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("REMITTANCE OF $15 MILLION U.S.A DOLLARS CONFIDENTIAL IS THE CASE") Compliments Of The Season 2006, Forgive my indignation if this message comes to you as a surprise and may offend your personality for contacting you without your prior consent and writing through this channel.I got your contact from the proffesional data base found in the internet Yahoo tourist search.When i was searching for a foreign reliable partner.I assured of your capability and reliability to champion this businees opportunity. After series of prayers/fasting.i was divinely directed to contact you among other names found in the data base Yahoo tourist search.I believe that God has a way of helping who is in need. I am (Godwin Amiri Esq),the Head of file Department in African developent bank (ADB). In my department we discovered an abandoned sum of $ 15 million U.S.A dollars ( fifteen million U.S.A dollars) . In an account that belongs to one of our foreign customer who died along with his entire family in (Monday 31st July 2000) in a plane crash. Since we got information about his death, we have been expecting his next of kin to come over and claim his money because we cannot release it unless somebody applies for it as next of kin or relati on to the deceased as indica ted in our banking guidelines, but unfortunately we learnt that all his supposed next of kin or relation died alongside with him at the plane crash leaving nobody behind for the claim. It is therefore upon this discovery that I and one official in my department now decided to make this businness proposal to you and release the money to you as the next of kin or relation to the deceased for safety and subsequent disbursement since nobody is coming for it and we don�t want this money to go into the bank treasury as unclaimed bill. The Banking law and guideline here stipulates that if such money remained unclamed after five years, the money will be transfered into the Bank treasury as unclaimed fund. The request of foreigner as next of kin in this business is occasioned by the fact that the customer was a foreigner, and a Burkinabe cannot stand as next of kin to a foreigner. We agree that 30 % of this money will be for you as foreign partner, in respect to the provision of a foreign account, 10 % will be set aside for expenses incured during the business and 60 % would be for me and my woman colleague. There after i will visit your country for disbursement according to the percentages indicated. Therefore to enable the immediate trnansfer of this fund to you as arranged, you must apply first to the bank as relations or next of kin of the deceased indicating your bank name, your bank account number, your private telephone and fax number for easy and effective communication and location where the money will be remitted.Upon receipt of your reply, I will send to you by fax or email the text of the application I will not fail to bring to your notice that this transaction is hitch free and that you should not entertain any atom of fear as all required arrangements have been made for thetransfer. You should contact me on my number 00226-7885 75 97 immediately as soon as you receive this letter. Trusting to hear from you immediately. Your�s faithfully, Godwin Amiri (Esq.) FROM (ADB) OUAGADOUGOU BURKINA-FASO. GOD BLESSINGS,PROTECTIONS AND GUIDIANCE TO YOUR ENTIRE FAMILY. POST SCRITUM:You have to keep everything secret as to enable the transfer to move very _________________________________________________________________ MSN Hotmail sur i-mode� : envoyez et recevez des e-mails depuis votre t�l�phone portable ! http://www.msn.fr/hotmailimode/
What Is This?This Email with the Subject "From The Desk Of Godwin Amiri (Esq)." was received in one of Scamdex's honeypot email accounts on Sun, 08 Oct 2006 10:40:22 -0700 and has been classified as a Advance Fee Fraud/419 Scam Email. The sender shows as "godwin amiri" <firstname.lastname@example.com>, although that address was probably spoofed. We recommend that you do not attempt to contact any persons or organizations referenced in this email, as you may expose yourself to scammers and, at the very least, you will be added to their email address lists for spam purposes.


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college has started again:') I'm in my 3rd term right now:D wish me luck ok?
tbh my goal for the past 8 month is to graduate next year (I'm applying for 2 years college so...;) )
but just realized that if i keep pushing myself
i won't achieve anything and ended up failing everything.
so I'm doing things in my own pace, not too slow, and not too fast:D
but luckily I've passed my adaptation to art/design major phase:)
just realized it's very wrong to think that design major is an easy major
sooo yeah! ok no more chit chats about college bc the first 3 weeks is still easy...just see in the end of the term, I won't be showering for days or applying make ups, I will only care about my projects :D

subset: commoncrawl


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Commercial Greenhouse Production
Scientific Name: Dendranthema Ṫ grandiflora
Common Name: Pot Mum
Family: Asteraceae
Dr. J. Raymond Kessler, Jr.
Auburn University
The Florists' potted chrysanthemum is a complex hybrid composed of crosses among several annual and perennial species native to China. Though grown by the Chinese for over 2000 years, cultivars were not available in Europe until the 1800s. In the United States around 1889, Elmer D. Smith hybridized and named over 500 cultivars. However, real development of the chrysanthemum as a pot crop has occurred since the 1940's. The chrysanthemum used in pot culture today is a hardy or semi-hardy herbaceous perennial with flowers in a wide range of colors.
The chrysanthemum is a composite inflorescence with the individual flowers borne on a flat or convex receptacle called a capitulum. The capitulum is surrounded by an involucre of bracts. A single flower head has one or more outside rows of ray flowers, which are pistillate and a center (brown or green "eye") composed of disk flowers, which are dioecious.
Chrysanthemum are available in a wide range of flower colors, flower types, and plant sizes. Of these, some are more suited for cut flower production and others for outdoor planting, often called Hardy mums or Fall mums. However, about 100 cultivars are suited for and widely grown today as flowering pot plants. Cultivars suitable for pot culture today must exhibit the following characteristics: 1) form a well-shaped plant, 2) branch readily, 3) flower quickly on relatively short stems, and 4) have flowers in the desired shape, size, and color.
Chrysanthemum cultivars can be classified in at least three ways: 1) based on flower form, 2) based on cultural type, 3) based on height, and 4) based on response to photoperiod.
Flower Form
1) Singles - composed of one or two rows of outer ray flowers surrounding a tight group of short disk flowers with inconspicuous petals. This is the typical "daisy" form.
2) Quilled - similar to the single except the petals are narrow at the base and flair toward the end to form a "spoon" shape.
3) Anemones - similar to the single form except the disk flowers have more conspicuous, elongated and tubular petals forming a cushion.
4) Spider - similar to the anemone except the petals of the ray and disk flowers are long and tubular.
5) Pompons - a globular head formed by many short ray flowers of about equal length that cover the disk flowers so they are not apparent. Small pompon types are called "buttons".
5) Decoratives - the head is composed of many ray flowers that cover the disk flowers, but the outer rows are longer than the inner rows so the inflorescence in more float and open.
6) Large Flowered - this is a catch-all group composed of flowers of many forms but all must be larger than 4" in diameter.
Cultural Types
This classification is based on how the cultivars are handled in production.
1) Standards - these types are usually grown single stem with all the lateral flower buds removed to develop one large, terminal flower head. This is usually used for cut flower production.
2) Disbuds - these types are usually grown multi-stem (plants are pinched as rooted cuttings) with the lateral flower buds removed to develop one large, terminal flower head on each lateral. This is usually use for pot crop production.
3) Sprays - these types are usually grown multi-stem with only the terminal flower bud removed to allow all lateral flower buds to flower. This is usually use for pot crop production.
Nearly all commercial pot chrysanthemum growers order either rooted or unrooted cuttings from specialists propagator/breeders. Stock production, thought common 20 years ago, is almost unheard-of today because of the difficulties and disease problems encountered. Specialists propagators maintain mother stock that is true to type, use culture-virus indexing to eliminate diseases, and grow and harvest large areas of stock to supply the market. So the propagation choice becomes 1) whether to purchase rooted or unrooted cuttings, then, if unrooted cuttings, 2) whether to direct stick in the final container or propagate in specialized cells, cubes, or trays.
Purchase Rooted Cuttings
Purchasing rooted cuttings from specialists propagators is probably the easiest method for small growers with no or limited propagation space. The cost per cutting may be higher than other methods and the grower has less control over cutting quality, but the only facilities required is an area of reduced light where the humidity can be raised with periodic mist (often by hand) for 2-3 days until root growth begins. Rooted cuttings from the propagator should be inspected upon arrival transplanted into final containers as soon as possible upon receipt. If this is not possible, the cuttings can be stored in a refrigerator at 33-40F for several days.
Propagation Environment
The propagation area should be isolated so the relative humidity can be maintained close to 100% and be large enough to accommodate about 3 weeks of production. Larger, unused areas make the environment more difficult to control.
Sanitation - the propagation should be constructed and equipped to keep everything that may come in contact with the cuttings disinfected. Bench surfaces and floors should be easy to clean and free of weeds.
Temperature - facilities should be available to keep the air temperature 70-85F. Heating in winter should not drop below 68F. Bottom heat to keep the propagation medium 70-74F dramatically speeds rooting.
Light - light intensities should be 3200-3800 ft.ca. Shading in the summer is usually needed not only to reduce the light intensity but to also control heat. Night-break incandescent lighting to simulate long days is mandatory. HID supplemental light is useful during low-light periods.
Mist - Uniform mist to keep cutting turgid during rooting is vital. Excessive mist will leach nutrients from the medium and leaves, over-saturate the medium reducing aeration, and stretch the cuttings. Inadequate mist causes wilting, necrotic leaf margins, and hard cuttings that do not root uniformly. Cuttings should never wilt! Thus, a continuous film of moisture should cover the leaves until roots form.
The frequency (how often the mist turns on) and duration (length of time the mist is on) of mist depends on many environmental factors and varies from season to season and throughout the day. This is usually controlled by programmable automatic systems such as an automatic mist controller. Mist nozzle capacity and spacing should be designed to provide uniform coverage over the propagation area. The mist duration should be long enough to cover the foliage with a film of water and depends on the capabilities of the system. The mist frequency depends on the environment, but a starting-point schedule appears above. Mist may be required at night to keep cuttings turgid during the first 3-4 days. Afterward, mist is applied from 1 hour before sunrise to 1 hour after sunset. Tests of the quality of the water supplied to the mist system should be done to determine alkalinity. High alkalinity can increase the pH of the propagation medium and cause chlorosis of the foliage during propagation.
Media - Almost any well-drained, course medium can be used to root chrysanthemums. This may be cells, flats, strips, or pots containing peat-lite media, rockwool, foams, or other artificial media. Cutting are usually stuck 1" apart in rows and 1-2" between rows.
Rooting Hormone - Rooting hormones containing IBA or NAA may not speed rooting but increase rooting uniformity. Liquids or talks containing 1500 ppm IBA should be applied to the lower -ỳ" of the cutting.
Growth Retardants - This is used on certain vigorous cultivars during warm times of the years to prevent stretch and produce a compact plant. Cutting are dipped into B-Nine at 1000 ppm and placed in plastic bags in a cooler overnight, then stuck the next morning.
Nutrition - Many growers begin fertilizing chrysanthemum cutting as soon as callus forms (4-7 days) using a balanced fertilizer at 200-250 ppm N. Some growers apply a dilute solution of potassium nitrate through the mist system for the first several days.
Direct Stick
Many growers stick unrooted cuttings directly in the final container. The method reduces labor costs by eliminating the transplant step and can produce a more uniform product because root growth precedes unchecked. Production time is also often reduced. However, a larger, more controlled propagation area is required. Death of one cutting in a pot can ruin the marketability of a 6" pot. Also, cutting must be graded to the same size in each pot for a uniform final product.
Containers for direct sticking should be filled close to the top with medium and watered before sticking. One or two lower leaves should be removed from the base of the cuttings so they may be stuck Ẅ-1" deep.
Potting Media
Many different combinations of media components are used in media for growing pot chrysanthemums. However, a media should be course, loose, and well drained with a high moisture holding capacity and cation exchange capacity. The pH of the medium should be adjusted to 5.7-6.2 using dolomitic limestone. Phosphorus is supplied using superphosphate and a micronutrient fertilizers is also mix in the media.
Rooted cuttings should be graded by size so that individual pots receive the same size cuttings. Unequal cutting size in the same pot inevitably results in and uneven pot at finishing. This can be compensated for only to a limited extent by pinching. Cuttings of a single may be graded into: 1) short - thin stem diameter and not well rooted, 2) average - medium stem diameter and fairly well rooted, and 3) tall - thick stem diameter and well rooted.
Cutting should be planted shallow with the roots just covered with medium. They are planted as close to the pot rim as possible and leaning out from the rim about 45. This allows the maximum space for lateral shoot development and light penetration. Cuttings should be planted in a moist medium and watered in twice soon after planting. The first watering should be clear water followed by a fertilizer solution.
Number of Cuttings per Pot
Chrysanthemums may be grown in pot sizes ranging from 3 to 7", but by far the most common size is the 6 or 6Ẅ". The next most common is the 4" pot. Each pot size requires a different number of cutting to produce an acceptable product. Six inch pots require 4 to 5 cuttings per pot in the late spring, summer, and early fall, 5 cuttings per pot are used at other times. Four inch pots always contain one cutting.
Newly transplanted cuttings should be placed pot-to-pot in an area of reduced light where the humidity can be raised with periodic mist (often by hand) for 2-3 days until root growth begins. The plants are often maintained pot-to-pot until the time of pinching. Pot-to-pot spacing conserves greenhouse space, helps maintain humidity around the plants, and minimizes the area required to provide long days.
Pot chrysanthemums require large quantities of fertilizer during the vegetative stage of production, especially nitrogen and potassium. It is vital that they be supplied ample nutrition beginning the day of potting. Many growers will water-in mums using 300-400 ppm N using a balanced fertilizer. This high rate may be applied at each watering until the roots reach the bottom of the pot, then the fertilizer rate is reduced to 200-250 ppm N on a constant liquid feed basis.
Benefits have been observed on pot chrysanthemums when liquid fertilization is combined with a slow-release fertilizer. Application of the slow-release fertilizer is more beneficial when applied to the media surface compared to mixing with the media. Slow-release fertilizer can be applied several days after potting. Follow the manufacturers recommendation for a rate. Liquid fertilization rates should be reduced in combination with slow-release fertilizers.
Soluble salts and pH should be monitored at least every two weeks during production. These readings can be charted to detect significant trends. The soluble salts for pot mums should be 1.5-2.0 mmhos/cm (2:1 extraction) but should not exceed 2.5. pH should remain in the range of 5.8-6.2 Soil and/or tissue test can be taken at least once per month.
Fertilizers high in ammonium (20-40% NH4) in the vegetative stage during the warmer periods of the year benefit rapid growth. However, the ammonium content should be reduced to <20% during cooler, low light periods of the year.
Fertilizer rates should generally be reduced once flower buds become visible to about 125-150 ppm N. Several studies have shown that post-production keeping quality is improved when fertilization is stopped all-together 3-4 weeks before finish or about the time of disbudding.
Pot chrysanthemums require plentiful amounts of water and fertilization. The media should be moist, or allowed to dry only slightly between waterings. Enough water should be applied at each watering to completely saturate the medium plus 10-15% leachate.
Manual watering cannot provide the degree of control over soil moisture required for quality pot mum culture and the cost in labor is high. Most good pot mum growers have the crops on some form of automatic watering system when placed at final spacing. Microtube systems are the traditional method. Other methods such as capillary mats and sub-irrigation are used successfully.
Light Intensity
Potted chrysanthemums require the maximum light intensity (5000-6000 ft.ca.) available as long as temperature can be controlled. Growers in the south find it necessary to apply a 25-30% shade during the summer to control heat. However, these materials should be removed promptly in the fall. Generally, keep the greenhouse glazing material clean and replace old polyethylene as soon as light reductions are evident. Many growers will provide some additional spacing during the winter months.
Terminal buds of pot chrysanthemums are pinched to develop lateral branches and increase the number of flowers on the final product. Before pinching, several requirements must be met: 1) the plant must have a root system that has reached the bottom and sides of the pot, and 2) the development of 1Ẅ-1ẅ" of new growth on the cuttings, generally 12-14 days after planting. A soft pinch is used, removing about Ẅ" of the stem tip, allowing 6-8 nodes to remain on the cutting. Hard pinches are not desirable because it reduces the number of breaks.
The application of methods to alter photoperiod and control the vegetative and reproductive state of chrysanthemum revolutionized the culture and marketing of pot mums during the 1940's and 1950's. Previously, chrysanthemums were grown only during a narrow time frame in the fall to take advantage of a natural change in photoperiod. Today, pot mums can be precisely forced into bloom each week throughout the year.
The chrysanthemum is a qualitative short-day plant with respect to flowering with temperature modifying the photoperiodic response. Plants flower when the day-length is shorter than the critical day-length and grow vegetatively when the day-length is longer than the critical day-length. However, chrysanthemums have two critical photoperiods, one for floral initiation and a different one for flower development. However, there is no single critical photoperiod because it can vary depending on the cultivar and temperature.
|Critical Daylength Based on Response Group
|Critical Daylength (hrs/day)
|Response group (wk)
|Floral initiation
|Flower development
|'White Wonder'
|16 hr
|13 hr 45 min
|15 hr 15 min
|13 hr
|14 hr 30 min
|13 hr
|13 hr
|12 hr
|11 hr
|10 hr
Chrysanthemum cultivars are often classified in terms of response group based on the time required from the beginning of short-days to flower ( to ẅ open). Most of the cultivars grown as pot mums are in the 8, 9, or 10 week response groups. A relationship generally exists between response group and the critical photoperiod. The shorter the response group time, the shorter the critical night length required for floral initiation (longer critical photoperiod). Conversely, the longer the response group time, the longer the critical night length required for floral initiation (shorter critical photoperiod).
The usual photoperiodic sequence for producing pot mums is to provide long days for vegetative growth followed by short days for flowering. The amount of time that the plants are provided long days determines the vegetative size of the plants at floral initiation and ultimately influences how big the plants will be at the finish.
Long Days
Long days for vegetative growth are maintained throughout propagation, early growth, pinch, and until the lateral are about 1-1Ẅ" long, however, this may vary with the pot size and response group. Though not absolutely necessary, most growers used night-interrupted lighting during these stages throughout the year. Night-interruption lighting is usually started at 10:00 PM. Cyclic light is also used in large greenhouse ranges to conserve electricity. Use the following recommendations for facilities: For benches 48" wide, 60-watt bulbs with reflectors spaced 3 feet apart and 24-36" above the tops of the plants, 100-watt bulbs can be spaced 6 feet apart. Provide 1ỳ watts per 3 sq.ft. A light meter should be used to ensure that at least 10 ft.ca. of incandescent light is received over the entire growing surface.
Night-interruption Lighting for Chrysanthemum
|Hours / night
Supplemental light from HID lamps to improve vegetative growth is often used during low-light period in the winter. HID lighting is supplied for 16 to 24 hours per day. Night-interrupted lighting is not needed when HID lighting is provided. Most growers apply HID lighting in the propagation area.
Short Days
Artificial short days must be supplied to chrysanthemum during long-day times of the year, from March 21 to September 21 to ensure flower initiation and development. This is accomplished by pulling opaque material (black cloth) over the plants for 12-15 hours per day. It is convenient to perform this task from 5:00 PM to 8:00 AM from a labor point of view. However, in the south, excess heat can build up under the black cloth in the afternoon. Temperatures in excess of 85F can delay flower initiation and development, called Heat Delay. Under these circumstances, black cloth must be pulled later in the evening (7:00 PM) and remain over the plants later in the morning. Automatic black cloth systems have been developed and are used by many growers. These systems can be programed to apply shade at the proper time. Black cloth should be applied every day (including weekends) from the scheduled beginning of short days until flower buds begin showing color.
The primary goal during long days (vegetative period) is to develop plant size. In chrysanthemum, leaf unfolding rate increases linearly with an increase in temperature up to about 68F, levels off, then declines above about 75F. Therefore, the optimum temperature range for growth is 68 to 75F.
The optimum temperature for flowering generally declines from the beginning of short days to open flower. The optimum temperatures from the beginning of short days to visible flower bud is 68-72F night and day. Temperatures above and below 68-72F will delay flowering. After visible bud, optimum temperatures decrease to 65F to about the "showing color" stage and to 60F for the last two weeks. Temperatures below 60F will delay flower development. The optimum temperatures for flower development is lower than for many other crops. Therefore, chrysanthemum crops should have a dedicated finishing area for temperature control.
Carbon Dioxide
Chrysanthemum benefit from the application of supplemental carbon dioxide during the vegetative period with increased dry weight, increased lateral branching, larger leaf area, and shorter production times. Growers who utilizer supplemental carbon dioxide apply it mostly during propagation and the early vegetative period at 800-1000 ppm.
Disbud and Spray
The purpose of disbudding is to remove all lateral flower buds from each main stem on a pot to redirect the resources of the plant into developing a large, high-quality terminal flower. Disbudding should be performed as soon as the lateral buds are large enough to 'roll out' without damage to the terminal bud. At this time, the tissues are soft enough that the task goes quickly. If disbudding is not performed on time, the lateral buds become 'woody' and becomes difficult to remove, requiring more labor. Delayed disbudding also increases the change of breaking the stem, thus ruining the product.
The operation required for those cultivars grown as sprays (typically decorative and daisies) involves removal of the terminal flower bud (called Central Bud Removal) to allow lateral flower buds to develop. This operation should be performed as soon as the peduncle supporting the terminal bud begins to elongate and the terminal bud can be removed without damaging the lateral buds. Unfortunately, central bud removal can often result in a "clubby" appearance to the pot for certain cultivars.
One way to overcome the "clubbiness" on certain cultivars is to use Multiple Bud Removal. Multiple bud removal involves a second pinch to lateral buds that arise from the first pinch performed under vegetative conditions. This second pinch is usually performed about three weeks after the first or when the lateral shoots from the first pinch have a minimum of four, but not more than six leaves. Normally, this second pinch will be performed after the start of short days but before flower buds are visible.
The ideal pot mum is about 2-2Ẅ times the height of the pot. To some extent, this can be controlled by the amount of growth (time from pinch to begin SD) which is allowed to occur under long days.
B-Nine (Daminozide) was one of the first growth retardants developed for controlling plant height of chrysanthemum and is still probably the most widely used. B-Nine is applied at 2500-5000 ppm (depending on the cultivar) when the lateral shoots from the pinch are 1Ẅ-2" long. A second or third application may be needed depending on the cultivar and time of year. A-Rest, Bonzi, and Sumagic is also labeled for chrysanthemum.
Differences in the rate of growth among chrysanthemum cultivars has lead to their classification into short, medium, and tall groups. Response group combined with height group has a large effect on how a given cultivar is scheduled. In order to achieve the ideal plant height in a 6" pot, cultivars in the short group are given 3 weeks of long days, those in the medium group are given 2 weeks of long days, and those in the tall group are given 1 week of long days after the pinch. This allows longer for growth to occur on the short cultivars and less time for growth to occur on the tall cultivars so that short, medium, and tall cultivars finish at about the same height.
Creating a Schedule
1) Determine finish (flowering) date.
2) Establish total crop time: response time + height time + propagation time.
3) Count back the total crop time.
4) Count forward 2 weeks for rooting cutting in propagation to determine potting date.
5) Count forward the number of weeks required for the height group to determine the pinch date.
Cultivar 1: 8 wk / medium. 8 (response) wks + 2 (height) wks + 2 (rooting) wks = 12 wks
Cultivar 2: 9 wk / short. 9 (response) wks + 3 (height) wks + 2 (rooting) wks = 14 wks
Cultivar 3: 10 wk / tall. 10 (response) wks + 1 (height) wks + 2 (rooting) wks = 13 wks
|Finish Mothers Day: May 12, 1996
|Stick cutting
|Pot rooted cutting
|Long days
|Short days
|Feb 18
|Mar 3
|Mar 17
|Feb 18 - Mar 17
|Mar 17 -
|May 12
|Feb 4
|Feb 18
|Mar 10
|Feb 4 - Mar 10
|Mar 10 -
|May 12
|Feb 11
|Feb 25
|Mar 3
|Feb 11 - Mar 3
|Mar 3 -
|May 12
The list of insects that infest chrysanthemum is almost endless. At one time or another aphids, chrysanthemum midge, cyclamen mites, fungus gnats, leaf minor larva, mealybugs, nematodes, sowbugs, spider mites, spittle bugs, thrips, and various worms have been problems.
Diseases that infect chrysanthemum include Rhizoctonia, Pythium, cottony stem blight, ray blight, Botrytis, powdery mildew, septoria leaf spot, Verticillium wilt, Fusarium wilt, and several bacterial and viral diseases.


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4x4 Truck Axle Parts Buyers Guide - The Great Axle ConnectionPosted in How To: Transmission Drivetrain on June 1, 2009
If you're looking to make upgrades and repairs to your old tired axles or to rebuild junkyard iron, or you need complete replacement assemblies, then you just got lucky! We've gathered a few new products from the top axle and axle-parts manufacturing companies and put together this giant guide. If you don't find what you need, then check out the websites or give them a call.
1. 4x4 Posi-Lok
4x4 Posi-Lok replaces the failure-prone O.E. vacuum and electric front axle engagement systems and allows axle engagement from the inside the cab. Eliminate that old worn-out vacuum shirt motor on Dodge and Jeep vehicles.
4x4 Posi-Lok System
2. Alloy USA
The Alloy USA '03-'06 Jeep Wrangler Rubicon chromoly Dana 44 front axle kit includes 4340 Chromoly shafts that are up to 40 percent stronger than stock 1040 axles. The cold spline-rolling technology in the shafts creates splines that are stronger than cut ones. The kits include everything you need to complete the job: both passenger- and drive-side inner and outer axleshafts, seals, U-joints, and clips.
Alloy Usa
ARB has released the latest Nissan Air Locker. Designed for the M226 Nissan axles found in '05 and later Nissan Frontiers, Titans and Xterras. The locker features a timed locking mechanism that optimizes the Air Locker's internal gear mesh in the locked configuration and increases the unlocking speed at the touch a switch.
Arb Usa
4. ATS Diesel
ATS Protector differential covers are cast and machined in the USA and available for Dodge, Ford, and GM trucks. Fluid capacity is increased at least 2.5 quarts, and heat reduction is provided via the integrated heat sink. Powdercoating locks out moisture. The Protector Line features large magnetic drain plugs and easy-fill points for simple servicing.
ATS Diesel
5. Auburn Gear
The ECTED electronically controlled traction enhancing differential, provides the user with a selectable limited slip or locker mode. The ECTED functions as a performance limited slip differential and a solid locker when actuated. Available for the AMC 20; the Dana models 30, 35, and 44; the Dana 50 for front axles; the Ford 8.8; and the GM 8.5, 10-bolt, 87/8, and 12-bolt.
Auburn Gear
6. AxleTech
This Portal bolt-on conversion for Dana 60 axles offers four-gear design, with no reverse rotation gearing or flipped differentials required. The 1.5:1 reduction ratio is for increased wheel torque without increased stress on the ring-and-pinion. The ends also include a heavy-duty vented rotor with Wilwood four-piston calipers.
AxleTech International
7. BDS Suspension
A full line of heavy-duty differential guards is now available and designed with clearance, approach angle, and protection in mind. These guards are made with a 7/8-inch solid front barand have 5/8-inch solid steel supports.
BDS Suspension
8. Blue Torch
The Dana 50/60/70 diff cover is designed like all of the Kryptonite diff covers, is fabricated with 1/4-inch steel plate for the cover, and has a 3/8-inch steel ring for the base. With a 3/8-inch-thick steel ring, the cover is built to resist "peel up" as you drag your diff over rocks and other terrain. The fill plugs have a CNC-machined boss that extends out to protect the plug.
Blue Torch FabWorks
9. Boyce Equipment & Parts
Boyce Equipment's 14-bolt rear axle bolt-on disc brake kits can be ordered with standard brakes or an E-brake design. The systems fit 15-inch wheels and up and use standard OEM replacement parts. Kit comes with all parts and hardware for easy installation.
Boyce Equipment & Parts
10. BTB Products
Lift kits may change the original driveline lengths and pinion angles at the differential. To correct the pinion angle problem, BTB Products offers the 6-Degree Axle Shim Kit. The shims are made from a high-grade steel and measure 5 by 21/2 inches with a 5/8-inch center hole and are sold in pairs.
BTB Products
11. Currie Enterprises
New from Currie is the bolt-in TJ RockJock frontend package. The system includes all components to do a complete job. Package features the housing with all heavy-duty bracketry installed, a track bar, a track-bar brace and bracket, a tie-rod and drag link, inner axles, and all necessary installation hardware.
Currie Enterprises
714. 367.2226
12. Crane Hi Clearance
The Crane differential covers are made from 8620 chrome-moly steel and have a built-in, recessed bolt design. The covers also use 12-point counter-bore bolts that allow for correct torque.
Crane Hi Clearance
CTM U-joints offer a fully rebuildable, unique design. As long as the cross or caps are intact then the seals, bushings and clips can be replaced indefinitely. These U-joints are designed for use with full-circle clips, which means they need to be installed on chromoly axleshafts. CTM U-joints use a bronze sleeve that shows little to no wear.
14. Drive Train Specialists
DTS Custom Service manufacturers complete bolt-in assemblies, or the company can build them to your specifications. DTS builds new 12-bolts, Dana 44s, 60s, Ford 9-inch, and 8.8 axles. DTS also custom-rebuilds and modifies other axles from cores.
Drive Train Specialists
15. Dynatrac
The new Trail-Series 44 front and rear axles are for Jeep YJ, TJ, and JK. These New Generation (product name: KM) bolt-in Dana 44 axles are loaded with big shafts, 1350 front axle joints, high-strength gears, bigger brakes, a selectable electric locker, and heavy-duty high-pinion housings.
16. Eaton/Detroit Locker
These new Eaton ELockers are engineered for Dana 30 and Dana 35 Jeep axles in both stock 27-spline and high-performance 30-spline. The Eaton ELocker goes from fully open to full lockup at the touch of a button. Installation of these ELockers will keep a Jeep well mannered on the highway and provide spoollike traction off-road.
Eaton Corp.
17. Extreme Off-Road
These Dana 60 35-spline drive flanges are made from 8620 steel and heat-treated for strength. The drive flanges feature a greased fitting and are sold in pairs. When the hub is full of grease, there's no room for mud or water.
Extreme Off-Road Products
18. Fab Fours
Fab Fours now offers this 14-bolt differential cover. It's built from 1/4-inch plate steel on the cover and 3/8-inch-thick plate steel on the ring. The Fab Fours diff cover is TIG-welded, and the logo is CNC-machined into the front of the cover.
Fab Fours Inc.
19. G2 Axle & Gear
G2 releases its new chromoly axleshafts. Manufactured from high-quality 4340 alloy steel, these axles are engineered with increased material around bearing caps and are machined to accept full-circle clips. The G2 alloy shafts are available for Dana 30, 44, and 60 axles.
G2 Axle & Gear
20. LubeLocker
LubeLocker Gaskets are perfect for rockcrawlers and desert racers. The orange elastomer beading, with its rubber-coated steel core construction, keeps its seal even if the differential cover shifts. These gaskets save time and are far less messy when you're removing and installing differential covers.
21. Mag-Hytec
These high-capacity differential covers are available for most Dodge, Ford, Chevy, and GMC diesel and gas trucks. They are aircraft-quality aluminum and black poweredcoated, and they add cooling and ease of servicing to the differential fluids. Magnetic dipsticks and drain plugs help filter metallic debris to extend fluid life.
22. Mile Marker
Remove the nonserviceable parts on the front end of your XJ, YJ, or TJ and replace them with fixed spindles and lockout hubs for superior strength, improved fuel economy, and smooth performance. The kit offers ease of maintenance, a much smoother ride, better steering control, greater fuel economy, and longer axle and driveshaft life.
Mile Marker
23. Mopar
The Jeep Wrangler Rubicon front and rear axle assemblies provide the next level of off-road performance for your CJ, YJ, or TJ. These axles are shipped with current Wrangler Rubicon suspension mounting brackets installed. These axles come completely assembled with 4.10 gears, disc brakes, and a locking differential. A limited slip rear axle assembly is also available.
Mountain Off Road Enterprises has a complete line of axle brackets to help with installing a stronger axle into your Jeep. The firm specializes in the Ford 8.8 axle swaps for Jeep XJ, TJ, and YJ, but many of these brackets can be used on a variety of other axle applications.
Mountain Off Road Enterprises
25. Moser
Moser's Max 44 and 60 front performance axles are made from aircraft-quality 4140 American metals forged in the USA. The entire axleshaft is thru-hardened for maximum strength. The Max axles are beefed up in the yoke area reinforcing the shafts in critical stress-sensitive points. Even with a larger yoke surface, Max shafts are able to turn 43 degrees.
Moser Engineering
26. Ten Factory
Ten Factory offers a complete line of high-performance axleshafts, including chromoly front and rear shafts, and complete kits in both stock and higher spline-count applications.Ten Factory offers 4340 chromoly front kits for '72-'09 Jeep applications, plus performance rear axles for Jeep, GM, Ford, and Dodge vehicles.
Ten Factory
27. Nitro Gear
Nitro now offers 4.56 and 4.88 ring-and-pinions for the Toyota FJ Cruiser and late-model Tacoma, as well as the first 4.88 ratio ring-and-pinion for the Chrysler 8.25-inch commonly found in the Jeep XJ. Nitro ring-and-pinions feature a two-year warranty andare made from the highest-quality forgings using state-of-the-art CNC machining.
Nitro Gear
28. Oasis
Front and rear Oasis differential covers are available for '03-'08 Dodge Ram 2500 and 3500 trucks. The covers are constructed from A356.2 aluminum alloy to protect your pickup's running gear from both heat and road hazards. These differential covers feature a fill plug and a magnetic drain plug and have beefy 1/4- to 3/8-inch walls, with a 1/2-inch flange, making them significantly stronger than stock covers.
Oasis Differential Covers
29. Offroad Design
ORD's offers all the pieces to swap a 14-bolt GM into the rear of just about anything. The 14-bolt is a tough axle and can usually be found at a great price. The kit includes new HD U-bolt plates with Grade-8 U-bolts; beefy, fully boxed spring perches; new shock mounting tabs; and a conversion U-joint or yoke to match your driveshaft. Offroad Design can also set you up with a ring-and-pinion to match the front, disc brakes,and several locking diff options.
Offroad Design
30. Off-Road Unlimited
Stock steering components are usually inadequate for trucks with raised suspensions. Severe angles are created, which reduces the turning radius and can cause binding and broken rod ends. ORU's Crossover Steering Kit solves these problems and includes a pitman arm, a drag link, a drag link ends with jam nuts, and a custom steering knuckle that includes the bock, ARP studs, and steering arm. Kits are available for Dana 44, 50, and 60.
Off-Road Unlimited
31. Ox Locker
Ox lockers are completely forged assemblies and are made from heat-treated 8620 steel. They feature an exclusive four-spider-gear design and a back-cut gear-toothlocking ring and locking gear for maximum locking force. This is a 100-percent mechanical design with cable and shifter. Air and electric actuators are now available.
Ox Locker
32. Poly Performance
These high-quality Jeep Wrangler JK ring-and-pinion gearsets are made from the best 8620 gear-steel forgings the company could find. The gears are CNC-machined and heat-treated to exacting specifications. Each gear is finished with extra lapping for an ideal contact pattern and smoother, quieter operation.
Poly Performance Inc.
33. Powertrax
The Powertrax by Richmond Gear combines the smooth operation of a limited-slip differential with the traction of a locking differential. A precise synchronization mechanism eliminates the ratcheting sound typical of other locking differentials. A special gear and spring design reduces the backlash and driveline windup. Installing is simple--no ring-and-pinion setup, special tools, or oils required.
Richmond Gear
34. Quality Gear
Quality Gear has just introduced its line of Predator axles. The shafts are made from 4340 chromoly alloy steel and are designed to withstand the punishments of hard-core off-roading. Predator axles are 39-percent stronger than stock front axles and are extremely hard to twist or break.
Quality Gear
35. Randy's Ring & Pinion
Yukon Gear & Axle has just released its high-performance dropouts for the Ford 9-inch differential. The dropouts are available in both nodular iron and aluminum for both large- and small-bearing applications. The features include 5/8-inch cap bolts for the nodular iron diff and a through-bolt design for the caps in the aluminum type. These dropouts are perfect for rockcrawling or any application where extreme strength is needed.
Randy's Ring & Pinion
36. Red River
If you're looking for parts for your 2 1/2-ton Rockwell axles, you might want to give Red River a call. With multiple warehouses stocked to the gills with new and used military parts, Red River has everything you need, from outer axle seals and axleshafts to complete axle assemblies.
Red River Parts and Equipment
37. Reid Racing
Replace the weak unit-bearing outers on your Jeep Dana 30s with super-strong bolt-on Dana 44 outers. This adapter steering knuckle bolts onto your existing Dana 30 housing and accepts Dana 44 spindles, hubs, and brakes, which also allows you to use lockout hubs. Provisions on the knuckle allow you to bolt on high steer arms. Direct bolt-on replacements for YJ, TJ, XJ, WJ, ZJ, MJ D30, and TJ Rubicon D44.
Reid Racing Inc.
38. Riddler Mfg.
The innovator of the lip-free, ramp-design differential cover offers differential protection that fits most popular off-road axles. The differential covers are cast from high-grade ductile iron using an automated molding process and CNC machining for ultimate quality and consistency. Designed and manufactured in the USA.
Riddler Mfg.
39. Rockcrusher
The Rockcrusher high-pinion 60R features a Tri-Flow design with three oiling galleries for reduced pinion bearing wear. The differential is cast from heat-treated, 100-percent ductile steel. It features three integrated mounting plates with eight tapped holes for custom suspension links.
40. Rough Country
These tough differential guards are now available from Rough Country. They are constructed from high-strength 1/4-inch steel; are available for Dana 30, 35, and 44 axles; and feature drain plug clearance.
Rough Country Suspension Products
41. Rubicon Express
These axle bracket kits are laser-cut from 3/16- and 1/4-inch cold-rolled steel and then CNC-formed for precision and strength. Upgrade the stock brackets on your existing axle before they fail, or use these to outfit your custom axle builds. Rubicon Express brackets are available as a complete kit or separately. Bracket kits available for most models of Jeep.
Rubicon Express
42. Spidertrax
The Spider 9 axle is designed with ultra-high ground clearance, compact size, 50-degree turning knuckles, two-piece billet 4340 and 300M axleshafts, and up to 14-inch-diameter rotors. Spidertrax designed these specifically with the home builder in mind. The company offers complete roller kits as well as free engineering drawings to get your custom axle project off the ground. /
Spidertrax Off-Road
43. Superior Axle & Gear
The Super 8.8 axle system features a 35-percent increase in strength over stock axles. These systems fits '98 and newer Ford Explorer and Mercury Mountaineer housings with disc brakes. The kit includes two USA-made 4340 chromoly axles, two heavy-duty machined axle retainers with spacer rings, 3/4-ton Timken rollers, and two C-Clip eliminators.
Superior Axle & Gear
44. Summit Racing
Summit Value Packs are designed to save enthusiasts money and time. These Value Packs are an easy way to change your ring-and-pinion gears. They take all of the guesswork out and include a ring-and pinion-gear, a ring-and-pinion gear installation kit, a friction modifier, limited slip gear lube, and even an installation DVD.
Summit Racing
45. Tera Flex
Tera's bolt-in CRD60R rear axle features JK-specific, stronger-than-factory bracketry, a heavy-duty oversized outer pinion bearing for strength and heat reduction, and maximum control-arm and trackbar adjustability. Also featured is compatibility with the factory sensor control system information ESP, ABS, and speedometer sensor. The 60CRD also features rolled splines for a stronger shaft, and the 4140 chromoly shafts are available with either 5-on-5 or 5-on-51/2 bolt patterns./
Tera Flex
46. Trail Tough
Double Tough Gen V front axles are the strongest Suzuki Samurai front axles the company has ever offered. The axles are made from 4340 chromoly and feature rolled splines and a Mikronite finish. The shafts are recommended for use with tires 35 inches and up.
Trail Tough Products
47. TSM Mfg.
What's an axle conversion without a quality set of disc brakes? Convert the axle's rear drum brakes to a modern disc brake system with a TSM bolt-on conversion. It offers better braking power, less unsprung weight, and a better ride. Disc brakes will also eliminate problems with mud and water.
TSM Mfg.
48. Warn
The Warn premium 1-ton hub is designed for hardcore use. The all metal construction and ZA alloy dial ensure years of reliable functioning. This dial requires a full nine-tenths of a turn to ensure positive engagement of the inner drive gear to the clutch ring.
Warn Ind.
49. West Coast Differentials
The new Sierra Gear ring-and-pinion sets and installation kits for '07 and newer Jeep JKs are now available. These gearsets come in 4.88, 5.13, and 5.38 ratios for the Dana 44 and in 4.88 and 5.13 for the Dana 30 front. The Dana 44 ring gears have been double-drilled to fit both carriers.
West Coast Differentials


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Excessive rainfall in September is eroding yield expectations for Mid-South corn and cotton crops, according to USDA's Oct. 9 Crop Production Report.
The report, an assessment of crops as of Oct. 1, reduced expected corn yields by 7 bushels in Mississippi, 2 bushels in Louisiana and Arkansas, while raising it 1 bushel in Tennessee. Forecast cotton yields declined in every Mid-South state except Missouri.
U.S. cotton production is forecast at 13 million bales, down 3 percent from last month but up 1 percent from last year. Upland cotton production is forecast at 12.6 million bales, down 3 percent from last month but up 2 percent from last year.
While producers in the Delta region are expecting decreased yield due to excessive amounts of rainfall received during September, upland growers in Alabama and Georgia are expecting record high yields. The American-Pima production was forecast at 367,000 bales.
U.S. corn production is forecast at 13 billion bushels, up slightly from last month and 8 percent higher than 2008. Based on conditions as of Oct. 1, yields are expected to average 164.2 bushels per acre, up 2.3 bushels from September and 10.3 bushels above last year.
If realized, this yield will be the highest on record and total production will be second only to the record set in 2007. Yield forecasts remained unchanged or increased from last month across the Corn Belt, Great Plains, and Ohio Valley where warm, dry weather during much of September helped push the late-developing corn crop towards maturity.
Light frost was reported in parts of the northern tier of the Great Plains and Corn Belt in late September. However, temperatures were not considered low enough to terminate crop growth. Farmers now expect to harvest 79.3 million acres for grain, down 1 percent from the September forecast but 1 percent above 2008.
Meanwhile, the U.S. rice crop appears to dealing with the wet weather, although soggy fields are slowing harvest. Forecast yields rose from last month in every rice-producing state except Arkansas, which remained the same at 6,800 pounds per acre.
Soybean production is forecast at a record high 3.25 billion bushels, up slightly from the September forecast and up 10 percent from last year. Based on Oct. 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 42.4 bushels per acre, up 0.1 bushel from last month and up 2.7 bushels from 2008.
If realized, this will be the third highest yield on record. Compared with last month, yields are forecast higher or unchanged in all states except Michigan, Mississippi, Ohio, and New York.
The largest decrease in yield from the September forecast is expected in Mississippi where persistent rain during the last two weeks of the month increased the potential impact of disease.
Increases of 2 bushels are expected in Kentucky, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Virginia. If realized, the forecasted yield in Alabama, Georgia, and Nebraska will be a record high and the forecasted yield in Arkansas, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania will tie the previous record high.
Area for harvest in the United States is forecast at 76.6 million acres, down slightly from the previous estimate but up 3 percent from 2008.
e-mail: email@example.com


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måndag 7 januari 2013
Full Transcript of Kristen and Garrett's #OTR SB Cinema Society Screening Q & A
"On The Road" (Screening was on 9th December)
Roger Durling with Actors Garrett Hedlund and Kristen Stewart
Roger Durling: Garret, you've been involved with this project from the get-go, how many years has it been?
Garrett Hedlund: Since 2007.
Durling: And I read that you gave up other opportunities with other films to be in this project. What was it that made you so adamant about being a part of it?
Hedlund: You'd be crazy not to, you know when Walter gave me this role, I thought it was one of the most incredible things that had ever happened to me. And also, you know, I was a big fan of the book. I read it for the first time, I was seventeen, and a lot of the other writers from the beats and just literature in general had such a huge influence on me. I felt that to be involved with something as iconic as this was an opportunity of a lifetime, really. And I could go as deep as I could in terms of research, I mean, we had time. The film wasn't greenlit at the point when I signed on, so there was years of meeting the family members of the characters in the book. You know, Dean Moriarity was the alter ego of Neal Cassady, so I spent a lot of time with John Cassady, his son. I got to go to San Francisco and meet with some of the other beat writers and sit down with them. I spent a lot of time reading Kerouac and Cassady and all the letters, I read all of the writers that inspired them – Proust, and Nietzche and Wolfe. So it was, you know, really incredible.
Durling: And Kristen, you've also been involved with this project for a very long time, since, Into The Wild with Sean Penn?
Kristen Stewart: It was a little after that. I think it was in 2007, I was seventeen.
Durling: What was it that attracted you to this role?
Stewart: On The Road was my first favorite book. I read it as a freshman in high school. And then when I heard Walter was directing it I would have done anything to be involved. I would have been his assistant on it. I would have done craft service. The reason you love something, it's so clear. I don't even really remember the details of the initial conversation; I think I just drove away shaking. I mean I was fairly certain. Not necessarily that I would get the part, because it could have been decades and we still would have had to wait fifty years for it to begin, but that I wanted to commit to something like that. Which is obviously, at least the way I remember, so irresponsible of me. I wasn't ready for that part yet, at all. I got involved when Garrett did, and if fifty years had gone by and we'd missed out then it would have been a really painful experience.
Durling: I had a question for Walter, and maybe you can answer this. Why did it take so long? I don't know if everyone knows the history, but Francis Ford Coppola had the rights, correct?
Hedlund: Since 1979.
Durling: Did Walter share with you why it took so long to get the project going?
Hedlund: I mean it definitely wasn't the natural arc that most films are made in. I think it was a struggle to formulate a script that captured the spontaneous style that these guys were living in. But there's something extra all throughout you know, with the crazy cats, conversations, and crazy experiences. Godard was going to do it at one point. And obviously Francis Ford Coppola was going to direct it. Lots of others, I think Gus Van Sant at one point. And Francis had drafted a script all the way back in 79 or 80, and I think it was a big struggle for him to capture the internal rhythm that fueled these guys' journey. Anyone that was going to direct this journey had to find out for themselves which subject matter was to be the most important in the production of the story. And that's not to say, you know, you can read through the book and almost every moment stands out and we shot every scene and we always joked that the DVD was going to be very rich. Lots of cutting room floor material. Walter was initially approached at Sundance when he was there for The Motorcycle Diaries. Someone from Zoetrope, Francis Ford Coppola's company, approached him with On The Road. He felt that as a Brazilian filmmaker, this wasn't his territory whatsoever. While he'd read the book in 1974 and it inspired him so much, and helped make him want to be a filmmaker, it inspired him about the lands of America that had this sense of yearning and freedom. He was never going to agree to the film because he felt that for him it would be necessary to do a cross-country journey; retracing the steps of Kerouac and Neal and the other literary figures that were around. So he did a cross-country journey for four years, before we even shot the film and created, "The Search for 'On The Road'". In doing the documentary he took up so much passion for the people the book and the journey that he found it irresistible.
Durling: Kristen, in the book the women, especially Mary Lou, are shall I say, underwritten. Were you involved in the process of expanding the character of Mary Lou?
Stewart: Yeah, she's definitely on the periphery of the story. I think some of the people behind the characters thought it would be easier to not change the story necessarily and never add anything really. It was always just sort of felt. I think a really common idea in the book is that the women are treated as sort of playthings like they're ambience or sexy wild things
Durling: Which seems like misogyny to some people.
Stewart: Yeah, which is interesting to me because I always hear men say that like, "So hey, don't you think there's a chauvinist feeling to the use of women in the story?" and I think that's a kind of simplistic way of looking at it. They're not on the forefront of the story so you don't know where their hearts or where their minds are. But at the same time, getting to know Luanne especially, I don't think anyone could have taken from her. She was so generous and giving and what she was getting in return was not leaving her empty. The same goes for Dean. She was an incredibly formidable partner and talk about a girl who doesn't know fear. She was just a teenager and it's not a very typical quality for a teenager to have. That like, really hungry and unselfconscious and self-aware thing. It's not common. As soon as I met her daughter, she went into great detail; she's got a killer memory as well, and everything just made sense. I think we were able to feel them instead of having to have to illustrate it. It sort of just came across as we got to know them and how we loved the people.
Hedlund: She's wise beyond her years, this character. I mean, she's the one who left me in New York at the beginning. I just thought Dean and MaryLou were so parallel because she was wise beyond her years, he was as well, and they were kind of just great travelling companions. She was kind of the mirror image of him in a way, because just like that she left him to go back to Denver when she reveals that she has a husband to return to.
Stewart: They kind of helped to raise each other.
Durling: You talked about the research you did for the roles. I read somewhere that Walter did a "Beat Camp" for you guys. Can you describe it? Was that sort of rehearsals or improvisation before?
Hedlund: All of the above. On this film, it went kind of fast. We only had six weeks of pre-production before going on the road for six months to shoot. And four of those weeks we spent in Montreal. We started in the middle of the summer and kind of camped out in this apartment where Sam Riley, Kristen, Walter, and I would all go to and we would have the family members come. John Cassady, Anne-Marie Santos (LouAnne's daughter), and Gerald Nicosia who wrote Memory Babe, a Jack Kerouac biography, who also shared with us hundreds of hours of audiotape of MaryLou speaking of Jack and Neal, which was incredibly powerful. We watched old films that Walter would share with us, Shadows, John Cassavettes, and a film that just saw the light of day, The Exiles, which had been in archival footage for up until maybe five years ago, and it was shot in the fifties. All of the walls surrounding were filled with photos of the characters, the locations of the houses, the locations where we were gonna go, what it looked like then, what it's going to look like now. Jazz was constantly playing. Dexter Gordon, Slim, Jack McQueen, Miles – playing all day along. And all the reading that we had to do. There was hundreds and hundreds of letters that all of these characters wrote to each other. More particularly, Neal Cassady wrote to Jack. They're very personal and uncensored, and from then we got to sort of realize the thought processes and what made everyone tick.
Durling: Kristen, the Hudson is another character in the movie and you obviously spent a lot of time inside this car. What was that experience like, it seemed awfully claustrophobic.
Stewart: Really?
Hedlund: Remember Argentina?
Stewart: Yeah, that got old.
Hedlund: After Montreal we needed snow in August. So we went all the way down to Patagonia in Chile and shot for three days. I remember there was a banana on the backseat floor and that's how you could tell how long the day was by the current state of the banana. Obviously the banana was getting squished on the backseat floor, and whoever was in the backseat would be you know…
Stewart: Making disgusting jokes about the state of the banana that don't need to be repeated here.
Hedlund: They only made the Hudson for about six years; I think the last Hudson was made in '54. It's a wonderful, wonderful car. I bought a '53 Hudson before we started shooting and this was a '49 Hudson but I just wanted to get used to the three on the tree and driving it. All these shots where everybody's in the car, you had to know how to handle this thing. Like when we were shooting the blizzard scenes with my head out the window I was actually driving the car. The camera's just out there, nobody's around so we just did the scene driving down a blizzard road. Walter would be walking and say, "There's a snowplow coming! Do you see the snowplow?" It was like, "I can't fucking see anything just tell him to watch out for me."
Durling: You know, you mentioned Argentina. A lot of these landscapes have disappeared in the United States because of the commercial sprawl and so you had to travel to other parts of the world. Can you tell us about that?
Hedlund: Yeah, after we started in Montreal for about three weeks, went down to Argentina. Flew over to Chile; shot there for three days. Flew up to New Orleans; shot for two weeks. Flew over to Arizona; shot for two weeks. Down to Mexico City, for another three weeks, and after we finished that they said, "We're halfway!" Then there was Calgary for three weeks, Montreal for another month, and then we finished in San Francisco for the last four days of shooting, which were mostly either the interiors with Dean and Camille or driving through Russian Hill. Then, Walter and I went on a three week journey with a five man crew where we took the Hudson from New York to Los Angeles, because with the principal photography we couldn't possibly get all the lands of America throughout the schedule we had. So Walter and I shot the Harlem rooftop scenes there then went out to the Adirondacks to get more snow shots, broke down in Utica, drove through a blizzard to Erie, Pennsylvania, with my head out the window. We didn't have a speedometer or windshield wipers, and our gas can was in the trunk of the car so obviously there was some gasoline high going on as well. We drove with no brakes from Cincinnati to Lexington, Kentucky, then over to Nashville where we tried to find brakes on a Sunday in the Bible belt. We were driving only on back roads too, so it took us eight hours to get to Memphis where it would have taken two hours by freeway. Broke down in Texarkana, Arkansas. Broke down in Lubbock, Texas. Broke down in Las Vegas, New Mexico for three days. Then up through Arizona, down to Phoenix and then where it would have taken five hours by freeway, it took us eighteen hours to get from Phoenix to Los Angeles and that's where we found that railroad that you see in the end credits between California and Arizona. We just stopped to take a photograph and we saw this wonderful railroad track over there. And if anybody knows Neal Cassady or his life, he had died, or was found dead walking from Temple Town, New Mexico on the railroad tracks. And was found between towns where he had gone to revisit the ties that him and Kerouac had had in the city when he was down there for a wedding. So, it was very special that we at least got to have that footage. I didn't even know it had made the cut.
Durling: Kristen, you mentioned MaryLou's daughter…Has the family seen the film? And what was their reaction?
Stewart: Yeah, I think Anne Marie saw it a few weeks ago, we were in San Francisco and she attended a screening with her husband and daughter. I think she's really happy with it. The thing that Luanne always did with her daughter, and probably with many other aspects of her life as well, was that she really kept things separate. Which is why I got a really interesting perspective through her daughter. Her values, and desires, and ideals were pretty varying. And yet she was able to provide herself with the life she wanted to live. I mean afterwards, she was just smiling a lot. Her mother had just passed away right before we were about to get this thing going. Out of a lot of characters in the book, she would have been one of the ones that would have been really enthusiastic and into it and would have loved to talk to us, and it's too bad that it was timed badly. But yeah, I think she's happy with it. She said that she's always really shocked and surprised by that aspect of her mom's life because she came right after. She would tell us stories about people coming back to the house and her mom would never explain to her who they were, so one day she was sitting there, she was sixteen years old and she answered the door to Neal Cassady. He looked at her and–he could always never accept the fact that she wasn't his daughter. So he was always like, "Oh look! She's got my eyes!" when she was a little baby, and Luanne would be like, "Uh, no, she doesn't." Which is crazy, it's always insane to me that they never had a child together after all that. But anyway, Neal looked at her and said, "Oh, you're not as pretty as Jack said you were. Where's your mom?" and she was like, "Who are you?" Then she found out years later who he was, and he had shown up on the bus actually.
Hedlund: Oh yeah, the bus from the Electric Kool-Aid Acid test days. But it's also special, Anne Marie the other night had given each of us a vinyl from her mom's personal collection. Her mom, appreciated her vinyl so much that all of these had her initials on the back in the top right corner so…
Stewart: Yeah, there's a little "Lu" and it's really cute.
Durling: So the jazz, I wanted to ask Walter about the music but one of my favorite moments in the movie is your dance sequence. Was that choreographed, or could you explain how that scene was shot?
Hedlund: Yeah, it was maybe choreographed in the way of memorizing your lines and knowing what to say but having the freedom to improvise. Because at that point, and I know that later we found out that Luanne's favorite dance was the jitterbug but that would have been a little too cliché for this moment, and at that period we couldn't find any reference of dance because they were coming out of swing and moving into be-bop. So we just interpreted that and learned a few interesting steps and what to do, and it was much more on the seductive side. Really we just learned a few steps and Walter would film ten minutes without calling cut. So of course we had to use a song that was cut to ten minutes so those were some of the most exhausting days of the shoot. We were just being maniacal on the dance floor and a big sort of bash was going on but after ten minutes, cut. Then we'd run outside to catch our breath.
Stewart: There was no air in the room either. It was totally like a vacuum. It was hot.
Durling: Well it was a really enjoyable moment. Garrett, this is not a very likeable character. Was it difficult to inhabit for such a long period? I mean he's very seductive and attractive and you're a good looking guy, but he's ultimately despicable.
Hedlund: I think the energy was the most exhausting thing. You know when I first read the book, I always empathized with the Kerouac character, Sal Paradise, because at that time, I was doubling up on credits to move out to Los Angeles and literature was a big thing. I was going through Creative Writing and World Lit at the same time, so seeing his kind of spontaneous prose and his never ending riff on people and places and all aspects of life. Just anything he observed and not being the attraction, but writing about what's attractive and writing about the beautiful imperfections of life. And then when I met with Walter I was so nervous, because reading the book you're so attracted to this energetic nut who had this genius mind that goes on and on and on about how Twain said this and Proust said this because he really wanted to be a writer and he wanted to go to Columbia like Kerouac. So, I remember trying to put these words in my mouth for the first time and it was nerve-wracking, but I had a lot of coffee.
Via robstendreams
Source: sbiff
Upplagd av Mana Alah kl. 15:04
Etiketter: Garrett Hedlund, Kristen Stewart
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|Wexford, Pa.
|High School:
|North Allegheny High School
Collegiate Bests
100m hurdles 15.73
400m hurdles 64.27
Javelin 35.11m
High School Bests
55m hurdles 8.65
100m hurdles 14.7
300m hurdles 44.72
400m hurdles 63.5
400m relay leg 58.8
Javelin throw 110'4"
2011-2012: In indoor track, competed in the 60-meter hurdles at Heps…Eighth in the 60-meter hurdles at HYP…In outdoor track, competed in the 400-meter hurdles at Heps, placing 13th…Fourth in the 400-meter hurdles at the Yale Springtime Invitational…Second in the javelin throw at HY with a personal-best 35.11m.
2010-2011: Academic All-District...Academic All-Ivy...Indoors, fifth in the 60m hurdles at HYP...Outdoors, third in the 400m hurdles at Tribe Open...Threw a season best 32.36m in the javelin at Harvard-Yale to finish fourth...Competed in the 400m hurdles at Heps.
2009-2010: Third in 400m hurdles at Yale Springtime Invitational...Consistently Yale's top hurdler... Ran season best 15.73 in 100m hurdles at Harvard-Yale... Ran season best 64.27 at Heps.
High School: ESPN All-Area Track Team 2008…Fifth in State in 300m hurdles 2008…First in regional championships 2008…14th in Junior Olympic Nationals 400m hurdles 2008…Qualified for outdoor states in 4x400m 2006-2009, 300m hurdles 2007, 2008, 100m hurdles 2008, 2009…Qualified for indoor states in 55m hurdles 2007-2009…Also varsity tennis team member and starter…Shortstop on Western Pennsylvania Championship softball team…First-degree black-belt in taekwondo.
Personal: Earned Goldwater Scholarship, which recognizes undergraduate excellence in science, mathematics and engineering…Intended biology major…Sings in The New Blue…Works in vertebrate paleontology division at the Peabody Museum… Branford College.
I came to Yale because of the wonderful people and the incredible athletic and academic opportunities.


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The day started with a cold rain, that eventually tapered off some in the afternoon, before coming back with a vengeful storm in the evening. The brief respite from the precipitation was mostly well timed for our loud and joyful casserole march through the streets of downtown Chicago.
Our march, targeting the devastating problems caused by economic inequality in our communities, was set to kick off at 3:30 pm from the Thompson Center in the loop. Activists started arriving as early as 2:30 and by march time we had close to 50 brothers and sisters ready to make some noise for justice. we started by heading east to reach the main shopping areas of our fair city. On the march, we stayed on the sidewalks, banging on our pots and pans, shouting and chanting, accompanied by drums and various noise makers. and of course, police were present. We had an escort of 3-5 bike cops, 4-6 walking officers, and at least 2 squad cars. Our casserole march had no real destination, other than the shopping district, so we meandered through streets of downtown Chicago, our destination chosen as much at random as it was to make the officers get some exercise. After marching north on State Street for a while, we headed over further east on Wacker Drive to visit the Hyatt Hotel to deliver a message. We attempted to enter the hotel, but security and police prevented us from accessing the lobby. So we delivered a mic check right in front of their doors, highlighting the myriad of labor battles and terrible worker conditions Hyatt engages in, especially calling attention to the political connections of the wealthy Hyatt Heiress Penny Pritzker and Chicago's 1% mayor Rahm Emmanuel. After that brief stop, we headed north on Michigan, headed for the "magnificent mile", Chicago's premier high end shopping district. Once we crossed the Chicago river, our police escort mysteriously disappeared, so naturally we took the streets. On this particularly busy Saturday afternoon in downtown Chicago, our 50 person #globalNOISE casserole march took over Michigan Avenue for almost a full mile! Traffic slowed as we banged our pots and pans and drums, chanting and inviting others to join. Several people walking by cheered us, and some even joined the fun! the march snaked north on Michigan ave, switching between north and south bound lanes for fun and excitement. At one point a police cruiser did show up, but with a very weak attempt to restore "order", we ignored them and stayed in the street.
After reaching Water Tower Place, the consumerist palace capping the north end of Chicago's magnificent mile, we decided to enter the building to bring our message to the shoppers. immediately upon entering, banging and clanging our metal pots and pans, the mall security set upon us, telling us we had to leave. We of course ignored them and kept moving up the stairs onto the main floor. We made a few circles around the elevators, chanting "while you're shopping, bombs are dropping!", and then exited through a Macy's. Once outside, we began circling in the intersection, waiting for all our comrades. Then we took a quick consensus and decided to head west for a few blocks and then disband the march, regrouping later to discuss and critique the days actions.
Personally, I felt the overall march was a great success. we didn't know how many participants to expect, or have any real expectations for the route of the march. In the end, a good amount turned out and the fact we were able to take Michigan Ave for so long unhindered by the police was quite exciting. The final action of entering Water Tower Place was more than i expected, and i hope provided a much needed element of reality to those blindly consuming goods in those halls of capitalism.
in solidarity,


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Jun 13, 201309:48 AM
Happy Hour
All there is to sip and savor in New Orleans
Summer Drinks, Eats and Reads for Cocktail Lovers
lizerext, stock.xchng, 2007
If you are hearing a few more moans from locals right about now, it probably has nothing to do with the vagaries of local politics, the condition of our roadways or the perceived shortcomings of the Saints defense for the upcoming season.
It's more likely a shared realization that summer is here. Big Time. Suddenly we are feeling for the first time this year the effects of 90 degree afternoon temperatures accompanied by 70 percent or higher humidity. People are crossing the street to get on the shady side. Entering the car, the fan knob on the air conditioning is at the highest setting with the temperature control at the lowest.
Our attention is also turned to the Gulf and the Atlantic just to see if anything is developing out there. Likely the folks living in Minnesota have no interest in the meteorological conditions off the western coast of Africa. We do.
As we seek refuge in our air conditioned oases, then bitch about the Entergy bills when they start rolling in, there are other factors that can make this time of year not just bearable, but pleasurable.
Summer Drinks
Last week, my editor here, Haley Adams, a wonderful newcomer to New Orleans, wrote about the many culinary escapes available to us. Snowballs, of course. Daiquiris, ice cream treats and frozen yogurt.
In a thinly-veiled, and appreciated, attempt not to roll onto my turf, she for the most part glossed over the field of cool summertime alcohol-based beverages. Haley did indicate she was not a fan of daiquiris. I propose she has never had one made right.
Wayne Curtis, also now a New Orleanian, wrote a great volume about rum, the most important ingredient in a daiquiri, in his book And a Bottle of Rum: A History of the World in Ten Cocktails. The book is an entertaining summer read.
Wayne endorses the man, Ernest Hemingway, and his favorite drink, the Hemingway Daiquiri. Here's the recipe:
Hemingway Daiquiri
1.5 ounces light rum
0.75 ounce fresh-squeezed lime juice
0.25 ounce sugar
Pour all ingredients into a cocktail shaker, add ice, shake well. Strain into chilled cocktail glass. Immediately after you make the drink, start making another. (That last sentence is my idea.)
Moving along, for their May 2013 issue, the good people at Wine Enthusiast, have done the heavy lifting and provided us with excellent examples of summertime treats, easy to make and so easy to enjoy.
Screaming Greenie
Recipe courtesy The Tippler, New York City
1 ounce Pernod absinthe
2 ounces Finlandia vodka
8 basil leaves
0.5 ounce lemon juice
1.75 ounces simple syrup
0.5 cup ice cubes
In a blender, combine all the ingredients except a single basil leaf and blend to a slushy consistency. Serve in a Champagne cocktail glass. Garnish with the lone basil leaf. Serves 1.
Frozen Ginger Julep
Recipe courtesy Alex Rein, Kelvin Natural Slush Co., New York City
4 ounces Bourbon
3 ounces fresh lemon juice
.25 cup fresh mint leaves
1 cup spiced ginger syrup (recipe here)
8 cups ice cubes
4 mint sprigs
Combine all the ingredients except the mint sprigs in a blender and mix until smooth. Pour into stemmed or silver julep cups garnish each with a mint sprig. Serves 4.
Want something colder? Variations on a New Orleans theme:
Blackberry Moonshine Sno-Cone
Recipe courtesy Ritz-Carlton Atlanta, Atlanta
0.5 ounce moonshine (unaged whiskey)
0.5 ounce Absolut Berri Açai vodka
1 tablespoon simple syrup
2 tablespoons blackberry purée (put a handful of fresh blackberries in a mixer and purée for 5 seconds)
Blackberries and a mint leaf
Combine all the ingredients except the berries and mint in a cocktail shaker with ice, give it 2−3 gentle shakes and strain over shaved ice in a Sno-cone cup*. Top with blackberries and mint leaf. Serves 1.
Sidewinder Fang Tiki-Cone
Recipe courtesy Daniel Warrilow, general manager and bar director, Son of a Gun, Los Angeles
1 ounce Smith & Cross rum, or another Jamaican rum
1 ounce Atlantico Private Cask, or another molasses-based rum
1 ounce passion fruit purée
0.5 ounce lime juice
0.5 ounce orange juice
Lime peel curl
Combine all the ingredients except the lime curl in a cocktail shaker filled with ice and shake gently. Pour over crushed ice in a Sno-cone cup (or Martini glass). Garnish the glass with the lime peel curl. Serves 1.
Colder still? Boy, you are really hot!
Cantaloupe & Campari Ice Pops
Adapted with permission from People's Pops, by Nathalie Jordi, David Carrell and Joel Horowitz (Ten Speed Press)
1 cantaloupe (about 2 pounds), peeled and seeded
6 ounces simple syrup
2 ounces Campari
Cut the cantaloupe into large chunks and purée in a food processor. You should have about 2.25 cups of purée. Transfer to a bowl or a pitcher with a spout and stir in simple syrup until the mixture tastes quite sweet. Add the Campari a little bit at a time until you can detect its flavor. Pour the mixture into ice-pop molds, shot glasses or ice-cube trays, leaving a little bit of room at the top for expansion. Insert food-grade Popsicle sticks and freeze until solid, 4−5 hours. Unmold and serve. Serves 10.
Summer Read
What a brilliant idea! Take the lovers of one fermented beverage and explain to them what lovers of another fermented beverage seek and like.
A Beer Drinker's Guide to Knowing and Enjoying Fine Wine by Jim Laughren works with two seemingly diametrically opposed ideas and finds common ground.
While beer is traditionally viewed as a thirst slaker, and wine as an accompaniment to dining, Laughren goes for the neutral ground and comes up with something fun. He may be forgiven for his attempts to equate international regional brewing styles with appellation-driven grape juice, but he is giving it a good go. And even if you are not necessarily an avid beer drinker or a wine lover, you will get some excellent knowledge out of this volume.
For wine lovers, it makes for a great refresher course on basic and advanced concepts. For beer drinkers, the vagaries of olfactory characteristics, clonal selection and their effect on the palate, and the "pretentious" rituals of extracting the cork and swirling the wine in particular glassware may remain just that: vague.
He does devote two paragraphs to "legs," and those kinds of statements put knowledgeable wine aficionados on notice that maybe all is not right in hops-land. Legs are an indicator of a wine's viscosity, a not-important consideration, as well as alcohol, which can be read on the wine bottle label before ever examining the wine.
Other than some minor points, such as that one, I found the book really enjoyable and an attempt to lighten up the conversation, which I certainly applaud. Not certain if I am now ready for a cool Albariño or a frosty IPA. Maybe both.
Summer Dining
I told a friend of mine about the upcoming Fried Chicken and Champagne dinner at Coquette in the Garden District. He was stunned. "Do those things really go together?"
I think they do, but there is really only one way to find out.
On Tuesday, June 25, at Coquette, chef Michael Stoltzfus will prepare his fried chicken recipe in a classic, yet modern, Southern style. Accompanying the main treat will be Champagnes that you won't have the opportunity to enjoy every day. Jean-Noel Haton Brut Classic NV, Diebolt-Vallois Blanc de Blanc NV, and J. Dumangin Fils Brut Rosé 1er Cru, Chigny Les Roses.
Dinner begins at 7 p.m., and the cost is $80 per person inclusive of tax and tip, which may be the most important fried chicken dinner you ever had, or maybe the cheapest Champagne dinner. Reservations can be made at (504) 265-0421.


text: Boehner Working to Avoid a Government Shutdown February 26, 2013 08:42 AM Tweet TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By Bloomberg Email Feb. 26 (Bloomberg) -- House Speaker John Boehner said the U.S. House won't act to replace automatic federal spending cuts until the Senate "gets off their ass" and passes a plan. Boehner also accused President Barack Obama of using the military as a "prop" to campaign for a tax increase in the debate over across-the-board spending reductions that will take effect starting March 1. "If the Senate acts, I'm sure the House will act quickly," Boehner told reporters in Washington today. Boehner said Obama isn't "focused" on finding a solution to averting the reductions. The cuts will reduce spending by $85 billion in the final seven months of this fiscal year and by $1.2 trillion over the next nine years. Half of the reductions will affect defense spending, while the rest will be spread over other federal agencies. Obama and Democrats want to replace part of the cuts with higher tax revenue, while Republicans oppose more taxes. The House passed its proposal to avert the spending cuts last year, and the measure expired when the last session of Congress ended in early January. "We have moved a bill in the House twice; we should not have to move a third bill before the Senate gets off their ass and begins to do something," Boehner said. 'Wasn't Real' House Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer said the House's action last year "wasn't real" because Republicans realized the legislation wouldn't pass the Democratic-controlled Senate. This year, House Republicans "have failed to have a single piece of legislation put on the floor" to replace the spending cuts, said Hoyer of Maryland. Michigan Representative Sander Levin, the top Democrat on the House Ways and Means Committee, said his party is sticking to its demand for more tax revenue as part of a deal to replace the spending reductions. "The president isn't going to give way," Levin told reporters and editors at a Bloomberg Government event today. "It's unsustainable to do it simply through cuts in programs." Levin predicted that economic fallout from the cuts, including a potential stock market reaction, will ultimately force a deal to replace them. "It will have an economic impact sooner rather than later," he said. 'Holding Rallies' Boehner said the president is more interested in "holding rallies" than negotiating to find a way to avert the spending reductions. Obama is traveling to a shipyard in Newport News, Virginia, today to talk about the effects of the automatic spending cuts. "It's time for the Senate to act," the speaker said. "It's not about the House." Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell said the president has been warning of "utter chaos" if the spending cuts take effect. "What does it say about the size of government that we can't cut it by 2 or 3 percent without inviting disaster?" McConnell, a Kentucky Republican, said on the Senate floor. "Personally I don't think the world will end." The Senate plans to vote as soon as tomorrow on a a pair of proposals to replace the spending cuts, neither of which is expected to advance. Farm Aid The Senate's majority Democrats propose replacing this year's portion of the reductions with a smaller defense spending cut, a halt in direct payments to farmers, and a tax increase that would impose a minimum 30 percent rate on top earners. Republicans probably will offer an alternative that would give federal agencies more flexibility to cut the required amount of spending. Boehner said he's working to avoid the "threat of a government shutdown" at the end of March when a measure funding government operations will expire. He said he has been working with House and Senate lawmakers on "how best" to craft a stopgap measure that would fund the government through the rest of the fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30. Senator Max Baucus, a Montana Democrat, said both parties need to work together to avoid lurching from fiscal showdown to fiscal showdown. "It's a truism, but like a lot of truisms it's true," said Baucus, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee. Fiscal Gap Some House Republicans said the fiscal gap is not too wide to negotiate more targeted spending cuts to avoid the across- the-board reductions.\ Obama "can sit down with us and negotiate a redistribution of the cuts," Representative Tom Cole, an Oklahoma Republican, said in an interview. "But the cuts are going to occur" in one form or another, he said. "There is a range of options where we would negotiate with the president where he would get some of the things he wants, but he is not going to get revenue, it is just not going to happen," Cole said. Colorado Republican Cory Gardner said a deal is possible, "if not this week then Monday or Tuesday of next week." "The bottom line is cut spending, OK, is there a better way to do it?" Gardner said in an interview. "As a former legislator in Colorado said, 'it's not rocket surgery.'" Hoyer said restructuring the $85 billion in spending cuts without raising more tax revenue wouldn't avert the economic damage that the reductions would create. "Slash it or you target it, it's going to have the same impact of cutting that much money in a very short period of time," Hoyer told reporters. "Most economists believe that cuts of this magnitude" will "undermine job creation and slow growth," he said. --With assistance from Heidi Przybyla, Richard Rubin and Kathleen Hunter in Washington. Editors: Laurie Asseo, Jodi Schneider To contact the reporters on this story: Roxana Tiron in Washington at firstname.lastname@example.com; James Rowley in Washington at firstname.lastname@example.com Back to news


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Escalating gas prices and a lethargic economy born of the 2008 recession have caused workers to adjust commutes, businesses to rethink travel reimbursements and families to take "staycations."
Charitable organizations in McHenry County that rely on volunteers to provide services to home-bound seniors are no different. The organizations and drivers themselves have limited financial resources to meet ever-growing demand.
"It seems like every year it whittles away," Salvation Army Maj. Ken Nichlai said of volunteer drivers caught short by higher gas prices and daily living expenses. "They want to do it for free, and they want to do it for nothing, but there's a cost involved with running their vehicle," he said.
Nichlai oversees The Salvation Army's Golden Diner program in McHenry and Kane counties. He has a shrinking number of volunteers who drive at least 30 miles each day to deliver hot meals to 1,900 seniors who use the program.
An average Illinois driver pays $3.92 a gallon for regular gas, according to AAA reports. That's up from $3.52 a gallon in October 2011. Nationally, drivers pay an average of $3.78 a gallon, up from $3.41 a gallon a year ago.
In an indication of the economic times, the Internal Revenue Service last summer made a rare midyear move and increased the tax deduction rate for business travel, which also applies in volunteer work, to 55.5 cents per mile from 51 cents.
Escalating costs have caused Nichlai to cut his administrative budget, reorganize staff and start looking for paid, part-time drivers to make up for the loss in volunteers.
He currently has 11 volunteer drivers, down from 15 last year and 24 volunteers before the recession.
More volunteers are requesting The Salvation Army's modest gas reimbursement of 14 cents a mile, too, Nichlai said.
"It gets pretty sad when people can't afford to volunteer, especially for a program like this – when they have to make a personal investment into their volunteer activity," he said.
Similar volunteer-organizations, such as Faith in Action in Crystal Lake and Senior Services Associates in McHenry County, also have seen a spike in reimbursement requests.
A shortage in county grant money means Faith in Action won't have enough money to provide reimbursements for the next two months, officials said.
The organization uses almost 400 volunteers to provide services for seniors in the county. Almost 60 percent of requests are from seniors who need some form of transportation assistance, said Executive Director Sarah Ponitz.
The mostly retired volunteers take seniors to doctors' appointments, grocery stores and hair salons.
In an attempt to counter high gas prices, the organization has tried to pair volunteers with seniors who live near one another, and so far, it has yet to see a drop-off in its volunteer base.
"The comment I get is 'It's tough,' " said Susan McCoy, Faith in Action volunteer coordinator. "People are expressing the challenge, but it's not causing them to quit."