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[Page XV English] [Page 398 Hebrew]
In March 1943 ten of us from the Ömler Camp, conducted by the Ömler Road-building Company, were sent to work at the Klecianow quarries near Cusmir. I was fifteen years old in all, and the youngest of the group. Before long we were transferred to the Ostrowce Railway Station, where we loaded tins on lorries. Through the station passed long trainloads of Jews, who asked from time to time, Where is the Treblinka Colony? Instead of answering, the Poles who were working with us used to burst into mocking and sadistic laughter.
On June 3rd, 1943 we were suddenly dismissed from our work and Poles took our places. This seemed strange and suspicious to us. The Poles working while we were idling? That could certainly not be to our advantage! We made up our minds that the safest thing for us to do was to take to our heels and escape.
When it grew dark I slipped out of the camp and climbed onto a freight train which was just passing. Soon after I jumped off and fell between the rails. When I recovered I started to walk off. Naturally I intended to go home. I walked through the fields, gradually approaching the main road that led to Staszów. As I walked I noticed a suspicious movement. I stretched myself on the ground, and fell asleep through weariness and hunger.
When I woke up I heard two voices conferring in hushed tones. It was pitch dark all round. I did not know what to do. I was afraid to move for fear I would be caught. At last I rose to my feet and began to run like a startled hare. The two men also began running away in alarm. I was afraid of them, just as they were afraid of me; and neither side knew who the other might be. But before long I realised that they were also from Staszów, and were escaping like me. They were Gabriel Becker and Aaron Breiter. From them I learnt that the Ömler camp had been liquidated that same day in the town, and that they had jumped off the lorries that were taking the men to Skierziski.
So the three of us continued on our journey to Staszów. We passed through fields, we crossed roads and we moved through forests, while hunger consumed us. So we decided to enter a lonely house at some distance from the village, and ask for food.
When the peasant refused to give us any, we threatened that we would burn his house over his head. The threat worked at once, and the peasant gave Gabriel a loaf of bread. That gave us strength enough to reach the outskirts of Staszów.
By that time it was daylight. While we were crossing the railway lines on our way to the Goliew forest, the Germans saw us and directed a fusillade against us. Each dashed off in a different direction and I was left on my own. Young as I was and without any experience at all, the loneliness oppressed me very much. I though that if I remained near the main road I might come across one of the Jews. All of a sudden a man appeared with a weapon in his hands. I was sure that this was a Jew hiding in the forest, but promptly learnt of my grave mistake, which only by a miracle did not cost me my life. This was a Pole, an A.K. man.
He stripped me of my upper garments and went his way, remarking: It would be a pity to waste a bullet on you.
Now my position was much worse. I was all alone with nothing to eat but forest plants, and without any clothing to cover me properly. I spent about a fortnight like that, trying to think up all kinds of ways of helping myself, but at last I gave up in despair. I could not see any way out. More than once I made up my mind to surrender to the Germans, comforting myself with the illusion that maybe some miracle would happen in spite of everything, and they would send me to work. During that fortnight I was far more afraid of men than animals are. But since I had no choice I overcame my feelings, and one night I went off to a neighbouring village. When I approached the fences round the houses and saw washing drying in the open I took down a number of pieces to cover myself, for I trembled with cold at nights and then went back to the forest.
So the problem of clothing was solved, and that made things much easier, but what next? To be sure, my will to live gave me plenty of energy. I was determined to pass through this bad time whatever might happen. But meanwhile my stomach was empty, my head was aching and how could I help myself?
So I made up my mind to seek and find Jewish brethren in distress. I traversed vast distances. I never spent two nights in the same place. At first, I was absolutely lost in the forest, but before long I became as familiar with it as though I had been born there, and learnt to recognise every corner. I did my best to keep near dense woods, first as a matter of safety and second because I thought I might find Jews there, hiding from any watchers. Animals whose very names I did not know were there in plenty, but I became accustomed to them and they became accustomed to me, and I regarded myself as one of them.
But when a few more days passed without my finding any townsfolk, I once again succumbed to sad thoughts and began to fear for the handful who were still left over. When things were at their worst I remembered tales I had heard at school about a large lake of sweet water where those who rambled in the forest used to bathe. It was obvious that if there were any Jews still alive they would need water. So I began a fresh series of feverish searches, hunting for the lake which might deliver me from my nerve-racking loneliness. Yet in spite of all my efforts I did not succeed. To be sure, I found several streams, but their water was so polluted that it was impossible even to imagine that it could ever have served for bathing in normal times. Still I haunted their banks for several days but in vain. A dreadful despair penetrated to my very bones. Once again I began to think about giving myself up. And in my depression, physical weariness and bitter hunger I fell fast asleep.
When I woke up the feeling of hunger was distressing me even more. Little by little I was losing my strength. With stumbling steps I sought this way and that for food of any kind. All of a sudden I saw two men at a distance. They must have seen me as well and began to move off. My first thought was that they must be the men from whom ! had parted when the Germans shot at us. But taught by experience I did not hurry to show myself. After all, maybe these two were also A.K. men who were out to kill us? I tried to keep track, but in the thick woods I completely lost all trace of them. Still, I did not leave the area. My heart told me that Jews were to be found thereabouts,
Meanwhile day followed day. My ears were pricked to catch any sound or whisper. I looked for signs of human life. The birds sang, the wild beasts screeched and squealed -- but the voice of the Jews had become silent.
With much difficulty I overcame my depression and went on waiting near the brooks and the springs. Did I have any choice? This was my only support, thanks to which I still managed to keep going somehow. And at length I had my reward.
Two men appeared at the waterside to fill their vessels. My nervous tension reached its height. Although I did not know whether these were Jews or not I could not restrain myself but shouted in Yiddish: Who is there?
There was a tense silence. I called again and saw from the distance that they were arguing together. Then came the sound of some one whistling. It seemed to me that the tune was the familiar Yiddish folksong Oif dem Pripetchok (On the Hearth).
Since I did not know the signal I shouted my name and the name of my parents, and called that I was one of those who had run sway from the Ömler Camp. They called me over to them. I became frightened. Maybe they were trying to trap me? Without moving from my place I asked, And who are you?
There was silence again. Then at last they gave their names, and to my great joy I found that these were Nathaniel (Sana) Ehrlich and Shealtiel Chanzinsky-Gersht. We fell on one another's necks and embraced each other for a long time. I felt as though I had been reborn. At last, after these nerve-racking wanderings all on my own and in absolute want for about three weeks, I was with my townsmen once again!
I was particularly happy with Nathaniel, whom I had known when I had been studying under his father Reb Yitzhak Melamed. And I should add that Nathaniel had been the most advanced of us. He also knew the reckonings of the Sabbaths and the months, and could calculate all that was needed for the Jewish Calendar.
Now I went with them and found some more townsfolk: Aaron Kunas, Joseph Goldfluss, Mordechai Goldfluss with all his family, and some others. Among them were entire families who had run away from other places and even people who came from other towns. While I was with them I learnt how to live and fit myself into forest life. I knew the meeting places and the signals. It was easier for me in all respects, and I felt incomparably better.
But my joy did not last very long. One day we were attacked. A hail of bullets was emptied at us as though it were the firing line. We did not see the attackers. We scattered in every direction. I ran away with Zvi (Hashu) Goldfluss, and we hid in a dense thicket. When it became dark we made for the meeting place. Only Nathaniel and a very few more arrived there besides us. We understood that something dreadful must have happened, and went back to the place of attack during the night. There we saw the dreadful scene. All the others had been killed and only a handful were left. It was very painful to think that their suffering had been in vain. But we overcame our grief, buried them and moved away to a different wood.
Mid-July, 1943
From time to time we were joined by other Jews, who had hidden with Poles and had been driven away by them empty-handed. We mustered twenty-five people, including the wife of Ginger Meir (der Gele Meir) and her little child. In spite of the inhuman conditions, I looked after the woman and her child just as I did after myself. And here I feel it my duty to mention one kind village in the neighbourhood, Czajkow. During those dreadful days, when everybody and everything was united in order to blot out the name of Jew from the earth - it was something exceptional to see the humane way the villagers behaved. these simple people helped us of their own free will, and without receiving any money in return. From them we often heard some kind words, quite apart from the money, loaves of bread and boiled potatoes they gave us from time to time. It was true that the potatoes were sometimes rotten, but to us they seemed like royal dainties. We would fall on them and consume them with an appetite that no normal person is capable of imagining.
Naturally this was not all we lived on. From time to time we raided the potato fields of the district, and brought the potatoes to the forest to satisfy our hunger. That is how we kept up our miserable existence. Weeks passed in this way.
One day one of us went to fetch water. Within a very short while he came back to tell us that on the path in the forest he had seen a great many Jews.
My longing for more Jews made me forget my common sense, and without thinking much I went out to meet them. But these turned out to be Poles, A.K. men. One of them saw me in the distance and ordered Hands up!' I had no alternative except to obey the order.
As he made his way towards me between the tall branching trees and approached to a distance of three to four metres, I slipped off one of my heavy wooden clogs and flung it in his face with all my force. The blow was enough to confuse him for a moment. I used the opportunity and began to run away towards our wood. When I got there I saw several dead bodies. I went on running. It was my bad luck that I ran exactly in the direction of the bandits, who were chasing those who had succeeded in escaping. So I stuck my head once again into grave danger. As I ran I saw an A.K. man standing by Nathaniel, ordering him to lie down and shooting at him. A calculated movement on Nathaniel's part must have given the murderer the impression that he had finished his victim, for he left him there and began to chase me and shoot after me. I ran like a deer until I was far enough away not to be in danger of a shot, and so was delivered from the claws of death once again.
As I sat down to rest I asked myself, where does the strength come from for such an inhuman struggle, a struggle which there are no prospects of ever ending? Wouldn't it he better to he with these who have already fallen and ate sleeping their eternal sleep without any fear or worry, instead of the suffering we can expect? Yet those moments of despair could not hold sway over me. A tremendous internal force always drove me on, and did not permit me to surrender to the bitter realities no matter what might happen.
I rose and made my way to our meeting point. About ten of us came together, and we returned to the place of slaughter. Heart-broken, we buried those who had fallen and who only a short time before had been struggling, praying and hoping together with us. We said the Kaddish, while on the tip of each tongue was the question: Who is going to say Kaddish after us?
Among these who fell in that attack were: Haya Glatstein, the wife of Meir Glatstein, and her seven-year-old son; the sisters Ionia and Sylvia Friedmann; Moshe Ber Kirschenwuerzel; and Pesah Goldfluss, the son of Mordechai Goldfluss.
Once again we faced the question -- where should we settle down?
After prolonged discussion and weighing all kinds of possibilities we decided that the best thing to do was us go back to one of the places where we had been, and where a few of our dear townsfolk had already been killed. The logic, if any, was very simple. Since the place was already known, nobody was likely to imagine that we would dare to return to it. And hence it was the safest place. And once again we began to raid the fields in order to garner potatoes for the approaching winter.
Winter, 1944The winter began. We did our best to remain in our hiding places, so as not to leave any tracks in the snow which provided us with water. Since we had no matches, we never put out the camp fires we lit in order to boil potatoes and warm our suffering and shivering bodies. Instead we covered them with earth so as to preserve the glowing embers.
Our stock of potatoes dwindled steadily. Our rations decreased from day to day. At last everything was finished and the problem of what to do next had to be faced in all its urgency. A spiritual depression which paralyzed every idea and initiative spread throughout the group. We all sat in our places as though we were petrified without knowing how to continue. The situation was beyond despair, so the shadow-men began quarrelling. One sent another to do something. There were no volunteers. Not one of us had the spiritual and physical strength for any initiative at all. Yet staying there in a state of absolute starvation meant certain death.
In this hopeless situation I decided to do something. I told Nathaniel I would go out that night, and said goodbye and left without any plan at all. I reached the main road, wandered this way and that and did not know where to turn. Grave doubts troubled me. I was startled by my own daring and decided to go back, but remembered the death by starvation which was in store there. After a harsh internal struggle, I decided to rely upon fate which had already delivered me from dangerous situations, and to make my way to Staszów.
I reached Stazhow after two or three hours, crossed the Stodolna Street and prepared to enter the home of a Pole named Rotkwsky. I raised my hand to knock at the window and drew it back.
The will to live that was within me whispered that Poles were not to be trusted.
At that moment an idea struck me: To enter the cowshed, take out a cow and bring it to the gang. With the speed of lightning and complete internal tranquillity I did so.
I left the town together with the cow. There was dead silence all round while I prayed that nothing should go wrong on the way, and that I might arrive at the haven of my desire together with my precious spoils.
There was not a living soul to be seen all the way, but one thing worried me. If no more snow were to fall they would certainly discover my tracks next day, we would all be in grave danger. But there was no way hack, so I went ahead. To my and our good fortune, my prayer was heard and snow began to fail That gave me redoubled strength and assurance. With vigorous paces we made our way and reached Goliew just as the dawn broke. I tied the cow to a tree and entered the wood from a slightly different point, in order to wait until the day had passed and then make my way hack home after dark. I rubbed my body all over with snow in order to warm myself, and sat down to rest.
That day lasted forever. When it became dark I began to move till I approached the exit point. I listened feverishly, making every effort to catch any sign of life, hut there was absolute silence all round. In spite of the darkness I could recognise the place well, and was quite sure that I had not made a mistake. But still I began to be afraid that I had made some mistake, that my tiredness and hunger had confused me and misled me. And maybe this was the place, hut possibly they had been found while I was away, and were no longer alive. Confused with these thoughts and doubts I stretched out on the ground in order to rest and think things over. To make things worse I had also forgotten the agreed signal. And even if I had remembered, it is very doubtful whether it would have been wise or useful to make use of it. For there were good ground for the suspicion that the A. K. knew our signals.
I could see no other choice, so I whistled. There was no response, but it seemed to me that I saw a spark. Maybe they are trying to light a fire, I thought to myself, and they are blowing on the embers; and of course that takes a long time. ! waited for quite a while hut could see nothing. I whistled again and at last received a reply from Nathaniel. Then I announced my tidings.
They were all astounded at my success. Nathaniel prepared water. We killed the cow with a little axe we had in our possession. It was very hard indeed to cut the animal into pieces without any tools, but we overcame that as well. We placed the pieces of meat in a pail of snow-water and began to boil it. But who had the patience to wait, after ten days of almost complete starvation, for the meat to cook properly? Within a moment we fell on the meat before it had grown cold and began to devour it like wild beasts.
The problem of food was solved for six weeks. This had a good effect. It became clear to us all that there was no reason to despair in a hurry, and that initiative and daring made it possible to find ways of getting out of our straits in any situation. Our spiritual feeling improved boundlessly. We wanted to live and go on struggling. Even Aaron Breiter, who was more depressed than all of them, came to life again.
Now a way had been found. When the meat gave out Joseph Goldfluss and some one else went off, to try their luck as well in fetching a beast. They were also successful but then for some reason we began quarrelling, and during one loud argument it seemed to us that Uszmial the forest keeper had noticed us. We left the cow and vanished in a hurry.
Two hours later we heard shots from the direction of the spot we had left behind. We had escaped, to be sure, but now it was clear to us that our situation, which was bad enough in any case, had become far far worse. Henceforward it was obvious to the A.K. men and the Poles in general, who had not seen us for a long time and must have supposed that we had perished of starvation and cold, -- that we were still alive. And what was more, that we were stealing their property. So we decided to leave the whole district and move to the neighbourhood of Oszich.
But it was impossible to stay for any length of time. The forest in that neighbourhood was entirely different from our own district. No dense woods and thickets were to be found there, suitable for shelter and concealment. And in that district the forest was closer to the villages as well. In brief, the spot was entirely unsuitable for us. In that district, to be sure, the problem of the Jews had been completely forgotten because not a living Jew had been seen thereabouts for ever so long. Still, it was a very dangerous challenge to stay there almost in the open, plain to any passer-by. So as there was no other solution we returned some time later to the Staszów district near Czajkow. The friendly attitude of these visages had not changed. In particular I should mention a certain peasant family named Totach, whose friendly behaviour and help, although it was meagre, raised our spirits more than once. In the course of those wanderings from district to district Nathaniel, another fellow and I separated from the Goldfluss family. When we returned to the Czajkow neighbourhood we met them again, and after that we continued to stay together.
Spring 1944
The Spring of 1944 arrived. Heavy rain beat down ceaselessly upon us. We turned into bundles of withering shrivelled rags. The cold penetrated our 'dry bones, worse than in Winter. Our capacity for endurance grew steadily less. Nathaniel and I decided to go to the village and steal into some building or other in order to be done even for a single night with this distressing rain. We entered a properly built outhouse belonging to one of the rich peasants. Our plan was to stay under a roof until dawn and then go back. But weariness triumphed and spoiled our plans completely. We fell asleep with the good feeling of people who had been compelled for many months to live in the open air, had suddenly been brought on a rainy night into a house, and had fallen into a pleasant sleep just because they were there.
It is not surprising that we slept until late in the morning, and we would certainly have gone on sleeping if we had been allowed to. But suddenly we woke up to the sound of a heavy blow on the door. We understood at once how dangerous our situation was. From time to time the peasants banged at the door with all their force, while we kept it closed from the inside with whatever strength we had. And meanwhile all the villagers assembled there.
In the interval between one blow and the next we managed to take out a board at the back, and burst out and ran off. By the time the peasants realised what had happened we were quite a distance away. And so we were saved once more from a situation which might have cost our lives. Back we went to the woods, and never acted so light-headedly again. Sometimes we went to Czajkow in the evenings, where we waited beside the haystack of Mrs. Anielka until she came out and brought us some boiled potatoes. And one evening she told us about the rumours that the Russians would soon be there.
In our despair we could not believe that we would still live to be free human beings. But we kept it in mind and waited in tense anxiety for their arrival. Before very long we heard the rattle of tanks from the direction of the main road.
Then we became dreadfully afraid. We felt that these must be the Germans, who at this very last moment were planning to liquidate us once for all. So we did our best to hide and make ourselves as small as possible in our holes until the fury had passed.
The dreadful and terrifying sleepless night passed, and the traffic died down. We breathed freely again. When we came to Czajkow a few days later they told us that those had been Russian tanks, which had passed and visited the village too.
During those fateful days we did not part from one another. When our water supply gave out, we went together to the spring. And then came the great moment for which we had hoped so much. A file of Russian soldiers were advancing towards us! We ran towards them and fell into the hands of freedom.
[Page XXII English] [Page 449 Yiddish]
As soon as the Germans commenced their attack on Russia in June 1941, the mass extermination of the Jewish population began. Wherever the Germans came seas of Jewish blood were shed, with the voluntary and active participation of Ukrainians, White Russians, Lithuanians, Letts and Poles. It is true that even earlier, when the Germans had taken over Poland, the Jews had been subjected to all kinds of murderous excesses. But since they did not assume a mass character the Jews, who are always optimists, believed that this was merely a temporary development.
Their faith was strengthened by the fact that after a certain time the situation had actually quieted down slightly and it began to seem that in spite of the harsh decrees and laws voided on the heads of the Jews and making normal life impossible, the great majority would still be able to emerge with their bare lives.
But once the German troops began appearing in Russian Occupied Territory the situation took a radical turn to the worse. News soon spread about dreadful events. All kinds of strange tales passed from mouth to mouth about the mass murder of Jews in the Eastern Provinces of Poland. The information which began to spread more rapidly and in ever greater detail was naturally difficult or impossible to check, in the absence of any contact between Jews and the outer world. So people did not believe, chiefly because they did not wish and were unable to credit the cruel truth which beat so obstinately and continuously at our ears.
Seeing is Believing
In March, 1942, refugee fugitives arrived from Mieletz, a small Galician town not far from us, and brought details of the terrifying destruction of the defenceless Jewish population there by the Germans. Three thousand people had been killed on the spot, while close on another three thousand had been expelled naked and barefoot into the Polish frontier districts. Only then did we begin to understand what the word Resettlement meant for the Germans, those masters of using innocent terms for their gravest crimes.
Later other refugees arrived, who had escaped from the death transports being taken to Maidanek, Belzec and Treblinka, the Jewish extermination camps. They arrived in town and gave eye-witness accounts of the overwhelming calamity which had befallen the Jewish population. Then it began to become clear that we were not facing individual or sporadic cases which had no logical connection; but that this was a carefully thought-out and diabolically prepared plan with the purpose of bringing about the absolute physical destruction of the Jewish people.
The Judenrat or Jewish Council found itself faced with the exceedingly difficult task of establishing and obtaining the legalisation of the so-called shops; workshops for the repair and sewing of military uniforms and boots. Unlike earlier workshops, everything had to be created here from the very start. It was necessary to establish the initial conditions without which it was quite impossible to set up the working places. First there had to be premises. Second, the tools and equipment had to be provided, And third, legalisation was necessary.
It was easy to find places for setting up the workshops. The Synagogue, the House of Study and the neighbouring Gymnasium (high school) were chosen. But the other two problems of finding the tools and equipment were far more difficult. It is easy to imagine the feelings of a Jewish craftsman who had been using his machine all his life long, and who knew that this was his only means of making a living, when he was suddenly called upon and compelled to hand it over. There were absolutely heart-rending scenes when the machines were requisitioned, in spite of the fact that as compensation the owners were taken on to be employed in the workshops.
And yet the legalisation of these workshops was even more difficult; and incomparably so.
This was the height of the season for Jewish extermination activities. Yet at this gruesome period it was necessary to establish contact with the German Company in Cracow which held the concession and was under the supervision of the all powerful KS. When at last, thanks to boundless self-sacrifice, devotion and bribery, the Judenrat, with the cooperation of a few energetic persons who did not belong to it, did finally succeed in arranging everything, days of tension and expectation began again as we waited for the promised transports of material, clothes and leather for the actual work -- the transports without which the entire undertaking would naturally be worthless.
During those days all kinds of contradictory reports spread through the town. Optimists brought all kinds of signs and wonders to disprove the arguments of the pessimists. It was no trifle, after all! The lives of several hundred Jews, in the most literal sense of the word, depended on the positive or negative reply to the question. And when the consignment did actually appear at the end of October, Staszów did calm down a little. There was a breathing-space. People tried to persuade themselves that they might after all still succeed in escaping from the angel of death, with the aid of the angel of death himself.
No sooner was the chapter of the consignment finished than a new chapter began that caused no less nervous tension. This time we were waiting for the German Commission which was due to come, and approve and confirm the last hope of a few hundred Jews. And when that Commission arrived shortly before Resettlement, everything in town seethed like a boiling kettle. The only question that held sway was Hamlet's: To be or not to be? Would the Commission confirm the workshops or not? When the Judenrat announced that the workshops had been recognised and as a result eight hundred Jews had been automatically legalised, believed that what they had achieved by dint of great effort, much money and nerves had not been in vain; and the townsfolk breathed more easily.
0. D (Ordnungsdienst)
The so-called O.D. constitutes a special chapter in the tragic Jewish struggle for life during the Nazi period. The German authorities had demanded as early as 1941, that the Judenrat should establish these Ordnungsdienste or Constabulary Services. Formally speaking the task of the O.D. was to maintain law and order among the Jews. But the true intention of the Germans was to execute their devilish extermination plans with the help of the Jewish victims themselves.
To begin with, this Police Force consisted of a dozen or so men, because there were very few volunteers for such a doubtful honour as this. But later their number increased considerably and amounted to sixty-odd, particularly after the Germans promised security of life and freedom of movement not only for them themselves but also for their families.
When that happened quite decent and worthy young fellows, including married men, also volunteered and even paid well in order to make their way into the Police Force.
The behaviour of the Jewish police at critical moments was far from decent, and was on occasion very brutal. But because of the abnormal conditions of that tragic period I do not feel that I am competent to condemn the O.D. and their activities.
So I rely on the historian to declare an objective verdict about this painful matter.
In June, 1942, the Germans ordered the establishment of a Ghetto for the Jewish population of Staszów. The Jews were compelled to leave the northern side of the Marketplace, the Apta Road, the Koszczielno Road and the suburb called the Folwark. The main gate of the three other sides of the market where Jews were still permitted to live had to be blocked up by them.
The boundaries of the Ghetto, which was in two parts, were the following:
One part included the real exit from the south and eastern sides of the market with the surrounding streets, such as Gurna and Dolna Ritwianka streets, Popvzeczna and the little streets running down to the river.
The second part consisted of the rear exit on the western side of the market, with the Synagogue and Dluga streets and the surrounding cross-streets.
The Cracow Road, which was the only connection between the two parts of the Ghetto, and that only during two hours of the day, had to be run across quickly in order not to pollute the Aryan streets with the presence of Jews.
Sleeping in our Clothes
Until the time of the Ghetto, when Jews were still living in their own homes and for the greater part had their own shops save for a number of economic branches (groceries, textiles and leather goods which from the beginning had been officially confiscated and with which we were forbidden to deal), the situation had been difficult and even hopeless. Nevertheless people still managed to find ways and means of doing things, and maintained some kind of contact with the surrounding Polish population. But with the closing off of the Ghetto there was a drastic change. The snapping of every contact with the non-Jewish surroundings gave us the unequivocal knowledge that our bitter fate was very rapidly approaching.
The situation became worse and more unbearable from day to day. Many slept for weeks on end in their clothes, awaiting the dreadful end. Others became absolutely indifferent to their approaching fate. There were also some who actually prayed that it should come quickly, in order to deliver them as speedily as possible from the hellish nightmare which oppressed their broken hearts.
The Small Ghetto
The roughly twelve hundred surviving legal Jews were crowded together into a small Ghetto which consisted of a few tiny side streets and squares round the Synagogue and House of Study, as far as the Old Cemetery. It was walled off with barbed wire.
There as well a large number of illegal Jews began to gather. They included people who had come out of hidden bunkers which had. become unsafe, and also those driven away by Poles who had robbed the Jews of everything in their possession.
The Summing Up
The war was survived, thanks to all kinds of accidents and chances, by 400 people amounting to about 8% of the Staszów Jewish population before the war, arid about 5% of its population during the war.
At the same time I wish to stress that all those who escaped owe their lives to chance and only to chance; for according to German law literally not a single Jew should have survived.
That is the tragic summing-up of the Jewish Community of Staszów, which had been deeply rooted there for hundreds of years.
And I cannot refrain from admitting, in view of this terrible catastrophe which struck our own brothers, that this was also the inevitable result of their belief and trust in other peoples.
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Edmunds Says
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Spacious cabin, powerful and fuel-efficient V6, plush ride quality, top crash test scores, high resale value.
Constants can be strangely comforting. Knowing, for example, that your Grandma's tasty lasagna or your tennis partner's solid serve are going to be as you expect may even cause warm and fuzzy feelings. Of course, in some cases constants can wane over time -- such as the Red Sox losing or Paul McCartney producing good music.
As one of the best-selling vehicles over the past 20 years, the Toyota Camry has been a comforting constant in its own right. Buyers are frequently working on their third or fourth Camry because of their prior positive experiences. The 2009 version of this Toyota stalwart continues to offer what most folks are looking for in a mainstream midsize family sedan: a roomy cabin, a comfortable ride, an easy-to-drive demeanor and a reputation for reliability and low maintenance costs. A strong resale value doesn't hurt either. However, like Sir Paul, this automotive constant has started to wane.
The current generation of the Camry is the largest version of the car yet. Although categorized as a midsize car, the Camry offers plenty of passenger room front and rear. This is also the most muscular Camry ever, with an available 268-horsepower V6 at the driver's beck and call. Matched to a smooth six-speed automatic transmission, that powerhouse can propel this family sedan to 60 mph in just 6.5 seconds -- as quick as some sport sedans and coupes. It also returns fuel economy that's impressively close to that of a four-cylinder Camry.
Likable as it is, the 2009 Toyota Camry has some significant caveats. One is that its historically excellent build and materials quality has slipped in the last few years, and reliability has slipped. Competitors who have trailed the Camry in the past have stepped up their game, surpassing the Toyota in many areas. One in particular is handling -- in spite of its quickness and speed, the Camry is not an athlete, placing light-effort driving over communicative steering that would lend a sense of confidence to the driver. For those who prefer greater feedback and a more involving driving experience, the Chevrolet Malibu, Honda Accord, Mazda 6 and Nissan Altima are worthy of close consideration.
And then there is pricing -- the ever-popular Camry commands a premium over value-packed rivals such as the Malibu, Ford Fusion and Hyundai Sonata. Of course, there is the Camry's chief competitor, the Honda Accord, which provides a more involving drive, though not as hushed a freeway ride as the Toyota. It also beats the Camry in terms of cabin materials and build quality.
With so many strong entrants in this segment, back-to-back test-drives are encouraged. Though the 2009 Toyota Camry may be as enticingly familiar as flannel pajamas on a cold winter's night, savvy consumers may find that trying on brand X yields an even more comfortable fit.
Body Styles, Trim Levels, and Options
The 2009 Toyota Camry is a midsize four-door sedan that comes in four trim levels -- base, LE, SE and XLE. The base Camry comes only with a four-cylinder engine, while the other trims offer a choice between the four-cylinder and a V6.
The base Camry features 16-inch steel wheels, air-conditioning, a six-speaker CD audio system with an auxiliary input jack, a tilt and telescoping steering wheel, cruise control, full power accessories and a 60/40-split-folding rear seat. The Camry LE adds keyless entry and an eight-way power driver seat.
The SE includes a sport-tuned suspension, 17-inch alloy wheels, and special interior and exterior styling details. The luxurious XLE reverts to the LE's softer suspension settings and 16-inch wheels while treating its occupants to a 440-watt JBL sound system (with an in-dash CD changer and satellite radio), Bluetooth connectivity, automatic dual-zone climate control (with a cabin air filter), reclining rear seats, a moonroof, wood-tone accents and, on the V6 model, leather seating. Note that neither the SE nor the XLE offers the folding rear seat, though each has a center pass-through.
Most buyers' needs should be satisfied by the assorted trim levels. However, a few key options are available, including a navigation system, a sunroof and heated seats. A keyless ignition system is available on XLE V6 models.
Powertrains and Performance
All Camrys are front-drive and the standard engine on all trim levels is a 2.4-liter four-cylinder rated for 158 hp and 161 pound-feet of torque. In most states, the four-cylinder carries Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV) certification. It meets the more stringent Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle (PZEV) standard in California-emissions states, but has slightly lower output ratings -- 155 hp and 158 lb-ft.
With the four-cylinder engine, one may choose either a five-speed manual or a five-speed automatic transmission, except on the XLE, which is automatic only. Performance is relatively spirited, as we've timed a four-cylinder with the automatic at 8.9 seconds for the 0-60-mph drill. Regardless of which transmission is selected, fuel economy ratings are 21 mpg city and 31 mpg highway.
For those seeking a swifter Camry, there is the 3.5-liter V6 that pumps out 268 hp and 248 lb-ft of torque. A six-speed automatic is the sole transmission choice. Outfitted as such, the Camry can sprint to 60 mph in just 6.5 seconds, while fuel economy is still impressive at 19 city/28 mpg highway.
Every 2009 Toyota Camry comes with antilock brakes (with brake assist), front-seat side airbags, full-length side curtain airbags and a driver knee airbag. Stability control (which includes traction control) is optional across the line.
In crash tests conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the Camry earned a perfect five stars in all frontal- and side-impact categories. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety gave it the top rating of "Good" in its frontal-offset and side-impact crash tests.
Interior Design and Special Features
In base and LE models, the Camry's interior is more about function than flash. Large controls are logically placed, and the wide seats easily accommodate most body types. There are plenty of functional storage cubbies, too. One of the few exceptions to the hyper-practical design dictum is the stylish ice-blue backlighting for the audio and climate controls.
The upper trims step up the style and comfort level a bit -- the XLE features simulated bird's eye maple accents that are so convincing you might find yourself breaking out the furniture polish when detailing the car. The XLE also features a luxury not typically seen in this segment -- reclining rear seats. Trunk capacity measures around 15 cubic feet.
Sadly, build and materials quality aren't up to the high standard set by previous-generation Camrys. Specifically, we've noticed that some plastics are mediocre in quality and the panel fitments aren't uniformly precise. Many competitors are now better.
Driving Impressions
Although the base four-cylinder engine should be adequate for most buyers, a more appealing choice for those who can spend more is the smooth and vigorous V6, which transforms the Camry into one of the fastest mid-priced sedans on the road, with barely any penalty in fuel efficiency.
However, all that power isn't quite in keeping with the Camry's lackadaisical driving dynamics. A soft, quiet ride characterizes the Camry's on-road demeanor, and unless you opt for the more firmly sprung SE model, this Toyota asks its driver to forgo all involvement in the motoring experience. The overriding impression is one of a serene and somewhat isolated feel from the road compared to more athletic competitors. Toyota knows that the majority of buyers in this market segment are more interested in comfortable, stress-free travel than tearing through corners, and the refined and very capable 2009 Toyota Camry should prove satisfactory with them.
Read our Toyota Camry Long-Term 20,000-Mile Test

subset: commoncrawl


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(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved.
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There is currently no available "Beginner" label. The following is the default level label: This bridge, constructed in 1877, was the seventh bridge to span the Connecticut River at Sunderland, Massachusetts. The six previous bridges were built and financed by groups of private investors. These investors charged tolls to maintain the bridge and hopefully, turn a profit. Unlike its wooden predecessors, this steel girder bridge was financed not through tolls, but by the towns of Sunderland, Deerfield, and Whately, as well as by Franklin County. The bridge pictured here stood until the devastating flood of 1936, when the Montague City bridge tore loose and floated downstream, crashing into and destroying the Sunderland bridge.
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A10 Will Soon Ship Products Compliant with Trade Secret Injunction
A10 Will Appeal Ruling and Verdict
Feb 13, 2013, 06:20 ET
SAN JOSE, Calif., Feb. 13, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- A10 Networks, Inc., the technology leader in Application Networking, announced that on February 12, 2013, Magistrate Judge Paul Grewal of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California granted Brocade Communications Systems Inc.'s ("Brocade") request for a permanent injunction related to certain trade secrets. The Court explicitly excluded from the order A10 products with redesigned code that A10 has lawfully developed. After the verdict and out of prudence, A10 began lawfully developing redesigned code and will soon begin shipping compliant products. The order has no impact on customers' use and possession of, or on A10's ability to support, AX Series units shipped before the order.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130103/SF36188LOGO)
"A10 has always acted lawfully and properly, and it will appeal the jury's verdict and the court's rulings before the Federal Circuit," said Robert Cochran, General Counsel at A10 Networks. "As is typical, our competitors overstate the significance of this ruling. They also understate our legal rights, including the rights to ship compliant AX Series products."
A10 Networks' novel architecture and innovations in Layer 4-7 Application Delivery Controllers (ADCs) has led to the success of its products, including the AX Series product line. A10 Networks' unique platforms and technology deliver industry-leading Application Networking solutions that accelerate, optimize, and secure customers' web sites and applications. A10's flagship AX Series platforms deliver solutions for Application Delivery/Server Load Balancing, IPv6 Migration, and Cloud Computing & Virtualization. A10 Networks' products are deployed across numerous verticals, including customers of all sizes in the service provider, Web portal, financial, education, manufacturing, technology, and other markets.
SOURCE A10 Networks


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by Eileen Goltz, Kosher Food Writer, Lecturer and Author, Perfectly Pareve Cookbook
At some point during Pesach preparations we've all tried to convert a main stream recipe into a Pesach one only to discover that we don't have a clue as to what to substitute for a chometz ingredient. This panic moment is why I started compiling my COMPLETE LIST OF PESACH SUBSTITUTES.
• 1 oz. baking chocolate (unsweetened chocolate) = 3 tablespoon unsweetened cocoa powder plus 1 tablespoon oil or melted margarine
• 16 oz. semi-sweet chocolate = 6 tablespoon unsweetened cocoa powder plus 1/4 cup oil and 7 tablespoon granulated sugar
• 14 oz. sweet chocolate (German-type) = 3 tablespoon unsweetened cocoa powder plus 2 2/3 tablespoon oil and 4 1/2 tablespoon granulated sugar
• 1 cup confectioners' sugar = 1 cup granulated sugar minus 1 tablespoon sugar plus 1 tablespoon potato starch pulsed in a food processor or blender
• 1 cup sour milk or buttermilk for dairy baking = 1 tablespoon lemon juice in a 1 cup measure, then fill to 1 cup with Passover nondairy creamer. Stir and steep 5 minutes
• Butter in baking or cooking use pareve Passover margarine in equal amounts. Use a bit less salt
• 1 cup honey = 1 1/4 cups granulated sugar plus 1/4 cup water
• 1 cup corn syrup = 1 1/4 cups granulated sugar plus 1/3 cup water, boiled until syrupy
• 1 cup vanilla sugar = 1 cup granulated sugar with 1 split vanilla bean left for at least 24 hours in a tightly covered jar
• 1 cup of flour = substitute 5/8 cup matzo cake meal or potato starch, or a combination sifted together
• 1 tablespoon flour = 1/2 tablespoon potato starch
• 1 cup corn starch = 7/8 cup potato starch
• 1 teaspoon cream of tartar = 1 1/2 teaspoon lemon juice or 1 1/2 teaspoon vinegar
• 1 cup graham cracker crumbs = 1 cup ground cookies or soup nuts plus 1 teaspoon cinnamon
• 1 cup bread crumbs = 1 cup matzo meal
• 1 cup matzo meal = 3 matzoth ground in a food processor
• 1 cup matzoth cake meal = 1 cup plus 2 tablespoon matzo meal finely ground in a blender or food processor and sifted
• 3 crumbled matzo = 2 cups matzo farfel
• 1 cup (8 oz.) cream cheese = 1 cup cottage cheese pureed with 1/2 stick butter or margarine
• Chicken fat or gribenes = 2 caramelized onions, Saute 2 sliced onions in 2 tablespoon oil and 2 tablespoons sugar. Cook until the onions are soft. Puree the onions once they are golden.
• 1 cup milk (for baking) = 1 cup water plus 2 tablespoon margarine, or 1/2 cup fruit juice plus 1/2 cup water
• 1 1/4 cup sweetened condensed milk = 1 cup instant nonfat dry milk, 2/3 cup sugar, 1/3 cup boiling water and 3 tablespoons margarine. Blend all the ingredients until smooth. To thicken, let set in the refrigerator for 24 hours.
• 1 cup marshmallow cream/ 2.5 ounces = 8 large marshmallows or 1 cup miniature marshmallows
• 1 cup wine = 13 tablespoons water, 3 tablespoons lemon juice and 1 tablespoon sugar. Mix together and let set for 10 minutes.
• For frying: Instead of chicken fat, use combination of olive oil or vegetable oil and 1 to 2 tablespoons pareve Passover margarine.
• Eggs: Passover egg substitutes don't work quite as well as the chometz egg substitutes. For kugels, matzo balls, fried matzo and some cakes the recipes will probably be ok. However, if you want to avoid them (and I do) you can add one extra egg white and 1/2 teaspoon of vegetable oil for each yolk eliminated when baking. Use only egg whites as the dipping to coat and fry meats.
• Italian Seasoning = 1/4 teaspoon EACH dried oregano leaves, dried marjoram leaves and dried basil leaves plus 1/8 teaspoon rubbed dried sage. This can be substituted for 1 1/2 teaspoons Italian seasoning.
• Curry Powder = 2 tablespoons ground coriander, 1 tablespoon black pepper, 2 tablespoons red pepper, 2 tablespoons turmeric, 2 tablespoons ground ginger. Makes 2/3 cup.
• Pancake syrup = use fruit jelly, not jam and add a little water to thin. I always like to combine the jelly and water in a microwave safe bowl and heat it gently before I serve it.
• Seasoned Rice Wine Vinegar = 3 tablespoons white vinegar, 1 tablespoon white wine, 1 tablespoon sugar, 1/2 teaspoon salt. Mix to combine. Makes 1/4 cup
• Flavored Vinegar = lemon juice in cooking or salad, grapefruit juice in salads, wine in marinades.
• Chili sauce, 1 cup = 1 cup tomato sauce, 1/4 cup brown sugar, 2 Tbsp vinegar, 1/4 tsp. cinnamon, dash of ground cloves and dash of allspice
• Water Chestnuts = substitute raw jicama
• Orange liqueur = substitute an equal amount of frozen orange juice concentrate
You can mince the tops of green onions and use them in recipes that call for chives or use celery tops instead of parsley (who are we kidding, we always have parsley during Pesach)
• 1 egg = 1 ½ tablespoons water, 1 ½ tablespoons oil, 1/2 teaspoon potato starch 1/2 teaspoon baking soda. It works well for up to 2 eggs.
• You can also try 1/4 cup of applesauce = 1 egg but only for some of the egg in a recipe.
• SOY SAUCE SUBSTITUTE: This soy sauce substitute doesn't taste exactly like the real thing, but it makes a flavorful alternative for Pesach stir fry.
2 tablespoons beef broth
1 tablespoon red wine vinegar
1 teaspoon balsamic vinegar
1 tablespoon brown sugar
1 teaspoon oil
1/8 teaspoon garlic powder
black pepper to taste
1/4 cup boiling water
Combine all the ingredients. At this point, you can either a) use the sauce as is, leaving for an hour to give the flavors a chance to blend, or b) for a thicker, richer sauce, boil the liquid until it is reduced by half, about 3 tablespoons. Store in a sealed container in the refrigerator. Makes 2/3 cup. Use the sauce within 3 - 4 days.
• CASHEW SOUR CREAM: It's creamy and you can use it in any recipe that calls for sour cream. It refrigerates well.
1 cup raw cashews (must not be roasted or salted)
1/4 teaspoon salt
1-2 teaspoon apple cider vinegar
1 small lemon, juice
Cover cashews with water and soak for a few hours, or overnight. Pour off all water, and place nuts in food processor. Add 1/4 cup cold water, salt, vinegar and lemon juice. Puree for 3-4 minutes or until completely smooth and creamy in consistency. Use in any recipe that calls for sour cream. Refrigerate in an airtight container for up to a week. Makes 1 cup.
2 cups white sugar
34 cup water
1/4 teaspoon cream of tartar
1 dash salt
Combine all ingredients in a heavy, large pan.Stir and bring to a boil.Reduce heat to a simmer and put cover on it for 3 minutes to get sugar crystals off the sides of the pan. Uncover and cook until it reaches soft ball stage.stir often.Cool syrup and store in a covered container at room temperature.
• OYSTER SAUCE SUBSTITUTE (great with fish):
1 mushroom/vegetable bouillon cube (or 1 tablespoon of the powdered stuff)
1/2 cup boiling water
1 tablespoon sugar
1 teaspoon potato starch
1 teaspoon cold water
In a sauce pan combine the bouillon, sugar and boiling water. Boil for 2 to 3 minutes. While it's boiling, in a cup combine the potato starch and cold water,mix to combine and add mixture to the boiling broth. Simmer, whisking constantly until the mixture thickens.
• A reader asked for a simple conversion to metrics chart so here are the equivalents:
1 teaspoon = 5 milliliters
1 lb = .45 kilograms
1 tablespoon = 15 milliliters
1 cup = .24 liters
1 oz = 28 grams
Eileen Goltz is a freelance kosher food writer who was born and raised in the Chicago area. She graduated from Indiana University and the Cordon Bleu Cooking School in Paris. She lectures on various food-related topics for various newspapers, magazines and websites across the U.S., Canada, and South Africa as well as the OU Shabbat Shalom Website. She is the author of the Perfectly Pareve Cookbook (Feldheim) and is a contributing writer for the Chicken Soup for the Soul Book Group, Chicago Sun Times, Detroit Free Press and Woman's World Magazine. You can visit Eileen's blog at CuisinebyEileen.com. If anyone has any other substitutions that they would like to share, please email Eileen at email@example.com or at her blog cuisinebyeileen.wordpress.com.


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Listen to DNR Endangered Resources Bureau Director Erin Crain on The Larry Meiller Show live from 11-11:45 Dec. 26 on these WPR Ideas Network stations or online. If you miss the show, you can still listen to the archives.
Friends in need: About 1,800 native plants species and 657 native vertebrates species have been identified in Wisconsin. Many are at risk and more than 230 are officially listed as threatened or endangered.
Funding: Every year, private donations account for 25 percent to 40 percent of the funding to pay for work addressing endangered and declining species and manage State Natural Areas.
For every dollar citizens donate to the endangered resources fund by checking the line on their income tax form or by making a direct contribution, the State matches their donation dollar for dollar up to a total of $500,000.
The beneficiaries: Protecting and restoring Wisconsin's rare plant and animal species enables future generations to see and experience the state's natural heritage.
Nongame wildlife species and plants are a key part of Wisconsin's ecosystems and food and shelter for its game animals.
Fully 48 percent of Wisconsin adults 16 and older say they participate in wildlife watching activities and in 2011, wildlife watchers made $1.489 billion in direct expenditures in Wisconsin, benefitting state and local economies.
The results: Wisconsin has long been regarded as a leader in protecting and restoring native species. The state passed one of the nation's first endangered species laws and under its protections has restored bald eagles, osprey, trumpeter swans and other species to Wisconsin's landscape. Enjoy the slideshow for more success stories.
Your gift to the Endangered Resources Fund helps preserve Wisconsin's priceless natural heritage. Donations benefit species from the common to the critically endangered, including bald eagles, calypso orchids, American martens and wood turtles. It also pays to help manage State Natural Areas, Wisconsin's finest remaining examples of prairies, forests and wetlands. Contributions are tax deductible.
You can donate to the established funds listed below or to support specific species by simply noting how you want the funds used in the notes area on your check.
When you buy a special Endangered Resources license plate for your vehicle [exit DNR], your fee includes an annual $25 donation to the Endangered Resources Program.
Give to the Trumpeter Swan Fund and get field trips, newsletters and other gifts
Adopt an Eagle Nest and help ensure our national symbol flies in Wisconsin skies.
Enjoy our multi-media features celebrating the 40th anniversary of Wisconsin's endangered species.


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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Arts Education Standards
Visual Arts
Achievement Standards for Grades K-4
Achievement Standards for Grades K-4
Achievement Standards for Grades K-4
Source: National Standards for Arts Education, published by Music Educators National Conference (MENC). Copyright © 1994 by MENC. Used by permission. The complete National Arts Standards and additional materials relating to the standards are available from MENC, The National Association for Music Education, 1806 Robert Fulton Drive, Reston, VA 20191, telephone: 800-336-3768.
Video Library Home | Site Map | About This Video Library | Support Materials
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


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Plenty of time is left for enjoying summertime in the Sierra communities. One of the following events or destinations may interest you:
• Mariposa Evenings brings summer visitors to the mountains for music on the green at the Art Park every Friday and Saturday.
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Singer/songwriter J.J. Rymer performs tonight, at 7 p.m. His Laguna Beach friends will join him for a Bruce Springsteen-style performance.
Next weekend Steve Johnson and Those BobTones take the stage Friday. This award-winning blues band is a Mariposa favorite.
On Aug. 9 Glen Delpit and the Subterraneans bring their "bluesrootsy Americana" sound to the stage.
The park is located between Fourth and Fifth Streets in downtown Mariposa. Bring a blanket or lawn chair for outdoor seating. Shows are free, but tips are appreciated.
This concert series is sponsored by Mariposa County Arts Council (MCAC). Visit www.mariposaartscouncil.org for more information, or call (800)903-9936.
• The work of noted California artist, Joseph Jacinto "Jo" Mora from Uruguay, will be featured in a special art exhibit at the MCAC's Treetop Gallery. Titled "Mora in Yosemite," the display will include photographs, sketches, pictorial maps, sculptures and journal entries from his collection, dated in the early 1900s.
MCAC director Cara Goger is thrilled to show Mora's artistry alongside contemporary, regional artwork.
"Mora was inspired by the same landscapes and characters the majority of our local artists also derive inspiration from," she says.
His architectural sculptures can still be seen on buildings in California and Oregon cities. Mora's artwork is also part of museum exhibits across the West and at the Smithsonian.
A public reception will be held at the gallery on Friday, from 5 to 7 p.m. to celebrate the opening of the exhibit. Mora's work may be viewed through Oct. 25. This exhibition is an official Yosemite Grant 150 Anniversary event. Visit MCAC's website or call for details.
• The catfish are jumpin' in La Grange. Tonight's Odd Fellows benefit catfish dinner will be held at the historic lodge on Main Street, from 4 to 7 p.m. Take-out meals are available. The cost is $12 for adults and $6 for children, 10 and younger. Dinner and raffle tickets may be purchased at the door.
La Grange sits just east of the intersection of Yosemite Blvd. (CA Highway 132) and La Grange Road (Highway J-59). For details call (209) 853-2128.
• Enjoy nature? Like to volunteer? Yosemite National Park is looking for individuals and groups to help with preservation projects on Wednesday mornings through the end of August.
Planting seedlings and removing invasive plant species are a few activities volunteers will participate in.
All ability levels and ages are welcome, but those younger than 14 must be accompanied by an adult. Experienced work leaders will guide the groups while also exploring the park's valuable resources.
Information and guidelines are available at www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/hapy.htm. Or call the Yosemite Volunteer Office at (209)379-1850.
• Hinds Hospice of Merced is preparing for its annual gala. To be held at Vista Ranch & Cellars, this benefit event raises funds for helping local patients and families who have lost a loved one. The nonprofit organization is still in need of sponsors and auction items.
Merced County District Attorney Larry Morse will serve as emcee. The festivities begin at 6:30 p.m. on Aug. 22. The evening will include dinner, music and silent and live auctions.
Tickets may be purchased by calling Lyat Silveira at (209) 383-3123, or by email, email@example.com.
• In the eastern Sierra, Mono County provides camping and RVing opportunities at 86 public and private campgrounds. In addition, hiking and horseback-riding trails, lakes, bicycle routes and quaint villages are just waiting to be explored.
Plenty of family fun, history and cultural curiosities abound in the area towns and museums. You'll enjoy discovering what Bodie, Bridgeport, Walker, Lee Vining, June Lake, Mammoth Lakes and Rock Creek have to offer.
Mono County is also known for the scenic U.S. Route 395. Visit www.MonoCounty.org or call (800) 845-7922 for details about this popular California destination.


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James4925 needed a new banner ad design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 39 designs submitted by 15 freelance designers.
I represent Mystery & Matador from Vh1's The Pickup Artist...their company "The Venusian Arts" teaches men the art of dating, seduction, and provides dating advice
i want a banner ad to sell their ebook that people will click on...looks are important, but so is click through rate!
we want to identify a designer that fits our style, so we will be needing just one for now, but alot more to follow.
- 1. go to http://www.venusianarts.net
2. go to the first 300x250 banner on right-hand column
3. I am looking for a banner that is professional quality
4. This banner must stand out and be optimized for high click through rates
5. This banner must also, at the same time, should stand out in a good way, meaning….it should still be aesthetically pleasing to the overall look of the site.
6. I would like to have high quality pics of beautiful girls and marketing tag lines incoporated into the banner
7. The banner is selling an ebook that teaches men how to pick up women, seduction, and dating advice
8. The book is available for free trial basis
- 9. Would like to see high-quality pics of girls and marketing taglines
- 10. Would like to see call to action buttons graphics in banner
- 11. This banner is going to be one in a series of banners on homepage at http://www.venusianarts.net as the stock sample banners illustrate. We put those up there to show the size and placement of the other banners to come.
- no comic book style stuff


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Marc's Glass has been providing Wickenburg and the entire Wickenburg area with quality Glass Repair and glass replacement since 1979!
Our top priority is getting your Wickenburg home or business secured and back to normal as soon as possible. Our trucks are stocked and ready to be dispatched to your home or business 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Our large fleet and entire Wickenburg coverage area means we can usually have a truck to your door in one hour or less.
The experienced glass professionals at Marc's Glass can handle all of your window and glass needs!
Call us today for free quotes, additional information, or anything you please.
(602) 257-4329
Request Quote Online
We serve Anthem, Avondale, Buckeye, Chandler, Cave Creek, Circle City, Desert Hills, El Mirage, Fountain Hills, Gila Bend, Gila River, Gilbert, Glendale, Goodyear, Guadalupe, Litchfield Park, Mesa, Morristown, New River, Paradise Valley, Peoria, Scottsdale, Sun City, Sun City Grand, Sun City West, Sun Lakes, Surprise, Tempe, Tolleson, Wickenburg, Wittmann, Youngtown, and the entire Phoenix area.
• Glass Replacement
• Same Day Dual Panes
• Window & Door Rollers
• Balancers
• Shade Screens
• Hydraulic Door Closers
• Storefronts
• Plate Glass
• Safety Glass
• Door & Lock Repair
• Retrofit / New Windows
• Mirror & Custom Mirror
• Glass & Mirror Closet Doors
• Glass Wall Room Dividers
• Skylights


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Lesbians In South Africa Speak On Their Brutal Attacks By Male Gangs In Corrective Rapes!
Women living in fear of brutal assaults by male gangs in South Africa . Guardian says " Raped and killed for being a lesbian: South Africa ignores 'corrective' attacks"
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


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The Amazing Race: Season 22, Episode 1
The Amazing Race Season 22, Episode 1 - "Business in the Front, Party in the Back"
Los Angeles, California -> Bora Bora, French Polynesia
Firefighters Matt & Daniel came in last place and were eliminated.
This week's rankings
1. Jessica & John (Surfers)
2. Bates & Anthony (Hockey Bros)
3. Dave & Connor (Father/son)
4. Pam & Winnie (Best friends)
5. Mona & Beth (Roller Derby Moms)
6. Joey & Meghan (Youtubers)
7. Chuck & Wynona (Alabama)
8. Idries & Jamil (Twins)
9. Max & Katie (Newlyweds)
10. Caroline & Jennifer (Country singers)
Can't stand the newlywed/pink couple or the Youtubers. Generally tolerable to everyone else so far and don't hate the Alabama team as I thought I would. Nice to see a new location and tough challenges to start the season? Looks better than the last few seasons already!
Source: TV/CBS


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Life doesn't always go according to plan…Pat Solitano (Bradley Cooper) has lost everything -- his house, his job, and his wife. He now finds himself living back with his mother (Jacki Weaver)... View more >
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- Commentary
By Cody Willard
Here's what I reading and thinking about when I wasn't putting out all the fires that Monday morning, that pyromaniac, lit to start off this week.
Some interesting factoids and analysis on Google – "Does anyone realize that GOOG is actually lower than where it was in October of 2008 when the financial madness had already started with Lehman's bankruptcy. GOOG has more than doubled its revenues and earnings since that time. Just saying."
How to trade Amgen – The Finance Professor lays out his AMGN trading strategy as he tells his class that Amgen's committing a "major faux pas". I agree with the latter part.
Bubbles are Easy to Spot – Fascinating and cut-throat analysis that every investor really should read, print out and think about. And then read it again next year and next year and next year. David Merkel's one of the best portfolio strategists in the world, and this is one of his all-time best works. Read it. Note that David's not saying Apple, Netflix and Groupon and the rest of tech are in a bubble right now.
How to play big oil and get a 9% dividend and Get in on the natural gas boom – Reader asked me last week about investing in UNG and/or natural gas and I told him the best trade might be a long NatGas/short BigOil pair trade.
Western Civ day on Wall St. – "Western Civ Day"?! Try Western Civ year on Wall Street. Romans and Greeks dominate the financial headlines for the first time in centuries. Let them default, enforce every contract as is and prosecute every financial crime. But no, we live in a crude times to this day. Think about Apple's place in history. And Wells Fargo. Think about how we'll think about them in twenty years. In fifty years. These kinds of themes of Revolution Investing are the important.
Cody Willard writes Revolution Investing for MarketWatch and posts the trades from his personal account at TradingWithCody.com. At time of publication, Cody was net long Google.


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Raymond and Rose on their Wedding Day
I never got to know Uncle Ray very well but I know he was a quiet and unassuming person with down to earth taste and a good father to his boys with a steadfastness when times were hard that lasted to the very end of his life.
Sitting at tables.... a young man, Ray is the young gentleman sitting on the right side , second from the front. The occasion for the gathering is not known.
Sitting at tables....an older man now, Ray is at his son's wedding
Finally, here is his obituary from the Albany Times Union:


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By Matthew Heimer
It was almost inevitable that spending on Medicare would become a tar pit in the "fiscal cliff" budget negotiations. The health-insurance entitlement is not only one of the most expensive programs in the federal arsenal, it's also one of the most popular – which makes potential changes and spending curbs that much tougher of a sell with voters. Congress can't procrastinate on this multitrillion-dollar term paper forever, however, and a couple of MarketWatch's columnists are weighing in this week on what lawmakers should do when they finally confront the task of reform.
Diana Furchtgott-Roth, a regular MarketWatch contributor and a senior fellow with the Manhattan Institute, endorses the ideas of premium support – giving Medicare recipients money and letting them choose from competing private-sector insurance plans. She's also enthusiastic about a proposal from two Texas A&M University economists that would essentially provide future Medicare beneficiaries with a health-care annuity whose proceeds they could spend as they pleased. Both approaches aim to give consumers an incentive to demand better care and lower prices, and assume that, en masse, they'll have the leverage to do so. Enabling "cost-conscious beneficiaries" to make decisions about health care, Furchtgott-Roth writes, "is better than rationing or forced tax increases."
Rex Nutting, MarketWatch's international commentary editor, agrees with some of that consumer-choice brief: He'd like to see patients who have the means put more skin in the game through higher co-payments and deductibles. But he thinks Medicare can't be fixed unless the health-care system as a whole becomes more efficient, and he sees a bigger role for government in that process. Rewarding doctors for quality of outcomes rather than quantity of procedures is one goal (something ObamaCare is aiming for); using government's clout to negotiate better financial terms from drug companies and insurers is another. And then there's the personal-responsibility angle: "We need to stop stuffing our faces with calories, stop smoking, get off the couch and get some exercise," Nutting concludes. "If you care about the deficit, lose some weight and live a healthier life." Not exactly what anyone wants to hear during the Thanksgiving-to-Christmas sprint, but personally, I'm willing to do some jumping jacks for my country.


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The five Americans from the Washington, D.C., suburbs, who are on trial in Pakistan on terror charges, are the victims of evidence fabricated by the police, their defense lawyers will argue in detail in court this week.
McClatchy was briefed on the arguments and evidence to be presented in court, which the defense hopes will expose serious discrepancies in the prosecution's case.
The case has heightened fears over the radicalization of Muslim Americans and put a spotlight on how extremists from around the world are drawn to Pakistan, America's critical ally in South Asia.
In a blaze of publicity, the five young American men, all Muslims, were arrested in December in the central town of Sargodha, Pakistan, and since charged with planning terrorist acts in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and the United States. While the men admit they wanted to go to Afghanistan, they say for "community work," it is the evidence that they planned any terrorist activity in Pakistan or the US that is to be called into dispute.
Contacts the men allegedly had over e-mail with a Pakistani militant linked to Al Qaeda could not have happened in the way the police claim, the defense will say. The date the authorities discovered the e-mail account, according to the police's own version submitted to court, was several days after police had briefed journalists on the e-mails.
Similarly, maps of target sites and other incriminating evidence were officially found, according to the police report, more than two weeks after the police had already told media about their existence.
Funky police timeline?
The defense also will call into question police claims over the date of the men's arrest, which is several days after their widely reported detention on Dec. 9. According to the police, though the men were taken into custody on Dec. 9, they were allowed to go home each evening after interrogation before being formally arrested on Dec. 14. However, there were no reported sightings of the men after Dec. 9.
Khalid Farooq, the father of one of the men, who was held with them for some three weeks, told McClatchy that all of them were in continuous police custody after Dec. 8.
"I was with the boys, in the same cell," said Mr. Farooq. "There's no question of them being allowed out."
His son, Umer Farooq, age 24, is on trial with Waqar Hussain Khan, 22, Ramy Zamzam, 22, Ahmed Minni, 20, and Aman Hassan Yemer, just 18. All of them grew up in Alexandria, Va., where they were a tight-knit, religious, group of friends.
The Farooqs are originally from Sargodha and the men claim they had traveled to the Pakistani town to attend Umer's arranged marriage to a local woman. The men, who allege they were beaten by police and deprived of sleep and food in custody, face life in prison if convicted on the most serious of the charges.
On Dec. 10 and 11, police briefed local and international media, on the record, about a Yahoo e-mail account used to communicate with a Pakistani extremist called Saifullah, a detail that was reported around the world. They also said at the time that maps and jihadi or other extremist literature were found with the men.
However, according to the police report lodged with the antiterrorism court in Sargodha, where the men are being tried, it was on Dec. 17 that the suspects disclosed "their secret email address along with password," allowing the authorities to find the communication with Saifullah.
In the police report, a copy of which was obtained by McClatchy, the police say that they found the extremist literature and maps on Dec. 26.
"By the 9th, the police had made up their mind what they were going to plant on these boys, because they had nothing on them," said defense lawyer Hasan Dastagir Katchela. "There are going to be some massive surprises" in court on Saturday when the trial resumes.
According to Mr. Katchela, the later time given for the arrest is to allow police to create e-mail and other evidence that is dated after Dec. 9 and police have had to change the dates for the discovery of evidence to fit the timing of when they were "cooked up."
Checking the Yahoo account
On Dec. 11, a senior Sargodha police officer, Abbas Majeed Marwat, had described the Yahoo e-mail account to McClatchy in detail, explaining that the men and Saifullah communicated by saving messages only in the drafts folder, to which they both had access, so that no message would actually be sent over the Web.
Speaking over the weekend, Usman Anwar, the district police chief for Sargodha, said the e-mails were genuine and "clearly show their evil intentions." He also denied the allegations of abuse, adding that the men had been "advised by their lawyer to make a hue and cry" to gain public sympathy.
The men are being tried in a court inside the Sargodha jail, which is closed to their families and the media. The first day of the hearing was held at the end of last month.
US officials haven't publicly raised any concerns over whether the men are receiving a fair trial. FBI officials were reportedly present for at least part of the men's initial interrogation. A spokesperson for the US embassy, Ariel Howard, declined to comment on the issue. However, she said that allegations of mistreatment were investigated, without elaborating on the outcome.
"We take seriously all reports of abuse and torture and did raise those reports with officials from the government of Pakistan. As we do in all such cases where prisoners report abuse, we requested immediate consular access and visited the prisoners," Ms. Howard said.
The men left behind a video, which reportedly contains scenes of American atrocities against Muslims and talks of "jihad" — a word often interpreted as holy war but in Islam it can also mean peaceful struggle or striving for self-betterment.
Jihad means community service
Amal Khalifa, the mother of Zamzam, said in an interview in recent days in Sargodha where she had traveled to see her son, that he had lost weight. "He looked like a skeleton," she said. She claimed the men wanted to go to Afghanistan to do charitable work.
"The video has nothing to do with terrorism. When they said jihad, they meant 'community service, ' " Ms. Khalifa said, adding that her son had done social work for years, such as helping the homeless while he studied at Howard University to become a dentist.
"If these boys wanted to do something bad, they could have done it in the United States," said Khalifa. "He's just a normal Muslim guy."
According to Pakistani police, the men had maps of the local Air Force base in Sargodha, as well as a nuclear power plant and water barrage at Chashma, in the northwest of the country.
The men have pleaded not guilty to all charges, which include wanting to "wage war against neighboring countries" – Afghanistan; criminal conspiracy to commit terrorist activities inside Pakistan, and "planning to commit acts of depredation on the territory of Afghanistan and the United States of America."
(Saeed Shah is McClatchy's special correspondent based in Islamabad. He reported from Sargodha, Pakistan.)
Worried father turned in 5 Americans to Pakistani police
Five Americans arrested in Pakistan charged, allege abuse
Pakistan: Americans allegedly sought to fight in Afghanistan
Pakistani police arrest 5 Americans with alleged terror ties
Attack on U.S. consulate suggests Pakistani militants still threat
Who's in charge in nuclear-armed U.S. ally Pakistan?
Check out McClatchy's blog from Afghanistan: Checkpoint Kabul


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February 2013 Vendor of the Month - 3D-Age
February 2, 2013 11:47 pm
Congratulations to 3D-Age for being Renderosity's Vendor of the Month for February!
Who is '3D-Age'?
My real name is Luo Chang Long, 33 years old. Now, I can be very proud to say I'm a father; my little boy loves to play with me rather than his mother, hehe....
How long have you been involved in digital art?
I've been involved in digital art for more than ten years.
What made you decide to become a Vendor?
First, I really love to create models, and I love to work at home. Nothing is more suitable for me.
What software is currently in your digital toolset and why?
There are two main software: 3ds Max and Photoshop. Why? I think it's because I am proficient in them.
Could you list any current favorites among the products you've created and tell us a bit about their creation?
Well, In a towel, Enjoy Summer II, Crazy Belle III, PrimitiveTribe II, Sportswear II, School Girl III, Leather Fashion... All of them look sexy and have lots of morphs, and great for rendering, I think.
Do you have any final words or advice for other digital artists?
This is a good opportunity to say THANKS to our customers and my partners, and anyone else. For the artists, do the best.
Make sure you stop in and visit the Vendor of the
Store in the MarketPlace
Home Page
Art Gallery
Related Articles:
- Vendor of the Month for March is Blackhearted
- Vendor of the Month for February - Sangriart
- Vendor of the Month for January - LILFLAME
- Interview with Vendor of the Month Powerage
- Vendor of the Month for October - FABIANA
- Nirvy Vendor of the Month Interview & Video Gallery
- Vendor of the Month for September is NIRVY
- Vendor of the Month for August, 2018, is TRUFORM
- Interview with July Vendor of the Month - santuziy78
- Our Vendor of the Month for July is Santuziy78


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Last week I've got something very special in my mail box, it's a beautiful necklace from Jen who is a jewelry designer and own a gorgeous shop on etsy. You might recognize her as Pole Star.
We are both proud member of Artisan Gallery Team and this year we decided that we play gift swap, where we didn't know where the gift came from until it has arrived. It was very fun and I'm so lucky to received this beautiful necklace from Jen.
Thank you so much Jen:)


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Polamalu to star in Coke commercial remake
Twenty-nine years after Joe Greene became a star in a Coca-Cola commercial, Troy Polamalu will be cast in the remake.
Polamalu, a four-time Pro Bowl strong safety, will revise the role that Greene played in the 1980 Super Bowl ad. It too will be shown during the Super Bowl.
In the original commercial, Greene limps through a tunnel beneath the stands in obvious discomfort. A young boy offers him his Coke, and Greene finally accepts. He drinks it down and, as the kid slowly walks away, Greene breaks into a smile and says, "Hey, kid; catch!" and throws him his No. 75 game jersey.
That ad not only won a Clio, an award presented to those ads judged to be the best on television that season, but it has been judged the best Super Bowl commercial in history by many in the business.


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|Rue Estienne, de la rue Boucher
English: The buildings that lined the rue Estienne, already being torn down when Marville made his photograph, disappeared to make way for the rue du Pont-Neuf.
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Former Gov. Dick Codey is close to deciding whether to enter the New Jersey governor's race after a visit with national labor unions in Washington.
Two people close to the Essex County senator tell The Associated Press that Codey returned satisfied the unions would back his candidacy, and that millions in donations would flow his way if he wins the Democratic primary. They spoke on condition of anonymity because they are not authorized to speak publicly about his deliberations.
A message left with the national AFL-CIO was not returned.
The two people close to Codey say he still has business and family concerns that could keep him from running.
Sen. Barbara Buono of Middlesex County has entered the race but the Democratic establishment believes a more well-known candidate could mount a stronger challenge to Gov. Chris Christie.
(Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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BIG BUCKS, NO WHAMMIES!" Press Your Luck is game show fun for your PlayStation®3 system! Three contestants compete to win by correctly answering trivia questions to earn "spins" on the Big Board. Whoever ends the game with the highest earnings wins- but avoid the dreaded Whammy or risk losing it all! With a multiplayer mode played on one PS3 or online through PlayStation®Network, it has never been so much fun to PRESS YOUR LUCK ! FEATURES Lots of Whammies:The mischievous Whammy character is featured in dozens of animations taunting contestants after stealing their money away. "True-to-TV" Experience: Favorite elements from TV, including thousands of trivia questions and"spins" on the Big Board combine with authentic theme music for realistic game show fun. 3 Modes of Play: Play Solo, enjoy Multiplayer mode (up to 3 players) on one PS3 , or play online through PlayStation®Network. . Voice Chat: Chat with other players using any compatible wireless headset for the PlayStation®3 system.
"©2010 Ludia Inc. All rights reserved. ©2010 FremantleMedia North America Inc. All rights reserved. Press Your Luck is a registered trademark of FremantleMedia Operations B.V. Licensed by FremantleMedia Enterprises. Purchase or use of this item is subject to the PlayStation®Network Terms of Service and User Agreement. This item has been sublicensed to you by Sony Computer Entertainment America. "


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This forum is here so that service engineers can advertise their services to the rest of the community. Engineers should feel free to register and post their details such as what areas they cover and contact details.
To register please click the "Register" link at the top right hand side of this page. After the registration process has been completed go to the service engineer forum here and make your own entry by clicking "New Topic" on the left of the page.
To help community members easily identify the areas you cover please try to include a brief synopsis in the title of your post. Be brief as the space available is limited (eg Servicing - Herts,beds,bucks). Of course, in the body of your posting feel free to elaborate on the areas.
Agacentral.com cannot in good faith recommend any of the engineers who post here it is not possible to vouch for any particular engineers abilities.
You should contact the engineer and enquire about their qualifications.
This forum is NOT an aga sales forum.
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This forum is NOT for posting threads asking for engineers. Try this forum instead.