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Sherwood Walks Straight
"'Sherwood, walk straight!!! Walk straight or I'll bat your ears in!! Sherwood walk straight, or when you get to the end of the underpass, you'll see great big letters, red letters three-feet high—'SHERWOOD WALK STRAIGHT'—that will be to-night, and to-morrow night they will say—'SHERWOOD WALK STRAIGHT OR I'LL BAT YOUR EARS IN.' Those two men up ahead will print them there because they know I named you Sherwood to get even with my fat stale silly life, so you won't have a fat stale silly life, and so you might live up to your name. They are going to teach me how to talk to someone I've named Sherwood—a new message on the end wall of that underpass every night forever, and one night I'll look up from my grave and know that to a lad named Sherwood you don't say, 'Sherwood walk straight or I'll bat your ears in.' You say instead, 'Sherwood, old boy, tone it down a bit, and try to walk with a little more direction, or you'll fall off this breakwater and drown your silly little fat self before you get a chance to prove that I was right to name you 'Sherwood'—and I'll know that you are writing the messages on the end wall of that underpass then—and the two men will look up from their graves and we will have a drink to-gether, and shake hands and be happy because we will all know that I was right to name you Sherwood, for you will sign your three-foot red letters with four-foot red letters saying, 'SHERWOOD FINKELBAUM? POET AND PHILOSOPHER? PRODUCT OF A NAME' and I will shout, 'Sherwood, walk straight!!!—or I'll bat your ears in!!!—but you won't hear me, and you will walk through the underpass up onto the breakwater and near the end of the breakwater you will say, 'I Sherwood—poet and philosopher—product of a name—have always walked with direction, and I shall not deviate now.' And the two men will scream, "Walk straight Sherwood!!! Walk straight!!!' We thought of it long ago, but we really didn't believe it Sherwood. We wanted to believe that the breakwater didn't end—everybody wants to believe that it doesn't end—but they lack the strength of their beliefs, and we lacked the strength of our belief—but you can do it Sherwood—you can do it. It won't end for you, if you only walk straight. Sherwood, you bastard, walk straight!!! But you won't hear them Sherwood, you won't remember the two men, for you have been walking in their footsteps, and when you reach the end of the breakwater you will stop, as they did—and then, as they did, you will slowly turn and walk back the way you have come, and you will ponder—as they did—how the breakwater, to future historians, will appear to be a great sacrificial altar, and how the historians will imagine the post-holes to have held horrible prongs upon which were impaled virgins, whose left breast had been severed; and those large holes in the middle held even larger prongs upon which were impaled all of the Sherwoods of the day, and upon that high steel tower with the flashing beacons sat the high mogul praying for atomic control and the archeologists will spend years digging in this sand beach for their remains—. You will walk slowly back along the breakwater and understand that Americans are the only people in the world who will gather under a NO SMOKING sign to smoke, and swim under a NO SWIMMING sign, and dream under a NO DREAMING sign, and live under a NO LIVING sign, and you will understand also, that this might be because they have more 'no living' signs than others have. When you have thought these things you will have become one with the two men, and I will be left with fat stale silly thoughts, and the awful void of eternity in death as in life, and I will stand in my grave and howl and scream at you as you endlessly write your red letters on the end wall of the underpass—Sherwood—Sherwood, you little bastard! Walk straight, or I'll bat your ears in! But again you won't hear me because you know that man no longer wants great poets and philosophers, and the people will no longer come through the underpass—and then you will change your messages. You will write BAND-BOX, MUSIC-BOX, CASABLANCA, MELODY-CASINO, THE AIRLINER, HOLLYWOOD BOWL, THE COME ON INN, TROCADERO, CUBAN VILLAGE, SHANGRI-LA, THE BRASS RAIL, THE DOWN BEAT ROOM, THE FAMOUS DOOR, SHERWOOD'S DRUGS, SHERWOOD'S HATS, SHERWOOD'S READY TO WEAR, SHERWOOD'S FIFTH AVENUE, SHERWOOD'S EUTOPIA, and the people will flock to you as to a savior. Luscious languorous lascivious females will stretch themselves indecently upon the letters of your words and writhe at your feet in obscene homage, and you will be not Sherwood, the great poet and philosopher, but good old functional Sherwood, originator of all the names of continuous entertainment and name to all things that men and women die in righteous wars for. Then you will hear me, but it will be too late. You will try and walk straight, but you cannot, for everywhere you must turn from the indecent adulation of your great public. You will not be able to walk straight, and you will turn in faster and faster circles. The two men will rise again from their graves and try to stop your mad circling. They will shout, 'Walk straight Sherwood! Walk straight you bastard!!' but it will be too late and the luscious languorous lascivious females and all their satellites will be sucked into the eddy of your dizzy whirl, and finally into its very core and you will all go screaming and howling and spinning into the horrible eternity of continuous entertainment, madly grasping at dizzily whirling three-foot red letters which still spell security and truth to your frenzied flock. You will know better then Sherwood. You will hear me and the two men then Sherwood, and you will shout back at us, 'Come with me, come with me. I need you now more than then. Come with me. I need more than a name. I can't walk straight with just a name. Don't you see that it was the name that did it. It was the name! The wrong name—the wrong name. I can't walk straight. I can't walk straight with just a silly name—just a silly name.' You will shout that at us Sherwood, and I will follow you, not knowing what to name you then—"


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Reuters Climate Change Coverage Declined Significantly After "Skeptic" Editor Joined
New Analysis Backs Whistleblower's Claims
Blog ››› ››› MAX GREENBERG
A Media Matters study finds that Reuters' coverage of climate change declined by nearly 50 percent under the regime of the current managing editor, lending credence to a former reporter's claim that a "climate of fear" has gripped the agency.
David Fogarty, a former Reuters climate change correspondent, wrote that Managing Editor Paul Ingrassia, then serving as deputy editor-in-chief, identified himself as "a climate change sceptic" in 2012. As time went on, Fogarty alleged, "getting any climate change-themed story published got harder," as some desk editors "agonised" over decisions and allowed articles to become mired in bureaucracy. Eventually, amid a "climate of fear," Fogarty's role was "abolished."
An earlier report published by The Baron, an independent site that caters to current and former Reuters employees, similarly noted that in recent years the news service has been steered in a "new direction" in its climate change coverage, as evidenced by decreased attention, in-print "skepticism" and the reassignment of regional environment correspondents to other beats.
Reuters' Climate Coverage Declined 48% After "Skeptic" Editor Took Over
In line with claims from Fogarty and The Baron, a survey of coverage in the six months immediately prior to Ingrassia's appointment compared to an analogous period in 2012 found that Reuters filed 48 percent fewer articles on climate change under the new regime, despite the fact that the latter period featured the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro, a continuing fight over the European Union's proposal to impose a carbon tax on international flights, record heat in the U.S. and other noteworthy developments.
In the six months before Ingrassia joined Reuters, Fogarty wrote 51 of 675 total articles on climate change (about 8 percent). During a comparable period under Ingrassia, Fogarty wrote only 10 articles on climate change (3 percent of 353 total stories).
The vast majority of coverage in both time periods was focused on policy (59 percent and 63 percent, respectively), as opposed to science (11 percent and 12 percent) and primarily quoted politicians, political officials or government officials (43 percent and 41 percent) on climate change.
Several Reuters Reports Have Adopted A Misleading Frame On Climate This Year
This year, Reuters' shift has apparently continued apace. An April 2013 article titled "Climate scientists struggle to explain warming slowdown," later promoted by Drudge Report, claimed that short-term temperature variability "has exposed gaps" in scientists' understanding of climate change, but neglected to quote any scientists on the issue -- or refer to an article filed by the same reporter one week prior, which explained some of the alleged "gaps."
On July 15, a Reuters story covering new research on sea level rise included disclaimers that one scientist called "unrelated climate skeptics nonsense."
Earlier that month, Ingrassia announced that Editor Michael Stott, with whom he had reportedly partaken in "open disagreement," would be leaving after some 25 years with the company. Ingrassia and Stott previously quarreled over a report on Hurricane Sandy that quoted scientists on the link between climate change and more intense hurricanes.
METHODOLOGY: We searched the Factiva database for Reuters News articles on "climate change or global warming" between October 19, 2010-April 11, 2011 and April 19, 2012-October 19, 2012. We included full articles or substantial mentions (more than one paragraph) of climate change or climate policies.
UPDATE (7/26/13): According to the Columbia Journalism Review, reporters at Reuters have said that they feel "pressure from management to 'balance' [their] climate change stories by including the views of global-warming skeptics" since Ingrassia was hired:
But rumblings in the Reuters newsroom signal that the most recent dip in climate coverage is accompanied by a shift in editorial angle. I spoke on background to several journalists working at Reuters, who said that since Ingrassia was hired, they've felt pressure from management to add "balance" to climate change stories by including the views of global-warming skeptics. "I'm really glad someone outside the company is looking into this," said one staffer who did not wish to be identified. "I think this is the most worrying thing any of us have seen here."
Shauna Theel, Charlie Rafkin, and Connor Land contributed to this report.
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- Environment & Science, Climate Change
- Network/Outlet
- Reuters
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Analogic is a 125 Program Presets sound library and specially developed smart handling concept that turns your Korg Kronos into an analog synthesizer.
All major parameters of an analog synthesizer are assigned to the Kronos Controller system: Knobs, Sliders, Switches, Joysticks, Aftertouch, Ribbon. This allows to change any sound of the included sound library by simply turning a Knob, pushing a Button and so on.
This allows a performance like playing on an analog synthesizer with ease. Brilliance, loudness, tone modulations, even exho effects and much more is controllable simply by using the Controllers. All of them are setted to standards, this means that every sound uses the same Controllers for the same tone adjustments. There are only a few differences due to the several Kronos sound engines. Plus table-style version via TouchView Display!
All 125 Presets are always programmed with a set of four different KARMA Arpeggio, bass line and chord pattern that always fits nicely to the concerned sound.
The included 20-page instructional manual (PDF) explains how to handle the Analogic system.
Complete content and handling instructions overview, click here:
Audio Track demo clip, click here:
125 Program Presets soundbank, 20-page manual PDF, download product
Purchase directly from the developer
Copyright Klaus P. Rausch -Back In Time Records- Sound Research & Development. All rights reserved.
All prices incl. tax (MwSt.)
Shopsystem u. Shopsoftware von store-systems.de


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Please choose from the options above to see price and availability.
From HDMI cables to component cables and S-video cables to VGA SVGA cables, Quality Cable and Wire will get your order to you fast and for a low price. Let Quality Cable and Wire be your permanent supplier for all of your electronic cable needs.


text:
Swissgear 8869 16" Rolling Tote - Black
Regular Price: $89.00
Special Price: $71.20View DetailsColor Out of Stock
Built on trust, quality and innovation, SWISSGEAR is the brand that consumers have come to rely on for providing well made products that are intelligently designed, highly functional and remarkably durable.
Call now for discounts on bulk orders!
Bulk Backpacks Yonkers New YorkSwissGear Will Give an Edge With Quality Backpacks
Searching for a solution in helping you make great margin in backpack supply deals? New York, get ready to knock-it-out-tha-park with SWISSGEAR's bulk backpacks partnership! We are one of the largest distributors of backpacks supply contracts and operate in the Yonkers greater area, then SWISSGEAR can help you! Our reseller program which will empower you to compete in a unprecedented way. Over the last 60 year, our brand has become a trusted name in the travel and luggage industry. You'll instantly standout in any bid where you can raise the value and excite small business and or corporate buyers with the notion that a laptop bag and laptop computer deal would now come with a Scansmart TSA friendly bag. The applications are of course abundant, but no matter what your merchandising situation looks like, SWISSGEAR name will add great value and make your bid the best candidate to secure a supply contract.
Wholesale Backpacks Yonkers
If you're considering SWISSGEAR as your go to source and have doubts about your profits; don't! We have a very robust wholesale pricing system. Essentially, the more business development you can spring together, the better your price will be. Why ever consider paying retail for SWISSGEAR or other brand name and shrink your margins? In the end, we're here to make a relationship with you and help you move units and become a trusted source for all sorts of custom backpack business initiatives. Go ahead give us a call today, we have a representative waiting to learn more about what your bulk backpack application requires. Call us at (954) 218-4229 and become a partner with SWISSGEAR!
Reseller Wholesale Bulk Backpacks YonkersDiscover The Added Benefits
As mentioned above, the power in going wholesale means you can customize solutions to help aid a wide array of customers like small businesses in embroidery business, corporations for
branding inits, and also back to school programs. There are so many different types of backpack selling applications out there and what you need is POWER. Here are some of the benefits of
using SWISSGEAR as your go to bulk backpack yonkers distributor:
- Tiered Volume Pricing
- Flexible Shipping Options
- Quick Order Processing
SWISSGEAR Preferred Wholesale Backpack Reseller Relationships
You might be thinking by now, if that you're friendly match to successfully partner with SWISSGEAR and you know what, you'd be right. Although we open our reseller program to just about all type of reseller applications, however, there are some applications in which are nearly perfection for both us and you the vendor. In the world of supply and demand, you'll understand that at times you just cannot supply all of the demand and that's okay! That's why we are more than just a supplier, we're a distributor and we're looking for the most dynamic business-to-business relationships were we can make a profitable relationship and take off some of the heavy-lifting that you'll have to do financially. So here are some of the reseller applications we
are looking for or are the most idea:
- VARS As a value added reseller (VAR), you're a more than just a reseller, you package together solutions that support large corporations. In many of the businesses we deal with they often are supporting IT infrastructure and you guessed it, we sell laptop backpacks for example, where they are ultra fitted for business professionals and perfect for those whom travel in air ports. Our "scansmart" also known as "tsa friendly", which makes check in very easy and you don't have to pull all your gadgets out; you can simply just open the laptop backpack and lay it out! It's simple design like this that will set you apart in your bids into the future.
- Embroidery Shops Often big organizations, teams, small businesses, and corporations will want to do brand awareness marketing with tshirts, jackets, backpacks and are often faced with retail pricing when they need hundreds of backpacks and other items. Often many of the corporations wanting to create brand visibility and community awareness will want a custom logo added to backpacks, laptop bags, messenger bags, and many other luggage types.


text:
This boat runs smooth going fast and hardly gives up any economy.
The Intrepid 407 Panacea is an outboard-powered boat that Boatings crack crew of editors sea-trialed and evaluated so that boaters-boat buyers especially-can learn the
A preview of a new Rinker Boats express cruiser
This new crossover from Rinker Boats combines open-concept design, elegant style and modern luxuries....
The 223FC combines exciting features to make the boat a seriously fun fisher too.
In pontoons, performance is luxury, but this one also provides watersports speeds with its 150 Merc....
The SS230 CL proves sporty to drive and gets you across the pond in style and speed.
Lowes super-sport style includes triple pontoons for added buoyancy, speed and performance, as well as more comfortable cornering in a boat that handles more like a
The 230 Grand Costa CLS will get you out on the water in comfort and style.
The Silver Wave 230 Grand Costa CLS is one of the companys most popular models because its a great base boat with an extensive options list so that you can rig it just
How to
Lessons to be learned from a high latitude boating adventure.
A photographer embarks on a an adventurous journey to the Arctic, using an small C-Dory boat powered by a single outboard. Learn why this intrepid adventurer chose this
Item description: This Marine Engine System product is by Sierra - Sierra Oil Seal - Deminisions (mm) I.D. 29.5 O.D. 50.25 Width 6 for Suzuki Outboard Motors. Replaces: Suzuki 09282-30007... Learn More
Manufacturer: Sierra
Keywords: Engine Systems>Drive Train>Drive Train Parts>Drive Train Seals
Store: West Marine, the largest waterlife outfitter in the world wants to partner with people who are passionate about the water, local chairities & organizations, and yacht clubs! West Marine carries over 85,000 products online and at 275 stores.
Category: Engine System
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Copyright © 2019 - http://www.usasportscenter.com/ All Rights Reserved.
Website design by Business Edge


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To uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States of America; to maintain law and order; to foster and perpetuate a one hundred percent Americanism; to preserve the memories and incidents of our associations in the Great Wars; to inculcate a sense of individual obligation to the community, state and nation; to combat the autocracy of both the classes and the masses; to make right the master of might; to promote peace and goodwill on earth; to safeguard and transmit to posterity the principles of justice, freedom and democracy; to consecrate and sanctify our comradeship by our devotion to mutual helpfulness.
Since our charter in 1919, our American Legion Post has been welcoming VETERANS from all branches of our Armed Forces. Today, we continue to welcome all military personnel serving our country. Joining our Post enables you to continue serving your God, Country and Community. Our mission is to implement the goals, aspirations, dreams, peace and blessings for our country, friends and families embodied in our preamble.
Our post meeting is the first Monday of each month.
Dinner is at 6pm ($8.00, first time is free.)
Meeting is at 7pm
Meetings are currently being held at the American Red Cross building on Middlebrook Pike.


text:
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - As the number of outpatient surgery centers has increased, so has the number of potentially unnecessary surgeries, a new study finds.
The research focused on ambulatory surgery centers — medical facilities that perform surgeries not requiring an overnight stay. Visits to such centers have tripled in number within the last decade.
In areas that included ambulatory surgery centers, the researchers noted a significant increase in the number of so-called discretionary procedures, specifically colonoscopy and endoscopy to look for problems in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.
Specifically, they found that the yearly number of colonoscopies and endoscopies increased by 1,610 and 775, respectively, for every 100,000 residents after an ambulatory surgery center opened.
Overall, this increase translated into an additional 25,000 colonoscopies and 9,800 endoscopies between 2002 and 2006 within the state of Florida alone, the authors note in the journal Archives of Surgery.
The benefits of the centers, explained study author Dr. John Hollingsworth of the University of Michigan, is that they are more efficient than hospitals, which saves patients time — and money.
But the increase in potentially unnecessary surgeries following the introduction of an ambulatory surgery center suggests these added costs may somewhat offset whatever money is being saved, Hollingsworth noted.
"It is entirely possible that the increased healthcare expenditures associated with greater procedure use in markets where opened may mitigate some of the efficiencies related to."
The increase in some discretionary surgeries is probably not a result of ambulatory surgery centers reaching a backlog of necessary surgeries, Hollingsworth added. For comparison with discretionary procedures that are often optional and may be performed for screening purposes, he and his colleagues looked at the frequency of a type of surgery that is always medically necessary — breast surgery to remove cancerous tissue. No rise in those procedures was seen when ambulatory surgery centers came to an area.
That said, the researchers could not determine whether the additional colonoscopies and endoscopies were, in fact, medically necessary, or might end up saving money in the long-term by diagnosing diseases earlier, he cautioned. "We cannot say whether a given patient needed a particular procedure or not," he said in an e-mail.
Every year, 57 million outpatient surgeries take place in the U.S. To handle the volume, many communities have opened ambulatory surgery centers, which now total more than 5,000 nationwide.
To investigate whether the appearance of an ambulatory surgery center changes surgery rates, Hollingsworth and his team reviewed the total number of outpatient surgeries among patients 65 and older that took place in Florida hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers between 1998 and 2006. They focused on regions in which an ambulatory surgery center opened during the study period, and those without one.
Most ambulatory surgery centers are owned — at least in part - by the doctors who staff them, which gives those doctors more control over scheduling surgeries and purchasing equipment, for instance, Hollingsworth noted.
But physician ownership also creates a conflict, he added, by encouraging doctors to schedule additional procedures.
Typically, colonoscopies at ambulatory surgery centers cost Medicare an average of $400 each, and slightly less for endoscopies.
Even if there is an increase in unnecessary procedures, ambulatory surgery centers are likely still a good thing, Dr. Steven Stain of Albany Medical College told Reuters Health in an e-mail.
"I think they are good for patients because of the efficiency, convenience, and lower costs of operation," said Stain, who wrote an accompanying editorial in the journal.
"However, physician-owned ambulatory surgery centers may reflect a conflict of interest between the physician's patient care responsibilities and perceived personal financial interest," he added. "This may lead to an erosion of the public's trust in health care providers."
In response to the new paper, a spokesperson for the Ambulatory Surgery Center Association pointed to a 2009 study by KNG Health Consulting, which concluded that ambulatory surgery centers promote a shift of surgeries and screening procedures from hospitals to outpatient centers but do not increase the number of operations performed.
SOURCE: bit.ly/etIhzS Archives of Surgery, online February 21, 2011.


text:
(Reuters) - Timo Glock will take part in a German Touring Car (DTM) test with BMW in Valencia this week after his departure from the Marussia Formula One team, BMW said on Tuesday.
"I have fond memories of my time with BMW Motorsport and am very excited about testing the BMW M3 DTM," the German said in a statement on the BMW website (www.bmw-motorsport.com).
"Furthermore, I am bound to see a few familiar faces in Valencia from my previous time with BMW. I am really looking forward to it."
BMW motorsport director Jens Marquardt worked with Glock, who started out as a teenager in Formula BMW and was BMW-Sauber's Formula One test driver in 2007, at the Toyota F1 team until the end of 2009.
Marussia announced on Monday that Glock, who had a contract for 2013, would not be driving for them this season after a mutually agreed separation due to financial reasons.
Reporting by Alan Baldwin in London, Editing by Clare Fallon


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|Yale University
Student Athlete Laptop Loan Program
(Reservations 432-1435)
The NCAA annually provides each Division I institution funding for enhancement of academic support systems for student-athletes. The Department of Athletics has designated part of these funds for the purchase of laptop computers to be used by student-athletes while traveling to away contests, or while participating in required practice and competition during recess periods. This allows athletes to have access to computers even while away from Yale, and makes available to them computer resources comparable to those shared by the general student body.
The laptop computers are available to athletes for all academic assignments and will enable them to work while absent from the University for athletic events. Athletes will be solely responsible for the full cost of computers (at $2,000 per computer) if they are not returned, or are lost or stolen while in the athletes' possession. Appeals of payments can be made to an Athletic Department Committee comprised of the athletic director, the faculty athletic representative, a representative coach, the athlete's coach and a student representative.
Procedures for Check-out/Check-in:
Reservations for use of a laptop computer can be made via email at email@example.com. Students must reserve the computer up to two days prior to a road trip or recess period and must return the computer at the designated time. Sign-out for fall, winter and spring recess periods must be reserved a week prior to the end of classes.
Computers will be checked in and out during regular business hours at the Ray Tompkins House. Reservations are required. The computer will be tested before checkout and the machine properly set up and checked for viruses.
STUDENTS MUST HAVE A YALE UNIVERSITY ID AND WILL BE REQUIRED TO SIGN A LOSS/DAMAGED/INSURANCE AGREEMENT. Students will indicate on the receipt the date and time of return. Machines not returned will be directly billed to the student bursar account.
The Yale Athletics Department is pleased to offer this benefit to our athletes. We ask that you care for this equipment and its security as if it were your own. We strongly recommend that the computers never be left in conspicuous places, and that when athletes are out of their hotel rooms, the computers be checked at the hotel desk. These computers are quite susceptible to theft and the utmost precaution must be used.


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By Kelli B. Grant
The speed with which smartphone batteries run out of juice can be a nuisance — or worse, if you need to make an emergency call.
The year-old SpareOne handset puts battery life out of mind, with a design that uses a single AA battery to power the phone until you need it — for up to 15 years. Newly released versions now incorporate geolocation, helping emergency services personnel pinpoint your exact location. Emergency calls go through with the press of the big emergency services button. There's no calling plan required, but paired with a SIM card, the $100 device also provides up to 10 hours of talk time on that one replaceable battery. Smartphone users can set up auto text reply on their primary device to let friends and family know they can only be reached by calling, while they've swapped out to the SpareOne.
The $100 fee is pricey, considering that any charged cellphone in working order can place an emergency call, even if there's no call plan attached to it. But a spokeswoman for Spare One says the phone's advantage is in its extended battery life, as well as in its ability to function in a wider range of temperatures than a typical smartphone, making it ideal for travelers heading off the beaten path. (Depending on where you go, however, you may need two SpareOnes. There are different versions that function with different GSM networks used in various parts of the world. In a few areas, notably Japan, the phone won't work at all.)
Senior consumer reporter and "Deal of Day" columnist Kelli B. Grant travels to Las Vegas to find the best, the worst, and the most hyped gadgets at this year's Consumer Electronics Show. Join her as she roams the exhibit floor for three days, with dispatches here and on Twitter @kelligrant.


text:
A procedure for systematic determination of the effects of component-value changes in automatic control systems
University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958 - Technology & Engineering - 206 pages
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2 pages matching inequality in Expression in this book
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AAB Systems affords analytic design application approaches infinity BBB Systems Chapter characteristic equation chute mouth Class AAA Class AAA Systems Class AAB Systems Class ABC Class ABD Class BBD Systems classes of systems closed-loop transfer function constant Dashed Curve Data Pertinent decrease the value denominator of G(s desirable determine DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Effect of Changes error Expression 6-3 feedback control system Figure and Curve forward gain high range inequality in Expression integral indices intermediate range large values low range normalized parameters numerator of G(s numerical values optimum system optimum values output Parameter Values performance index characteristics performance quality Pertinent to Class phase margin Plot polynomials position control system resulting s-plane set of numerical specified squared-error steady-state step-function input system parameters systems are possible Table 5-la thesis time-constant TjT2 transfer functions transient performance Type-1 Position Control University of Wisconsin Values of Gain variation yields zero


text:
All results for number drawings, games, pictures, drawings and news about number in coloringpages10.com.
This is a sheet for toddlers because they have to learn the numbers and count the Teddy Bears and leaves which are in this picture. It is an easy and funny activity so we hope that children can enjoy with it and with the numbers, too.
Today we are going to color this duck but we cannot use any color but we have to follow the instructions. It´s an easy activity but you have to follow the numbers for coloring the animal. Then, perhaps your mother give you a present for that job. Let´s begin!.
This picture is difficult for coloring because it has many numbers and we have to be concentrated on it. This coloring page is for kids, but if you are an adult, you can try it, too. Do you dare to color it?.
This drawing is imcomple, so the only one thing that you have to do is so easy. You will follow the numbers and the drawing will be completed. After that, you can color them.
In this exercise, you have to match the numbers and the words. It´s so easy and it´s perfect for primary kids. Children will be able to learn numbers and how to write them.
This is the number one but this dog wants it for him. We have to hurry if we want to color this picture, because the dog is very fast. Don´t waste time and prepare your colored chalks.
It´s summer time in this picture, so we have to complete it with colors and numbers. First, you have to look at the numbers because they have a color. Then, you have to choose that color and finish this task.
This is a different activity because you have to read the fingers. Below them, you have to write the number and finally, you will have to do the multiplication. But, first, you have to remember to print it.
This activity is for young learners because they have to follow the numbers to complete this drawing. After that, children will be able to color the picture. It´s a good idea for kids, isn´t it?.
Today, we are going to color the number four. If you are the teacher, you can collect it for doing different games with children in class. But if you are the parents, you will do the same. Print and color this drawing.
Today, our children will have to study the number six. First, they write its shape and then, they will be able to write the number with letters. It´s an easy task that you can print. A good resource for parents and teachers.
This worksheet is for young learners because they have to color the crown with the colors below it. They will enjoy with this task and they will have a good time. Don´t waste time...let´s print!.
If you want to give a present, the birthday cake is the best gift in the world. It has many colors and flavors. This one has four candles, though you can draw many more. If it is an special party, you have to show an special dessert like this. What flavor do you like?.
It´s time to eat so if you are hungry and you don´t want to eat many calories...this is the solution. A sandwich with letucce, cheese and tomato, it´s so delicious and it´s so good for you healthy. Before eating the sandwich, you can color it if you want.
Doraemon is very happy because he is with his friends. One of them is called Nobita who is a child and a bad student. Besides, in this picture, Shizuka appears, too. She is a funny girl and, I have to say that Nobi loves her. You have to color all characters if you like them.
If you have a special party and you want to wear a mask, here you are. Nobody will know who you are, but first, you will have to print, cut and color it. It´s an easy work, but anyway you will need time to do it. Call your friends because the work is easier when you have some help.
The police is coming with a big car, which has headlights in blue and red. The policemen always go around the streets for catching thieves, so our town is safer. Now, we can print this car and then, color it. It´s so easy and funny...Try it.


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Chilean journal of agricultural research
versión On-line ISSN 0718-5839
Chilean J. Agric. Res. vol.72 no.1 Chillán mar. 2012
Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 72(1) January - March
Insecticidal Efficacy of Azadirachta indica, Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Chlorantraniliprole Singly or Combined against Field Populations fo Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Eficacia Insecticida de Azadirachta indica, Nucleopolihedrovirus y Clorantraniliprol solo y sus Aplicaciones Integradas contra Poblaciones de Campo de Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Waqas Wakil1*, M. Usman Ghazanfar2, Fozia Nasir1, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, and Muhammad Tahir1
1University of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Faisalabad, Pakistan."Corresponding author (firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com).
2University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Department of Plant Pathology, Sargodha, Pakistan.
The development of resistance in cosmopolitan insect Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) forced the researchers for alternative control measures. In the present study, insecticidal efficacy of formulations of Azadirachta indica, a Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), and new anthranilic diamide insecticide (chlorantraniliprole) formulations was determined against 2nd, through 5th larval instars of H. armigera collected from diverse geographical locations in the Punjab province, Pakistan. Azadirachta indica was applied at 5 μL L-1; NPV at 2.1 x 105 polyhedral occlusion bodies (POB) mL4 and chlorantraniliprole at 0.01 μL L-1, either alone or in combinations with each other. The bioassays were conducted at 27 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. The mortality varied greatly among treatments, larval instars, and locations. The combinations of NPV with A. indica and chlorantraniliprole caused higher mortality, pupation and produced an additive effect compared to their application singly in all the tested populations. The population from Rawalpindi was always susceptible while the Gujranwala was the resistant. The results herein suggest that the effectiveness of NPV and A. indica can be improved by the presence of chlorantraniliprole against the larvae of H. armigera.
Key words: Azadirachta indica, NPV, chlorantraniliprole, additive, Helicoverpa armigera, populations.
Se determinó la eficacia insecticida de formulaciones de Azadirachta indica, Nucleopolihedrovirus (VPN) y el nuevo insecticida diamida antranílico (clorantraniliprol) en contra de segundo, tercero, cuarto y quinto estadios larvales de Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) recogidos de diversas ubicaciones geográficas de la provincia de Punjab, Pakistán. Azadirachta indica se aplicó en dosis de 5 μL L-1; VPN en dosis 2.1 x 105 POB mL-1 y clorantraniliprol fue 0,01 μL L-1 ya sea solos o en combinaciones. Los bioensayos se realizaron a 27 ± 1 °C y 65 ± 5% de humedad relativa. La mortalidad fue notablemente variada entre los tratamientos, estadios larvales y diversas poblaciones. Las combinaciones de VPN con A. indica y clorantraniliprol dio una mayor mortalidad, la fase de pupa y el efecto aditivo producido en comparación con su aplicación solo en todas las poblaciones de la prueba. La población de Rawalpindi fue siempre susceptible, mientras que Gujranwala fue resistente. Los resultados del presente trabajo sugieren que la eficacia de VPN y A. indica pueden ser beneficiados por la presencia de clorantraniliprol contra las larvas de H. armigera.
Palabras clave: Azadirachta indica, VPN, clorantraniliprol, aditivos, Helicoverpa armigera, poblaicones.
Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major polyphagous insect pest of many crops (Marzban et al., 2009), has a wide geographical range, mobility, migratory potential, facultative diapause, high fecundity and a great tendency to develop resistance against insecticides, key factors that determine its importance as insect pest (Fitt, 1989; Zalucki, 1991; Wakil et al., 2009a; 2009b; 2010). Excessive use of synthetic insecticides worldwide warrants environmental and human health concerns, and urges researchers to develop safer alternatives for eco-friendly pest management (Cherry et al., 1997). Insect resistance to synthetic insecticides (Ahmad et al., 2003; 2007) and development of awareness of their detrimental effects has prompted the introduction of integrated pest management programs (Nathan and Kalaivani, 2006). The promising alternatives of insecticides would be Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), plant based products and new chemistry molecules which can be successfully included in the integrated pest management (IPM) program to lessen the resistance issues in the lepidopterous insects.
Helicoverpa armigera, single nucleocapsid NPV (HearNPV, also called HaSNPV) was first isolated in 1975 in Hubei, China and has been used for over 25 yr against H. armigera (Zhang, 1994). The Baculoviridae including NPVs and granuloviruses (GV) with more than 600 viruses (Nathan and Kalaivani, 2006) have great potential for the control of H. armigera (Jayaraj, 1985; David, 2008). Occluded viruses (OV) initiate primary infections in midgut epithelial cells of susceptible hosts and Budded viruses (BV) spread from cell to cell in the larvae (Keddie et al., 1989; Washburn et al., 1995). The infected larvae become pale in color, which ultimately swell due to the deposition of OV's, climb upper parts of the host plants and ultimately die (Inceoglu et al., 2001; Nakai et al., 2002).
Over the last three decades, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) has received attention all over the world (Stark and Walter, 1995; Nathan and Kalaivani, 2006). The major constituent of neem is azadirachtin (AZA), which affects the feeding, growth, molting, and reproduction of insects (Kumar et al., 2008), and may be combined with other bio-based insecticides (Koppenhòfer and Kaya, 2000). The effects of neem based pesticides have been studied under laboratory and field conditions (Gahukar, 1995; 1996), however, in Pakistan the efficacy of the neem has not been properly explored against H. armigera except few studies like Wakil et al. (2008).
The chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr) is the first anthranilic diamide, a new class of insecticide (Lahm et al., 2007) that prevents the build-up of pest populations if applied soon after pest outbreaks. It has very low mammalian toxicity, acts at relatively low application rates, promotes eco-friendly insect pests management and achieves excellent control of pest population resistant to other insecticides (Cordova et al., 2007). It activates the insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs), which causes uncontrolled release and depletion of internal Ca and prevents further muscle contraction. The death of insects occurs by the rapid cessation of feeding, lethargy, regurgitation and muscle paralysis (Cordova et al., 2007; Temple et al., 2009).
This research was aimed to evaluate mortality and pupation rate of A. indica and NPV in combination with chlorantraniliprole against 2nd, through 5th larval instars of H. armigera from several locations in the Punjab province, Pakistan.
Insects rearing
Field populations of H. armigera were collected in six major tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growing locations (Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Sheikhupura) in Punjab, Pakistan. All the populations were reared in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) laboratory in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Pakistan) at 25 ± 2 °C, 75% RH and 16:8 h photoperiod. Batches of 500 field collected larvae of each population were reared in plastic trays with 32 wells (6 cm diameter x 5.5 cm depth) with one larva each to avoid cannibalism, and provided with 5 mL of artificial diet (chickpea [Cicer arietinum L.] flour: 125 g; red kidney beans [Phaseolus vulgaris L.]: 125 g; canned tomotao paste: 25 g; agar: 17 g; ascorbic acid: 3 g; sorbic acid: 1 g; yeast: 40 g; methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate: 2 g; streptomycin: 1 g; vitamin mixture: 10 mL; distilled water: 1300 mL) (Wakil et al., 2011), which was renewed regularly till pupation. Twenty five pairs of unsexed newly emerged adults of H. armigera were placed in plastic jars (15 cm diameter x 19 cm depth) lined with coarse tissue paper to facilitate egg laying. Honey solution (10%) was provided in 5 mL test tube plugged with cotton, placed vertically on the top of each jar. Populations were reared for more than 10 generations in the laboratory before the bioassays, where L2 through L5 larval instars were used.
Test formulations
Azadirachta indica. A commercial product of neem A. indica (AgriLife, Hyderabad, India) was used at the rate of 5 μL L-1.
Chlorantraniliprole. A novel insecticide from class anthranilic diamide Coragen 20% SC powered by Rynaxypyr (DuPon Private Limited, Pakistan) was used which contains chlorantraniliprole (20% w/v) and other ingredients (80% w/v). The formulation was applied by dissolving in distilled water at a concentration of 0.01 μL L-1 mixed with the diet, thoroughly mixed in electric shaker for 30 s for even distribution of insecticide.
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV). The commercial formulation of NPV was provided by AgriLife, Hyderabad, India. To recover the purified virus, the second instar larvae of H. armigera were infected with a suspension of NPV by spraying and the larvae were allowed to feed on artificial diet (Wakil et al., 2011) for 7 d. Then the midguts of the infected cadavers were homogenized in deionized water, filtered through muslin cloth and centrifuged at 16 000 rpm for 45 min (Shapiro et al., 2005; Green et al., 2006). The purified virus was given washes three times in distilled water, and held in 0.1 mM NaOH at 5 °C. Polyhedral occlusion bodies (POB) in 1 mL suspension was recorded 10 times using haemocytometer (Cory and Myers, 2004). The formulation was applied (2.1 x 105 POB mL-1) on both sides of surface sterilized tomato leaf discs and air dried.
Larval treatment
Pre-starved (24 h) larval instars (L2-L5) from all populations of H. armigera were kept in plastic vials (base radius 2.8 cm x height 7 cm) individually containing tomato leaf discs treated with NPV and A. indica, alone and in combination while the discs sprayed with distilled water only served as control. After 24 h the larvae from alone treatments were removed and shifted into new vials (base radius 2.8 cm x height 7 cm) each containing 1 cm3 pieces from chlorantraniliprole treated and untreated (control) diet for next 24 h and then were shifted to normal artificial diet. For alone treatments (NPV and A. indica and chlorantraniliprole) the larvae were held in the vials separately for 24 h and directly transferred to the artificial diet.
The bioassay was conducted at 25 ± 2 °C, 75% RH and 16:8 h photoperiod, each treatment was repeated thrice independently using 20 larvae per replicate for each population (n = 360 for all populations). The mortality counts were made after every other day upto 12 d for all populations and larval instars (L2-L5). After removing the dead individuals the remaining larvae were kept till pupation. The larvae were prodded with the blunt needle and those unable to move in coordinated manner were considered as dead (Ma et al., 2008). The larvae infected with NPV showed the symptom of oozing of body contents, transparency and stretching of the body, A. indica application resulted in blackening and shrinkage of the larval body, however, the combined treatments resulted in the larval blackening and oozing of the body contents (Kumar et al., 2008).
Statistical analysis
Data were analyzed statistically by using three-way factorial analysis (Minitab, 2003) both for the mortality and pupation rate for six localities, four larval duration and seven treatments. The means of corrected percent mortality and pupation rate was separated and compared using Tukey-Kramer (HSD) (Sokal and Rohlf, 1995) test at 5% significance level. The type of interaction between different concentrations for the H. armigera mortality was worked out by using the equation CTF = (oc-oe)/oe x 100, where CTF is cotoxicity factor, oc is observed percentage mortality resulted from the combined application and oe, the expected percentage mortality, is the sum of percentage produced by each of the treatment used in the combination (Mansour et al., 1966). On the basis of this factor, any intermediate value (i.e. between -20 and +20) was considered additive (Marzban et al., 2009).
All main effects and the interaction between larvae and treatments were significant, however, other associated interactions at P = 0.05 were not significant both for mortality and pupation rate (Table 1) of H. armigera larvae. The mortality of larvae and pupation was greatly influenced by the origin of the population and the stage of the larvae as with the advancement of growth, the larvae became more resistant to the treatments. Significant differences were noted in the mortality and pupation rate of second instar larvae of H. armigera when exposed to chlorantraniliprole, NPV, and A. indica alone and in combinations. The additive effect on the mortality and pupation of H. armigera was exhibited by the combined treatments of chlorantraniliprole, NPV, and A. indica. The highest mortality was recorded in the treatment where NPV and chlorantraniliprole was applied in combination, with lowest pupation of H. armigera, in all the populations. The population from Gujranwala showed resistance with 96.10% mortality and the pupation was 0.13% while the population from Rawalpindi exhibited susceptibility towards the combined treatment with 100% mortality with no pupation (Table 2). However, in case of larvae treated with chlorantraniliprole alone, significantly more mortality was recorded in all the populations tested with maximum 63.23% and 33.10% pupation in Rawalpindi populationbut this was less effective in Gujranwala population with 51.23% mortality and 45.13% pupation.
Table 1. Factorial analyis of localities, larval duration and treatments on the mortality and pupation of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars of Helicoverpa armigera from six different localities treated with Azadirachta indica, Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), and chlorantraniliprole.
Table 2. Mean mortality and pupation of 2nd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera from six different locations treated with Azadirachta indica (Ai: 5 μL L-1), Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV: 2.1 X 105 POB mL-1) and chlorantraniliprole (Ch: 0.01 μL L-1) alone and in combination.
Percentage means within the locality followed by the same letter are not significantly different, Tukey-Kramer HSD test at P < 0.05. POB: Polyhedral occlusion bodies, CTF: Cotoxicity factor.
The mortality in 3rd instar larvae of H. armigera was higher when exposed to the combined treatments of chlorantraniliprole, NPV, and A. indica with less pupation respectively in all the populations. The larval mortality was significantly higher by the combination of NPV with chlorantraniliprole than chlorantraniliprole alone. Also the interaction between the combined treatments was additive depending upon the origin of the population. The population of Gujranwala showed resistance with 91.11% mortality and 3.89% pupation while the population of Rawalpindi exhibited susceptibility towards the combined treatment with 100% mortality with no pupation (Table 3). However, in case of larvae treated with chlorantraniliprole alone, significantly more mortality was recorded in all the populations tested with maximum mortality of 60.40% and 35.28% pupation in Rawalpindi population but this was less effective in Gujranwala population (47.13% mortality and 49.43% pupation).
Table 3. Mean mortality and pupation of 3rd instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera from six different locations treated with Azadirachta indica (Ai: 5 μL L1), Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV: 2.1 X 105 POB mL1) and chlorantraniliprole (Ch: 0.01 μL L1) alone and in combination.
Percentage means within the locality followed by the same letter are not significantly different, Tukey-Kramer HSD test at P < 0.05. POB: Polyhedral occlusion bodies, CTF: Cotoxicity factor
The same trend was observed in case of mortality in 4th instar larvae of H. armigera which was higher when exposed to the combined treatments of chlorantraniliprole, NPV, and A. indica with less pupation respectively in all the populations. The larval mortality was significantly increased by the combination of NPV with chlorantraniliprole over that in chlorantraniliprole alone. Similarly the interaction between the combined treatments was additive depending upon the origin of the population. The population of Gujranwala was more resistant with 58.07% mortality and the 36.56% pupation, whereas the population of Rawalpindi exhibited susceptibility towards the combined treatments with 77.83% mortality and 16.90% pupation (Table 4). However, in case of larvae treated with chlorantraniliprole alone, significantly higher mortality was recorded in all the populations tested with maximum 41.79% and 52.97% pupation in Rawalpindi population but this was less effective in Gujranwala population with 29.55% mortality and 65.08% pupation.
Table 4. Mean mortality and pupation of 4th instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera from six different locations treated with Azadirachta indica (Ai: 5 μL L-1), Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV: 2.1 X 105 POB mL-1) and chlorantraniliprole (Ch: 0.01 μL L-1) alone and in combination.
Percentage means within the locality followed by the same letter are not significantly different, Tukey-Kramer HSD test at P < 0.05. POB: Polyhedral occlusion bodies, CTF: Cotoxicity factor.
The additive effect was noted in 5th instar larvae by the combined treatments of chlorantraniliprole, NPV, and A. indica among all the populations tested and mortality was higher in the combined treatments than the individual treatments (Table 5). The decreasing order of susceptibility at NPV and chlorantraniliprole treatment was Rawalpindi population (mortality 67.81%, pupation 28.94%), Sargodha (65.64%, 31.06%), Lahore (62.29, 32.45), Faisalabad (60.41, 36.27), Sheikhupura (57.46, 39.29) and Gujranwala (54.40, 42.33).
Table 5. Mean mortality and pupation of 5th instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera from six different locations treated with Azadirachta indica (Ai: 5 μL L1), Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV: 2.1 X 105 POB mL-1) and chlorantraniliprole (Ch: 0.01 μL L-1) alone and in combination.
Percentage means within the locality followed by the same letter are not significantly different, Tukey-Kramer HSD test at P < 0.05. POB: Polyhedral occlusion bodies, CTF: Cotoxicity factor.
Long term use of synthetic insecticides have culminated into serious health and environmental issues (Nathan and Kalaivani, 2006) which redirect the researchers to look for some safer alternatives and ecologically acceptable pesticides (Wood and Granados, 1991) with no or less residual effect and resistance development property, for the control of important insect pests. The results of the present study indicate that NPV, A. indica, and chlorantraniliprole can be used successfully against various larval instars of H. armigera, but their effectiveness may depend on several factors like the origin of the populations and the stages of the larvae. Decline in susceptibility of H. virescens to NPV, azadirachtin, and imidacloprid has been documented after second instar by Koppenhofer and Kaya (2000). Kumar et al. (2008) supported the earlier notion about the susceptibility of the early instar larvae compared to the late instars as they ingest more treated leaf area during scrap feeding. However, in another study against Spodoptera litura F. (Murugan et al., 1999) the maximum mortality of larval stages was observed at highest concentrations of virus but Allen and Ignoffo (1969) noted that the susceptibility decreases with the age of larvae. These results are in confirmation to the present work as the age of the H. armigera larvae increased the mortality of the larvae decreased. The reason of this behavior is not yet explored properly except Nathan et al. (2005), who studied the effects of azadirachtin (AZA) and NPV on midgut enzyme activity in Spodoptera litura and noted that the gut enzyme activities were decreased by AZA and NPV individually and in combination. Upon feeding on diet of castor leaves treated with AZA and NPV in bioassays, gut enzyme-acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, adenosine triphosphatases, and lactate dehydrogenase-activities decreased in S. litura early instar larvae. But still there is room for more research on the biochemical, molecular, and histopathological studies of the midgut necessary to understand the mechanism of decreased susceptibility of aging larvae.
Presently, the viral formulations (especially belonging to the family Baculoviridae) are one of the most promising biological insecticides (Lavina et al., 2001). Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses move from cell to cell and after its ingestion, resulted infected cells disintegrate which ultimately leads to the death of the insects. While, the neem has great antifeedant, insect growth regulatory and insecticidal effects, containing several compounds (Ramya and Jayakumararaj, 2009). The principal active ingredient in neem is AZA, which disrupt the action of molting hormone, reproduction of insects (Lee et al., 1991) and can be mixed with other biopesticides, microbials or with synergists (Koppenhòfer and Kaya, 2000). There are reports regarding the interaction of NPV and AZA against other insects with varying success. Shapiro et al. (1994) found that addition of neem extract with NPV against gypsy moth resulted in faster mortality, similarly, Nathan and Kalaivani (2006) evaluated NPV with AZA against S. litura and noted dose and larval instar dependent growth retardation after treatment with NPV and AZA and also decrease in nutritional indices by two fold at low concentrations. Nathan et al. (2005) exhibited the synergistic effect of botanical insecticides and virus when combined in low doses. The above narrated results are in confirmation with our findings as combinations are more effective in reducing the populations of H. armigera which also showed the additive effect compared to alone treatments. Cook et al. (1996) also endorsed these findings when they treated second instar gypsy moth larvae with AZA and NPV that resulted in higher mortality compared with that caused by individual treatments so both AZA and virus in combination may give good foliage protection against gypsy moth larvae. The synergistic action of AZA and NPV was also observed by Nathan and Kalaivani (2005) against tobacco cutworm and this interaction was not dose dependent.
Our findings suggest that presence of chlorantraniliprole enhanced the insecticidal activity of NPV and A. indica as the present study is the first report on potential combination of all three agents against the larvae of various populations of H. armigera. Less mammalian toxicity, effectiveness at relatively low dose rates as compared to other insecticides (pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates), longer residual properties, and wide range of activity of chlorantraniliprole against lepidopteran pests will make it as an excellent control option in an overall integrated pest management system (Anonymous, 2007). It demonstrated very good activity at relatively low rates against larvae and pupae evaluated in this study and insecticidal activity of chlorantraniliprole was at par with that reported by Lahm et al. (2007). In laboratory study, LC50's for chlorantraniliprole (0.1 μL L-1) have been significantly lower when compared with other two standard insecticides indoxacarb (1.5 μL L-1) and cypermethrin (13.5 μL L-1) in an insecticide-treated diet assay on a laboratory colony of tobacco budworm (Anonymous, 2007).
The variation in the susceptibility levels among insecticides is likely to occur among populations originating from different parts of the world or even from the same region. Our study is the first in which variable effectiveness of NPV, A. indica, and chlorantraniliprole against H. armigera populations originating from different locations in the Punjab province (Pakistan) is documented. In the light of our findings, the population from Gujranwala appeared to be more tolerant to NPV and A. indica and chlorantraniliprole compared with the remaining populations collected from other localities. Resistance to different conventional insecticides has been observed in varying degree in lepidopteran insect populations (Ahmad et al., 2003; 2007), which might be attributed to the excessive applications of insecticides on different field crops grown in that particular localities.
Among various evaluated treatments, NPV+Ch proved to be the best one against all the populations of H. armigera further 2nd stage larvae were the most susceptible one. Present laboratory study suggests that, under specific experimental conditions, NPV and A. indica can be used with success in conjunction with chlorantraniliprole against various larval instars of H. armigera, thereby allowing a lower dose of their combination for the management of H. armigera. Findings of the present study earnestly suggest that the mortality demonstrated in the laboratory does not give the true picture of the mortality in the field and also the generalizations should be avoided. More research is needed to have better idea on the interaction of chlorantraniliprole, NPV, and A. indica to control the H. armigera both in laboratory and field conditions. The data generated here comprises initial efforts in establishing baseline information about chlorantraniliprole that can be used as reference points for future integration with other safer microbial based management programs.
The study was financially supported by grant (N° 1185) from Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan, under National Research Program for Universities.
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Marzban, R., Q. He, X. Liu, and Q. Zhang. 2009. Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (HaCPV) on cotton bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 101:71-76. [ Links ]
Minitab. 2003. MINITAB Release 14 for Windows. Minitab Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, USA. [ Links ] Murugan, K., S. Sivaramakrishnan, N.S. Kumar, D. Jeyabalan, and S. Senthilnathan. 1999. Potentiating effects of neem seed kernel extract and neem oil on Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Insect Science and its Applications 19:229-235. [ Links ]
Nakai, M., C. Goto, T. Shiotsuki, and Y. Kunimi. 2002. Granulovirus prevents pupation and retards development of Adoxophyes honmai larvae. Physiological Entomology 27:157-164. [ Links ] Nathan, S.S., and K. Kalaivani. 2005. Efficacy of nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) and azadirachtin on Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biological Control 34:93-98. [ Links ]
Nathan, S.S., and K. Kalaivani. 2006. Combined effects of azadirachtin and nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) on Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Biological Control 39:96-104. [ Links ]
Nathan, S.S., K. Kalaivani, and P.G. Chung. 2005. The effects of azadirachtin and nucleopolyhedrovirus on midgut enzymatic profile of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 83:46-57. [ Links ]
Ramya, S., and R. Jayakumararaj. 2009. Antifeedant activity of selected ethno-botanicals used by tribals of Vattal Hills on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Journal of Pharmacology Research 2:1414-1418. [ Links ]
Shapiro, A., T.B. Green, S. Rao, S. White, G. Carner, P.P.C. Mertens, and J.J. Becnel. 2005. Morphological and molecular characterization of a Cypovirus (Reoviridae) from the Mosquito Uranotaenia sapphirina (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Virology 79:9430-9438. [ Links ]
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Received: 26 June 2011.
Accepted: 27 December 2011.


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The Revolution Will Not Be Infringed Upon: Long Island Couple Files To Trademark 'Occupy Wall St.'
from the sticking-it-to-the-man-via-the-proper-channels deptWall Street blog extraordinaire, Dealbreaker, alerts us to the perhaps unsurprising news that a Long Island couple has filed for a trademark on the phrase "Occupy Wall Street." (More in-depth information, including the filing, over at The Smoking Gun.):
In a U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) application, Robert and Diane Maresca are seeking to trademark the phrase "Occupy Wall St." so that they can place it on a wide variety of goods, including bumper stickers, shirts, beach bags, footwear, umbrellas, and hobo bags.While there's something to be said for striking while the iron is hot, some very ugly backlash from actual Wall Street occupiers is pretty much guaranteed. If there's one thing protesters of a financial system hate (and it's by no means the only thing), it's having their dissent sold back to them. This possibility did cross the Marescas' minds, but it has all been safely rationalized away:
Asked if his move to stake a legal claim to "Occupy Wall Street" might be seen as a crass attempt to cash in on a movement that has a harsh view of corporations and capitalism, Maresca answered, "No." Noting that he has a "practical business side," Maresca added that, "If I didn't buy it and use it someone else will."Of course: the I'm-not-the-only-one-with-a-horribly-crass-idea defense. Maresca has a point, though. Someone else would. In fact, a Brooklyn man has already filed a trademark request for "We Are the 99%." Of course, this Brooklynite can always add "44/100" to his T-shirts and sell them to Procter & Gamble, should this occupation suddenly end. Maresca's phrase has no "out," if you will, but he won't let that keep his growth industry down. After all, he's got two things going for him;
Maresca said that he has visited the Wall Street protest site on several occasions and believes that corporations have too much influence on elected officials.and school supplies:
While he has yet to mass produce any "Occupy Wall Street" product, Maresca said that he has inked some t-shirts with magic markers.That, my friends, is how you carpe the hell out of the diem. Now there's nothing left to do but sit back and wait for the backlash/C&Ds to start flying.
Filed Under: occupy wall street, trademark


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Sometimes when I'm scrolling through MMO Champion's Blue Tracker I find something that just astounds me. This particular post and blue response have absolutely nothing to do with WoW gameplay, but nonetheless, they weigh in on an issue of great interest to me–the level of detail used to evoke the universe of Warcraft.
Unfortunately, the issue of Warcraft culture is couched in incredibly bigoted and small-minded terms. Let's take a look at the original player rant:
All races exept gnomes and orcs can be a priest, druid or paladin. Priests and paladins cherish and worship the divine and holy, whilst druids are in contact with the ancient spirits. This of course, is fine. Not all races can have all classes. The thing I reacted against, and so should you all; the lore clearly states the gnomes as the most intelligent of races. They have advanced the furthest in technology, and have a passive racial that gives them more intellect. So, being an atheist, and a slave of Satan gives you a greater mind, eh?
The fact that the "most intelligent" race in WoW does not have a religion is like a stab in the back for me. To me, Blizzards message is "Oh, but intelligent people don't believe in God". I am vastly offended by this, and would like to see a change in the lore, where human missionaries convert the gnomes into believing in the divine, thus making them able to create a priest or paladin.
Yes, I am aware that my main character is a gnome, but after finding this shocking discovery I will most certainly reroll. Those little blasphemers will no longer be a part of my life. Any christians out there will and should agree with me.
As a caveat, let me just say that I think the player's actual complaint about the lack of a gnomish religion is utter crap. As an educated person, I advocate religious tolerance in all situations, for all people. And by "tolerance," I mean not just "putting up with" many different religious traditions, but celebrating their difference and encouraging dialogue among them. Tolerance includes virtual worlds–whether or not the player is a participant in a particular religion should not affect his or her experience of gameplay, and I think Blizzard does a pretty good job of being religion-neutral. However, even a bigoted post can sometimes bring up an interesting issue.
Blizzard's response, of course, was to lock the thread. However, in among the dribble and insults, there were some interesting ideas.
One gnome poster, responding to the question of whether gnomes have a religious faith, asked: "How do you know they don't?"
How indeed. This would have been exactly my response (except that I have sometimes suspected that gnomes might be intended to have things in common with Jewish culture–diaspora, a reputation for intelligence, discrimination in the form of gnome jokes–but that's a topic for another post). In his misguided way, this hostile poster who calls gnomes "atheist servants of Satan" is actually hinting at a real problem in the World of Warcraft.
The Lore
The issue here is that the way The Lore (capitals intended) is handled conflicts with the nature of gameplay in an MMO. Most of the information that is released to the players about The Lore, either through previous games, graphic novels, novelizations, and Major Lore Quest Chains focuses on the famous figures of Azeroth. It's not hard to find out something about Arthas, Jaina, Sylvanas, Varian Wrynn, or Medivh. These folks are major players. However, the vast majority of quest content has players interacting with nobodies–level 17 farmers, craftsmen, clerics, and ne'er-do-wells. What I want to know is what the peoples of Azeroth do when they're not busy being heroic. We get bits and pieces of the history of Azeroth on that small scale–the Darrowshire quests are a very good example of this. However, we really don't get to learn a darn thing about how Draenai education works, why dwarves tend to go exploring, or what it would be like to go to a troll wedding.
I think someone knows all of this. In fact, I bet the developers have a Big Book of Azerothian Cultural History–well, probably a giant scrapbook or stack of file folders. They would have to if they cared about making coherent quest content–which they certainly do. However, I bet it's a hodgepodge of information, written by many different people, and I also bet that it doesn't cover everything.
Maybe gnomes cherish small household gods that are closely associated with the family, like the Roman Larës.
Maybe gnomes get their best ideas while they're meditating on the nature of life–or mechanical parts–for half an hour a day.
Maybe the gnomes hide their religion from the Big People in order to head off discrimination.
I bet Blizzard knows this, or could use that Big Book to come up with a logical answer.
The Solution
People love the World of Warcraft, and I think they would eat it up if Blizzard released some of their unpublished material on Azerothian culture. What they should do is set up a website for such questions–perhaps a blog–and employ a professional writer to maintain it. And I might mention that if they're ever hiring this job, I'm applying. I love fantasy and fantasy worlds. Warcraft makes for an interesting universe, but most of The Lore is deadly dull. It focuses on Great Deeds of the Past and tends to be communicated in a very monotonous tone in Blizzard's official publications. Have you seen some of those sentences? Someone should start charging the writers a 15c fine for each subordinate clause in excess of three. I'd hazard a guess that they didn't hire a professional fantasy writer to produce their paragraphs about Arthas. Do I think that I could do a better job? Heck yes. And the number one question I would ask myself is–what about the little people? No, not just gnomes. All of those Westfall farmers, Southshore fur traders, and Feathermoon scholars–what makes them tick? That to me is very interesting.


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Description:Router : StorageWorks Network Storage Router M2402(2 FC x 4 LVD) Has One dual port Fiber Channel (FC) module two shortwave Small Form factor Pluggable (SFP) transceivers and one quad port Low Voltage Differential (LVD) SCSI modulePart Number(s)
Manufacturer Part# 262653-B21
Overview:As storage capacity doubles every year businesses struggle to keep up with storage demands. Contributing factors to the growth in storage include applications becoming more complex increasing file sizes and an increasing number of government regulations regarding the storage of information. In addition to this companies need to operate 24x7 to not be left behind. To keep up with these demands they look to service providers to guide them in their decision making when creating a data protection strategy. Key components of this strategy should be reliability lower total cost of ownership investment protection and ease of use. The new StorageWorks Network Storage Router M2402 offers all of the above. The M2402 is a key component in a complete data protection solution. It is a 1U rackmount Fiber Channel-to-SCSI router with two 1Gb or 2Gb Fiber Channel ports and four SCSI (LVD/SE or HVD) ports on the base model and allows multiple host servers to communicate with a SCSI tape device over a Fiber Channel link. It is targeted towards customers whose backup window is impacting mission critical business operations and need to reduce or remove the impact of the backup window. It offers support for serverless backup 1Gb and 2Gb Fiber Channel and has web based management allowing for remote management. This is the first Compaq serverless solution.


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When it comes to learning a trade, there's nothing more beneficial than hands-on experience. The National Joint Apprenticeship and Training Committee (NJATC) programs, which train people to become qualified electrical workers, combine the knowledge, experience, and teamwork of electrical industry craftsmen, organizations, as well as manufacturers.
After recognizing the need for standardized training, the National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA) and International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) joined forces in 1941 and founded the NJATC to develop uniform standards and curriculum for use in local programs nationwide. Today, NJATC programs train more than 30,000 apprentices per year at no cost to taxpayers and are responsible for educating the highly skilled work force needed to meet the needs of an ever-changing technology. In collaboration with the NJATC, many electrical manufacturers have developed supplementary educational materials in their areas of expertise.
One prime example are the Wiring Device Basic Training Kits, developed by Leviton Manufacturing Co. The company designed this program as a multimedia resource for in-class and self-tutorial instruction. The kits include all the components necessary to effectively teach students about electrical devices. Current offerings include kits for switches, receptacles, and GFCIs. In the future, the company plans to add kits for occupancy sensors, lighting controls, telecommunications, and multimedia devices. Each kit contains a 16-min to 20-min video covering device descriptions, components, applications, and installation; an identical CD-ROM for Windows 95/98/NT; an audio cassette for reinforcement; and a technical brochure with an overview, wiring diagrams, definitions, and self-test. It also includes product samples of the devices for hands-on learning, and a product card with a concise description of each item. So far, student response has been favorable. According to Rick Hecklinger, Assistant to the Executive Director of the NJATC, apprentices have found the Leviton kits to be "high quality" and "packaged right" for the program.


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Career Statistics
Career: A two-time All-ACC Second Team selection ... started 82 of 86 career matches ... missed the non-conference portion of the 2012 season due to playing in the U-20 World Cup … in the Duke NCAA Tournament record book, ranked third in points (14) and tied for sixth in goals (3) ... ranked tied for seventh on Duke's all-time charts with five multi-goal performances … her 29 career assists ranked third in Duke history.
National Team Experience: Trained with the U.S. U-23 squad in April and May of 2013 ... member of the 2012 U.S. U-20 World Cup team that won the championship with a 1-0 victory over Germany in Japan ... trained with the U-20 National Team in the spring and summer of 2012 ... participated in the CONCACAF U-20 Women's Championship in Panama and the Four Nations Tournament in La Manga, Spain in the spring of 2012 with the U-20 squad ... traveled to Spain in March of 2011 for the Ten Nations Tournament ... trained with the U-18, U-20 and U-23 U.S. National Teams during the spring of 2010 ... traveled to Germany with the U-20 squad for the U-20 World Cup in the summer of 2010 where they advanced to the quarterfinals ... traveled to Spain with the U-18 National Team in 2010 ... on the U-18 U.S. National Team in 2009 and 2010 ... member of the U-17 U.S. National Team World Cup pool ... traveled to Brazil with the U-16 U.S. National Team ... member of the U.S. Youth National Team since U-14.
Senior (2013): Started 23 matches, saw action in all 24 ... notched 11 points with two goals and a team-high seven assists ... tied for ninth in the ACC in assists and 13th in assists per game ... registered two assists against Miami on Sept. 12 ... named to Capital One Academic All-District III - First Team ... selected to Preseason TopDrawerSoccer.com Third Team Best IX ... went 2-of-2 on penalty kicks against West Virginia and UCLA ... took 78 corners for the Blue Devils ... played 110 minutes in three matches and logged 2,006 minutes on the season.
Junior (2012): Appeared in 16 matches, making 14 starts … traveled to Japan with the U-20 World Cup team missing the first seven games of the season … played both on defense and at the forward slots ... scored the game-winning goal versus second-ranked Virginia in the NCAA Tournament … tallied two assists against Loyola (Md.) in the NCAA Tournament … recorded one goal and six assists … her six assists tied for fifth on the team … Capital One Academic All-America Third Team … Capital One Academic All-District III … played 1,213 minutes.
Sophomore (2011): Played in 26 games and made 25 starts ... winner of the Elite 89 Award, which goes to the student-athlete at the NCAA College Cup with the highest grade-point average ... named to the NCAA College Cup's All-Tournament Team ... earned All-ACC Second Team honors for the second straight year ... ranked fifth in TopDrawerSoccer's ACC player listing ... collected four matches with two goals ... named CollegeSoccer360.com Primetime Performer, after posting two goals in the NCAA College Cup ... ranked third on the team with 23 points, including six goals and an ACC-leading 11 assists ... led the ACC with a 0.42 assists per-game average ... tallied a goal and an assist on Aug. 26 in a 2-0 win against Houston and again on Oct. 23 in a 3-1 win over 14th-ranked Maryland ... scored two goals in a 4-1 win over seventh-ranked Wake Forest in the NCAA College Cup semifinals on Dec. 2 ... three of her six goals on the season were game-winning goals ... ranked third on the team with 58 total shots, 23 of which were on goal ... played a season-high 100 minutes on Sept. 29 against seventh-ranked Virginia ... played 1,689 minutes.
Freshman (2010): Soccer America First Team Freshman All-America ... earned spots on the NSCAA All-Southeast Region Third Team and the Duke Nike Classic All-Tournament Team ... named to the All-ACC Second Team and the All-ACC Freshman Team ... in ACC games, ranked ninth in points (12), fifth in goals (5), ninth in points per game (1.20) and fifth in goals per game (0.50) ... recorded three multiple-point performances against Francis Marion, Clemson and fourth-ranked North Carolina ... played in 21 games with 20 starts ... notched eight goals ... tallied five assists ... took 52 shots ... logged 1,566 minutes ... named to the All-ACC Academic Team.
Regional Team Experience: Member of her ODP regional squad since the age of 14 ... has traveled to Costa Rica, Portugal, and Italy with her Regional ODP squad.
High School/Club: Ranked as the 20th best player in the nation in the TopDrawerSoccer.com Girls 2010 Top 100 … listed as the second-best player in the South Atlantic Region … named the Gatorade National H.S. Player of the Year for 2010 ... tallied 130 goals and 65 assists in her career … all-time leading scorer in Durham Academy history ... four-time National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA) Youth All-America ... a five-year letterwinner … earned All-State four straight years ... All-Conference selection for five straight years … as a senior, totaled 29 goals and 10 assists in only 13 matches ... Gatorade North Carolina Player of the Year ... named to Parade's All-America High School Girls team as a junior and senior … North Carolina's Gatorade Girls Soccer Player of the Year as a junior and senior … All-America by ESPN Rise as a junior and senior … helped lead her Durham Academy squad to the state finals as a sophomore and to the state semifinals as a freshman and junior … named Conference Player of the Year as a junior and senior … USL Super-20 League North American Championship MVP in 2008 ... led her squad to the USL Super-20 League National Championship in 2008 and 2009 ... earned All-South distinction as a junior … voted team MVP three times … a member of the 91 Navy Triangle club team … contributed to her club team's North Carolina State Cup championship as a sophomore … named the 2009 NSCAA/adidas Girls High School Scholar Athlete of the Year … earned high honors for three straight years … served as class treasurer for four years … also served as a peer educator.
Personal: Mollie Elizabeth Pathman was born July 1, 1992, in Chapel Hill, N.C. … daughter of Don and Beth Pathman … has one brother, Josh (23) ... totaled a 3.97 GPA in high school ... in the Fall of 2010, Fall of 2012 and Spring of 2013, was named to the Dean's List with distinction and selected to the Dean's List in the Spring of 2011, Fall 2011, Spring 2012 and Fall of 2013 ... a three-time ACC Honor Roll selection ... a four-time All-ACC Academic Team selection ... majored in psychology along with obtaining a markets and management certificate.


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Wide receiver Chad Ochocinco is heading to Florida, saying Monday that he has signed with the Miami Dolphins.
The signing of the six-time Pro Bowler was reported on Ochocinco's website, OCNNReport.com. Earlier Monday, head coach Joe Philbin told The Miami Herald that Ochocinco had worked out for the team.
The Dolphins declined to comment about the signing of Ochocinco, who was released by the New England Patriots last week.
Miami has been in need of an impact wide receiver ever since the team traded Brandon Marshall to the Chicago Bears in April.
Ochocinco is an 11-year veteran, but his best days may be behind him. In 15 games with New England in 2011, he caught just 15 passes and was a very replaceable part of a dynamic offense. Ochocinco spent the first 10 years of his career with the Cincinnati Bengals, logging over 1,000 yards receiving seven times.
Having grown up in Miami and attended Miami Beach High School, Ochocinco was said to have the Dolphins atop his list of preferred destinations.
Ochocinco has a house in Miami and could also give the Dolphins some interesting intelligence regarding the Patriots' offense (though it would be easy to overstate the utility of his inside information).
Now that Marshall is gone, the Dolphins are left with a receiving corps that caught just 88 passes in 2011 for 1,105 yards and 4 touchdowns. Legedu Naanee, a free agent pickup, adds another 44 receptions for 467 yards, but no one currently on the roster provides the kind of big play ability that Marshall gave the team.
The 34-year-old Ochocinco might not be the man to replace Marshall, but the Dolphins seem willing to at least give him a shot. Owner Stephen Ross said of the team's receivers Monday, "We don't have a number one receiver, but we have a lot of dependable receivers."
Dolphins coach Joe Philbin said the Dolphins' interest in Ochocinco "is not an indictment of any of the players that we have; we like the players that we are working with at this point in time." Implying Ochocinco will have to play his way onto the roster, he added, "I don't think that it's any different than any position, you always evaluate your roster, again [general manager] Jeff [Ireland] and his guys turn over every stone and they look for ways to improve the club."
Even if he cannot make Dolfans forget Marshall, Ochocinco would at least bring some level of interest to the team with him. He legally changed his name from Chad Johnson in 2008 to mach his jersey number.
Ochocinco also appeared on "Dancing With the Stars" in 2010 and has been fined numerous times by the NFL for his colorful touchdown celebrations. One time he used an end zone pylon to "putt" the football; another time he Riverdanced.


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The man who has admitted to defacing Pablo Picasso's painting "Woman in a Red Armchair" at the Menil Collection in Houston last year is in custody this week after surrendering to authorities near the U.S.-Mexico border.
Uriel Landeros had been on the lam for six months since he spray-painted the work of art with stenciled images of a bullfighter, a bull and the Spanish word "conquista," or conquest. A witness captured what appeared to be the incident on camera and the video was uploaded to YouTube.
The Menil is one of the top art museums in the country and offers free admission to all visitors. The museum has since restored the painting.
IN CASE YOU MISSED IT: Oscars 2013
Landeros surrendered to authorities Tuesday at a point on the border near the town of McAllen, Texas, according to the Associated Press.
The vandal received his own gallery show last year titled "Houston, We Have a Problem." Landeros did not attend, as he was a fugitive.
Landeros has told reporters that his action in June was meant to be an act of defiance against social injustice.
In October, a Mark Rothko painting was vandalized at London's Tate Modern gallery. The vandal, a Polish man known as Wlodzimierz Umaniec, was eventually caught and sentenced to two years in jail.
Mark Rothko painting is defaced at the Tate Modern in London
Picasso painting vandalized at Menil Collection could be saved
Man accused of defacing Picasso gets his own art show in Houston
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Love a great view?
Looking for a relaxing stroll, refreshing hike, or strenuous run through the woods?
Want to learn more about the natural world?
Do this and more at Pfeiffer Nature Center!
Pfeiffer Nature Center is home to more than 676 acres of nature's bounty. Located in rural, southwestern New York State, you'll find miles of open-access hiking trails, a historic American Chestnut log cabin, great birding areas, a picturesque pavilion available for rent, and so much more!
The Nature Center has two beautiful properties to explore. The Lillibridge Property consists of 188 acres of forest and has a rustic American Chestnut log cabin listed in the National & State Registers of Historic Places. The front of the cabin offers a spectacular panoramic view of both nearby farms and distant mountaintops. A timber frame pavilion offers a covered shelter for picnics and other events in the meadow.
Perhaps the most notable and majestic feature of the property is the 20 acres of rare, old-growth forest. It includes large specimens of Eastern Hemlock, White Pine, Red and White Oak, American Beech, and more. Hikes on our six miles of marked foot-trails pass through a variety of forest ecotypes, such as coniferous and mixed deciduous forests. Our terraces and slopes that rise 700 feet above the valley hint at 350 million years of geologic history.
The Nature Center also owns 488 acres on Yubadam Road, the Eshelman Property, which has an active sugar bush, on-going scientific research projects, and a small farm. There are nearly 4 miles of trails through forests, meadows, transitional zones, near ponds and wetlands. More trails are being developed to support snowshoeing and cross country skiing.
For those who want to learn more about the natural world, the Nature Center offers interpretative opportunities in science, nature, and art through programs and events throughout the year.
Get to know Pfeiffer Nature Center – find a spot in our woods to enjoy peace and quiet, come to our programs, become a member, volunteer, enter our film festival, or choose countless other ways to get involved. We hope to see you soon!
Don't miss out on anything – join our electronic mailing list!
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