text:
Hello everyone,
it's Christmas time. Hooray. Or Boohray… depends on whether you like it or not :). But for us it'll be business as usual, I guess. Today we'lltalk about the word Weihnachten a bit. Weihnachten is a nice sounding word and I have to say that I like it much better than Christmas. Not to mention the awful X-mas… like it's an energy drink or something.Weihnachten Christmas. X-mas™
It has Nacht in it and it starts with Weih which comes from the verb weihen which means to… and I am already bored :). Seriously…. we'll take a break form learning today. Weihnachten means Christmas and Christmas means a lot of different things to people around the world… like eating, going to church, seeing the family, arguing with the family, going for a walk in the snow, deep and agonizing depression, loneliness, working, singing Christmas chorals, ginger bread, nothing, 3 days off and last but not least Weihnachten means presents. And so I decided to give you one too to thank you all for all your comments and questions and feedback. It is a chart about the German cases… and it is… well.. a little different than the usual charts. Here it is…weihen Christmas
I'm sure you'll be like … "what the hell is that?" so I'll add a little explanation here and you can of course ask all your questions. It is by no means complete. It is more an overview about the most important aspects and I tried to fit in the basics that you need every day without cluttering a page with tables… honestly… I hate tables. Anyway… if it doesn't work for you that's totally fine. I just had it sitting on my computer and I thought I might as well put it out there :). So…. I wish you all a wonderful Christmas holiday with lots of love and joy and peace or whatever else you wish for. Oh and for those of you you don't celebrate Weihnachten at all… well… have a wonderful normal day or a normal day with all stores closed :). So again… fröhliche Weihnachten euch allen! And here's my favorite Christmas song…
One month later, on August 19, the Constitution caught the British warship Guerrière alone about 600 miles east of Boston. After considerable maneuvering, the Constitution delivered its first broadside, and for 20 minutes the American and British vessels bombarded each other in close and violent action. The British man-of-war was de-masted and rendered a wreck while the Constitution escaped with only minimal damage. The unexpected victory of Old Ironsides against a British frigate helped unite America behind the war effort and made Commander Hull a national hero. The Constitution went on to defeat or capture seven more British ships in the War of 1812 and ran the British blockade of Boston twice.
After the war, Old Ironsides served as the flagship of the navy's Mediterranean squadron and in 1828 was laid up in Boston. Two years later, the navy considered scrapping the
which had become unseaworthy, leading to an outcry of public support for preserving the famous warship. The navy refurbished the
and it went on to serve as the flagship of the Mediterranean, Pacific, and Home squadrons. In 1844, the frigate left
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City on a global journey that included visits to numerous international ports as a goodwill agent of the United States. In the early 1850s, it served as flagship of the African Squadron and patrolled the West African coast looking for slave traders.
In 1855, the Constitution retired from active military service, but the famous vessel continued to serve the United States, first as a training ship and later as a touring national landmark. Since 1934, it has been based at the Charlestown Navy Yard in Boston. Over the years, Old Ironsides has enjoyed a number of restorations, the most recent of which was completed in 1997, allowing it to sail for the first time in 116 years. Today, the Constitution is the world's oldest commissioned warship afloat.
On this day in 1909, the first race is held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, now the home of the world's most famous motor racing competition, the Indianapolis 500. Built on 328 acres of farmland five miles northwest of Indianapolis, Indiana, the speedway was started by local businessmen as a testing...
socialism 'a way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government'
uphold 'to let stand'
due process 'a course of formal proceedings (as judicial proceedings)'
asylum 'protection from arrest and extradition given especially to political refugees'
insubordinate 'disobedient to authority'
One of our town's time-honored is to have an Easter egg hunt the week before Easter.
For specification purposes Environment Record values can be thought of as existing in a simple object-oriented hierarchy where Environment Record is an abstract class with two concrete subclasses, declarative environment record and object environment record. The abstract class includes the abstract specification methods defined in Table 17. These abstract methods have distinct concrete algorithms for each of the concrete subclasses.
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is associated with an ECMAScript program scope containing variable and/or function declarations. A declarative environment record binds the set of identifiers defined by the declarations contained within its scope.
In addition to the mutable bindings supported by all Environment Records, declarative environment records also provide for immutable bindings. An immutable binding is one where the association between an identifier and a value may not be modified once it has been established. Creation and initialisation of immutable binding are distinct steps so it is possible for such bindings to exist in either an initialised or uninitialised state. Declarative environment records support the methods listed in Table 18 in addition to the Environment Record abstract specification methods:
The behaviour of the concrete specification methods for Declarative Environment Records is defined by the following algorithms.
The concrete environment record method HasBinding for declarative environment records simply determines if the argument identifier is one of the identifiers bound by the record:
The concrete
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method CreateMutableBinding for declarative environment records creates a new mutable binding for the name N that is initialised to the value undefined . A binding must not already exist in this Hard Wearing Latest Jessica Simpson Kenton Flat Sandal Womens qNrkx1
for N . If Boolean argument D is provided and has the value true the new binding is marked as being subject to deletion.
The concrete Environment Record method SetMutableBinding for declarative environment records attempts to change the bound value of the current binding of the identifier whose name is the value of the argument N to the value of argument V . A binding for N must already exist. If the binding is an immutable binding, a TypeError is thrown if S is true .
The concrete Environment Record method GetBindingValue for declarative environment records simply returns the value of its bound identifier whose name is the value of the argument N . The binding must already exist. If S is true and the binding is an uninitialised immutable binding throw a ReferenceError exception.
The concrete Environment Record method DeleteBinding for declarative environment records can only delete bindings that have been explicitly designated as being subject to deletion.
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Giving scopes to the studentsIdea by Ashikur Rahman | added on Nov 28, 2011 03:58PM Suggestion
Increase lab opportunities
The students studying in our country(Bangladesh) have a very few scope to practice what they have learned.Very few lab opportunities.We need to practice a lot for what we need an enough amount of lab equipments.We hope that you should look forward to us and to the people of the whole world.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Thursday, October 8, 2009
Apple Coffee Cake
Fall is finally here! When I think of Fall I think of apples, pumpkins and all the yummy baked goods that can be made with them. It's funny because I'm not a good baker but when Fall comes around I get excited about baking for a little while. I'm not a huge fan of pies so when I saw this recipe by Giovanna at For My Three Little Monkeys, I knew I had to try it. It's an apple coffee cake and has everything I'm looking for in a Fall recipe. It's not a pie, has apples and it's not difficult! What's great about this recipe is that even if you don't like cooked apples you can leave them out and have a fabulous coffee cake. The ricotta makes this cake so moist that three days later it still tastes like I just pulled it out of the oven. This is a recipe that's going to stay with me a long time. It's the best cake I've ever made! Can you tell that I'm excited?
I made the recipe exactly as written except I left out the shortening and used all butter and accidentally put the pecans in the food processor (oops). It worked out perfectly. I hope you try this recipe and go check out Giovanna's blog. She has more great recipes like this one!
Apple Coffee Cake
Source: For My Three Little Monkeys
2 cooking apples; peeled, cored, and chopped
1 3/4 cup all-purpose flour
3/4 tsp. baking powder
1/2 tsp. baking soda
1/4 tsp. salt
1/2 cup butter
1 cup granulated sugar
1 tsp. vanilla
2 eggs
1 cup ricotta cheese
*** Streusel ***
2/3 cup packed brown sugar
1/2 cup all-purpose flour
1/2 cup oats
1/2 tsp. ground cinnamon
1/4 tsp. salt
4 Tbsp. butter; cut into small pieces
2 Tbsp. shortening; cut into small pieces
1/2 cup pecan pieces
Heat oven to 350F. Grease a 9-inch springform pan with butter. Combine all streusel ingredients except butter, shortening and pecans in a food processor. Add butter and shortening. Pulse about 10 times then process for 5 to 10 seconds until there are no visible lumps of fat.
Peel and chop apples and toss with lemon juice. Set aside.
Mix together 1 3/4 cups flour, baking powder, soda and salt in a medium bowl.
Using an electric mixer beat 1/2 cup butter and the sugar and vanilla. Add eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Alternately add flour mixture and ricotta cheese to batter. Mix on low speed after each addition until combined.
Spread 1/2 of the batter into the bottom of the pan. Sprinkle with 1/2 of the streusel mixture and then the diced apples. Spoon remaining batter over apples. It will not spread smoothly so be gentle and use dollops of batter. Sprinkle with remaining topping and nuts.
Bake 45-50 minutes more or until a wooden toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. Cool at least 1 hour on a wire rack.
28 comments:
- Nelly said...
Wow! That does look yummy! A definate departure from my usual baking but i may have to give that a go!
- October 8, 2009 at 9:43 AM
- Giovanna said...
Thanks Michele! I am so glad you like it. Since my computer melt down I will have to try to repost all my recipes from before! This cake is also great with made with cooking pears. Ciao!
- October 8, 2009 at 11:02 AM
- Bob said...
Holy crap! That looks wicked good. I love apple coffee cake, I'm definitely trying it next time my girlfriend goes apple picking.
- October 8, 2009 at 11:57 AM
- Carolyn said...
I am so trying this this weekend!!! YUMMY!
- October 8, 2009 at 12:31 PM
- Danielle said...
omg...that looks incredible! I'd love a slice or 2 right now with my coffee!!
- October 8, 2009 at 12:48 PM
- Dajana said...
I'm glad you're making progress baking and moreover that you're enjoying it.
The cake looks fabulous, I'm never tired of trying new apple recipes.
- October 8, 2009 at 12:49 PM
- Ciao Chow Linda said...
This sounds and looks perfect. Love all the flavors with the apple, cinnamon and ricotta. bookmark
- October 8, 2009 at 12:54 PM
- girlichef said...
mmmmmm....perfect fall coffee cake! Such a perfect autumn treat :)
- October 8, 2009 at 1:30 PM
- Kathy said...
Looks delicious! I plan on baking this soon. Hope mine turns out as wonderful as your pic looks! Keep up with the great recipes! I love, love, love them!
- October 8, 2009 at 2:17 PM
- Michele said...
Thanks everyone! I really am proud that I was able to make it and it looked almost as good as Giovanna's!
- October 8, 2009 at 2:40 PM
- Dawn said...
I love apple when it's used in a coffee cake. I simply must try this. Everytime I come to your blog that song brings back so many memories. l'italiano vecchia scuola (old school italian)
- October 8, 2009 at 4:00 PM
- Theresa said...
Looks so good.
- October 8, 2009 at 4:35 PM
- Lynda said...
Mmmmmm, this looks perfect! Wish I had a slice to go with my coffee- guess I'll have to make it!
- October 8, 2009 at 4:36 PM
- Michelle said...
This cake looks and sounds SO good!! Who says you can't bake?!?!
- October 8, 2009 at 8:01 PM
- Cathy said...
Oh, Michele, I woke up to this in my email this morning. That is just cruel! What a great twist on coffee cake. I'm getting the ingredients this weekend. My MIL is going to love this too!
- October 9, 2009 at 7:57 AM
- teresa said...
mmmm, i need apple recipes, and this looks fantastic, thanks!
- October 9, 2009 at 12:03 PM
- Patti T. said...
I usually do not like coffee cakes because they are most times on the dry side. This one certainly does not look dry, it looks delicious. I think I will make this for hubby's lunches next week, that is if I can get him to give up brownies for a week, tee hee. His actual nickname at work is "Brownie" because he always has one in his lunch.
- October 9, 2009 at 3:21 PM
- Jen_from_NJ said...
This looks so good! I need to pick up some apples. Thanks!
- October 10, 2009 at 9:23 AM
- Stacey Snacks said...
This has to be great, because it has ricotta in it!
I love coffee or apple cakes, so I will try this!
- October 11, 2009 at 9:59 PM
- Sophie said...
omg omg omg. I have to have this! Ricotta? Awesome. This look so dang moist. I'm gonna see if I can make this gluten free, I've got a big craving now. Holy cow I have to make this!!!
- October 12, 2009 at 12:09 PM
- Kristin said...
Filing this away for AFTER I'm in the wedding requiring the skin tight bridesmaid dress. Ah ha
- October 13, 2009 at 4:46 PM
- Rosabela said...
I haven't tried this yet but I made Giovanna's roasted eggplant and it was to die for!
- October 14, 2009 at 2:56 PM
- Pam said...
What I would give for a slice of this with my coffee right now. It looks terrific.
- October 15, 2009 at 11:10 AM
- Spryte said...
Michele... this looks so good! I might make some this weekend!
- October 15, 2009 at 1:02 PM
- Barbara GF said...
This recipe is just what I was looking for to use up the last of my apples. I can't wait to bake it over the weekend, which is going to be a cold and rainy one here in the valley. Thanks for sharing, Michele!
- October 15, 2009 at 8:05 PM
- shandon said...
Oh, Michele, that looks so yummy! My apples are almost ripe, and I know what I'm going to do with them now. Thank you for sharing this recipe!
- October 15, 2009 at 10:27 PM
- Karine said...
Your coffee cake sounds amazing! Great way to use apples.
- October 15, 2009 at 11:40 PM
- The Blonde Duck said...
I must make this cake. Immediatley. This is all kinds of goodness.
- October 21, 2009 at 1:21 PM


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7:00 pm
America Revealed "Electric Nation" Called the biggest, most complex machine in the world, Yul Kwon travels the country to understand how more than 200,000 miles of high-tension transmission lines deliver electricity to the nation and learn the intricacies and vulnerabilities of the system. He joins a live wire repair team who do their daring repairs from the side of a helicopter in flight, visits the country's largest coal mine, and rappels down the side of a wind turbine.G
8:00 pm
PBS NewsHour NULL
9:00 pm
Nightly Business Report Tonight on Nightly Business Report, Wal-Mart, the world's largest retailer, says it won't earn as much money this year as many had hoped. What's holding Wal-Mart back? And, Facebook pays a whopping $ 16b for WhatsApp, a company few have heard of before today. How does it make money and who are the guys behind it?. D
9:30 pm
Journal NULL
10:00 pm
Charlie Rose NULL
11:00 pm
Super Skyscrapers "The Vertical City" Shanghai Tower is a collection of businesses, services and hotels all in one place, fitting a population the size of Monaco into a footprint the size of a football field. When complete, the structure will dominate Shanghai's skyline, towering 120 stories over its neighbors as a testament to China's economic success and the ambitions of the city's wealthy elite. Part 3 of 4G


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jimstewart needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 64 designs submitted by 20 freelance designers.
logo for a new series of books dedicated to helping people understand their medical problems in terms they can understand. These books will all include anecdotes and stories told by patients overcoming various diseases.
This is a design for a simple logo which will be on the website & books for healthscouter.com. HealthScouter.com is a new series of books published by Equity Press (http://www.sapcookbook.com) - there will be at least 100 books in this series.
the healthscouter logo should include
It should be blue, white/black and perhaps shades of light green. It should also do well as a greyscale or b/w. The best designs will be clean and simple but will incorporate a "scout" in the letters themselves - someone looking for medial information and providing it for our customers.
- incorporates a "scout" into the letters HEALTHSCOUTER
- blue, black, white, and perhaps two shades of green
- the logo includes http://www.healthscouter.com
- elegant, simple designs are best
- a logo with just H S
- logo that does not exude quality
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Transportation planning
Publications & Resources
The Division of Transportation Planning is required by State and Federal laws to conduct certain studies and provide reports, at other times the division provides analysis and develops recommendations that are of interest and used in transportation planning circles. This page is intended to provide a quick site to view, print, or download those documents provided by the Division of Transportation Planning.
California MPO/RTPA Statewide Map
Community Information
- Final Report for Phase 3 of the San Joaquin Valley Growth Response Study
- Main Streets: Flexibility in Design and Operations
- Department of Transportation Public Participation Inventory
- Livable Communities
- Statewide Transit-Oriented Development Study: Factors for Success in California
Climate Change
- Addressing Climate Change Adaptation in Regional Transportation Plans: A Guide for California MPOs and RTPAs
- Traffic Impact Model Manual
Economic Information
- Transportation Funding in California (2011)
- Estimates of Highway Gasoline Use by County
- Long-Term Socio-Economic Forecast by County
- Commission on Transportation Investment
Regional Assistance
- Regional Planning Guidance and Tools
- Regional Transportation Plan Guidelines
- RTP Evaluation Report (entire report-5.8MB)
- RTP Guidelines Supplement
- California Transportation Agencies and Tribal Governments Listing
- 2000-01 Rural Planning Assistance Allocations
Statewide Plans
- California Transportation Plan (2025)
- Transportation System Performance Measures - Final Report (1998)
- Statewide Goods Movement Strategy (1998)
- Interregional Transportation Strategic Plan (1998)
- Interregional Transportation Stretegic Plan Maps
- Global Gateways Development Report
- Trends and Demographic Final Report, December 2002 (Word, PDF)


text:
Your editorial ("Food stamps have evolved into farm bill Frankenstein," July 11) is so wildly incorrect about the facts that it undermines the conclusions you draw and the opinions you use these "facts" to defend.
Your claim that 101 million Americans receive food stamps is off by an astonishing 53 million. The real number, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, is 47,661,353 as of April. Your conclusions that this represents 1 in 3 Americans and more than the total number of private sector employees in the U.S. economy are similarly off-base.
Separating the entire Nutrition Title — not only food stamps — from the rest of the farm bill breaks a 40-year bipartisan consensus; your claim that the farm bill is just too "complex" suggests Congress did this for the sake of "simplicity;" in fact, no one in Congress thought this simplification was important until after the whole bill was voted down by the House a few weeks ago.
Splitting the farm bill in two was never about simplification — it was about the Republican leadership trying to save face after an embarrassing defeat. As recently as last week, even Frank Lucas, Republican chairman of the Agriculture Committee which wrote the bill, was publicly opposed to the division of the bill. Did the bill suddenly become "too complex" for the very people who wrote it?
It is much more consistent with the facts to conclude that after the full bill failed, House Leaders including Eric Cantor and Paul Ryan wanted to appease their most conservative members with even deeper cuts that take food out of the mouths of hungry families. They didn't have the votes the first time, but couldn't risk offending the recipients of generous farm subsidies — including some Congresspeople themselves — who are the real "takers" feeding at the public tough.
Consider U.S. Rep. Doug LaMalfa (R-Calif.): $5.1 million in farm subsidy payments to his family over 17 years. Or Rep. Steve Fincher (R-Tenn.), whose farm subsidies have been at least $80,000 per year since 1998. Both of them support drastic cuts to food stamps, but voted yes on the Farm Bill.
We encourage you to correct your facts and reconsider your opinions. And we encourage your readers to call their representatives in Congress and tell them to vote no on cuts to our community's more important tool in protecting our most vulnerable neighbors from hunger.


text:
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This is an observational study aimed to investigate the activity of autonomic nervous system during sleep in patients with sleep-related migraine.
Eight consecutive migraineurs without aura were enrolled (6 women and 2 men), aged 30 to 62 years (mean 48.1 ± 9.3 years). Inclusion criteria were: high frequency of attacks (> 5 per month) and occurrence of more than 75% of the attacks during sleep causing an awakening. Patients were compared with a control group of 55 healthy subjects (23 men and 32 women, mean age 54.2 ± 13.0 years), and with a further control group of 8 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Patient and controls underwent polysomnography and heart rate variability analysis.
A significant reduction of the LF/HF ratio during N2 and N3 sleep stages was observed in migraineurs compared with controls. No differences in sleep macrostructure were observed; cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) time and CAP rate were lower in migraineurs than in controls.
These findings indicate a peculiar modification of the autonomic balance during sleep in sleep-related migraine. The reduction of LF/HF ratio in NREM sleep was observed in controls, but it was quantitatively much more evident in migraineurs. Changes in LF/HF could be consequent to an autonomic unbalance which could manifest selectively (or alternatively become more evident) during sleep. These findings, together with the reduction in CAP rate, could be an expression of reduced arousability during sleep in patients with sleep-related migraine. The simultaneous involvement of the autonomic, arousal, and pain systems might suggest involvement of the hypothalamic pathways.
Vollono C; Gnoni V; Testani E; Dittoni S; Losurdo A; Colicchio S; Di Blasi C; Mazza S; Farina B; Della Marca G. Heart rate variability in sleep-related migraine without aura. J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(7):707-714.
Migraine attacks are frequently preceded by premonitory signs and/or associated with symptoms suggesting the involvement of the autonomic nervous system. In particular, symptoms of the prodromic phase1 (irritability, increased sensitivity to sounds, light, and smells) and symptoms and signs of attacks2 (nausea, vomiting, cutaneous vasoconstriction or vasodilatation, piloerection, sweating) have an autonomic basis.
Several previous clinical studies investigated a possible dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system in migraineurs, but a large variety of measures have been used to assess autonomic function, and the results are consequently controversial.3–6 Sympathetic hypofunction,4,5,7–10 sympathetic instability or hyperfunction,11,12 and/or parasympathetic dysfunction4,8,13 have been described or suggested in migraine. Other authors reported mild sympathetic hyperactivity in migraineurs, without evidence for an impairment of the autonomic cardiovascular control.14 These contradictory results were probably caused by many factors that can bias autonomic function tests: age, weight, gender, test selection, test criteria, conditions of testing, and patient selection. At present, more than 30 years after the first description,15 the most widely used method for assessing the status of the cardiovascular sympatho-vagal balance is represented by spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV),16,17 which has the advantage of being noninvasive. This analysis, through the quantification of low-frequency oscillatory components (LF) and high-frequency oscillatory components (HF, synchronous with the respiratory rate, marker of vagal modulation) is used to estimate the respective role, and the balance, of the orthosympathetic and the parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system.16,17
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Migraine, as well as sleep, are associated with modifications in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of ANS in a population of patients with sleep-related migraine, by means of heart rate variability analysis.
Study Impact: In sleep-related migraine, there is a reduction of LF/HF ratio during N2 and N3 sleep stages, as compared with controls. This reduction occurs in parallel with the decrease of NREM sleep instability measured with cyclic alternating pattern. The results suggest that sleep-related migraine is associated with impairment of EEG and autonomic arousal mechanisms.
Migraine has a close relationship with sleep.18 It is well known that the onset of migraine attacks can occur during sleep; conversely, in some patients, sleep may relieve the symptoms of migraine.18 On the basis of the time of onset of the attacks, some authors3,19–21 have defined a "sleep-related migraine," in which the onset of attacks has a close correlation with sleep, that is, more than 75% of the attacks occur during sleep. In the International Classification of Sleep disorders (ICSD 2nd edition) sleep-related migraine can be classified among the sleep-related headaches (Appendix A: sleep disorders associated with conditions classifiable elsewhere).22 Nevertheless, this form of migraine, defined on the basis of relation between sleep and the onset of attacks, is not coded in the International Classification of Headache Disorders - II.23
Sleep induces deep modifications in the autonomic output, with a peculiar pattern of circadian and ultradian oscillations.24–26 In fact, patterns of autonomic activity undergo significant modifications through wake and sleep, through NREM and REM, and in each specific stage of sleep.25 These findings were confirmed in quantitative EEG and HRV studies during sleep.27,28 For these reasons, it could be hypothesized that peculiar modifications of autonomic nervous system activity, occurring during sleep, might facilitate the onset of attacks of migraine in predisposed subjects.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the modification in the autonomic activity during sleep stages in a selected group of subjects with a very close relation between migraine attacks and sleep; this condition, in accordance with some previous reports, was called sleep-related migraine.21 We hypothesized that, in these patients, autonomic modification occurring during sleep stages could predispose to migraine attacks. In order to clinically define sleep-related migraine, we analyzed the sleep diaries and selected patients in whom more than 75% of the migraine attacks occurred during sleep and caused an awakening. Part of this group of patients was the object of a previous study, in which we analyzed the pattern of arousal in sleep-related migraine.29 Sleep study was performed by means of nocturnal, laboratory-based polysomnography; sympatho-vagal function was evaluated by means of heart rate variability analysis.
We enrolled in the study 8 consecutive patients of both genders (6 women and 2 men), aged between 30 and 62 years (mean 48.1 ± 9.3 years), fulfilling the criteria of the International Classification of Headache disorders 2nd edition23 for migraine without aura as well as the criteria of the ICSD22 for sleep-related headache. Patients were recruited from the Headache Center of the Catholic University in Rome over a period of 12 months. All outpatients, after the first evaluation, were asked to fill in a diary of headache episodes for a period of 4 weeks; this constitutes a standard procedure before defining a diagnosis and starting a prophylactic treatment.23 All the patients underwent a full medical and neurological evaluation, and were asked to complete a migraine diary for 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the PSG recording.
Inclusion criteria were: (1) high frequency of attacks (≥ 5 per month) and (2) more than 75% of their attacks during sleep, causing an awakening. Episodes in which the patients presented headache on morning awakening but were not directly awakened by the pain were excluded. Other inclusion criteria were: the absence of prophylactic treatment during the study (no patient received drugs of any kind, chronically, in order to prevent the onset of migraine attacks) or in the previous 3 months; absence of pharmacological treatment of any kind in the month prior to the sleep study, with the exception of triptans or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) administered for the acute treatment of attacks. Exclusion criteria were heart disease, arrhythmias, or intake of cardiovascular active drugs; diabetes; uncontrolled hypertension; smoking; obesity; chronic respiratory disease; thyroid disease; psychiatric disorders; severe head trauma; and previous history of sleep disorders of any type or of other neurological diseases. The main clinical data concerning the patients' group are summarized in Table 1.
Patient clinical and demographic data
(more ...)
Heart rate variability and polysomnographic data obtained in patients were compared with data recorded in a control group of 55 healthy subjects (23 men and 32 women, mean age 54.2 ± 13.0); this population of healthy volunteers was previously enrolled to act as controls in previous sleep studies. The same exclusion criteria applied to the patients' group were also applied to the controls. Moreover, as requested in the review process, a further comparison was performed between the patients and an age- and gender-matched control group composed of 8 subjects (6 women and 2 men, mean age 46.7 ± 10.7 years). All patients and controls gave written informed consent to participate. The study was performed in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by Ethics Committee of the Catholic University in Rome.
Patients and controls underwent a full-night, attended, laboratory-based nocturnal video-polysomnography. In order to avoid any influence of acoustic stimuli on sleep,30 patients and controls slept in a partially soundproof room. Polysomnography were recorded by a Micromed System (Micromed, Mogliano Veneto, Treviso, Italy) 98 digital polygraph. Montages included 8 EEG leads applied to the following locations: Fp1, Fp2, C3, C4, T3, T4, O1, O2; reference electrodes applied to the left (A1) or right (A2) mastoids; 2 electrooculographic electrodes applied to the cantus of each eye, surface elect myography of submental and intercostal muscles, airflow measured by oronasal thermocouple, thoracic and abdominal effort, EKG (V2 modified derivation), and peripheral hemoglobin saturation. Impedances were kept below 5KΩ before starting the recording, and checked again at the end of the recording. Sampling frequency was 256 Hz. A/D conversion was made at 16 bit. Pre-amplifier amplitude range was ± 3,200 μV, and pre-filters were set at 0.15 Hz. Sleep monitoring lasted from 23:00 to 07:00 the next morning. A technician was present for data acquisition, and video monitoring was performed throughout the registration.
Sleep stages were visually classified by an expert physician according to the criteria of American Academy of Sleep Medicine.31,32 The analysis of sleep-related respiratory events was made visually by an expert scorer, according to the criteria established by the AASM.31,33 Cyclic alternating pattern analysis was performed according to the standardized criteria.34
Heart rate variability analysis is the measure of the variations of the interval between consecutive heart beats. It is widely accepted that heart rate variability represents a quantitative marker of autonomic activity.17,35 The variations in heart rate may be evaluated by time domain methods and frequency domain methods.
The time domain methods are based on the detection of the QRS in a normal EKG and on the determination of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals, which are all the intervals between adjacent QRS sinusal complexes. Time domain variables are: mean heart rate, heart rate standard deviation, the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN interval (RMSSD), and the number of interval differences of successive NN intervals > 50 ms (NN50).
The frequency domain methods consist in the calculation of the power spectral density analysis of a plot of consecutive NN intervals, called tachogram. This power spectral density can be calculated with nonparametric and parametric methods. The parametric methods, as the autoregressive method used in this study, allow an accurate estimation of power spectral density even on a small number of samples on which the signal is supposed to maintain stationarity. Three major spectral components can be computed: very-low frequency (VLF), low-frequency (LF), and high-frequency (HF). The HF component of the spectrum is widely recognized as a measure of vagal activity, whereas the significance of LF component is more debated, and it seems to reflect at the same time both vagal and sympathetic activity. Overall, the LF/HF ratio may provide a quantitative esteem of the balance of the 2 branches of the ANS (sympatho-vagal balance). For a detailed description of the heart rate variability analysis, see: Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology.17
In the present study, HRV analysis was performed during quiet wake before sleep and in the following sleep stages: N2-1C (stage N2, first sleep cycle), N2-LC (stage N2, last sleep cycle), N3, REM. For each sleep and wake stage, we selected a single time interval lasting 5 min during which no stage shift occurred. During these intervals the EKG trace was analyzed. For the analysis, we selected 5-min periods chosen with the following criteria: (1) 5 consecutive min of quiet wakefulness (W) before sleep onset, (2) first 5 consecutive min of stage 2 of NREM sleep in the first sleep cycle (N2-1C), (3) first 5 consecutive min of stage 2 of NREM sleep in the last sleep cycle (N2-CL), (4) first 5 consecutive min of stage 3 of NREM (N3), (5) 5 consecutive min of REM sleep (REM). Stage 1 NREM (N1) was excluded from the analysis because this state is considered, by definition, a stage of transition, and it is very unlikely to observe 5 consecutive min of stable N1 in polysomnographic recordings. We analyzed separately 2 intervals of N2 because this sleep stage may have deep differences when it occurs in proximity of SWS or REM sleep. In particular, it has been described as a progressive decrease in HRV sympathetic indexes during the transition toward SWS, contrasting with high and stable levels during N2 that evolves toward REM.36 Periods of EKG recording containing awakenings, arousals, extrasystoles, or movement artifacts were excluded from the analysis. We decided to analyze intervals of 5 min because we needed to select consecutive epochs of homogeneous recording for each sleep stage, not interrupted by stage shifts, micro-awakenings, fast-frequency EEG arousals, body movements, extrasystoles, or artifacts. Longer intervals of stable EEG and EKG recordings can hardly be observed, in particular during stages N3 and REM. Moreover, 5 min is the minimal length of EKG recording during which the signal is supposed to be stationary, thus allowing an accurate estimate of the spectral components with the autoregressive method.17,35
Artifact rejection was performed visually. Dedicated software (Rembrandt SleepView-Medcare) calculated the RR intervals (tachogram). Another software program was used for automatic evaluation of heart rate variability parameters (HRV Analysis Software, Biomedical Signal analysis Group, Dept of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, Finland).37
HRV analysis was performed both in the time domain and in the frequency domain. In the time domain, the parameters calculated were: RMSSD and NN50; geometric measures: the NN triangular index, determined from the histogram of RR intervals, in which NN stands for normal-to-normal intervals (i.e., intervals between consecutive QRS complexes resulting from sinus node depolarization), SD1 (standard deviation of the instantaneous beat-to-beat RR interval variability, minor axis of the Poincaré plot), and SD2 (standard deviation of the long term RR interval variability major axis of the Poincaré plot).
In the frequency domain, HRV was analyzed using the autoregressive model (AR, model 16). The frequency bands considered were low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF: 0.15-0.4 Hz). The physiological explanation of the very low-frequency component (VLF, 0-0.04 Hz) is poorly defined; moreover, the very low-frequency assessed from short-term recordings is a dubious measure; for this reason the very low-frequency component was excluded from the analysis. The frequency domain parameters analyzed were therefore: the power of the LF and HF bands expressed in absolute values, normalized units, and the LF/HF ratio.
Statistical comparisons were performed between migraineurs and controls (n = 55), as well as between migraineurs and the restricted group of matched controls (n = 8). Since HRV parameters show a skewed distribution in the general population,38 a nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used for comparison. The same test was used to compare sleep parameters between migraineurs and controls. The comparisons for categorical variables were performed by means of Fisher exact test. In case of multiples comparison, in order to avoid family-wise type I errors, a formal Bonferroni correction was applied to each family of comparisons, by dividing the limit of significance by the number of comparisons (for HRV parameters, 5 comparisons were made, in the conditions Wake, N2-1C, N2-LC, N3, REM; therefore the threshold level for significance was p = 0.05/5 = 0.01). Statistics were performed using the SYSTAT 12 software, version 12.02.00 for Windows (SYSTAT Software).
The diaries of migraine attacks collected by the patients in the weeks before and after the sleep study showed that all patients had ≥ 5 migraine attacks during this interval (Table 1). No patient presented migraine attacks in the 48 h before or after the sleep study. Migraineurs and controls did not differ for age (migraineurs = 48.1 ± 9.3, controls = 54.2 ± 13.0; U-test: 284.5, p = 0.183), gender (χ2 = 0.572, p = 0.364) and body mass index (BMI migraineurs = 22.6 ± 1.8 kg/m2; controls = 22.6 ± 1.8 m/ kg2, p = 0.465; matched controls = 20.9 ± 2.6 kg/m2; p = 0.753). No patient presented polysomnographic evidence of sleep disordered breathing (AHI migraineurs = 1.8 ± 1.0 events/h; AHI controls = 2.4 ± 1.3 events/h; AHI matched controls = 2.1 ± 0.8 events/h).
All patients had a normal night's sleep; no patient had a migraine attack in the night of the sleep study. Patients and controls did not show snoring or other sleep-related breathing abnormalities. On average, the patients included in this study slept for 428.4 ± 43.4 min; their sleep efficiency index (total sleep time/time in bed) was 92.9% ± 3.0%; the number of awakenings > 1 min was 5.4 ± 4.0. No significant differences in sleep parameters and sleep stage composition was observed between patients and controls; only a trend towards decrease in N1 percentage was observed in patients (migraineurs = 5.5% ± 1.6%, controls = 10.8% ± 8.3%; U-test: 325, p = 0.030). As compared to controls (n = 55), migraineurs showed lower cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) rate (migraineurs = 22.8% ± 2.5%, controls = 30.1% ± 6.5%; U-test: 414, p < 0.001) and CAP time (migraineurs = 78.8 ± 8.0 min, controls = 118.3 ± 36.9 min; U-test: 354, p = 0.006). No significant differences were observed in the indexes of EEG arousals (number of arousals per hour of sleep, per hour of NREM, and per hour of REM). Mean values ± standard deviation of sleep macrostructure and microstructure parameters in patients and controls, and results of the statistical comparison, are reported in Table 2. When compared with the matched controls (n = 8), migraineurs showed no significant differences in macrostructural parameters, but they showed lower CAP rate (migraineurs = 22.8% ± 2.5%, matched controls = 47.01 ± 11.2%; U-test: 8.0, p = 0.004).
Results of the PSG study in migraineurs, controls, and matched controls, and results of statistical comparison
The most relevant difference observed in time domain concerned mean heart rate. In the migraineurs group, when compared with control group, there was a higher mean heart rate during wake (migraineurs = 69.6 ± 3.0, controls = 59.0 ± 3.3 beats/min; U-test: 7.0, p = 0.006), stage N2-1C (migraineurs = 69.3 ± 2.6, controls = 49.0 ± 2.1 beats/min; U-test: 39.0, p < 0.001), and stage N2-LC (migraineurs = 63.5 ± 7.2, controls = 53.5 ± 10.3 beats/min; U-test: 37.0, p = 0.003). Notably, no differences were observed in N3 and in REM sleep. The results of the HRV analysis in the time domain in migraineurs and control groups, with results of U-test and levels of significance, are reported in Table 3. Similar results were observed in the comparison between migraineurs and the matched control group (n = 8) (Table 4).
Results of the HRV analysis in migraineurs and controls, and results of the statistical comparison
Results of the HRV analysis in migraineurs and matched controls and results of the statistical comparison
No significant differences in the measured parameters (LF, HF, LF/HF) were observed between migraineurs and controls in wake. In sleep stage N2, in the migraineurs group there was a statistically significant reduction of LF/HF ratio as compared to control group (migraineurs = 0.09 ± 0.01; controls = 1.49 ± 2.26; U test: 42.5, p < 0.001); this occurred without significant modifications of the HF and LF spectral powers. The same result was observed in deep slow wave sleep N3 (migraineurs = 0.09 ± 0.02; controls = 0.78 ± 1.01; U test: 64, p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed, between the 2 groups in REM sleep. Detailed results of the statistical comparison between migraineurs and controls are shown in Table 3; a plot of the LF/HF values in each sleep stage is shown in Figure 1. Similar results were observed in the comparison between migraineurs and the matched control group (n = 8) (Table 4).
n.s., not significant.
Plot of the mean values of LF/HF ratio in migraineurs and controlsn.s., not significant.
The main result of this study is the reduction of LF/HF ratio during N2 and N3 sleep stages in migraineurs when compared with controls. As concerns sleep structure, no significant differences between migraineurs and controls were observed in sleep macrostructure; migraineurs had a lower degree of NREM sleep instability measured by CAP time and CAP rate. These latter findings have been described and discussed in a previous paper.19
General agreement exists on the functional meaning of spectral component of heart rate variability; nevertheless some matters of debate still exist. The HF component is universally considered as a marker of parasympathetic activity; whereas some doubt exist of the functional meaning of the LF component, which could be an expression of sympathetic tone or a mixture of sympathetic and parasympathetic activation.17,35 Most authors agree that the LF/HF ratio provides an esteem of the sympatho-vagal balance and its oscillations17,24,35; although this point of view has been critically reviewed and questioned by Eckberg.39 More recently, Burr demonstrated that LF and HF, expressed in normalized units, are predictable from each other, and that there is only one degree of freedom inherent in these two measures.40 With these limitations, we used the LF/ HF ratio as an indicator of fluctuations of the sympatho-vagal balance during sleep.40
In the control subjects included in this present study, the time course of the LF/HF along sleep stages was consistent with a well-known circadian and ultradian rhythm24–26,36,41: the LF/HF values decreased progressively from wake to N2 and N3, and increased again in REM (Figure 1). This pattern of sympathetic-nerve activity has been demonstrated in living humans during sleep by means of a direct, microneurographic recording of sympathetic fibers.25 The pattern of autonomic oscillations observed in the migraineurs was similar, but it was characterized by a much deeper reduction of LF/HF in NREM sleep; no difference between N2 and N3; and a greater, though not significant, rise in REM.
The functional meaning of these autonomic modifications during sleep in subjects with sleep-related migraine is not defined. It has been reported that during headache-free periods, migraineurs have a reduction in sympathetic function compared to controls, and that migraine is a disorder characterized by chronic sympathetic dysfunction.42 Seen in this view, sleep-related migraine could be a peculiar condition in which the sympathetic impairment occurs selectively during sleep, hypothetically due to modifications of central nervous system arousability.19
Migraine attacks during sleep could be facilitated by this autonomic imbalance, and in particular by the relative prevalence of parasympathetic activity in NREM. In this case, most of the attacks should be emergent from NREM sleep stages. Alternatively, the trigger could be rapid shift from parasympathetic to sympathetic predominance which occurs at the NREM-to-REM transition. In this case, attacks should be more frequent in proximity to REM. Literature data suggest that migraine attacks can occur both in deep NREM sleep stages and in REM.43,44 No attacks were recorded in our patients.
Whatever the mechanism, these data are in accordance with our previous observation, concerning a group of patients who largely overlapped with this present sample.19 In that study we observed that migraineurs, compared to controls, had a signifi-cant reduction of NREM sleep instability (measured with cyclic alternating pattern) without modifications of the fast-frequency EEG arousals.19 It is known that CAP reflects a different arousal mechanism than that measured by fast-frequency EEG arousal.45 Essentially, slow-frequency microarousal (CAP phases type A1) and fast-frequency microarousal (fast EEG arousal and CAP phases types A2 and A3) represent state-specific arousal responses, differently distributed along the NREM/ REM cycles.45 Moreover, they differ in the power of autonomic effect which is associated: hierarchically, an increasing magnitude of vegetative activation is observed from the weaker slow-frequency microarousals (coupled with mild autonomic activation) to the stronger fast-frequency microarousal (coupled with a vigorous autonomic activation).45 Our sleep-related migraine patients seem to differ from controls essentially in the amount of slow-frequency microarousal, and this in accordance with the reduced amount of autonomic activation during NREM sleep. Taken together, these data suggest that a close correlation exists between the activity of arousal systems during sleep and the activity of the autonomic nervous system; and that in sleep-related migraine, a peculiar modification of both these systems can be observed.
It could be speculated that the hypothalamus might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sleep-related migraine. First, hypothalamus has a major role in regulation of autonomic activity. Second, neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that hypothalamic dysfunction may cause migraine attacks.46 Finally, the hypothalamus is a part of the arousal system.47 Experimental evidence indicates that regulation of autonomic functions and nociceptive processing are closely coupled in the hypothalamus and by means of the orexinergic transmission.48,49 Thus, the orexinergic system in the posterior hypothalamus is modulated by the biological clock and the cortex, and is involved in the modulation of dural nociceptive transmission.49 Moreover, it is well known that the posterior hypothalamus, as well as the orexinergic pathways, are involved in the regulation of wake, sleep, and arousal.47 Therefore, we are proposing that a hypothalamic dysfunction, probably involving the orexinergic system, is responsible for the link between the pain of primary neurovascular headaches,50 the autonomic dysfunction, and the reduced arousability.
In conclusion, in the present study we observed concurrent modifications of NREM sleep instability (CAP) and autonomic modulation during sleep in patients with sleep-related migraine. This is in accordance with a bulk of observations which consider the hypothalamus, where arousal-related and autonomic relays are located, a crucial structure in the pathogenesis of migraine attacks. This is analogous to what happens in another primary, autonomic, closely sleep-related headache, namely cluster headache. Nevertheless, in order to define a causal relationship between these phenomena and to clarify the pathogenesis of migraine attack during sleep, further studies are necessary, and in particular neurophysiological recordings performed in the course of migraine attacks emerging from sleep.
This was not an industry supported study. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
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text:
Dragon Gate USA presented Open the Ultimate Gate 2013 on Saturday night, a fantastic show headlined by Johnny Gargano defending the Open the Freedom Gate title against Shingo and AR Fox and CIMA defending the Open the United Gate Tag Team Championship against The Young Bucks. Who would prevail on a night of non-stop action?
Emanating from the Meadowlands Expo Center in Secaucus, N.J., as part of the WrestleCon Expo, Open the Ultimate Gate 2013 featured nine matches, with two championships on the line.
In the opening match, Rich Swann defeated Brian Kendrick.
Match #2 - Chuck Taylor vs. Shane Strickland vs. Fire Ant vs. Anthony Nese vs. Jigsaw vs. Arik Cannon
It all starts breaking down, with several of the men hitting dives. Finally, with five men on the floor, Strickland messes one up. Cannon looks like he's going to do one, too, but he instead pulls out a beer and drinks it.
Cannon hits a big lariat on Jigsaw but misses a moonsault. Fire Ant back in now and he and Jigsaw combine for a DDT on Cannon. Nese back and he hits a sitout power bomb. Taylor into the fray and he drills Nese with a big knee. This is totally wild now. Everyone giving and taking moves and the crowd is on its feet.
Cannon German suplexes Strickland off the top, but Fire Ant kicks Cannon, then gives Taylor a Stunner. This is so fast. Nese chucks Jigsaw head-first into the ropes and goes to the top, but Strickland cuts him off, but Cannon comes in, only Strickland bombs him away, but before he can get up, Nese rises on the top and hits the 450 on Strickland and ends it. Wild, wild action.
Winner via pinfall: Anthony Nese
Match #3 - Derek Ryze vs. Scott Reed
Reed, taking to the ring without many of his cohorts, doesn't need them, picking up the win rather quickly in this one.
Winner via pinfall: Scott Reed
Match #4 - Jon Davis vs. Trent?
Trent sends Davis to the floor and then comes flying over the top with a big flip dive, much to the approval of the anti-Davis audience. Back in the ring, though, Davis sends Trent flying into orbit and then hits a big boot, to the crowd chanting, "You still suck!" at him.
Davis sends Trent off the apron and into the guard rail. Davis in control now. He hits a release German for two. Davis with a kick to Trent's neck. They head back to the floor and Trent starts to find some offense, but Davis hot shots him into the guard rail. That hurt. In the ring, Davis wants to send Trent flying off the top, but Trent elbows him down and then hits a twisting corkscrew moonsault for two.
Trent works some kicks and finally the third one sends Davis to the canvas. Missile dropkick connects for Trent. Running back elbow hits for Trent, but then he runs right into a choke slam. Davis follows that with the Shining Wizard for two. Davis drives Trent into the corner and just goes to town headbutting Trent and refuses to break and is finally disqualified, even though the referee gave him extra time to break.
Winner via disqualification: Trent?
Davis takes out both the ref and Trent after the match, then demands a microphone. He calls out anyone who wants to stop him. Crowd chants for Super Dragon. Crowd then chants, "Hogan." Davis says Hogan can't even stand and he'd beat the crap out of him. He drops the mic and leaves.
Match #5 - Eita & Tomahawk TT vs. Super Smash Brothers
Tomahawk making his DGUSA debut here.
Even match in the early-going, with neither team able to gain any significant edge whatsoever. That is until Tomahawk absolutely crushes Player Uno with a chop that was so hard that Player Dos sold it on the apron. Uno has the referee rub it for a moment. Smash Brothers get the edge back and Uno gives Tomahawk a little receipt, but Tomahawk gives it right back and then hits a double pump suplex.
Tomahawk and Eita hang Uno over the top rope and each deliver a dropkick. Now they start rolling. Eita now lights Uno up with a chop, but Uno comes back. Now they're trading chops. They are absolutely destroying each other. Uno is able to bring in Dos, who comes in on fire. He takes out Eita with a dive, but gets caught by Tomahawk, only to turn it in to a DDT for two.
Dos runs into a big forearm, but Uno comes in with a nice shot, only to run into a big boot. Tomahawk has Uno, but Dos comes in and leg drops him and Uno locks in the Sharpshooter, but Eita breaks it up by shoving Dos into Uno. Tomahawk might've just broken the skin with the chop he just gave Dos. Another another. And another. Eita and Tomahawk combine and destroy Dos with a Doomsday Device into a Codebreaker, but Uno breaks up the near-certain pin.
The Smash Brothers start moving, with Dos hitting Tomahawk with the 450 as Uno cannonballs Eita. They call for the fatality, but Eita crotches Dos and then walks the ropes and hits a hurricanrana. Then Eita goes to the top and looks like he's going into the ring, but moonsaults to the outside onto Uno. Holy crap!
In the ring, Tomahawk loads Dos up and hits the Night Rider and that finally does it.
Winners via pinfall: Tomahawk TT and Eita
Match #6 - Ricochet vs. Akira Tozawa
This one is all Ricochet early. He hits a big shooting star press off the top rope to the floor, but Tozawa gets the fans on their feet and hits three straight suicide dives. Now Christina Von Eerie gives Ricochet a suplex on the floor behind the referee's back.
Tozawa in control now. He chops away at Ricochet in the corner. A big right hand drops Ricochet for two. Ricochet responds, though, and hits a springboard lariat. Ricochet hits a running shooting star press, now he's rolling. Well, for a moment, anyway, until Tozawa nails a brainbuster for two.
Both men down. Ricochet slams Tozawa and goes for the Phoenix Splash. Tozawa moves, but Ricochet rolls through. Tozawa hits a bicycle kick and a Saito suplex, but Ricochet is able to bounce up and hit an overhead kick before falling to the canvas. The two start slugging it out. Tozawa gets the better of it. Tozawa tossed onto the apron, but he brings Ricochet out to the apron as well and, after a struggle, delivers a German suplex on the apron.
Back in the ring, Tozawa catches Ricochet in an electric chair position but drops him down into a release German suplex. He follows with a big roar and then drops Ricochet on his head with a German suplex and a bridge, but Ricochet kicks out at the last moment.
They struggle with each other, several standing switches, until Ricochet finally gets the better of it with a backslide driver, but Tozawa kicks out. But he's able to follow that with the 630 and that gets the duke.
Winner via pinfall: Ricochet
Match #7 - Uhaa Nation vs. Sami Callihan
Nation with a delayed vertical suplex that he turns into a snap suplex for two. Nation hits a big lariat and then puts Callihan in the air and then drops him on his knees. But Callihan is able to take over and is really putting the boots to Nation now.
Callihan is able to catch the Stretch Muffler, but Nation is able to turn it into a small package for two. The two rise and hit bicycle kicks on each other at the same time. Both men down now.
They rise and start trading blows. Callihan with several open hand shots but runs right into a German suplex. And another. Nation goes to the second rope but Callihan kicks him down to the canvas. Dragon screw leg whip for Callihan and he follows with a Figure Four. Callihan continually working on the knee of Nation. This is all Callihan at this point. Nation is able to hit a spinning backbreaker, but his knee is badly damaged, so he's slow to follow up.
Nation catches Callihan and hits him with a slingshot power bomb for two. Callihan, though, after some moments, hit a Saito suplex and a lariat. Nation rises right up, though, and hits a gorilla press slam and then the Uhaa Combination and that does it.
Winner via pinfall: Uhaa Nation
Match #8 - Open the United Gate Tag Team Championship - (c) CIMA & AR Fox vs. The Young Bucks
Bucks in control of the match early on, first on Fox and then on Cima. Cima, though, hits a suplex, and Fox comes in with a missile dropkick. Both Bucks on the floor on opposite sides of the ring. Fox hits a suicide dive on one side, then on the other, then comes big with a big flip over the top onto Matt Jackson.
The Bucks, though, hit some big kicks on the floor and regain control. Matt with two handsprings into a back rake, which draws a "that was awesome" chant from the crowd. Crowd tries to rally Fox back into the match, but that's to no avail as Matt hits a dropkick. Bucks doing a great job at isolating Fox here. Matt goes for a splash, but Fox gets his knees up.
Fox starts to rally and hits a springboard Ace Crusher and finally brings in Cima. He clocks Nick and then suplexes Nick. Fox comes flying in and wipes out Matt, who was over the guard rail, with a huge flip dive, going over both the post and the guard rail. Wow.
Cima and Nick in the ring now. Cima and Fox get Matt on Cima's knees and Fox comes from the top with a 450, but Nick breaks up the pin. Kicks all around for all parties right now and all four men are down. Bucks, though, get their offense rolling. They hit a springboard tombstone on Fox, but Cima barely makes it in the nick of time to break up the pin. Bucks have a miscommunication and Nick kicks Matt. Now the champs go to work.
They have him finished, but Fox can't stop Nick from coming in and saving the match for his team and he breaks up the pin attempt. Nick, though, low blows Cima behind the referee's back. Cima rolls to the outside and it's both Bucks in on Fox. They hit a double super kick and then hit More Bang For Your Buck and that is all she wrote, as Cima can't make it back in time.
Winners via pinfall and NEW Open the United Gate Tag Team Champions: The Young Bucks
Match #9 - Open The Freedom Gate Championship - (c) Johnny Gargano vs. Shingo
Extremely technical match to start. Much slower pace than what we've seen for much of the night. Shingo goes to work on Gargano and lays the wood to him on the floor. He sends him into the guard rail and then lays in some heavy chops. Shingo gets a running start, but misses, allowing Gargano to hit a big kick.
Now Gargano starts to get going. Gargano sets Shingo up on a chair on the outside and chops away, then goes back in the ring and comes flying through with a suicide dive. Still on the floor, Gargano hits two kicks on a sitting Shingo. He runs in for another, but Shingo hops up and delivers a death valley driver on the concrete.
Shingo catches Gargano with a draping DDT back in the ring. Shingo with a neckbreaker and then a diving lariat for two. Gargano, though, responds with a suplex. He follows with a tornado DDT for two. Shingo, though, absolutely destroyed Gargano with a lariat and then another death valley driver for two.
Gargano asking Shingo to club him with lariats. Gargano, though, turns the fourth one into the Garga-no Escape. Shingo, though, gets his foot on the bottom rope.
They end up on the top turnbuckle together and after multiple reversals, Gargano hits a hurricanrana off the top. He follows with a corner dropkick and darts Shingo into the middle turnbuckle for two. Now the two start to slug it out. Shingo starts firing away, but Gargano fires right back. Now business is picking up. Saito suplex hits for Shingo, but Gargano responds with a superkick, to which Shingo responds with a big lariat.
Corner splash for Shingo. Now Shingo wants the Last Falconry. He hits hit but Gargano kicks out at the last fraction of a second to stay alive. Shingo wants Made in Japan but Gargano counters with Hurts Donut and goes back to Garga-no Escape, but again, Shingo is able to get his foot on the bottom rope. The crowd is on its feet with a "please don't stop" chant.
Shingo counters the Hurts Donut, grabbing Gargano and hitting Made in Japan, but again Gargano kicks it. Shingo follows with the Pumping Bomber but again, Gargano somehow kicks out at the last moment.
Shingo loads Gargano up and hits Made in Japan again, but he hit the referee with Gargano's foot on the way around, so the count was not as fast as it could've been. Now we get a ref bump, as Gargano accidentally back elbows the referee. Now Gargano low blows Shingo, hits a kick and then pulls tape out of his trunks and chokes Shingo out with it. He locks in the Garga-no Escape and the referee raises Shingo's arm three times to no response and calls for the bell. The crowd is not happy.
Winner via submission and STILL Open the Freedom Gate Champion: Johnny Gargano
Matt Bishop can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. Please include your name and hometown. Click here to follow Matt on Twitter. Should be a good one!.


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SoCalAndy wrote:Wrestlers spitting on the fans is pretty fucking rad. Joey Ryan needs to start spitting on fans more often again. And Dragon should start punching people in the face. That would be awesome.
trixster_73 wrote:Seriously, did anyone see the John Cena fan? Is he another regular PWG, cuz I swear I saw him last time and he didn't have all that stupid ass gear on. Come on dude, who the hell brings wwe gear to a pwg event. I've seen shirts from other wrestling feds, that's fine... but DUDE he's got the jewelry on, hat on, wristbands on, and that stupid ass chain. :x
He's gotta expect all the crap we gave him. And he's got the nerve to give US the death looks. Did he realize he was making a stupid mistake, or maybe he woke up that morning, looked at the mirror, and said "Self, let's trim that mustache, and I think I'll go piss off some pwg folks."
And with that mustache that man has, shelling out several bills for that belt and necklace, he's gotta be in the adult industry, looks like those sleezy, socially awkward guy. Am I wrong or what? :roll:
shyboy13 wrote:SoCalAndy wrote:Wrestlers spitting on the fans is pretty fucking rad. Joey Ryan needs to start spitting on fans more often again. And Dragon should start punching people in the face. That would be awesome.
Let me get this strait. You actually LIKE it when people spit on you? You like getting punched in the face? I'm not going to attack you or anything because I dont know who you are and for all I know we talk to each other all the time. Also, if you were only joking and I missed the joke then disregard what I say. What you said however doesnt make sense. If you think it is "rad" for fans to get spit on and punched then you must like people (or wrestlers) doing that to you. You cant have it both ways. You cannot say that it is ok when other people get spit on and assaulted but it is not ok for it to happen to you. If you want wrestlers to attack fans then you must think it is ok for them to attack you as well.
I can only assume that you were joking. If that was the case then dont listen to my rambling. I mean, who in their right mind actually thinks it is ok to get spit on?
SoCalAndy wrote:Hey Mac Machine, what did you think about the show?
Mac Machine wrote:ME! I'm not joking. Really I'm not. If I get in a wrestlers face, I'm ready to be spit on! (wait acually, It's happend, I was once spit on right in the face) But for one, nobody got spit on or punched in the face. I'd love to put you back about 10 years ago in the front row while Terry Funk is on his way to the ring, and I dare you to stand up (like caesar did) and talk shit to his face (which caesar did). Funk used to try and poke people with a freaking branding iron! A lit on fire freaking branding iron. THAT'S GREAT SHIT! That makes me want to hate him when he gets in the ring (see my point?) Look it's wrestling, not baseball not any other sport where the wrestlers shouldn't be bad asses, it's their job. If you don't want to be spit on or pushed or have a soda dumped over your head then don't stand up and get in someone like Dragon's face.
What do you expect Dragon to do? Just stand there and keep walking and in turn look like a huge pussy? He's a PRO WRESTLER, he kills people! No body says you have to sit front row.
So in closeing........WARNING WARNING WARING!!!!
There's you all have been warned so no bitching.
Mac Machine wrote:We are cool Shy, I wasn't really yelling or mad in my post, just being a crazy guy.
I didn't really love getting spit on, nor did I do it for attention. But, I did understand why. I LOVE having fun at a show and yelling at the guys I don't like. I hate sitting on my hands and keeping my mouth shut. So I understand when the guy I just called a fat jerk spits on me. It made me mad, but I still understand it is what he has to do. If a wreslter gets in your face, and you stay in your seat and don't man up, then he's not going to push you, or even spit on you. Stay in your seat and enjoy the show. I for one have yelled stuff at Ricky Reyes and when he looked my way, I shut the fuck up cause he looks like he kills people.
*breaks kayfabe*
It really comes down to heels having to keep their heat. They can't let some fans win, if some fan stands up to him and he backs down, how does he look? How can he be taken legitametly when a fan just punked him? Wrestlers are supose to be larger then life and if fans don't look at them that way then they lose their mystic(sp). I take it back about going or not going, GO TO THE SHOWS, just understand where the wrestlers are coming from.
Mac Machine wrote:
*breaks kayfabe*
Halfwaydcent wrote:Mac Machine wrote:
*breaks kayfabe*
How do we know that they really break kayfabe? I mean, Super DRagon always gets in me & my friends faces. Ever since Smells like Steens Spirit, he always gets in me and My girlfriends face. I think it's cause of association. Super Dragon hates my Friends because they Jeer him. I know he owns the company, but they still hate him for some reason--at the end of SD's match with Joe, he rips the flowers from my Girlfriends hand and whips it on one of the audience members. Anywayz, I just wanted to share my experiences and follow on through with how do we really know that they are breaking kayfabe? I mean, even outside the Ring, SD hates my friends.
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One of the nation's largest and most respected hospital companies, Universal Health Services, Inc. (UHS) has built an impressive record of achievement and performance. Steadily growing from a startup to an esteemed Fortune 500 corporation, UHS today has annual revenue nearing $10 billion. In 2017, UHS was recognized as one of the World's Most Admired Companies by Fortune; ranked #276 on the Fortune 500, and listed #275 in Forbes inaugural ranking of America's Top 500 Public Companies.
Our operating philosophy is as effective today as it was 40 years ago: Build or acquire high quality hospitals in rapidly growing markets, invest in the people and equipment needed to allow each facility to thrive, and become the leading healthcare provider in each community we serve.
Headquartered in King of Prussia, PA, UHS has more than 81,000 employees and through its subsidiaries operates more than 320 acute care hospitals, behavioral health facilities and ambulatory centers in the United States, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the United Kingdom.
Wellstone Regional Hospital is a 100-bed acute care facility located in Jeffersonville, Indiana and has been providing quality health care to the residents of Southern Indiana and the Louisville area since 2003. Wellstone specializes in the treatment of Adolescents, Children, Adults, CD, and the Geriatric population. In addition to our in-patient services, we offer out-patient programs as well. Wellstone is seeking a dynamic and talented Mental Health Technician, 2nd Shift, Full-Time CD Unit.
The Mental Health Technician / Specialist function as an active part of the treatment team, providing continuous patient care, supervision, interaction, and role modeling to patients ranging in age from preschool through geriatrics depending on which unit worked. Mental Health Technician/ Specialist work under the direction of the Registered Nurse. This is a non-exempt position.
Education: Must have High School Diploma, college preferred. CNA preferred.
Experience: Behavioral Health experience preferred but not required.
Additional Requirements: CPI/CPR training must be completed prior to working any unit independently. May be required to work overtime and flexible hours. Must complete and pass screening process.
Hours of Work: 2:45 p.m. - 11:15 p.m.; other times as indicated by immediate supervisor
This opportunity provides the following:
UHS is a registered trademark of UHS of Delaware, Inc., the management company for Universal Health Services, Inc. and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Universal Health Services, Inc. Universal Health Services, Inc. is a holding company and operates through its subsidiaries including its management company, UHS of Delaware, Inc. All healthcare and management operations are conducted by subsidiaries of Universal Health Services, Inc. To the extent any reference to "UHS or UHS facilities" on this website including any statements, articles or other publications contained herein relates to our healthcare or management operations it is referring to Universal Health Services' subsidiaries including UHS of Delaware. Further, the terms "we," "us," "our" or "the company" in such context similarly refer to the operations of Universal Health Services' subsidiaries including UHS of Delaware. Any employment referenced in this website is not with Universal Health Services, Inc. but solely with one of its subsidiaries including but not limited to UHS of Delaware, Inc.
UHS is not accepting unsolicited assistance from search firms for this employment opportunity. Please, no phone calls or emails. All resumes submitted by search firms to any employee at UHS via-email, the Internet or in any form and/or method without a valid written search agreement in place for this position will be deemed the sole property of UHS. No fee will be paid in the event the candidate is hired by UHS as a result of the referral or through other means.


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Difference between revisions of "ArchMap"
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When Google Earth for Linux was released, [[User:brain0|brain0]] recreated the project.
When Google Earth for Linux was released, [[User:brain0|brain0]] recreated the project.
The third version of ArchMap based on Google Maps. This project is still active.
The third version of ArchMap based on Google Maps. This project is still active.
== Google Maps ==
== Google Maps ==
Revision as of 23:43, 11 November 2011
The ArchMap project creates a map of Arch Linux users all over the world.
ArchMap was originally created by xterminus. He created jpeg files that could be downloaded from this page. However, he didn't have the time to maintain them anymore, so he dropped the project. The latest versions of his maps can still be viewed here.
When Google Earth for Linux was released, brain0 recreated the project.
The third version of ArchMap is based on Google Maps. This project is still active.
Google Maps
You can find it here: ArchMap
ArchMap should always be up-to-date. Scripts on server regenerate KML file daily. Obviously you can download this file and load it in Google Earth.
If you have any suggestions please post them here.
Google Earth Map
ArchMap is now available as Google Earth .kmz file maintained by brain0. You can download it here (last updated 02.09.2009, but it doesn't work - I hadn't updated this since 2009, if anyone can figure out what's wrong, tell me FIX: The Problem was the "&" in the entry from Bosnia&Herzegovina. I fixed the entry to "Bosnia and Herzegovina" on the wiki, now you just need to regenerate the kml from that).
You can add the coordinates to Google Earth permanently:
- Right click on "My Places"
- Go to Add -> Network Link
- Enter ArchMap into the Name field and put the above link into the URL field. Then press OK.
You can refresh the data by right-clicking the ArchMap folder and selecting "Refresh".
These are some screenshots to demonstrate how it looks:
Of course, to view everything you will still need Google Earth.
List yourself
Go to the ArchMap List page and use the Edit button to add yourself to the World Map. Use decimal coordinates; positive numbers mean north and east, negative numbers mean south and west, resp. The comment is optional.
The maps are regenerated whenever there has been some activity on the list.
Finding your coordinates
Find your coordinates at
- You can determine them easily inside Google Earth or Google Maps (see ArchMap List page)
- multimap.com (numbers are in brackets under the map)
US Residents may also use
- census.gov (go to bottom and enter zipcode)


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Looking for the Blessed Hope
This show addresses world events in light of the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ with His bride the church.
Wille and Dave Hauser are co hosts.
What an exciting time to live.
Titus 2:13 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ;
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Oh there's no place like Robert Pattinson's home for the holidays, for no matter how far away Kristen Stewart roams ... sorry, was that mean? Seriously though, rumor has it "the couple will spend Christmas and New Year's together" in L.A. until RPattz leaves to start filming his next project in early January, and if that's not another Festivus miracle, I don't know what is. It's the most wonderful time of the year!
We can't help but wonder what those two crazy kids are giving each other for Christmas. Or maybe they're just giving it to each other for Christmas, if you get my drift. A little ho ho ho under the mistletoe, you know what I'm sayin'?
Well, good thing there's a GIF for every occasion. In the spirit of the season, we present to you: 12 Days of Robert Pattinson & Kristen Stewart's VERY Sexy Christmas.
On the first day of Christmas, Robsten got busy ...
There, don't you feel merry and bright?
What do you think Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson are getting each other for Christmas?
Image via Splash


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New Zealand police have put the kibosh on an experimental way of selling marijuana – dispensing it like a candy bar through a vending machine.
Four people were arrested and $27,000 ($21,983 U.S.) in cash, cannabis and drug paraphernalia were seized after a raid on a warehouse in Auckland used as the headquarters for the National Organisation for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (Norml), TVNZ reported.
The raid came in response to news coverage of the pot vending machine, where visitors could buy a one-gram bag for $20 ($16 U.S.).
Norml president Julian Crawford told TVNZ the vending machine "has been very popular" and was "an example of how things could be'' if marijuana were legalized in New Zealand.
Police also carted away the vending machine in the raid.


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(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved.
Contact us for information about using this image.
This is a receipt from Ebenezer Wells, tax collector for the town of Deerfield, Massachusetts, to Justin Hitchcock for the payment of various taxes in 1782.
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Tax Receipt of Justin Hitchcock
Tax receipt of Alpheus Moore for Ebenezer Hinsdale's property
Silhouette of Deacon Justin Hitchcock (1752-1822)
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Robert Pattinson went guitar shopping with Brad Paisley
TWILIGHT star and avid musician ROBERT PATTINSON unknowingly went guitar shopping with country star BRAD PAISLEY in Nashville, Tennessee.
The hunk has dabbled in music, composing and recording two songs for the vampire franchise's first film, Never Think and Let Me Sign, and he recently made a pit stop in the country music mecca to check out the selection at Gruhn Guitars.
Pattinson was browsing the axes on sale when the singer offered up a little shopping advice, but the actor had no idea he was chatting to the Grammy winner because he looked just like any other customer.
Pattinson tells U.S. TV host Jimmy Fallon, "I went to the special room upstairs. There was a guy there in a baseball cap and he was just playing guitars. And he was kinda one of those guitar people who just seem really impressive, but he just seemed like a normal guy and was really sweet."
The pair sat down in the store and played a few chords, and Paisley even offered to test out the actor's favourite instruments to help the amateur musician pick the perfect guitar.
He continues, "Every single time I touched a guitar they (the employees) were like, 'Do you want Brad to just play it?' I was like, 'Well,' I just thought it was a guy who worked there. And I just had no idea who he was... I bought a couple little instruments and that was that."