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Here is what you can do.
First off, prepare yourself interiorly.
1. Surrender your expectations. A family retreat may not necessarily involve long stretches of silence, uninterrupted meditations, or even a great degree of solemnity. Children are children, after all. A family retreat will look different and feel different from a retreat for adults.
2. Serve the weakest members. Anticipate that the smallest children (and older ones) will be hungry, grumpy, irate by an unexpected routine, or hyperactive. Bring along bottles of water and a bag of pretzels for snacking. Figure out a way to accommodate naps for smaller and older kids. Realize that you might also be grumpy from fasting. Scale down large expectations: settle for less. Serve the youngest children and encourage your teens to have the same attitude. Chances are, if your youngest children are engaged, you will be as well.
When you have prepared yourself to surrender and serve, here are a few activities, which you might want to try.
General activities:
1. Whatever you decide to do, bring along your Bible or a booklet of the Stations of the Cross (with pictures is best). Decide as a family to read all four Passion Narratives, but not all at once, and maybe not all together. Remember how children love stories. In the car or while waiting for something else (ie: bread to rise, Mass to start), dip into each of the Four Gospels. Maybe in the morning, at lunch, at dinner, and before going to bed. You decide. Return to the Gospels over and again during the day. They are short.
2. Sing. Sing "Glory be to Jesus" or "O Sacred Head Surrounded." Or sing the responses from Mass: "Lamb of God," "Holy, Holy, Holy" or the "Our Father." Chant the Divine Mercy Chaplet. Sing to fill up the gaps or to remind the family what this is all about. Sing before naps, in the car, before a meal. Singing makes it sacred. It's okay to sing the same thing over and over again, especially for younger children, who will like it more.
3. Rest. Let your teens sleep in late: it will be easier for them to fast. Make an early bedtime. If you are retreating at home, naps should be optional for all kids. Probably not for you, though.
4. Don't do stuff. No catching up on big housework. Wash the dishes, wipe the counters, pick up bedrooms, but that's it. Don't run the vacuum. Cancel appointments. Keep kids home from school. If Dad can take the day off, cool. If not, that's okay. Do what you can. Don't do what you don't really need to do. Don't shop. The stores are full of Easter things: shop on Holy Thursday and Holy Saturday. Don't watch TV or listen to the radio. Fast from electronics.
5. Stay outside as much as possible. There are fewer distractions of the electronic and recreational kind. Pick flowers. Sit and watch bugs. Take a family hike. Go to a retreat house or religious institution and just walk around the grounds. If you know of someplace that has a Stations of the Cross outside, go and visit. You and the older kids can pay attention to the Stations: involve the younger children as the moments allow.
With younger children (3-6 years)
1. Make a moss garden. Go outside with a bucket and gather moss, gravel, small flowers, branches from boxwood bushes, and rocks. When you come inside, plant a moss garden in a old baking tray and build a tomb. Meditate (ie: keep it in your mind and speak to the children about it at opportune times) the Garden of Gethsemane, how Christ's friends were too tired to pray with Him. Remember how Christ was buried in the tomb. Above is the tomb my older daughter created this Holy Thursday.
2. Read stories. The Gospels are best, but there are other books that are also good. Avoid those with too much Easter in them. Read the story of Jonah and remember how Jonah was in the belly of the whale for three days.
3. Gather four of the biggest nails you can find and hold them and talk about them with your children. Notice the sharp points. Discern how much detail you should go into with your younger children about Christ's sufferings, but let them know that Christ was nailed to the Cross. All young children can relate to getting hurt and experiencing bleeding. Meditate on how Christ got hurt, on purpose, to save us. Hold the nails gently. Kiss them to thank Jesus for getting hurt for our sake. If you go on a family hike, bring the nails along, wrapped in a cloth. Take turns carrying them.
4. Cover the statues and pictures in your house. Get a bunch of cloth napkins in a dark color, or cut up pieces of dark cloth (we have used a black cape from a Halloween costume). Go around the house and carefully cover up statues of Mary and the saints and holy pictures. (If you don't have cloths, you can turn some pictures to the wall). Use dark garbage bags to cover up outdoor statues. Talk about why we do this at home and at church. We do it to help us focus most of all on Christ, and to remind ourselves that without Christ, there would be no saints!
5. Have a funeral procession for Christ. Leave your family crucifix uncovered until 3 PM. Then take it down from the wall. Have some small wet cloths and gently wipe it and clean it. (Crucifixes can get dusty.) Take turns kissing Christ's hands and feet and face. Say thank you to Jesus for dying for us. Wrap the crucifix in white cloth (napkins or tea towels work). Then have a procession to the dining table or other place of repose. Family members can carry palm branches from Palm Sunday, lighted candles, flowers. Sing or chant as you process slowly to the place of repose. When you reach the place, place the flat palm branches criss-cross to make a sunburst and place the crucifix gently on top of them. Arrange candles and flowers around him. Say a prayer together. Keep the place of repose as a place where family members can until Easter.
With older children (6-12 years)
1. Go fishing. Find a quiet spot. Suggest to your children that they try to keep silence together as much as possible. Bring a Bible or book of the stations of the Cross so someone can read. Meditate on how the apostles were fishermen, what it means to be a Fisher of Men. Christ could have appeared anywhere on earth: why was He born in a place where fishing was such a large part of life? Does this mean anything? If you catch anything, have it for dinner.
2. Make pretzels out of salt dough in the morning. Recall that the pretzel shape is meant to recall arms crossed in prayer over the heart. (Hold a pretzel "upside down" to get the idea.) Discuss your Lenten resolutions. Was prayer really a part of your Lent? Let them rise and then bake them and have them for lunch with or without soup.
3. Carry the cross-beam together. While on a hike, look for a log or a heavy piece of wood that would be about the same weight as Christ's cross-beam. When you find the beam, take it with you on the hike. Take turns carrying it, or carry it together. Decide how far you can carry it. While you do, meditate on Christ's carrying His Cross and the Stations of the Cross. Think of how we can help carry one another's crosses.
4. Make a cross from a Christmas tree. This requires some additional planning, but if you know where you Christmas tree is (ie: on a burn pile in the back yard), find it and cut off the branches. Then cut it in two to make a cross. Fasten the cross-beam on the cross with rope or wire or nails. Set it up in your yard by digging a hole or piling stones around it. Pick flowers and put them around the base. Meditate on how the Christmas tree symbolizes the Tree of Life that was left in the Garden of Eden, and how the same Christ Child who gave us gifts at Christmas gave us Himself at Easter.
5. Have personal prayer times. At an opportune time (during the baby's nap?) let everyone go into a secret corner of the house with a Bible or prayer book and spent at least fifteen minutes praying any way they want. Give them notebooks or paper to write letters to Christ.
6. Pray and draw the Sorrowful Mysteries. If your kids are artistic, let them drawn pictures of the Passion as the family prays the Sorrowful Mysteries. They can draw anything from Christ Himself or Mary weeping over Christ or just them implements of the Passion -- the crown of thorns, the nails, the cross. Or they can copy a verse from the Passion narrative and illuminate it in calligraphy or with decorations. Post the artwork on the fridge or the family bulletin board or on the doors until Easter.
With teens (age 12-18)
1. Make a crown of thorns. While you're out in the wild, bring along a brown paper bag and a tough pair of work gloves. Gather thorn branches from brambles. When you have a rest, sit down and try weaving a crown of thorns, with gloves on or not. (Gloves are always an option.) To avoid unnecessary scratches, take your time: it's easiest to make the crown without gloves. In other countries, this is a traditional devotion. Meditate on Christ's crown of thorns and what it means for you. When you're finished, take turns carrying the crown as you walk. Place it on a cloth in the center of the dinner table.
2. If your teen is a reader, read or have them read the Dolorous Passion of our Lord by Anne Catherine Emmerich. Many teens have seen the movie The Passion but don't know the devotional work that inspired it.
3. If you have all teens, try spending the entire day outside. Practice "making silence" together. That means all agreeing to be as quiet as possible so that you and others can pray. Be aware that boys naturally make more noise than girls and let the girls know they have to be patient. :)
4. . Before bed, pray Night Prayer from the Liturgy of the Hours as a family. During the time of examination of conscience, ask your children's forgiveness for specific faults and failings that you have committed during the day. Invite (but don't require) your children to do the same.
5. In evening, watch The Passion of the Christ or the final part of Jesus of Nazareth or another movie about Christ's life. No snacks.
For dinner:
1. Make matzo bread. This can be an activity for the whole family. Use one cup of flour per person (or 3/4 white and 1/4 wheat), add a bit of sea salt or blessed salt, mix in about 1/4 cup of pure olive oil or vegetable oil, and then add just enough water to make a mixture of the consistency of play-dough. Let the children help. Meditate (ie: keep it in your mind and speak to the children about it at opportune times) on how Christ became our Bread of Life. Think about the unleavened bread of the Passover the Jews ate, the manna in the desert, the bread Christ consecrated at the Last Supper. Knead and pound the bread to develop the gluten, and think of how Christ was bruised for our sakes. Heat the oven to 400 degrees and remember how He willingly suffered in the crucible for us. Divide the bread into one-cup rounds (you can mix it one cup at a time) and cover with a white cloth. Think of how Joseph of Arimethea wrapped Christ's body in a linen shroud. After about fifteen minutes, let the children roll out the balls of dough into flat rounds like pita bread. Gently put the flat breads onto a greased baking sheet and brush them with olive oil and spices. Think of how Joseph anointed Christ's body. Put them in the oven. Meditate on Christ's rest in the tomb. Bake for about 10-20 minutes or till golden brown.
2. Eat matzo for dinner with fish sticks and rice. Remember that you are fasting but that the children can have as much as they want. No dessert.
On Easter night, after the Vigil or before bed:
You can decorate the Moss Garden with new flowers and little white banners saying, "Alleluia" and "He is Risen!" Roll away the stone so that your children can see the empty tomb.
Uncover all the statues (dust them with the cloths!) and replace all the holy pictures. Drape the crucifix in white cloth or white ribbons, decorate with palm branches and flowers, and hang it up again with all the statues grouped on a table beneath to celebrate. Don't forget to uncover your garden statues! Or have the children uncover them before the Easter Egg hunt.
If you made your Christmas tree into a crucifix, decorate it with flowers and a white sheet draped over its arms. Put it in a place where it can welcome visitors to your home during the Easter season.


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Availability: In stock
By Keith Yamashita
Fifteen Things Charles and Ray Teach Us is an intimate work which captures the spirit of the designing duo while exploring their philosophies on how to live, work, learn, see and embrace life.
Join the author as he explores 15 lessons which one can take away from the life and work of Charles & Ray Eames. The book is wonderful for Eames enthusiasts and also opens the door for those who are just beginning to explore the life and work of Charles and Ray for the first time, or any design enthusiast.
The book has two cover options one with Charles on the front and one with Ray.
40 pages. Paperback, 7 x 7"

subset: commoncrawl


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Luick was part of another strong team performance for the Crimson (photo courtesy David Silverman).
CAMBRIDGE, Mass.—The Harvard
women's swimming and diving team continued its strong
performance on the second day of the Harvard Swimming and Diving
Invitational, winning six of eight events Saturday at Blodgett
Pool. Mackenzie Luick, Kate Mills, Katherine Pickard and Kelly
Robinson each contributed to two event victories.
For the second straight day, the Crimson took control early with a relay win. Katy Hinkle, Luick, Robinson and Ali Slack won the 200-yard medley relay in 1:43.69, 0.61 seconds ahead of runner-up Rutgers. Robinson would later lead four Harvard swimmers in the top four spots of the 100 butterfly. She touched the wall in 55.11 seconds and was followed by Sophie Morgan, Slack and Ellie Johnson.
Luick's individual win came later, in the 100 breaststroke with a time of 1:03.88. Pickard and Mills won the 400 individual medley and 200 freestyle, respectively, before helping Harvard finish with a victory in the 800 free relay. Pickard won the 400 IM, the first individual swim of the session, in 4:20.66, more than five seconds ahead of the field.
Mills led a dominant Harvard performance in the 200 free. With a winning time of 1:50.51, she was the first of five straight Crimson finishers. Catherine Zagroba edged Alexandra Clarke for second place, less than one-quarter second back of Mills. Christine Kaufmann and Camille Hendrix rounded out the top five. Pickard, Zagroba, Mills and Clarke won the closing relay n 7:30.65.
Rutgers won the other two events, with Cat Whetstone taking the 100 backstroke in 55.44 seconds and Erin Saunders claiming the three-meter diving with 585.65 points. Katy Hinkle was the runner-up in the 100 back, narrowly missing an NCAA "B" cut in 55.73. Jenny Reese finished just 2.5 points behind Saunders in the diving.
The full teams competing against Harvard are Columbia, Rutgers, Sacred Heart and Wagner. The meet concludes Sunday.


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The Acquisition of Color Words
Katie Wagner and David Barner
Human experience of color results from a complex interplay of perceptual and linguistic systems. At the lowest level of perception, the human visual system transforms the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum into a rich, continuous three-dimensional experience of color. Despite our ability to perceptually discriminate millions of different color shades, most languages categorize color into a number of discrete color categories. While the meanings of color words are constrained by perception, perception does not fully define them. Once color words are acquired, they may in turn influence our memory and processing speed for color, although it is unlikely that language influences the lowest levels of color perception.
One approach to examining the relationship between perception and language in forming our experience of color is to study children as they acquire color language. Children produce color words in speech for many months before acquiring adult meanings for color words. Research in this area has focused on whether children's difficulties stem from (a) an inability to identify color properties as a likely candidate for word meanings, or alternatively (b) inductive learning of language-specific color word boundaries. Lending plausibility to the first account, there is evidence that children more readily attend to object traits like shape, rather than color, as likely candidates for word meanings. However, recent evidence has found that children have meanings for some color words before they begin to produce them in speech, indicating that in fact, they may be able to successfully identify color as a candidate for word meaning early in the color word learning process. There is also evidence that prelinguistic infants, like adults, perceive color categorically. While these perceptual categories likely constrain the meanings that children consider, they cannot fully define color word meanings because languages vary in both the number and location of color word boundaries. Recent evidence suggests that the delay in color word acquisition primarily stems from an inductive process of refining these boundaries.
Acquisition of Pragmatics
Myrto Grigoroglou and Anna Papafragou
To become competent communicators, children need to learn that what a speaker means often goes beyond the literal meaning of what the speaker says. The acquisition of pragmatics as a field is the study of how children learn to bridge the gap between the semantic meaning of words and structures and the intended meaning of an utterance. Of interest is whether young children are capable of reasoning about others' intentions and how this ability develops over time.
For a long period, estimates of children's pragmatic sophistication were mostly pessimistic: early work on a number of phenomena showed that very young communicators were egocentric, oblivious to other interlocutors' intentions, and overall insensitive to subtle pragmatic aspects of interpretation. Recent years have seen major shifts in the study of children's pragmatic development. Novel methods and more fine-grained theoretical approaches have led to a reconsideration of older findings on how children acquire pragmatics across a number of phenomena and have produced a wealth of new evidence and theories.
Three areas that have generated a considerable body of developmental work on pragmatics include reference (the relation between words or phrases and entities in the world), implicature (a type of inferred meaning that arises when a speaker violates conversational rules), and metaphor (a case of figurative language). Findings from these three domains suggest that children actively use pragmatic reasoning to delimit potential referents for newly encountered words, can take into account the perspective of a communicative partner, and are sensitive to some aspects of implicated and metaphorical meaning. Nevertheless, children's success with pragmatic communication is fragile and task-dependent.
Cognitively Oriented Theories of Meaning
Peter Gärdenfors
There are two main theoretical traditions in semantics. One is based on realism, where meanings are described as relations between language and the world, often in terms of truth conditions. The other is cognitivistic, where meanings are identified with mental structures. This article presents some of the main ideas and theories within the cognitivist approach.
A central tenet of cognitively oriented theories of meaning is that there are close connections between the meaning structures and other cognitive processes. In particular, parallels between semantics and visual processes have been studied. As a complement, the theory of embodied cognition focuses on the relation between actions and components of meaning.
One of the main methods of representing cognitive meaning structures is to use images schemas and idealized cognitive models. Such schemas focus on spatial relations between various semantic elements. Images schemas are often constructed using Gestalt psychological notions, including those of trajector and landmark, corresponding to figure and ground. In this tradition, metaphors and metonymies are considered to be central meaning transforming processes.
A related approach is force dynamics. Here, the semantic schemas are construed from forces and their relations rather than from spatial relations. Recent extensions involve cognitive representations of actions and events, which then form the basis for a semantics of verbs.
A third approach is the theory of conceptual spaces. In this theory, meanings are represented as regions of semantic domains such as space, time, color, weight, size, and shape. For example, strong evidence exists that color words in a large variety of languages correspond to such regions. This approach has been extended to a general account of the semantics of some of the main word classes, including adjectives, verbs, and prepositions. The theory of conceptual spaces shows similarities to the older frame semantics and feature analysis, but it puts more emphasis on geometric structures.
A general criticism against cognitive theories of semantics is that they only consider the meaning structures of individuals, but neglect the social aspects of semantics, that is, that meanings are shared within a community. Recent theoretical proposals counter this by suggesting that semantics should be seen as a meeting of minds, that is, communicative processes that lead to the alignment of meanings between individuals. On this approach, semantics is seen as a product of communication, constrained by the cognitive mechanisms of the individuals.
Defectiveness in Morphology
Antonio Fábregas
Morphological defectiveness refers to situations where one or more paradigmatic forms of a lexeme are not realized, without plausible syntactic, semantic, or phonological causes. The phenomenon tends to be associated with low-frequency lexemes and loanwords. Typically, defectiveness is gradient, lexeme-specific, and sensitive to the internal structure of paradigms.
The existence of defectiveness is a challenge to acquisition models and morphological theories where there are elsewhere operations to materialize items. For this reason, defectiveness has become a rich field of research in recent years, with distinct approaches that view it as an item-specific idiosyncrasy, as an epiphenomenal result of rule competition, or as a normal morphological alternation within a paradigmatic space.
Deixis and Pragmatics
William F. Hanks
Deictic expressions, like English 'this, that, here, and there' occur in all known human languages. They are typically used to individuate objects in the immediate context in which they are uttered, by pointing at them so as to direct attention to them. The object, or demonstratum is singled out as a focus, and a successful act of deictic reference is one that results in the Speaker (Spr) and Addressee (Adr) attending to the same referential object. Thus,
(1)A:Oh, there'sthat guy again (pointing)B:Oh yeah, now I see him (fixing gaze on the guy)
(2)A:I'll have that one over there (pointing to a dessert on a tray)B:This? (touching pastry with tongs)A:yeah, that looks greatB:Here ya' go (handing pastry to customer)
In an exchange like (1), A's utterance spotlights the individual guy, directing B's attention to him, and B's response (both verbal and ocular) displays that he has recognized him. In (2) A's utterance individuates one pastry among several, B's response makes sure he's attending to the right one, A reconfirms and B completes by presenting the pastry to him. If we compare the two examples, it is clear that the underscored deictics can pick out or present individuals without describing them. In a similar way, "I, you, he/she, we, now, (back) then," and their analogues are all used to pick out individuals (persons, objects, or time frames), apparently without describing them. As a corollary of this semantic paucity, individual deictics vary extremely widely in the kinds of object they may properly denote: 'here' can denote anything from the tip of your nose to planet Earth, and 'this' can denote anything from a pastry to an upcoming day (this Tuesday). Under the same circumstance, 'this' and 'that' can refer appropriately to the same object, depending upon who is speaking, as in (2). How can forms that are so abstract and variable over contexts be so specific and rigid in a given context? On what parameters do deictics and deictic systems in human languages vary, and how do they relate to grammar and semantics more generally?
Direct Perception of Speech
Carol A. Fowler
The theory of speech perception as direct derives from a general direct-realist account of perception. A realist stance on perception is that perceiving enables occupants of an ecological niche to know its component layouts, objects, animals, and events. "Direct" perception means that perceivers are in unmediated contact with their niche (mediated neither by internally generated representations of the environment nor by inferences made on the basis of fragmentary input to the perceptual systems). Direct perception is possible because energy arrays that have been causally structured by niche components and that are available to perceivers specify (i.e., stand in 1:1 relation to) components of the niche. Typically, perception is multi-modal; that is, perception of the environment depends on specifying information present in, or even spanning, multiple energy arrays.
Applied to speech perception, the theory begins with the observation that speech perception involves the same perceptual systems that, in a direct-realist theory, enable direct perception of the environment. Most notably, the auditory system supports speech perception, but also the visual system, and sometimes other perceptual systems. Perception of language forms (consonants, vowels, word forms) can be direct if the forms lawfully cause specifying patterning in the energy arrays available to perceivers. In Articulatory Phonology, the primitive language forms (constituting consonants and vowels) are linguistically significant gestures of the vocal tract, which cause patterning in air and on the face. Descriptions are provided of informational patterning in acoustic and other energy arrays. Evidence is next reviewed that speech perceivers make use of acoustic and cross modal information about the phonetic gestures constituting consonants and vowels to perceive the gestures.
Significant problems arise for the viability of a theory of direct perception of speech. One is the "inverse problem," the difficulty of recovering vocal tract shapes or actions from acoustic input. Two other problems arise because speakers coarticulate when they speak. That is, they temporally overlap production of serially nearby consonants and vowels so that there are no discrete segments in the acoustic signal corresponding to the discrete consonants and vowels that talkers intend to convey (the "segmentation problem"), and there is massive context-sensitivity in acoustic (and optical and other modalities) patterning (the "invariance problem"). The present article suggests solutions to these problems.
The article also reviews signatures of a direct mode of speech perception, including that perceivers use cross-modal speech information when it is available and exhibit various indications of perception-production linkages, such as rapid imitation and a disposition to converge in dialect with interlocutors.
An underdeveloped domain within the theory concerns the very important role of longer- and shorter-term learning in speech perception. Infants develop language-specific modes of attention to acoustic speech signals (and optical information for speech), and adult listeners attune to novel dialects or foreign accents. Moreover, listeners make use of lexical knowledge and statistical properties of the language in speech perception. Some progress has been made in incorporating infant learning into a theory of direct perception of speech, but much less progress has been made in the other areas.
Experimental Pragmatics
Florian Schwarz
While both pragmatic theory and experimental investigations of language using psycholinguistic methods have been well-established subfields in the language sciences for a long time, the field of Experimental Pragmatics, where such methods are applied to pragmatic phenomena, has only fully taken shape since the early 2000s. By now, however, it has become a major and lively area of ongoing research, with dedicated conferences, workshops, and collaborative grant projects, bringing together researchers with linguistic, psychological, and computational approaches across disciplines. Its scope includes virtually all meaning-related phenomena in natural language comprehension and production, with a particular focus on what inferences utterances give rise to that go beyond what is literally expressed by the linguistic material.
One general area that has been explored in great depth consists of investigations of various 'ingredients' of meaning. A major aim has been to develop experimental methodologies to help classify various aspects of meaning, such as implicatures and presuppositions as compared to basic truth-conditional meaning, and to capture their properties more thoroughly using more extensive empirical data. The study of scalar implicatures (e.g., the inference that some but not all students left based on the sentence Some students left) has served as a catalyst of sorts in this area, and they constitute one of the most well-studied phenomena in Experimental Pragmatics to date. But much recent work has expanded the general approach to other aspects of meaning, including presuppositions and conventional implicatures, but also other aspects of nonliteral meaning, such as irony, metonymy, and metaphors.
The study of reference constitutes another core area of research in Experimental Pragmatics, and has a more extensive history of precursors in psycholinguistics proper. Reference resolution commonly requires drawing inferences beyond what is conventionally conveyed by the linguistic material at issue as well; the key concern is how comprehenders grasp the referential intentions of a speaker based on the referential expressions used in a given context, as well as how the speaker chooses an appropriate expression in the first place. Pronouns, demonstratives, and definite descriptions are crucial expressions of interest, with special attention to their relation to both intra- and extralinguistic context. Furthermore, one key line of research is concerned with speakers' and listeners' capacity to keep track of both their own private perspective and the shared perspective of the interlocutors in actual interaction.
Given the rapid ongoing growth in the field, there is a large number of additional topical areas that cannot all be mentioned here, but the final section of the article briefly mentions further current and future areas of research.
Experimental Semiotics
Bruno Galantucci
Experimental Semiotics (ES) is a burgeoning new discipline aimed at investigating in the laboratory the development of novel forms of human communication. Conceptually connected to experimental research on language use, ES provides a scientific complement to field studies of spontaneously emerging new languages and studies on the emergence of communication systems among artificial agents.
ES researchers have created quite a few research paradigms to investigate the development of novel forms of human communication. Despite their diversity, these paradigms all rely on the use of semiotic games, that is, games in which people can succeed reliably only after they have developed novel communication systems. Some of these games involve creating novel signs for pre-specified meanings. These games are particularly suitable for studying relatively large communication systems and their structural properties. Other semiotic games involve establishing shared meanings as well as novel signs to communicate about them. These games are typically rather challenging and are particularly suitable for investigating the processes through which novel forms of communication are created.
Considering that ES is a methodological stance rather than a well-defined research theme, researchers have used it to address a greatly heterogeneous set of research questions. Despite this, and despite the recent origins of ES, two of these questions have begun to coalesce into relatively coherent research themes.
The first theme originates from the observation that novel communication systems developed in the laboratory tend to acquire features that are similar to key features of natural language. Most notably, they tend (a) to rely on the use of symbols—that is purely conventional signs—and (b) to adopt a combinatorial design, using a few basic units to express a large number of meanings. ES researchers have begun investigating some of the factors that lead to the acquisition of such features. These investigations suggest two conclusions. The first is that the emergence of symbols depends on the fact that, when repeatedly using non-symbolic signs, people tend to progressively abstract them. The second conclusion is that novel communication systems tend to adopt a combinatorial design more readily when their signs have low degrees of motivation and fade rapidly.
The second research theme originates from the observation that novel communication systems developed in the laboratory tend to begin systematically with motivated—that is non-symbolic—signs. ES investigations of this tendency suggest that it occurs because motivation helps people bootstrap novel forms of communication. Put it another way, these investigations show that it is very difficult for people to bootstrap communication through arbitrary signs.
Game Theory in Pragmatics: Evolution, Rationality, and Reasoning
Michael Franke
Game theory provides formal means of representing and explaining action choices in social decision situations where the choices of one participant depend on the choices of another. Game theoretic pragmatics approaches language production and interpretation as a game in this sense. Patterns in language use are explained as optimal, rational, or at least nearly optimal or rational solutions to a communication problem. Three intimately related perspectives on game theoretic pragmatics are sketched here: (i) the evolutionary perspective explains language use as the outcome of some optimization process, (ii) the rationalistic perspective pictures language use as a form of rational decision-making, and (iii) the probabilistic reasoning perspective considers specifically speakers' and listeners' beliefs about each other. There are clear commonalities behind these three perspectives, and they may in practice blend into each other.
At the heart of game theoretic pragmatics lies the idea that speaker and listener behavior, when it comes to using a language with a given semantic meaning, are attuned to each other. By focusing on the evolutionary or rationalistic perspective, we can then give a functional account of general patterns in our pragmatic language use. The probabilistic reasoning perspective invites modeling actual speaker and listener behavior, for example, as it shows in quantitative aspects of experimental data.
Humor in Language
Salvatore Attardo
Interest in the linguistics of humor is widespread and dates since classical times. Several theoretical models have been proposed to describe and explain the function of humor in language. The most widely adopted one, the semantic-script theory of humor, was presented by Victor Raskin, in 1985. Its expansion, to incorporate a broader gamut of information, is known as the General Theory of Verbal Humor. Other approaches are emerging, especially in cognitive and corpus linguistics. Within applied linguistics, the predominant approach is analysis of conversation and discourse, with a focus on the disparate functions of humor in conversation. Speakers may use humor pro-socially, to build in-group solidarity, or anti-socially, to exclude and denigrate the targets of the humor. Most of the research has focused on how humor is co-constructed and used among friends, and how speakers support it. Increasingly, corpus-supported research is beginning to reshape the field, introducing quantitative concerns, as well as multimodal data and analyses. Overall, the linguistics of humor is a dynamic and rapidly changing field.
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Most lesson plans follow that sequence. What sort of curriculum does the school follow?
English Teacher
Good evening I have been teaching for the past two years but I woul like to learn a better way to plan my class, i will provably be working in a new school and they require for me to have a lesson plan in this way. I would like to learn to prepare a lesson plan that would include.
- Introduction
- Activity
- conclution
Can you help me?
Most lesson plans follow that sequence. What sort of curriculum does the school follow?
I think it helps if you think of the aims of the lesson - that should be clear to you and the students
Some people write the aim on the board at the beginning of the lesson.
1. introduce the target language (vocab, grammar point, etc) - this could be in the context of an article to read, a piece of audio or video, or you could just write sentences etc on the board
2. your students practice using the target language - usually this follows an order of guided practice (e.g. completing gapfills, arranging cards and so on) then free practice (the students have more creative input - e.g. writing their own sentences, or dialogue, or moving around the room speaking and using the TL
3. The conclusion should show both you and the students that everyone has got it (or not, in which case you know who needs extra help)
That's all a bit vague I know but I hope it helps. If you like you can PM me if you have specific questions/problems and I will try to help.


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Doc Watson, Legendary Bluegrass Guitarist, Dead at 89
The music world lost yet another icon on Tuesday (May 29). Legendary folk, bluegrass, blues and jazz guitarist Doc Watson passed away at 89-years-old after being hospitalized following a fall which required emergency surgery. Watson took his final breath at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem, N.C., where he was in critical condition for several days in the wake of his abdominal surgery.
The multi-Grammy Award-winning singer and guitarist's legacy will be remembered across several genres of music. Born Arthel Lane Watson in 1923, 'Doc' was credited with pioneering an influential style of finger picking and was an icon to the many who looked up to him, including artists like Ricky Skaggs, Sam Bush and Pete Huttlinger.
"An old ancient warrior has gone home," Skaggs said Tuesday evening. "He prepared all of us to carry this on. He knew he wouldn't last forever, he did his best to carry the old mountain sounds to this generation."
Throughout his career, Watson won eight Grammys, as well as a lifetime achievement trophy in 2004. He was even presented with the National Medal of Arts award from President Bill Clinton in 1997.
Watson is survived by his daughter, Nancy. Our deepest condolences go out to Watson's friends, family and musical peers. A true legend was lost in the world of music.


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Especially when it's made out of W.O.O.L.
When the Bartlett folk named names, they were not kidding ;p
But I, being a geek and scientific knitter decided to take it to the test.
What do you think?
I think it's a natural color so rich I want to eat/knit it right up!
I am actually a little further along with this version of the Beryl sweater than in this picture, after two mad bus sessions commuting yesterday. It's cold enough here that my busmates are excited by my projects again instead of hitting me with those pitying sidelong glances for holding something so weird (a wool sock).
This yarn is so right off the ranch that I keep thinking I'm going to faint from the marvelous sweet sheepie fumes. I wonder if the bussies notice this too or if they think it's just my personal parfum? Hmm.
Underarm bind offs, here I come…………………


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Posted by: michellemuldoon on July 1, 2016
Welcome to my blog and website.
Since I started this site I've gone from screening and winning awards at film festivals to working with them. I created and run both the international screenwriting competition for Vancouver Int'l Women in Film Festival, and the alumni writers event and community for the Action on Film Int'l Film Festival.
I also teach workshops, most recently for Raindance Vancouver, and am available for script coverage.
I love to write for film and I love to write about making it. Hope you enjoy my musings.
Thanks again for visiting!
Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com.


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Happy Days, Albuquerque!
Election Day is Oct.4
As the saying goes, there's wisdom in crowds. We trust then that you, Albuquerque voters, have good sense, want to be well-informed and will attend a neighborhood mayoral forum or City Council debate. Seeing and hearing these candidates in person is always revealing in ways that reading descriptions of them in a newspaper cannot be. But if such a task is too much of a strain on your busy schedule, we'll do our best to assist in the only way we know how. We'll call it like we see it, and you can take or leave our advice.
Alibi Election Endorsements
A handy clip-out guide to bring to the polls on Tuesday, Oct. 4
Mayor: Eric Griego
City Council Races
District 1: Miguel Gómez
District 3: Isaac Benton
District 5: Michael Cadigan
District 7: Marianne Dickinson
District 9: Chris Catechis
Ballot Initiatives
Public Campaign Financing: Yes
Living Wage Ordinance: Yes
Voter ID: No
A Living Wage
We support the ballot initiative to raise the minimum wage in Albuquerque.
As you know, we're not economists. But, to be sure, we don't want to see any local businesses harmed. In fact, the Alibi is a local business and part of our business is to support other local businesses through effective, widespread advertising. When we say we care about the local economy, it's because our livelihood depends on it.
We realize this is a controversial decision and some folks in the restaurant, retail and service industries are fearful of its ill-effects. But since other cities such as San Francisco, Madison and Santa Fe have already led the way, we suggest folks consider the outcome in these parts and put their fears aside.
Voter ID
Let's not mince words here. The Voter ID proposal that will be on the ballot on Oct. 4 is a straight-up political sham. This isn't to say that requiring voters to show an ID when they go to the polls is a bad thing. It isn't. But as it stands, the current proposal leaves much to be desired.
Eric Griego
The Alibi enthusiastically endorses City Councilor Eric Griego to be our next mayor. We believe his four years on the Council have given him the experience to make Albuquerque a safer, more efficient and economically vibrant city. We believe his vision, candor and enthusiasm will serve the city well in its pursuit of a diversified economy, better planning and honest government.
District 1
Miguel Gómez
One of the most unfortunate aspects of modern American politics is that it often takes a bloody political brawl to get voters to pay attention to an election. For better or worse, the battle for District 1 has shaped up as a vocal fight between two vehement political rivals with diametrically opposed visions for the future of both their district and our city.
Campaign Financing
In recent decades, fundraising in federal, state and municipal elections has ballooned to absurd proportions. Consequently, there's an increased and very real danger that wealthy donors and organizations will exert an unfair influence on the candidates they've showered with money. This is bad for our democracy, and it's bad for the future of our city.
District 3
Isaac Benton
District 3 is comprised of a diverse cross section of neighborhoods stretching from UNM, throughout Downtown and across to the Westside. It's the literal heart of the city, an anchor for the tourist and entertainment industries, centralizing the city's so-called "string of pearls," made up of cultural amenities like the KiMo Theater, BioPark, Explora, Old Town, Natural History Museum and the rapidly transforming EDO corridor. Intertwined with these areas are some of the city's most established, historic neighborhoods like Huning Highlands, South Broadway, East San Jose and Barelas.
District 5
Michael Cadigan
District 5 can fairly be described as the northwest quadrant of Albuquerque. The area, unfortunately, is a testament to the American dream gone fatally wrong in the form of sprawl, inept urban planning and transportation gridlock.
District 7
Marianne Dickinson
Marianne Dickinson is hands-down the best candidate running for District 7 and might be the best candidate running for any office in this year's municipal election. She's intelligent, savvy and comes with a wealth of experience in community development rooted in Albuquerque for more than 20 years.
District 9
Chris Catechis
The bad news for District 9 is that incumbent City Councilor Tina Cummins is seeking re-election. The good news is you get to vote for someone else. The even better news is you can have a candidate genuinely informed on the issues and passionate about the area—two requisites sorely lacking in Cummins. Your choices are between Vivian Cordova, Don Harris and Chris Catechis, three candidates who cited Tina Cummins' lack of responsiveness to the district's needs as reasons for running.


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Lashkar Gah is typical of the conservative, war-battered towns of southern Afghanistan: few women on the streets, the constant drone of helicopters overhead, concrete blast barriers everywhere.
Yet here in the provincial capital of Helmand Province, where NATO forces just waged its biggest offensives against the Taliban in nine years, one structure near the town's center stands as a testament to more normal times. Locals are reopening the Lashkar Gah Cinema Hall, the only movie theater in all of southern Afghanistan. For years it sat damaged by numerous wars and shuttered by Islamic extremism. Its resurrection is hoped to bring a rebirth of artistic expression in this restive corner of the country.
"In a place like Helmand, which is only known for fighting, we need these sorts of things," says Nasima Niazi, a provincial lawmaker. "It gives a little hope to Helmandi people that there's more to life than just war."
Movies had been banned by the mujahedeen, hard-line Islamic guerrillas who fought the Soviets throughout the 1980s, and by the Taliban who took over afterward.
Both groups saw films as indecent, especially when they portrayed women on screen – a major offense to their conservative mores.
Even after the Taliban's fall in 2001, film has been slow to revive. Deep-seated conservatism continues to pervade much of the south, and many of the former mujahedeen have returned to power.
Packed audiences
The theater's main hall nowadays is piled with dust-caked, mangled chairs, and homeless men have made the corridors their home. But the Helmand government is renovating the theater and converting part of it into a cultural center that will house plays and musical performances. The British Provincial Reconstruction Team, a section of the military forces here that help with development, provided much of the funding. The theater is set to reopen next month.
As residents here tell it, the cinema's past is a window into Afghanistan's tumultuous history. The hall opened in the 1960s, the last era of peace, and became an instant success. People traveled for miles to watch Indian, Iranian, and occasionally American films. A big hit was Layla Majnun, an Indian take on a classic Arab love story.
"We couldn't even understand the language, but we saw it many times," says Sana Gul, a Lashkar Gah resident.
One of the most popular actors was Bruce Lee, whose martial arts antics captivated audiences. A ticket cost less than 10 cents, and every Friday the hall was packed to standing room only.
Suspicions linger
But years of war brought challenges. During the Russian presence, films would be ferried here by air because the ground route was often too dangerous. After the fall of the Soviet-backed government in 1992, the mujahedeen's arrival to power heralded a new era of destruction and conservatism. They turned their guns on one another in a scramble for power, unleashing a devastating civil war that killed thousands. They also closed theaters throughout the country, deeming them "un-Islamic."
"It was a time of chaos," recalls resident Ghulam Farouq. "We were afraid to say openly that we enjoyed cinema. There was no government, just warlords and looters."
When the Taliban arrived in 1994, they ousted the hated mujahedeen from power, but extended their conservative doctrines. In addition to cinema, music and other arts were banned. They converted the cinema house to a station for Radio Sharia (which means "Islamic law"), the government's main news outlet.
The effects of the era linger: Some residents today doubt if showing films is necessary or even appropriate. For now, the Helmand government plans to use the center mainly for poetry readings and performances, with only the occasional film.
Still, some hope the reopening can encourage an artistic revival in Helmand. Indeed, the first movie made by Helmandis debuted last month.
"We want Helmand to have something positive to offer the world," says Ms. Niazi, the lawmaker, "and this is our first attempt."


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Judge Rules Police Can Stuff Entire Email Accounts Into Evidence Lockers
Jul 21, 2014 4:35 PM PT
Concerns about overly broad searches of digital data by law enforcement once again have emerged after a federal judge on Friday issued an opinion stating officials armed with a warrant can seize and hold a suspect's entire email account.
Such an action would not violate the suspect's rights under the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution, said U.S. Magistrate Judge Gabriel Gorenstein in support of a warrant he issued earlier this month.
The opinion is published in the New York Law Journal.
"One of our particular concerns with his opinion, and similar ones, is that it can end up letting police hold on to the entire content of a subject's email account long after they've found what they were looking for -- and in theory, they could go back and search that information again," Nate Wessler, a staff attorney at the American Civil Liberties Union, told TechNewsWorld.
At the Heart of the Matter
That goes against two earlier rulings, both of which invoked a citizen's Fourth Amendment rights.
One occurred in April, when the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia for the second time denied the U.S. government's application for a warrant to search and seize a government defense contractor's Apple email account.
The other took place in August 2013, when the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas denied five applications and affidavits for search warrants aiming to compel ISPs to turn over users' account data and emails.
Judge Gorenstein reportedly said the D.C. court construes the Fourth Amendment's particular requirement too narrowly and is contrary to copious precedent.
Courts have recognized that a search for documents or files responsive to a warrant cannot be accomplished during an on-site search in the case of electronic evidence, so they have developed a more flexible approach and "routinely" allow the seizure of entire hard drives, Judge Gorenstein said.
That's why the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure were amended in 2009 to allow a warrant that authorizes a later review of the media or information, he explained. However, the time for executing the warrant refers to the seizure or on-site copying of the media or information, and not to any later off-site copying or review.
"The warrant this magistrate issued is too broad," Yasha Heidari of the Heidari Power Law Group, told TechNewsWorld. "It's a fishing expedition."
Reactions to the Ruling
"There clearly need to be limits on the scope of digital searches, whether the government is seizing a hard drive or an account with a third party," Jim Dempsey, senior counsel at the Center for Democracy & Technology, told TechNewsWorld.
Those limits have not been definitively determined, "but giving the government access to everything digital is no longer an acceptable approach, even with a warrant," he maintained.
That argument is borne out by recent news that the NSA scooped up far more data on innocent people than on targets, and reports Facebook is fighting the New York County district attorney's office, which vacuumed up 381 subscribers' Facebook data. Only 62 of those people were charged, but the office is hanging on to the data.
The person whose data is being sought is the target of a money laundering investigation, but "abusing the law and violating civil liberties with the hopes of catching a few criminals should never be viewed as a viable option," Heidari said.
The best way to avoid falling victim to sweeping warrants like the one issued by Judge Gorenstein is "to always assume that every single text message or email you send will be read by [everyone]," Heidari said. Not sending texts or emails is the only sure means of avoidance.


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So, the term "chemist"? When did we first start using it? And does the label artificially separate scientists from the rest of us? After all, don't all of us daily practice chemistry? In countless moments, like the one in which we light the CH4-rich gas on our stoves and put on a pan of H2O to boil.
I've been mulling over the disconnect – our chemical lives, our lack of awareness of them – since the World Chemistry Congress in San Juan, Puerto Rico earlier this month. While there, I was part of a symposium on chemistry and culture and that lost connection – between life and science – visibly troubled the scientists also in the program.
"Chemistry is not only at the school or the laboratory," said Liliana Mammino, a chemistry professor at South Africa's University of Vanda. "It's around us everywhere. If we can't relate the information at school to everyday life, there's a danger that the people we think are learning don't really understand at all."
The precise origin of the word "chemistry" arose from a tangle of ancient civilizations, from Egyptian to Greek to Arabic, an idea that evolved into the word "alchemia" and then became "chemia" in the 16th century. By the late 1500s, the idea of a specialized science of chemistry was just starting to flicker in English texts.
But Mammino pointed out that people had been making use of chemistry long before even the spark of a word arose. Our ancestors built fires, cooked food, used dyes and paints, made pottery, smelted metals – every one of those activities making use of chemical reactions. "Our everyday chemists never rejected any material," she said. "Dung and urine were used to bind dyes in ancient Egypt."
Chemistry Nobel-Laureate Roald Hoffmann, another speaker at the symposium, referred to such practices as "protochemistry". Like Mammino, he cited the use of urine in fixing dyes, notably the indigo blues beloved by the Roman civilization. Most of those gorgeous hues came from Mediterranean molluscs and from the fluffy looking woad plant. They tended to fade out of cloth after about three washes, Hoffmann noted, until the dye craftsman adopted the use of urine as a fixing agent.
Long before the word "chemistry" arrived, Hoffmann continued, the Incas of Peru were using a sophisticated mixture of salts in order to gold-plate some of their jewelry and statues. African tribes were smelting copper, had learned that the metal reliably dripped out of malachite ore when the smoke turned greenish. And the Romans had begun smelting iron lead ore on a major scale, making the pipes that fed their waterworks.
"Ice cores in Greenland show evidence of lead from Greek and Roman smelting," Hoffmann said. "Pollution is nothing new. We've just found more efficient ways today of fouling our own nests." But both he and Mammino proposed that our protochemical history is also a fascinating way to remind people today that they too are everyday chemists. "It's important that chemistry is not perceived as coming from somewhere else," Mammino said. "It's not something alien."
And that really, as symposium organizer Bassam Shakashiri said was the primary message. That chemistry isn't purely academic, something separate, something unknown to those of us who don't work under that label.
And that professional chemists should take pleasure in sharing that message. "We now live in the most advanced scientific society in the history of humankind," he said. "But the science-rich and science-poor sectors gap is widening at a very big rate with poor consequences for the rest of society.
Shakashiri, a professor of chemistry at the University of Wisconsin, is also president-elect of the American Chemical Society. And a profound believer in sharing science with the public. "Science literacy is something we should all be concerned about. Science literacy is an attitude. We are responsible for the communication of our values and our virtues."
And we, the everyday chemists out there, the descendents of those protochemists, we should remember our side of this bargain as well. And as our H2O boils, as we watch a classic phase change of liquid to vapor, water to steam, we should remember that we're actually naturals at this particular job.


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DENVER -- LaTroy Hawkins and Zach McClellan of the Colorado Rockies teamed up today with high school students from the Denver Action Team youth volunteer corps to highlight the plight of the homeless in Denver. The baseball players joined local high school students who are members of the Denver Action Team to paint rooms at Volunteers of Americas Family Motel for the homeless and encouraged Denver youth to get involved in their community by volunteering. Volunteers of Americas Family Motel houses more than 100 homeless individuals, including children, and is one of many Volunteers of America programs that address the more than 4,000 men, women and children who are homeless in the metro Denver area on any given night.
"It was quite an honor to work along side members of the Denver Action Team," said Hawkins. "The Denver Action Team Captains are doing a tremendous job of raising the awareness of important causes affecting the area's needy and inspiring their peers to get actively involved by helping our neighbors in need. Major Leaguers are very proud of the work Action Team Captains from across the country are doing to help inspire and train the next generation of volunteers."
Administered by Volunteers of America and the Major League Baseball Players Trust, the Action Team program was created to encourage young people throughout the United States to volunteer in their communities. Action Teams, consisting of Major League baseball players and area high school student Team Captains, are working together in Denver, Boston, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Detroit, Minneapolis, New York City, Oakland, Philadelphia, Portland (Maine), San Francisco and Seattle. Volunteers of America and the Major League Baseball Players Trust are planning to expand the Action Team program to Cincinnati, Houston, Indianapolis and Mobile during the 2007-08 school year. To date, Action Teams across the country have inspired more than 9,000 high school students to help more than 38,000 people in need by volunteering in their communities.
An Action Team-related, school-based curriculum developed in partnership with The Wall Street Journal Classroom Edition carries the message of volunteerism and teaches valuable community service skills to 700,000 high school students in more than 5,000 classrooms across the United States.
The Major League Baseball Players Trust partnered with Volunteers of America in 2002 to promote the nurturing and well-being of Americas children and their families. The partnership features the personal involvement of Major League baseball players and their families with a variety of programs conducted by Volunteers of America throughout the United States. Also, together they administer the Action Team, a national youth volunteer initiative currently inspiring the next generation of volunteers in Boston, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Denver, Detroit, Minneapolis, New York City, Oakland, Philadelphia, Portland (ME), San Francisco and Seattle. For more information about the Major League Baseball Players Trust, visit http://www.MLBPLAYERS.com.
Volunteers of America is a national, nonprofit, faith-based organization dedicated to helping those in need rebuild their lives and reach their full potential. Through thousands of human service programs, including housing and healthcare, Volunteers of America helps nearly 2 million people in over 400 communities. Since 1896, our ministry of service has supported and empowered America's most vulnerable groups, including at-risk youth, the frail elderly, men and women returning from prison, homeless individuals and families, people with disabilities, and those recovering from addictions. Our work touches the mind, body, heart-and ultimately the spirit-of those we serve, integrating our deep compassion with highly effective programs and services. For more information about Volunteers of America, visit www.VolunteersofAmerica.org.


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CREATIVE Tidbits : Deciphering Ideas
Creative expression is everywhere ... we roll into this year's Typography fest with lots of great ideas. Follow along with this edition of Creative Tidbits:
* Attend or organize an in-person Portfolio Review with the Behance community.
* Deciphering the Pharmacist's Prescription for Lip-Reading Puppets
* Edwin Tofslie's Apple Evolution Poster 2011
* Hop on the Designbuss with Erik Olovsson
* Wine and graphic design a perfect pairing
* Funding available for design, printing
* Behance Portfolio Reviews' photostream
* How is your IDEA PERCEPTION?
... and more ! September 1, 2012


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SAN DIEGO, May 12, 2014 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Conatus Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Nasdaq:CNAT), a biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of novel medicines to treat liver disease, today announced the initiation of a Phase 2b clinical trial of its lead drug candidate, emricasan, in post-orthotopic liver transplant (POLT) recipients with reestablished liver fibrosis post-transplant as a result of recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who have successfully achieved a sustained viral response (SVR) following HCV antiviral therapy (POLT-HCV-SVR).
The placebo-controlled, double-blind (open to sponsor) trial is designed to enroll approximately 60 patients at approximately 15 planned U.S. clinical sites. Enrollment is expected to take approximately 12 months. Patients will be randomized 2:1 to receive either 25 mg of emricasan or placebo orally twice daily for 24 months and will then be followed for another month post-treatment. The primary endpoint in this exploratory proof-of-concept trial is the change in the Ishak Fibrosis Score compared with placebo. The trial will also evaluate histological markers of inflammation, key serum biomarkers, and the safety and tolerability of emricasan in the target patient population. The sponsor-open design may allow for interim data analyses and periodic disclosures on trial progress.
"The recent introduction of highly successful antiviral treatments has provided new hope for patients infected with HCV," said Conatus President and Chief Executive Officer, Steven J. Mento, Ph.D., "but clearance of the virus does not eliminate the damage already established in the liver. We believe emricasan may have the potential to accelerate the liver healing process, and this trial is designed to evaluate emricasan's potential impact on fibrosis. Proof of concept in this patient population could support expansion into additional liver fibrosis indications resulting from viral infections, obesity, chronic excessive alcohol use or autoimmune diseases."
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Orphan Drug Designation to emricasan in late 2013 for the treatment of liver transplant recipients with reestablished fibrosis to delay the progression to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease.
About POLT-HCV-SVR
Patients with HCV who receive liver transplants as a result of HCV infection are at risk of residual HCV still being present in the patient's blood, which can immediately infect the new liver. Many of these patients will experience accelerated development of fibrosis and progression to cirrhosis of the transplanted liver due to the recurrence of HCV. Even after successful treatment with drugs designed to clear the HCV infection, fibrotic changes in the liver may persist for many years. Only about 30% of non-transplant HCV patients with fibrosis and SVR show histological signs of fibrosis improvement two years after virus clearance. The HCV landscape is expected to continue to evolve dramatically over the next five to ten years with the introduction of interferon-free regimens with greater efficacy and tolerability over the current antiviral therapies.
About Emricasan Clinical Development
Conatus is developing emricasan for the treatment of patients with chronic liver disease and acute exacerbations of chronic liver disease, including acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), chronic liver failure (CLF), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including the subset of NAFLD patients with inflammatory and/or fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as well as POLT-HCV-SVR. To date, emricasan has been studied in over 500 subjects in ten clinical trials. In a completed Phase 2b clinical trial, emricasan consistently demonstrated clinically meaningful, statistically significant, rapid and sustained reductions in elevated levels of two key biomarkers of inflammation and cell death that are implicated in the severity and progression of liver disease. Importantly, these key biomarkers are known to be elevated and to have prognostic value in multiple hepatic indications that Conatus is currently pursuing. Conatus is also supporting a pilot clinical study funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.
About Conatus Pharmaceuticals
Conatus is a biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of novel medicines to treat liver disease. Conatus is developing its lead compound, emricasan, for the treatment of patients with chronic liver disease and acute exacerbations of chronic liver disease. Emricasan is a first-in-class, orally active caspase protease inhibitor designed to reduce the activity of enzymes that mediate inflammation and cell death, or apoptosis. Conatus believes that by reducing the activity of these enzymes, emricasan has the potential to interrupt the disease progression across the spectrum of liver disease. For additional information, please visit www.conatuspharma.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this press release, including statements regarding the expected number of patients, trial sites and enrollment period for the trial, potential interim data analyses and periodic disclosures on trial progress, emricasan's potential to accelerate the liver healing process, potential expansion of emricasan into additional liver fibrosis indications, and emricasan's potential to interrupt the progression of liver disease are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "may," "will," "should," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "could," "intend," "target," "project," "contemplates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including: the potential for competing products to limit the clinical trial enrollment in the Phase 2b clinical trial, Conatus' ability to successfully enroll patients in and complete the Phase 2b clinical trial; Conatus' reliance on third parties to conduct its clinical trials, including the enrollment of patients, and manufacture its clinical drug supplies of emricasan; potential adverse side effects or other safety risks associated with emricasan that could delay or preclude its approval; results of future clinical trials of emricasan; Conatus' ability to obtain additional financing in order to complete the development and commercialization of emricasan; and those risks described in Conatus' prior press releases and in the periodic reports it files with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The events and circumstances reflected in Conatus' forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, Conatus does not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.
CONTACT: INVESTORS Alan Engbring, Conatus Pharmaceuticals (858) 457-7237, email@example.com MEDIA Mariesa Kemble, Sam Brown Inc. (608) 850-4745, firstname.lastname@example.com:Conatus Pharmaceuticals


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Nothing quite adds to the celebration like a hearty drink. Now you can drink in style with these charming Personalized nfl mugs. Every glass mug comes a sturdy base and an easy to grasp handle. Take advantage of the opportunity to personalize it on one side with your choice of NFL team logos and the other side with with a name or short message. It's a fantastic gift for simple and formal occasions alike such as birthdays, a boss you appreciate, and all football fans.
Click here to see the engraving example
Features and Facts:
Processing TimesThis item is shipping out of our Minnesota warehouse. Processing time generally takes 2-3 business days. For countries other than the United States and Canada, up to 6 additional business days are required to process your orders. Please visit our International Orders page for more information.
Transit TimesTransit times generally take 1-6 business days when shipping to the United States or Canada. To view the transit time map click here. We have 3 options for international orders, Priority mail (3-4 weeks transit time), Express Mail (1-2 weeks transit time), and DHL Global Express (4-5 business days). If you are unsure if your items will arrive by your event date or you have any questions regarding transit times, please feel free to contact us by phone, email or live chat.
Please include the your event date or the latest day you are able to receive your order by in the additional information box located on the billing information page.


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Custom graphic design t shirtspekerjaan
Body shop logo Sillohette of car . Company name: Stepp brothers body shop, Anchorage, Alaska In business since 1959 Would like a big design to fit on front of shirts
Lucille is custom t shirt on line store soon will go live that is all about guitars & music ,we strive to create unique designs that will dress guitarists all over the world . We are Looking for ilustrator & photoshop designer to design custom t shirts associated with guitars and guitar accessories with proven experience with similar projects& ...
I need some help with selling something.
Use T-shirt Mockup for presentation! We would like the school name in the front Ribet and Class of 2019; as well as all the students names in the back of the shirt... we would like it to be fun but classy. You can look for the school to inspire your designs. Will be used in men, women and children. PREFERENCE OF COLOR: Green and Black I
we want to create a brand inspired in horses and polo sport, it´s t-shirt that you can use in every moment and every day
I'm looking for a designer, who designs T.Shirts. Desings can made easily, only font warp font, lines and so on Can be made very quickly in a few seconds Price 10 dollars for 5 desings.
I am looking to create 3-4 t-shirt designs that look more realistic than cartoonish, and all of the designs will reflect messages against bullying, depression, and suicide. A portion of our sales will go to local nonprofits that are fighting against these same issues.
I need some graphic design. One shirt saying "Slay'n My Locs" the other shirts saying "Slay'n My Natural Hair".
Need art for a 2-sided 6x9 hand-out that we can give customers that t...hand-out that we can give customers that tells them who we are and what we do and how to contact us, would want to include pictures of examples of some of our work. We are a custom t-shirt printing co. who also does embroidery. See attached for ideas that we liked from other co's.
Hi, I have an online t shirt store and I need someone with knowledge in designing to do the job for me I have the ideas but not the designing experience the T shirts will include Text (which i will provide) + Graph , the designer has to provide the right photos I need 5 designs
Hello I'm looking somebody that sells their own artwork to print on shirts, vector files made in Adobe Illustrator [preferably], Season is almost over, so I'm looking for good price and of course not looking for any Freepik, Shutterstock or any files downloaded from any website, Looking for a real Illustrator whom I can work with in a long time run
I'm tryna start my own t-shirt business and would love some help with designs, I would send you heaps of picture and similar designs I am interested in wish are pretty simple in my opinion, it's mainly based on my culture and would have a foreign language, but all will be explained. I would love an artist that can draw animals, people or landscapes
I'm looking for designer who creats T-shirts Design in different variations . After I give them ideas and samples, you create with good looking design and fonts ceations must be unique, no copy past. Must have good skills in graphic design , be creative
I am starting a t-shirt company, the t-shirts will be made by me and what will be required is some designs to put on the tshirts. I have photos of the designs i want to do but, i want you to be able to copy this design and put it in a format to allow me to print it out and heat press it onto t-shirts. I need a high quality finish. Someone that knows
Looking for a content writing personnel who loves describing products in a creative SEO manner. I have 350 shirts to write for, i will be having over 1000+ products in the next project. Serious bidder please write "SHIRTS BID" along with your bid for 350 name and description.
We are looking for good and expert designers for making T-Shirt designs. On like basis , project may continuously own by the designer in future events.
Hi I need a logo to be used on predominately black clothing. It needs t obe some form of pirate skull, it need to have red in it and the words " Village of Blackhead " somewhere. Thanks
Unique High Quality Designs for T-shirts
...we are in need of 10 t-shirt designs in the next 7 days. We will pay you on a per design basis. You will receive $5 per design. We will send you an idea in writing and you will create the design from our description. In other cases, we will send you ideas of t-shirts to design and you will use your own creative skills to design what we as...
we would start with Men's Casual Wear like Denim, Shirts, and T- Shirts as the potential for this category
I am starting a t-shirt company. I am now looking for a designer to produce my ideas into designs that can be used for t-shirt manufacturing
We're a start up on line for t shirts. We need a graphic designer to make our designs and supply files to send to our printer in PDFs and for mock ups.
good fabric very comfortable size beayty ful colour ....
I would like a t shirts design for athletic T-shirts
I have some graphic designs ideas to be printed on T-shirts (serigraphy-flat colors). I need to improve these 3 designs that I made on PowerPoint to make them look professional. I need the designs as PDF files or PNG.
Front of shirt Add logo to T-shirts and Singlets Replace logo tags Back of shirt Crop out model from photos add logo to back change the colour of the shirts to match the front.
Develop T-shirts with the company logo art work
Develop T-shirts with the company logo art work
Sila Dafter atau Log masuk untuk melihat butiran.
...obstacle course. We want to create team shirts and want a team logo for the front with the words "Mean Green" and a catchphrase on the back. The catchphrase is "Pain is weakness leaving the body" The catchphrase should be in a portrait format which can be printed onto A4 transfer paper for us to iron on to the shirts. The front logo does not need to be
I am an entrepreneur and running a company with the name of THE FAST TRADERS. I do trading of men & women plain t-shirts. I am looking for freelancers, who can sell t-shirts in a bulk quantity to any corner of the world on done basis and it is on commission basis. I have attached some pictures of the samples. Sizes: S/M/L/XL Color: 15 Pakistan
...some killer new designs every month for our brand! Our customer base are entrepreneurs and business owners. We are currently looking to find a reliable graphic designer who has experience creating t-shirt, poste,r and canvas designs. This freelance gig could turn into something recurring if you are the right fit. Please do some research on our website
Start with shirts then after I set a in place we're sell clothes
Hi, I am looking for someone to design a business logo and a shirt logo print. The shirt logo will sit on the left breast area of the shirt. I am also looking for the same image to be on the back of the shirt but obviously much larger. The design should have a cartoon feel to it, Asterix the comic for reference and the type of cartoon i am looking
I need 10 good Indian party wear shirts designed according to my needs
Clean up design. Replace CHS with INDIANS. Separate the colors to separate files. Must be 300 dpi or higher. Files must print black with no background. Files need to be .jpeg and .ai or .pdf Design needs to be approximately 11.5 inches tall This is to print spot color (not process color) on black. I need the pink color as one file and the
Please typeset a T shirt front and back; We have a logo for the front which has to be revised a bit, and typeset text on the back
I am looking for a halloween design. I present 3 example designs. There is the possibility that I award several designs. good luck
Hi everyone, We are about to start a new business. We are cartographers and We would like to sell Iphone cases, T-shirts, mugs and other objects with the most beautiful maps We produce. We start this context to find the best name for this startup. The domain .com and .it for this name must be available. You are asked to provide also some logos
Hey, i'm looking for a Great designer who can work to design t-shirts. designer can work with me monthly. 3-5 Design per day.
Need to have different designs to print on T-shirts for kids, men and women. the design should be within certain specifications and once all are done they should be secured so no one else can get them (copyrighted)
I need a 3D model of something.I want someone to create T-Shirt Designs for my Business.
-Want it to be 1980s-90 skiing/snowboard/ mountain related -1-4 colors bright neon/pastel colors -name is "Stoneonta"
Custom button up shirts . Illustrations done of shirts with the designs I give . I will tell you what I need in the illustrations . Sketches . I will pay per design . I AM NOT LOOKING FOR LOGO DESIGNERS OR T SHIRT DESIGNERS.
. Custom shirts . Illustrations done of shirts . I will tell you what I need in the illustrations . Sketches . I will pay per design
looking for someone creative to make a few of my employees some T-Shirts and Hooded Sweatshirts ......with our company name and some type of design/logo....we dont have an offical logo yet for our company but we do like to incorporate the American Flag into our design. I did this project once before about 2 years ago and we were somewhat happy with
Tech pack for men's medium cotton crew neck tee sample. I have logo and art work to be used. Must be able to produce NZ men's sizing for production in overseas factory
Design of a logo of the two dogs in the comic style. This should be vector based so that it can be printed. The number of colors is not so critical. If they are surrounded by a graphic element (circle or similar) could work well. Like a comic book brand. The names are Sid (lighter) and Paul (black). So "Sid & Paul" could be there as text
I need a logo designed. Smart Ass Toys is company name. Use a donkey in it. The city and state that needs to be on it is Glen Rose, TX
I need some graphic desiger.i want tshirts designs


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Wrestling with Emotions
Scottie Wrestling Room Now A Storage Room; It's Not Going Over Well
Anger and frustration were in the air as members of the Glasgow wrestling community voiced their concerns over the temporary reduction in size of the high school wrestling room.
The reduction, due to lack of storage as Glasgow High School continues its construction process, caught many parents, wrestlers and supporters off guard as they showed up in full force and packed the room at last Wednesday's school board meeting to make sure their concerns were heard.
"There was a wall constructed in the center of the wrestling room that may have brought everybody here, but I don't think that's the problem," said Sarah Partridge, who was the first to speak at the meeting in support of the wrestling team.
The wrestling supporter's main concern was the lack of communication between the school board and supporters. While speaking to the school board, Partridge, a past board candidate, explained that the problem could have been avoided.
"If all you needed was a temporary storage solution, we could've moved the mats out and found a different place to train between now and next season," Partridge said.
Partridge pointed out if that avenue was approached, the school board wouldn't have had to use any money to put up a temporary wall in the storage room because the whole room would've been available for storage.
The timing of the decision to put up the temporary wall came at a time when the junior high and high school wrestlers were in the process of preparation for national competition.
Another concern of the decision to use the wrestling room as temporary storage is the state of the room itself with sawhorses, tools and saw dust all over the mat. Over time, the integrity of the mat can deteriorate more quickly if not properly taken care of daily.
Some Glasgow High School wrestlers stood up to share their thoughts on the situation when they first saw their wrestling room dwindle in size.
"When I saw the wall [in the middle of our wrestling room], it didn't feel right," said sophomore wrestler Cody King. "We look up to (four-time state champion) Luke Zeiger and now that his signature (on a wall) is in the storage room and we can't see it, it doesn't make us feel good at all."
King's sentiments were shared by freshman wrestler Kasey Seyfert.
"I don't think it's right because we already have one of the smallest wrestling rooms in the state and we're one of the most successful programs," said Seyfert. "We're not even allowed to walk on the mats with street shoes on because we'll tear the mat up, so saws and saw dust can't be too great for it."
Other members of the wrestling team were there to speak, but the raw emotion of the situation saw the wrestlers fighting back tears and choking up as they searched for the right words to express their frustration with the situation.
"When our whole wrestling team went down to the room after the banquet and saw the room, it tore everyone apart," said King. "The room is downsized and there's no room for warmups or wrestling."
Lost in the mix of all of confusion and miscommunication of this issue is that Glasgow is now also without a head wrestling coach as the school board later that evening accepted the resignation of head coach Trevor Newman.
Newman said that the wrestling room situation is disappointing because he feels it's driving a wedge between the school and the wrestling community.
"While I support the overarching goals of the school district and administration, there is a great deal of pride and tradition in the wrestling room. I feel a lot of members in the wrestling community saw this as a knock to that pride," Newman said.
In a statement released by the Glasgow School District, Superintendent Bob Connors said that the use of the wrestling room a temporary storage is necessary due to the fact that the district will lose climate-controlled storage space on the gym floor level during the upcoming high school renovation. Connors said the decision was made to utilize half of the wrestling room for storage based on the information he had at the time.
The construction at the high school began in August, but what worried Partridge and others in the community was their inability to check the progress of the construction online at the school district building project website. The site just shows that the project is underway, but no progress status of the project.
Also in the statement released by Connors, he listed a detailed timeline of what has been done so far at the high school since construction began last August.
The timeline only runs up to this Thursday, when it is planned to move excess concession items such as fridges, and freezers among other things to the stage area for storage until an ultimate decision can be made about the concessions.
For the months of April and beyond, the statement said construction will focus on the locker rooms being split into four separate rooms and a new art room being built.
As some in the wrestling community voiced concerns over the room, Partridge offered one final solution on how to solve this problem now.
"Please take the wall down and we will find you the money to build another solution immediately," said Partridge.
The school board has agreed to put this issue on next month's agenda and members of the board also said they want to have a special meeting which will take place on Monday, March 24 at noon to review and discuss the high school construction after the groundbreaking ceremony at Irle Elementary School.
Superintendent Connors also clarified that the wall in the wrestling room would not necessarily be taken down by the start of next school year, but when construction is completed to where they don't need that storage space anymore.


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General Description
The Chariot stands for the great leap forward. It shows that we can detach ourselves from our familiar surroundings and go our own way. In doing so, the desire for freedom, ambition, the search for paradise lost, or simply our own need for recognition are driving forces. The Chariot is the only Tarot card that shows the departure to be full of confidence and joy. In all other cases, parting is shown to be characterized by feelings of heaviness and fear. Here, however, is a vigorous, undaunted push forward, initiative, and a great willingness to take risks. The card shows a vast amount of skill (steering the chariot), but also inexperience (entering an unknown world). It must therefore be additionally understood as a warning not to overestimate one's own powers and act too self-confidently and euphorically. Instead, we should, in good time, gain the insight that we still have much to learn.


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Italian clothing of all brands - Our own brands are Montazinni, Montenelli, Brentford and son and Isamara
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(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved.
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This carving fork was part of a wedding present to Charlotte Wardner Lamson when she married Charles Hyde Warren in 1905. She was the grand-daughter of Ebenezer Lamson, one of the original partners of the Lamson & Goodnow Company of Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts. Nut picks were one of a number of highly specialized tools for eating developed in the Victorian era. This pick allowed the genteel extraction of the meat from shelled nuts like walnuts or pecans. In that era, it was essential that a diner be refined. Nut picks helped tidy the messy business of nut eating.
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"History of Massachusetts Industries Their Inception, Growth and Success" Vol. I
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