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Preschool Language Scales-5 Screening Test
(PLS-5 Screening Test)
Overview: PLS™-5 Screening Test can be used to screen a broad spectrum of speech and language skills for children birth through age 7.
Age Range:
RTI Tiers: RTI Level 1
Administration: Examiner interaction and verbal response to stimulus pictures
Completion Time: 5-10 minutes
Norm-based criterion scores—emerging interaction, language and speech skills in infants and toddlers; norm-referenced scores for articulation and language; descriptive information for social/interpersonal communication skills, stuttering, and voice for children ages 3:0 to 7:11
Scoring Options: Manual Scoring
Publication Date: 2012
Product Details
The PLS-5 Screening Test provides an efficient instrument to help you identify infants, toddlers, and young children at risk for a language disorder. This tool can help you screen for a broad spectrum of skills within six speech and language areas—in just 5 to 10 minutes.
- Conduct infant, preschool, or kindergarten screenings of emerging developmental communication skills
- Identify children who may need to be referred for further speech or languag assessment
Features & Benefits
- Language items include the most discriminating test items from the PLS-5 and PLS-5 Spanish.
- If PLS-5 is used as the follow-up diagnostic measure, there's no need to re-administer the test items from the screening—simply transfer the responses from the PLS-5 Screening Tests to the PLS-5 protocol.
- Stimulus pages, administration and scoring directions, and technical information are all included in one compact manual, simplifying administration.
- Record Forms are available in tear-off pads.
- No manipulatives are needed for children ages 3:0 to 7:11. For infants and toddlers, use toys and objects that are easily found within the child's environment (squeaky toys, infant toys such as rattles, baby bottle, cup).
- You have the option of training paraprofessionals or teacher's aides to screen speech and language skills using this tool.
Areas of Assessment
- Helps you screen emerging interaction, comprehension, and expressive skills of infants and toddlers
- Enables you to screen six speech and language areas emerging interpersonal, communication, and feeding skills for children birth through 2:11. These areas are:
- Language
- Articulation
- Connected Speech
- Social/Interpersonal Communication Skills
- Stuttering
- Voice
Pre-recorded Webinars
Prime Time to Screen--PLS-5 & CELF-5 Screening Tests and Shaywitz DyslexiaScreen
Presenter: Adam Scheller, PhD
Back-to-school is an ideal time for screening! Obtain important information about how screening helps identify children and adolescents at-risk for a disorder, as well as screening benefits and limitations. Specifics about screening tools available for children from birth through age 21 such as age ranges, content, understanding screening results, and next steps will be presented.
Date: Aug 17, 2017
PDF: Prime Time to Screen--PLS-5 & CELF-5 Screening Tests and Shaywitz DyslexiaScreen
Video: Prime Time to Screen--PLS-5 & CELF-5 Screening Tests and Shaywitz DyslexiaScreen
Screening Communication Skills to Identify At-Risk Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers Using the PLS-5 Screening Tests
Presenter: Adam Scheller, PhD
From the time a child comes into the world, the ability to attend to, interact with, and communicate with others is key to learning about the world around them and forming key concepts that as a foundation for later academic learning and successful interactions with others. However, many studies indicate that a significant number of children do not successfully acquire the speech and language skills they need prior to beginning school. Identifying at-risk children early is crucial to providing early intervention services that help close the gap for children before they begin formal academic instruction.
The Preschool Language Scales-5th Edition Screening Tests for Early Childhood Educators (PLS-5 Screening for Early Childhood Educators) is a quick speech and language screening that can be administered to children from birth through age 6 in 5-10 minutes. Results of the screening help identify at-risk children who may be appropriate for additional testing. This session will provide an overview of the English and Spanish editions of the screening tests and provide examples of the screening items, scoring, and next steps based on the screening results.
Date: Aug 15, 2017
PDF: Screening Communication Skills to Identify At-Risk Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers Using the PLS-5 Screening Tests
Video: Screening Communication Skills to Identify At-Risk Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers Using the PLS-5 Screening Tests
Frequently asked questions follow. Click on a question to see the response.
PLS-5 Enhancements
I like PLS-4. How different is PLS-5?
Current Norms: The normative data for PLS-5 are now 10 years old. There has been a significant demographic shift from the time PLS-4 was standardized, with increasing diversity in the U.S. population and shifts in the socioeconomic status of families with children birth through age 7.
Streamlined administration: Some tasks were combined in PLS-5 to minimize shifts in administration that require excessive switching between presentation of manipulatives and the Picture Manual.
Improvements to test items: Clinicians working with young children have provided feedback over the years about how test items could be improved. PLS-5 includes modifications that better elicit target responses and make the items easier to administer and score. Approximately 25% of the items on PLS-5 are new; 50% have been modified based on clinician feedback and expert review; 25% are unchanged from PLS-4. See PLS-5.com for examples of new and modified test items.
Addition of Growth Scale Values: PLS-5 now includes Growth Scale Values that were developed so that you can track progress for children birth through age 7.
Now through age 7: Now you are able to assess language from emerging communication behaviors through emerging language and literacy skills through age 7:11. This will provide a single, standardized measure for children with significant deficits (such as children with autism) who are being tracked from a very young age through their early school years.
Updated Articulation Screener: You can now test multiple phonemes within words. PLS-5 includes picture stimuli to elicit target words. The screener takes less than 2 minutes to administer.
Are there new tasks for children functioning at an infant/toddler level?
PLS-5 addresses a wider variety of early play behaviors: play with others (interaction & turntaking) and play with objects (functional and relational play). Use the two-page Home Communication Questionnaire to obtain information from caregivers who have a child whose language abilities are in the Birth through age 2 range. If the caregiver completes the Questionnaire before testing, you can score many of the test items without administering them to the child. This frees you up to observe naturally-occurring parent-child interactions during the testing session.
Are there new tasks for preschoolers?
There are new items assessing emergent literacy skills such as book handling and concept of print. Many of the items at this level have been modified based on PLS users' feedback!
What are the new tasks for older children, especially at age 7?
The new items at age 7 include tasks such as using irregular plurals, using synonyms for a word, usign two or three target words to construct a sentence, and using prefixes.
Why do the "Preschool" language scales extend to age 7:11?
Providing norms through age 7 enables clinicians to obtain standardized scores (including Growth Scale Values) to address the needs of children who:
Better demonstrate their language skills when provided with a variety of interactive test formats Have severe, persistent language deficits such as children with autism or severe developmental delays
Start Points and Age levels
I'm confused about the Start Points versus. Developmental Tasks age ranges. What's the difference?
The start point icon (the arrow) appears throughout the Record Form and the Administration and Scoring Manual. It indicates the recommended Start Point for the ages listed. It does not indicate the age at which the skill is mastered.
The bars marked "Developmental Tasks for Ages __–__ in the Record Form and Administration and Scoring Manual indicate the ages by which developmental tasks are mastered.
Why are the test items so much harder now on PLS-5? "Responds to speaker by smiling" is now at Ages 0:6 to 0:11. It used to be at 2 months.
The age description you are referring to in the Record Form and Administration and Scoring Manual has an arrow icon in front of it (see an example above).
This arrow icon indicates that the age listed is the recommended Start Point for a child age 6 to 11 months. The icon does not indicate the ages at which the skill is acquired. The age band highlighted in gray or purple, such as, "Developmental Task for Ages 0:3–0:5," shows the developmental ages for the task.
You will see differences in the age placement for some of the PLS-4 test items on PLS-5. Generally, the age placements in PLS–5 were adjusted to show the ages at which at least 90% of the children acquired the developmental skill. In PLS–4, at least 75% of the children had acquired the skill. Changing the criterion for item placement form 75-90% made it more likely that a child can achieve a basal on PLS–5 at the suggested start point without having to drop back and administer additional items.
For example, the test item "Responds to speaker by smiling" was Item 3 on PLS–4 and was placed as the most difficult item on PLS-4 for children ages birth through 2 months. On PLS–5, "responds to speaker by smiling" is Item 4, and is placed as the easiest item for ages 0:3–0:5.
Test Administration
Are there guidelines that relate to how often PLS-5 can be administered?
We recommend that one or more of the following three criteria be met before PLS-5 can be re-administered:
- Re-testing should be conducted after the child no longer remembers the test items and/or his or her responses when tested previously
- Re-testing should be conducted when the examiner feels that the child has made progress since the previous test administration (otherwise, there is no reason to re-test)
- Re-testing can be conducted when the child's age at testing results in the use of the next-age norms table to score.
Picture Manual
We work in a setting with children who crush or tear the pages. After heavy use, the pages get really dirty and we would really like to see a Picture Manual with pages that we can wipe clean. Was this considered when designing the test?
We actually have a prototype of a Picture Manual with plasticized "tear-resistant" pages that we will be piloting. The pages can be crushed then laid flat (it does leave some wrinkles, but the page is still usable) and can be wiped clean after use.
It appears that using this type of material in the manual would add approximately $125 to the cost of the kit. We do not yet know how much time is added to the manual's shelf life with heavy use.
Do I need to buy the manipulatives set or can I collect my own?
You have the option of purchasing manipulatives sets or collecting your own. The PLS–5 manipulatives sets are included in the Complete Kit and Upgrade Kit for customers' convenience. Examiners who participated in the PLS–5 standardization collected their own manipulatives to administer the test, so the normative data is based on a variety of manipulatives that meet the criteria described on pages 6–7 in the Examiner's Manual. If you lose or break one of the manipulatives in the kits, you have the option of ordering a replacement from Pearson or using another item from your home or school (e.g., another box that has a lid) that meet the description in the Examiner's Manual.
The administration directions and record form say I need to use a "loud squeaky toy" to administer some items, but the duck that comes with the kit does not have a loud squeak.
Squeaky toys that are made with latex (e.g., dog toys) have a very loud squeak when squeezed because they are stiffer than latex-free squeaky toys. The duck in the PLS–5 kit is latex-free and has a hole rather a whistle so that there are no loose parts. The duck has a louder squeak when squeezed in a way that maximum air is forced through the hole.
We used a sound level meter and ran a test with the ducks in stock. We found that the "squeak" ranged from approximately 60dB (approximately the noise level of normal conversation) to 80–90db (approximately the noise level of an alarm clock or vacuum cleaner). To get the loudest "squeak", we recommend you squeeze the duck's head and body together. See images below.
The squeak volume tends to be low when the duck is squeezed from the sides and/or your thumb is covering the hole. It won't squeak loudly when you hold it like in the images below
On page 7 of the Examiner's Manual, it says I need two cars for administration, "one of which should be blue." I didn't receive a blue car in my manipulatives kit!
The requirement that one of the cars be blue is an error in the Examiner's Manual. That will be corrected in the next printing of the Manual. There were no items tested during standardization that required that the cars be a specific color.
I tried to administer Auditory Comprehension item 27 and found that the blue plastic box that comes in the kit is not large enough to fit both the bear and the pitcher.
It is a tight fit–the bear and blue pitcher fit snugly (you have to push the bear down), and the bear's ear sticks up in a way that you cannot fit the lid on the box and snap it shut. Place the bear and pitcher in the blue box as shown below and simply lay the lid on top. The new pitcher has been designed and completed child safety testing. The new pitcher is now available – call Customer Service at 800.627.7271 to obtain a replacement pitcher for each PLS-5 kit you purchased before February 2012.
The plastic blue box in the kit isn't large enough to fit all the manipulatives!
The plastic blue box in the test box is used to administer specific PLS-5 test items. It was not meant to be the manipulatives storage box. The large blue box labeled PLS-5 Manipulatives Set can be used for storage of the manipulatives.
The large blue box isn't large enough to hold the manipulatives and the manuals. Why wasn't the kit packaged in a larger kit box or in a tote?
Market research with PLS-4 customers showed that SLPs use a variety of methods to store and carry their test components. Some clinicians take all their test materials out of the shipping carton and place it on their shelves; others have their own rolling cases, bags, or boxes that they use to transport kits from one site to another. A majority of clinicians surveyed preferred to find their own storage and "transportation" solution to keep the overall kit price down. The PLS-5 kit was designed to minimize the price of the kit.I didn't receive the books that are shown in the catalog. I received one book that is different.
Two books come in the PLS-5 Complete Manipulatives Set and PLS-5 Upgrade Manipulatives Set.
Our company stocks three different wind-up toys and three different children's books for the PLS-5. When you order a kit with manipulatives, the kit is assembled with two different wind-up toys and two different books randomly selected for inclusion in the kit.
I didn't receive the books that are shown in the catalog. I received one book that is different.
Two books come in the PLS-5 Complete Manipulatives Set and PLS-5 Upgrade Manipulatives Set.
Our company stocks three different wind-up toys and three different children's books for the PLS-5. When you order a kit with manipulatives, the kit is assembled with two different wind-up toys and two different books randomly selected for inclusion in the kit.
I received two level 2 books ("Dog named Sam" and "Three by Sea"), but I test 2 and 3 yr olds, and I need the books that are level 1. Is there a different level of the books that are available?
The three books available are all the same level. The younger children are only tested on book handling or following directions with books (e.g., "Get the book and bring it here, please." There are no test items for young children requiring Level 1 reading skills.
Can I order individual manipulatives separately or do I have to order the whole set?
You can order any of the PLS-5 manipulatives individually (e.g., the bear, the blue box). The 2 English children's books shrink-wrapped as a set (ISBN 0158658981.)
Why does the Upgrade Manipulatives Kit cost so much? I don't save much if I order a Basic Kit and just the Upgrade Manipulatives kit.
The best "deal" is purchasing the Complete Kit with Manipulatives. The Upgrade Manipulatives Kit includes the most expensive components of the manipulatives set, so current pricing for the Basic Kit without Manipulatives and the Upgrade Manipulatives Kit is only $11 less than the Complete PLS-5 Kit with all the manipulatives.
Am I able to qualify a child for services using the Auditory Comprehension or Expressive Communication score?
A child may earn a low score on only the AC or EC scale because the child has only a receptive or expressive language disorder. When that happens, the resulting Total Language score may not qualify the child for services.
Standard scores and percentile ranks are reported for the Auditory Comprehension and Expressive Communication scales as well as for Total Language ability. Each of these scores can be used by a clinician to determine if a child meets eligibility criteria under IDEIA for speech-language developmental delay or disorder. AC, EC, or Total Language scores (in conjunction with other test results) can assist a clinician in determining if the child has primarily a receptive language delay/disorder, expressive language delay/disorder, or a delay/disorder that involves both (see the PLS-5 Examiner's Manual, p.3). Low standard scores or percentile ranks for Auditory Comprehension, Expressive Communication, or Total Language ability can be used to diagnose a disorder and qualify a child for services.
Some students I have used the PLS-5 on so far seemed to be scoring higher than on the PLS-4. I am concerned that in some districts with rigid eligibility cutoffs, these children no longer qualify for services.
A PLS-4/PLS-5 study was conducted in 2010 with 134 children from the PLS-5 standardization sample. Each child's PLS-5 Auditory Comprehension (AC), Expressive Communication (EC), and Total Language standard score was compared to the corresponding scores on PLS-4. On average, scores on the PLS-5 are 1 point lower on the AC scale, 1.5 points lower on the EC scale, and 1 point lower on the Total Language score in this study.
We realize that if a child receives PLS-5 standard scores that are even one point higher than PLS-4 standard scores that were borderline (e.g., 77), the child may no longer meet the district criteria for eligibility for services. As you will find in the PLS-5 Examiner's Manual on page 16:
Because no test is perfectly reliable, the true score is expected to be within a range of scores that reflects the expected amount of measurement error…Using confidence intervals, rather than a specific single score enables you to state the degree of confidence you have in a classification, eligibility, or placement decision based on PLS-5 results. Therefore, reporting a confidence interval around a child's score is particularly important in cases for which the score will be used to make those types of decisions.
You pointed out that you are working with districts with rigid eligibility cut offs—apparently that means the district does not take other test results (e.g., language sampling, observations in the classroom, teacher interviews) or the standard score confidence bands into account. These requirements do not align with IDEIA legislation, best testing practice, or appropriate PLS-5 test interpretation.
If you are testing a child who has made enough progress on developmental language skills that he or she no longer qualifies for services, but still shows deficits in specific language skill areas, we recommend:
Additional testing using CELF Preschool 2, which provides a more in-depth assessment of semantics, morphology, and syntax, and/or
Addressing the child's language needs within a Response to Intervention (RTI) service delivery model.
For the children I am working with, PLS-5 scores seem slightly high. Do you have any insights into this?
In the PLS-4/PLS-5 study conducted in 2010, we found only a 1-2 point score difference between PLS-4 and PLS-5 (see the answer to the previous question)
Whenever a new edition of the test is published, you will see some differences in scores. The PLS-4 norms were collected in 2001; the PLS-5 norms were collected in 2010. In addition, there are differences between the PLS-4 and PLS-5 tasks. Those differences, coupled with the current normative information which includes test results from an increasingly diverse population, result in the score differences you are seeing.
If you are testing a preverbal child, or a child with limited verbal skills, his scores may be slightly higher on the Expressive Communication test because children at that level are now given credit for key developmental communication skills such as joint attention and using gestures.
When administering the PLS-5 English to a bilingual student, if the student answers a question correctly however they answer in Spanish, should that be marked correct or incorrect?
Lots of concerns here:
If the child is fluent in English and just happened to give a few responses in Spanish, the responses in Spanish should be scored as incorrect. PLS-5 was normed with children whose primary language spoken is English. We did not norm the test with bilingual children who gave responses in another language. Not getting credit for a couple of responses in Spanish is not likely to tip the child into the disordered range of ability unless the child is giving a large number of answers in Spanish.
If the child is giving a large number of responses in Spanish, the child is clearly bilingual. Both PLS-5 and PLS-4 Spanish should be administered to evaluate the child's skills in each language. When PLS-5 Spanish is published at the end of April or beginning of May, 2012, you will can administer PLS-5 Spanish to the child. With PLS-5 Spanish, you can assess both Spanish and English skills in one test and obtain a dual language score that reflects the child's skills in both languages.
I found information about how to score when a child has multiple basals [page 11 of the Administration and Scoring Manual], but I don't see information in the Manual about scoring when the child has a double ceiling. Which one should I use?
The PLS-5 norms are based on using the lowest basal and the lowest ceiling obtained--the one obtained at the lowest (youngest) age level.
Is there an error or omission in Appendix E (Dialectical Variations), since we do not offer any dialectical variations for AC item 62 a? Variations are listed for AC 62 b, c, & d.) Is this purposeful, because there are no variations, or is there an error in the manual?
Good question! The short answer: it is not an error or omission. AC 62a is a sentence that is grammatically correct. In the normative sample, it was found that a typically developing child will identify the sentence in AC 62a as "right" whether a child is a speaker of Mainstream American English (MAE) or a speaker of a dialect other than MAE. Children who were speakers of dialects other than MAE did not provide a dialectal response to AC 62a after identifying the item as "right," so no dialectal variations are listed in Appendix E. If a child identified the sentence as "wrong," he or she may introduce a grammatical error in his or her response (e.g., for AC 62a, the child answers, "They goin' the store" [omits "to"]). What was more likely to occur was the child responded with an objection to the content (e.g. for AC 62a, the child answers, "No, they goin' to school.") In both instances, AC 62a is scored incorrect (0).
The sentences in AC 62 b through AC 62 d are grammatically incorrect. Typically developing children speaking a dialect other than MAE may identify the sentence as "wrong" and may provide a dialectally appropriate response to correct the sentence. Dialectally appropriate responses are listed in Appendix E. These answers will be marked as correct. If the child identifies the sentence as "wrong," he or she will not receive credit (score=-0) if the response does not correct the grammatical error (e.g., AC 62b, a child who speaks English influenced by Spanish responds "Her can eat a cookie.") or is an objection to the content (e.g., for AC 62d, a child answers, "No, the girl ran slow.")
A child was tested at the following ages with PLS-4 and PLS-5:
PLS-4: Age 3-11 Total Language Standard Score 66, 1st percentile
PLS-4: Age 4-4 Total Language Standard Score 50, 1st percentile
PLS-5: Age 4-11 Total Language Standard Score 72, 3rd percentile
The parent indicated that "I have not seen that much improvement," and is upset about the test results. Are the PLS-5 norms correct?
The PLS-5 norms are correct. Several factors are operating here that may account for the differences in scores:
- PLS is a developmental scale and any new behaviors that the child exhibits from one year to the next (or one assessment to the next) may be reflected in the scores.
- The child is still showing significant delays in abilities: the 1st and 3rd percentiles still indicate very low abilities relative to peers. If the confidence bands are calculated, the percentile confidence bands overlap.
- PLS-5 includes test items addressing social, gestural, and emerging literacy skills that PLS-4 did not. That may account for some difference in scores. If the child has nonverbal communication skills or age appropriate preliteracy skills, PLS-4 may not have accounted for those behaviors. If the child's expressive language skills have not increased significantly, the parent may not understand why the Total Language score increased.
- The PLS-5 normative population is different from the PLS-4 normative population. That alone will account for some discrepancy in scores. The PLS-5 norms reflect current abilities of children in the U.S.
If the parent is concerned that the child is scoring too high on test that taps developmental language skills, you may want to consider using CELF® Preschool-2 to assess the child. Unlike PLS, which taps a broad range of developmental language skills, CELF Preschool-2 is a test that is more academically-focused and is a more in-depth assessment of children who have language issues in specific areas (particularly concept development, morphology, and syntax).
When calculating PLS-5 scores, can I adjust for prematurity? I don't find anything about this in the Examiner's Manual.
The PLS-5 normative data does not include children who were born prematurely. Best practice indicates that clinicians may choose to adjust for prematurity through the age of 24 months. Note that a premature birth is defined as 36 weeks or less gestation. To correct for prematurity, calculate the number of months and days born prematurely by subtracting the child's date of birth from the expected date of birth. Subtract months and days born prematurely from the child's chronological age. After age 24 months, it is not appropriate to adjust scores for prematurity.
Recycle Program
Can I recycle my old PLS-4 kit?
Each PLS-5 kit includes a mailing label so that you can ship your PLS-4 kit back to Pearson at no charge. Pearson will recycle manuals and record forms. If the mailing label was missing from your kit, you may contact us at www.psychcorp.com to request one.
PLS-5 Spanish
When will PLS-5 Spanish be published?
PLS-5 Spanish will publish in April 2012. It will feature a bilingual conceptual score so that the child's language abilities in both Spanish and English are captured in one score.
How will the test be administered?
When testing a bilingual child, the PLS-5 Spanish test items are administered in Spanish until a ceiling is reached. Then the clinician then looks at any items/subitems that were scored 0, and administers only the missed items/subitems in English until a ceiling is reached.
Can I use the same set of manipulatives for PLS-5 English and PLS-5 Spanish?
Yes, the manipulative sets are the same for the English and Spanish tests. If you already own the PLS-5 manipulatives, you may want to purchase the two children's books in Spanish that are used to administer the literacy items (sold separately)
Can I just translate the PLS-5 English kit to use with my Spanish-speaking children?
The PLS-5 English normative scores cannot be used with children who are not proficient enough in English to take PLS-5 in the standardized fashion.
Because PLS-5 is a test that assesses developmental language skills, many of the items in the English and Spanish editions do overlap. However, item placement differs on specific test items because the skills develop at different ages and some subitems are different or appear in a different order based on difficulty of the items in each language. In addition, the norm groups for the English and Spanish editions are rather different. The Spanish normative scores are based on a sample that represents the population of Spanish speakers in the U.S.
PLS-5 Screening and PLS-5 Spanish Screening
When was the PLS-5 Screening & PLS-5 Spanish Screening tests published?
April, 2012
Can I use the PLS-4 Screening Test and apply those scores to the PLS-5 Screening Test?
Unfortunately not; the visual stimuli for many of the pictures have changed. If you administer the PLS-4 Screening Test, you will need to administer all the PLS-5 items unless each sub-item within an item and each corresponding auditory and visual stimulus is completely unchanged from PLS-4.
Can I use the PLS-5 Screening Test and apply those scores to the PLS-5 diagnostic test?
Yes, the scores from the PLS-5 Screening Test can be transferred to the PLS-5 Record Form. You do not need to re-administer the test items when you administer PLS-5.
Are the English and Spanish PLS-5 Screening Tests different?
While some test items appear on both the English and Spanish tests, some items differ. The items selected for each edition of the Screening Tests are the most discriminating test items for English or Spanish speakers based on the normative data collected for the two groups. The articulation item set also differs across forms.
I see that the PLS-5 Spanish Screening Test has English and Spanish test items. Can I administer the English items on the Spanish test to my English speaking clients?
The items on the PLS-5 Spanish Screening Test were developed to test children who speak Spanish. It is inappropriate to use the English items on the Spanish Screening Test for children whose primary language is English because:
- The demographic characteristics of the Spanish sample differ significantly from the demographic characteristics of the sample collected for the English edition. You would not be comparing English speaking children to a comparable normative group.
- The English items on the Spanish Screening Test are translations of the Spanish test items. The English items were not ordered to reflect the order of difficulty or development sequence for English-speaking children.


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CCM&H - Winter 1994
So, You Wanna Grow Pot?
So you've decided to grow pot, but you don't have the money to buy several 1,000 watt halide lamps, and, unless you steal power (not a good idea, legal wise) four 1,000 watt halides will cost $256 every two months in British Columbia. That's a bit unwise, if your previous electric bill from BC Hydro(ponic) was $50 for two months.
European Cities Explore Harm Reduction
What is the Frankfurt Resolution?
Cooking with Cannabis
Cannabis Milk, Wake 'n' Bake cakes, Fantastic Pot Pasta.
Censorship in Canada: 462.2
What is Bill C-7?
Dreams of a Hemp Based Community
A prophet-bearded, wrinkled figure dressed in clothes made from hemp sometimes walks the streets of Guelph, Ontario. When he does, people take note.
Pot Pourri
A compendium of useful cannabis information
Ten Weeks in South Africa
South Africa first banned cannabis in 1911. Along with Egypt, it led the fight in the League of Nations to have it prohibited world-wide. South Africa's system of racial separation (apartheid) gained it general condemnation and sanctions. In April of this year South Africa held its first multi-racial elections, hopefully ushering in an era of peaceful change and further evolution. -Ed
Joe Strobel – Hemp Farmer
In late 1993 farmer Joe Strobel and engineer Geof Kime, formed Hempline, Inc., and applied to the Canadian federal government for a license to grow industrial grade cannabis sativa. Until this point no Canadian farmer had grown hemp for fibre -legally or illegally- for several decades. This is Joe Strobel's description of how the application process went and the result of the planting. The following is an only slightly-edited speech by Tillsonburg farmer Joe Strobel to the Canadian Hemp Association Toronto seminar in early September 1994. -Ed
The Amazing phototron
You've heard about it, you've seen it advertised, but is it as good as it's cracked up to be?
Hemp Seed Nutrition
"Canaries won't sing without it."
Milestones Fall 1994
Events in Cannabis History from September to November, 1994.
The Murder of Brother Daniel
The Church of the Universe is a religious group centered in Ontario that considers cannabis to be the tree of life and therefore a sacrament. They are involved in a number of legal battles stemming from this belief. On July 17th, Brother Daniel Morgan, a member of the Church of the Universe, was found murdered in his home -Ed
From the Editor
Words of Wisdom from the editor of Marijuana & Hemp.
Hemp Industries Association
The Hemp Industries Association is a new trade organization devoted to maintaining the integrity of cannabis products and stopping fraudulent misrepresentation of hemp content.
The HempBC Story
It's December 31st, 1994, and an incredible year for me at HEMP BC comes to an end. 1995 heralds a very ambitious program, but first, a reflection back...
The Diary of Mary Anne Roze
The following manuscript was brought to us by Chris Roze, the son of author Mary Anne Roze. Mary's diary chronicles her experiences with Multiple Sclerosis and how she began to use cannabis as a medicine. The diary was only edited for space, but the text is completely the words of Mary Anne Roze. -Ed
The Cannabis Cup Review 1994
The Cannabis Cup is an annual event sponsored by High Times and held in Amsterdam. Marc Emery went as the Canadian delegate, and this is his review of the proceedings.
An Analysis of Bill C-7
An in-depth look at Canada's proposed new drug law. Taken entirely from the testimony received by the sub-committee which analyzed the bill.

subset: commoncrawl


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Science Fair Activity BooksScience Activity Books, Science Fair Activity Books
Schoodoodle.com has science fair activity books and teacher supplies that will present your learner with in-depth explanation and insight, as well as provide practice exercises to solidify science fair concepts in biology, chemistry, earth science, health and the human body, physics, and the solar system.
We also carry Science Fair Awards, Science Fair Classroom Decorations, Science Fair Project Display Boards, Science Fair Project Materials, and Science Fair Projects and Experiments. We sell a large selection of science activity books for elementary and upper grade level learnenrs.
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Opinion: Was George Zimmerman Profiled Too?
Best of the Web Today columnist James Taranto on a racial twist in the trial of George Zimmerman. Photo: Associated Press
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... Georges and Anne who shot a young black man trip on market last year ... it portrayed in the media always as having racial undertones ... president Obama appealed for racial solidarity have a listen ... my main message is this ... to the parents of forevermore ... don't buy the Sunday looks like forever ... and ... no ... I think they are right to expect ... that's ... all of us ... as Americans ... per minute tickets with the seriousness it deserves and that we're going to get to the bottom of exactly what happened ... best of the Web Today columnist James Taranto joins the chance ... why was the press been so convinced from the very beginning the trip on was the victim of racial profile ... well it fits the sort of narrative of Bob Black says victims of five white top cops or in this case or rent a cop ... I and now of course what happened to be getting wise spied Zimmerman reported the shooting ... the police briefly interviewed and they decided I there was no no reason to press charges and they let him go ... that probably was not that it probably should've taken more seriously publisher than a serious investigation ... so there was a point when these activists came out and said this is outrageous ... but then I think there was an overreaction on the other side was brought up on second degree murder charges and it looks now like the prosecution's case is just falling apart well it that's right the trial is ongoing now what we've learned so far about ... that argument of who it was well ... one thing that we've learned is that you know that claim why is ... by Zimmerman who is white and Hispanic Hispanics can be of any race as for the Census Bureau ... I'd ... missed by racially profiled more ... than one market he saw Martin The was a black kid ... innocent kid I'd I carry nothing but Skittles ... ahh and died ... by and dive didn't think you belong there and shot him in cold blood ... that doesn't sound like that's what happened sounds like there was some sort of altercation ... I'd bought by what we've learned from the trial is that there was a ... I that that Martin said to this our woman was was to be the prosecution's sheeple are star witness ... retooled Jean tell ... God he said ... and I quote and forgive me for using this language ... there's this crazy cracker forward to now ... Cracker isn't any white slur so it's apparently marking the ... profiles of women ... well it in in the dentist to get back to the new team that even with that statement ... much of the press said ... that's not a racial slur ... well what what happened was I think a lot of people have a lot of ... media commentators have ... an investment now emotional investment in this case forcing ... him that that's out of him that last year NBC the network that employs Al Sharpton ... by ... the deceptively edited they are recording of sermon calling nine one one so that the sermon was quoted as saying ... this guy looks like he's up to no good he's black well we Atchison was this guy looks about what he's up to no good he said something else about what he was doing ... and then the dispatcher said is he black white or Hispanic and Zimmerman said this in answer the question was that the reference to race in the case was completely innocent ... NBC ... alter the video to try to more than the audio to try to make it look like he was raises ... a lot of people and I honestly I thought had the best part about this he said this case was supposed to be a referendum ... he and his work on race relations ... well there's a word for ... a trial that is held a referendum to show probably going to show trials in this country have begun to show trials and we're going to know the outcome of the case eventually ... when all the facts are out there thus the Web Today columnist James Taranto thank you very ... much


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With all the flap nowadays about immigration and the American Dream becoming a myth, I'd like to introduce you to Bitrus and Olabisi (Bisi) Gwamna, of Mt. Pleasant.
They are from Nigeria, and both have PhD's. Bitrus is a professor of communications at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mt. Pleasant, and his wife, Bisi, is an adjunct professor of English at Southeastern Community College in Burlington, and an online instructor with Keiser University in Florida.
They have four boys, all born in the United States. Bitrus has been blind since birth. In 2011 he underwent a kidney transplant after five months of dialysis. On May 24th of this year, after residing in the U.S. for 27 years, Bitrus and Bisi Gwamna finally became US Citizens.
The path to citizenship has obviously not been easy. Both Bitrus and Bisi had college degrees when they came to the United States on student visas. Once they completed their PhD's at Ohio University in Athens, they were given one year to find employment, whereby their student visas would turn to work visas, or the Green Card.
They were not able to find work in that amount of time and faced possible deportation, which would have been tragic, since all four of their boys had been born in the United States. Trips to the immigration office to plead for an extension often proved fruitless and very frustrating. Many times the immigration officials would deny their appeal without even looking at their file.
Bitrus and Bisi can understand why many immigrants choose the illegal route, since the legal path can be so difficult and expensive (citizenship cost the Gwamna's $1,400). They compared it to driving on the interstate highway system. If you miss your turnoff, you have to go miles out of your way to get back on course. That's why you sometimes see drivers making illegal U-turns.
Fortunately, in 2001, Bitrus began teaching part time at Iowa Wesleyan College and was awarded the coveted Green Card (it's not green, by the way). Then, in 2005, they became permanent residents.
Citizenship came this year. They can now vote in an election! They don't have to carry their passports! They can even pledge allegiance at Rotary Club meetings (Bitrus is a past president of the Rotary Club in Mt. Pleasant, as well as a member of the Knights of Columbus). In short, citizenship has made them feel complete.
According to Bitrus and Bisi Gwamna, one thing that makes the United States great, is that there is hope. Hope for a better life, hope for improving one's self, hope for a better world.
"You only get out of life, what you put into it. It is through people that you see God. We need to be appreciative of our opportunities. It was because of an anonymous donor that we were able to get our PhD's. To show our appreciation, we are ready to fully serve in any social-political capacity. If the United States ever goes belly up, the rest of the world has no chance of success."
The Gwamnas would rather see the United States use it's "soft power," in helping the world, rather than it's military might. They also wish that American politics wasn't so polarizing.
Olabisi Gwamna has a collection of short stories, "Dancing With Shadows" that is available at Amazon.com. Issues regarding women, especially how they are depicted in literature, is one of her main topics.
Another of her books, "My House is on Top of My Roof," is a must read for expectant mothers. She has also co-written a play, and is working on a novel.


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CLOSUP Research Projects
The core of CLOSUP's mission is its research component. Its major programs consist of conducting research projects run by CLOSUP, as well as fostering and collaborating on research projects with other members of the University of Michigan faculty.
CLOSUP Research Projects
Major ongoing research projects directed by CLOSUP include the following:
- The Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS)
- The National Surveys on Energy and Environment (NSEE), part of CLOSUP's Energy and Environmental Policy Initiative (EEPI)
- The CLOSUP Fracking Project, part of EEPI
- The CLOSUP Wind Project, part of EEPI
Other Research Projects
During its first decade, CLOSUP sponsored over 50 projects directed by other researchers at the University of Michigan, focused on a wide range of issues relevant to state and local policy. CLOSUP's former grant funding programs are now closed, though the Center continues to work with other faculty members around the University of Michigan on policy-relevant research. Abstracts CLOSUP's funded projects are available here.
Recently CLOSUP has fostered and helped launch a project with Professor George Fulton, as described below:
Past CLOSUP-run Research Projects
- Education Policy Initiative at CLOSUP
- The Impact of the Michigan Merit Curriculum and Michigan Promise Scholarship on Student Outcomes
- A Program Evaluation of Operation ABC
- Evaluation of Teacher Effectiveness
- Fiscal Capacity of Local Governments
- Regional Governance
- CLOSUP Growth Management Survey
- Local Government Accountability
- Michigan at the Millennium
CLOSUP-sponsored Research Projects
See abstracts of CLOSUP-sponsored projects funded through the CLOSUP Policy Research Grant program


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Modified Mustangs & FordsNews & Views
2014 Grand National Roadster Show to Celebrate Bonneville Centennial
The Show
The past, present, and future of Bonneville Salt Flats racing will all come to life at the 2014 Grand National Roadster Show. The event will be held at the Fairplex in Pomona, CA, on January 24-26, 2014.
The "Century of Speed" exhibit will celebrate the 100-year anniversary of land speed racing at the Salt Flats and raise awareness of the current "Save the Salt" campaign. The display will feature 100 of the greatest land-speed record cars and motorcycles of the past hundred years. There will also be a special gathering Thursday for the vehicles' owners to enjoy the exhibition before it opens to the public.
The show's theme is "The Quest for Speed." Attendees will see more than 500 show vehicles competing for awards inside all the other buildings. Another 400-500 show vehicles will join the event, making it the oldest and largest indoor hot-rod show on the planet!
The Book
The book Bonneville: A Century of Speed will also be premiering at the 2014 Grand National Roadster Show, in the Century of Speed building. A limited first edition of just 2,000 copies will be produced in hard cover. The books will be numbered and carry a retail price of $24.95. (There will be a special price of $20.00 offered to show attendees.) All of the proceeds will go towards supporting the Save the Salt Foundation.
For more information, or to make a donation, visit www.bonnevillecenturyofspeed.com, or call (818) 998-7848. You can also download the attached form and send it in.


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Update (April 25th, 2011) at end.
So I woke up this morning to several emails about a strange "Higgs sighting" at ATLAS. On a Woit's blog, a commenter named Higgs? shared an abstract purporting observations of some 115 GeV resonance at CERN. It claims to be from an "internal note" from the ATLAS Collaboration.
Higgs? says:
Internal Note
Report number ATL-COM-PHYS-2011-415
Title Observation of a γγ resonance at a mass in the vicinity of 115 GeV/c2 at ATLAS and its Higgs interpretation
Author(s) Fang, Y (-) ; Flores Castillo, L R (-) ; Wang, H (-) ; Wu, S L (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Imprint 21 Apr 2011. – mult. p.
Subject category Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Accelerator/Facility, Experiment CERN LHC ; ATLAS
Free keywords Diphoton ; Resonance ; EWEAK ; HIGGS ; SUSY ; EXOTICS ; EGAMMA
Abstract Motivated by the result of the Higgs boson candidates at LEP with a mass of about 115~GeV/c2, the observation given in ATLAS note ATL-COM-PHYS-2010-935 (November 18, 2010) and the publication "Production of isolated Higgs particle at the Large Hadron Collider Physics" (Letters B 683 2010 354-357), we studied the γγ invariant mass distribution over the range of 80 to 150 GeV/c2. With 37.5~pb−1 data from 2010 and 26.0~pb−1 from 2011, we observe a γγ resonance around 115~GeV/c2 with a significance of 4σ. The event rate for this resonance is about thirty times larger than the expectation from Higgs to γγ in the standard model. This channel H→γγ is of great importance because the presence of new heavy particles can enhance strongly both the Higgs production cross section and the decay branching ratio. This large enhancement over the standard model rate implies that the present result is the first definitive observation of physics beyond the standard model. Exciting new physics, including new particles, may be expected to be found in the very near future.
Is this a Higgs sighting? Well, the abstract says, "the event rate…is about thirty times larger than the expectation from Higgs to γγ in the standard model" making it certainly not evidence for a Standard Model Higgs. Is it a real observation? That's a better question at this point. Better still, is this a real note?
I don't work with CERN, so my login doesn't give me permission to access internal memos (in fact, I can only read the partial title "Observation of a γγ resonance at a mass"?) although others have told me that the paper is actually there and does claim what the abstract is presenting (although perhaps not convincingly).
One of my favourite ATLAS postdocs, Mark Tibbetts, said,
The line from the management is "This is not an official result of the ATLAS experiment."
"Not an official result". Hmm…
Now, the authors are a little interesting because they include Sau Lau Wu. Wu is often associated with her excitement, near the end of the LEP days, when her team thought they had observed a Higgs candidate around 114GeV/c2 (it was basically ruled out later). The energies being so similar here make this curious.
Another important thing to point out is that the CDF has also been focused on the H→γγ search and has seen no 115 GeV bump in their data [see Search for a Standard Model Higgs Boson Decaying Into Photons at CDF Using 7.0 fb-1 of Data [pdf] from April 18th, 2011]. If this sizable 115 GeV bump was being found in ATLAS data, the CDF should also have seen a hint of it, not, nothing.
At this point, I see no reason in speculating on what this [result] means. It's a rumour. The analysis may be very limited. The data may be non-existent. And it's not impossible that someone uploaded it to the CERN servers as a joke. If the ATLAS Collaboration were to release it themselves, then we could be excited (and if people want to start throwing around "fourth generation", "non-Standard Higgs", "SUSY confirmed/ruled out", then it might be reasonable). Until there is an official statement from the collaboration, or even one of the co-authors, this is just gossip. Don't get excited. Seriously.
For more remarks, analysis, and speculation:
- Not Even Wrong: This Week's Rumor
- The Reference Frame: ATLAS memo: 4-sigma diphoton bump at LEP's 115 GeV
- A Quantum Diaries Survivor: Did ATLAS Just See the Higgs
- Résonaances: Higgs in ATLAS, maybe
Update: April 25th, 2011: "Spokeswoman quashes Higgs particle rumor" in Nature.
ATLAS' spokeswoman Fabiola Gianotti stops short of disowning the leaked document, but tells Nature signals of the kind reported in the memo show up quite frequently in the course of data analysis and are later falsified after more detailed scrutiny. "Only official ATLAS results, i.e. results that have undergone all the necessary scientific checks by the Collaboration, should be taken seriously," she says.


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2nd August 2006, 03:59 PM
Well I have finally graduated from university and have the love of my life back with me. This means my parents are dogless and seriously needing a Cavalier in their life. They would prefer a 6-18 month old but would consider a young puppy or possibly an older adult. Color and sex do not matter. The pup would be a spoiled companion dog. I'm a little worried about rescue dogs and copious health problems. Should we just go back to a breeder? How much greater are the health problems in rescue dogs compared to breeder dogs?


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Jesuit Missions and Private Property, Commerce, and Guaraní Economic Initiative
Julia Sarreal
The mission economy supported tens of thousands of Guaraní Indians and made the Jesuit reducciones (1609 to 1767) the most populous and financially prosperous of all the missions among native peoples of the Americas. The communal structure of collective labor, shared ownership, and redistribution of communal property formed the basis of the mission economy and seemed to leave little room for the possession of private property, independent trade, and economic initiative on the part of the resident Guaraní. Late 18th century Jesuit authors reinforced such an understanding in an attempt to defend their order and its actions in Paraguay. They argued that the Guaraní were incapable of managing their own affairs and that Jesuit management of the communally structured economy was indispensible for the wellbeing of both the missions and the Guaraní. Such accounts overlook evidence to the contrary. Mission Guaraní did in fact own private property—yerba mate, horses, clothing, and jewelry—and Jesuit leaders repeatedly issued orders for the missionaries to allow the Guaraní to independently trade yerba mate. Furthermore, although Jesuit authors repeatedly denied that they paid mission Guaraní wages—to do so would go against the communal structure that they so vehemently defended—the missionaries acknowledged that they paid mission Guaraní bonuses as a reward for their skills or extra labor. These bonuses served as a way to motivate individual economic initiative or agency within the framework of the missions' communal structure. In sum, the communal structure allowed for more flexibility in the ownership of private property, independent commerce, and economic initiative by the Guaraní than has been portrayed in both the 18th century writings of Jesuit authors and much of the current literature.
Popular Religion, Death, and Nation in Paraguay
Michael Kenneth Huner
Like many topics in Paraguayan history, the subjects of popular religion and death are under-researched. And yet, if we can conclude anything about them, experiences involving popular religion and death, like many cultural aspects in Paraguay, have intersected with experiences of nationhood. We find many historical and present-day manifestations of this, most conspicuously in language, which inevitably also draws our attention to questions of syncretic religious legacies. Still today most Paraguayans speak Guaraní, a vernacular of indigenous origin. This language itself is a colonial product of the "spiritual conquest," whose subsequent role in galvanizing popular participation in two postcolonial wars has long been noted. In fact, perusing national monuments and local cemeteries today draws us to a specific time period when many formative links among syncretic experiences of religion, death, and nationhood were being constructed: the fateful López era (1840–1870) that culminated in the cataclysmic War of the Triple Alliance. Here we find how a modern nation-building project attempted to channel, rather than suppress, popular religious energies, and we encounter the many contradictory, and formative, consequences this project produced. A sampling of scholarly literature and primary sources from within a broader framework of Paraguayan history likewise reveals how links among popular religion, death, and state formation are indeed recurring themes for more research that needs to be done.
Sacrilege, Profanation, and the Appropriation of Sacred Power in New Spain
Luis R. Corteguera
Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the Inquisition in New Spain tried individuals for a broad range of sacrilegious acts against religious objects, including spitting, trampling, stabbing, and breaking them to pieces. Men and women also desecrated images through verbal insults, irreverent gestures, and even sexual acts. In most of these cases, the term sacrilege does not adequately reflect the often-complex motivations behind such actions. The Protestant iconoclastic violence of the 16th century unleashed on Catholic sacred images has made us think of acts of sacrilege as primarily directed at denying the power of images and their ability to represent divinity. Yet even seemingly obvious cases of iconoclasm in New Spain challenge this assumption. In many and possibly most cases, such actions betrayed the longing of men and women for spiritual closeness with divinity. The anger, desperation, and desolation sacrilegists sometimes expressed were not always unlike the ardent emotions that sacred images could elicit from devout Catholics. At other times, men and women sought to appropriate the power of sacred images and relics for reasons that challenge an easy distinction between religious and superstitious intentions. Taken together, cases of sacrilege, blasphemy, desecration, irreverence, profanation, and superstition can therefore reveal the variety and creativity of authorized and unauthorized religious practices in colonial Spanish America.


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Having a professional deck contractor provide you with a deck for your home is a great way to add value, beauty and entertainment to your home. The skilled staff at Decks Unique years of experience and knowledge in the industry and can provide you with a quality decking solution.
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Decks Unique - Lindenhurst Custom Decks
The benefits of having Lindenhurst Custom built decks which are becoming more and more popular for homeowners, are the beauty of it and the way it transforms your landscape and the front of your house if a porch, if at the back of the house as a patio, is a nice place to spend the summer evenings and great barbecues that can be had with friends and family. Decks, just like roofs, siding and windows bear the brunt of the extreme ice, snow and cold temperatures during the winter and driving rain during the spring. You can spend all of year outside with winter sun in summer air conditioning.
The best way to go about getting this built is finding a Lindenhurst Deck builder or company that has a reputable reputation you check there work see what the other jobs look like and compare and also assess them I would also recommend choosing the right wood design for home as it's a good idea to try and match the house if is all wood your home then is little easier to match but if a brick design then best to try and get as close as possible to that colour of the bricks if the usual red color maybe that or even dark brown would go ok.. But obviously comes down to personal preference.
Picking the right timber to mix with your current home and easily combines with the design. Decks are excellent for uneven or sloping blocks permitting you to enhance your living space, and they supply a less expensive ( and frequently better-looking ) solution than concrete or brick structures. Folding doors that open on to the deck permit you to extend your internal entertaining area. It is even possible for the more impressive, to incorporate a spa if the structure is fortified and can support the weight of the water. Call our skilled staff to find out more about Lindenhurst Custom Decks today.
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An outside structure like a deck can be an incredible asset to your home and can give you a wonderful space from which to enjoy the sun throughout the year. However, building one on your own can be daunting. A custom deck builder can offer expert advice and aid to get the job done so you can enjoy your space to the fullest. Decks are a great way to take advantage of the sun outside, but you can also use this powerful force inside as well. In terms of energy use, solar panel installation is an excellent way to harness the power of the sun to your - and the environment's - benefit.
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Happy Birthday to Virginia!
The first colonists arrived in Jamestown, Virginia on May 14, 1607 and with ups and downs the Commonwealth has prospered ever since.
GenealogyBank.com is packed with early Americana – including millions of Virginia items go back to the 1700s.
GenealogyBank has more than 100 Virginia newspapers – containing more than 2.3 Million articles. There are multiple titles going back to the 1700s and early 1800s.
Click here for a complete list
Also – GenealogyBank has more than 4 Million Virginia obituaries and death records in the America's Obituaries and Social Security Death Index (SSDI) sections.
Other Virginia Resources in GenealogyBank
Search for Virginia documents in:
American State Papers and US Serial Set in the Historical Documents section.
There are thousands of Virginia documents in the Historical Books section that are unique to GenealogyBank.
For example – here is a petition to Congress signed by the local Virginia residents south of the James River that were seeking improved conditions on the Turnpike to Richmond.
Here is an example of an early Virginia funeral sermon – for Mrs. Ann Boyd who died 1819.
Terrific sources.
Beyond GenealogyBank – here are other useful sites for Virginia research
Virginia Census Records
1850, 1880, 1900 – Free Online – FamilySearchLabs
Virginia Digital Books Online
American Memory Project
Documenting the American South
Google Books
Making of America
Library of Virgina – Virginia Land Records
Virginia Genealogical Society
Be sure to see the back issues of their newsletter that you can download and read online
Virginia Historical Society
Current issue of Virginia Magazine of History & Biography
Be sure to see their online research guides
Virginia Vital Records
See the collection at the Library of Virginia
Virginia Department of Vital Records


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Damn, that's what the ruined building needs, radioactive mutant vermin. Thanks for reminding me that I only have one lads.
Lt Cruise and Piltogg are both in. Sorry that is all.
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text: On Wed, Oct 24, 2007 at 12:48:39PM -0400, Robert G. Brown wrote: > IBM is rich. They can afford to write a large, complex program in > assembler or a "kernel-like" compiler-supported environment with > assembler wrappers on a one-off basis, just to advertise their genius > and product line. The kernel is written in C++. And it emulates Linux where possible, so that a fair amount of stuff just works(tm). http://domino.research.ibm.com/comm/research_projects.nsf/pages/k42.index.html And while we're reading before posting, here's the homepage of the DOE-supported effort to produce a lighter weight cluster OS: http://www.cs.unm.edu/~fastos/ -- greg


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For many moms and dads, the choice of whether or not to vaccinate is a complicated one. It shouldn't be. But the fact is some flawed scientific studies and a lot of paranoia have led to fewer parents vaccinating. And these people aren't necessarily who you would think.
A joint survey between CafeMom and Parade revealed the views of many parents when it comes to vaccination, and there were some big surprises. For instance, only 47 percent of our respondents claimed they follow their pediatrician's advice all the time and another 43 percent said they only trust their pediatrician a little or not at all.
That's pretty stunning when you think about it. How can you possibly work with a pediatrician you don't trust? Is this paranoia? Or are these parents right? See some comments from the survey below:
Immunizations are a guaranteed, serious source of income to Big Pharma. and every doctor. Immunizations prevent our children from developing a strong immune system. Childhood diseases are no more than an 'inconvenience' because there isn't a parent in the home! When mercury is used as an ingred. of vaccines, how much concern was there for the 'health' of our people/children? School districts have no right to even weigh in on immunizations, their job is to educate.
That they have to look at the big picture, that not vaccinated doesn't just involve their children but the 32,661,022 entire community. There is no reason why healthy kids should not be vaccinated when there are babies, children and adults with uncompromised immune systems that depend on herd immunity!
More from The Stir: Horrifying Ingredient Found in Vaccines Could Make Some Stop
Clearly, people are very, very mixed on vaccination. But they need to get over it. Really. They do. Every child that isn't vaccinated is a risk to another child who may have some kind of physical reason why they either cannot be vaccinated or cannot develop immunity. The less people who vaccinate, the more likely we are to have eradicated diseases come back.
Obviously we don't have to follow every bit of information our pediatricians give, but the fact is they have our child's best interests at heart. And if you think they don't? You need a new one who does. All of this is based on flawed science. There is more.
According to our survey, people are divided 50/50 as to whether the states should allow parents with "philosophical reasons" to not vaccinate. As of now, only 19 states offer that as an option while all allow for religious or health reasons. Another 53 percent of our respondents felt that children who are unvaccinated should NOT be allowed in public schools.
They have good reason for these concerns. "Herd immunity" -- the immunity that develops for an entire group of people -- is compromised by the segment of the population refusing to vaccinate. If they had REAL scientific evidence, it might be one thing. But they don't. It's fear. It's paranoia. And it's hurting us all.
There isn't a mother alive who isn't sympathetic to the idea of worrying about what we put in our kid's bodies. We all know that fear and worry and we all have it. But to compromise all children for a bit of wacky "science" that has no basis in reality is downright wrong.
I agree with the majority of our survey-takers that children who don't vaccinate shouldn't be allowed in the public schools unless they have some kind of very specific reason. It's just too risky to younger siblings, adults, and those with compromised immunity.
Choosing to not vaccinate is playing with fire. If you don't trust your pediatrician, get a new one!
Do you vaccinate? Do you want kids who don't vaccinate in public schools?
Image via USACE Europe District/Flickr


text:
Exhilarating looks, sporty handling and impressive fuel efficiency – the 2017 Mazda3 Fastback offers everything you need in an eye-catching package, that's equally exhilarating when you slip behind the wheel. Embrace Mazda's fun to drive ethos with Mazda3's intelligent SKYACTIV Technology, which delivers outstanding handling at every turn.
The official fuel consumption figures in mpg (l/100km) for the Mazda3 range: Urban 37.7 (7.5) - 65.7 (4.3), Extra Urban 58.9 (4.8) - 80.7 (3.5), Combined 48.7 (5.8) - 74.3 (3.8). CO2 emissions (g/km) 135 - 99
Figures shown are for comparability purposes. Only compare fuel consumption and CO2 figures with other
cars tested to the same technical procedures. These figures may not reflect real life driving results, which will depend upon a number of factors including the accessories fitted (post-registration), variations in weather, driving styles and vehicle load.
* There is a new test for fuel consumption and CO2 figures. The figures shown however were achieved using the outgoing test procedure.


text:
I can't believe it!
Happy the man,and happy he alone, He,who can call today his own; He who,secure within,can say, Tomorrow do thy worst,for I have lived today.
Friday, January 09, 2009
Speed of 2 Mbps (first time in my life!)
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I generally dislike Wagner. However, I heard a piece by him today and it was sublime and breathtakingly beautiful.
I'm wearing a rather remarkable shirt, one that makes me feel like a clown fooling around in a graveyard. Roving eyes latch on to me and...
I just can't take it anymore. I should have moved on long back but lingered in the hopes of a miracle. It was not to be and I've fin...
I finally have a usable phone! This one is called Doogee X9 Pro. After getting increasingly frustrated with the low end configurations of Mo...


text:
Clare Valley.
Deep, dark purple in the glass.
Lovely nose of cedar, chocolate, cloves and pencil shavings.
Very intense: so much so that the first sip was almost painful. Deep and rich, dusty cherries, very extracted, some beets, medium-weight, cloves, charcoal.
A very long finish.
An amazing wine for only $14.95 Canadian.
Screwcap closure.


text:
VelaLabs is an international, innovative analytical service provider for the pharma- and biotech industry with focus on development and characterization of Biologics, Biopharmaceuticals and Biosimilars. VelaLabs has a GMP-certificate and is also working in the field of clinical development according to GCLP guidelines.
We are looking for dynamic & motivated employees for immediate reinforcement of our team:
Focus: Analytics
We offer a minimum annual salary of € 24.000 and guarantee overpayment if professional experience or above-average qualifications are given. You can expect an excellent working atmosphere, interesting areas of responsibilities and opportunities for development in an international environment. If you are looking for challenges in a young, dynamic and international team, please send us your sustainable application:
VelaLabs GmbH
Human Resources
Brunner Strasse 69/3
A-1230 Vienna
or per mail to jobs(at)vela-labs.at


text:
Here's the latest batch of Music Musings and Miscellany's unapologetically subjective selection of the twentieth century's best 1000 singles. On to T now.
BUFFALO TOM – Tail Lights Fade / Birdbrain (Situation 2 1992)
This was the song that rid the band of the Dinosaur Jr junior tag and marked them out as a band to be reckoned with in their own right. Call it a grunge ballad if you will, but "Tail Lights Fade" is a passionate and moving song with more than a hint of desperation about it. "Broken face and broken hands – I'm a broken man" has the ring of a man reaching the bottom rather than a self-pitying whinge.
DAVE BRUBECK QUARTET – Take Five / Blue Rondo a la Turk (Columbia 1961)
DUKE ELLINGTON ORCHESTRA – Take the A Train / The Sidewalks of New York (Victor 1941)
Post-war, jazz has always been an album oriented medium, with singles little more than promo tools. A genuine popular hit is something that happens so little as to be almost freakish in its occurrence. Let alone one that uses the distinctly un-pop 5/4 time signature. Twenty years earlier, when swing was still king, the Ellington Orchestra were arguably at their very peak. Billy Strayhorn's elegy to the Manhattan-Harlem-Brooklyn subway line became the band's signature tune, and still is a fantastic evocation of forties America.
WAILERS – Tool Call One / Road Runner (Golden Crest 1959)
By 1959, rock 'n' roll had largely given way to simpering teen pop. Only the denizens of the American north-west must have missed the memo, because they were still churning out blistering, primal rock. The Wailers were the forerunners of a scene that birthed the incomparable Sonics, and provided one of the few links between the fifties rock revolution and the sixties garage band phenomenon, proving that the charge that the Yanks had forgotten how to rock before the Limeys arrived to remind them to be a false one.
BOB DYLAN – Tangled Up In Blue / If You See Her Say Hello (Columbia 1975)
Blood on the Tracks is like a religious icon to the Rolling Stone generation of rock hacks. Which kinda makes you want to hate it! I'm solidly with the consensus on this album, though, and "Tangled Up in Blue" is one of several masterpieces that weave fiction and rare soul-bearing by the usually reticent Dylan – a spokesman for himself, not a generation.
CHAMELEONS – Tears / Paradiso (Geffen 1986)
Strange Times was supposed to be the album that made the Chameleons global stars. Instead they acrimoniously split after recording four songs for a follow up. In retrospect, it's probably been at least as influential as that other Manc classic that came out the same year, The Queen Is Dead, only it's rarely cited as such. "Tears", the album's token ballad, is completely different on the single release – more in tune with the grandiose wall-of-guitar sound of the band.
MIRACLES – Tears of a Clown / Promise Me (Tamla 1970)
One of the very rare instances when Motown missed something right in front of their noses. "Tears of a Clown" was only issued as a single following its UK success some three years after its initial appearance as an album track. The result, a number one and one of Smokey's most famous songs.
SANDY NELSON – Teen Beat / Big Jump (Original Sound 1959)
Drummer makes instrumental record – like that's going to be popular! Well it was, and the brilliant combination of gonzoid guitar riffs and tubthumping pretty much kick started the surf sound.
UNDERTONES – Teenage Kicks EP (Good Vibrations 1978)
You all know how this one goes.
HOLE – Teenage Whore / Drown Soda (City Slang 1991)
Mrs Cobain – everybody's cartoon villainess. Still, you can't knock records as exciting as this, even if early Hole owed more than a little to Babes in Toyland, with Courtney even screaming like her erstwhile bandmate Kat Bjelland.
DISPOSABLE HEROES OF HIPHOPRISY – Television / Winter of the Long Hot Summer (4th and Broadway 1992)
Michael Franti and Rono Tse were both former members of San Francisco's punk Last Poets the Beatnigs, and "Television" was a song they'd already done on the band's only album. And yes, it does owe a great deal to Gil Scott Heron's "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised", but it's still a classic of politicized, industrial-tinged hip hop.
TORNADOS – Telstar / Jungle Fever (Decca 1962)
As viewers of Mad Men will know, the early sixties seems light years away from even the end of the decade, let alone 2010. And yet it was a very forward looking time, with the space race leading other technological advances. Futurology painted a world where every conceivable problem would be overcome by progress, and we'd all have more whilst working far less. Looking back now, it was a naive period, hopelessly blinkered to all the social and environmental problems that were happening. "Telstar" struck a chord. It's the archetypal piece of retro-futurism – a gleaming piece of cutting edge technology that now sounds resolutely of its time rather than ahead of it. It may have sounded like the future in 1962, but it doesn't belong in any future that really occurred. That's not to knock it, or Joe Meek's fantastic production work. It's a marvelous record, but one that screams 1962 as much as pill-box hats, Stingray and black and white dramas set in Salford.
NEW ORDER – Temptation / Hurt (Factory 1982)
"Everything's Gone Green" was the first New Order track to really integrate electronics into the band's sound, but "Temptation" was the track where they really hit their stride. It's also the single where Barney emerged from the shadows of Ian Curtis as an instantly identifiable lead singer, albeit an idiosyncratic one, with his trademark whoops.
SWEET EXORCIST – Testone / Testtwo / Testthree (Warp 1990)
"If everything's ready here on the dark side of the moon, play the five tones". And thus, children, bleep techno was born.
ISLEY BROTHERS – That Lady / part 2 (T-Neck 1973)
"That Lady" was actually an old Isleys tune that they'd recorded a decade before for United Artists, but this version was a reimagining rather than a re-recording, with Ernie's guitar acrobatics absolutely the centrepiece of the record.
ELVIS PRESLEY – That's All Right Mama / Blue Moon of Kentucky (Sun 1954)
His first record, a cover of a tune by bluesman Arthur Crudup. What makes the Sun singles sound so fantastic is the space and echo around what is a pretty basic instrumental line-up. It also gives Presley's voice an alien-like quality, like he's just emerged from the Mississippi swamps. RCA captured it on "Heartbreak Hotel", but never managed to repeat that feat.
JAM – That's Entertainment / Down in the Tube Station at Midnight (Polydor 1981)
At school, the Jam fans tended to be the squares into skinny tie pop, while I hung with the kids who were into the more idiosyncratic indie stuff on Factory, Rough Trade and bands like the Fall, the Birthday Party, Pop Group, the Bunnymen and Joy Division. So I was never a big fan, although I still knew a great tune when I heard one – and "That's Entertainment" is undoubtedly that. It's quite a bleak, humdrum thing. Famously, Weller didn't want it released as a 45, but his fans went out and bought the German import instead in enough numbers that it was still a sizeable hit. The public gets what the public wants, Paul.
More soon


text:
October 30, 2007
Although Joseph Gower is teaching at Wabash for just one year as a Visiting Assistant Professor of Art, he's using his contacts in the art world to enhance students' classroom experience.
Gower invited friend, and former roommate, Brian Taylor to campus Oct. 29 for a classroom demonstration and brief lecture. Click here to see photos from Monday's classroom demonstration.
"Brian spent the afternoon in the ceramics studio demonstrating his wheel thrown pottery and discussing what inspired him to choose a career as a full time artist," Grower said. "Students were given the opportunity to work right along with Taylor and ask insightful questions that relate to their own studio practice."
Taylor is a renowned potter and currently works as Resident Artist for the Chicago Parks District. Gower first met Taylor when both served as Resident Artists in 2006 at Arrowmont School of Arts and Crafts at Gatlinburg, Tennessee.
Taylor grew up in northern Utah and studied ceramics at Utah State University. He has worked as a studio assistant and Artist in Residence. His pottery has been shown nationally and his works have been featured in national magazines.
He is affiliated with galleries in Kansas City, Mo., Philadelphia, Pa., St. George, Me., and Oak Park, Il. He has had exhibitions across the country.
"With a small art department at Wabash, it is really great to be able to bring someone in like Taylor and have the students interact with him," Gower said. "In many academic institutions students are encouraged to only focus on their artwork and it is often overlooked as how to leave school and make a living as an artist. My job is to teach and then make art, Brian's job is to make art and then sell it."


text:
Indiana University researchers have found some sort of bacteria, C. crescentus, that secretes glue. Here's the story: This gross thing requires 70 newtons per square millimeter to remove from a glass pipette. That's equivalent to "five tons per square inch." It takes a mere 18-28 newtons per square millimeter to crack Super Glue. Hence, this bug glue is considerably better.
Best of all, it adheres even when wet. The plan is to use these things as a surgical glue or perhaps we can all fix that vase Peter broke while playing ball in the house even though Alice told us not to. Those poop-looking things in the picture are the bacteria and that stalk holds it to any surface.
Press Release [IU via MedGadget]


text:
2013-08-08 / Police Blotter
Unsolved Crimes Police are seeking leads in numerous investigations. Readers with useful information about any of the following seven crimes are asked to call 570-265-2186: A window in the concession stand at the baseball field along West Warren and Cadis Roads was broken between Aug. 2 and 4.
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text: Jedi News reports from U.K. Toy Fair with photos from the Hasbro Booth and other licensors. The big news from the show is the Rise of Darth Vader set from Hasbro, which won a best action figure award. The line look also gets a refresh to go with the Episodes II and III 3D releases in the fall.


text:
Nav Ramirez needed a new web page design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 18 designs submitted by 8 freelance designers.
Website template and logo required for new company called carhire2go.com - Global car rental site across 4000 locations. Holiday feel & fun designs only. http://www.holidayautos.co.uk - this is a rival website but looks very good! Oh yeah it needs to look professional to.
website template and logo. I have a few friends that have tried this so just giving it ago. Have pleanty of projects so if it goes well this time I will put more on.
- holiday/vacation feel
- bright clour sccheme
- Illustrations perhaps more than actual photos/pictures?
- Look at my other sites: http://www.parcelmonkey.com http://www.zoomtaxis.com http://www.holidaymobiles.com they all have a simular style and feel. Look at http://www.holidayautos.co.uk if you require more info on what a car hire site look like!
- boring/bad designs


text:
North Carolina Mercury, and Salisbury Advertiser
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the north-carolina merc 1 ! and salisbury advertiser ™ * '* l l s ? u s runtsn at pubm.hbt , t francis c o u p e e num 1 il t h v r s \) n y sfi pte mw m i8oo vol n r y or re fhvf pajfige andcomrat of the rfi:o d-pn 1 - r/n era l f 3 i <- ; h o 11 . chief of the e'.it m i r of rhe arn of referve to the miniftei vi waf ton oforfi no.o . pl.c of fo»f i.c between brefcia tri d fr {'". fc ' nfter ha*ipg purjued tne merry t \ or * m.e ro.riat brelci general lrifca proceed ed b a counter march to crtinoni hr ,,. purpefc o fixing the nnmenui irae.xjne which the enen had io th«t pj.ee of , ft n the ho ibere and of joining the coi j3 oi m u * rat which ii at phtmiia *' h 5ih genertl morat arfva c ed to wards plicentii tht enemy deftnded rhs heed cf lie b.idge with a great quantity of artillery !( was i,k,n poluffi.ri i.f by'w u . rat at it o'clock in the night ; r d io om e,i who remained tr uard ibe p-li-gc wir8 mad priiocrrs " we ha»erakcn pcfteffion nfever britfu m the vo cept t»oot three on the fide of placentia whi;h ihe eneiry had time to tit i 1 , icy " general muriit leading x'ovara o n ,| ie 1 of ma proceeded i o i|,e tefino which be had order to croft r:<r difpoved hi r valry in iuch » manner n to harrafs the erj try on that river from the lake of om be yond vigevano wbilll boudet i divigoo which was under his ordew appeared at the bridge of butfalora w h e the e*emy hid withdrawn their bridge 0 ( botti , r d h e pafi^gf of which was deluded by cme p i ec r of cancon j had fcr-t this divigon r 0 v £ e vjoq 6 hrad-qtmter mihn t<>nf 3 / fter girinjk an account cf tht capture of jjila'i r«i 1'ivii he f<yi che fntrny who d ! ( ted the pal/ages of the sclia and the i ti.to i ret ring behind the ac!d to | jac co nd lod the principal i rc e of mela r till on kc right bauk of die po you will without doubt be aflomfhed of hearing ibat the g^neril rs fliil at pirdmons and coorino«s tc act in ihe livrra of genoa w we*rf faking pc-ff ffion of lombaroy ; yui the retl ob)r{i and torce of the army hive htm conceifd from him wrrh to much fticctls and the troopi have marched with luch celerity that i.s has been ctcrjr wtisre fjr^rifrj and beaten the general in chief has jurt learned that the corps under gsneral money hai palled st gothard nd reached varrza — that of general thhencoiirt which hit palled the bimploo ik it v«.ianza ihe union i»f the xvh army can meet with no more obfkciks j nd tsie plan not lefs ikilful than boio ul me cbiei cool'tlj it executed id all ita pirts •• general murat mac difpolttion the cb jeft of whirb wa to perfuadt thernrri that hi inteuiidii wai to pti the tcgr.o nrar voltegiof informed that hr had fome boat in a fraall ami ef the tciino he ordered bu rtillery s pti of the cavalry and ihe 7c c'en)i-bri;ar to appear at the gaie of galsat ia order to furprlzc that f i»<;e 11 on the 6th »' « in th rrorr ; r;ri rr , o ltnncs occupied the celebrated pofiticn of strsdslla and thus rut c fi the only i r 3 which the er.erry hsd of making t!r,r con n'unicnic 1 he enen y fcrlii g ihe impor laiice of hi pofltion dnrxfd lltrii fevers i pofls and a rr ked g rral 1 pnoe with iho greatco iropetuofii <. i ' ,- ,(. ,,; ; . ; ? p,*de j,»3 bstn cohered wiih f'orj ; the »• < » my was put to ihe rout leaving jct 300 priloner as many wioundtd a <\ f vn n waggon they hart re treated la rlavrn lia " on the 31ft may t da break th oth vr*s at the pie oi ia'rsr which ihe en era j defended with two howitzers and three eleven-pounders v hich !, \ jp 3 v tr » warm fire oi gr»pe hot grner i murat juiced liis j'u icrj m * \ m^r pofaion a:.d return ed the fire with equal % -. . during thia time the 70th carried the boats which v^rr mi ti.e final i arm 0 he refino soloi'rs carried ibefe boirs on .'.-, c io u>cleti : and paued them over to th - rr ,- r t ivf r bmid'.t a itiowrr ■; , ■■. , ; - confi jnene of the order the rfctived !? bo-e tlirir mtj.'le i er ( ■• •" l wnody ife tro.n v : ■. ild kfrp • p ar ad v.iur ..''<"■; fir 1 i ■•'■: ■y general mu rat 01 jf red thrs io it cf i!i m'my «^ flank li - ■. . j f ibat hre t nd bj jl.e -' • f iwo ' • •* , hs pafled t!ie river j ' .■. j i!ie tdfm to withdraw tb*ir a . mil in 16 pr-i.ial jane j the cfnfrai 5n ehirf brrtmer iavi et ■•' « f corpi ot general uuiiefin t'i in*eft i b f rtrefs of pizz'igbitone and take ofict :. • i rnni •' a r oftlif r m rr r will ( p ., . 3 li'rd to-mcrr a f\o o'hrr **- oi.rcf r-taii ■? , i \ ui but a battle ha has no mranr of retreating except t 1 dupij altnandria r ■. c iet confol hat ffciub'fd ill t «• v ,' crates and announced to thtm hi ter.t3»n to maintain ibe religious t!sb . i if inch a it w ts whe ■he commanded - ric made them take i.ae caili of jl'ne s " genrrsl loifbn ! as pr-reff*«".j ii tfrrfcif i t * ' * : j i rj r r n rrn rrsrd 1 fd hy cfr-rral let hi toek poflf ilion f i s flotilla wbichrhe frriry i d oi ibe lac o majore p9(!(c 4 b c:i ( a of i kro »'«'.! to bergamo and ook 5c prifoncrjj nj | tur j i r r t \ ol cannon , . alexander berthier gt.^-rt in ch;-f of the r»ii cl lleferve to the cifalpioe ptcpie milan ifi pr«iri i june 7 41 i ver ! m i its rfspffled n the np pofitr ba'ik : m ao ••{ p-.il o ver a battalion hi:l charged 1 1 e cavalr and protected ibe pafiagt ol ibe clemi bri gade the rljitii [.•.;'' duroc w »* rear being drowr.ed adjutant genrial grrk:1 pailed wiijj the firrt troops the enemy hick to the village cf tai b?go rtcr iveci ion liderable reintorcenients comnianjcd by gsnera laudio n perh n 41 ■corps of the eremy in afterrptir o enter tbe cattle of plaeefttia this da vjg tui r wunfif d sr.d i»k •. the fr?r-s proplc or he fccond time 33'a break jour cb-im tfie ir.fancj of states i fa'ojail to dorms inrf viciffttudei the laisfortunej you ha experienced will n.m beufelefs to you you ha7e learnt to ap preciate the joares laid by the nrmifs of pur profper'ny they boif!*d ot thtir re fj»efl ior property and they h«v f plundered siiny fanilirs thfy pretend.-d « warm zta for religion and tht ijave giver up ita !; to h-retics and even to infidcu citizrm ot cil ilpine fly toarmt f?rm your bttionil guard s«id jrcure yo-r towns from tiie incur fiont of the enemy ! cao you be bfenilble to the glory of forming an iude r f ii!e3t niiijei h'-jrgrt tlitrn your quarrels ; i«t your unanimous dflir be that ot cenf^'i oatino powerful ilte i fl.a!l ackrcwltdge none as the friends of liberty but tbofe wjm obisrvc the laws txtinguioi nnimohties ai.d lunour li.isfurtune ciialpioe people i^hen er joijr territory is delivered froi:i the tn uy the republic hall be reorganized up 0 tlie firm foundation of religion ecpality • au toj orde h alcn that niocieut by youi energy '« general murat has rntercpth s cnprl er flora melas with vtry important difpatth u •>•, and took inors ihan 2©o prifoneii at piacentia " tfce hifpstrbfi of grnfral mf}di to th rourt of vienna r.nounce thit at the tt.t » mtnt when the order arrived for gtr.eral tt to raife the blockade maffena ( fdt a melitn ger otfering a capitulation it appraia frouj the letter of general meja ti;2t maflena lai given up genoa buttlni bis arm have nut be;n made priloners of w«r " adjutant general gerard pot pofttltwr eftbe brw*j,e ij fropt of tarbigo i;.d c-p pekd the i'jrtirs ahitli ike enemy's cavalry gitempud tow ke tgainft « i r infanty — night jpproache-j l^er t ral iviurat feeiirg ir importance rf dri»ing ihf enemy from t jc ■r pofition orderfj gf^rral iviffi>rifr to make i warm attack on 1 arvipo — t ! ict g«n eral accoir.panied by the cifalpine general pino attacked with ioipetuoiity arj carrifd the vi'!?ge at the pcint of r bayonet af ter an obftinate defence he t i i ! r d 2oo men jiirl took 4c0 prifonert uc had cr r>nr tide i ; rrten kitifd tod co woundfl general m"tat then proceeded to boflaiora which tbka moveineut forced the enemy to evacu ate " g?r>*r«i riliiitz who rvacuc;«s jce p has ro lee v able to effitfi bis reueat by ch (. oi-f t'i tende by tlir inificfptcd iett-ra of general melat i t appears that a\t l.'iiidiia it bidiy provilioocd it i thought t at gm t|jfc will take fheltef in grnn it tbc firft event are iirfavciurib's co h'?t jvne 9 '* gen*ra dubtfmt h occopisd c.rtniona whtic he lounrf cor-.'ic cr^ble hii gazi:.e gfrcsl hlfr.i't l betu confide ably birroccd in hii retr*«t bj general boutliei who ca ibe jd nd d tnok 150a prifotitrs — general gorroup lis loft his r tiller and retired iih very f*w men 10 coni the lommtad ol which pl»cc he hm takc;j •« during the ni^ht vt ctnp'oyed ourfelvei in buiming tiding bridges the uight and the whole cf the fir ot june were fpent in palling over the f!ivifio:;i ot foudet lfifon r,h v ictor v hicb prrc rdrd ibe next d*y to milan of which grnersl murnt will uot f il co r?crtve the kr-^i he r i)s iauucduteljr the blockade oi ihe c»ftle a berthier •• b*rthifr corriianfifr j 1 r hiff'cr the r n>j ». f aefrrve jo tfa cl'rt conttfl pstikt coonfcllor ci ftate to the confuh milan 3 prairia 1 — h e ic the conlo writer to me icitj frora bronri th ciiowirg ltit*r : 11 v bad jtftrrday a fi briiiiadf ffair without txsp^#r»tipn lh enemy fad 1 5 "~> killed end twice »» mauy ua^cd a w 3 milan jase 3 " citii-n con r uu i ime to gi»e jroo n accornt of the o»emeot of the army from the 3uh1 of vlay "• oprratiom ard of its trtiti at brave t j which it baa clui.^uiuisu iu«jf bulletin of tke r y of jtejerve . milan june 7 •• general loifon after baling pafied he adda at lodi took pofl'effion ct crcnmna pilicd the oglio on the 6ih a-d lock polfofa
Object Description
|North Carolina Mercury, and Salisbury Advertiser
|North Carolina Mercury, and Salisbury Advertiser
|Technical Metadata
|Image was scanned by OCLC at the Preservation Service Center in Bethlehem, PA. Archival image is an 8-bit greyscale tiff that was scanned from microfilm at 400 dpi. The original file size was 1916002 Bytes
|Date Digital
|Francis Coupee
United States
North Carolina
Rowan County
|Digital Format
|Project Subject
|State Archives of North Carolina Historic Newspaper Archive
|An archive of the North Carolina Mercury, and Salisbury Advertiser a historic newspaper from Salisbury, North Carolina
|The SA of NC considers this item in the public domain by U.S. law but responsibility for permissions rests with researchers.
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Karaoke Killed the Cat
No cats will be harmed in the making of this incredibly fun—and sadly final—evening of Karaoke Killed the Cat at Union Hall. The long-running and much-loved brainchild of Chris Goldteeth and Lord Easy bows out after tonight's (presumably) blowout session of singing, dancing and booty-droppin'. Not a singer? No worries. Even wallflowers are going to have a ton to gawk at: Previous sessions have ended with partygoers covered in fake blood and glitter. It promises to be a real Viking funeral of a night that has been going strong since 2003. You'll laugh, you'll cry and at least one guy will bravely attempt "Man in the Mirror" after too much liquor.
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