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The Tattoo Taboo and Permanent Make-Up Too
There is a widespread myth, especially among secular American Jews, that a Jew with a tattoo may not be buried in a Jewish cemetery[1]. This prevalent belief, whose origin possibly lies with Jewish Bubbies wanting to ensure that their grandchildren did not stray too far from the proper path, is truly nothing more than a common misconception with absolutely no basis in Jewish law. Jewish burial is not dependant on whether or not one violated Torah law, and tattooing is no different in this matter than any other Biblical prohibition.
This mistaken belief was personally hammered home to this author several years back, when my chavrusa, the indefatigable Rabbi Jeff Seidel, requested our hosting several secular youth for a Rosh Hashana meal. One stood out in particular, due both to his gargantuan buff size, as well as his every movement screaming military. This former U.S. soldier, in Jerusalem discovering his roots after returning from a tour of duty in Afghanistan, sported a few tattoos. Our four year-old daughter stared fascinated at the artwork along his arms and asked innocently why he had colored on himself. He replied, (as he dipped his challah into sugar[2]), that it was a "mistake", but she shouldn't worry because he was going to get them taken off since he wanted to be buried in a Jewish cemetery[3].
The Source
The Torah states[4], "You shall not etch a tattoo on yourselves, I am Hashem". This prohibition only applies if the individual performs a two-step process, perforating the skin and filling the resulting hole(s) with ink, causing the mark to become (at least semi-) permanent. The Mishna[5] and Gemara clarify that the Torah attached the extra "I am Hashem" to this proscription, demonstrating the significance that is inherent in this prohibition, as tattooing is connected to idolatry. The Rambam, Sefer Hachinuch, and Tur[6] explain that this prohibition originated as a Jewish response to idol worship and paganism, as it was common practice for them to tattoo themselves, essentially branding themselves publicly as idolaters, enslaved to whichever god they served. Judaism prohibited tattoos entirely, in order to completely disassociate itself from other religions.
Micro-pigmentation, also known as derma-pigmentation or permanent make-up, is a recent development in the world of beauty aids. This process entails a needle depositing colored pigments into the skin's dermal layer, the layer between the permanent base layer (where full tattoos are done, making them permanent) and the constantly changing outer layer, the epidermis. This procedure, usually done on the lips and around the eyes, giving a "just made-up" look, eliminates the need for tedious daily make-up application, and is semi-permanent, lasting between three to five years.[7] The question becomes, is derma-pigmentation permitted by Torah law, or is it intrinsically just another form of prohibited tattooing?
The answer is based on understanding several nuances in the Biblical prohibition.
What is Writing?
The term used by the Torah to refer to tattooing, is "Kesoves ka'ka", literally "writing incisions". The fact that the Torah calls tattooing a form of writing leads many Rishonim to infer that the Biblical prohibition expressly refers to writing at least one actual letter[8]. Others do not accept this conjecture, and maintain that all tattooing is assur min HaTorah[9]. However, all agree any other type of tattoo such as a picture or shape would still be forbidden, at least Rabbinically.
Pondering Permanence
One of a proper tattoo's hallmarks is its permanence, with a lifetime guarantee. This is due to ink being injected deep in the subcutaneous dermis, and showing through the epidermis (outer layer of skin). Many Rishonim therefore conclude that the Biblical prohibition specifically refers to a permanent tattoo which will last a lifetime; all other tattoos involving skin piercing would only be prohibited Rabbinically[10]. However, it must be noted that other Rishonim make no mention of such a condition of permanence in the original Biblical prohibition[11].
Idolatrous Intent
Additionally, it is possible that one violates the prohibition of tattooing on a Biblical level only if his intention is for idolatry. As mentioned previously, one of the purposes of this commandment was to noticeably keep the Jews separate from their pagan and idolatrous neighbors. Several authorities, including the Chasam Sofer, surmise that if one would tattoo himself for an entirely different purpose, he would have violated a Rabbinic injunction against tattooing and not the full Biblical one[12]. Yet, other authorities are hesitant to recognize this supposition and maintain that intent is irrelevant; all tattooing is assur min HaTorah[13].
Managing Micro-pigmentation
So where does that leave us with micro-pigmentation?It would seem that at the very least it would fall under the Rabbinic prohibition of tattooing, if not the full Biblical one. Yet, dependant on how the Rishonim understood the Biblical prohibition, there are some mitigating factors. First of all, cosmetic tattooing of permanent make-up is not "written" in letters, nor is it actually permanent, instead lasting for several years. Additionally, since there is no idolatrous intent, rather its being performed in the name of beauty, has led several authorities to permit its use[14]. However, the vast majority of contemporary authorities reject such leniency, with the near unanimous view forbidding such procedures, maintaining that even with such rationales, derma-pigmentation would still, at the very least, fall under the Rabbinic prohibition of tattooing[15].
Yet, in case of extraordinary circumstances, such as pressing medical need, or preserving human dignity (Kavod Habrios) such as scar removal or blemish correction, many contemporary authorities are inclined to permit such procedures, as according to most Rishonim cosmetic tattooing would merely violate a Rabbinic injunction, and the Gemara states "one may violate a Rabbinic prohibition to preserve human dignity[16]". This would be similar to undergoing elective cosmetic corrective surgery, which would be permitted, even though there is a prohibition against inflicting a wound upon oneself[17]. However, the consensus is that "just for the sake of beauty" does not seem to be enough of a reason to allow a halachic dispensation for cosmetic tattooing.
To sum up the Torah perspective on the matter, I quote the words of mv"r[18] Rabbi Yonason Wiener[19] in a related interview with the Jerusalem Post, "The ancient Greeks worshipped their bodies and tried to annihilate the small Jewish minority who saw man as more than muscle and flesh. This was a battle of superficiality against spiritually. Tattooing represents the Greek ideal that beauty is skin deep. We won the battle of Chanuka but the war continues to this day. The Jewish religion is more than skin deep!![20]"
The author would like to acknowledge Rabbi Chaim Jachter's relevant comprehensive article which appears in his recent book "Gray Matter' vol. 3, ppg. 67 - 78, which served as the impetus for my interest and research for this article.
For any questions, comments or for the full Mareh Mekomos / sources, please email the author: email@example.com
Disclaimer: These are just a few basic guidelines and overview of the Halacha discussed in this article. This is by no means a complete comprehensive authoritative guide, but rather a brief summary to raise awareness of the issue. One should not compare similar cases in order to rules in any real case, but should refer his questions to a competent Halachic authority.
[1]See Rabbi Dr. Ari Z. Zivotofsky's excellent article on the OU website: Jews With Tattoos.
[2]This former soldier astoundingly claimed that he followed all minhagim of the Ben Ish Hai (as he put it). See Kaf Hachaim (O.C. 583, 4) that one may also dip his challah into sugar and not necessarily honey on Rosh Hashana (after dipping into salt, of course. See earlier article "Salting With Sugar".)
[3]However, generally one is not obligated to try to get his tattoo removed. See Shu"t Mimamakim (vol. 4, 22, from Rav Efraim Oshry - a Holocaust survivor himself) who advised Holocaust survivors not to remove their tattoos, but to rather wear them as badges of honor. Regarding someone who had an inappropriate tattoo on his arm where lays his tefillin, see Shu"t Minchas Yitzchak (vol. 3, 11) and Shu"t B'tzeil HaChochma (vol. 5, 81; in the next responsum - 82, he discusses at length the halachic permissibility of various options of tattoo removal). See also Rav Eliyahu Bakshi Doron's article in Techumin vol. 22, ppg. 387 - 391.
[4]Vayikra (Parshas Kedoshim) Ch. 19, verse 28.
[5]Makkos 21a and following Gemara.
[6]Rambam (Hilchos Avoda Zara Ch.12, 11), Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 253), Tur (Y"D 180). This issur is also codified in the Shulchan Aruch (Y"D 180), Chochmas Adam (89, 11), Ben Ish Chai (Year 2 Masei 15), and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch (169, 1).
[7]There are three different methods of "permanent make-up", all of which use a needle to pierce the flesh and have ink added: Manual method (SofTap), Reciprocating Machine (Coil), and Rotary Machine (Pen Machine).
[8]Including the Tosafos Yeshanim (m'ksav yad, cited in sefer Nassan Piryo on Gemara Makkos 21a), Tosafos Rabbeinu Peretz (ad loc.), Piskei Tosafos (Makkos, 32), Sma"k (Mitzvah 72), Sefer HaChinuch (Mitzvah 253), Bartenura (Maakos Ch. 3, Mishna 6 s.v. kasav), Orchos Chaim (vol. 2, 22, 4), Shu"t Me'il Tzedaka (31, cited in Pischei Teshuva Y"D 180, 1), Shu"t Mutzal Me'aish (51), Shu"t Zera Emes (vol. 3, Y"D 111), and Chida (Birkei Yosef Y"D 180, 1 & 2; Machzik Bracha O.C. 340, 3).
[9]Including the Ra'avad (Toras Kohanim, Parshas Kedoshim 86), Ra"sh MiShantz (Parshas Kedoshim 3, 6, 10), Yad HaKetanah (Hilchos Avoda Zara, Lo Taaseh 37, Minchas Ani 87), Minchas Chinuch (Mitzvah 253, 5 & 7), and Aruch LaNer (Makkos 21a). Additionally, the Rambam and Rashi make no mention of the "requirement" of tattooing actual letters.
[10]Including Rashi (Vayikra Ch. 19, 28; Gittin 20b s.v. kesoves), Ritva (Makkos 21b s.v. hakosev), Rivan (Makkos 21b s.v. hakosev), Ohr Zarua (vol. 1, 716), Sefer HaChinuch (ibid.), and Piskei Tosafos (Gittin 73). See also Rav Chaim Kanievski's Passhegen HaKsav (Ch. 6) who proves that most Rishonim hold this way as well, that there is no issur deoraysa unless the tattoo is permanent.
[11]Nimukei Yosef (Makkos 21a) and Peirush Rabbeinu Yonason (ad loc.). Additionally, neither the Rambam nor Shulchan Aruch mention a specific requirement for permanence in the Biblical prohibition of tattooing. See also Shu"t Lehoros Nosson (vol. 10, 64, 10) who maintains that lasting several years may also be considered "permanent", similar to the laws of tying on Shabbos, where a knot that would last only several months is nonetheless referred to as a permanent knot.
[12]Tosefta (Makkos Ch.3, 9; cited in Biur HaGr"a Y"D 180, 1), Rabbeinu Yerucham (Sefer Ha'Adam, Nesiv 17, cheilek 5), Chasam Sofer (glosses to Gittin 20b, Tosafos s.v. bkesuva), Maharam Shick (Sefer HaMitzvos, 254), Shu"t Shoel U'Meishiv (Tinyana, vol. 1, 49), and the Get Pashut (124, 30; cited in Minchas Chinuch 253, 6). See also Rav Chaim Kanievski's Passhegen HaKsav (Ch. 9) who proves that most Rishonim hold this way as well, that there is no issur deoraysa unless the tattoo is done lsheim avoda zara.
[13]Tosafos (Gittin 20b s.v. bksovet), Aruch LaNer (ibid.), Minchas Chinuch (ibid.) concludes tzarich iyun to say such a leniency. Additionally, the Rambam and Shulchan Aruch make no mention of the "requirement" of tattooing exclusively for idol worship, implying that no matter what one's intent is, tattooing would still be prohibited Biblically.
[14]They maintain that if one's purpose in getting permanent make-up is exclusively for beauty, then that is enough to override '3 derabbanans'. These poskim include Rav Ovadiah Yosef (Taharas HaBayis vol. 3, Dinei Chatzitza 8, ppg. 29 - 34), Rav Avigdor Nebenzahl (cited in Taharas HaBayis ibid.), and Rav Ezra Batzri (Techumin vol. 10, pg. 282; author of Shu"t Shaarei Ezra). Rav Matis Deutsch (Shu"t Nesivos Adam vol. 1, 43) is inclined to permit it for beauty purposes as well, but concludes that most authorities do not accept this reasoning.
[15]Including Rav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv (cited in Techumin vol. 18 pg. 114), Rav Y.Y. Fischer (ibid.), Rav Shmuel HaLevi Wosner (Shu"t Shevet HaLevi vol. 10, 137), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (cited in Nishmas Avraham vol. 2 -Y"D 180, pg. 132 s.v u'lchorah, who maintains that in a similar case, when the prohibition was derabbanan, Rav Shlomo Zalman only permitted it to correct an actual blemish, and not for beauty purposes), Rav Chaim Kanievsky (cited in Shu"t Nesivos Adam ibid., 24), the Mishpetei Uziel (Shu"t, new edition vol. 2, Y"D 22, 3, pg. 89, who, in a similar case, only permitted for medical reasons), the B'tzeil HaChochma (ibid., who, in a similar case only permitted for medical need, extenuating circumstances, or bmakom mitzvah), the Lehoros Nosson (Shu"t ibid., who maintains that we should pasken each of these machlokesim lechumra, as if they were all deoraysa), the Shraga HaMeir (Shu"t vol. 8, 44 & 45, who only permits for medical need), the Rivevos Efraim (responsum in Shu"t Shav V'Rafa vol. 1 pg. 156 - 157, who only permits for medical need), the Megilas Sefer (on O.C. and Y"D, 16), the Shav V'Rafa (Shu"t vol. 1, 45, who only permits for medical need ), and Rav Baruch Shraga (Techumin vol. 18, ppg. 110 - 114, who only permits for medical need).
[16]Brachos 19b.
[17]See Gemara Bava Kamma 91b, Tosafos ad loc. (s.v. ela hai), and Shu"t Igros Moshe (C.M. vol. 2, 66).
[18]Mori V'Rebbi - my teacher and rebbi
[19]In a relevant interview with the Jerusalem Post, "Tattoo Crazy Israelis".
[20]See Shu"t Shevet HaLevi (vol. 6, 33, 2, s.v. ul'idach) who, in a discussion unrelated to tattoos, discourages women from wearing excessive make-up, citing the Gemara Shabbos 62b, which states that excessive cosmetics was one of the reasons for the destruction of the Beis HaMikdash. In a subsequent responum, (Shu"t vol. 10, 137), Rav Wosner further adds permanent make-up to this category as well.
Disclaimer: This is not a comprehensive guide, rather a brief summary to raise awareness of the issues. In any real case one should ask a competent Halachic authority.
L'iluy Nishmas the Rosh HaYeshiva - Rav Chonoh Menachem Mendel ben R' Yechezkel Shraga, Rav Yaakov Yeshaya ben R' Boruch Yehuda, and l'zchus for Shira Yaffa bas Rochel Miriam and her children for a yeshua teikef u'miyad!


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2) Place 140g of the chocolate in a heatproof bowl set over a pan of simmering water. Stir until completely melted. Remove it from heat and stir in the remaining 140g chocolate until thoroughly smooth. Spoon 1/2 teaspoon melted chocolate onto prepared pan to form a small disk. Dip the balloon into the disk of chocolate, coating about a third of the balloon. Place the dipped end of the balloon on the chocolate disk. Repeat with remaining chocolate and balloons. Place in the refrigerator to set, about 30 minutes.
3) In order to release the air from the balloon, pinch the balloon just under the knot and cut a small hole in the surface between fingers and knot. Very gradually release air; if air is released too quickly, the bowls may break. Carefully peel the deflated balloons from the chocolate bowls.

subset: commoncrawl


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Oregon & Nevada
Human Performance
Biomechanical Engineering
Vehicle Accidents/Occupant Kinematics
Industrial Design and Safety/Human Factors
Slips, Trips and Falls
Product Liability
Princeton University; Princeton, NJ; 1960; B.S.E.
East Stroudsburg State College; East Stroudsburg, PA; 1970; M.Ed.
Indiana University; Bloomington, IN; 1973; Ph.D.
Undergraduate Major Area: Engineering
Graduate Major Area: Human Performance: Biomechanics/Kinesiology
Graduate Minor Area: Motor Learning, Computer Science, Statistics and Design
2000- Adjunct Professor: University of Nevada-Las Vegas; Las Vegas, NV
1997- Professor Emeritus: University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
1985-1996 Professor: University of Oregon, Eugene, OR Director: Biomechanics Laboratory, Eugene, OR
1991-1996 Head: Dept. of Exercise and Movement Science; University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
1984- President: BioDynamics Foundation; Eugene, OR
1984-90 Vice President; Bio-Dynamics Corporation, Eugene, OR
1982-84 Founder, President; Bio-Dynamics Corporation; Senior Scientist; Eugene, OR
1979-85 Associate Professor; University of Oregon; Director: Biomechanics Laboratory 1974-79 Assistant Professor; University of Oregon; Director: Biomechanics Laboratory
1973-74 Assistant Professor; University of Massachusetts; Amherst, MA
1970-73 Graduate Student; Indiana University; Bloomington, IN
1968-70 Director of Athletics; Blair Academy; Blairstown, NJ
1964-70 Teacher of Mathematics; Blair Academy, Head Coach, Football; Blairstown, NJ
1963-64 Teacher of Mathematics; Randor High School, Assistant Coach; Wayne, PA
1960-63 Officer, U.S. Navy
Vehicle Accidents/Occupant Kinematics
Three separate incidents to determine which, of two occupants involved in. fatal auto accidents was driving. Vehicle and site inspection data plus evaluation of injuries were incorporated in the analysis to determine who was driving.
Comparative analysis of the effect of a seat belt on injury prevention and restraint versus the actual outcome of ejection and resulting injuries. Vehicle dynamics were examined and their effect on occupant dynamics evaluated and compared to recorded injuries.
A number of cases involving low to medium speed rear-end impacts. Cases are typically evaluated using risk factors and occupant kinematics to identify injury mechanisms. Consistency between actions and injuries play an important role
Industrial Design and Safety/Human Factors
Determination of contributing factors in. several, nail gun accidents. Issues assessed included the adequacy of the design relative to human performance capabilities, expected use patterns and use and effect of warnings.
Evaluation of the adequacy of the design of a machine relative to safety when cleaning and operating. The evaluation included site and product examination coupled with an analysis of human perceptions and expectations.
Slip Trip and Falls
Evaluation of numerous slip, trip and fall accidents to determine the contributions of the individuals versus the environment. These cases typically involve a detailed evaluation of the site in. relationship to the perceptions, expectations and assumptions of the individual. Evaluation of the causes of a fall while descending a stairway. The primary issue was whether small deviations in. riser heights and tread slopes could alter performance sufficiently to result in. the claimed fall..
Product Liability
Several instances involving shoe failures (including golf, walking and baseball shoes) have been evaluated to determine their effect on injuries while properly performing the activity.
|scientific analysis chemical
|director electrophysiology
|computer science patent
|appraisal review analysis
|contact allergy
|communications telecomm 1553
|construction piping
|medical credentialing
|disability claims consultant
|cardiac catheterization
|commercial underwriter
|operating architectures
|industrial hygiene
|abuse investigations
|anesthesiologist critical care
|insurance claims medical
|computer keyword searches


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Consumers beware! Average Legal Costs For Small Business in River Club did you know that anybody who is interested in being a general contractor in Washington State and has the petty cash of $109.70 for a license and a bond fee of only $12,000.00, is able to work at this professional trade? A specialty contractor's bond is only $6,000.00. No knowledge or testing required. Rip-offs are welcome.
This means Joe Blow, without any experience–or at best, minimal knowledge, may be hired to build your house. Then Mr. Blow will turn around and hire incompetent sub-contractor's or specialty sub-contractors, breach the contract, file bankruptcy, be forgiven in court for the debts they owe at the homeowner's expense and cause numerous liens on their property.
Then these wannabe contractors are able to recycle their crime and start another business under another name, over and over again. Business Lawyers Near Me guess what? It's all legal in Washington State and they know this. This careless practice and fraudulent crime against homeowners and taxpayers are not tolerable in such states as California and Florida. This is another reason that there is so much construction going on in the State of Washington. It's easy-pickings for contractor criminals.
Consumers Beware of Unscrupulous Contractors and Attorneys
The property owner has the burden of proof. They are the victims. Fraud has a different meaning in Washington State. In bankruptcy court, fraud is very hard to prove. If proven against the contractor, the homeowner has a slight chance of seeking a judgment, but collecting that is another challenge. All these crooks have to explain is they went over their heads in expense. The fact is they underestimate the job, usually on purpose. In their trade, the terminology is called "low-balling." They take draws of money from what the property owner has paid, then fund other projects and don't pay their supplier's bills they have in the victim's name. This results with liens on the property owner.
The sub-contractor are protected under the responsibilities of the general contractor, whatever that is worth. Be acquainted with everybody who sets their foot on your property. Write down company names and vehicle license numbers. And if you file a lawsuit and hire an attorney, make double sure the lawyer is competent. Call your state Bar Association to check the status regarding disciplinary actions or complaints against the attorney you choose.
What Does a Civil Lawyer Do?
There are reliable, capable and honest people who work as contractors and lawyers, Will Attorney Near Me but the crooked and incompetent ones have put them few and far between, and that truly is a shame.
My chalet-style house has been completed now for three years, but it stood in limbo for seven months in a tangled web of failed inspections and citations. I use to pride myself in the decisions I made in business and investments, but now I am so skeptical of the system and how it works against victims, like myself. My experience was a devastating blow to my confidence and trust.
Perhaps readers will join my cause for justice. The rules and laws are too slack and unjust. Just remember wherever you live, in whatever state, please protect yourself and your investment. Be cautious, alert and informative about your decisions when hiring a general contractor or specialty contractor. And it also goes for the attorney you hire. Pass this information and advice to your family and friends, "consumers beware of unscrupulous contractors and attorneys."
Average Legal Costs For Small Business in River Club ?
When you see all these handsome Lawyers in TV series like LA Law, sitting in their fancy offices, driving these flashy cars, have you ever realized what they have been through in terms of time, years of education, money, certifications, etc...
Let me Describe to you the Lawyers course of training. Formal educational requirements for lawyers include a 4-year college degree, 3 years in law school, and the passing of a written bar examination.
Competition for admission to most law schools is intense. prospective lawyers should develop proficiency in writing and speaking, reading, researching, analyzing, and thinking logically--skills needed to succeed both in law school and in the profession.
Regardless of major, a multidisciplinary background is recommended. Courses in English, foreign languages, public speaking, government, philosophy, history, economics, mathematics, and computer science, among others, are useful. Students interested in a particular aspect of law may find related courses helpful. For example, prospective patent lawyers need a strong background in engineering or science, and future tax lawyers must have extensive knowledge of accounting.
The practice of law involves a great deal of responsibility. Individuals planning careers in law should like to work with people and be able to win the respect and confidence of their clients, associates, and the public. Perseverance, creativity, and reasoning ability also are essential to lawyers, who often analyze complex cases and handle new and unique legal problems.
Lawyers held about 695,000 jobs in 2002. About 3 out of 4 lawyers practiced privately, either in law firms or in solo practices. Most of the remaining lawyers held positions in government and with corporations and nonprofit organizations.
(Source: http://www.bls.gov)
For Additional information:
Lexington Law - Credit Attorneys
When a company or an individual is unable to repay a loan, the individual or the company is considered to be bankrupt. Sometimes companies incur heavy financial losses. For example, a printing firm gets 80 percent of its total income from a single publisher. If the publisher diverts its order to a different company, the printer loses a large portion of its total income. The printing firm becomes bankrupt.
Bankruptcy involves two parties: the debtor and the creditor. The debtor is the party in debt, who owes money to the creditor. A debtor can be a company or an individual. The creditor is an organization or individual to whom the debtor owes money. Most bankruptcy cases involve several creditors. There are basically three types of bankruptcy.
After this, on the direction of the court, the trustee sells all of debtor's non-exempt assets for the benefit of the creditors. Finally, the debtor is discharged and all debts, with some exceptions, are written off. http://www.floridabar.org, the official web site of the Florida Bar Association (the regulatory body of all practicing lawyers in the state), publishes several pamphlets, including one entitled `Bankruptcy,' for the general public. The website also has a lawyer referral service to locate Bar-Certified bankruptcy lawyers in Florida.


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Our resident IT consultant Scott Shrieke shares his expertise in the world of tech.
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- Email this
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Hackers have managed to get 250,000 user names and passwords out of Twitter recently which has created a scare for its users.
Twitter has locked the accounts in question but there could still be many more that have been breached.
According to Scott, because of the secure way Twitter is set up, this hacking points to a rather sophisticated operation and is a good reminder of the importance of password safety on the internet.
He says "If you use the same password for everything you do on the internet, it's probably time you stopped doing that and started using one password for each online function."
But if you're forgetful, that's easier said than done.
One suggestion Scott has is to go "old school" and write your passwords down on a piece of paper.
"People think that's going to be a really big security risk, but the only time it's going to be a security risk is if someone actually physically breaks into your home or office and steals that little black book" he says.
Also this week, a listener also offers up a solution for anyone confused and deflated by Windows 8 for desktop and Scott talks mobile data usage.
If you want to get in touch with the Morning Show's Hardware Guru Scott Schrieke, you can call in to the show each Tuesday from 10am to 10.30am or contact Scott on his facebook page.


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Archived Publications
contain dated information
that do not reflect current
WDFW regulations or policy.
These documents are provided
for archival purposes only.!
WDFW Publications
Climate Change Effects on Freshwater Aquatic and Riparian Habitats in Washington State
Climate Change Science
Date Published: May 28, 2010
Number of Pages: 42
This paper is intended as a reference document—a "science summaryâ€â€" for the Ecosystems, Species, and Habitats Topic Advisory Group (TAG), which is one of four topic groups working with state agencies to prepare a statewide Integrated Climate Change Response Strategy. The climate change response strategy was initiated by the state legislature (SB 5560) to help the state adapt to climate change.
The purpose of this paper is to provide TAG members with information on potential climate change effects on fish, wildlife, habitats, and ecosystems in freshwater environments so as to inform the assessment of priorities and the development of recommendations about adaptation responses. The paper is intended to summarize and organize relevant literature regarding observed changes, future projections and implications for biological communities.
This document draws from synthesis reports, government publications, non-profit publications, and peer-reviewed studies. These include the two primary reference documents for the Integrated
Climate Change Response Strategy, which are:
This document is for discussion purposes only and is not intended to be published or cited. In many cases, this document uses language taken directly from the cited sources. Readers should refer to and cite the primary sources of information.
Please note that we accepted information as it was presented in synthesis reports. Readers may wish to return to the primary sources utilized in those synthesis reports for more information. In cases where we accepted the interpretation of primary information as it was stated in a secondary source, we have provided the following note in the footnote: "Information as cited in [secondary source].â€
As with most summary or synthesis efforts, this document reports the central findings from published literature and typically does not address the inherent complexity and uncertainty that may be present. This is especially true of future projections, which are often based on multimodel ensembles that do not perfectly capture the complexity of Washington's unique climate systems and geographic variability. These projections are valuable primarily to identify a directional trend and a sense of magnitude. As an example of the inherent uncertainty of future projections, the WACCIA notes that multi-model ensembles of global climate projections may under-represent the local severity of climate change.1
This paper is a joint production of National Wildlife Federation and Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife. Dan Siemann and Erin Morgan led the effort from NWF and Ken Warheit led the effort from WDFW. This draft benefitted from the review and input of Doug Inkley (NWF) and many WDFW scientists, including John Kerwin, Casey Baldwin, Dan Ayres, Mara Zimmerman, Marc Hayes, Tim Quinn, John Pierce, Hal Beecher and David Price.
We must emphasize that this discussion draft is neither comprehensive nor complete. In this complex and rapidly evolving field, we do not expect that we have identified all of the most upto- date data or presented the complexity of climate projections. In addition, there are many gaps in knowledge, especially regarding climate change effects on specific habitats or locations. Still, we hope that this provides a starting point for discussion, and that readers will augment
1 Salathé, et al. (2009) Regional climate model projections for the State of Washington. In: WACCIA
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Baja California Travel Guide
El Arco, Cabo San Lucas © Stan Shebs
Baja California is a long thin peninsula running parallel to the west coast of the Mexican mainland, separated by the Gulf of California or Sea of Cortez. It is divided into two states, Baja California Norte in the north and the southern region of Baja California Sur, and extends from Tijuana on the American border down to Cabo San Lucas at the peninsula's tip.
Baja is one of the least humid places on earth with an intensely dry climate. It is a diverse geographical area providing remarkable contrasts. This is a wildly beautiful place of unusual scenery and dramatic colour changes, of exquisitely azure bays and miles of fine white beaches, rocky cliffs giving way to dry mountainous slopes covered in a stunning display of cactus plants. The interior is harsh and undeveloped, while the coast is dotted with attractive resorts and modern towns. The protected gulf is home to more endemic species than anywhere else in the world; the warm waters are rich in marine life, and the protected waters on the Pacific coast are an important breeding ground for whales. Most resort tour operators arrange whale watching trips from January to March.
A journey down the trans-peninsula highway conveys many surprises, from the bulging and frenetic activity of the modern city of Tijuana, with its tacky souvenir shops and thriving gambling scene, to the oasis town of San Ignacio, a beautiful respite from the hot Vizcaíno Desert on its fringes, with some extraordinary cave paintings nearby. From the peaceful laid-back village of Mulegé to the tranquil port of La Paz, with a colonial centre and spectacular sunsets, and the charming traditional Mexican town of Todos Santos in the south, there are a great variety of places to explore and enjoy. The UNESCO-listed Sierra de la Laguna Biosphere Reserve, in the mountains south of La Paz, is a wonderful playground for hikers, mountain bikers and nature lovers. The Baja Peninsula also boasts the best seafood and wine in Mexico.
There is an efficient bus system that covers the distance between Tijuana and Los Cabos in 24 hours on the Trans-peninsula highway, stopping at towns along the way. Car and passenger ferry services connect Baja to the Mexican mainland and there are airports at Tijuana and near Los Cabos. Car rental companies can be found in the larger cities and at airports, although the Trans-peninsula highway is narrow and routinely travelled by trucks. Within the towns there are plenty of taxis and collectivos (shared taxi vans) for hire.


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The weather has been super crappy in Stockholm today, a rainy and grey Sunday, so what is the best thing to do on such a day?! Baking and blogging of course:-) I've browsed through an obscene amount of food and baking blogs today to find inspiration for baking and to share some of my findings with you guys.
We all love cupcakes so here are a few mouthwatering recipes for your inspiration.
Why not try these decadent Double Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough Cupcakes from Just Putzing Around the Kitchen.
These Chocolate salted caramel Cupcakes sounds totally irresistible! Check out more pics at Brown Eyed Baker.
Yum Yum, sweet and citrusy Orange Creamsicle Cupcakes from Spabettie.
These Carrot Cake Cupcakes are on my baking list! I love carrot cake!! Check out Ambrosia's blog for more delicious recipes.
Bananas and chocolate is a heavenly combination, Easy Banana Cupcakes from Your Cup of Cake
October 21, 2012
Cupcake Inspiration
3 comments:
Thanks for stopping by! I LOVE comments and I read them all, but may not respond to all:-)
XOXO Johanna
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When the Wagner Charter Company of Chicago announced plans to scuttle the motor vessel Buccaneer in Lake Michigan in 2008, few outside of the local marina community took notice. There was certainly not the furor she once kindled. The 100-foot Buccaneer had begun life in 1925 as the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Dexter, one of 13 high-endurance patrol boats constructed by Defoe Boat and Motor Works of Bay City, Michigan. As part of a major congressional funding increase, the craft joined other classes of patrol boats that the press termed "the Dry Navy."
These small cutters, each with a crew of 15, armed with a single deck gun and assorted small arms, joined the maritime war against the "blacks" or "rumrunners." In 1927, to aid in liquor interdiction along the Gulf Coast, the Dexter and five others of her class transferred from Boston to Pascagoula, Mississippi.1 Two years later the Dexter would sink the British-flagged Canadian rum schooner I'm Alone 200 miles south of Louisiana and ignite a tinderbox of headlines and accusations, bringing into question the manner in which the 18th Amendment—Prohibition—was being enforced at sea.
Wet Cargoes and Torn Dollars
The Volstead Act became the enforcement mechanism of the 18th Amendment in January 1920. The new law, banning the sale, manufacture, and importation of alcoholic beverages in the United States, presented great challenges to authorities tasked with enforcing it. It thus had a significant impact on the U.S. Coast Guard; directives of 1923 authorized the Guard's use of "all necessary force" to enforce laws at sea including liquor interdiction. In an attempt to circumvent enforcement efforts, criminal syndicates registered the majority of smuggling craft in Canadian or British ports.2
The I'm Alone was built in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, in 1923 to engage in the rum trade and became well known in New England waters.3 The 205-ton schooner carried only jib, jumbo, foresail, and storm trysail. But she was also powered by two 100-horsepower Fairbanks-Morse diesel engines. According to her captain, Jack Randell, her top speed was nine knots under sail and diesel power. The I'm Alone departed New England waters in November 1928, and when Captain Randell opened his sealed syndicate orders off Cuba, he learned he would be making runs from Belize to coastal Louisiana, navigating his mother ship outside of U.S. territorial waters and providing cases of preordered liquor to the mosquito boats running out from the bayous of south Louisiana. A torn dollar bill served as both recognition code and receipt for the liquor: Randell would match his half with the customer's, indicating the load had been paid for.
In late November 1928, the I'm Alone sailed in the vicinity of the Trinity Shoals Light buoy, south of Marsh Island, Louisiana, with a full cargo. The Coast Guard patrol boat Wolcott, commanded by Warrant Officer Frank Paul, sighted and trailed the schooner to the southeast. The cutter stayed close astern until the moon went down. In the dark of a now moonless sky, Randell outmaneuvered the Wolcott with a zigzag pattern and resumed trolling in his original position. After two days a boat came alongside. Her skipper and the rumrunner matched their dollar halves, the liquor was transferred, and Randell proceeded back to Belize for another load of illicit cargo.4
At the time of that first brush with the Wolcott, Randell suspected a fishing boat on Trinity Shoals that never seemed to actually fish was, in fact, a lookout. The rum captain believed the boat was telegraphing potential targets to the Coast Guard, which would then dispatch or divert a cutter. Although Randell's suspicion was not confirmed, the newly formed Coast Guard intelligence office had been targeting I'm Alone radio traffic since 1925.5
Once resupplied in Belize, Randell took the I'm Alone back to his station near Trinity Shoals Light. This time, before any liquor could be offloaded, the Coast Guard cutter Dexter, commanded by Warrant Officer Alfred W. Powell, was sighted closing fast. The Dexter stayed closer to the schooner than the Wolcott had done, at some points closing to within a few hundred yards. Darkness, however, enabled the seasoned rumrunner to outmaneuver and lose the Dexter as he had the Wolcott. Randell kept his rendezvous and proceeded back to Belize for another load.
'I'll Make You a Bet . . . I'll Get Him!'
The I'm Alone had become the Moby Dick to the Captain Ahabs of the Coast Guard's Offshore Patrol Squadron. Randell learned through the rumrunner grapevine in Belize that the captain of the Dexter had made him a special target. Powell, a seasoned World War I veteran of subchasers, seethed, so the story went, because the schooner had slipped away. The Coast Guard skipper, known by the rumrunners as hardboiled, faced the ridicule of a gathering of smugglers. One man told Randell that he had said to Captain Powell that "smart as you are, the I'm Alone will outwit you every time." Powell had replied, "I'll make you a bet . . . that the next time I meet up with that old [S.O.B.], I'll get him!"6
On 20 March 1929, the I'm Alone arrived five miles west of Trinity Shoals Light with more than 3,000 cases of liquor on board—a $62,000 cargo. At 0600 the Wolcott's now-Captain Frank Paul sighted the schooner (checking his position as 10.8 miles from shore), which tried to escape with all sails deployed. Once again the rumrunner found the Wolcott steaming toward her. Captain Paul hailed Randell via megaphone that he wanted to come aboard and talk to him. Randell replied, "You can shoot and sink me, but be damned if you will board me." The Wolcott then hoisted flags on the signal halyard, ordering the I'm Alone to heave-to. Randell signaled back "no" and shouted that he would shoot any Coast Guardsman who tried to board his ship. Paul ordered small arms (including a Thompson submachine gun) issued to his crew, while sailors manned the cutter's 3-inch deck gun.7
Realizing that the schooner intended to proceed beyond the 12-mile limit, the Wolcott signaled a passing steamer, the Hadnot, to log the position of the I'm Alone. Two more hours passed before Randell finally slowed and allowed Paul to board him as long as the Coast Guard skipper came alone and unarmed. Another crewman rowed Paul to the schooner in a dinghy. As they approached, the Wolcott's crew readied the deck gun. In accordance with a request from Randell, Paul ordered his gun crew to stand away from their post. Less than two hours later, having discussed what constituted treaty limitations and law-enforcement jurisdictions on the high seas, Paul and the other sailor returned to the Wolcott having gained a sense of the kind of adversary they confronted. According to his memoir, Randell also offered Paul a drink, which the officer turned down before departing the schooner.8
On board the Wolcott, Paul ordered the crew to make preparations to seize the I'm Alone. The two vessels had parted but remained in sight of each other when the Wolcott began to speed up and again hoisted the heave-to signal. The cutter had received a radio order from the Treasury Department regarding the I'm Alone, to "use all force to seize her." Captain Paul ordered the rumrunner to stop and be taken or the cutter would open fire. Randell ignored the order, and the Wolcott fired two blank saluting rounds. Live rounds followed, fired high over the schooner to convince Randell to stop. Getting close enough to the I'm Alone, a Wolcott crewman opened fire with a Thompson submachine gun loaded with "wax bullets" similar to riot-control rounds. A bullet struck Randell in the leg. After 25 minutes of continuous fire, the Wolcott's deck gun misfired, lodging a projectile in the barrel. The ejected shell injured one of the crew. The Wolcott radioed Coast Guard Gulf Division headquarters in Mobile, Alabama, for assistance.9
'Heave To or Be Fired On!'
Upon receiving the report from the Wolcott that she had engaged the rumrunner, the division headquarters ordered the cutters Dallas, Forward, and Dexter to join the chase. Paul sent the Wolcott's situation report: "Have shot through sails, also British flag . . . Master appears desperate. Have not enough men to board her. Will take long chance if other boats do not arrive tomorrow." The Wolcott dropped back but remained in pursuit, while Randell, using semaphore, signaled that Wolcott had "mutilated my flag."10
Already on patrol in the Gulf, the Dallas diverted on the evening of 20 March, changing course for the Wolcott's position at 1615 hours. She proceeded in the direction of the continuing pursuit, but problems with one of her engines caused her to move at a slower than normal speed. The Dexter was in port at Pascagoula when Warrant Officer Powell got her under way, minus two crewmen, at 1730. Two days later, the Dexter began to close on the rumrunner in choppy seas. Powell remained angry that the I'm Alone had eluded him in the past.11 The Wolcott reportedly radioed the Dexter not to open fire due to the choppy seas, but Powell ignored this warning.
The Dexter came upon the I'm Alone, approaching out of the southwest, just after 0800 on 22 March. Powell hailed the schooner with the now-familiar megaphone order: "Heave to or be fired on!"12
The Dexter shot off two saluting rounds before she commenced throwing live ammunition at the schooner at 0815. According to Randell, "explosive shells, machine gun, and rifle bullets" pelted the I'm Alone. The Dexter's log states that she fired shots at the schooner's sails first before bringing guns to bear on the hull. Powell thought he saw Randell brandishing a pistol on deck.13 Recalling his adversary's ability to escape in the past, Powell ordered his crew to open fire with their service rifles. Pieces of the rum boat flew in every direction, but she remained under way until Powell had his gun crew take aim at the waterline. Thus did the deck gun finish off the schooner, blowing a large hole below the waterline under the forward mast. The I'm Alone went down by the bow with her cargo at 0903 in an area designated the Sigsbee Deep on nautical charts. The Dexter and Wolcott began recovering crew members immediately.
Rum-Soaked Seas
Randell had ordered his crew into the water, where they could cling to pieces of the schooner until the cutters could pick them up. Two hundred and twenty miles south of Louisiana, bobbing in the choppy seas, they saw the remains of the I'm Alone sink in 2,000 fathoms with the remnants of her Union Jack still flying. Powell believed he had carried out his mission using the "necessary force" prescribed by the Duties of Boarding Officers and his radio orders. To sink the I'm Alone, the Dexter had expended 2 saluting rounds, 38 3-inch/23-caliber shells, and 400 rounds of small-arms ammunition, which shredded the wooden deckhouse and bulkheads.14
Dexter Seaman First Class Charles Raeburn jumped into the water to rescue a man floating face down in the choppy sea. Raeburn grabbed him and hoisted him on to a piece of debris. Once picked up by the Wolcott, Raeburn was joined by two shipmates off the Dexter, who climbed aboard to assist him in trying to revive the man—Randell's bosun, Leon Mainguy, a French citizen. He died from drowning in spite of the gallant effort to save him. But the Dexter did succeed in picking up five survivors, including Randell, and the Wolcott rescued three.15
The two cutters steamed slowly toward New Orleans in a heavy fog with their prisoners in irons. They arrived at the South Pass of the Mississippi on 23 March and proceeded upriver with the Wolcott leading. Once disembarked in New Orleans, the prisoners were arraigned in the U.S. Customs House on federal smuggling charges. Those levied against Randell were "conspiracy to violate the Volstead Act" and "interfering with a customs officer in the performance of his duties." The smugglers were confined in Orleans Parish Prison. On 30 March the British Consul posted a $500 bond and secured Randell's release, while the crew was released without bail on their recognizance.16
The U.S. Attorney of the Federal Court of the Eastern District of Louisiana dismissed the charges against Randell and his crew on 10 April.17 The federal government did not want Randell as much as it wanted the people he worked for. Once they could be traced and identified, the government pursued charges against the owners of the I'm Alone. It was revealed later that the owners were American and part of a major syndicate. The eventual federal trial of these racketeers would showcase the work of the new Coast Guard Intelligence Office, using Elizebeth Friedman's decrypted radio intercepts. Friedman was the wife of Army Signal Corps cryptologist Major William Friedman. Her codebreaking skills revealed the American owner of the I'm Alone to be Dan Hogan of New York, and this influenced the outcome of the international litigation.
Newspapers described the I'm Alone case as a potential international-law violation by the United States. Captain A. L. Gamble of the Coast Guard Gulf Division stated that the schooner was first spotted within the 12-mile limit and pursued by the Wolcott in accordance with the Tariff Act of 1922.18 The I'm Alone became the first foreign-flagged rumrunner sunk by the Coast Guard on the high seas resulting in the death of a foreign national.
As the public began to tire of the bloodshed over liquor, both on land and at sea, the commandant of the Coast Guard was faced with political issues. Politicians told Rear Admiral Frederick C. Billard to "enforce the smuggling laws . . . but don't shoot unless shot at."19 A New York World editorial declared that in any case the sinking was not justified. The Newark News wrote that the "questions were . . . important" and that the case "offered an opportunity to clarify maritime law."20 In New Orleans, often called the "wettest city in America," The Times-Picayune referred to Randell as a "captive" and "hero."
Lieutenant Commander Bixby of Offshore Patrol Squadron Eight told the Pascagoula press that the Coast Guard "was both a military and police arm" of the government and that the crews acted properly in the discharging of their duty in regards to the I'm Alone. From the outset, both the Treasury Department and the commandant approved of the Coast Guard action.
'Hot Pursuit' = Unlawful Act?
The I'm Alone case developed quickly into an international incident. A New York Daily News wire photo published in England showed Randell and his crew in their cell at Orleans Parish Prison. British press headlines declared "British Seamen in Manacles" and "British Flag Fired Upon by American Coast Guard."21 Some politicians in Britain and Canada stated that if the sinking had been ordered by the U.S. government, it was an overt act of war. Others claimed that if the action had been at the discretion of the Coast Guard officer in charge, it was an act of "piracy." The issue of excessive force was debated along with the right to sink a private vessel on the high seas beyond national jurisdiction. Also debated was whether the "hot pursuit" begun by the Wolcott could be legally concluded by the Dexter. The doctrines, laws, and treaties all specified that hot pursuit must be continuous and could not be broken off and resumed, but said nothing about it being handed off while in progress.22
Arbitration between the United States and Canada lasted well beyond the repeal of the Volstead Act. Canada originally asked for more than $350,000 in damages. After it was uncovered through analysis of crypto intercepts and shoreside liquor raids that the I'm Alone was American-owned, and not Canadian, the award was significantly reduced. The final report never determined the legitimacy of the hot pursuit, but declared unequivocally that both the Canadian-American Liquor Treaty of 1924 and international law did not justify the sinking. It was simply "an unlawful act."
Because of this finding, the commission agreed on a sum to compensate those directly affected by the incident. The United States would "apologize to his Majesty's Canadian Government" and pay out a $25,000 settlement to Canada for the insult and property loss. In addition, the arbitration commission awarded $25,000 to Jack Randell and his crew. Randell received $7,900, while Bosun Mainguy's widow received $10,000. The balance was divided among the surviving crew of the sunken schooner.23
Randell returned to Newfoundland and, after brief service in World War II, retired and passed away in 1944. Alfred Powell remained in the Coast Guard, attaining the rank of lieutenant. During World War II, he was severely burned in a fire on board the supply transport USS Wakefield (AP-21) and retired in 1944. He died in 1980.24
As late as 1931, bottles allegedly from the sunken I'm Alone were reported washing ashore along the southwestern Louisiana coast, cementing the incident in local folklore.25 The Dexter was eventually transferred to the Navy, then sent to Buffalo, New York, in 1935 and decommissioned in 1936.26 She remained on the Great Lakes under many owners. As the motor vessel Buccaneer, she finally was scuttled in Lake Michigan in the summer of 2010. Her demise resurrected the I'm Alone story in Canadian newspapers and on news websites. Ironically, the patrol boat that caused an international incident by sinking a liquor smuggler finished her life as a dinner cruiser complete with wet bar and signage that beckoned "1-800- PARTY BOAT."27
The U.S.-Canadian angst over the I'm Alone incident remains below the surface (no pun intended). Folk songs sung north of the border retell the tale of the "good Samaritan to thirsty Americans . . . that . . . went down under the fire of a Yankee cutter. . . ."28
1. Randy Boswell, "Scuttling Dexter," http://usmilnet.com/smf/index.php?topic=14121.0;wap2. U.S. Coast Guard Historian, www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Dexter1925.asp.
2. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Instructions, Customs, Navigation and Motor Boat Laws and Duties of Boarding Officers (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1923), 1. Malcolm Willoughby, Rum War at Sea (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1964), 17.
3. Jack Randell, I'm Alone (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1930), 265. David P. Mowry, Listening to the Rum Runners (Fort Meade, MD: National Security Agency, 1996), 22. Everett S. Allen, The Black Ships: Rumrunners of Prohibition (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1965), 77.
4. Randell, I'm Alone, 264–66.
5. Ibid., 272.
6. Randell, I'm Alone, 280–81.
7. Ibid., 281–83. "Log of the Coast Guard Patrol Boat Wolcott," 20 March 1929 entry; Washington, DC: National Archives, Record Group 26.
8. Randell, I'm Alone, 290–93.
9. "Log of the Coast Guard Patrol Boat Wolcott," 20 March 1929 entry.
10. "Probe Launched in Sinking of British Ship," The Times-Picayune, 24 March 1929. Nancy Galey Skoglund, "The I'm Alone Case: A Tale from the Days of Prohibition," University of Rochester Library Bulletin, vol. 23, no. 3 (1968), 3, www.lib.rochester.edu/index.cfm?PAGE=1004. Randell, I'm Alone, 296.
11. Randell, I'm Alone, 282.
12. Ibid., 298.
13. "Log the U.S. Coast Guard Patrol Boat Dexter," 22 March 1929 entry; National Archives, RG 26. Harvey L. Miller, "The I'm Alone," Coast Guard Magazine, vol. 2., no.7., 46.
14. "Log of the U.S. Coast Guard Patrol Boat Dexter." 22 March 1929 entry.
15. Ibid. "Guardsman Gives I'm Alone Story," Pascagoula Chronicle-Star, 19 April 1929.
16. Randell, I'm Alone, 310–13. "Charges Not To Be Dismissed," Biloxi Daily Herald, 30 March 1929.
17. "U.S. Dismisses I'm Alone Crew Liquor Charges," The Times-Picayune, 10 April 1929.
18. Miller, "The I'm Alone," 46.
19. Harold Waters, Smugglers of Spirits (New York: Hastings House, 1971), 199.
20. Miller, "The I'm Alone, 46.
21. Randell, I'm Alone, 315. Skoglund, "The I'm Alone Case," 8.
22. Malcolm Willoughby, Rum War at Sea (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1964), 129. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Law Enforcement at Sea Relative to Smuggling (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1929), 4.
23. Charles Cheney Hyde, "The Adjustment of the I'm Alone Case," The American Journal of International Law, vol. 29, no. 2 (1935), 297–99, www.jstor.org/stable/2190495. David P. Mowry, Listening to the Rum Runners (Washington, DC: National Security Agency, 1996), 22. Janice Patton, The Sinking of the I'm Alone (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1973), 30.
24. "I'm Alone Case Recalled Here: Skipper of Schooner Sunk By Coast Guard Passes," The Times-Picayune, 22 February 1944. Service Record of Alfred W. Powell; LOCATION: Military Personnel Records Center.
25. "Bonded Liquors Washed Ashore," The Times-Picayune, 12 April 1931.
26. U.S. Coast Guard Historian, www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/Dexter1925.asp.
27. Boswell, "Scuttling Dexter."
28. Wade Hemsworth, "The I'm Alone," The Songs Of Wade Hemsworth, Blackfly Music, 1995.


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- Parent Category: News
Hartshorn to lead Illinois Sheriff's Association
Vermilion County Sheriff Pat Hartshorn has been elected to serve as President of the Illinois Sheriff's Association. As President, Hartshorn will be responsible for providing leadership to the 102 elected Sheriff's of Illinois and the association's office in Springfield.
Supreme Court Justice Rita Garman of Danville administered the oath of office at a banquet held in Hartshorn's honor at the Abraham Lincoln Hotel in Springfield. State Treasurer Dan Rutherford was the key note speaker at the dinner which was emceed by State Representative Chad Hays.
The Illinois Sheriff's Association has 37,000 associate members made up of private citizens who support the goals and initiatives of the Sheriff's Association. Hartshorn served on the organization's Executive Board and Board of Directors prior to being elected President of the group.


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Association: Energy, health care sway manufacturing outlook
U.S. energy policy, regulation and health care law are likely weighing on the minds of manufacturers, and that's giving a mixed read of recent industry outlook surveys, said an analyst from the Pennsylvania Manufacturers' Association.
The Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia's Business Outlook Survey showed manufacturers in eastern and Central Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey and Delaware showed declines in the past month's activity but are generally optimistic about the next six months.
Thirty-two percent of firms reported activity declines, but 43 percent expect activity to improve over the next six months, according to the survey. Four out of 10 blamed Hurricane Sandy for plant shutdowns or reduced activity in the past month.
"I don't know that accounts for everything," said Carl Marrara, director of government affairs for the Harrisburg-based Pennsylvania Manufacturers' Association.
Political fallout is one factor to consider, he said.
Companies were in a wait-and-see mode before the election, he said. They are likely still concerned about President Barack Obama's policies and regulations regarding energy and health care.
Companies want to know how changes under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, also called Obamacare, will affect their businesses before moving ahead, Marrara said. That and the president's tighter regulations on the coal industry could be generating some uncertainty and slowing up the manufacturing sector, he said.
Many manufacturers are going to move forward and attack the market instead of waiting, especially since the president's policies will remain in place, he said.
"Now Pennsylvanians have to improve our business climate to attract business over other states," Marrara said.
Balanced energy policy will be a huge component of revitalizing manufacturing because it needs large amounts of reliable and inexpensive electricity, he said. Gas development is one component of that, but it and coal face pressures from environmental groups, he said.
In Pennsylvania, the prospect of Shell's natural gas ethane cracker plant being built near Pittsburgh is important to manufacturing throughout the state, he said. The plant will produce the raw materials used in many other factories. That could generate greater manufacturing growth in the state, he said.
"We have hope," Marrara said. "The numbers are a little discouraging … but we're on the same playing field as everyone else."


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NORTH DARTMOUTH, Mass. – Freshman Kebba Nasso (Attleboro, Mass.) has been named the Little East Conference Rookie Field Athlete of the Week, for his record setting performances at Saturday's Tufts University Invitational, as announced by the conference office.
On Saturday, Nasso broke the program record in the 400 meter dash with his time of 50.21 seconds. He broke the original record set in 1988 by 61-hundredths of a second. His record setting time is currently fifth best in Division III, and helped him to a third place finish on Saturday. Nasso also became the program record holder in the triple jump, as he recorded a jump of 42-06.25 to win the event.
With Saturday's two records, Nasso now currently holds three individual records at UMass Boston (200, 400, triple jump) and one relay record (4x400).


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Small Tip:
Alternatively go to Top Menu, Window > Stroke.
1. Adjust the width of the stroke.
The larger the value, the thicker the stroke.
2. Change the cap style of a line.
The Round Cap creates stroked lines with semicircular ends.
3. Change the joins of a line.
The Round Join creates stroked lines with rounded corners. Have a look below:
The Bevel Join creates stroked lines with squared corners. Have a look below:
Let me explain to you now what is the Miter Limit. You can consider the Miter limit as a threshold above which a pointy 'sharp' corner is transformed to a bevel. How is this threshold defined? Have a look at the following illustration. There is a 6pt stroked line and I have set the Miter Limit to 5. This means 5 times the line thickness (6 X 5 = 30 pts). So If the Mitter Length - 'the corner head' (the overlapping common area of the two segments that form the corner) - is more than 5 times the stroke thickness of the path, then the corner will be beveled.
Here is an example.
The Miter Limit controls when the program switches from a mitered (pointed) join to a beveled (squared-off) join.
4. Align the stroke along the path.
This option is only available in closed paths. So, let's draw a rectangle as shown below so that we explore all three options.
a. Align Stroke To Center
As you see, the stroke is symmetrically aligned to the center of the path.
b. Align Stroke To Inside
In this case, the stroke is aligned to the inside of the path.
c. Align Stroke to Outside
Here, the 30 pt amber stoke is aligned along the path to the outside area.
5. Create a dotted or dashed line.
Draw a straight path segment so we can experiment with.
Finally, you can create completely custom line patterns by filling all the values. For example, have a look at the following image. If you enter the values shown you will get the following nice interesting line pattern.
That's all folks...


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- Die 6 GWB Novelle Unter Dem Gesichtspunkt Des Subsidiarittsprinzips Teilkonvergenz Mit Dem Europischen Recht
Die 6. GWB-Novelle Unter Dem Gesichtspunkt Des Subsidiaritätsprinzips: Teilkonvergenz Mit Dem Europäischen Recht
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Covington Honored at GCR Awards 2015
April 20, 2015
WASHINGTON, DC, April 20, 2015 — Global Competition Review has selected matters led by Covington lawyers as winners of two 2015 GCR Awards. Litigation of the Year, Cartel Defense was awarded for the defendants' win in Motorola Mobility v AU Optronics, et al. Covington partners Robert Wick and Derek Ludwin in Washington, DC, and Jeffrey Davidson in San ...
December 22, 2014
WASHINGTON, December 22, 2014 — The Global Competition Review (GCR) has named Covington & Burling to its Global Elite, a list of the top 20 competition practices worldwide, ranking it among the top practices in both Brussels and Washington, D.C. Each year, GCR undertakes extensive analysis of competition law groups in 50 jurisdictions around the world. In ...
March 19, 2012
LONDON, 19 March, 2012 — Covington & Burling LLP received 46 individual mentions and 20 practice mentions in the Chambers Global 2012 edition. The guidebook, which ranks lawyers globally by pan-regional and country practice area, is designed to identify the most skilled legal practitioners based on the qualities most valued by clients. The Covington lawyers ...


text: A Chat With The New NAWG President April 27, 2013 04:58 PM Tweet TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By Ben Potter AgWeb Social Media and Innovation Editor Email Get to know Montana wheat farmer Bing Von Bergen "There are more opportunities in ag right now than ever before." Montana farmer Bing Von Bergen is no stranger to growing wheat, but he has stepped into a new leadership position as the recently appointed president of the National Association of Wheat Growers (NAWG). Farm Journal had a chance to talk with Von Bergen about his farming background as well as his aspirations for NAWG this coming year. Q How did you get into farming. What was the biggest appeal? A I've been farming for 34 years now. I was born and raised on a family farm in central Montana. Farming has been a part of my life ever since I was a young kid. I had an opportunity to be in agriculture, and once I realized it was a good way to make a living—and a good way of life—I jumped right in. I was blessed to be born into agriculture. Q What do you like most about growing wheat? A While there are other crops such as peas and barley grown in Montana, wheat is the crop we can always grow—and grow successfully. Because of our low moisture, we only get 10" to 15" of rainfall a year. As a third-generation farmer, I've learned what works and what doesn't work—do that enough years and you can get pretty good at raising a wheat crop. Q What are some of your top priorities with NAWG? A Our No. 1 priority right now is to get a five-year farm bill passed this year. Farmers need to know what their safety net is so they can effectively plan ahead for the long term. Within that farm bill is the importance of protecting federal crop insurance. Because wheat is often raised in more volatile areas, it's extremely important to know with certainty that we'll continue to have federal crop insurance at the current levels. This is a very complex system that took 35 years to get to where it is now, and we need to help legislators understand some of those complexities. A lot of the critics of crop insurance don't understand the complexity of the system. One of our roles at NAWG is to keep giving input on how changes would affect the wheat industry. Q What do you think are some of the biggest challenges in farming right now? A For someone who wants to get into farming, the biggest challenge is the sheer amount of money required to get started. I also think a lot about the urbanization of America. We're losing some of our best farmland to city expansion, and we continue to distance ourselves more and more from agriculture. Well-meaning, well-intentioned people have been trying to impose policy on things that they know little or nothing about. We sometimes are accused that we're not stewards of the land, but the truth is we have to be or we won't have it any longer. So good communication about agriculture continues to be essential. Q What's the best advice that you've ever received? A Be willing to change—don't be so set in your ways that you develop tunnel vision. Everything is changing all of the time, so you have to embrace change and new opportunities. Von Bergen at a Glance Raises wheat and barley near Moccasin, Mont. Co-owner of Heartland Seed Company (small grains, grass and alfalfa) Active in his local school, co-ops and the Basin State Bank Multiple past leadership roles with NAWG and the Montana Grain Growers Association U.S. Army veteran Wife (Lois) and two children (Tyler and Tana), both students at Montana State University You can e-mail Ben Potter at email@example.com. Back to news


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by Angela
I was so excited to hear that American Legacy Tours was finally doing a Haunted Covington Tour. Considering I grew up in Covington and I grew up in a haunted building in Main Strauss. Not only did this tour share great ghost stories that I myself heard over the years but also some great history about the Covington area. Like for instance, did you know that Ulysses S. Grant's parents lived in Covington? He also lived there during a part of the Civil War and his kids went to a school on Greenup St.
This tour walks you past some of the most beautiful historic homes in the Tri State area. Two great spots that have great haunt stories on the tour are the Baker-Hunt Art and Cultural Center and the Booth Hospital. The Baker-Hunt house has a history of ghost sightings and as I was standing in the living room listening to the stories and history about the house I got the creepiest feeling like someone was watching us. The Booth Hospital has so many different ghost stories and I even shared a ghost story with the tour guides that I saw first hand when I was little.
– This is a picture of Dr. Baker-Hunt; visitors and psychics have described seeing him in the house.
This is a tour that has a beautiful scenery, wonderful ghost stories, and great history. I strongly suggest this tour even if you don't believe in ghost just to take in all the historic homes and vibrant history.
Disclaimer: This was a free event that I was invited to for press night. This tour has nothing to do with wine or any wine events, it's just really freaking cool.
Found your post googling for info on the haunted covington tour – since you mention Booth Hospital, here's a spooky photo I took of it a few years ago:
I stood for 2 hours in the cold listening to a douche wearing a purse talk about random people 200 yrs ago. Boring! Don't waste your money!
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Krystal Pepper Memorial Scholarship Fund
Raising money for a scholarship fund in memory of Michelle's little sister who passed away in 2007


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This boot is made to represent the year that Lucchese was founded. The entire line of 1883 boots are built with all leather components including full leather heel counters. Lucchese took an ordinary roper boot and transformed it into a fashion statement with unique materials. The boots have cushioned insoles and full welt construction. This Classic Mad Dog Skin vamp with a matching roper shaft looks great with anything in your wardrobe. Be the modern urban cowboy wear 1883 boots! Made in the USA.
Solid pair of great looking & comfortable boots!


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Will Yankees' Rivera Retire After 2013 Season?
A person familiar with the decision says that New York Yankees closer Mariano Rivera plans to retire after the 2013 season.
The person spoke to The Associated Press on Thursday on condition of anonymity because there had been no official announcement. A news conference was expected Saturday at the Yankees' spring training complex in Tampa, Fla.
The 43-year-old right-hander is baseball's saves leader with 608. He missed most of last season after he tore a ligament in his right knee while catching fly balls during batting practice.
Rivera has returned home to Panama for a personal matter, and is expected to rejoin the team Saturday.
(Copyright 2013 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Oct 27, 2015 - 02:38 pm CDT
Making a difference is a section where APD posts anonymous officer commendations from citizens.
30 years of gratitude for APD
And Speeding of Appreciation...
Arresting Appreciation
Compassion in the Face of Crisis
Operation Blue Wave
Wonderful job
Expressing Gratitude
Close Call Commendation
Extra measures
Thank you, Austin Police Department!!
Exemplifying APD Values
Helping Hand With A Good Deed
Doe A Deer
A Father's Appreciation
Kindness Kudos
Water Worries
Thank you from a fellow Austinite
What a way to start the new year
Crash Compassion
Help at the Insect-ion of Mopac and 360
Outstanding officer, John Hattaway
APD Warmth in the Midst of Freezing Cold
Thank You from an Austin Dad
Many Thanks
APD Offers Calming Presence
APD leapt into Mopac-tion!
Thank you to two APD Motor Officers
Serious Kudos
Job well done
Encounter with PO Jason Pauls #8133 and partner
Thank you to APD from mom with 4 small children
Thank you ALL
Compliment for APD
Compliment from anonymous caller
Praises to APD
The tale of a tire troubleshoot
Traffic Stop Turnaround
Thank you to 911 call takers!
Recognizing Exceptional Effort
Officer Tripp kudos
Doggone Thankful
Just in the Mopac of time...
Positive thoughts and regards for Officer Carroll
Thanks for changing my tire
Compliment for Austin Police Officer
Pit Stop!
Patrol Appreciation
Officer, citizens rescue small dog on 360
Family Heirlooms Returned
My husband made his international flight thanks to APD
APD officers rescue a dog from a roof
Helping motorists be on their way
Help changing a tire
Officer plays football with kids at ACL
Shoutout to APD
Never in my wildest dreams was I prepared for what I observed!
Thank you to officer pushing car in the rain
Kudos via Instagram
Commending Officers Smith and DelValle coming to My Daughter's Apartment
Thank you to Officer Granderson from Boy Scouts
Thank you for changing traffic pattern during ACL
Going above and beyond on a traffic stop
Meal paid for ends in big hug!
Thank you for attending a showing of Peace Officer at Alamo Drafthouse
Thank you to all officers
Thank you Officer Cardenas
85th Citizen Police Academy
ACM Arellano presents Detective Denton with commendation
Home for sale - garage door open?
Stolen Property - quick response
Thank you to Officer Ryan Nichols
APD is Fantastic!!
Thank you for Ride Alongs
Thank you from Brentwood Neighborhood
A thank you compliment for police and those who helped me; please let them know
Compliment to Officers
A huge thank you to Officer Babb
Thank you to Officers Reid and Tucker
Missing Person Update
Austin officers in San Angelo
Fallen Hutto PD Sgt. Kelley
APD interaction with family - thanks
A blog post on compassion
A Special Thanks from The Austin Reggae Festival
Praise of a couple of officers
ACC Law Enforcement Diversity Class
ACC students ride along with APD
National Police Week
Thank you to APD officers for rescuing dog
Thank you again from Pecan Street Fest
Great teamwork by all public safety entities
A thank you note from a new Scout Dad - he and his two sons attended 5th Annual Local Heroes day
Thank you from Citizen Police Academy Alumni
Thank you from Council Member Ora Houston
Thank you to officers who responded to a crash
Thank you from a concerned daughter
Thank you to 9-1-1 Dispatcher Joshua Christenberry
Car trouble on IH-35
A compliment to Officer Slayton after home burglary
Thank You to Officers Holland & Sumner
Doggone good service
Twinkle Twinkle Little Star
Thank you to Officer Richard Lesly
Thank you from 100 Club for Good Friday Fundraiser
Commendation for Senior Police Officer Richard Will
Get There from Here
Towards a Best Managed City
Connect With Us


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It's not often that two directors as accomplished as Martin Scorsese and Roman Polanski unveil films on the same weekend, but today sees "Shutter Island," starring Leonardo DiCaprio, going up against "Ghost Writer," starring Pierce Brosnan and Ewan McGregor.
Joining the fray are the unlikely duo of Parker Posey and Demi Moore as sisters, and a documentary about a rocker-turned-vintner.
Shutter Island
A psychological thriller based on the Dennis Lehane novel of the same title, stars DiCaprio as a U.S. Marshal who, along with his partner (Mark Ruffalo) is sent to investigate the mysterious disappearance of a convicted murderer.
Ghost Writer
McGregor plays a man hired to help a former British Prime Minister (Brosnan) write his memoirs, only to uncover that the death of the previous scribe may have been linked to the PM's ties to the CIA.
Happy Tears
If the trailer lived up to the promise of castmembers Parker Posey, Rip Torn and Ellen Barkin (and Demi Moore), we'd be standing in line right now, but it looks to be just another aggressively quirky indie comedy about a family in turmoil.
Blood Into Wine
Chronicles the Arizona vineyard and winery owned by Maynard James Keenan, frontman for the bands tool and A Perfect Circle, as they introduce their maiden effort, Judith, named after Keenan's mother, to the market. With appearances by Milla Jovovich and Patton Oswald.


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Fictitious Business Name Statement (FBN)
aka "Doing Business As" required by the bank when opening a business account. Please note: This is NOT a Business License.
Please contact the Tax Collector's Office concerning Business Licenses, filing requirements, fees, and filing
- Fictitious Business Application: FBN/DBA
- FBN/DBA: Statement of Abandonment
- Or the application can be sent to you by mail/fax upon request
Filing FBN/DBA applications:
- Send Application to mailing address listed
- File in Mammoth Lakes, Vons Shopping Center, (above Giovanni's) with the Planning Division
- File in Bridgeport at the County Clerks' Office Annex I


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The One Situation Where Record Labels Fear Federal Copyright: Old Sound Recordings
from the keep-the-public-domain-away! deptLast year, we were among those who noted a significant problem for sound recordings from about a century ago. While under federal copyright law, works published before 1923 are in the public domain, when it comes to sound recordings, it's a different story. That's because, for quite some time, Congress did not even believe copyright law could apply to sound recordings (which is kind of funny when you realize how many in the recording industry now seem to assume that copyrights on recordings are some sort of birthright). Instead, however, various state laws covered the gap... and did so by creating copyright laws that were even more ridiculous than the federal one. Because of that, many old sound recordings may never enter the public domain, or if they do it won't be for another 50 or 60 years. And, in the meantime, many of those recordings will disappear.
This is of big concern to those who wish to preserve and share the culture from a century ago. After this issue started to get some attention, the Copyright Office agreed to look into things and just held some hearings on the issue. Copycense attended the event and shared copious tweets on the events. As an experiment, I'm going to try to collate some of the more interesting tweets, embedded below, but provide commentary here. There are a few key statements that were made that I'll address in separate posts, but this one will cover the general discussions held during the day.
What becomes clear is that there's a big divide between the legacy industry (record labels & publishers) and librarians and cultural researchers who fear that these works are dying. The people actually concerned about preserving the works are horrified at what's happening, noting that culture is disappearing -- and predominantly impacting "people of color," whose work would be freely available for all to hear if their recordings had been covered by traditional copyright, or done in any other country. Others point out that if librarians can't preserve these works, they may disappear forever.
The response from the music business guys is ridiculous -- but expected. They insist that covering these works under traditional copyright would harm artists (seriously). Rich Bengloff, the head of A2IM (mini-RIAA), insisted that covering these works under federal copyright law would "bring less investment to roots music." Huh? How does that make any sense? The RIAA also worried that there would be "costs" associated with covering these works by copyright, and that it would "raise ownership questions." This is laughable. There are already "ownership" questions, which is why we're stuck in this quagmire in the first place. The RIAA pointed out that "we have concerns that federalization would negatively affect economic value."
That, of course, is ridiculous. First, the vast majority of the works we're talking about no longer are being marketed in any way shape or form. They're disappearing. The few works that are still an issue would still have federal copyright law, which is already pretty strict. The only works that would really have a change are those from before 1923, and that's fine. It's what's good about the public domain. Thankfully, one of the representatives from library groups pointed out that work that goes into the public domain "increases value to the public," which is what copyright is supposed to be about. Furthermore, as others quite reasonably pointed out, just because something is in the public domain, it doesn't mean you can't make money off of it. Just look how many publishers make money selling public domain works.
The RIAA then tried a different tack, insisting that the libraries concerned about all this are being silly, because "according to our research," no library has been sued over this issue. Isn't that comforting? Of course, you never know when a lawsuit might be filed, and the law clearly allows one to be filed. Most libraries wouldn't take that risk. Thankfully, the brand new Registrar of Copyrights, Maria Pallante, was quick to point out that simply wishing libraries become less risk averse is not a reasonable answer here.
Hilariously, the National Music Publishers Association people (NMPA) responded to a question about how taking away 50 different state laws, and moving these works under the single, well-known, standard of federal copyright law would make things "more confusing" by claiming that it would create "uncertainty." Huh?!? On the one hand, we have 50 different, confusing and rarely tested laws. On the other, we have federal copyright law and loads of caselaw. And the NMPA is actually claiming that federal copyright law would be more confusing? Even more ridiculous is Bengloff's claim that because under those state laws most works will go into the public domain in 2067, it "makes it easy to know what we're working with." Except we also know what we're working with under federal copyright law.
Later, Bengloff claims that there's a risk because labels have "invested millions of dollars" in these works. Again, this is misleading and ridiculous. The works still covered by federal copyright would remain in the control of the copyright holders. Furthermore, someone from the Library of Congress properly pointed out that the LOC (and other libraries) have also invested millions in trying to preserve these works. A representative from libraries reminded people that the public is a stakeholder here as well (though apparently not directly represented at the hearing).
Finally, at the end of the day, the real issue makes itself known. The labels and publishers want to avoid "federalization" because they know that this would bring back "termination rights" for the musicians themselves. As you hopefully know, the labels have been vigorously fighting the fact that the musicians themselves can reclaim their own copyrights by "terminating" the copyright assignment. A decade ago, the RIAA was able to sneak a law through Congress (literally by adding a line in the middle of the night that no one noticed until after the bill passed) that turned all such recordings into "works made for hire," which removed termination rights. An outcry from artists (for once) resulted in Congress fixing that "mistake" quickly, but the labels are still infatuated with this, and are gearing up for legal fights over termination rights soon.
It appears the real issue here is that under these state laws, there are no termination rights, meaning the artists themselves can't reclaim the copyrights, and the labels and publishers get to hang onto them for a few more decades. Putting things under federal copyright law would open up an opportunity for artists to get their copyrights back. And, we can't have that.
What's really appalling here is that the label/publisher representatives still pretend to represent artists here -- and one even declares that the labels interests really are aligned with artists' interests, when the subtext of this debate shows that's not true at all.
If you want to see many of the key tweets this is based on, and are reading this via RSS or on the front page, click "read more" below to see a sampling of the key tweets.
Filed Under: copyright, public domain, sound recordings, termination


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What's the Cost of Ingredient Cost Control?
Processors and ingredient companies share their strategies for helping to control todays high cost of ingredients without impacting quality or safety.
You can't very well leave the fruit out of your fruit bar or the chocolate out of your chocolate chip cookies. Yet with the prices of some ingredients more than double what they were last year, you have to do something.
Processors and ingredient companies might seem to be at opposite ends of the spectrum when it comes to controlling ingredient costs. But it might surprise you just how in synch the two halves of the food processing coin are when it comes to keeping the costs of manufacturing down.
Think of it: If a processor cannot afford to buy good ingredients, where would that leave ingredient companies? While both sides have a few strategies to get through these hard, high-cost times, they dovetail when it comes to some basics.
One approach that at first seems counterintuitive is to look at ingredients that initially cost more. There's a logic to spending a little more on the front end. At National Starch Food Innovation (www.foodinnovation.com), the focus is on efficiency of ingredient use as a balance to cost.
"We offer savings that go beyond formulating-out expensive ingredients," says Dinah Diaz, market development manager for the Bridgewater, N.J.-based ingredient company. "We also offer the manufacturer cost efficiencies in (the areas of) supply chain, space, fuel, et cetera."
"A more expensive ingredient used at a lower [usage] level may save a lot of money, improve shelf-life and increase overall effectiveness," adds Rodger Jonas, national business development manager for PL Thomas (www.plthomas.com), Morristown, N.J. Taking it up a notch, he adds, "The onus is on the ingredient supplier to do more."
And that's what many of them are doing. "We work with our customers to assure that flavor is optimized in their final product," says Amy McDonald, vice president of sales for FONA International Inc. (www.fona.com), Geneva, Ill. "Perhaps a different physical form or higher concentration — even a more expensive one — would deliver greater impact. This increased impact could allow the customer to reduce the flavor usage level in the final product and deliver a savings." Danisco USA Inc., New Century, Kan., has gone so far as to create an online "Value Improver Guide" (www.danisco.com/value/pw/index.html) to help processors with ingredient cost control.
Hand in hand
A Note of Caution
Vendors' proactive role in controlling the cost of ingredients is reflective of changes over the past few years in how processors approach ingredients and how the ingredient companies work with processors. The role of ingredient suppliers in formulation development and revision has become an industry paradigm just in time for the recent economic upheaval.
"Strong partnerships with food and beverage manufacturers are hallmark of our ability to reformulate products to provide cost savings in a variety of ways," says Judy Turner, applications manager for Tate & Lyle Americas (www.tateandlyle.com), Decatur, Ill. "The savings potential varies by category and level of customization, [but] cost benefits can be significant."
Turner notes that cost optimization requires a partner with a "deep understanding of food chemistry, consumer demands and the synergies between ingredients and processing costs to help successfully adjust a formulation." Pointing to the increased level of vendor interaction, she stresses, "Cost optimization is not a one-to-one, one-size-fits-all replacement of an expensive ingredient with a cheaper alternative."
FONA's McDonald has identified three key areas in which such synergy can work to keep costs under control: contracting, consolidation and reformulation.
"We encourage customers to set up year-long contracts for their key flavors based on their projected requirements for the coming year," McDonald says. "This (might) allow us to lock in raw material prices at the best possible time and reduce the potential impact on customers."
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Eloquenz Concerts needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 109 designs submitted by 28 freelance designers.
Eloquenz Concerts
We are a young couple that are performing classical concerts (on cello and piano) in many countries around the world. However, we are wanting to build up our own concert series that takes place in an intimate circle where we interact with the audience, explaining to them the meaning behind the music etc. This will take place together with good wine and food.
Anyone who is interested in classical music, especially young couples in their 30's.
We need a logo we can use for programs, business cards, brochures, web page etc.
The title is: Eloquenz Concerts
There is a small subheading: Music that Speaks
It should be modern and simple. Try to get away from the boring classical music cliche. Feel free to integrate the curvy aspects of the cello and piano.
Have fun!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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NEW YORK (AP) — If you're talking about Super Bowl ads with co-workers on Monday, you're not alone.
Advertisers tried to win over Americans during the game — some tried serious themes, while others went with humor. With 30-second ads costing $4.5 million for the chance to market their brand to 110-plus million Americans, advertisers were making a big bet. And just like the game, there were winners and losers:
Sticking to its winning formula of puppies and Clydesdales, Brewer Anheuser-Busch's ad shows a Labrador puppy chasing after the iconic Budweiser Clydesdales that are being moved to a new stable. The tune, "I'm Gonna Be (500...


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Author, Sharon Sobel drapes over Period Corsets® garments in Draping Period Costumes. This book provides you with the skill set you need to break away from two-dimensional patterns to drape three dimensional costumes.
The basics of draping are explained in precise detail, followed by step-by-step draping projects from multiple historical periods using Period Corsets® shapes (corsets, petticoats & skirt supports). Photographs illustrate every seam, pleat, and tuck, youll never be lost with this comprehensive guide.
-Includes information on measurements, necessary tools, appropriate fabrics and basic rules of draping. Corseting eras covered start with the Elizabethan, c. 1560 Anna corset and Farthingale period through to the Victorian, c. 1880 Alice corset and Bustle period.
Let expert draper Sharon Sobel teach you all you need to know to perfectly drape any period costume.
Let Period Corsets® undergarments give you a jump on your build so you can go directly to draping your outerwear. Its a perfect pairing!