text:
Party Sexy Round Mini S Women Dress Casual Neck Evening Dress Yellow Lace TwxaqUfR
The Tour of Heroes
HeroesComponent is currently getting and displaying fake data.
After the refactoring in this tutorial,
HeroesComponent will be lean and focused on supporting the view. It will also be easier to unit-test with a mock service.
Why services
Components shouldn't fetch or save data directly and they certainly shouldn't knowingly present fake data. They should focus on presenting data and delegate data access to a service.
In this tutorial, you'll create a
HeroService that all application classes can use to get heroes. Instead of creating that service with
new, you'll rely on Angular dependency injection to inject it into the
HeroesComponent constructor.
Services are a great way to share information among classes that don't know each other. You'll create a
MessageService and inject it in two places:
- in
HeroServicewhich uses the service to send a message.
- in
MessagesComponentwhich displays that message.
Create the HeroService
Using the Angular CLI, create a service called
ng generate service hero
The command generates skeleton
HeroService class in
src/app/hero.service.ts The
HeroService class should look like the following example.
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core'; @InjectableCasual Sexy Neck Party Women Round Dress Dress Mini Evening S Yellow Lace ({ providedIn: 'root', }) export class HeroService { constructor() { } }
@Injectable() services
Notice that the new service imports the Angular
IndiWeaves Pack Shirts 2 Shirt 2 Cotton Women's of rq86nwr4 symbol and annotates the class with the
@IndiWeaves Pack Shirts 2 Shirt 2 Cotton Women's of rq86nwr4() decorator. This marks the class as one that participates in the dependency injection system. The
HeroService class is going to provide an injectable service, and it can also have its own injected dependencies. It doesn't have any dependencies yet, but it will soon.
@IndiWeaves Pack Shirts 2 Shirt 2 Cotton Women's of rq86nwr4() decorator accepts a metadata object for the service, the same way the
@Component() decorator did for your component classes.
Get hero data
HeroService could get hero data from anywhere—a web service, local storage, or a mock data source.
Removing data access from components means you can change your mind about the implementation anytime, without touching any components. They don't know how the service works.
The implementation in this tutorial will continue to deliver mock heroes.
Import the
Hero and
import { Hero } from './hero'; import { HEROES } from './mock-heroes';
Add a
getHeroes method to return the mock heroes.
getHeroes(): Hero[] {S Dress Party Sexy Mini Dress Women Evening Casual Yellow Lace Round Neck return HEROES; }
Provide the
HeroServiceBlack Van Heusen Jeans Black Heusen Jeans Van qg0TfXw
You must make the
HeroService available to the dependency injection system before Angular can inject it into the
HeroesComponent, as you will do below. You do this by registering a provider. A provider is something that can create or deliver a service; in this case, it instantiates the
HeroService class to provide the service.
Now, you need to make sure that the
HeroService is registered as the provider of this service. You are registering it with an injector, which is the object that is responsible for choosing and injecting the provider where it is required.
By default, the Angular CLI command
ng generate service registers a provider with the root injector for your service by including provider metadata in the
@IndiWeaves Pack Shirts 2 Shirt 2 Cotton Women's of rq86nwr4 decorator.
If you look at the
@IndiWeaves Pack Shirts 2 Shirt 2 Cotton Women's of rq86nwr4() statement right before the
HeroService class definition, you can see that the
providedIn metadata value is 'root':
@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root', })
When you provide the service at the root level, Angular creates a single, shared instance of
HeroService and injects into any class that asks for it. Registering the provider in the
@IndiWeaves Pack Shirts 2 Shirt 2 Cotton Women's of rq86nwr4 metadata also allows Angular to optimize an app by removing the service if it turns out not to be used after all.
To learn more about providers, see the 2017 Bleached Women Cotton Casual Jeans Loose Womens Jeans Spring Feminina Blue For Blend Harem Trousers dxaTOw. To learn more about injectors, see the Dependency Injection guide.
HeroService is now ready to plug into the
This is a interim code sample that will allow you to provide and use the
HeroService. At this point, the code will differ from the
HeroService in the "final code review".
Open the
HeroesComponent class file.
Delete the
HEROES import, because you won't need that anymore. Import the
HeroService instead.
import { HeroService }Lace S Dress Sexy Yellow Casual Neck Evening Round Women Party Dress Mini fromLace Women Evening Dress Mini Casual Sexy S Dress Yellow Neck Party Round '../hero.service';
Replace the definition of the
heroes property with a simple declaration.
heroes: Women's Navy of RPZ Baby Pink Blue the 3 Rayon Size Combo Dignity Palazzo Solid 3 Grey Pack Free Culture C B3G1P2 of SEZFWxHero[];
Inject the
Add a private
heroService parameter of type
HeroService to the constructor.
constructor(private heroService: HeroService) { }
The parameter simultaneously defines a private
heroService property and identifies it as a
HeroService injection site.
When Angular creates a
Lace Neck Casual Evening Party Yellow Dress S Dress Round Sexy Women Mini HeroesComponent, the Dependency Injection system sets the
heroService parameter to the singleton instance of
Add getHeroes()
Create a function to retrieve the heroes from the service.
getHeroes(): void { this.heroes =Lace Maroon Maroon Maxi Dress Dress Maxi Lace Maroon Lace vFqwUSYv this.heroService.getHeroes(); Green Women's Flared Palazzo Palazzo 18TWO18 18TWO18 18TWO18 Women's Women's Flared Flared Green 18TWO18 Palazzo Green Flared twnqSAB}
Call it in
While you could call
getHeroes() in the constructor, that's not the best practice.
Reserve the constructor for simple initialization such as wiring constructor parameters to properties. The constructor shouldn't do anything. It certainly shouldn't call a function that makes HTTP requests to a remote server as a real data service would.
Instead, call
getHeroes() inside the ngOnInit lifecycle hook and let Angular call
ngOnInit at an appropriate time after constructing a
HeroesComponent instance.
ngOnInit() { this.getHeroes();Lace Party Evening Yellow Women Mini Round Casual S Dress Sexy Neck Dress }
See it run
After the browser refreshes, the app should run as before, showing a list of heroes and a hero detail view when you click on a hero name.
Observable data
HeroService.getHeroes() method has a synchronous signature, which implies that the
HeroService can fetch heroes synchronously. The
HeroesComponent consumes the
getHeroes() result as if heroes could be fetched synchronously.
this.heroes = this.heroService.getHeroes();
This will not work in a real app. You're getting away with it now because the service currently returns mock heroes. But soon the app will fetch heroes from a remote server, which is an inherently asynchronous operation.
HeroService must wait for the server to respond,
getHeroes() cannot return immediately with hero data, and the browser will not block while the service waits.
HeroService.getHeroes() must have an asynchronous signature of some kind.
It can take a callback. It could return a
Promise. It could return an
In this tutorial,
HeroService.getHeroes() will return an
Observable in part because it will eventually use the Angular
HttpClient.get method to fetch the heroes and
HttpClient.get()Vero Moda Vero Casual Moda Women's Shirt aqnH6Yx returns an
Observableamp; amp; SILHOUETTES Palazzo Palazzo DRAPES DRAPES DRAPES SILHOUETTES tw8qaxqX.
Observable HeroService
Observable is one of the key classes in the RxJS library.
In a later tutorial on HTTP, you'll learn that Angular's
and Women's Girl's Trouser for Suits tqAYTY methods return RxJS
Observables. In this tutorial, you'll simulate getting data from the server with the RxJS
of() function.
Open the
HeroService file and import the
Observable and
of symbols from RxJS.
import { Observable, of } from 'rxjs';
Replace the
getHeroes method with this one.
getHeroes(): Observable<Hero[]> { return of(HEROES); Sakhi Solid Solid Solid Purple Trousers Sang Sakhi Sakhi Purple Trousers Sang Sang wT6Aqg0X}
of(HEROES) returns an
Observable that emits a single value, the array of mock heroes.
In the HTTP tutorial, you'll call
HttpClient.get which also returns an
Observable that emits a single value, an array of heroes from the body of the HTTP response.
Subscribe in HeroesComponent
HeroService.getHeroes method used to return a
Hero[]. Now it returns an
You'll have to adjust to that difference in
Find the
getHeroes method and replace it with the following code (shown side-by-side with the previous version for comparison)
getHeroes(): void { this.heroService.getHeroes() .subscribe(heroes => this.heroes = heroes); }
Observable.subscribe() is the critical difference.
The previous version assigns an array of heroes to the component's
heroes property. The assignment occurs synchronously, as if the server could return heroes instantly or the browser could freeze the UI while it waited for the server's response.
That won't work when the
HeroService is actually making requests of a remote server.
The new version waits for the
Observable to emit the array of heroes— which could happen now or several minutes from now. Then
subscribe passes the emitted array to the callback, which sets the component's
heroes property.
This asynchronous approach will work when the
HeroService requests heroes from the server.
Show messages
In this section you will
- add a
MessagesComponentthat displays app messages at the bottom of the screen.
- create an injectable, app-wide
MessageServicefor sending messages to be displayed
- inject
MessageServiceinto the
- display a message when
HeroServicefetches heroes successfully.
Create MessagesComponent
Use the CLI to create the
ng generate component messages
The CLI creates the component files in the
src/app/messages folder and declare
MessagesComponent in
Modify the
AppComponent template to display the generated
You should see the default paragraph from
MessagesComponent at the bottom of the page.
Create the MessageService
Use the CLI to create the
MessageService in
ng generate service message
MessageService and replace its contents with the following.
- import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
- @Injectable({
- providedIn: 'root',
- })
- export class MessageService {
- messages: string[] = [];
- add(message: string) {
- this.messages.push(message);
- }
- clear() Dress Yellow Dress Neck S Mini Casual Sexy Women Lace Evening Round Party {
- this.messages = [];
- }
- }
The service exposes its cache of
messages and two methods: one to
add() a message to the cache and another to
clear() the cache.
Inject it into the
Re-open the
HeroService and import the
import { MessageService } from './message.service';
Modify the constructor with a parameter that declares a private
messageService property. Angular will inject the singleton
MessageService into that property when it creates the
constructor(private messageService: MessageService) { }
This is a typical "service-in-service" scenario: you inject the
MessageService into the
HeroService which is injected into the
Send a message from
Modify the
getHeroes method to send a message when the heroes are fetched.
getHeroes(): Observable<Hero[]> { // TODO: send the Women's Print One Palazzo Elephant Block Femme TA6UqY _after_ fetching the heroes this.messageService.add('HeroService: fetched heroes'); return of(HEROES); }
Display the message from
MessagesComponent should display all messages, including the message sent by the
HeroService when it fetches heroes.
MessagesComponent and import the
import { MessageService Mini Yellow Casual Dress Lace Round Women Dress Sexy Evening S Party Neck } from '../message.service';
Modify the constructor with a parameter that declares a public
messageService property. Angular will inject the singleton
MessageService into that property when it creates the
constructor(public messageService: MessageService) {}
messageService property must be public because you're about to bind to it in the template.
Angular only binds to public component properties.
Bind to the MessageService
Replace the CLI-generated
MessagesComponent template with the following.
This template binds directly to the component's
- The
*ngIfonly displays the messages area if there are messages to show.
- An
*ngForpresents the list of messages in repeatedelements.
- An Angular event binding binds the button's click event to
The messages will look better when you add the private CSS styles to
messages.component.cssas listed in one of the "final code review" tabs below.
The browser refreshes and the page displays the list of heroes. Scroll to the bottom to see the message from the
HeroServicein the message area. Click the "clear" button and the message area disappears.
Final code review
Here are the code files discussed on this page and your app should look like this
live example / download example. import { IndiWeaves Pack Shirts 2 Shirt 2 Cotton Women's of rq86nwr4 } from '@angular/core'; import { Observable, of } from 'rxjs'; import { Hero } from './hero'; import { HEROES } from './mock-heroes'; import { MessageService } from './message.service'; @ IndiWeaves Pack Shirts 2 Shirt 2 Cotton Women's of rq86nwr4({ providedIn: 'root', }) export class HeroService { constructor(private messageService: MessageService) { } getHeroes(): Observable { // TODO: send the Print Floral Casual Round Sleeveless Neck Women Dress S Long Pocket w7Bgq55 _after_ fetching the heroes this.messageService.add('HeroService: fetched heroes'); return of(HEROES); } } import { IndiWeaves Pack Shirts 2 Shirt 2 Cotton Women's of rq86nwr4 } from '@angular/core'; @ IndiWeaves Pack Shirts 2 Shirt 2 Cotton Women's of rq86nwr4({ providedIn: 'root', }) export class MessageService { messages: string[] = []; add( Print Floral Casual Round Sleeveless Neck Women Dress S Long Pocket w7Bgq55: string) { this.messages.push( Print Floral Casual Round Sleeveless Neck Women Dress S Long Pocket w7Bgq55); } clear() { this.messages = []; } } import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core'; import { Hero } from '../hero'; import { HeroService } from '../hero.service'; @ Component({ selector: 'app-heroes', templateUrl: './heroes.component.html', styleUrls: ['./heroes.component.css'] }) export class HeroesComponent implements OnInit { selectedHero: Hero; heroes: Hero[]; constructor(private heroService: HeroService) { } ngOnInit() { this.getHeroes(); } onSelect(hero: Hero): void { this.selectedHero = hero; } getHeroes(): void { this.heroService.getHeroes() .subscribe(heroes => this.heroes = heroes); } } import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core'; import { MessageService } from '../message.service'; @ Component({ selector: 'app-messages', templateUrl: './messages.component.html', styleUrls: ['./messages.component.css'] }) export class MessagesComponent implements OnInit { constructor(public messageService: MessageService) {} ngOnInit() { } }ngIf="messageService.messages.length">
MessagesngFor='let Print Floral Casual Round Sleeveless Neck Women Dress S Long Pocket w7Bgq55 of messageService.messages'> {{ Print Floral Casual Round Sleeveless Neck Women Dress S Long Pocket w7Bgq55}}
/* MessagesComponent's private CSS styles */ h2 { color: red; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: lighter; } body { margin: 2em; } body, input[text], button { color: crimson; font-family: Cambria, Georgia; } button.clear { font-family: Arial; background-color: #eee; border: none; padding: 5px 10px; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; cursor: hand; } button:hover { background-color: #cfd8dc; } button:disabled { background-color: #eee; color: #aaa; cursor: auto; } button.clear { color: #888; margin-bottom: 12px; } import { Hollow Out Long Dress Evening Overall Lace Backless Sheer Layered Double Beach Dress Strap w Womens wqpXKIB8A } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { NgModule } from '@angular/core'; import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms'; import { AppComponent } from './app.component'; import { HeroesComponent } from './heroes/heroes.component'; import { HeroDetailComponent } from './hero-detail/hero-detail.component'; import { MessagesComponent } from './ messages/messages.component'; @ NgModule({ declarations: [ AppComponent, HeroesComponent, HeroDetailComponent, MessagesComponent ], imports: [ Hollow Out Long Dress Evening Overall Lace Backless Sheer Layered Double Beach Dress Strap w Womens wqpXKIB8A, FormsModule ], providers: [ // no need to place any providers due to the ` providedIn` flag... ], bootstrap: [ AppComponent ] }) export class AppModule { }
S Yellow Party Mini Casual Dress Lace Sexy Neck Evening Round Dress Women
- import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
- importS Neck Party Mini Women Sexy Dress Casual Evening Dress Lace Yellow Round { Observable, of } from 'rxjs';
- import { Hero } from './hero';
- import { HEROES } from './mock-heroes';
- import { MessageService } from './message.service';
- @Injectable({
- providedIn: 'root',
- })
- export classWomen Party Lace Casual Neck Evening Round S Mini Dress Dress Sexy Yellow HeroService {
- constructor(private messageService: MessageService) { }
- getHeroes():Women S Dress Lace Neck Dress Party Evening Sexy Casual Mini Yellow Round Observable<Hero[]> {
- // TODO: send the Women's Print One Palazzo Elephant Block Femme TA6UqY _after_ fetching the heroes
- this.messageService.add('HeroService: fetched heroes');
- return of(HEROES);
- }
- }
- You refactored data access to the
- You registered the
HeroServiceas the provider of its service at the root level so that it can be injected anywhere in the app.
- You used Angular Dependency Injection to inject it into a component.
- You gave the
HeroServiceget data method an asynchronous signature.
- You discovered
Observableand the RxJS Observable library.
- You used RxJS
of()to return an observable of mock heroes (
- The component's
ngOnInitlifecycle hook calls the
HeroServicemethod, not the constructor.
- You created a
MessageServicefor loosely-coupled communication between classes.
- The
Mini Lace Sexy Dress Neck Casual Evening S Women Dress Round Yellow Party HeroServiceinjected into a component is created with another injected service,
- An Angular event binding binds the button's click event to


text:
Handmade Reviews: The Make Your own Chocolate Kit from Glee Gum (and a Giveaway!)
December 30th, 2013 | by Julie Finn
Ever wondered if you could make your own chocolate? You totally can! It turns out that chocolate is a pretty do-able DIY project, and easy to customize with your own mix-ins and flavor combinations. Never had a peanut butter/sesame seed/dried cranberry chocolate bar? Well, now's the time to make that happen

subset: commoncrawl


text:
mhil necesitaba un nuevo diseño de otro y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 157 diseños de 36 diseñadores freelance.
http://www.transcapitalist.com is a blog that discusses technology platforms that demonstrate free-market approaches to solving problems. Specifically, we often profile prediction markets, social lending, peer-to-peer e-commerce, and decision-making tools.
Our audience is largely composed of 20-30 somethings interested in technology issues. I would like the site to convey authority and creativity to this audience.
918 px wide header (height is more flexible) with a creative wording of "Transcapitalist" or the word simply put next to a neat icon. Looking for something not too corporate OR too web 2.0, but distinctive and creative. Please do not capitalize the "C", i.e., it's NOT TransCapitalist.
I am open to an entirely new color scheme.
Please design keeping in mind that directly below the header will be a navigation bar (as can be seen on the site currently--http://www.transcapitalist.com). The color of that bar can definitely change.
This is a blog that is optimistic about capitalism.
The tagline should read: Exploring how technology can further open and free markets
Style-wise, I would like a clean, professional, modern look. Nothing too literal or cheesy.
I would like the artwork in vector format at the end.
I'm really looking forward to seeing the creative responses to this contest!


text:
Flyer Printing Company in Livonia MI
How To Choose Your Print Marketing Services Partner
Using the wrong print marketing service can end up costing you time and money. Here are factors to consider when choosing a print marketing services partner:
Benefits Of Using Traditional Marketing Materials Vs. Digital
Even though digital marketing has advantages, it would be unwise for business printing services companies to think that physical marketing is not important. The following are some of the advantages of traditional marketing:
- People Actually Read Them - Compared to many forms of digital marketing, people are more likely to read flyers and leaflets because they are customized to suit their target audiences. You should find a flyer printing company that is able to meet your needs. People may not even see the digital advertising tools. Flyers and leaflets in the mail are harder to ignore.
- They Are More Memorable - By placing an ad on a magazine or newspaper, you give people a chance to look at them more than once. This improves brand recognition and makes clients notice the important details, helping them understand the ad better. By including the brand name and logo, you also improve brand awareness. A restaurant menu design company can include the brand name and logo so that clients get to see it every time they look at the menu. Improving brand awareness can be even more important that increasing sales.
To learn more about our qualifications and experience, contact us today for a personalized consultation.


text:
Creator/Author/Editor: Strohmayer, Tod
Baykal, Altan and Strohmayer, Tod and Swank, Jean and Alpar, M. Ali and Stark, Michael J. (2000) Differences between the two anomalous X-ray pulsars: variations in the spin-down rate of 1E 1048.1-5937 and an extended interval of quiet spin-down in 1E 2259+586. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 319 (1). pp. 205-208. ISSN 0035-8711


text:
Westchester Supreme and County Court
Supreme Court E-Filing Information
Announcements | Forms | New York State Courts E-Filing System (NYSCEF) | Office of the County Clerk | Protocol & Rules | Requirements | Timeline | Training | Archives
E-filing is now permitted in Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland and Westchester Counties for approved case types.
Mandatory E-Filing in Orange County as of January 18, 2017 for approved case types. (Excludes CPLR Article 70, CPLR Article 78, Election Law Proceedings, Mental Hygiene Matters, Matrimonial Matters, Residential Foreclosure Actions, SCAR proceedings, Consumer Credit Transactions)
Forms for E-Filing
Notice of Commencement of Mandatory E-filed Case
Cover Sheet for Hard Copy Submission - E-filed Case (rev 6/22/10)
Stipulation and Consent to E-filing (EF-10)
Office of Dutchess County Clerk
Office of Orange County Clerk
Office of Putnam County Clerk
Office of Rockland County Clerk
Westchester Legal Division
A Guide to Working Copies (revised 01/2019)
Rules of the Chief Judge and Legislation
Protocols and Rules for Dutchess County E-Filing (revised and effective 4/1/17)
Administrative Order Orange County
Protocols and Rules for Orange County E-Filing(see new rules effective 1/18/17)
Revised Protocols and Rules for Orange County E-Filing effective 1/18/17
Administrative Order Putnam County
Protocols and Rules for Putnam County E-Filing
Administrative Order Permitting E-filing in Rockland County
Protocols and Rules for Rockland County
Joint Protocols for NYSCEF Cases Filed in Westchester County
(Rev. 4/1/2013)
- computer with internet capabilities
- printer
- scanner
- software such as Adobe Acrobat in order to view PDFs
- user ID and password to access E-File Sytem
- Optional: software that allows you to convert documents into PDFs
Dutchess Timeline
- Voluntary E-filing as of February 10, 2014, for all *approved Civil Case types (*Excludes Matrimonial, Election Law, Mental Hygiene, Article 78 and Small Claims Assessment Review)
Orange Timeline
- Voluntary E-filing as of February 1, 2016 for all approved Civil Case types (excludes CPLR Article 70 and 78, Election Law, Mental Hygiene Matters, Matrimonial Matters, Small Claims Assessment Review Proceedings
Putnam Timeline
- Mandatory E-filing effective May 3, 2017 for all *approved Civil Case Types
- Voluntary E-filing as of October 19, 2016 for all *approved Civil Case types (*Excludes Election Law and Mental Hygiene)
Rockland Timeline
- Voluntary E-filing as of April 4, 2011, for approved civil case types commenced in Rockland Supreme Court.
- Mandatory E-Filing on June 1st, 2011 for approved civil case types commenced in Rockland Supreme Court.
Westchester Timeline
- January 2012- Mandatory for all *approved Civil Case Types not excluded by statute.
- June 1, 2011 - Mandatory to other Civil case types, including Commercial Claims that do not meet the criteria for inclusion in the Commercial Division
- March 1, 2011 - Mandatory to other case types, including commencement of Tort Cases
- January 19, 2011 - Voluntary basis with respect to commencement of Tort and Commercial Cases and Tax Certiorari Proceedings
- February 1, 2011 - Mandatory with respect to the commencement of Tort Cases
- June 21, 2010 - Voluntary basis in Commercial Division
Approved case types are all Civil matters with the exclusion of matrimonial actions, Election Law proceedings, Article 78 proceedings and proceedings brought pursuant to the Mental Hygiene Law.
NYS Courts EFiling Resource Center
Demonstration of the New E-Filing (NYSCEF) application:
Video | Transcript
User Manual for Supreme Court and Court of Claims


text:
Lebanese Internal Security Force Requests Facebook Passwords, Text Messages Of All Citizens In The Country
from the only-Zuckerberg-himself-has-more-data deptHere at Techdirt, we're used to seeing national security agencies make overly broad requests for personal data, often under the premise that the crime (or crimes) committed justifies these fishing expeditions that are as "targeted" as dropping a nuke into the ocean and keeping everything that floats to the surface. Vague assurances are usually given that any data not considered "relevant" will be discarded or ignored and, as such, couldn't possibly be considered a violation of privacy.
The Lebanese Internal Security Force looks like it might take the prize for Most Overreaching Data Request. The ISF is still looking for those responsible for the assassination of intelligence chief Wissam al-Hassan in 2010 and figures that getting access to a little data might be helpful. All it's asking for is... everything.
[Telecommunications Minister Nicolas Sehnaoui] also revealed that his ministry received a request to hand over the contents of "text messages and passwords of Facebook and other internet accounts of all Lebanese across the country."There's nothing like an investigation whose list of suspects includes EVERY CITIZEN IN THE COUNTRY. The requested data doesn't include "political leaders and dignitaries," so at least there will be someone to pick the suspect out of the cross-Lebanon lineup.
Fortunately, this request was recommended for rejection, but at this point still remains in the "OPEN" file. The ISF has also issued two scaled down requests -- one for just everyone's SMS data -- and finally, one for just the SMS data from two provinces, covering only the two months prior to the attack of October 2010.
Even more fortunately, these slightly less inclusive requests also seem to be on their way to being rejected. The issue of the legality of these requests is still being debated, but early statements from the Interior Minister seem to indicate that nothing but the latest, most targeted request will even be considered, and even that may be deemed too broad. The Interior Minister did, however, make a brief argument for the final SMS data request, which features the sort of "promise" no citizen in their right mind should trust.
The interior minister said that providing the SMS data to the security forces did not necessarily entail that all their contents will be revealed "and that the privacy of the Lebanese people will be violated."This would be a lot more convincing if the ISF hadn't already cast the entirety of Lebanon under suspicion with its first request. Handing over a bunch of private data to a national security force and trusting them to "just look at the bad guys' stuff" is just paving the infamous slippery slope for faster downhill travel.
He added that it only the content of messages sent and received by those who came under the security forces' suspicion will be accessed.
Filed Under: lebanon, privacy, social media


text:
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Recently I added an archive page to Bookmarks4Techs which is a listing of links (with titles) to every article I ever posted at What's On My PC. When I came up with the idea I had to find a way to generate the list (which, at the time, was approximately 1450 articles) without expending a lot of work. I had some ideas up my sleeve; however, it goes back to an adage that I have; "If you can think of it, someone else has done it!".
If you are using WordPress.com as your blogging platform, you will find that WordPress already has some shortcoding available that will allow to generate archive listings, in various types of formats. To generate the list that I needed, it was as simple as starting up the blogging editor in my account and inserting the shortcode [ archives ] in the editor, then clicking on Preview and voila' there was a list of every article I ever posted in the order that they were posted. I simply then copied and pasted the listing into the Bookmarks4Techs archive page.
NOTE: In the example I used above, there are no spaces, between the brackets and the word archives. I had to place spaces between the brackets and the word archives to prevent WordPress from automatically generating the list of all my articles.
You can also insert additional archive shortcodes that will allow you to customize your lists. See the examples provided below. You can get more instruction and information on using these shortcodes [here] :
Free Online HTML Editor For Netbooks: TinyMCE
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text:
Brian Leatart
(Tonno alla Livornese)
Of the countless preparations for tuna that diners will run across in coastal towns in Tuscany, this one is the most well known. It comes from Livorno, a populous port famous for its seafood restaurants. Simple and quick to put together, the dish combines the best of the area, from the delicious red tuna available mostly in spring and summer to the tomatoes that have become a hallmark of all of Italy. The sauce begins with a trito, a mixture of aromatic vegetables. Ripe tomatoes, a bay leaf and plenty of fresh basil complete it.
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1 large onion, thinly sliced
- 1/4 cup chopped celery
- 1/4 cup finely chopped fresh Italian parsley
- 1 garlic clove, chopped
- 1 1/2 pounds ripe plum tomatoes, peeled, coarsely chopped
- 1 bay leaf
- 1 cup fresh basil, torn into bite-size pieces
- 4 6-ounce tuna steaks (each about 1 inch thick)
- Fresh basil sprigs
- Heat 1 tablespoon oil in heavy large skillet over medium heat. Add onion, celery, parsley and garlic. Sauté until onion is tender but not brown, about 10 minutes. Add tomatoes and bay leaf. Cover and cook until sauce thickens, stirring occasionally, about 15 minutes. (Can be prepared 1 day ahead. Cover and refrigerate. Rewarm before continuing.) Discard bay leaf. Mix in torn basil. Season sauce to taste with salt and pepper.
- Sprinkle tuna with salt and pepper. Heat remaining 1 tablespoon oil in another heavy large skillet over medium-high heat. Add tuna and cook until golden and just opaque in center, about 3 minutes per side.
- Transfer tuna to platter. Spoon sauce over tuna. Garnish with basil sprigs.
Related Video
Nutritional Info
- Calories197
- Carbohydrates7 g(2%)
- Fat5 g(8%)
- Protein29 g(58%)
- Saturated Fat1 g(4%)
- Sodium63 mg(3%)
- Polyunsaturated Fat1 g
- Fiber2 g(8%)
- Monounsaturated Fat3 g
- Cholesterol44 mg(15%)


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YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK - Wilderness anglers beware.
YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK - Wilderness anglers beware.
Some of the fish in Mildred Lake in Yosemite National Park have high enough concentrations of mercury in their tissues to be a danger to your health.
A study announced Wednesday by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Parks Service found that fish in a number of national parks in the western United States have mercury levels high enough to be a danger to wildlife or humans.
But the single highest mercury concentration found and the only case in which that concentration was so high that health guidelines advise against anyone consuming the fish at all were for a single brook trout at Mildred Lake.
The study tested 1,400 fish from 86 lakes and streams in national parks across the western United States between 2008 and 2012. Many lakes in national parks are in high-altitude locations that generally have less risk of being contaminated with mercury than do lower-elevation waterways.
And the study found that concentrations of mercury in the tissues of fish from the national parks on average are lower than for fish elsewhere in the western states.
"Although fish mercury concentrations were elevated in some sites, the majority of fish across the region had concentrations that were below most benchmarks associated with impaired health of fish, wildlife, and humans," said USGS ecologist Collin Eagles-Smith, the lead author of the publication.
Still, that finding won't protect people who happen to eat a fish that does have high mercury concentrations.
What's surprising, said an expert on pollution and sportfishing in California, is that a high altitude lake in Yosemite National Park would have a fish with such high mercury levels that it shouldn't be eaten at all.
"Unless there had been some historic mining up there or something, I am puzzled," said Bill Jennings, the executive director of the California Sportfishing Protection Alliance. "I would be curious as to what sort of historical activities occurred pre-park protection in the old Gold Rush era."
In many parts of California, as well as elsewhere, waste left from gold mining releases mercury into the environment. Mercury was used to process gold ore.
Different state and federal agencies have come to different conclusions about how much mercury is safe in fish consumed by humans. The USGS study of national park fish primarily considered standards developed in the Great Lakes region.
Mercury contaminates many fish in the Great Lakes area. As a result, state governments have cooperated with each other and the federal Environmental Protection Agency for decades to advise the public on how much fish is safe for people to eat.
In general, the Great Lakes Advisory Group recommends unlimited consumption only of fish with less than 50 parts per billion (also sometimes expressed as less than 50 nanograms/gram wet weight) of mercury.
The EPA, in contrast, recommends that women of childbearing age and children stick to fish with less than 300 parts per billion of mercury. The EPA guideline is based on eating two or three servings of fish a month.
Mercury can damage the neurological development of children, which is why pregnant women and children are particularly urged to avoid consuming types of fish that are high in mercury.
The Great Lakes guidelines recommend that fish with more than 950 ppm of mercury should never be eaten by humans.
One brook trout caught in Mildred Lake in 2009 clocked in at 1,109 ppm. The fish tested in Mildred Lake averaged 174.4 ppm. In contrast, fish tested at Spillway Lake, also in Yosemite National Park, averaged just 38.7 ppm, or well below the level considered safe for humans.
A staffer reached by phone Wednesday in Yosemite's public information office said he had not yet heard of the USGS study. He referred questions to Park Information Officer Scott Gediman. Gediman did not respond Wednesday to email and telephone messages asking for comment.
Contact reporter Dana M. Nichols at (209) 607-1361 or email@example.com. Follow him at recordnet.com/calaverasblog and on Twitter @DanaReports.


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Cheap Office Chairs Geelong
Beyond being a common activity room for members of the family, the living room serves as an outlet by which a homeowner presents himself to his guests. For this reason, everyone needs east to follow living room ideas, so that homeowners can create a cozy and welcoming haven for the family and for visitors.
If you must stay in office for 8 hours or more, you should choose for your chair, so you can be comfortable, work better and not be affected by problems in his back and legs. No doubt this chair does not have to be of poor quality, or shaky and much less broken. The chair must be structured in such a way that does not make us assume strange postures, which can cause pain in the back and neck. Ergonomic chairs, for example, have the character to fit the physical structure of the person making him take a correct position. For this reason it is wise to choose chairs not too cheap because the quality depends on the price. In this guide we will explain then the reader how to choose the best office chair.
Cheap Office Chairs Geelong Picture Galleries
Cheap Office Chairs GeelongOne important thing to check when buying a chair for office is to check for good backrest that should not be too low, because it is essential to support the entire back, especially the lumbar part, which is the one that can generate major pain if your posture is incorrect. His normal height should be about 30-48 cm and should be adjustable in height and angle. The height of the chair should be proportionate: the standard size ranges from 40 to 55 cm from the ground, must be adjustable (via a lever) so that the person can adjust its height to the table and place your feet on the ground.
Cheap Office Chairs GeelongIt's good to keep even the posture of the arms properly: the chair should be equipped with adjustable arms, so that your arms rest favoring a relaxation of the shoulders. It is advisable to have a swivel chair which allows you to move more easily from one desk to another. The chair must then have at least these features to make your job less stressful and more enjoyable.
Better to spend a little more but have a comfortable working and relaxing chair. Cheap Office Chairs Geelong, The upholstery of the chair should be rough but convenient; the upholstery of the chair could be in fabric (cheaper), great for the skin to breathe, but the ideal is the leather or skin that is durable and easy to clean too, because many times on chairs settles the dust, as we know, can make breathing difficult. The color should is a dark color, because it will be less stressful to see compared to a light color. Following these small steps we will have Office chairs adapted to our needs and those of our workers, respecting labor ordinances.


text: The KASIKORNBANK Public Company Limited , Thailand's leading financial service conglomerate, is now offering you a unique opportunity to grow and prosper. If you have a willingness to make sacrifices for the good of the team, are an energetic, proactive and highly qualified individual, then you have all the attributes required to enjoy a successful career with us. Don't let this opportunity pass you by.


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In the mid-1970s, fishing boats came across great aggregations of a reddish fish around underwater mountains, called seamounts, near New Zealand, a kilometer deep. A century before, fishermen had discovered the same species in the northeast Atlantic. But never had anyone encountered schools this dense. Characterized by a blunt face lined with mucosal glands, the fish wasn't exactly handsome. But its flesh, which tasted vaguely of shrimp, was white, firm, and delicate. The only problem: the name. The fish was called "slimehead." So "some smart marketer," in the words of one expert, rechristened it "orange roughy." And a new high-end fishery was born.
For many, it was evidence of a worrisome new trend. Enabled by improved technology, fishing fleets were going farther and deeper than ever before. By the mid-1980s, they had converged on seamounts the world over, seeking deep-water species like orange roughy and Patagonian toothfish (marketed as "Chilean sea bass"). They were now trawling places that, by virtue of their depth and rough topography, were previously off-limits. Many characterize what followed – and continues to occur – as akin to strip-mining: Catch everything as quickly as possible and then move on. Scientists worry that these deep-sea ecosystems populated by long-lived organisms can't withstand the fishing pressure. But there's little recourse: Many of the estimated 30,000 seamounts worldwide lie outside national jurisdiction, and the high seas remain unregulated.
Conservationists have long lobbied for regulating international waters. In recent years, the effort has borne fruit in the form of nonbinding agreements. But some, doubting the efficacy of nonenforceable pacts, think high fuel costs are the high seas' best hope. When it's too costly to fish the mid-Pacific, fishing vessels won't go there. But for now, as seamount trawling continues in much of the world, scientists fret that these unique ecosystems may disappear before they can find out what's there.
"They're the least-explored mountains on the planet," says Elliott Norse, president of the Marine Conservation Biology Institute in Bellevue, Wash. "We know more about Everest than the seamounts."
Underwater mountains obstruct ocean currents, forcing deep, nutrient-bearing water upward. So seamount ecosystems are fertile compared with the surrounding ocean, and they support unique organisms. Many of them have adapted to the cold, dark conditions with slow growth and long lives. Orange roughy, which reach sexual maturity at between 20 and 30 years of age, can live to be 150.
Some deep-sea corals have been dated to 4,000 years old. They were growing when Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, says Mr. Norse.
Scientists think that many seamount species are endemic, existing only there. One survey near Tasmania found that perhaps one-third of the invertebrates were endemic. Between 24 and 43 percent were new to science. Researchers have also found that seamounts closed to trawling had double the biomass and nearly half again as many species compared with those that were trawled. The high rate of unique species, plus the ecosystem's sensitivity to disturbance, leads many to conclude that seamount trawling will lead to extinctions.
"To simply remove species from the planet, particularly on a large scale, is something we can't go back on," says Tony Koslow, a deep-sea ecologist at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif., and lead scientist on the Tasmania surveys. "It's just ethically wrong if it can be avoided."
Soviet ships were the first to fish seamounts when, in the late 1960s, they stumbled across large schools of armorhead along the Emperor Seamounts northwest of Hawaii. Less than a decade later, Soviet and Japanese fleets had harvested 1 million metric tons of armorhead. The stocks have yet to recover.
"They just hammered these series of seamounts," says Dr. Koslow. "Once they wiped out the armorhead, they then began searching somewhere else."
Some say that fishing seamounts on the high seas is inherently unsustainable. The cost of motoring long distances and dragging nets set a mile deep forces vessels to take as much as they can quickly, and then move on.
"You're basically talking about mining and liquidation as an economic model," says Michael Hirshfield, chief scientist of Oceana in Washington, D.C. "You've got the potential for a sustainable fishery, but it's not going to be at a rate of return that pays for your big powered vessel."
Subsidies, perhaps equal to one-quarter of an $80 billion global industry, are what make high-seas fishing profitable at all, says Les Watling, a professor of zoology at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
"Basically, if there were no subsidies, these guys wouldn't be able to afford the fuel to go out there," he says.
But, pointing to the many "pirate" vessels that fish profitably without government aid, Koslow says subsidies can't be blamed for all seamount ills. Indeed, where orange roughy populations fall within national jurisdiction – and therefore relatively near shore – they've still plummeted. In 2006, Australia put orange roughy on its endangered species list, the nation's first commercially exploited fish to earn that distinction.
New Zealand, meanwhile, has been ratcheting down its allowable catch for the past 20 years. Now at a low of 13,082 tons, it's just one-quarter of its 1989 peak. Half the orange roughy stocks surveyed in a 2003 World Wildlife Fund report were at 30 percent of their prefishing biomass. (The rest was unknown.)
"We're not feeding the starving with orange roughy or Patagonian toothfish," says Peter Auster, science director with the National Undersea Research Center in Groton, Conn. "A good percentage of this fish is for US and European markets." New Zealand, the world's largest roughy producer, exports more than 60 percent of its catch to the United States, the world's largest roughy consumer.
Only a few countries trawl seamounts in international waters, perhaps 13 in all including Russia, Japan, and Spain, says John Hocevar, an oceans specialist with Greenpeace. (While the US fleet fishes the high seas for open-water species like tuna, it has no seamount fleet.) The concentrated nature of the seamount fleet gives Dr. Hocevar reason to hope.
"If those countries bought into protection, then they can quite easily monitor and enforce vessels," he says. "These are wealthy, technologically capable countries."
The same GPS technology that lets high-seas fleets fish the ocean's vast expanses enables monitoring that would have been impossible 15 years ago. "Pretty much every ship ... is on somebody's satellite," says Dr. Hirshfield.
The bottom line: High-seas fishing will continue "as long as there's a market," says Professor Watling. But he's not without hope. High fuel prices are eating into profit margins. If they keep rising, high-seas fishing may end naturally.
"We've been waiting for a few years for something like this to happen," he says. "We all knew that eventually fuel prices would go up."


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This giveaway is now closed – a winner has been chosen using random.org and e-mailed. Thank you to all who entered!
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To enter to win the $1,000 Reward sweepstakes and Lost & Found Facebook campaign all you detectives out there who stumble across Soft & Fluffy can text "FOUND" to 304-52-RUDIS (be sure to type out all the numbers!). To help spread the word, Rudi's Gluten-Free fans can share Missing Soft & Fluffy notices on their Facebook wall or download a poster to share in their neighborhood. To prove they're assisting in the search, fans can share photos on the whereabouts of Soft & Fluffy on Rudi's facebook page to be entered for that weeks prize! So where is Soft & Fluffy hiding? Is it in the toaster? Your freezer? The grocery store freezer? Weekly prizes include: a Garmin GPS, Nikon CoolPix camera, soft and fluffy bathrobes or a Rudi's Gluten-Free T-Shirt. Don't worry, NO detective goes unnoticed, Rudi's Gluten-Free will show appreciation by awarding everyone with a $2 off coupon good for the new "Soft and Fluffy" Rudi's Gluten-Free Bread products.
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Thanks to Rudi's Gluten Free Bakery, one lucky Creative Cooking Gluten Free reader will win the following prize package which is valued at $100.00!! (You do not have to enter the Rudi's sweepstakes to enter the following giveaway)
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The kernel provides for a convenient way to configure all sorts of advanced settings to enable you to quickly and conveniently boot into your existing system with varying levels of debugging output [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt extended kernel parameters]. It is very easy and useful to create several levels of debugging just by adding additional entries to your bootloader configuration. And if you ever have issues or problems down the road due to a power-failure or hardware failure, it can save you hours of trouble, and of course nothing can beat debugging output when it comes to learning about your system.
The kernel provides for a convenient way to configure all sorts of advanced settings to enable you to quickly and conveniently boot into your existing system with varying levels of debugging output [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt extended kernel parameters]. It is very easy and useful to create several levels of debugging just by adding additional entries to your bootloader configuration. And if you ever have issues or problems down the road due to a power-failure or hardware failure, it can save you hours of trouble, and of course nothing can beat debugging output when it comes to learning about your system.
Revision as of 05:40, 17 March 2013
The kernel provides for a convenient way to configure all sorts of advanced settings to enable you to quickly and conveniently boot into your existing system with varying levels of debugging output extended kernel parameters. It is very easy and useful to create several levels of debugging just by adding additional entries to your bootloader configuration. And if you ever have issues or problems down the road due to a power-failure or hardware failure, it can save you hours of trouble, and of course nothing can beat debugging output when it comes to learning about your system.
- 1 Useful Entries
- 2 Light Debug
- 3 Medium Debug
- 4 Heavy Debug
- 5 Extreme Debug
- 6 Insane Debug
- 7 Troubleshooting
- 8 See Also
- 9 External Links
Useful Entries
If you are interested in debugging, then you deserve some grub entries for powerusers, here are a few examples that you can add to your bootloader configuration (grub-legacy config
/boot/grub/menu.lst used as an example).
title Shutdown the Computer halt title Reboot the Computer reboot title Command Line commandline title Install GRUB to hd0 MBR root (hd0,0) setup (hd0) title Matrix color green/black light-green/green title Scan for /boot/grub/menu.lst find --set-root --ignore-floppies /boot/grub/menu.lst configfile /boot/grub/menu.lst title Scan for /boot/menu.lst find --set-root --ignore-floppies /menu.lst configfile /boot/menu.lst #x86test #make shure, that you place x86test_zImage.bin to /boot/x86test_zImage.bin first #before uncommenting the following lines, assuming that you have a separate #boot-partition /boot on (hd0,0) #title Run x86test (CPU Info) #root (hd0,0) #kernel /x86test_zImage.bin # http://www.memtest.org/ # make shure you install memtest86+ first before uncommenting #one of the following lines, assuming that you have a separate #boot-partition /boot on (hd0,0): #the easiest way to get memtest86+ is to install the memtest86+ #package from the extra repositories and then edit your /boot/grub/menu.lst #as pacman tells you to: pacman creates a directory /boot/memtest86+ #with the memtest binary memtest.bin in it. (/boot/memtest86+/memtest.bin). #After installing you should be fine uncommenting the following three lines. #title Run memtest86+ (Memory Testing) #root (hd0,0) #kernel /memtest86+/memtest.bin #altenatively you can download the latest copy 'latest_copy.bin.gz' #from http://www.memtest.org/, unzip it with gunzip, move it to #/boot and uncomment the following three lines #title Run memtest86+ (Memory Testing) #root (hd0,0) #kernel /latest_copy.bin
Light Debug
A quick way to see more verbose messages on your console is to boot up your bootloader entry after appending verbose to the kernel line. This simple word added to your kernel line turns on more logging thanks to the
/etc/rc.sysinit file, which at the top of the file runs:
if /bin/grep -q " verbose" /proc/cmdline; then /bin/dmesg -n 8; fi
Very simple way to get a bit more messages and debug output in your logs.
title Arch Linux DEBUG Light kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootwait verbose initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Medium Debug
This example
menu.lst entry turns on real logging that is set by the kernel and not in an init script. Adding the debug kernel parameter to your kernel line is recognized by a lot of linux internals and enables quite a bit of debugging compared to the default.
title Arch Linux DEBUG Medium kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootdelay=5 panic=10 debug initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Heavy Debug
An even more impressive kernel parameter is the ignore_loglevel, which causes the system to ignore any loglevel and keeps the internal loglevel at the maximum debugging level, basically rendering dmesg unable to lower the debug level.
title Arch Linux DEBUG Heavy kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootdelay=5 panic=10 debug ignore_loglevel initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Extreme Debug
If the "Heavy Debug" seemed like a lot of output, that's about 1/2 of the logging that occurs with this example. This does a couple things, it uses the earlyprintk parameter to setup your kernel for "early" "printing" of messages to your "vga" screen. The keep just lets it stay on the screen longer. This will let you see logs that normally are hidden due to the boot-up process.
This also changes the log buffer length to 10MB, and also instructs that any fatal signals be printed with print_fatal_signals. The last one, sched_debug, you can look up in the very excellent kernel documentation on kernel parameters.
title Arch Linux DEBUG Extreme kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro debug ignore_loglevel log_buf_len=10M print_fatal_signals=1 LOGLEVEL=8 earlyprintk=vga,keep sched_debug initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Insane Debug
The first few debugging examples showed some really nice kernel parameters to turn on really verbose debugging. This kind of debugging is absolutely critical if you want to max out your system or just learn more about what is going on behind the scenes. But there is a final trick that is my favorite, it is the ability to set both environment variables, and more importantly, module parameters at boot.
As an example, here is the boot line that I am using at the moment on an older Dell Desktop, just to illustrate module parameters and environment vars.
title Arch Linux X-256 kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootwait pause_on_oops=5 panic=60 i915.modeset=1 no_console_suspend ipv6.disable=1 TERM=xterm-256color quiet 5 initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Since it is low on both memory and CPU, I disable ipv6. I also turn on kernel modesetting for the i915 video card, set my terminal to be xterm-256color, and boot straight into X. This lets me use a very optimized arch-linux configuration, amazing how fast thanks to using slim as the login manager, ratpoison as my window manager, and terminal with tmux as my login shell, all from boot, as the pstree shows (plus Synergy!).
init,1 |-slim,3096 | |-X,3098 -nolisten tcp vt07 -auth /var/run/slim.auth | `-ratpoison,3107,askapache | |-terminal,5341 -x sh -c exec /usr/bin/tmux -2 -l -u -q attach -d -t tmux-askapache | | |-bash,11165 | | |-tmux,5345 -2 -l -u -q attach -d -t tmux-askapache | | `-{terminal},5346 | `-xscreensaver,3113 -no-splash |-synergyc,6121,galileo -f --name galileo-fire --restart 10.66.66.2:26666 | `-tmux,5348,askapache -2 -l -u -q attach -d -t tmux-askapache |-bash,5351 | `-ssh,9969 firstname.lastname@example.com `-bash,5868 `-vim,11149 -p sda1/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst
That kind of optimized system is only possible if you first can figure out your system, by debugging both the kernel as previously illustrated, debugging the init process, and most importantly, by debugging the modules enabled for your system's hardware/firmware/software. Debugging modules is challenging but worth the effort, and then you are able to do some truly insane debugging from grub like the following example, note that the actual grub entry is all on one line, but I split it into 4 lines so you could see it all. This basically turns on every module on this little Dell desktop to be at the absolute max debug level. There is so much logging when I boot this that the system grinds to a halt and is slower than a TI-89 calculator (See Improve Boot Performance).
title Arch Linux DEBUG INSANE kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootwait ignore_loglevel debug debug_locks_verbose=1 sched_debug initcall_debug mminit_loglevel=4 udev.log_priority=8 loglevel=8 earlyprintk=vga,keep log_buf_len=10M print_fatal_signals=1 apm.debug=Y i8042.debug=Y drm.debug=1 scsi_logging_level=1 usbserial.debug=Y option.debug=Y pl2303.debug=Y firewire_ohci.debug=1 hid.debug=1 pci_hotplug.debug=Y pci_hotplug.debug_acpi=Y shpchp.shpchp_debug=Y apic=debug show_lapic=all hpet=verbose lmb=debug pause_on_oops=5 panic=10 sysrq_always_enabled initrd /initramfs-linux.img
A couple key items from that grub entry are sysrq_always_enabled which forces on the sysrq magic, which really is a lifesaver when debugging at this level as your machine will freeze/stop-responding sometimes and it is nice to use sysrq to kill all tasks, change the loglevel, unmount all filesystems, or do a hard reboot. Another key parameter is the initcall_debug, which debugs the init process in excruciating detail. Very useful at times. The last parametery I find very useful is the udev.log_priority=8 to turn on udev logging.
Module Parameters
In Kernel modules#Parameters you can find a nice bash function to be run as root that will show a list of all the loaded modules and all of their parameters, including the current value of the parameter.
Break Into Init
For instance, If you add break=y to your kernel cmdline, init will pause early in the boot process (after loading modules) and launch an interactive sh shell which can be used for troubleshooting purposes. (Normal boot continues after logout.) This is very similar to the shell that shows up if your computer gets turned off before it is able to shutdown properly. But using this parameter lets you enter into this mode differently at will.
title Arch Linux Init Break kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro rootwait break=y initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Debugging init
This awesome parameter udev.log_priority=8 does the same thing as editing the file
/etc/udev/udev.conf except it executes earlier, turning on debugging output for udev. If you want to know your hardware, that is the key parameter right there. Another trick is if you change the
/etc/udev/udev.conf to be verbose, then you can make your initrd image include that file to turn on verbose udeb debugging by adding it to your
/etc/mkinitcpio.conf like:
FILES="/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf /etc/udev/udev.conf"
, which on arch is as easy as
# mkinitcpio -p linux
Debugging udev is key because the initrd performs a root change at the end of its run to usually launch a program like /sbin/init as part of a chroot, and unless the new file system has a valid /dev directory, udev must be initialized before invoking chroot in order to provide
exec chroot . /sbin/init <dev/console >dev/console 2>&1
So basically, you are not able to view the logs that are generated before /dev/console is initialized by udev or by a special initrd you compiled yourself. One method the kernel developers use to be able to still get the log messages generated before /dev/console is available is to provide an alternative console that you can enable or disable from grub.
Net Console
If you read through the kernel documentation regarding debugging, you will hear about Netconsole, which can be loaded from the kernel line in GRUB, compiled into your kernel, or loaded at runtime as a module. Having a netconsole entry in your
menu.lst is most excellent for debugging slower computers like old laptops or thin-clients. It is easy to use. Just setup a 2nd computer (running arch) to accept syslog requests on a remote port, very fast and quick to do on arch-linux, 1 line to syslog.conf. Then you could use a log-color-parser like ccze to view all syslog logs, or just tail your everything.log. Then on your laptop, boot up and select the netconsole entry from the grub menu, and you will start seeing as much logging as you want on your syslog system. This logging lets you view even earlier log output than is available with the earlyprintk=vga kernel parameter, as netconsole is used by kernel hackers and developers, so it is very powerful.
title Arch Linux DEBUG Netconsole kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro email@example.com/12:34:56:78:9a:bc debug ignore_loglevel initrd /initramfs-linux.img
Hijacking cmdline
If you do not have access to GRUB or the kernel boottime cmdline, like on a server or virtual machine, as long as you have root permissions you can still enable this kind of simplistic verbose logging using a neat hack. While you cannot modify the
/proc/cmdline even as root, you can place your own cmdline file on top of /proc/cmdline, so that accessing /proc/cmdline actually accesses your file.
For example if I cat /proc/cmdline, I have the following:
root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro console=tty1 logo.nologo quiet
So I use a simple sed command to replace quiet with verbose like:
sed 's/ quiet/ verbose/' /proc/cmdline > /root/cmdline
Then I bind mount /root/cmdline so that it becomes /proc/cmdline, using the -n option to mount so that this mount will not be recorded in the systems mtab.
mount -n --bind -o ro /root/cmdline /proc/cmdline
Now if I cat /proc/cmdline, I have the following:
root=/dev/disk/by-label/ROOT ro console=tty1 logo.nologo verbose
Repairing with Arch live-cd
In case grub is unable to boot your kernel, or if your initramfs is broken, you can boot into a safe system using an Arch live-cd. Once finished with repairs, unmount the broken system and reboot.
Mounting and Chrooting broken system
Once booted and at a console prompt, use the following to mount and repair your broken system (where
/dev/sda3 is
/ and
/dev/sda1 is
First create the mount-point and mount your root
/ filesystem to it, then cd into it.
# mkdir /mnt/arch # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/arch # cd /mnt/arch
Now create the proc, sysfs, and dev filesystems
# mount -t proc proc proc/ # mount -t sysfs sys sys/ # mount -o bind /dev dev/
Next mount the boot partition if you use one.
# mount /dev/sda1 boot/
Finally chroot into
/mnt/arch which will become
# chroot .
Turn on networking
Reinstalling with Pacman
The author uses pacman in a chrooted broken system to reinstall the kernel, grub, initramfs, udev, and any other packages that may be broken and/or needed to get the system up and running.
This will reinstall the kernel and initramfs so check that
/etc/mkinitcpio.conf is correct or remove the file entirely and re-install mkinitcpio.
# pacman -Syyu mkinitcpio linux udev
Afterwards, unmount and reboot.
See Also
- Netconsole
- Syslinux
- GRUB Legacy
- Kernel modules
- mkinitcpio
- Fstab
- Kernel Mode Setting
- GUID Partition Table
- Systemd
External Links
- Memtest
- List of Tools for UBCD - Can be added to custom menu.lst like memtest
- Official GRUB2 Manual - https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html
- Ubuntu wiki page for GRUB2 - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2
- GRUB2 wiki page describing steps to compile for UEFI systems - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFIBooting
- Wikipedia's page on BIOS Boot partition


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Should you go around with a naked iPhone or do you need a case? If you do need a case, what kind should you get? That's a question we get asked all the time and it's the topic for the third episode of our new, conversational video podcast, TiPb TV.
Rene and I discuss the pros and cons of bare, barely there, and full on armor for iPhone 4. We also show off several of our favorite cases including the Case Mate Chrome and Ivy, the Incipio Ultra Light, the Golla Bag, the Otterbox Defender, and more.
We take on the argument of case vs. case vs. naked, the cost and benefits of protecting against the bumps and scratches of avoiding bulk. So if you've been trying to decide which type of case is best for you, or if you're daring to go bare with no case on at all, we'll help you make the best choice possible.
Watch along and then leave us a comment and tell us -- which case, if any, do you use?


text:
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The Administration on Aging (AoA) is the Federal agency responsible for advancing the concerns and interests of older people and their caregivers. AoA works with and through the Aging Services Network to promote the development of a comprehensive and coordinated system of home and community-based long-term care that is responsive to the needs and preferences of older people and their family caregivers. AoA is part of the Department of Health and Human Services and is headed by the Assistant Secretary for Aging, who reports directly to the Secretary.
Review Date: Thursday, July 28, 2011
List reviewed web resources
The Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AIDD) ensures that individuals with developmental disabilities and their families participate in the design of and have access to culturally competent services, supports, and other assistance and opportunities that promotes independence, productivity, and integration and inclusion into the community. ADD does not provide direct consumer support or financial assistance. ADD provides funding, monitoring, and policy guidance to its programs Nationwide. To obtain services, contact the program offices in your state.
Review Date: Thursday, July 09, 2015
The National Council on Disability (NCD) is a small, independent federal agency charged with advising the President, Congress, and other federal agencies regarding policies, programs, practices, and procedures that affect people with disabilities. First established as a small advisory Council within the Department of Education in 1978, NCD was transformed into an independent agency in 1984 and is comprised of a team of fifteen Senate-confirmed Presidential appointees, an Executive Director appointed by the Chairman, and eleven, full-time professional staff.
Review Date: Wednesday, September 07, 2011
The NIH mission is to uncover new knowledge that will lead to better health for everyone. NIH provides leadership and direction to programs designed to improve the health of the Nation by supporting research: in the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and cure of human diseases; in the processes of human growth and development; in the biological effects of environmental contaminants in the understanding of mental, addictive and physical disorders; in directing programs for the collection, dissemination, and exchange of information in medicine and health, including the development and support of medical libraries and the training of medical librarians and other health information specialists. Compromised of 27 seperate Institutes and Centers, NIH is located in Bethesda, Maryland. NIH provides information and materials to assist the general public, professional public, and media representatives in understanding the new and developing health advances from the NIH.
Review Date: Wednesday, August 17, 2011
The American Academy of Pain Management is the largest Pain Organization in the United States. Academy Membership is 6,000 strong and growing. The Academy provides credentialing, accreditation of facilities, networking opportunities, continuing education, quality publications and an annual clinical meeting. It is the goal of the American Academy of Pain Management to bring together the many professionals who work with individuals in pain and to assist in the creation of quality services for those individuals. The intent of the American Academy of Pain Management is to be inclusionary and not restrictive to any specialty.
Review Date: Tuesday, June 01, 2010
The American Hospital Association (AHA) is the national organization that represents and serves all types of hospitals, health care networks, and their patients and communities. Close to 5,000 hospitals, health care systems, networks, other providers of care and 37,000 individual members come together to form the AHA.
Through our representation and advocacy activities, AHA ensures that members' perspectives and needs are heard and addressed in national health policy development, legislative and regulatory debates, and judicial matters. Our advocacy efforts include the legislative and executive branches and include the legislative and regulatory arenas. Founded in 1898, the AHA provides education for health care leaders and is a source of information on health care issues and trends.
Review Date: Thursday, August 12, 2010
The American Medical Association (AMA), founded in 1847, is the professional organization for physicians in the United States. The AMA disseminates information on issues important to physicians, patients, and the nation's health. The AMA is active in legislative issues and in setting standards for medical practice and education. Other activities include counseling on practice management problems, policy studies in a variety of areas, a medical library for physicians, publications, and meetings and conferences. The AMA library has a collection of over 60,000 volumes and 2,500 journals, and has direct computer access to the National Library of Medicine's database.
Review Date: Wednesday, October 14, 2015
The American Society for Deaf Children (ASDC) was founded in 1967 as a parent-helping-parent organization. Today, ASDC is a national, independent non-profit organization whose purpose is providing support, encouragement, and information to families raising children who are deaf or hard of hearing. ASDC supplies the information and support families request to ensure that their decisions and actions are based on up-to-date and accurate knowledge.
Review Date: Thursday, September 17, 2015
The Federation for Children with Special Needs provides information, support, and assistance to parents of children with disabilities, their professional partners, and their communities. The Federation is committed to listening to and learning from families, and encouraging full participation in community life by all people, especially those with disabilities. The Federation promotes active and informed participation of parents of children with disabilities in shaping, implementing, and evaluating public policy that affects them. The Federation believes in the power of parents helping parents and has infused a proven model of peer support throughout all its work. Most Federation staff members are parents or family members of children with disabilities and people with disabilities.
Review Date: Monday, October 05, 2015
Justice in Aging is a non-profit organization whose principal mission is to protect the rights of low-income older adults. Through advocacy, litigation, and the education and counseling of local advocates, they seek to ensure the health and economic security of those with limited income and resources, and access to the courts for all. Since 1972, Justice in Aging has worked to promote the independence and well-being of low-income elderly and persons with disabilities, especially women, people of color, and other disadvantaged minorities. They work to preserve and strengthen Medicaid, Medicare, Social Security and SSI, benefits programs that allow low-income older adults to live with dignity and independence. In addition, they work for greater access to the federal courts for all.
Review Date: Tuesday, October 13, 2015
The Medicare Rights Center is a national, nonprofit consumer service organization that works to ensure access to affordable health care for older adults and people with disabilities through counseling and advocacy, educational programs and public policy initiatives. Since 1989, MRC has helped people with Medicare understand their rights and benefits, navigate the Medicare system and secure the quality care they deserve.
Review Date: Thursday, April 21, 2011
NAMI is the National Alliance on Mental Illness, the nation's largest grassroots organization dedicated to improving the lives of individuals and families affected by mental illness. NAMI has a national organization as well as state organizations and local affiliates in more than 1,100 communities across the country. Through the dedicated efforts of grassroots leaders, NAMI focuses on three corner stones of activity that offer hope, reform and health: support, education and advocacy.
Review Date: Monday, November 07, 2011
Headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) is a voluntary organization of the chief insurance regulatory officials of the 50 states, the District of Columbia and the five U.S. territories. NAIC members are the elected or appointed state government officials who along with their departments and staff, regulate the conduct of insurance companies and agents in their respective state or territory. The NAIC's overriding objective is to assist state insurance regulators in protecting consumers and helping maintain the financial stability of the insurance industry by offering financial, actuarial, legal, computer, research, market conduct and economic expertise. For more consumer information visit InsureUonline.org.
Review Date: Friday, August 13, 2010
National Health Law Program (NHeLP) is a national public interest law firm with a mission is to improve health care for America's working and unemployed poor, minorities, the elderly and people with disabilities. NHeLP serves legal services programs, community-based organizations, the private bar, providers and individuals who work to preserve a health care safety net for the millions of uninsured or underinsured low-income people. NHeLP cannot provide legal advice to individuals.
Review Date: Monday, February 09, 2009
The National Women's Health Network shapes policy and consumer health decisions and options by developing and promoting a critical analysis of health issues. NWHN monitors the actions of federal regulatory and funding agencies, industry and the health professions, identifies and exposes abuses, and catalyzes grassroots action to make change.
The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) is at the forefront of the administration's health IT efforts and is a resource to the entire health system to support the adoption of health information technology and the promotion of nationwide health information exchange to improve health care. Located within the Office of the Secretary for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), ONC is the principal Federal entity charged with coordination of nationwide efforts to implement and use the most advanced health information technology and the electronic exchange of health information.
Review Date: Tuesday, March 12, 2013
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Take on texture with our selection of styles crafted from leather and leather look fabrics. The perfect weekend or winter staple, you'll be rocking this look everywhere. Whether you're looking for a wear-anywhere leather jacket, a chic leather bag or of-the-moment leather look skirt, we've got it covered.


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(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved.
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By the 22nd of April, 1861, when this report was published, the first blood had been shed in the Civil War. The siege of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, had been bloodless (although two men were accidentally killed when a cannon misfired at the surrender ceremony). The first men to die of hostile action were from the 6th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry on April 19th in Baltimore. The regiment was on its way to protect Washington, DC. To continue its journey, it had to detrain and march from the city's northern station to its southern station. On its way through the city an angry mob of southern sympathizers threw rocks and bricks and fired into the ranks of the troops, killing four and wounding seventeen. The troops fired back, killing 12 and wounding several more.
This report totals the men enrolled in the militia of the northern states. The militia was a venerable organization of volunteer soldiers. Although it did offer a ready force of men, their training and organization often left much to be desired. But the needs of the war would soon require much more and President Abraham Lincoln would several times resort to conscription and other methods to raise an army.
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See Also...
"Southern and War Items"
"The News From Home"- the Greenfield Guards
"Home Affairs"- 100 Gun Salute to Lincoln
Draft cylinder
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