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Stopper Toppers
Description: Ever look at your bathroom sink or go into someone's bathroom and notice the rust on the sink's stopper? It happens to the best of us. Water just does that to sink stoppers! Stopper Toppers are laminates that you put on the round stopper inside your sink. They add a bit of spunk to the boring white sink. Available in a host of designs from monograms to holiday themes, Stopper Toppers are becoming a bathroom craze, one sink at a time. Check them out at www.stoppertoppers.com. They sell for $6.99 each, including shipping and tax. They are very simple to apply and do not damage the stopper or sink. They make gift stocking stuffers or favors for the holidays.
Price: $6.99


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The 1960s and '70s were known for hippies, political upheaval and a hot Cold War. While these have come and gone, one relic of the era has remained: concrete-slab patios.
Laid thick and wide throughout the back of many ranch-style homes built during the 1960s, these easy-to-maintain concrete-slab patios leave much to be desired. Their drab, gray coloring and lack of individuality have created a challenge for homeowners who want to give their back patios more character while maintaining the functionality and easy upkeep that slabs offer.
Contractors now have many options for homeowners, from custom cutting the concrete to laying down flagstones or pavers.
Stephen Kovacs, the head contractor and CEO of Santa Clara-based Eni-ko Landscaping, has been working with homeowners since 1988 to transform their homes and patios into aesthetically pleasing living spaces. Concrete slabs are a great base for new material as long as it has not cracked, Kovacs said.
"It's already there, it's proved itself, it hasn't cracked," Kovacs said. "The condition of the existing concrete tells you exactly how well the front layer of the concrete is behaving. If it's not (seriously) cracked, if it's a solid piece (then) you are OK to put anything over it because it shouldn't deteriorate in the next 10 to 15 years."
If the concrete is in good condition, flagstone or sandstone can be installed over the slab. These materials cost between $22 and $37 per square foot, making them some of the more expensive options available to homeowners. While the price can be high, both flagstone and sandstone can give a patio a custom feel while disguising that old concrete slab.
Lower-cost options do exist, such as overlaying concrete slabs with concrete pavers. While covering concrete with concrete may seem counter-intuitive, pavers are cast-concrete bricks that come in a multitude of styles and colors. For homeowner Larry Baron of Los Altos, pavers were his choice to cover what he described as his "acres of concrete." Baron, who has owned his home since 1978 and remodeled it in 2011, used pavers from the front of his house to the back to give his house a better look.
"In the back I wanted to carry the same paver theme on the patio," Baron said. "So now there's not one square inch of concrete."
Mass-produced pavers are more affordable than flagstone, costing between $11 and $18 per square foot, while custom-made pieces can increase prices by more than 50 percent. As individual pieces pavers are easy to replace should they break, giving them an advantage over the costly and time-intensive process for fixing a cracked piece of flagstone.
Another option is staining the concrete, which involves washing the concrete with acid and applying a "stain," which will color it according to the homeowner's preferences. However, Kovacs said that one must be very good at staining concrete and that it does not last very long. The lack of permanence means that Kovacs refuses to do such work because of the likelihood that the customer would call him back in as little as five years to redo the staining.
The least expensive option is pouring a new concrete slab in place and modifying it to give the slab a custom look. Mountain View resident Andrea Ho and her husband, Michael Stein, did just this when they remodeled the patios at their house. The existing slab, which was concrete inlaid with pebbles, was covered with a layer of concrete and then bordered with pavers. This not only improved the design, but also added space to the patio and walkway.
While Ho considered having a wooden deck built over the existing concrete, she said that termites, the added cost and maintenance deterred her.
"We just went more with a clean look because of how our garden looks, but there's a lot of different options and we're really happy with it," Ho said. "It's easy to clean and there's less maintenance."
Kovacs said that laying down concrete ranges from $10 to $12 per square foot, making it the cheapest option for homeowners. Modern techniques also allow for new concrete slabs to be cut in different ways to give the patio a unique look.
The most expensive option for a homeowner is removing the concrete slabs. Demolition is a huge undertaking because of the size of these slabs (they range from 3 inches to 6 inches thick) and transportation of the material. If the concrete is in good condition, then it is much more affordable and more practical for a homeowner to overlay or cover the concrete with another structure, said Kovacs. The biggest issue for him is homeowners who are wedded to a piece of landscaping in their backyards. This can impede his job and add to the costs and headaches for the customer. Kovacs suggests that clients consider removing such installations in order to create a wholly new space that is natural and unbroken.
"Sometimes we tend to not see the forest because of the trees," Kovacs said. "And you have to step back and think differently. I think that part of my job ... is to relay these options to the client and see what their reaction is."
For Andrea Ho and Michael Stein's concrete-patio remodel, Stephen Kovacs sliced into existing concrete work and inserted pavers to bring new and old together. Photo by Stephen Kovacs.
Larry Baron's dog Vegas snoozes outside on the upgraded patio, where bedded slate tiles were added to the existing concrete. Photo by Veronica Weber.
Detail of the concrete pavers that now cover Larry Baron's "acres of concrete." Photo by Veronica Weber.
The concrete pavers begin in the driveway and front entrance of the house and are repeated thematically in the back. Photo by Veronica Weber.
Not a square inch of the old concrete shows on the new concrete-paver-covered backyard patio. Photo by Veronica Weber.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Westeros #1 Posted May 12, 2010 Word arrived late in the day from Blackhaven, and the words were as black as the wings of the raven that carried it:The last part of the king's army, believed to have been making its progress on the Boneway, had been due at Blackhaven two weeks or more by this point, if all had been well. Clearly, there was a problem. Yet scouts sent by the new Lord Dondarrion to explore the way south found no sign of the army, and there was concern. The garrison at Wyl, having entered the Marches after giving up the castle to its Dornish masters, said they had heard or seen no sign of them, either. What had happened?Disaster. That is what befell Ser William Waxley and his forces, some seven thousand men in total, many of them vassals from the royal demenses. Having departed Yronwood almost two months ago, Ser William's forces immediately ran into the most terrible possible circumstances: the change of the season. Any of the Marchers with him must have informed him how treacherous the pass could be at the start of Autumn, but his course had been set when it was decided that the force could not sustain the siege of Yronwood, not without reliable supplies coming down the Boneway. Torrential rain, flash floods, avalanches—every possible natural disaster that could befall the forces did.Some died swiftly, by mishap. Others died brutally, as Dornish rebels under Red Rhys of the Scourge ambushed foraging parties, or infiltrated the pickets to murder men and loot what little supply remained. Wagons had to be abandoned, leaving men and horses more and more burdened ... until they could hardly walk, until the rate of march was a mere crawl.And then: starvation. Within a week, the oats for the destriers were exhausted, and soon the hay. All but the toughest meat was gone, and men dreamed of having bread, or wine. And all the while, the outlaw Red Rhys continued his predations, aided some said by the witch, Alyx Sand. Men began to desert, trying to strike out on their own, only to die, their bones added to those which give the pass its name. Ser William attempted to hold things together, aided by Ser Conrad Arryn and other knights and men of note, but it was all but impossible.And then: illness. Disease swept through the ranks, the bloody flux felling men to left and right. Some tried to continue the march, stripping off their trousers so as not to soil them, but these would eventually collapse and be left behind. Ser William, who had struggled so mightily to fulfill his duty, succumbed as well, and perhaps it was a blessing that he died swiftly, consumed by fever that swiftly placed him in a coma before the worst of the pain began.And then: Red Rhys. Never was there a more merciless Dornishman, some will say. The robber-knight of the mountains, infamous among the Dornishmen, even more infamous in the Marches, had his forces start an avalanche that cut the vanguard of the army—already down to half its number—from the rest. The vanguard fled when they saw themselves alone, outnumbered, unable to cross the wall of stones that blocked the ravine through which they were passing. The rest of the host could not follow without removing the obstacle ... and there was no way to do this, with men so weak, with few knights yet alive. They placed their backs to the rubble, and waited to die.They did, in the night. Villagers, soldiers, knights, robbers and rebels, broken men—almost all the men in the Red Mountains of Dorne had appeared, called forth by the news of the destruction Red Rhys and the gods had be visiting upon the Young Dragon's ill-fated force. What followed was an orgy of violence, of wanton murder. Not a single knight was taken alive. Not a single commoner, either. Their bodies were piled up for the vultures and the sand dogs.When next the Boneway is marched, there will be a place where scores of mounds, made all of bones, will greet passersby.Five weeks after, straggling in afoot, three dozen men reached the first Marcher watchtower in the northern end of the Boneway. They were skeletal, haggard figures, and what they did to survive the most harrowing journey ... none can say; they surely will not. Ser Conrad Arryn was among them, whose experience in the Mountains of the Moon was chief cause of this survival, such as it was. Few could walk a step more, much less ride, and were sent on to Blackhaven on wagons, where maesters and septons would tend them, while Lord Dondarrion gathered what information he could to make his report. His brother, Ser Doran, had survived by the grace of the gods . . . but in such a state of collapse that the castle's maester doubted he would survive despite his best efforts.Ten thousand lives were spent in King Daeron's glorious conquest, a feat even the Conqueror never achieved. But now the final tally has come: _forty thousand_ died in the long collapse of Daeron's rule there, and King Daeron himself was not the least.Prince Viserys gathered the small council to share the news. King Baelor went to Visenya's Sept, it's said, with tears in his eyes for so many souls sent to the gods, and he refused to leave for a day and a night, locked in prayer. Could it mean a renewed war? None think so: the disaster was before the peace in Dorne, after all. But ... it bears thinking about. For those of the king's household who died, Ser William first and foremost, memorial services would be held by the High Septon himself.Visit the Site! Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Miu Miu Fall 2009: A Sultry Riff on the Bourgeois
>> Miuccia Prada closed out the Fall 2009 runway season with a Miu Miu show about "playing with the bourgeoisie." Necklines plunged to reveal nude bras, fur sashes draped across the chest and covered ankle straps, bare flesh shimmered, and socks were heavily sequined. The collection seemed more grown up than Miu Miu's recent forays into harlequinism or scuba gear, with its tapestry patterns, but perhaps most striking were the half-coats, with undone buttons or cutout backs.
*image: source


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So to help you cut costs (at least a little) and fuel the old internal furnace with healthful whole foods, we've put together a sample two-person menu for a three-day warm-weather foray in moderate terrain. (As you likely know, high-altitude hiking requires special cooking considerations, and folks on cold-weather journeys need more daily calories than they would in temperate seasons.) We're confident you'll agree that the menus here are nutritious, tasty and practical to serve while rambling in the outdoors.
You'll have to decide — before you even begin to pack — the method of cooking you plan to use. Because campfires are often no longer permitted in our national parks and forests, it's best to check with the appropriate officials before starting out to determine whether permits are required, or fires even allowed, in the areas where you plan to be traveling. Odds are that you'll find a backpacking stove an all but essential accessory (there are many compact lightweight models available).
Of course, some items can be carried as is, or fully prepared in advance and our menus include a number of these. Then, the simplest way to package foods to be cooked on site is probably to put the dry ingredients for any one recipe in a plastic bag, label it, and add the liquids in camp. (Ziploc-type sacks are airtight and don't take up much room.) Finally, if you pack all the breakfast-menu fixings in a larger plastic bag, and do the same for your lunch and dinner menus (again, be sure to label everything), you won't have to sort through a jumble of bundles when you're getting ready to eat.
Our list includes seven meals: two breakfasts, three lunches, and two dinners on the assumption that most people will begin their excursions after breakfast one day and return — two days later — after lunch. Here's the sample bill of fare for that trip.
Backpacking Meal Ideas
Lunch: High-Protein Leftovers Bread with Miso Sesame Butter Spread, Dried Fruit, Lemonade.
Dinner: Spinach Cheese Soup, High-Protein Crackers, Nutty Fruit Muffins, Tea.
Breakfast: Stewed Fruit over Granola, Tea.
Lunch: High-Protein Crackers with Garbanzo Bean Spread, Fresh Vegetable Salad with Miso Salad Dressing, Fruit Juice (from concentrate).
Dinner: One-Pot Brown Rice and Shrimp, Nutty Fruit Muffins, Tea.
Breakfast: Wheat Germ Cereal with Dates.
Lunch: Brown Rice Patties (fried up from the leftovers of the rice and shrimp dinner) with Miso Sesame Butter Spread, Dried Fruit, Fruit Juice (from concentrate).
Backpacking Meal Recipes
You'll want to prepare the following items at home, as close as possible to your departure date.
High-Protein Bread Recipe
Ingredients2-1/2 cups of whole wheat flour (or 2 cups of whole wheat and 1/2 cup of rye flour)
1/2 cup of soy flour
2 cups of leftover cooked vegetables and grains (or 1-1/2 cups cooked millet and 1/2 cup cooked carrots or other vegetable), mashed or strained
1/8 cup of oil
1 teaspoon of salt vegetable stock or water cornmeal
Mix all the ingredients completely, adding a little flour if the batter is too sticky or a little stock if it's too dry. Knead the dough until it's of a very even consistency and a bit springy. Then shape it to fit an oiled bread pan that's been sprinkled with coarse cornmeal. Split the dough's surface about 1/4 inch deep and moisten the top of the loaf with water, cover it and let the pan sit in a warm spot for 12 hours before baking the bread — at 350 degrees Fahrenheit — for one hour.
Miso Seasame-Butter Spread Recipe
Ingredients1-1/2 cups of sesame butter
4 tablespoons of miso
4-6 tablespoons of boiling water grated orange peel
Brown the sesame butter and miso together in a frying pan, stirring constantly. Mix in enough water to make the concoction spreadable. Cool the sesame treat in a bowl, add orange peel to taste, and store the spread in a lidded plastic container.
Lemonade Recipe
Ingredients8 tablespoons of lemon juice
8 teaspoons of honey
4 cups of water
Simply combine the juice, honey, and water. (You may have to use a bit of hot water first to dissolve the honey, and then add the remaining liquid.) Prepare the beverage in the morning before you leave, and put it in a lidded jar with ice cubes . . . when you arrive at your first stop, it'll be chilled and ready for you
High-Protein Cracker Recipe
Ingredients1 cup of whole wheat flour
1 cup of rye flour
1/2 cup of soy flour
1/2 cup of wheat germ flakes
1/2 cup of sesame seeds
1 tablespoon of chia seeds
1 teaspoon of coarse-ground sea salt
1/3 cup of corn germ oil cold water
Combine all the dry ingredients except the salt, and mix them well. Stir in the oil and add just enough water to produce a stiff dough, which you can then knead a little before letting it stand for a few minutes. Roll the dough out very thin, sprinkle on the salt and a few extra sesame seeds and roll it again, pushing the salt and seeds in well. Now, pierce the dough with a fork, and cut it into squares. It should make about two dozen. Bake the crackers on an ungreased cookie sheet at 300 degrees Fahrenheit until they're golden brown and crisp (15 to 20 minutes). To help prevent breakage in the pack, place the homemade saltines between layers of wax paper.
Nutty Fruit Muffin Recipe
Ingredients3/4 pound of pecans
3/4 pound of walnuts
3/4 pound of almonds
1 pound of raisins
1 pound of dates
1-1/2 pounds of assorted dried fruit
1-1/2 cups of whole wheat flour
2 teaspoons of baking powder
6 eggs
2/3 cup of pineapple juice
1 teaspoon of salt
2 teaspoons of vanilla
3 tablespoons of honey
Soak the dried fruit mix for a couple of hours and cut it into small pieces. Then add the raisins and dates, and coat all the bits with the flour and baking powder before combining the fruits and nuts. Next, beat the eggs with the remaining ingredients, and stir this concoction into the fruit and nut mixture. Spoon the batter into two dozen muffin cups — filling each to the 3/4 mark — and bake the desserts in a 300 degree Fahrenheit oven for 25 to 30 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center of a muffin comes out clean. (Place a pan of water in the oven during the baking process.) After the muffins have cooled, wrap each one in aluminum foil and store them in a cool place until you're ready to pack.
Miso Salad Dressing Recipe
Ingredients1 teaspoon each of miso, oil, water, and lemon juice
1 clove of garlic, sliced
1/2 teaspoon of whole oregano, thyme, or basil
Put the ingredients in a small bottle or jar with a tight lid, and shake them well.
Coconut Granola Recipe
Ingredients1/4 cup of oil
1/4 cup of honey
1/4 cup of sorghum, molasses, or maple syrup
1-1/2 teaspoons of vanilla
1/8 cup of milk powder
1 tablespoon of nutritional yeast
1/2 cup of wheat germ
2-1/2 cups of rolled oats
1 cup of rolled wheat
1 cup of rolled rye
1/2 cup of unsweetened coconut shreds
1 cup of raisins or currants 1/2 cup each of cashews, almonds, pitted dates, and sunflower seeds
Heat the oil, honey, and syrup in a large pot until the liquid reaches a thin, uniform consistency. Then remove it from the heat and add the remaining ingredients — in the order they're listed — except the fruit, nuts, and seeds. Stir the combination well after each addition. Spread the mixture on a cookie sheet and bake it, at 250 degrees Fahrenheit, for 1-1/2 to 2 hours, stirring it occasionally. Remove the sheet from the oven. Once the granola is cool, stir in the remaining ingredients. Store the mix in an airtight container. (This recipe yields about 1/2 gallon.)
Garbanzo Bean Spread Recipe
Ingredients1-1/4 cups of cooked garbanzo beans
1/4 teaspoon of parsley
1/4 teaspoon of chili powder
1/8 teaspoon of cumin
1/8 teaspoon of salt a dash of garlic granules
Mash up the garbanzos — or put them through a food mill, ricer, or blender — until they make a paste. Then add the spices and stir everything well. Store the spread in an airtight heavy-plastic container.
How to Cook While on the TrailAt this point the most difficult food preparation will be out of the way, and you can look forward to unpacking and putting together the meals as you need them. However, there are three recipes among those in our menus that will have to be cooked up at your campsite.
Wheat Germ Cereal Recipe
Ingredients1/2 cup of wheat germ flakes
1/2 cup of bran flakes
1/4 teaspoon of salt
2 cups of water
Combine all the ingredients and simmer the mixture for 5 minutes. Serve the cereal topped with dates.
Spinach Cheese Soup Recipe
4 tablespoons of spinach flakes
2 tablespoons of onion flakes
2 tablespoons of parsley flakes
1 teaspoon of salt
1/4 teaspoon of garlic granules
1 cup of milk powder
4 tablespoons of whole wheat flour
1 pound of cheddar cheese, grated or sliced
2 tablespoons of oil
3 cups of water a handful of toasted chopped almonds
Stir the first five ingredients and the oil into 2 cups of water, bring the mixture to a boil, and cook for 5 minutes. Meanwhile, blend the milk powder and flour with the remaining 1 cup of water. Add the thickening to the pot. Then stir in the cheese, and — without allowing the soup to boil — keep stirring until the cheese melts. Sprinkle the almonds on top just before you serve this hearty main dish.
One-Pot Brown Rice and Shrimp Recipe
2 cups of brown rice
1 6-1/2-ounce can of shrimp (or 1/2 cup freeze-dried) a large handful of freeze-dried string beans
1 tablespoon of onion flakes
1/2 teaspoon of salt
1/8 teaspoon of oregano
1/8 teaspoon of thyme
1 tablespoon of oil
5 cups of water
Bring the water and oil to a boil, then add the rice, salt, and onion. Keep the ingredients at a high simmer for 30 to 45 minutes, and — when the rice is almost done — stir in the beans and shrimp and let everything finish cooking together. (Dried shrimp and dehydrated string beans may be used in place of the canned or freeze-dried ingredients above, but should be added to the pot after about 15 minutes.)
There you have it: a tasty and nutritious menu plan that will enable you and your fellow traveler to concentrate on the important aspects of your journey — like the wildflowers and sunsets — so that you can return refreshed and full of the spirit of Mother Nature. Have fun!


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15-year-old Helena Muffly wrote exactly 100 years ago today:
Thursday, January 12, 1911: Finished taking examinations today for this month. I don't believe I made very good marks. It seems to me as if I am going backwards every month instead of going forward.
Her middle-aged granddaughter's comments 100 years later:
It's hard to envision schools without the ubiquitous multiple choice and true/false tests, but the examinations that Grandma took WERE NOT multiple choice tests. Multiple choice items were invented in 1915. And the exams probably did not include true/false, matching or fill in the blank items. All of these question types were popularized during the 1920s by educational psychologists who promoted the concept of scientific testing.
Grandma's exams probably included arithmetic tests that contained math problems which students copied off the blackboard. Portions of the exam were probably oral since mental math was valued prior to the development of calculators.
The examinations that Grandma took probably included recitations and oral responses. For example, a student might be required to recite a poem that he or she memorized. Or the teacher may ask a student questions about material that has been covered in class.
Discussion tests gave students the opportunity for free, organized, and individualized expression on the topics involved.
Martin Stormzand
In other subjects there probably were essay or 'discussion' tests. Sometimes students were directed to merely outline their response rather than write a polished essay.


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December 17, 2012
Adapted from:
The World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), UNAIDS, and the Global Network of Sex Work Projects have developed a set of technical recommendations for effective programs to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS and other STDs among sex workers. The complete report, "Prevention and Treatment of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections for Sex Workers in Low- and Middle-income Countries," was published by the WHO Department of HIV/AIDS in December 2012. The guidelines advise that nations should decriminalize sex work and increase the access of sex workers to health services. Regular, voluntary screening and treatment for sex workers and empowerment regarding condom negotiation were other key elements of the guidelines.
This article was provided by CDC National Prevention Information Network. It is a part of the publication CDC HIV/Hepatitis/STD/TB Prevention News Update.
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'To Be Or Not To Be' – Original text, translation, analysis, facts and performances
'To be or not to be, that is the question'. Read Hamlet's famous soliloquy by Shakespeare below, along with a modern translation and explanation of what 'To be or not to be' is about. We've also pulled together a bunch of facts about the famous soliloquy, and have the 5 most famous film performances of 'to be or not to be'.
'To be or not to be' is the most famous soliloquy in the works of Shakespeare – probably, even, the most famous soliloquy anywhere. That is partly because the opening words are so interesting, memorable and intriguing but also because Shakespeare ranges around several cultures and practices to borrow the language for his images, and because he's dealing here with profound concepts, putting complex philosophical ideas into the mouth of a character on a stage, communicating with an audience with a wide range of educational levels.
'To Be Or Not To Be': Original Words Spoken by Hamlet, Act 3 Scene 1
To be, or not to be: that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,
Must give us pause: there's the respect
That makes calamity of so long life;
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,
The pangs of despised love, the law's delay,
The insolence of office and the spurns
That patient merit of the unworthy takes,
When he himself might his quietus make
With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear,
To grunt and sweat under a weary life,
But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscover'd country from whose bourn
No traveller returns, puzzles the will
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not of?
Thus conscience does make cowards of us all;
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprises of great pith and moment
With this regard their currents turn awry,
And lose the name of action.–Soft you now!
The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy orisons
Be all my sins remember'd.
'To Be Or Not To Be': Translation
The below translation into modern English of Hamlet's 'To be or not to be' soliloquy is taken from the NoSweatShakespeare Hamlet ebook:
"The question for him was whether to continue to exist or not – whether it was more noble to suffer the slings and arrows of an unbearable situation, or to declare war on the sea of troubles that afflict one, and by opposing them, end them. To die. He pondered the prospect. To sleep – as simple as that. And with that sleep we end the heartaches and the thousand natural miseries that human beings have to endure. It's an end that we would all ardently hope for. To die. To sleep. To sleep. Perhaps to dream. Yes, that was the problem, because in that sleep of death the dreams we might have when we have shed this mortal body must make us pause. That's the consideration that creates the calamity of such a long life. Because, who would tolerate the whips and scorns of time; the tyrant's offences against us; the contempt of proud men; the pain of rejected love; the insolence of officious authority; and the advantage that the worst people take of the best, when one could just release oneself with a naked blade? Who would carry this load, sweating and grunting under the burden of a weary life if it weren't for the dread of the after life – that unexplored country from whose border no traveller returns? That's the thing that confounds us and makes us put up with those evils that we know rather than hurry to others that we don't know about. So thinking about it makes cowards of us all, and it follows that the first impulse to end our life is obscured by reflecting on it. And great and important plans are diluted to the point where we don't do anything."
What do you think of the modern translation of Hamlet's 'To be or not to be' soliloquy above? Let us know in the comments below.
'To Be Or Not To Be' An Analysis of Shakespeare's Most Famous Soliloquy
The first six words of the soliloquy establish a balance. There is a direct opposition – to be, or not to be. Hamlet is thinking about life and death and pondering a state of being versus a state of not being – being alive and being dead.
The balance continues with a consideration of the way one deals with life and death. Life is a lack of power: the living are at the mercy of the blows of outrageous fortune. The only action one can take against the things he lists among those blows is to end one's life. That's the only way of opposing them. Death is therefore empowering: killing oneself is a way of taking action, taking up arms, opposing and defeating the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune. Living is a passive state; dying is an active state. But in order to reach the condition of death one has to take action in life – charge fully armed against Fortune – so the whole proposition is circular and hopeless because one does not really have the power of action in life.
Death is something desirable – devoutly to be wished, a consummation – a perfect closure. It's nothing more than a sleep. But there's a catch, which Hamlet calls a rub. A 'rub' is a bowls term meaning an obstacle on the bowls lawn that diverts the bowl, so the fear of the life hereafter is the obstacle that makes us pause and perhaps change the direction of our thinking. We don't control our dreams so what dreams may come in that sleep in which we have shuffled off all the fuss and bother of life? He uses the word 'coil,' which is an Elizabethan word for a big fuss, such as there may be in the preparations for a party or a wedding – a lot of things going on and a lot of rushing about. With that thought Hamlet stops to reconsider. What will happen when we have discarded all the hustle and bustle of life? The problem with the proposition is that life after death is unknown and could be worse than life. It's a very frightening thought. That's the obstacle on the lawn and it diverts his thoughts to another direction.
And now Hamlet reflects on a final end. A 'quietus' is a legal word meaning a final definitive end to an argument. He opposes this Latin word against the Celtic 'sweating' and 'grunting' of a living person as an Arab beneath an overwhelmingly heavy load – a fardel, the load carried by a camel. Who would bear that when he could just draw a line under life with something as simple as a knitting needle – a bodkin? It's quite a big thought and it's fascinating that this enormous act – drawing a line under life – can be done with something as simple as a knitting needle. And how easy that seems.
Hamlet now lets his imagination wander on the subject of the voyages of discovery and the exploratory expeditions. Dying is like crossing the border between known and unknown geography. One is likely to be lost in that unmapped place, from which one would never return. The implication is that there may be unimagined horrors in that land.
Hamlet now seems to make a decision. He makes the profound judgment that 'conscience does make cowards of us all,' This sentence is probably the most important one in the soliloquy. There is a religious dimension to it as it is a sin to take one's life. So with that added dimension the fear of the unknown after death is intensified.
But there is more to it than that. It is not just about killing himself but also about the mission he is on – to avenge his father's death by killing his father's murderer. Throughout the action of the play he makes excuses for not killing him and turns away when he has the chance. 'Conscience does make cowards of us all.' Convention demands that he kill Claudius but murder is a sin and that conflict is the core of the play.
At the end of the soliloquy he pulls himself out of this reflective mode by deciding that too much thinking about it is the thing that will prevent the action he has to rise to.
This is not entirely a moment of possible suicide. It's not that he's contemplating suicide as much as reflecting on life, and we find that theme all through the text. In this soliloquy life is burdensome and devoid of power. In another it's 'weary, stale, flat and unprofitable,' like a garden overrun with weeds. In this soliloquy Hamlet gives a list of all the things that annoy him about life: the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,
the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes. But there's a sense of agonised frustration in this soliloquy that however bad life is we're prevented from doing anything about it by fear of the unknown.
Facts About 'To Be Or Not To Be'
1. The first performance of Hamlet was by the King's Men at the Globe theatre between 1600 and 1601.
2. The first actor to perform the 'to be or not to be' soliloquy was Richard Burbage (1567-1619), the famous Elizabethan tragic actor, for whom Shakespeare wrote most of his tragic roles.
3. The first American performance of 'to be or not to be' was by Lewis Hallam, who played Hamlet in The American Company's production of the play in Philadelphia in 1759.
4. The 'to be or not to be' soliloquy is 33 lines long, and consists of 262 words. Hamlet, the play in which 'to be or not to be' occurs is Shakespeare's longest play with 4,042 lines.
5. It takes four hours to perform Hamlet on the stage, with the 'to be or not to be' soliloquy taking anywhere from 2 to 4 minutes.
6. There is evidence that William Shakespeare played the ghost of Hamlet's father in the play.
7. Hamlet is the most frequently performed play around the world. It has been calculated that a performance begins somewhere in the world every minute of every day.
8. Edwin Booth, the older brother of John Wilkes Booth, Abraham Lincoln's assassin, performed 'to be or not to be' for one hundred nights in his role of Hamlet at the Winter Garden Theatre, New York, in the 1864/65 season.
9. The castle, Elsinor, where 'to be or not to be' is spoken, really exists. It is called Kronborg Castle and is in the Danish port of Helsingør. It was built in 1423 by the Danish king, Eric of Pomerania.
10. The opening line of the soliloquy, 'to be or not to be, that is the question,' is the most searched for Shakespeare quote on the internet.
11. More than 200 women have performed 'to be or not to be' in the role of Hamlet on the professional stage.
12. The first woman to have performed 'to be or not to be' on the stage was Sarah Siddons, the toast of Dury Lane, and famous in her time for her Lady Macbeth. She first played Hamlet in 1776.
13. The 'to be or not to be' soliloquy has appeared in over 50 film adaptations of Hamlet since 1900.
14. The storyline of Disney film The Lion King is based on Hamlet.
15. Tom Stoppard's acclaimed play, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead, features two minor characters in Hamlet.
16. At least two films have been named after quotes from the 'to be or not to be' soliloquy – 1991's Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (line 24, "The undiscovered Country, from whose bourn") and 1998's What Dreams May Come (line 11 "For in that sleep of death, what dreams may come")
17. In a 1963 debate in Oxford, Malcolm X quoted the first few lines of the 'to be or not to be' to make a point about "extremism in defence of liberty."
Any 'to be or not to be' facts we're missing? Let us know in the comments below.
Classic Film Performances of 'To Be Or Not To Be' Soliloquy
As per the above facts, there have been over 50 film adaptations of Hamlet, featuring some of the world's finest actors. Here we've picked out three of the all time classic performances of Shakespeare's 'To be or not to be' soliloquy from the silver screen:
Lawrence Olivier (1948)
Kenneth Brannagh (1996)
David Tennant (2009)
What do you think of these soliloquy interpretations? Anyone else who should have made the top three?
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Chris B says:
What a great read and the timing is nothing short of perfection. I choose to agree that the fear of the unknown consumes any "High Hopes" or seemingly certain promise of a "Dream" when the risk is deemed greater than the reward. When nothing but victory stands between the dreamer and his coveted dream, will the acquisition become real. Within my own life I have noticed that Fear and a false sense of self has kept me in bondage for far to long. A man in the chase of something he has placed valued on must either risk the unknown and charge forward in confidence or walk away without reference to it ever again.
David Gomm says:
Sons of Anarchy is based on Hamlet.
Mayci Ford says:
As is The Lion King
anonymous says:
you spelt 'aye' wrong in 'ay there's the rub"
Hannah M. says:
That's how it was written in the book. lol.
Hamlet Summary says:
If Hamlet is the crown for English literature, this particular piece is the crowning piece. Be it the philosophical intensity or the psychological struggle of Hamlet, everything fits to make it perfect. No one can ever write or even think to reach the complex beauty of Shakespeare. It is evident through this soliloquy.
anonymous says:
There's a sort-of modern, off-beat production of hamlet going in NYC that's slightly different from the original (I believe?) called Sleep No More.
Dakota Guerre says:
I dont know about anyone else, but ive been waiting to see Arnold's adaptation of Hamlet since i saw it in the Last Action Hero. Looked pretty good to me.
Kiyoshi Wada says:
The other day I read To be or not to be (Shakespeare) –From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2012 / 05 / 23) which I had happened to print out. It says in Interpretation that the third main point of disagreement about this speech is what the apparent theme of endurance vs. action (" to suffer..or..take arms ") has to do with being and nonbeing, and is further elaborated as follows, "Whether
'tis nobler in the mind to suffer…Or to take arms…" seems clearly to ask whether it is better to be stoically passive to life's troubles or heroically active against them. The trouble is how this relates to 'to be or not to be' …
There is a considerable disagreement over the very question presented here in Interpretation ( how the theme of the whether clause relates to 'to be or not to be'), and I do not think that this quite reasonable question is attached as much importance as it should be.
The following is my interpretation of the first few lines of Hamlet's famous "to be or not to be" soliloquy, (To be, or not to be: that is the question:/ Whether 'tis nobler ~/And by opposing end them? [ To die: to sleep; / No more;]).
I would appreciate it very much if I could have any comments on it.
First of all, I assume that 'to be' means 'to live, to exist, to be alive, or to continue to exist' and 'not to be' 'to die, to cease to exist, or to commit suicide' and that in this soliloquy Hamlet uses 'to be' to allude to life and action and 'not to be' to death and inaction, though he is not talking directly about himself and thinking more generally about life or death; and I discuss the question on the premise that this assumption is correct.
The whether clause, which is most probably an amplification, seems generally thought to have much the same meaning as a common Japanese translation of this part: 'Which is nobler, to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea of troubles, and by opposing end them?' But it is unreasonable and I do not agree, because 'To be, or not to be: that is the question.' and 'Whether 'tis nobler ~to suffer ~ , or to take ~?' are then two different questions that have different meanings, and the whether clause does not function as a consistent elaboration on the question of whether to continue to exist or not. I will give a supplementary explanation below.
In my judgment, the "or" in line 1 does not parallel the "or" in line 4, and to suffer ~ and to take ~ are two contrasting examples used to explain 'to be', and there is little doubt that Hamlet uses 'to be' to allude to life and action and 'not to be' to death and inaction (like killing himself with a bare dagger)(ll.20-21). 'Not to be' does not imply life and action as some think it does, much less heroic action (like taking arms ~and end them)(ll.4-5); it means death without doing anything.
Besides, as is clearly shown by a certain Japanese translation ( Which way of life is nobler, to suffer ~, or to take arms ~ ? ), to suffer ~ and to take arms ~ are both ways of life –courses of action open for Hamlet in his present difficult situation, though noticeably different from each other, stoically passive vs. heroically active. Thus the question of whether to continue to exist or not is again totally different from the question of which is nobler of the two ways of living – two courses of action; there is no logical connection between the two.
My (grammatical) interpretation of the whether clause is as follows. Although the pronoun 'it' in 'tis indicates to suffer ~ and to take arms ~ , the whole clause does not mean 'Which is nobler, to suffer ~ , or to take arms ~?' It means 'Is to be nobler (than not to be)?', that is to say, ' Is to suffer ~, or to take arms ~ ( no matter which ) really nobler ( than to die )?' Taken literally, 'to take arms ~' obviously implies life and action, and that heroic action, ("though perhaps with the loss of life") and does not equal 'not to be' as some think it does. So the equivalence is between 'to be' and 'to suffer ~, or to take arms ~' and between 'not to be' and 'To die' (l.5), which is the other alternative not expressed but understood in the whether clause. Thus I do not think, as some do, that Hamlet, without any sort of transition, suddenly starts to contemplate death. He merely begins to talk about the other alternative of nonbeing after talking about the alternative of being; and therefore the whether clause and 'To die: to sleep; / No more;' fit together well and logically and they form a united whole.
I think this is the only way to make the whether clause a more consistent elaboration on the question of whether to continue to exist or not, and that "Shakespearean grammar" would permit this explanation.
David Kim says:
Very interesting notion. That seems to make more sense in grammatical point of view.
In that interpretation, Hamlet should be contemplating three options to take: 1. To be passively and to suffer…., 2. To be actively and to take arms…., 3. To commit suicide.
But in the whole context of the soliloquy, to be (alive) or to die (as a consequence of action) seems to be two ways of options to decide on.
So how to live whether in nobler way or not is out of question here, in my opinion.
I guess Shakespeare in fact meant for "which is…" by "Whether it is…." in more elegant expression.
About a part of TRANSLATION in the main article, "That patient merit of the unworthy" meant the plain & ordinary people's virtue of being patient (of spurns or whatever), in my opinion.
Please correct me if I am wrong. In fact, I memorized the whole soliloquy as my usual habit with other impressive and memorable poems.
David says:
I don't think that the two questions have different meanings. The second is just an elaboration of the first. The second assumes that the choice between the two alternative should be based on which one is "nobler." If you choose "to be", you have to "suffer the slings and arrows.."; you choose "not to be", as another poster points out, by "taking arms against a sea of troubles and…end[ing] them".
Much is written about the relationship of this soliloquy with the ethical question of suicide, especially in connection with Christianity. No doubt that idea has a role to play here, but it seems to me that that role is often exaggerated. After all, Hamlet concludes that people are generally afraid to commit suicide because they cannot know what it is like to be dead. I think that the relationship of that sentiment with Christianity is much more interesting. That sentiment is a lack of faith in Christian teachings about the afterlife.
I think that he phrase "patient merit" refers to those people with that quality: it's an example of the figure of speech called metonymy. think that the sense of the phrase is "the spurns that people of patient merit take from those who are unworthy ( perhaps, among other reasons, for failing to appreciate what those of patient merit have to offer).
Kiyoshi Wada says:
Thank you very much for your comment of June 26, 2015.
You say Hamlet should be contemplating three options: 1) to suffer…, 2) to take arms…, 3) to commit
suicide, but that to be or to die seems to be two options to decide on.
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer …Or to take arms … seems to ask which is nobler to suffer …or to take arms… But I think it means 'Is to be nobler (than not to be)?', that is to say, ' Is to suffer ~, or to take arms ~ ( no matter which ) really nobler ( than to die )?' and so to suffer …or to take arms…
is one option instead of two options.
As for 'the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy take', I think it means 'the insults that deserving people have to take from powerful inferiors' (take of the unworthy) of = from
Mike Benoit says:
Thanks for your great interpretation. I agree that there are only 2 questions essentially, but I think it may have another dimension. Consider it like this:
Hamlet could be saying, if you choose to live you are going to have to then *further* choose between being a victim or a "hero", both of which are hardships. But then you could say: you can "end" the troubles by taking up arms and being the hero, so it is only a temporary hardship, so a therefore a good choice!! But is this a realistic choice? Can you truly "end" injustice in the world regardless of your skill in fighting it? By saying 'end them' he may be describing a naive, quixotic type heroism, speaking in a sarcastic kind of way… so again, not a very great choice to the wise (or perhaps cynical) man who sees it as a doomed enterprise either way if you choose the Life option.
So in essence it becomes: Do I stay alive and lead a miserable life, regardless of whether I choose a cowardly, shameful struggle or a vain and violent struggle that seems noble but is ultimately folly?
Or do I take the risk that death is peaceful rather than a choice leading to endless isolation, nightmares, guilt, or possibly hell fire? And even if you decide that suicide is logically the best choice because it at least has a chance at a decent outcome (peaceful,though ignoble rest), you are too cowardly to follow through with it because of fear of the possible endless guilt or endless hell fire, which seems far worse than the 2 miserable life outcomes..
A conundrum of epic and depressing proportions where no outcome is really very great… just another take on it.
Guy says:
We are being asked to consider only two options, to suffer all of the very real pains of this life, in order that we not have to face death, until it finally comes (which it will), or to take up arms and do something about it, even if it kills us. The issue is that we don't know what's on the other side. If we fight the oppression, we may die sooner than we wish. Then the case will be that we will find ourselves all the sooner in a place we don't want to be. We don't know because no one has come back to tell us of it. So we are left with the decision: simply suffer on, in order to avoid death, or fight not to suffer and risk dying into the unknown. I'm sure suicide is not a part of the question.
Nike Leonard says:
It behoves us to modernize Shakespeare.The poitry in fact dimands it.
To be,or not to be;that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or,to take arms against a sea of troubles,
And,by opposing,end them.To die,to sleep-
No more;and,by a sleep to say we end
The heartache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to-'tis a[consummation]CONSUMPTION
Divoutly to wished.To die,to sleep.
To sleep,perchance to dream.Ay,there's the[rub]BODY-BLOW,
For,in that sleep of death,what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal[coil]SPIN
Must give us pause.There's the[respect]LOOKING-BACK
That makes calamity of so long life;
For,who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
Th'oppressor's wrong,the proud man's[contumely]RIPROACH,
The pangs of dispised love,the law's dilay,
The insolence of office,and the spurns
That patient merit of th'unworthy takes,
When he himself might his[quietus]QUIET make
With[a bare bodkin]COLD-STEEL?Who would[fardels]BURDENS bear,
To grunt and sweat under a weary life,
But that the dread of something after death,
The undiscovered country from whose bourn,
No traveller riturns,puzzles the will,
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not of?
Thus conscience does make cowards…
And thus the native hue of resolution
Is sicklid o'er with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprisis of[great pith and moment]
[With this regard]their currents turn awry,
And lose the name of action.Soft you,now,
The fair Ophelia!-Nymph,in thy orisons
Be all my sins rimembered.
Frances says:
Consummation DOES NOT mean consumption! It means fulfilment.
Rub = chafe, irritation rather than body-blow
Coil is generally agreed to mean fuss or bustle
Respect = you are correct to interpret 'spect' as look as in aspect, but re is generally use to mean do again. In other words look again, double check.
A bodkin is a type of large needle or spike or stiletto type dagger
And by the way: remembered, poetry, demand, reproach, returns. But I wasn't sure if you were spelling those words with an i on purpose as an affectation.
bwaomega says:
Please, before attempting to modernize something, look into the actual meaning of the original words at the time they were written. Beware of false correlations between similar sounding words with quite different meanings.
john says:
Nice Job!
I've always loved this soliloquy, and have memorized it. The very act of memorizing this forces one, I believe, to appreciate the nuances of the struggle that Hamlet is enduring at this point.
As an aside, I would make it clearer that the "opposing" Hamlet had in mind was that of plunging the dagger into his own heart. As for the rest, well done, indeed!
Andy says:
I always loved this passage too, John, and the first nine lines have been in my head for ages. I'm going to follow your example and memorize the rest. Thanks for the tip!
Jerry Serwas says:
Shakespeare speaks rhetorically through Hamlet (soliloquy) of an
unknown ethereal post mortem state. There is no legitimate answer
to the living. No doubt Shakespeare paused in deep thought more than once to have been confounded and frustrated between gross disparity set betwixt life and mortality. "To Be Or Not To Be" does not represent a
real problem for Hamlet/Shakespeare. The real entity comes through a
state of being in a present tense "is" instantly becoming defacto usage for death and finality. The truth ? Only Shakespeare can define his work.
Robin says:
Shakespeare wrote for the masses. Why not try the same?
RoundRobin says:
Dear Robin,
This above all; to thine own self be true.
Max says:
When Shakespeare was asked how he felt about Hamlet not being a very successful play – he said "t'was not written for the masses".
Also, once his theatre troupe became the King's Men, they were pretty much writing with royalty in mind. Macbeth was in part written because the king was fascinated by witches and magic.
Harry Smith says:
A classic scene from the classic 1946 western My Darling Cementine, is where the travelling Shakespearean Actor
Granville Thorndyke played by Alan Mowbray recites Hamlets soliloquy. He performs it in a saloon bar and is heckled by the
Clanton Gang, unable to continue he asks Doc Holliday played by
Victor Mature to finish it for him.
On leaving the bar Granvile says to the Clanton Gang
"Shakespeare was not meant for taverns or for tavern louts.
Check it out on Youtube
Leave a ReplyWant to join the discussion?
Feel free to contribute!


text:
If anyone was looking for an example of the benefits that continuous controls can bring to an enterprise, the state of the U.S. economy and the fall of some of the largest, most admired financial institutions in the last couple of years provide more than enough data. And instituting a continuous controls process focusing on risks related to fraud is likely now in the plan for many companies this year.
Check out this seven-step outline, provided by Dustin Lewis, CISA, a senior technical consultant with ACL Services, Ltd. for building an analytics-based program that will allow you to focus on risks that have the greatest chance of reducing shareholder value. For example:
Plus, by focusing on reducing the risk to shareholders, you make management happy, and this can result in a more robust, long-term fraud program.
Also be sure to read Lora Bentley's interview with Peter Millar, director of technology application at ACL Services Ltd., for insights on how to interpret the emotional reaction that discoveries of fraud can create, as opposed to the casual interest many companies take in the situation.
Related Topics : Botnets, Firewall, Intrusion-Detection Systems, Intrusion-Prevention Systems, Peer-to-Peer
If you want to spend more time this summer paying attention to the barbeque than your firewalls -- then it's time to get your firewalls in shape. ... More >>


text:
Learning Index >> Ceramic Decoration: a selective guide to pots in the collection of the Crafts Study Centre
No. 18: Large flared bowl, 1990 (P.93.1)
This large lustreware bowl was made when Alan Caiger-Smith's Aldermaston Pottery was still operating at full strength, and purchased from its closing-down sale in 1990. It is made of red earthenware clay, covered with a light blue engobe, or slip, and glazed with a clear lead alkaline glaze. The brush decoration on the interior takes the form of a solid mass of leaves and berries, or fruits, worked in copper-silver reduction lustre. This sub-tropical type of pattern is in marked contrast to the delicate calligraphic strokes painted on the exterior.


text:
Mindy McCready was never even remotely suspected of foul play in her boyfriend's death ... despite reports to the contrary -- so says Cleburne County Sheriff Marty Moss.
Reports have been circulating that McCready gave conflicting stories to cops after boyfriend David Wilson's death last month from a fatal gunshot to the head.
McCready said the wound was self-inflicted, but new reports say her story to cops was full of holes ... that she changed her story several times and she was in the crosshairs of the investigation.
Sheriff Marty Moss tells us, that's just not true -- "Mindy never changed her story."
Ross says Mindy was never considered a suspect or even a person of interest in David's death.
As we reported, McCready was found dead at her home in Arkansas Sunday after suffering what appeared to be a self-inflicted gunshot wound. She was 37.


text:
Grammy-winning guitar virtuoso, Frank Gambale, exploded on the L.A. scene in the early 80s. His meteoric rise to fame is a testament to his passion and powered playing style "Rolling Stone Magazine" called it "ferocious"!
Gambale is the undisputed genius who originated the sweep picking technique and elevated it to a precise art form now standard in the guitar lexicon. The 'Gambale Sweep Picking Technique' continues to inspire generations of musicians. Jazz, rock, metal and prog artists alike are united in their awe of Frank as both an amazing technician and an unsurpassed musician.
As jazz legend, Chick Corea describes Frank 'He is one of the most incredible guitarists on the planet. Everything he touches with his guitar turns to gold, always has.' While John McLaughlin's tongue-in-cheek response to his finesse is 'I'd like to cut his hands off.'
A gifted composer, brilliant innovator and author of numerous instructional books and DVDs, Frank continues to reach unprecedented sonic and technical heights. His six-string prowess and seemingly limitless vision point towards an exciting future of groundbreaking music.
Whether Gambale is touring the world with his Fusion Jazz Trio, the Natural High Trio, his new vocal group Soulmine, or joining forces in an iconic jazz super group, Frank continues to amaze audiences around the world.
Members of Frank Gambale:
• Frank Gambale – Guitarist/ Lead and back vocal
• Cathy 'Boca' Bernardelli – Lead vocal
• Marco Luciani – Keyboards/Background vocal
• Nick Kellie – Rhythm Guitar/Background vocal
• Michael Shapiro – Drums
• Alex Evans – Bass/ Background vocal


text: A clear majority of Americans still suspect there was a conspiracy behind President John F. Kennedy's assassination, but the percentage who believe Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone is at its highest level since the mid-1960s, according to a new Associated Press-GfK poll.Cheryl Casati, 62, who retired from the Air Force after 20 years, watched it all unfold on television back in November 1963. She said she's "extremely sure" there was a conspiracy. The killing of Oswald, the accused shooter, just days after the assassination is part of the reason why."There's too many holes in explanations," the Phoenix-area woman said. "That just could not have happened easily in that time and place. And (Jack) Ruby shooting (Oswald) could not have happened as easily as it did."Pat Sicinski sees it differently. She and her husband recently visited the Texas School Book Depository in Dallas. Looking out the sixth-floor window from which Oswald allegedly fired on Kennedy's motorcade helped reaffirm the retired school employee's faith in the Warren Commission conclusion that Oswald was the lone gunman."Some skepticism is always justified," the 68-year-old Houston-area woman said. "I just think when people take it to extremes, they lose me."According to the AP-GfK survey, conducted in mid-April, 59 percent of Americans think multiple people were involved in a conspiracy to kill the president, while 24 percent think Oswald acted alone, and 16 percent are unsure. A 2003 Gallup poll found that 75 percent of Americans felt there was a conspiracy.The Oswald-acted-alone results, meanwhile, are the highest since the period three years after the assassination, when 36 percent said one man was responsible for Kennedy's death.Robert Mawyer of Blairsville, Ga., is one of them. The 44-year-old IT salesman recently finished reading Bill O'Reilly's "Killing Kennedy." Assuming all of that information is correct, he has no problem accepting that Oswald went solo."The Warren Commission says that's what happened, so I tend to believe that, I guess," he said. But, he added, "I don't suppose anybody can be completely positive."Jon Genova is positive that no one person could have pulled off this crime."There are just a number of factors that don't seem to zero out in my mind," the 46-year-old Denver mechanical engineer said. "How some evidence seemed to be suppressed, and the results are sealed for how many years? And the fact that … it just seemed like the whole political winds change at the point when Kennedy was assassinated. It just seemed as if he was probably an impediment."Those who were adults in 1963 were almost as likely as younger Americans to say that Kennedy's killing was a conspiracy involving multiple people — 55 percent, compared to 61 percent.As for who might have been behind a conspiracy, Genova's money is on the Central Intelligence Agency. Casati, who wouldn't divulge her rank or military occupation, was a little more circumspect."I will tell you that Jack Kennedy was too much of his own person," she said. "And he made decisions that were not popular with some agencies, as far as I'm concerned."The Associated Press-GfK Poll was conducted April 11-15, 2013 by GfK Roper Public Affairs and Corporate Communications. It involved landline and cellphone interviews with 1,004 adults nationwide. Results for the full sample have a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.9 percentage points; it is larger for subgroups.


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Uberlife API - Followers
Uberlife is a location-based socializing application. Users share when and where they want to hang out with their network and discover other hang outs happening near them. The API lets users access data stored by Uberlife. Methods include HangoutIdea, CloseFriends, Venues, Messages and more. The API uses RESTful calls and responses are formatted in JSON.


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San Francisco (July 28, 2012) – Richmond, Va. attorney Steven D. Benjamin was sworn in today as President of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL) at its 54th Annual Meeting in San Francisco. Mr. Benjamin has previously served the Association as its President-Elect, First- and Second Vice-President, Treasurer, and Secretary, as well as several terms on the Board of Directors.
Mr. Benjamin is an attorney in private practice with the Richmond, Va. firm of Benjamin & DesPortes. In addition to his private practice, he serves as Special Counsel to the Virginia Senate Courts of Justice Committee, and is a member of the Virginia Board of Forensic Science and the Virginia Indigent Defense Commission. A Past President of the Virginia Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and a Fellow of the American Board of Criminal Lawyers, Mr. Benjamin is a 2003 recipient of the Virginia State Bar's Lewis F. Powell Pro Bono Award and is a frequent national lecturer on criminal justice.
Much of his career has been devoted to criminal justice reform. As Special Counsel to the Virginia State Crime Commission, he assisted in the creation of Virginia's Writs of Actual Innocence, and helped draft the procedure enacted by the Virginia General Assembly to restore appellate rights lost solely because of attorney error. When biological evidence was discovered in more than 20 years of old case files stored in Virginia's crime laboratories, he helped persuade state political leadership to order statewide DNA testing. When the pace of that testing stalled, he worked to obtain the passage of legislation mandating effective notification of interested parties that this new evidence had been found.
Mr. Benjamin was counsel in the landmark Virginia Supreme Court decision recognizing a constitutional right to forensic expert assistance at state expense for indigent defendants. In other cases, he argued through the trial courts and on appeal that Virginia's mandatory fee caps on compensation for court-appointed counsel deprived indigent defendants of conflict-free representation, and he led the litigation and legislative effort to abolish those caps. At the request of former Virginia Supreme Court Chief Justice Leroy R. Hassell, Sr., Mr. Benjamin helped establish and chair an annual Advanced Indigent Defense Training Seminar to draw top lecturers from across the country to train Virginia's defenders at no cost. With his longtime law partner Betty Layne DesPortes, he won the non-DNA exoneration and release of a man serving a life sentence for a murder he did not commit, and he argued in the United States Supreme Court that a Richmond trespassing policy violated the free speech rights of public housing residents.
Speaking to the Board of Directors and the assembled criminal defense bar in San Francisco, Mr. Benjamin outlined several goals for the Association and defense bar during his term:
Continuing his remarks, Mr. Benjamin spoke of the role and motivation of criminal defense lawyers. "We became lawyers because we believe in freedom, the inherent worth of the individual, and the fair and equal protection of the law. We became lawyers because we fear the unchecked power of government just as we fear the irrational hatred and blood lust of an angry mob. We became lawyers because we are incapable of walking away from injustice, and because we understand a moral obligation to stand up so that tyranny will never prevail."
Mr. Benjamin's telephone number is (804) 788-4444.
Follow Steve Benjamin on Twitter @stevebenjaminva. Steve's law firm is also on Facebook – "Like" them at Benjamin & DesPortes.
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Caramelized Apple Cake with Washington Apples
From La Boulange: Traditional pound cake with caramelized apples and brown sugar.
|Calories 270
|Calories from Fat 120
|% Daily Value*
|Total Fat 13g
|Saturated Fat 7g
|Trans Fat 0.5g
|Cholesterol 70mg
|Sodium 75mg
|Total Carbohydrate 35g
|Dietary Fiber 2g
|Sugars 24g
|Protein 3g
|*Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
|**Each caffeine value is an approximate value.
Allergy Information
Contains: Milk, Egg, Soy, Wheat
See ingredient and allergen information below.
Nutrition information is calculated with data provided by the suppliers who manufacture food and beverage items for Starbucks Coffee Company. Variations may exist due to periodic changes in formulations.
Nutrition information is calculated with data provided by the suppliers who manufacture food and beverage items for Starbucks Coffee Company. Variations may exist due to periodic changes in formulations. Serving sizes may vary from those used to calculate nutrition information. We attempt to provide product information that is as complete as possible. Product changes or new product introductions may cause this information to become outdated or incomplete. Data is rounded to meet current U.S. FDA NLEA guidelines. Percentage data for vitamins and minerals refers to percentage of U.S. Daily Values for a 2,000 calorie diet. Products may vary from location to location. Our foods and beverages are produced and stored in environments where known allergens are present.
diced apples (apples, calcium ascorbate, ascorbic acid and citric acid [to maintain freshness and color]), sugar, enriched flour (wheat flour, malted barley flour, niacin, reduced iron, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid), butter (cream, natural flavor), eggs, contains less than 2% of the following: spice, leavening (sodium acid pyrophosphate, baking soda, corn starch, monocalcium phosphate), sea salt, natural flavor, ascorbic acid, soy lecithin. contains: wheat, milk, egg, soy.
We cannot guarantee that any of our products are free from allergens (including dairy, eggs, soy, tree nuts, wheat and others) as we use shared equipment to store, prepare and serve them.
We've taken traditional pound cake and added caramelized apples and brown sugar to create the perfect balance of sweet and buttery cake and tart apple. Regionally sourced apples and brown sugar combine for the delicious flavors that remind you of home.
Did you know
Washington state produces more apples than any other state in the US. In fact about 60% of US apples are grown there. (New York state is number 2—accounting for roughly 10% of US apple production).
Currently Available


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WASHINGTON — Among US House members, Representative John Tierney leads the Massachusetts delegation in amount of dollars raised during the first quarter of the year, followed by freshman representative Joseph Kennedy III, according to fund-raising reports due to the Federal Election Commission Monday.
Tierney, a Salem Democrat who survived a tough reelection battle last November and is expected to face another in 2014, raised $264,130, the highest he has ever raised in the first quarter of a non-election year, his campaign said.
Kennedy, a Brookline Democrat and a prolific fund-raiser who recently created a leadership political action committee to raise higher amounts as Democrats try to win back the House at the midterm election, raised $239,105 in the first quarter.
Representative Richard Neal of Springfield raised $199,138, followed by James McGovern of Worcester with $132,589 and Niki Tsongas of Lowell with $75,921. And at the bottom of the pack are William Keating of Bourne and Michael Capuano of Somerville, who raised $44,845 and $42,825, respectively.
The federal fund-raising reports did not include the numbers for Representatives Stephen Lynch and Edward Markey, who are vying for Secretary of State John Kerry's former seat in the US Senate. The candidates temporarily suspended their campaigns following Monday's bombings at the Boston Marathon.
Lynch's campaign had previously reported that he raised $1.5 million in the first quarter for his Senate bid. Markey's campaign has not released its numbers but is expected to do so soon. Fund-raising reports for the special election are due Thursday.
Senator Elizabeth Warren reported raising $330,173 in the first quarter, but has just $164,845 in cash on hand after paying debt left over from her campaign to defeat Scott Brown.Tracy Jan can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow her on Twitter @GlobeTracyJan.


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Trump: 'I am truly not involved in any form of collusion with Russia'
WASHINGTON (Sinclair Broadcast Group) - At the White House Thursday, President Donald Trump gave his first one-on-one interview since Tuesday's deadly terrorist attack in New York to "Full Measure's" Sharyl Attkisson.
Speaking frankly about special prosecutor Robert Mueller's investigation into Russia's role in the 2016 election, Trump said he had nothing to do with any collusion.
"Well I hope [Mueller]'s treating everything fairly, and if he is, I'm going to be very happy," he said.
"I am truly not involved in any form of collusion with Russia."
To see the full interview, be sure to watch this Sunday on "Full Measure."


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The Rebirth Of TransWorld SURF
The latest issue of TransWorld SURF is a complete rebirth. We've changed everything—even the logo we've had since day one. And as you've probably noticed, we launched our new website last week.
We're hyped. So what better way to celebrate a birth than to throw a rager at the local bar?
Last Thursday night our good friends at Nixon threw down a credit card and opened the bar at the world famous Daley Double Saloon in Encinitas, California. With all-vinyl DJ sets provided by friends and TransWorld family members as well as big giveaways from Sector 9, Insight, and Surftech everyone left happy.
Check out the new TransWorld SURF at a surf shop near you, or better yet, subscribe now! Lets do this.—Chris Coté
For more photos go to lifewithoutandy.com.


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29th July – Retreat FULL
- Yoga Sutra Shala Retreat
- Spain, Alicante, Valencia, Benissiva
- Jul 29 - Aug 3, 2018 (6 days)
- La Solana (twin shared option) - €495.00 El Misserat (twin shared option) - €645.00 L'Albureca (twin shared option) - €645.00 La Solana (non sharing) - €795.00 El Misserat (non sharing) - €995.00 L'Albureca…
About us
Yoga Sutra Shala is your Yoga Retreat Centre in Spain for learning Vinyasa Yoga. We pride ourselves on being the most unique yoga retreat centre in the world and giving you the best of what the world has to offer in terms of yoga, meditation, health, nutrition, organic food, relaxation, peace, mountain views, fresh air and everything else you can expect to find.
From your first day here we want you to feel as if you are at home and yet at a special place of peace. You will find yourself in a very friendly atmosphere and you will make friends with others like yourself from around the world.
Your yoga retreat centre or "shala" (meaning 'place of refuge' in Sanskrit), is one of the most unique places for finding inner peace: A special place that exists in the world, where you can develop how you want to. Your shala is a place to escape stress and learn to become relaxed, healthy and happy.
The founder of your yoga retreat centre, Namit, has a strong family tradition of yoga and has studied yoga all over the world, including in his native India. His background as a leading health professional allows him to apply and explain the health benefits of yoga scientifically and to a high level. As a result, his teaching system at Yoga Sutra Shala is one of the most developed, traditional, respected and original systems in the world. You will find that your yoga retreat is designed towards your wants and needs – to help you develop as an individual.
Typical Timetable
Your retreat opens on Sunday at 2pm with a delicious welcome lunch. You have the afternoon to settle in and your first yoga class is in the early evening.
On Friday you have your last yoga class, followed by a farewell brunch at 11am.
Your retreat closes at around 1.45pm.
The breaks include free time for nature walks, swimming, reading, self-practice, conscious cooking workshops, silence and time to oneself
Early Evening
At Yoga Sutra Shala, the system of teaching is based upon personalising the classes towards your needs and desires to help you learn and develop as you want to so please let us know if you want us to focus on any particular aspect of yoga during your stay with us.
Note that all the classes are optional during your yoga retreat. We want you to develop at your own pace and we want you to enjoy every moment of your stay with us.
- Air Conditioning in Rooms
- Free Wifi
- Pool
- Towels
- Free Parking
- Kitchen
- Tour Assistance
- Coffee/Tea
- Yoga Studio
- House-Keeping
Menu Types
- Vegan
- Vegetarian
- Organic
- Gluten Free
- Dairy Free
- Nut Free
ReviewsWrite a review - tell others about your experience.
Thank you!
We're glad you've joined our retreat community. See you around :)Return to my event ×


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Monday, January 16, 2006
Fig tarts with brown sugar mascarpone
Puff Pastry Tarts with Figs & Brown Sugar Mascarpone
I came across this simple yet delicious dessert in a donna hay magazine (Issue 20, Autumn 2005). I didn't change anything about it – though I did forget to dab the figs with butter before baking, and I'll do that next time as well.
Cut puff pastry into 10x5 cm rectangles, put onto a baking tray and sprinkle with caster sugar.
Cut ripe figs into quarters and place on the pastry sheets. Sprinkle with brown sugar.
Bake in a 200˚C oven for 15-20 minutes, until the pastry is puffed and golden brown.
Serve with a dollop mascarpone cheese that has been mixed with brown sugar (about 2 Tbsp of sugar per 250 gram tub of mascarpone).
Again, a really simple and tasty dessert that will definitely be a keeper. The two guests had not eaten figs before, and were totally converted.
Next time I will cut the puff pastry into small squares and top each with just a quarter of a fig – this way I'd get nice small desserts that can be eaten with fingers.
12 comments:
- Clare Eats said...
those tarts look so cute!
- 1:26 pm, January 16, 2006
- Kalyn said...
Sounds quite delicious. I'll be back for the Georgian Chicken Stew recipe.
- 3:58 pm, January 16, 2006
- bea at La Tartine Gourmande said...
Mmmm, this looks delicious and tempting!
- 9:15 pm, January 16, 2006
Everything looks very lush, treating yourself like that DAILY? Why, I can't remember what I had for lunch yesterday, or ever, it' s so unimpressive! Just wandering how you manage to keep your figure. Must have a metabolism to die for. gelous....
- 1:21 am, January 17, 2006
- Clivia said...
Wow! I like it when a minimum of effort gets such a gorgeous result! Short report: I got Nigella´s "Feast" yesterday and absolutely love it. Love it! I cannot understand I have not got one of her books before. But the thing is I didn´t like her TV show and then I didn´t care about her books either. What a writer she is! And wonderful recipes and photos. I want to cook everything, even soup of yellow peas which I never liked...
- 10:16 am, January 17, 2006
- Paz said...
Delicious! I like the idea that for the next time you plan on making it more finger sized food. I love the photo of the cut fig!
I've tagged you for the four meme here. I hope you can participate.
- 11:52 am, January 17, 2006
- Cindy said...
I love the idea. Great tarts. Thanks :)
- 12:12 pm, January 18, 2006
- sha said...
Pille I associate FIGS ON HOT SUMMER DAYS.. no one sell figs in Athens now. WE eat here following the season but this I will try when they start selling figs again or when I can get them from friends.
For me figs, temp going 40C, wasps ...
- 3:38 pm, January 18, 2006
- ilva said...
I'm gonna try these next summer! The only problem is to remember it! Wonderful idea!
- 3:02 pm, January 19, 2006
- Pille said...
Clare & Bea & Cindy - thank you. I made "mini" versions this Tuesday, and these were even cuter:)
Kalyn - I'll post the Georgian Chicken Stew recipe soon, and will submit it for the Weekend Herb Blogging as well.
Roxie - well, I deserve to be treated daily, no? That's not true, I have plenty of non-memorable eating days. Re: the figure & metabolism - I guess I'm reasonably lucky. Until I was 20, I could eat anything (incl. copious amounts of chocolate) and still be just below 50kg at 1,70m - without going to the gym. Decade later, this is sadly no longer a case:)
Clivia - exactly. I should start giving stars for little effort/great result. I'm glad to hear you like the "Feast" - looking forward to reading how you get on with it!
Paz - I will post a picture of mini tarts soon!
Sha - if I'd try to eat only following the seasons here in Scotland, I'd never eat figs:(
And somehow the ones available here at the moment are incredibly aromatic, juicy and flavoursome. My Italian guest the other day (when I made mini versions) was impressed with the figs. But otherwise I totally agree with you. I'll be hopefully spending about 2 weeks in Greece this June, and I'm looking forward to eating the fruits that are in season then..
Ilva - I can always remind you by sending you a link to this post when I hear that figs are in season in Italy:)
- 3:31 pm, January 19, 2006
- keiko said...
Pille, these tarts are so pretty - they must taste as good as they look!
- 3:53 am, January 20, 2006
- Pille said...
Thanks, Keiko - considering that you make most beautiful cakes and tarts, your compliment is very much appreciated:)
- 3:39 pm, January 27, 2006


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Houston Pride: Dancing, Dining, Divas & Diving on the Bayou
Long ago Houston shed the remains of an outdated image as a sleepy Southern city to emerge as an economic dynamo and the fourth-largest city in the country. If you have any doubts that this is one of the most progressive American cities, consider this: The city's electorate have twice voted in a lesbian, Annise Parker, as mayor -- far and away the largest city in the nation to have an out-gay chief executive. Hear that, San Francisco?
The city's Pride celebrations similarly have exploded in recent years from a small local event to a regional one to one that brings in visitors from way beyond Texas and Louisiana. This being Texas, no one knows the meaning of "small," and this year's Houston Pride promises to be one of the biggest in the country, with the most varied roster of events.
Bette & Thelma
If you're a fan of Bette Midler (and if you're not, what are you doing on this site?), then you absolutely have to attend the Saturday, June 16, concert, when the city's Gay Men's Chorus presents "I'm Beautiful, Dammit: A Tribute to Bette Midler." Bring a mermaid outfit, if you really want to be in the swim. Go to this website for information and a link to ticket sales.
A real-live musical icon makes an appearance on Friday, June 22, when "Rainbow on the Green" presents Thelma Houston, whose cover of "Don't Leave Me This Way" was one of the biggest disco hits and still gets plenty of airplay and DJ rotations.
Houston is responsible for a huge number of hits, but for my money, nothing tops the soul-inflected Morning Music ballad, "Saturday Night, Sunday Morning." If you're not familiar with it, have a listen:
Get information here to this don't-miss event.
Pro Soccer, Fine Dining & Models in Underwear
If, like me, you prefer buff men in shorts who actually have to run their hearts out playing real football (OK, "soccer") to the American version, watch the Houston Dynamos take on Toronto FC on June 20. It's "Pride Dyno-Night," so do the Wave with your fellow LGBT sports fans. Information here.
Houston cuisine has long been associated with three major aspects of the city's culture. As one of the nation's largest ports, it serves up the delicacies of the Gulf of Mexico; Tex-Mex, of course; and, this being Texas, beef.
On Monday, June 18, you can "Dine With Pride" at Canopy, one of the city's finest restaurants. Located in the heart of the Montrose gayborhood, Canopy offers upscale versions of everything Houston, with a locavore accent present in a locally farmed cheese plate. There's comfort food like mac-and-cheese, here cooked with white cheddar, scallions and applewood smoked bacon.
Not ordering these two dishes -- chill relleno, here made with an array of vegetables, Mexican cheeses, roasted tomatillo salsa and chipotle creme; and the grilled shrimp salad -- is like going to New York without a slice of pizza and "bagel with a shmeer." Bring a friend so you can share.
Get more information here.
What would Pride be without hot models in underwear and skimpy swimsuits? I don't even want to consider it. On Tuesday, June 19, South Beach is offering a free fashion show. Watch buff, tanned men strut their stuff while barely being covered by Aussie Bum, Bayou Beau Underwear, Paul Ferrer Texas, Skimpeez and Go Softwear, among others.
Everybody Dance Now
The big dance party happens Friday, June 22, at "Wonderland," where the 130,000-square-foot Bayou Music Center will be transformed into an "Alice in Wonderland" extravaganza. Expect aerial performances, drag performers and hot go-go dancers, all while you work it to DJ Michael Tank's grooves. Tank has played everywhere from Miami's White and Winter parties to a Circuit party in Singapore. Information here.
If you need to cool down, get wet at the Sunday, June 17, "Salvation Pool Party" at megaclub Roak. Cast away your sins on the dance floor. And remember to undress for success. (in other words, wear a bathing suit!)
There will also be a talent show leading up to Saturday, June 23. The Gay Pride Festival, which runs from 1 to 7 p.m. features exhibitors, entertainment, special areas for kids and a local history exhibit curated by Rice University. It's followed by the largest parade in the Southwest, when politicians, organizations, celebrities and everyone else march in Montrose.
This is the city where the lawsuit originated that ended up striking down discriminatory sodomy statues nationwide. Gay men and lesbians fought hard for their place at the table -- a table they're now heading. Today's Houston is a multicultural, cultural, happening place with Texas-wide smiles. Come down the bayou, and leave your cares (and attitude) at home.


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Di Vaio's hat trick too much as Montreal holds off Union
Montreal, QC – Marco Di Vaio scored early and often as he recorded a first-half hat trick to lead the Montreal Impact to a 5-3 win over the Philadelphia Union at Saputo Stadium.
Di Vaio got started almost immediately when he scored his first goal inside of two minutes from an Andrew Wenger cross.
The Union have a clinical finisher as well in the form of Jack McInerney, and he tallied his ninth goal of the campaign a few minutes later to level the match after a pass from Michael Farfan.
Montreal restored its lead in the 28th when a well-weighted chip from Justin Mapp found Di Vaio in behind the Union defense and he easily slotted his shot past goalkeeper Zac MacMath.
The hat trick was complete four minutes later with Andres Romero playing provider with a cross from the end line that Di Vaio volleyed home.
Antoine Hoppenot pulled the Union to within a goal in the 69th when his attempted cross from the right wing sailed over the head of Impact goalkeeper Troy Perkins and inside the far post, only for Wenger to head home Felipe's corner kick five minutes later to make it 4-2 to the home side.
Sebastien Le Toux handed the Union a lifeline with a goal in the 85th, but Montreal rookie Blake Smith tallied his first MLS goal shortly before the final whistle to put the result away.


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Chris Brown Cancels Summer Concerts After Probation Hearing
Chris Brown's mandatory community labor is putting a cramp in his touring schedule.
The NY Times reports that the 'Fine China' crooner canceled several concerts in Canada in light of the ruling.
Breezy was to be the headliner at the Energy Rush festival, with stops in Halifax, Toronto, Saint John and Winnipeg. The producer of the event now says that the shows won't happen "in light of the performer's [Chris Brown's] recent personal and health-related issues."
The Energy Rush festival shows will be postponed until next year.
Brown's publicist, Nicole Perna, said he will use the time off to focus on his sixth studio LP, 'X,' but regrets that he won't be able to perform for his Canadian fans.
"Chris appreciates the support of his many thousands of fans north of the border," said Perna. "He is going to use this time to focus on himself and on the release of his upcoming album. Chris looks forward to performing in Canada very soon."
As for his community labor, Breezy can reportedly do activities like highway cleanup, beach cleanup, graffiti removal and alternative services for his labor hours.
This comes after the courts found that Chris's previous community service record was not totally accurate. TMZ claims that the district attorney believes the 'Deuces' singer violated his probation by submitting false community service reports such as claiming he was cleaning trash when he was vacationing in Cancun.


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Shower tray Rectangular
Shower tray Rectangular
- O.novo shower trays impress with a streamlined look and great comfort
- A rectangular shower tray solution for narrow bathrooms
- Shower tray is installed on top of the bathroom tiles
- Shower tray installed on a plinth
- An acrylic shower tray is strong, easy to clean and enduringly beautiful
- Choose from our selection of colour shower trays for a unique bathroom design
Plan your dream bathroom now with this product:Open the Bathroom Planner
Are you a professional?View technical data
Product description
O.novo – Unexpectedly different
O.novo shower trays impress with their timeless design and an optional high-quality anti-slip surface. For a relaxing spa experience in your own bathroom: natural, stylish and simple. Our O.novo shower trays are available in three shades of white and different models and sizes - a collection of strong and stylish highlights for your bathroom.
- Thanks to their timeless design, O.novo shower trays, washbasins, baths, bidets and more ensure a modern look across the board
- O.novo bathroom ceramic is resistant and easy to clean
- O.novo shower trays and baths can also be supplied with an optional anti-slip coating
- O.novo products allow different installation options
Product type
Rectangular shower trays - classic yet distinctive
A new interpretation of the traditional square shower: the rectangular shower tray. Installed flush against the bathroom wall or in a corner, a rectangular shower tray is an ideal choice even for narrow bathrooms. Rectangular shower trays provide lots of room lengthwise and appear more spacious than their square counterparts - perfect for relaxing spa moments in your own bathroom.
- Available in different sizes and colours - to suit any bathroom layout and taste
- Can be installed as a walk-in shower
- A rectangular shower tray can also be used to replace a bath of the same shape
- Large, rectangular shower trays allow the creation of a dry entrance area
Product feature
Shower tray installation type - surface-mounted
Surface-mounted shower trays have a rim of 2-4 cm and can be installed easily even in bathrooms with low floor depths. The low rim ensures no distraction from the open feeling in the room, while clearly differentiating the shower area from the rest of the bathroom. The shower tray is not quite flush-fitting, but its very flat design allows safer and more comfortable entry.
- Flat shower tray with a rim of 2-4 cm
- Allows comfortable, safe entry and exit from the shower
- Surface-mounted shower trays need only a small foundation
- Suitable for installation in bathrooms with a low floor depth
Product feature
Shower tray installation type - on a base
Shower trays on a pedestal or plinth are suitable for any bathroom and are available in a very wide range of models. Pedestal shower trays are ideal for bathrooms with a low floor depth as the water outlet can be located directly in the base of the shower tray. The pedestal blends harmoniously with the overall effect of the bathroom and opens up options for individual design - find your favourite model.
- Suitable for thin floors
- The water outlet for the shower is concealed inside the pedestal
- Individual design options for the base, e.g. with coordinating tiles
- Shower tray sits higher, requiring more defined entry and exit
45 years of acrylic expertise
Villeroy & Boch has been producing acrylic shower trays and acrylic baths since 1969 thanks to the material's outstanding properties: unbreakable, colour-fast and with a long lasting sheen, smooth and yet anti-slip, easy to clean and can be moulded into any shape. Besides being ideal for contemporary bathroom design, acrylic also feels warm, and almost soft, against the skin.
- Non-porous, easy-care material
- Resistant to impacts and breakage - but if a blemish should occur, acrylic can be repaired effectively, leaving no residue.
- Acrylic offers long lasting colour-fastness and retains its sheen
- Acrylic is gentle to the skin - it feels warm and soft
Optional features
Optional customisation
Coloured shower trays - for more individuality in the bathroom
White is a classic colour for bathroom sanitary fittings. However, for all those in search of a different look or very harmonious bathroom design, Villeroy & Boch offers a variety of colour shower trays. Depending on the model, these shower trays are available in a selection of matt or gloss colours and patterns - perfect for creating highlights and adding and a stylish individual note to the bathroom!
- Available in various gloss and matt colours
- Coloured shower trays can be coordinated with the tiles to create a harmonious look in the bathroom
- Create highlights in your bathroom with patterned shower trays
- Colour shower trays open up scope for individual bathroom design
Technical information
|900 mm
|60 mm
|1200 mm
|15 kg
|Product designation
|Shower tray
Technical information:: Height incl. polystyrene foam support 195 mm., Shower trays incl. slip resistance are only available in white alpin (01)., The installation height of the shower tray can be reduced by 30 mm if the Viega outlet fitting art. no. 634 100 is used. Please note: this outlet fitting does not conform to EN 274., Drainage Ø: 90 mm. Not included in scope of delivery:: All shower trays are supplied without support/base.. Diameter: 90 mm


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I have been told that an increase in ellagic acid through certain fruits can help in the prevention of cancer. I know there is more than that but can it help.
Ellagic acid, a phytonutrient, is found in berries and red grapes. There is some evidence that suggests that it is associated with a decreasing risk for some cancers There are numerous other phytochemicals that have also been associated with a decreased risk of certain cancers as well as other chronic diseases. There is still much that we don't know. It is recommended to eat a variety of different fruits and vegetables in order to obtain the health benefits associated with them. You can find out more about ellagic acid and other phytonutrients in our Phytochemical Information Center.


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By Lang Whitaker, NBA.com
ALL BALL NERVE CENTER — The Atlanta Hawks currently have a 2-1 lead over the Indiana Pacers, which is probably the most surprising result of the playoffs thus far. Yes, the Pacers have struggled recently, but the Hawks are still the 8 seed and are playing without their All-Star center, Al Horford, who is out injured.
On Saturday afternoon, the Hawks will host the Pacers for Game 4 of the series, when they try to take a 3-1 lead. And before the game, the Hawks are going to let their fans pound a Pacer, literally, all for a good cause.
This Pacer is a 1976 Pacer — no, not a member of the '76 Pacers, but an AMC Pacer car.
According to the Hawks…
For a donation of $5, you can take a swing at the car pictured above (horrible Pacers colors by the way), and your donation will go to the Atlanta Hawks Foundation.
The car will be set up outside of the Philips Arena box office prior to the Hawks' 2 p.m. tip off against the Pacers in Game 4 Saturday. Join your fellow Hawks fans in pounding the Pacer before Atlanta aims to take a 3-1 series lead on the "other" Pacers.
The Atlanta Hawks Foundation, by the way, is pretty amazing. It aims to improve quality of life of Georgia youth by inspiring them to develop a passion for learning and a commitment to physical fitness and recreation, so your money is going to help Atlanta-area children.