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What if? The question drives Kelvin Droegemeier's waking days. What if there had been four hours warning? Incoming flights could have been diverted, and with normal flight turnover, about two hours, virtually all the planes would have been removed from harm's way, cutting the airlines' loss and avoiding much of the subsequent inconvenience to travelers. With countless other severe storms as well, including the fierce tornadoes that rampage the Great Plains each spring, better forecasts could greatly reduce property damage and potentially save lives. Since 1986, severe weather has racked the insurance industry with unprecedented losses, and industry studies indicate that more than $14 billion a year could be saved with better forecasts.
Current forecasting gives about 30 minutes warning for storms, with fairly imprecise information about extent and severity. Droegemeier, who directs the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) at Oklahoma University, knows it's possible to do better. He and his colleagues are developing new storm-prediction capability that is setting milestones in the field. In 1995, using the CRAY T3D at Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, their state-of-the-art computer model, the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), successfully predicted the location and structure of individual storms six hours in advance, the first time anywhere this has been accomplished. In 1996, ARPS did better yet, successfully forecasting the position and timing of storms seven hours in advance, even though the storms hadn't yet begun to form when the model was run.
In contrast, Droegemeier and his colleagues at CAPS work on storm-scale forecasting, a much tighter focus -- a few miles square in space and about 15 minutes in time -- that corresponds to the scale on which individual storms evolve. "What we're getting down to," says Droegemeier, "is to say that over Pittsburgh this afternoon from 3:30 to 3:50 there will be a thunderstorm with winds of 30 miles per hour, golfball-sized hail, two-and-a-half inches of rain, and by 3:50 it will be gone. And to give you that forecast six hours in advance."
Zeroing in on Stormy Weather
The weather reports we watch on TV derive from computer models at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction that predict atmospheric structure over the continental United States as often as every three hours. The local forecaster extracts from these models to show a regional map, covering perhaps several states, with predictions that weather the next day will be rainy, cloudy, sunny, etc.
Miles to Go Before They Sleep
CAPS' goal is to develop storm-scale forecasting to the point where it can be turned over to the National Weather Service early in the next century. Notable among the challenges they have overcome since starting in 1988 is gathering the input data necessary to run a storm-scale model. CAPS innovations now make it possible to deduce all the initializing data -- pressure, temperature, wind speed and more -- from Doppler radar.
In contrast, Droegemeier and his colleagues at CAPS work on storm-scale forecasting, a much tighter focus -- a few miles square in space and about 15 minutes in time -- that corresponds to the scale on which individual storms evolve. "What we're getting down to," says Droegemeier, "is to say that over Pittsburgh this afternoon from 3:30 to 3:50 there will be a thunderstorm with winds of 30 miles per hour, golfball-sized hail, two-and-a-half inches of rain, and by 3:50 it will be gone. And to give you that forecast six hours in advance."
Since 1993, CAPS has carried out experiments during Oklahoma's spring storm season to see how ARPS works in an operational setting. Initializing data each morning feeds the computer model running in Pittsburgh. The output in turn feeds back to forecasters in Norman, Okla. Results have been encouraging. In 1993, running on the CRAY C90 with limited data and a limited version of the model, forecasters used ARPS information in an official National Weather Service forecast.
In spring 1995, CAPS used more ARPS capability, and for the first time exploited parallelism on the CRAY T3D. "The T3D's distributed, globally addressable memory," says Droegemeier, "gave us the ability to run at storm scale over a big area at high resolution." The model did remarkably well, especially considering that initializing data was relatively crude -- lacking the resolution and accuracy radar can provide. As a result of this success, American Airlines is contracting with CAPS to test the new prediction technology as a "smoke alarm" for airports.
In 1996, the spring operational test incorporated several model improvements, including more detail at ground level, that resulted in better temperature forecasts and more precision in predicting the time when storms would develop. With these improvements, ARPS successfully forecast storms on eight of the 10 days when they occurred, an unprecedented success rate. On several of these stormy days, data that fed the model showed no convection, the earmark of storm conditions, and the model still correctly forecast that storms would develop seven hours later. Just as importantly, the model also correctly predicted no storm on a day when conditions indicated a strong likelihood.
With this growing success record, CAPS researchers see their goals as within reach, although challenges remain, perhaps none bigger than the extreme computational challenge built into their work. "In meteorology," says Droegemeier, "getting results quickly is essential. If you can't predict the weather significantly faster than it evolves, the prediction has no value. If you're going to create a four-to-six hour forecast, you better do it in half an hour. Parallel computing and high-performance networking are crucial."
In 1996, it took about 100 minutes to run a seven-hour forecast using 256 processors of the T3D. Fine for this stage of development, says Droegemeier, but too long for real-world forecasting. The significantly improved performance of the CRAY T3E will further boost ARPS ability to forecast storm-scale phenomena. "We can do better," says Droegemeier, "and we will."
During spring 1995 and again in 1996, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms at the University of Oklahoma used the Cray T3D to produce a daily weather forecast for parts of Oklahoma. PSC's visualization group processed data from selected forecasts into 3-D animations. The display shows a 152 x 152 kilometer area 35 kilometers in altitude viewed from the southeast. The storm structure shows regions of high water-density (white) with columns of high vorticity (red) that potentially spawn tornados. The streamlines, colored according to temperature, show ground-level wind velocity.
This animation, created with ARPS storm forecast data, shows development of a thunderstorm over Oklahoma. It covers a surface area 67 kilometers square extending 17 kilometers in altitude. The white isosurface shows high concentrations of combined cloud and rain water. The red isosurfaces represent columns of high vorticity, which have the potential to spawn tornadoes. The blue ribbons show wind velocity at two planes, about 600 and 4,800 meters above ground level.
Related Material on the Web:
More information about the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms
More information about the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS)
Projects in Scientific Computing, PSC's annual research report.
On the Horizon: Accurate Storm Forecasts
PSC Wins Computerworld Smithsonian Award
Storm Forecasting Wins Discover Award
References, Acknowledgements & Credits


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FOREST GROVE, Ore. – Bryan Peterson passed for a career-high 354 yards and three touchdowns to lead Whitworth to a 28-25 win at Pacific University in the Northwest Conference football opener for both schools on Saturday afternoon at Lincoln Park Stadium.
The Pirates improved to 5-0 overall and 1-0 in the NWC, already surpassing their win total from the 2011 season. The Boxers fell to 1-3, 0-1 and had their Homecoming celebration damped by Whitworth for the second time in the last three years.
Whitworth led 7-0 after one quarter, but the score could easily have been much more in favor of the Pirates, who outgained Pacific 146-24 in the first period. But after Ronnie Thomas finished off a 50-yard drive that took only three plays with a one-yard touchdown plunge, Whitworth lost its next possession when Peterson fumbled while sacked deep in his own territory.
The Pirate defense stood up to the test and held Pacific on fourth down at the five yard line when Bryce Kershner was stopped for a loss of three yards by Paul Miller. Whitworth then went 89 yards, including a 79-yard pass from Peterson to tight end Wade Meyer, but this time the Pirates were held on fourth down at the Pacific three.
Whitworth finally made it 14-0 early in the second when Peterson lobbed a touchdown pass to Austin Ehlo from 13 yards out. It was Ehlo's first touchdown catch of the season and finished off a 44-yard drive.
The Pacific offense was opportunistic on Saturday. The Boxers only had four possessions that went anywhere, but they scored on all four of those. The first came when Bobby Ladiges ran in from 19 yards to finish off a 67-yard drive that included Pacific's first first-downs of the game.
Whitworth got to the Pacific 35 near the end of the half, but could not get any closer and the Pirates took a 14-7 lead into the locker rooms.
After forcing Whitworth to punt to open the second half, the Boxers scored on their first possession when Moses Villareal-Gomez kicked a 23-yard field goal that finished off a 40-yard drive to pull Pacific within 14-10.
But Whitworth answered when Peterson hit DeGooyer from seven yards for a touchdown that gave the Pirates a 21-10 lead. Whitworth went 61 yards on the drive, including a 38-yard completion from Peterson to DeGooyer to set up the touchdown.
Pacific came right back to pull within 21-17 with 40 seconds to play in the third quarter when P.J. Minaya connected with Kelson Kawai from five yards out to cap a 57-yard possession.
After an exchange of punts to start the fourth quarter, Whitworth made its way deep into Pacific territory again. And again the Boxers turned away the Pirates on fourth down when Thomas was stopped at the three yard line.
But the Whitworth defense did not allow a first down and an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty by Pacific on the punt return set up the Pirates deep in Boxer territory. When Peterson connected with Connor Williams for a 15-yard touchdown with only 3:36 to play, it appeared that Whitworth was well in control with a 28-17 lead.
But the Boxers did not go away. Minaya found Caleb Roher for a 57-yard touchdown pass one minute later. Ladiges ran in a two-point conversion to pull Pacific within 28-25 with 2:29 to go.
Whitworth recovered the onsides kick at the Pacific 45 yard line. Three runs by Thomas brought up fourth down at the Pacific 36-yard line. A 35-yard pass to DeGooyer with 41 seconds left clinched the win. The Pirates downed the ball at the Pacific one on the final play of the game.
Peterson completed 17 of 25 passes for 354 yards with three touchdowns and no interceptions. DeGooyer caught eight passes for 144 yards, while Meyer had four grabs for 134 yards. Thomas finished with 134 yards rushing on 35 attempts with his eighth TD of the season. However, due to a pair of sacks and other tackles for loss, the Pirates were held to only 99 yards rushing as a team.
Minaya completed 18 of 25 passes for 213 yards with two touchdowns and one interception for Pacific. Anthony Blake caught six passes for 67 yards, while Roher had four grabs for 99 yards. Ladiges rushed for 54 yards on 15 carries.
Nic Brockhoff led the Pirate defense with eight tackles, while Miller had seven tackles and was in on three for losses of five yards. Kainoa Raguindin intercepted his second pass of the season.
Whitworth will return home to host unbeaten Willamette University (4-0) next Saturday as part of the Pirates' homecoming festivities.

subset: commoncrawl


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Man Flies From Hong Kong to Give Family Thanksgiving Surprise
In this heartwarming video, a man bought a plane ticket from Hong Kong to fly home and surprise his family, who weren't expecting him. Basically unless you did this for Thanksgiving too, you've been outdone. Putting raisins in the pumpkin cake just doesn't seem like that big of a shocker all of the sudden. Keep some Kleenex nearby. Watching this video makes dust fill the air and then get in your eyes.


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Life Cycle Collection Management
Life cycle collection management is a way of taking a long-term approach to the responsible stewardship of the collections of the British Library and is one of the library's strategic strands. It defines the different stages in a collection item's existence over time, ranging from selection and acquisitions processing, through to conservation, storage and retrieval. Life cycle collection management seeks to identify the costs of each stage in order to show the economic interdependencies between the phases over time. It thereby aims to demonstrate the long-term consequences of what the library takes into its collections, by making explicit the financial and other implications of decisions made at the beginning of the life cycle for the next 100 plus years.
Eventually it aims to combine the life cycle of both paper and digital collections, in order to reflect the totality of the British Library's hybrid collections.
The paper covers the following areas on the first year of the life cycle collection management project:
|What is it?
|Why do it?
|Who might use it and how can it be used?
|What has been done so far?
|What findings are emerging?
|What is going to be done?
Life cycle collection management takes a long-term view of the stewardship of the British Library's collections. On the one hand, funding is governed by political short-termism, of a three-year funding cycle, whereas on the other hand the British Library's collections have been built up over hundreds of years and the responsibility for the majority of them is in perpetuity in the future.
Life cycle collection management is evidence-based stewardship that documents the relationship between all the stages in a collection item's existence over time. Firstly, it defines the different stages in a collection item's existence. Then it seeks to identify the costs of each stage, in order to show the economic interdependencies between the stages of a collection item's management and how they change over a long period. These stages start with selection, acquisitions processing, cataloguing and pressmarking and go through to preservation, conservation, storage, retrieval and the de-accession of duplicates. In this way, it aims to demonstrate the long-term consequences of what the British Library takes into its collections, by making explicit the financial and other implications of decisions made at the beginning of the life cycle for the next 100 plus years.
Figure 1 illustrates the stages in a collection item's management. At the top, the process begins with the selection of an item. Then there are all the costs associated with processing that acquisition, from cataloguing to pressmarking, labelling and stamping before putting it on a shelf. The item might have some initial preventive conservation, such as being put in an archival box. Then it is stored. In time, after being used, it might require some interventive conservation. As usage patterns change, it might be moved from its initial location. A surrogate copy might be made; a duplicate copy might be de-accessioned in time. All these stages are interdependent.
Furthermore, there is the external dimension as shown in Figure 2. Over and above the British Library's internal management, there are relationships on national levels, with collaborative agreements for specific activities, from collection development to cataloguing. In the UK at the moment, the implications of the RLN (Research Libraries Network) are being defined. These could have a significant impact on the British Library. Moreover, there is the third dimension, namely the international dimension, with current and potential collaborative initiatives, such as the IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core Programme (UBCIM) and IFLA Universal Availability of Publications Core Activity (UAP).
The British Library-centric illustration in Figure 1 mirrors, for all types of collections, the 'Centripetal Model' suggested by Lavoie (2003). The national and international model in Figure 2, reflects more the 'Centrifugal Model' (again for all types of collections, not just digital)
Life cycle collection management is complex and complicated but there are practical, economic, governance and political reasons for taking this approach.
|The practical reasons are for the British Library to document and, if possible, benchmark with other comparable organisations, the links between the stages of the life cycle.
|The economic reasons are to establish that resources are most logically apportioned. For example, that the proportion assigned to acquisitions at the beginning of the process is appropriately proportionate to the amount spent on cataloguing, so that there are no backlogs of inaccessible items waiting to be catalogued. Similarly, that this amount is calibrated with the amount spent on housing and caring for the material over time, so that items are not inaccessible for being too fragile, waiting for conservation.
|For the purposes of governance, it needs to be demonstrated that the British Library's statutory and legal obligation under the British Library Act (1972) to manage its key intellectual assets is being done, consistent with best practice and in the most cost-effective way, now and for the future.
|For political reasons, the British Library needs to know what resources are necessary to make the approximately 150,000 legal deposit items per year and the approximately 90,000 electronic titles received under voluntary deposit, accessible and to be able to look after that material in perpetuity.
The life cycle collection management approach can be used by a variety of people in a variety of ways. Firstly an individual curator or selector can use this methodology. For example, a curator being offered a collection by donation can evaluate the real long-term implications over 100 years of that intake. This point can be illustrated by a couple of examples in the British Library in the last decade. A medieval Psalter bought in very good condition, with a purchase price of circa 1 million, could cost a modest amount over time, for example, the storage of a single item is quite low. On the other hand, a collection of 19th century papers that were bequeathed to the library, carried no 'purchase' price as such, but, being several boxes full, required a lot of cataloguing and initial preservation to stabilise them and so worked out at over 50,000 over time (Stephens, 1994).
Secondly, at a library-wide strategic level, it can be used to ensure the optimum calibration of resources. Life cycle collection management can be used for predictive long-term financial modelling to feed into planning and better benchmarking. It can be used for decision-making such as for the future storage requirements of collections. It can be used to make external bids for the resources to reflect the implications of long-term responsible stewardship of the British Library's additional intake of traditional and digital collections over time. So, it can be used to make decisions about new collections and different types of media. It can be used to understand what the collections cost over time. It can be used for future bidding. A strong word of caution should be made at this point, with a strong proviso about using this for political lobbying for additional funds. It could very well be a "two-edged sword". Rather than having shown how much it costs to really look after material for the long term in order to argue for resources, a government, ministry or other funding body could respond that if it costs that much, then it should not be done at all.
External ReviewsBefore settling on a method for life cycle collection management, a number of external reviews were undertaken to see if any work was applicable from other fields. A literature review of the library, archive and heritage sectors was undertaken. The nearest possible model was a whole-life cycle costing approach in the built heritage sector to manage historic buildings in a sustainable way, but was not found to be directly applicable. The most relevant work was carried out, interestingly, in the British Library in the late 1980s, which defined a blueprint for the phases in the life cycle of tangible collections and was re-used as the basis of this project's formula work (Stephens, 1988).
In the specifically digital arena, the majority of work is currently being done in the areas of research and practical projects in digital asset management and digitisation life cycle costs. For example, Beagrie and Greenstein (1998), Hendley (1998), Russell and Weinberger (2000; for CEDARS) and some interesting business models are emerging from projects such as the EU PRESTO project (Wright, 2002). A number of projects were examined and parallels drawn with data derived from current digitisation projects underway at the British Library (appendix 2).
Secondly, a broad review was carried out of economic, commercial and non-heritage fields, for example eco-life cycle management (in particular environmental impact analysis). Given the time-scales of toxic, and especially, atomic waste management (with the half-life of radioactive substances of half a million years) it was thought there would be applicable management models. Apart from the Department of Long Term Stewardship in the US Department of Energy, again, little was translatable.
Areas where the concept of life cycle costing is known to be used were looked at, namely product development and defence procurement. The technique is used to see whether the gains from a particular product development are sufficient to justify the developmental costs. Two issues of potential relevance to the British Library were identified from this quarter. Firstly, that overheads should be excluded when undertaking a life cycle costing, otherwise they skew the costs to too great an extent; given the large proportion of the British Library budget allocated as overheads (circa 60 million in 2001/02). Secondly, that a number of authors comment on the need for appropriate software to be able to manage life cycle costing effectively.
One of the original objectives of the project was to benchmark, if possible, life cycle collection service and resourcing dependencies with other comparable institutions. Oxford University Library Services has recently embarked on an activity-based accounting exercise and an initial comparison was undertaken.
Whilst much work is being done in some parts of the digital arena, for example, with digitisation projects, nevertheless, it was found that no one seems to have taken a joint approach of trying to combine both traditional (or "paper") and digital life cycling. It is one of the objectives of this current work, in order to reflect the totality of a library such as the British Library's collections.
At the time of the LIBER conference, an interesting paper by Chapman (2003) was published, comparing storage costs of a high-density store for traditional formats and a digital archive. The article explicitly declaims that it "examines pricing associated with one component of digital preservation, repository storage, at one organisation (OCLC), at one point in time" and compares it to baseline costs "to store comparable collections in analog formats in the Harvard Depository". Nevertheless it represents a very useful development of attempting a like-for-like comparison between one stage of the life cycle of both paper and digital collection material.
Internal methodologyIn this initial phase the project concentrated on that part of the British Library's collections that currently form the printed national archive, namely, traditional paper-based monographs and serials legally deposited with the British Library. This is because it comprises a large proportion of the collection and the British Library has a legal responsibility in perpetuity for it. Other types of material, for example purchased oriental and occidental manuscripts, may involve different costs or costs in different proportions and are to be investigated in a later phase. Having defined the phases that comprise the life cycle, formulas were devised for the life cycle costs of legally deposited monographs and serials in traditional formats. An internal data gathering exercise was undertaken using the Library's finance system in conjunction with performance information for the year 2001/2, in order to put figures against each phase.
The project aimed to determine whether the life cycle model for traditional material could be used for the digital life cycle. Three types of digital material currently being produced or acquired by the British Library were defined and analysed in parallel with the work on traditional formats. The three strands of digital activity were: digitised masters, purchased electronic publications and electronic material voluntarily deposited at the British Library since January 2000.
|The British Library has a number of substantial digitisation projects underway which are producing a large number of digitised masters. A formula was developed from the traditional, paper-based material and applied to large British Library digitisation projects such as the New Opportunities Fund 'In Place' (now entitled Collect Britain).
|Approximately 1.5 million collection development figures spent on purchased electronic publications in the year 2001/2002 was analysed by both the traditional and digitisation formulas.
|The UK has had voluntary deposit of offline electronic material since January 2000. Figures from an impact study were extrapolated together with data emerging from a real-time, live pilot to manage voluntarily deposited electronic material were used.
Therefore, concurrent strands of traditional, paper-based and digital activities were pursued, with the aim of eventually coming together to one, in order to reflect the totality of the British Library's collections.
Traditional life cycleThe example of traditional paper-based material will be used to illustrate what was done. Much thought was given to the time span of the life cycle and three key "life stages" were identified. These were year 1 (when many initial collection management costs are incurred), year 10 (when a first review or technological change may incur costs) and year 100 (as a useful indicative time-scale for forecasting downstream costs). Give that the British Library has to look after the collections for which it has a legal obligation in perpetuity, 100 years was chosen as a symbolically long time, like the Biblical '40' or the Buddhist '1000'. There is a whole issue as to whether "death" is countenanced at any stage in the life cycle, which was a source of great debate. The project reviewed collection management activities and subsequently defined the phases in the life cycle management of the collections.
1. MonographsThe life cycle costs K(t) for monographs were defined as follows:
K(t) = s+a+c+pl+hl+p(t)+cs(t)+r(t)
Where s is the selection cost
|a is the acquisition processing cost (excluding the purchase price)
|c is the cataloguing cost
|pl is the initial preservation cost (such as an archival enclosure)
|hl is the initial handling cost (including pressmarking, labelling and placing)
|p(t) is the likely preservation cost over time (including interventive conservation)
|cs(t) is the collection storage cost over time
|r(t) is the likely retrieval and replacement cost over time
The activities are defined in the appendix.
2. SerialsThe life cycle costs for serials were defined as:
K(t) = s+at+c+plt+hlt+p(t?)+cst?+rt?
Where selection and cataloguing costs are one-off costs incurred in year 1;
|the recurrent annual costs of acquisitions processing, initial preservation and initial handling are multiplied by the number of years in the period t for example, 100 years;
|p(t?) is the likely preservation costs to be incurred for the first and each subsequent issue during the time between its acquisition and the time it forms part of the collection;
|ht? is the approximate storage cost for the first and each subsequent issue during the period t; t? is t"termial" = t?+1+2+3...t) This means these are cumulating costs, for example, in year 1 a single serial volume is stored, in year 2 this rises to 1+1, in year 3 to 2+1, in Year 4 to 3 + 1 volumes and so on.
3. Life cycle costsHaving defined the formula, costs were assigned based on management information data for the financial year 2001/2.
In year 1, excluding the purchase price, the ratios of the amount of money spent on the eight stages of the life cycle cost for monographs are:
|1st preservation:
So these are the proportionate amounts spent in year 1. See Figure 3.
By year 10, the amount spent on each activity as a proportion of the total costs for those 10 years is shown in Figure 4. So, for example, the amount already spent on cataloguing stays the same as that spent in year 1, but it is a smaller percentage of the total costs over 10 years.
The cumulative figures over 100 years are particularly informative, as shown in Figure 5.
These illustrate the total costs over 100 years (that is, they are not just the costs in the hundredth year). In general terms, the costs have moved from the right to the left. For example, as a proportion of the total amount of life cycle costs over 100 years, selection is now relatively small. It is the same amount as in year 1, but is a smaller proportion of the total over 100 years. Storage, preservation and retrieval are more substantial. It should be emphasised that these are all looked at 2002 valuation prices.
Aside from demonstrating this proportionality, the headline cost conclusions can be extracted, and the overall costs of traditional material are:
The cost of a monograph over 1 year is: 50.46 = 26% of 100 years
The cost of a monograph over 10 years is: 76.47 = 39% of 100 years
The cost of a monograph over 100 years is: 197.48 = 100% of 100 years
There are different ways of interpreting these initial findings. For example, over 10 years, two-thirds of the costs are incurred in the first year, or over 100 years, a quarter of the costs are incurred in the first year. Alternatively, over 100 years just under two thirds of the costs are incurred in years 11-100. Similar headline costs were made for serials.
4. Example of how it can be used - additional 100,000 on monographsThe following example demonstrates the application of the life cycle approach and the caution required in interpreting it.
Question. If there was an additional 100,000 spent on acquiring monographs, what are the downstream costs?
|1478 monographs @ 67.74 = 100,000
|Year 1 life cycle costs: 1478 x 50.46 = 75,000
|Over 100 years:1478 x 197.48 = 290,000
Therefore, 100,00 buys just under 1500 monographs, and the life cycle management costs in year 1 are just under 50 per monograph, which is 75,000, or a ratio of 1 to 0.75.
The life cycle management costs over 100 years are just under 200 per monograph which is 290,0000, or a ratio of 1 to 2.9
A word of caution should be introduced again. There are different interpretations of this example, which illustrate the complexity of the issue. The resource-intensive first year could be interpreted as representing about a quarter of the costs over 100 years. Conversely, the average cost for every year of the next 99 years can be interpreted as a modest 1.47 per monograph.
e-life cycleThe project aimed to determine whether the life cycle model for traditional material could be used for the e-life cycle. Three types of digital material currently being produced or acquired by the British Library were defined and analysed in parallel with the work on monographs and serials in traditional format. These four concurrent strands were pursued, with the aim of eventually coming together to one, in order to reflect the totality of the British Library's collections. The three strands of digital activity were:
1. Digitised masters
A number of digitisation projects at the British Library were analysed, ranging from large scale (New Opportunities Fund Collect Britain) to small scale (such as digitisation of subject-specific, analogue sound recordings). From these, a formula was developed (adapted from the one for traditional material) for the life cycle costs of digitised masters.
The life cycle costs of digitised masters were defined as:
K(t) = s + ipr + cons + r + cap + q + m + acs(t) + p(t)
Where K(t) is the total cost of digitised item over a period of t years
|s is the selection cost
|ipr is the cost of checking intellectual property rights
|cons is the conservation check and remedial conservation costs
|r is the retrieval and reshelving costs
|cap is the cost of capture of digitised master
|q is the cost of quality assurance of digitised master and production of service copies
|m is the metadata creation cost
|acs(t) is the access cost over time
|p(t) is the preservation and storage costs over time
Storage, preservation and access costs were difficult to determine. In particular, their long-term cost implications could not be determined with certainty ahead of a Digital Object Management programme. Therefore, a 10 year life span, with uncertainty over preservation and storage costs, was attempted. The headline costs for digitised master are that overall costs extrapolated over 10 years for the New Opportunities Fund 'Collect Britain' digitised masters files are 77 per object.
Based on the above and data collated from other digitisation projects (appendix 2) across the British Library and other institutions, it was concluded that
|the up-front scanning is a relatively small percentage
|selection and curatorial input can vary from insignificant to 75% of the costs
|checking of intellectual property rights can add significantly to costs
|calculation of storage and preservation costs are currently the most difficult and within the British Library await the Digital Object Management Programme
|preservation assessment of material and remedial conservation are frequently overlooked
2. Voluntary and Legal Deposit of Electronic Material
The figures from the Electronic Publishing Services study on the Impact of Legal Deposit to non-print publications were extrapolated together with data emerging from the VDEP-module of the Digital Object Management programme.
3. Purchased electronic publications
The Collection Development figure of 1,936,346 for 2002/03 for electronic material was analysed by both the traditional and digitisation formulae. The headline costs for purchased electronic material are that overall costs of purchased electronic in year 1 are estimated at 127.95 per item. Due to this being in the early stages of the Digital Object Management programme, storage, preservation and access costs were not included in this figure.
This is the most telling area of comparison to be made between traditional and electronic material, which can be made in the first year only at this stage.
The year 1 life cycle costs for a traditional monograph are 50.46
The year 1 life cycle costs for an electronic monograph (excluding storage, preservation and access) are 127.95
Phase by phase comparison between traditional and electronic are useful, eg
The selection cost for a traditional monograph is 13.43
The selection cost for an electronic monograph is 100.59
|"It's a way of thinking". This was a phrase coined when the project was first aired. It is noticeable how often 'life cycle' is being used as a phrase, albeit with multiple meanings, across the library but all alluding to the interconnectedness of the phases of collection management. It is one of those phrases that seems to have as many interpretations and meanings, as 'digital library'.
|It is a very complex subject with many practical, financial and strategic interdependencies. A project principle established early on was one of simplicity, in that it could easily be huge, unmanageable and undoable. Consequently, an incremental approach is being adopted.
|Whilst moving towards evidence-based librarianship/stewardship, this is not just a management information project. It was acknowledged that all the data would not be available in the first instance, and that estimates and best judgement are legitimate.
|The most significant variant is time. Over time, the costs shift from staff costs in the activity-intensive first period, to overhead and maintenance costs.
|The overall conclusion in the digital arena extrapolated from all the three electronic strands of work, namely digitised masters; purchased electronic material and voluntary deposit of electronic material, is that it is very early days for the availability of reliable data. A lot of very interesting comparisons are becoming possible in the early stages. For example between the first year life cycle costs of a traditional monograph and those of an electronic monograph, or a telling example is between the costs of selecting a paper title and the costs of selecting an electronic title.
|Generally, it is the phases of archiving and access costs for digital material that are the most difficult to quantify now. Experience at the British Library with the management of digital objects received under voluntary legal deposit, whereby DigiTool is being used (a product of Ex Libris with whom the British Library is developing its Integrated Library System) as a real time pilot will help in the next phase.
|Therefore, the lack of reliable digital storage, preservation and access costs make it currently premature to elide the strands of e-life cycling with traditional life cycling.
From all the debate and discussion within the British Library about this subject, five key questions have been posed to be addressed in the next phase, which are currently being scrutinised.
|Are the implications of the money spent on acquiring material clearly understood over time?
|Can we afford to acquire serials in more than one format i.e. print and electronic? At what point do we make the decision to transfer, and with what degree of confidence, from paper to electronic?
|Are there different ways of managing the collections, for example, elements of 'just-in-time' instead of 'just-in-case'?
|Does the life-cycle approach suggest opportunities for greater collaboration with other libraries within the UK and internationally?
|Should we establish a hierarchy of library collections, to inform prioritisation in the application of the life-cycle collection management approach, for example, with the national published archive at the top and with other countries/formats as variously lower priorities?
Taking a realistic, incremental approach, the plan for year 2 is to amplify the findings so far, to examine them in greater depth and to begin to apply the findings to current live issues, such as web archiving. The plan is to develop a tool kit to embed a life cycle collection management approach, including a communication plan to disseminate the approach across the British Library and the development of a predictive data-modelling tool. The aim is to test the method in greater detail, by investigating specific phases in the life cycle, such as cataloguing, storage and preservation and identify small, opportunistic pilots to apply alternative approaches, such as the implications of a 'just-in-time' approach. The final strand is to identify the best work being done internationally that is applicable to this approach and develop collaborative opportunities with organisations on a compatible scale.
Life cycle collection management will never be a substitute for intellectual judgement. There will be cases when it is the better thing to do to take in the boxes of 19th century donated papers with all their downstream costs rather than the one small, exquisite, inexpensive-to-store Medieval Psalter. And some of our greatest collections have been built up by leaps of faith. But it may provide one approach to the long-term stewardship of the British Library's collections.
AcknowledgementsParticular thanks are due to Stephen Morgan, the project manager over the past year of the Life Cycle Collection Management project. Also to the Stakeholder panel, namely Clive Field, Andy Stephens, Sharon Johnson, Sandra Bradbury, Natalie Ceeney, Caroline Brazier, John Tuck, Ian Henderson, Richard Boulderstone, Ronald Milne (Oxford University Library Services), Jean-Frederic Jauslin (National Swiss Library). Thanks are due to colleagues who supplied information, especially, Neil Smith, Jim Vickery, Dennis Pilling, John Byford, Alistair Greenhalgh. Other helpful input has been received from Lynne Brindley, Ian Millar, Dawn Olney, Jill Finney, Kate Byrne.
Beagrie, N., Greenstein, D. A strategic policy framework for creating and preserving digital collections. British Library. Research and Innovation Report, 107, 1998
Chapman, S.: "Counting the Costs of Digital Preservation: Is Repository Storage Affordable?".Journal of Digital Information,4 (2003), 2.http://jodi.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Articles/v04/i02/Chapman/chapman-final.pdf
Hendley, T. Comparison of methods and costs of digital preservation. British Library. Research and Innovation Report, 106,1998.
Lavoie, B.F. The Incentives to Preserve Digital Materials: Roles, Scenarios, and Economic Decision-Making. White paper published electronically by OCLC Research, 2003. http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/digipres/incentives-dp.pdf
Russell, K., E. Weinberger. Cost elements of digital preservation. Draft of 31 May 2000 http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/documents/CIW01r.html
Stephens, A. The application of life cycle costing in libraries. British journal of academic librarianship, 1988, 3(2) pp. 82-88
Stephens, A. The application of life cycle costing in libraries: a case study based on acquisition and retention of library materials in the British Library. IFLA journal, 1994, 20(2) pp. 130-140
Wright, R. Broadcast archives : preserving the future. [2002] http://presto.joanneum.ac.at/Public/ICHIM%20PRESTO%2028_05_01.pdf
The British Library. http://www.bl.uk/
CEDARS - Curl Exemplars in Digital Archives. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/cedars/
Collect Britain.http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/
DigiTool. http://www.exlibris-usa.com/digitoolibrary/index.html
IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core Programme (UBCIM). Medium term programme 1998-2001. http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/annual/98-2001.htm
IFLA Universal Availability of Publications Core Activity (UAP). http://www.ifla.org/VI/2/uap.htm
OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. http://www.oclc.org/home/
PRESTO. http://presto.joanneum.ac.at/index.asp
Glossary of collection management termsSelection - the intellectual process of selecting or (declining to select) material for the Library's collection. Includes scanning bibliographies, publishers' catalogues, reviewing items sent on approval and potential donations.
Acquisitions processing - a number of processes related to obtaining collection items for the Library. Includes ordering, receipting invoice processing, ownership marking and for second and subsequent serials issues, labelling.
Cataloguing - the compilation of a list that records, describes and indexes items that comprise the Library's collection. Includes amendments to the records that form the list.
First handling - a number of processes relating to placing collection items into storage and ensuring that they can be found again when required by Library users or staff. Includes pressmarking & labelling and placing.
Initial preservation - those specific policies and practices involved in protecting library materials from deterioration, damage and decay including provision of boxes for unbound serial parts and pamphlet material, binding new serial volumes, phase boxing and placing material in acid free envelopes.
General preservation - interventive conservation including rebinding.
Retrieval & replacement - the retrieval of collection material required by users from storage and replacing in storage after use. While these activities are not strictly speaking collection management activities it was felt crucial to include them since they involve significant costs and are key to providing access to physical items in the collection.
Examples of British Library digitisation projects
|project A
|project B
|project C
Project A: Selection was high, because it required very specialised selection by an expert. Metadata was low, because it was derived from existing records.
Project B: No selection was required, but metadata creation took twice as long.
Project C: PR checking was significantly time-consuming and a manual process.
LIBER Quarterly, Volume 13 (2003), No. 3/4


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Current Instapaper and former Tumblr developer Marco Arment wonders out loud if Google Android phones can ever achieve the levels of usability and polish Apple's iPhone has arguably had since day one:
Android will continue to exhibit what Google does best: great low-level engineering and tight integration with Google's other services. But it's never going to be Apple-like in user experience, polish, or design.
Attention to detail, like most facets of truly good design, can't be (and never is) added later. It's an entire development philosophy, methodology, and culture.
Armant argues that users waiting for Android to get iPhone-like fit and finish "any day now" shouldn't hold their breath. (Probably any more than iPhone users should hold their breath for Google-like features, such as a less curated market open to system-wide enhancers.)
Smartphone platforms as reflections of the corporate cultures is an interesting idea that doesn't stop with consistent UI or tightly integrated hardware. HP/Palm's webOS, is both slick and far more "open" when it comes to end user than open-source alternatives. Apple has wrested almost all control away from carriers, as they rest almost all control away from users as well. Google has let carriers run roughshod over Android's user experience, writing fringe blog posts about the problem but not withholding Gmail or Android Market from user-hostile handsets. (The way Apple would withhold the entire iPhone for years -- see Verizon.)
If that's the case, can those corporate cultures be transcended? Could Android 3.0 Honeycomb come out with a UI as consistent and delightful as anything from Apple? Could iOS 5 packs as much power and as many features as Google throws at their phones? I think they can, though it requires Keyser Sose (or Steve Jobs) level "single act of will" to achieve. I'm betting there's no C-level drive at Google to go iPhone's last usability mile and Steve Jobs has no interest in being more like Android.
So Android probably won't ever achieve iPhone's level of polish and usability, and that probably doesn't matter to anyone who isn't already using an iPhone for those very reasons. We're left in a world where each platform has its strengths and weaknesses and we have the luxury to move between them as best suits our needs at the time.


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So much for a good nights sleep. The CME Group has decided to match its competition and go with a longer trading day. Soybeans, corn, rice and wheat futures are now trading electronically from 5 p.m. to 2 p.m. the next afternoon. The change means ag markets will trade virtually around the clock, leaving market participants only a three-hour breather between sessions. The settlements will still be based on the pit closing prices at 1:15 p.m. As with most changes, there will be losers and winners. Farmers will likely fall somewhere between the two.
The clear winners will be the "high frequency" traders, especially on report days. High frequency traders are all about speed. Using super-fast supercomputers, they make trades in a matter of microseconds, that's 1 millionth of a second. They look for short term market opportunities and inefficiencies that come and go very quickly. Their objective is to collect tiny gains hundreds and thousands of times each day. High frequency traders currently account for over 50 percent of the stock trading volume in the United States. The percentage is smaller in the commodity markets, but is growing.
In the ag markets, the high frequency traders' speed advantage will show up most noticeably when the USDA puts out important crop reports. Prior to the change, market participants had a couple of hours after a report to digest the numbers and formulate strategy before the markets opened back up. Now, unless an exception is made, our markets will be trading when the numbers are reported. That means the quickest orders will have the advantage. What you will likely see on report days will be more volatility in the form of exaggerated price moves.
I currently work as an agricultural marketing consultant, helping producers market their crops, but in my former life I was managing director and head of trading for a hedge fund. I dealt with high-frequency traders on a daily basis. On one hand they can be a real annoyance when it comes to pushing markets around, but on the other hand, they do provide added liquidity. They also bring in substantial revenue to the exchanges which means they are probably not going anywhere.
To give you an idea of how important speed is, consider this. A New Jersey company is currently laying a $300 million fiber optic cable stretching 3,000 miles under the North Atlantic connecting financial centers in New York and London. They plan on leasing the cable to a handful of high frequency trading firms. What will they get for their money? Data will make the round trip between New York and London five milliseconds faster than before. As a senior vice president of the company laying the cable put it, "Those extra five milliseconds could be worth millions every time they hit the button."
If you are a producer with a long term marketing strategy, the added volatility brought by the high frequency trading and extending trading hours is not necessarily a bad thing. Some days volatility will work to your advantage sending prices to levels you likely would not see otherwise. These opportunities may come and go very quickly so you must be prepared. That speaks to a well defined marketing plan and having resting orders called in to your buyers.
The risk of added volatility will fall most heavily on traders with a short-term perspective. They will find themselves at a distinct disadvantage trying to deal with rapid short-term moves having little to do with market fundamentals. That will certainly include producers who try to outguess the markets, and those who make spontaneous marketing decisions based on whims and feeling.
A strategy changing impact high frequency traders have already had on our markets concerns "stop" orders. These are basically "get me out" orders that futures traders place in the market in an attempt to limit their risks should the market move against their position. They are often placed above or below important chart price points and become a "market order" when a specified price level is hit. Short-term volatility fueled by the high frequency trading can make it difficult, if not impossible, to get out of a losing position in an efficient manner. There are even high frequency trading strategies designed to anticipate where stops will likely be placed. The result – stops no longer provide the market protection you might expect, and short term moves are not to be trusted.
The bottom line for the producer is that extended trading hours, high frequency traders and market volatility are likely here to stay. The key to marketing success is to work a well-conceived long-term plan. Don't try to battle in the short-term, you are overmatched.


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Session anyone??
Looks like there could be a good session at Alameda this afternoon. I have a dentist app. at 2pm and could be on the water by 3pm if anyone is down. All depends on the wind though.
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WRC: FIA World Rally Championship on the PSP (PlayStation Portable) features 16 official rallies from around the world, including Japan and Mexico, plus 19 bonus stages and downloadable content. Now you can jump into the driver seat of one of 30 cars, including Evolution and Extreme spec cars. The game includes a total of six official car manufacturers and 17 official drivers from 2004. Test your skills against the best WRC drivers in the world, or link up to other PSPs via Wi-Fi for multiplayer battles.
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I had the chance to talk to New York Mets left-handed pitching prospect Jack Leathersich last February before he headed to Port St. Lucie for the start of Spring Training.
With the news that Jack has been promoted to Triple-A Las Vegas, I thought today would be the perfect time to look back at what me and him talked about during our phone conversation where we both covered a lot of ground.
Jack is 2-0 with three saves this season and a 1.53 ERA. He also has an incredible 55 strikeouts in 29.1 innings and 194 strikeouts in 114.0 innings overall during his minor league career.
After being taken by the Mets in the 5th round of the 2011 MLB draft, Jack has now completed two solid and exciting years as a pro, and has quickly risen up the ranks of many a Mets top prospects list. The talented southpaw has posted some dazzling strikeout numbers at each level as he quickly moves through the Mets system.
Jack, 22, is a well grounded young man who loves the game and has a profound respect for the art of pitching. He sees each new challenge as another opportunity to learn more about his craft and improving his approach. In my conversation with him, I could tell how important winning was to him and he often mentioned how much he wants to help his teammates and the team succeed.
In our interview, we discussed how far he has come in the last two years in terms of his development and what his goals are for this season. I asked him who he likens himself to, some of the players he's looked up to, the things he's learned as a pro, and a host of other subjects. Enjoy the interview…
Joe D. – First of all congratulations on a successful second pro season last year and for helping St. Lucie get into the FSL playoffs. It must have been quite an exciting year for you. Thank you so much for taking the time to answer some questions for our readers at MetsMerizedOnline.com. Here goes and reply back at your convenience.
Joe D. – When did your workout schedule begin and can you describe your regimen and how you stay in shape in the offseason?
Jack – I started working about September 10 which was about five days after the season ended. I work out and train at Cresse Performance where they have a new facility with everything we need. I know Eric Cresse personally and he's the best of the best. It's a large facility and a lot of the pros all go there — they have two cages and two mounds, a full staff and all the workout equipment you need.
Joe D. – What specifically do you work on when you're Cresse's, do you have a specific program or regimen that you go through?
Jack – They designed a personal workout program that is suited to my needs and goals. It focuses on heavy legs, shoulder care, and of course arm care. After a long season, stuff starts to break down and you need to get it back to full strength.
Joe D. – How was your stamina at the end of the season?
Jack – It was good. After my first year in 2011, going from my final college season and then onto Brooklyn, I got very tired at the end of the season and I just broke down. I learned how hard a season can be and how long it is. That offseason I learned that there are things I can do that will help me stay strong all year. I don't really take a long break after the season ends and I prefer instead to workout and build my strength and stamina. I did a pretty good job last year and I stayed strong and felt better because of it. That's why it was important for me to continue what I started as far as working out after the season. so that I could take care of my arm so that I could keep it as fresh as it can be. Having a tired arm my first year was one of the worst things.
Joe D. – What was the most important lesson you took from last season?
Jack – Being more consistent. Last season I was blessed because I got to work with two great pitching coaches, Frank Viola and Phil Regan. Those two are the best of the best and there aren't two better pitching coaches anywhere. Sometimes I can get a little inconsistent with my mechanics and that's always been my biggest downfall. But those two really helped me to become more consistent with my delivery. Also, I sometimes have a tendency to start flying open a little bit and I end up leaving too many balls up which can get me into trouble. But they taught me how to keep the ball down more consistently and especially with my breaking ball and changeup.
Joe D. – Describe your arsenal for me.
Jack – I only throw a four-seam fast ball, I don't throw a two-seamer any more because it was slower and flatter, so now I just stick with the four-seamer. My other two pitchers are a slider and change-up, I guess you'd say that's pretty standard for a lefty.
Joe D. – What kind of action and movement do you have on your fastball, it's obviously missing a lot of bats.
Jack – It runs in late and has nice action. I try to keep it low in the zone and outside with it early, and then I like to come in on a hitter late in the count. My goal is to try and catch the hitter off guard.
Joe D. – Are you working on any new pitches or are you going to stick with those three for now?
Jack – Obviously I've thought about it and I've thought about a cutter or something like that. But I don't really believe that the more pitches you can throw the better you are. I've really worked hard this offseason to make my three pitches the best that they can be. Trying to work on a new pitch can make you lose sight of making the pitches you already throw, better. I think it's important for me right now to focus and just work on refining the pitches I already have. It would be great to come into a game and have all three of them pitches working like they're supposed to all at once.
Joe D. – Do you have a particular way that you like to go after hitters? What is your mindset when you take the mound? Do you have the same approach whether there are runners on base or not?
Jack – No, not really. I go up there and I'm just trying to get ahead in the count and get some outs. I'm not afraid to let them hit the ball, especially at this level where I know my teammates have my back and so far they have been unbelievable. They are out there making all the plays and I trust them. I try not to think about the situation and I pretty much prefer to just go after guys and attack that situation pitch by pitch. I try to stay calm and my goal is to keep my team in it and hopefully we end up with the "W" after the game.
Joe D. – So Basically you're telling me you like to get up on the mound and just start pounding the zone, going after each hitter one at a time, and not being afraid to pitch to contact? You're pretty much telling the hitter, "here's my best pitch, take your best shot at it?"
Jack – Absolutely. Exactly. But don't get me wrong… If I read the pitching report and I know that a hitter can't hit a breaking ball then he'll get the best breaking ball I can throw. I'm not trying to over-think things, I try to stay focused on how to get a hitter out. I believe that if I can make good pitches, I'm gonna get most guys out. I trust all of my pitches.
Joe D. – Are those pitching reports a big part of your preparation before each game?
Jack – Oh yeah. At the higher levels from what I've noticed you pay attention to details more and I learn a bunch about hitters from my teammates as well. I like to hang around the older guys who come to St. Lucie to do their rehabs – you can really learn so much from them and they are always willing to help. There's a lot that goes into pitching. But the bottom line is that you really have to use your head out there and not over-think everything so much.
Joe D. – Normally, when you look at a lefthanded reliever and check out his splits you expect to see that he dominates lefthanded hitters more than righthanded hitters. Last season, LH hitters hit only .256 against you in St. Lucie, not bad. But you held RH hitters to a .205 average. Is that normal for you?
Jack – Actually, I didn't even know those numbers. I don't think about that too much. Obviously I have a different game plan for left-handed and right-handed hitters, but I basically try to stick with the same stuff – try to attack with my fastball and use my offspeed stuff when I need to. I mean lefty or righty, it doesn't really make a difference to me – I don't really mind facing either and you do have to get good at facing both of them.
Joe D. – We often see many left-handed relievers steered towards careers as a bullpen specialist in the majors or pigeon-holed into a LOOGY role. But sometimes you come across a southpaw like you that possesses great crossover stuff and is highly effective against both leftys and rightys. A lot of us are excited about the possibilities of your future moving forward with the Mets.
Jack – Thank you.
Joe D. – You started out last season with a bang, I mean you were untouchable. Then you had a couple of bumpy months in June and August, but you finished extremely strong and held the opposition to a .194 batting average in your last ten appearances with 24 strikeouts in 15 innings pitched. Did you make some sort of an adjustment toward the end?
Jack – It's a long season and I've learned a lot last year about myself and about pitching. I went through a little rut those months and at the time it was really frustrating and I was being really hard on myself. But as I look back, it made me a lot better in the long run. It's a learning process — there's a reason why every pitcher doesn't have a zero ERA. You're gonna get hit at some point and what's important is how you bounce back and that you are better because of it. I was unhappy at times obviously, but it was good and I'm happy now because I went through it and learned a lot from that last year. It was good.
Joe D. – From many of the other players I've watched and spoken to over the years, one of the common things I hear about when they are going through a rut, is that eventually they came out of it once they stopped thinking so much about it. The ones who come out of it quickly are the ones who stay positive, go back to basics, keep within themselves and basically start having some fun again.
Jack – Absolutely. Baseball is a game, but I also understand that it's my job and I take that very seriously. What matters most to me is that the team is winning. No matter what I will always give my best effort when I'm out there so that me and my teammates win as many games as we can. I try to keep my emotions to myself and try to think positive all the time. Negative thoughts are not only going to make it tough on you, but it also makes it tough on your teammates and you don't want to do that. Just like you said, it's all about staying positive, keeping it fun and remembering it's a game.
Joe D. – Don't ever forget that, Jack.
Jack – Definitely, I won't.
Joe D. – This will be your second spring with the Mets. What do they have you doing this spring? What do they have you focusing on?
Jack – I haven't had a chance to discuss what the plan is with my coaches yet, but I can tell you that I'm in the best shape I can possibly be in and that my arm feels great and I'm ready to go. It doesn't really matter to me what their plan for me is, I'm more focused on doing what ever they need me to do to help the team win. Wherever I end up this season, my mindset never changes, I want to help my team win.
Joe D. – Speaking of where you end up, I have every reason to believe that we'll be seeing you at Double-A Binghamton – perhaps even to begin the season. Going from High-A to AA is probably the biggest and most challenging jump for any prospect. How do you prepare for something like? What do you need to focus on to excel at that next level?
Jack – I try not to think about that too much. I'm just going to always try and put myself in a situation where I'm playing at my best and then see what happens from there.
Joe D. – So what are you saying – you're a "take-it-as-it-comes" type of guy?
Jack – Absolutely. But look, I've heard that Double-A is a big jump and the that hitters are so much better up there and harder to get out, but that's why I've been working on improving my offspeed pitches this offseason. And that's why I'm very focused on trying to refine everything right now especially my offspeed stuff.
Joe D. – Since the end of last season, I've been telling anyone that will listen that you are the best left-hander in the system AND that I wouldn't be shocked to see you in the majors as soon as 2013. Fast forward three months later… During a Q&A with season ticket holders at Citi Field in February, Mets Exec J.P. Ricciardi was asked what prospect he was most excited to see this season. Dude, he picked you! And not only that, he said you're one of the prospects who could get a taste of the big leagues at some point this year. What have you got to say about that?
Jack – (After a nice chuckle) You know thanks so much, and J.P. – well he's a great guy, and we have a pretty good relationship. That's great, but it doesn't really mean anything until I can go out there and do it and prove that I belong. I need to go out there this season and do my thing. I need to show them that I deserve to climb the ladder. Actions speak a lot louder than words. I'm gonna show up, let them know that I'm happy to be here, and that I'm ready to go. Let's see what happens.
Joe D. – You spent some time in Savannah to start last season before finishing up in St. Lucie. Tell our readers what teammate you were you most impressed with last season and why? Who really stood out to you last year and who should Met fans be really excited about?
Jack – Oh yeah, definitely T.J. Rivera – he's the one. He's the real deal. I've never been around a kid who prepares as well as he does. He just really loves the game and it seems like every time I see him he's out on the field working on something. Rivera plays hard and is completely balls to the wall – he'll do anything to make sure we win. He's a great teammate and obviously a great player and everybody should be real excited about him. If he continues the great things he did last season, and I'm pretty sure that he will, he'll be a lot of fun to watch.
Joe D. – What baseball team did you root for growing up? Who is your favorite player? Is there a major league player, past or present, that you think you are similar to in style? Or someone that you can see yourself pitching like someday in the majors?
Jack – I was a Boston Red Sox fan growing up, but my favorite player has always been Tom Glavine actually.
Joe D. – No kidding? Glavine huh… Most Met fans are very familiar with that guy. What are some of the comparisons you've heard about yourself?
Jack – Obviously every pitcher is different, but I hear the name Billy Wagner a lot, although I must admit I don't have the stuff he has.
Joe D. – Don't sell yourself short. In preparing for this interview I discovered your numbers compared amazingly well to Billy Wagner at the same age and level, and you both have similar builds and height. Your strikeout and walk rates, and your WHIP, BAA, K/BB are actually all significantly better, and I for one am very excited about that.
Jack – I mean that's what I've heard too, but I'm just trying to be my own player. Billy Wagner, man I loved watching him on the mound, he was just fearless every time he pitched. He couldn't care less who was up at the plate because he knew he was going to get that batter out. And as for Tom Glavine, his command was ridiculous – he could the ball anywhere he wanted. I remember the times my dad and I would sit on our couch to see him pitch – analyzing everything about the way he pitched. He was fun to watch.
Joe D. – Give me a message for the fans… What do you want to tell them as we wrap this baby up?
Jack – I just want to win this year, wherever the team decides to put me. I'm committed to winning. I owe that to myself and my teammates. I'm going to go out there and do my job and that is to get outs – pitch by pitch. My desire is to win and I want to represent the Mets organization well.
Joe D. – Thanks so much, Jack. Go out there and have a kick-ass season….
Jack – You bet, it's been a pleasure
Jack's been my sleeper since the day we drafted him… Look for big things from him in 2013 and even a late call-up. You can follow Jack Leathersich on Twitter at @LeatherRocket.


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Yes! Yes! Yes! What for millions of Filipinos is something they can do in their sleep with one hand tied behind their back, is a major rite of passage and coming of age for me. Adobo is something I have never even thought of cooking myself…and with the number of people that do cook it, you never really have to. You can go your whole life just eating other people's adobo. Truth be told though, I was scared to try. Why be scared of what is basically a simple dish touted to be the calling card of Filipino cuisine and loved by almost all? Well, precisely because of that. Practically every Filipino out there has their own favorite Adobo…recipes they swear by, with a flavor they have loved their whole lives. Could I start from scratch and hazard an amateur attempt this late in the game? Find my way to Adobo nirvana when everyone else seemed to have left the starting gate generations ago? Hmmm…did I not learn to drive at the ripe old age of 29? Better late then never, and there is no time like the present to start my own Adobo tradition in my fledgling family.
So, as with most new dishes I try, I looked through cookbooks, asked my sources, and scanned through the internet. I found a recipe that I liked in Mae's fabulous Rice and Noodles. It was a recipe that looked delicious and at the same time sounded simple and undaunting. And, as with all her entries, was accompanied by a very appetizing picture! You can find her Chicken Adobo recipe here. One of the things I like about it is how she makes you mix all the ingredients for the sauce beforehand in jug, and, as she puts it:
Enticing words and I was duly enticed! I set about getting all the ingredients together, and as you can see from the photo above, made sure to document the event! Including the "hidden Chichajo" in the pictures as I dorkily love doing.
Now, a fork in the road, chicken or pork adobo? C (who is a bigger adobo eater than me) likes chicken, I (surprise, surprise) like pork. And everyone, including my mother, advises against cooking chicken and pork together in one adobo. Logically because the cooking times differ. But I stubbornly use both and just fish the chicken out earlier, once it is done, and leave the pork to get tender.
So if you and your significant other, like C and I, are like Jack Sprat and his wife, then this may be the adobo for you.
The only things I changed from the original recipe were: adding the pork, nixing the potatoes (I didn't have any at the time), using regular soy sauce instead of light and dark, and cane vinegar (sukang puti) instead of malt vinegar (again, because of availability). I wanted to try reducing the sauce after the pork was done, but I ran out of gas. Thank goodness it was already done! Oh boy…adventures in adobo-making!
As I sat down to my first ever self-made adobo meal I was in heaven! It was definitely not bad for a first attempt, added to the disbelief that "yes, I finally managed it!", made for a very heart and tummy warming meal. And yes, C liked it too! 🙂
To try next time:
- Reducing sauce and re-frying the chicken and/or pork
- Shredding chicken and/or pork to make homemade "adobo flakes"
- Frying with rice to make adobo fried rice


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Border of a Dream: Selected Poems of Antonio Machado
Copper Canyon Press, 2004 - History - 516 pages
Antonio Machado (1875-1939) is Spain's master poet, the explorer of dream and landscape, and of consciousness below language. Widely regarded as the greatest twentieth century poet who wrote in Spanish, Machado--like his contemporary Rilke--is intensely introspective and meditative. In this collection, the unparalleled translator Willis Barnstone, returns to the poet with whom he first started his distinguished career, offering a new bilingual edition which provides a sweeping assessment of Machado's work. In addition, Border of a Dream includes a reminiscence by Nobel Laureate Juan Ramón Jiménez and a foreword by John Dos Passos.
from "Proverbs and Songs"
Absolute faith. We neither are nor will be.
Born near Seville, Spain, Antonio Machado turned to a career in writing and translating in order to help support his family after the death of his father in 1893. His growing reputation as a poet led to teaching posts in various cities in Spain and, eventually, he returned to finish his degree from the University of Madrid in 1918. He remained in Madrid after the outbreak of civil war, committed to the Republican cause, but the violence finally forced him to flee. He died an exile in France.
Willis Barnstone is one of America's foremost translator-poets, bringing into English an extraordinary range of work, from Mao Tse-tung to the New Testament.
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Adle's Armada is the controlling faction of the Eravate system and of the starports therein at Cleve Hub and Ackerman Market.
Some weeks ago an organisation known as the Diamond Frogs announced that it had delivered multiple Unknown Artefacts to Ackerman Market. That starport has been without services ever since.
48 hours after this announcement, Adle's Armada launched a punitive strike on the said organisation's home system of 63 G. Capricorni, destroying ten ships piloted by Diamond Frog Cmdrs.
The Diamond Frogs are well aware that the delivery of dangerous alien contraband to Eravate is viewed as an act of terrorism. In light of the same, it was confirmed by a DF member during the recent Galactic broadcast that when the decision was taken to announce the delivery of further Artefacts to Eravate, 'We knew what we were getting into.' Unfortunately for the terrorists, they decided to recruit an intern for this task, who pre-announced his imminent work placement via public Galactic media.
In accordance with Adle's Armada's prime duty of defending the starter systems from hostility, considerable forces were therefore tasked with preventing this further act of terrorism, whilst other Armada members continued to protect Eravate and the LHS 3447 Community Goal from criminal elements.
Last night, the terrorists attempted their mission. Adle's Armada forces were joined by a number of other Cmdrs (to whom the Federation owes its thanks) in deploying multiple wings of combat ships to supercruise in Eravate and surrounding systems and to normal space at Eravate stations, including in particular Cleve Hub (the closest station to the star) and Maine Hub (the terrorists' intended target).
As soon as hostiles were identified, Adle's Armada and their allied wings engaged and executed multiple targets, destroying much dangerous contraband in the process.
During the course of the engagement it became clear that the Diamond Frogs may have duped a pilot who professes to have most experience of exploration into attempting to transport their principal Unknown Artefact for them. This pilot was apprehended attempting to dock at Cleve Hub and subsequently imprisoned there, his ship unable to leave the station due to massed Adle's Armada and allied vessels. Thus the terrorists' mission failed (and Cleve Hub contains no Black Market, so an alternative delivery could not be made).
Upon the 'terrorist intern' being apprehended by Federation ground forces, he said that he 'did not understand what was going on' and 'did not want to start a war'.
Tribute must be paid to this young man's courage, given that he had continued to attempt to fulfil his misconceived mission notwithstanding intercepted Diamond Frog communications in which he was repeatedly urged to, 'Use Stealth Mode! Use Stealth Mode! Use Stealth Mode!' (This is understood to refer not to engaging silent running but to an attempted warp-shift into a parallel reality. The intern refused.)
Given his conspicuous bewildered gallantry, the captive has been granted a stay of execution and is currently undergoing detailed analysis by Adle's Armada neuro-psychologists. Early indications are reported to be positive: it may be that his personality is not irredeemable and he may yet find more benign internships in future.
An Outfitting Technician working at Maine Hub, commented:
'I really would like to thank the Armada for saving our station's services by rail gunning those UA bombers to death.'
Adle's Armada Official Forums Account
All Cmdrs are invited to view Ep.14 here:-


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Difference between revisions of "Talk:Initscripts/rc.conf"
(→Netcfg configuration deprecated?: rm closed discussion)
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ret = (adjtime.local_utc != LOCAL);
ret = (adjtime.local_utc != LOCAL);
Revision as of 08:15, 18 August 2012
Deprecated options suggestion
As rc.conf is a major wiki article and I don't want to waste everyone's time making changes that are not desirable, I'd like to open a discussion about listing deprecated options. Mentioning UDEV_TIMEOUT on forums initiated a developer response, stating that the option is no longer usable. There was no reference on rc.conf wiki anymore, and such information can be easily missed while updating. This brought me to an idea that deprecated options could be listed on wiki, to make people aware that their functionality has been dropped, and perhaps linking to a way to replace it if one is known. Provided that such information would be properly labeled not to cause any confusion, I can't see any real downsides to it, though I'm not entirely sure that listing obsolete information in this way is desirable. Please share your thoughts. - Meph 20:40, 23 January 2012 (EST)
- My opinion: only if necessary (in situations like yours). --AlexanderR 21:58, 23 January 2012 (EST)
- I can't see any real downsides either, I'd just create a separate section for deprecated options, and make sure to write the last version of initscripts where the option was present, so that in the future it will be possible to remove the options which have been deprecated for too long. Also a brief description of the purpose of the section may prevent somebody from deleting it in case they think it's useless. -- Kynikos 06:43, 24 January 2012 (EST)
HARDWARECLOCK random string
Four options are given for HARDWARECLOCK. UTC, localtime, an empty string, and any other value. From experience, any other value behaves the same as an empty string. hwclock's source code seems to confirm this.--Stijn 18:04, 17 April 2012 (EDT)
hwclock.c 230-236
if (utc) ret = TRUE; /* --utc explicitly given on command line */ else if (local_opt) ret = FALSE; /* --localtime explicitly given */ else /* get info from adjtime file - default is UTC */ ret = (adjtime.local_utc != LOCAL);
I can't find any documentation on this file. All the other "new" configuration files are conveniently documented in man pages, but the best I can get on this file, is man page for a function. Where did I not look? Is this file a simple new-line/EOF ended file, like hostname, or does it go VARIABLE=value like other files? --Freso (talk) 08:15, 18 August 2012 (UTC)


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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
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http://www.realityblurred.com/realitytv/archives/survivor_cook_islands/2006_Aug_25_nyc_politicians_rallyI expect a full report, Trevor.
Well really at this point there is nothing they can do because its already been filmed and finished what are they suspose to do now? redo everything. people just need to get a life. if they dont like it they dont have to watch it. there are so many other issues that are much more pressing that could be addressed
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- Description
The Copper Factory is bringing the rich tradition of copper to homes across the country and beyond with a comprehensive line of hand crafted bathroom and kitchen sinks bathtub and other matching accessories. Starting with native copper experienced craftsmen hand hammer or sand cast each piece to create durable hygenic and above all attractive product offering that suit a variety of lifestyles from traditional farmhouses to contemporary urban lofts. Welcome to The Copper Factory Experience.
The Decorative 100% solid copper Bath Sinks are hand hammered and finished by experienced craftsmen who take pride in their handiwork. This dedication to the personal attention and accountibility for each workers efforts creates a unique product which cannot be matched in quality and value by automated mass production factories. Each Copper Factory product is handled and inspected by several experienced artisans who all have the authority to reject anything less than excellent quality assuring only the Best product has The Copper Factory name. The durable and attractive finishes give our products a rich and inviting appearance which is suitable in traditional or contemporary designs.
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Finish: Antique Copper SKU: CF152AN
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About the Company - The Copper Factory
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|Item Weight
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|Installation Type
|Drop In
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|21 x 15 1/2 x 5
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|Drain Size
|1 5/8
|Bowl Type
|Single Bowl


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by Wesley Ratko
The Development Review Committee of the Chestnut Hill Community Association voted unanimously at its March 19 meeting to support an exception to the zoning code that would allow Bone Appetite, a boutique pet store and dog groomer at 8517 Germantown Ave. to add a self-service dog wash area at the rear of the store.
The DRC recommendation will be sent to the CHCA board meeting, scheduled for Thursday, March 28, with the proviso that the building's owner, Bowman Properties, returns to the DRC for review if a new tenant wishes to continue the same use, and to return with a sign package before posting additional signage.
Representatives from Bowman were on-hand, along with Bone Appetite owner Betsy Olif, to present the modifications needed for the dog grooming service, which include sinks, faucets, and additional plumbing. The special exception permit would expire with Bone Appetite's current lease.
Olif said there were no immediate plans to post additional signs advertising the service, but said she would return to the DRC with any plans and drawings before posting any additional signage.
The dog wash will keep the same hours as the store, though no new dogs will be allowed in one hour before closing.
"They'll all be gone by 5:30," Olif said.
Olif also presented the DRC with certified letters of support from adjacent businesses, for which committee co-chair John Landis commended her.
SCH update
Springside Chestnut Hill Academy trustee Henry O'Reilly appeared for the first time since July 2012 to review progress in the planning and design of improvements to the school's athletic fields and associated athletic facilities along Willow Grove Avenue.
Several provisos were agreed to by Springside, its neighbors, and the Chestnut Hill Community Association in their willingness to support variances granted last summer.
"Our game plan is to start the tennis pavilion foundation and have that finished by the beginning of the summer," O'Reilly said, "then roll into the stadium and have that finished by sometime mid-November."
O'Reilly said the school is working with the Church of St. Martin in the Field and the Philadelphia Cricket Club to extend the sidewalk along Willow Grove Avenue on the Cricket Club side, but no decisions about this have yet been made, pending the Cricket Club's completion of its own master plan.
O'Reilly presented DRC members with updated renderings of the tennis pavilion, stadium, and bleachers. He noted that the overall height of all the buildings is lower than originally planned.
He also said the building plans will now use less wood and more stone, to "create something that was more in keeping with the character of the Wissahickon."
Despite the work, DRC co-chair John Landis was disappointed with the changes, saying the older design was more elegant than the proposed changes.
"It's a very 'blah' building with a big metal roof," Landis said.
Near neighbors Peter and Nancy Martin, who have been involved with the process since last summer, were present but had no specific concerns about O'Reilly's presentation.
"We just wanted to come and be a part of this," said Nancy Martin, "because we've been involved in other issues before, and we're in continuing discussion [with them]."
Landis urged both O'Reilly and the near-neighbors to keep the discussion open.
After detailed review and discussion of the many changes to the design, O'Reilly agreed to meet with an architecture subcommittee for further review of the proposed changes to the plans. He also agreed to return to the DRC one last time to review plans for tree plantings and lighting once they have been completed.


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Translation Disclaimer
Welcome to the Police Review Commission site at the City of Berkeley, CA.
Berkeley voters created the Police Review Commission (PRC) in 1973 to ensure that Berkeley police officers act in a manner that conforms to community standards. The PRC is a nine-member commission composed of Berkeley residents appointed by City Council members and the Mayor. The PRC hears individual complaints and makes policy recommendations to the City Manager and the Chief of Police. The PRC continually seeks contribution and feedback from the Berkeley community in this collaborative effort. PRC meetings and policy subcommittee meetings are open to the public, and everyone is welcome. The PRC accepts complaints against Berkeley police officers in person, via mail, fax, or electronic mail. Please call (510) 981-4950 for more information.


text: Fresno Jewish Film Series – 2018 by jewishfilmfests · September 10, 2018 Where: Fresno, CA, USAWhen: October 13, 2018 to May 18, 2019Tickets and informationFacebookFilms shown# Film Buy/Watch Cover 1 A.K.A Nadia 2 The Band's Visit 3 Laces / Shoelaces 4 The Samuel Project 5 Shelter 6 Simon & Theodore / Simon et Théodore 7 The Testament For information about this festival, including films shown and schedule, please click the 'website' link above. (This site is not affiliated with the festival.) Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Comment Name * Email * Website Notify me of new posts by email. Follow: Support JewishFilmFesivals.org Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: Cookie Policy Recent Posts Reflections on "Bird in the Room" (2015, Israel, 67 min) The 41 movies added to this site in January 2019 Recent changes to this site (January 2019) The 21 movies added to this site in December 2018 The 70 movies added to this site in November 2018 The 46 movies added to this site in October 2018 The 64 movies added to this site in September 2018 May you be inscribed in the book of life for a sweet and happy year. The 83 movies added to this site in August 2018 The 119 movies added to this site between May and July 2018 Recently Added FilmsStammPaddingtonAlt-Right: Age of Rage1938 Different / 1938 – DiversiMadam Yankelova's Fine Literature ClubBlack Book / ZwartboekWerewolf / WilkolakSustainable NationSunset / NapszálltaThe StarfishBlogroll Amy Kronish' Israeli Film blog Rabbis at the Movies Tzivi's Second City


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Everyone seems to think movie theaters will soon be extinct, but that's far from the truth. Here are five innovations that cinemas will make to stave off their demise.
|Scooped by Dean Meyers
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Juliana Loh's curator insight, September 10, 2013 3:42 AM
TREND SPOTTING: The design and development of 'cards' that pushes pieces of relevant information via mobile your way: We're starting to see this trend being realized already: Focused Marketing and movement AWAY from engine searches
ex. "With Google Now, Google is rethinking information distribution, away from search, to personalised information pushed to mobile devices. Their design pattern for this is cards."
UnitedByPhotography's curator insight, September 15, 2013 6:33 PM
People will always opt for what's right for them over pocket sized convenience.
The Digital Rocking Chair's curator insight, September 5, 2013 1:12 AM
Taylor Casti: "Special effect Vine and Instagram videos are among the most popular within each app. Want to make one yourself? We'll teach you how."
Henrik Safegaard - Cloneartist's curator insight, September 5, 2013 4:48 AM
Vine and Instagram have provided unique platforms for users to showcase their creative ability. While a few seconds with a cellphone camera seems very limiting as a way to share videos, users continue to astound these social networking communities with their unique and clever approaches.
Click to see how it works.
Carole Maurage's curator insight, August 28, 2013 6:27 AM
Pré-commandez-le dès maintenant (adresse email à la fin de cet extrait), ce livre promet d'être une formidable ressource pour innover. Le volume 2 est déjà en train d'être écrit.
Dean Meyers's curator insight, November 14, 2014 9:49 PM
In this article written by Jeong Hunny (email@example.com), he notes that, "On likes to think of herself as the Christopher Columbus of visual thinking in Korea."
On's company, Social Frog, aims to "propagate the hidden wisdom" in visual thinking across Korea, offering classes in visual thinking in schools, corporations and other individual members interested in the much-coveted skills in the age of digital convergence and creativity-led business startups.
Visual thinking transcends language, culture and generational differences. Considering the amazing amount and quality of technology created and produced in South Korea (Samsung and LG being the first to come to mind), it's good to see that this startup openly focuses on using the "soft skill" of drawing to ""propagate the hidden wisdom" in visual thinking across Korea, offering classes in visual thinking in schools, corporations and other individual members interested in the much-coveted skills in the age of digital convergence and creativity-led business startups.
It would be interesting to see if she develops techniques that be delivered everywhere to help people use visual thinking in every field.
Tina Stock's curator insight, October 4, 2013 8:59 AM
gotta think of ways to make this work - it's truly brilliant!
Sophia Liang's curator insight, April 4, 2014 11:29 AM
A useful tip AND and example of how visuals make ideas sticky. (Pun intended.)
malek's curator insight, July 28, 2013 4:09 PM
A rapidly growing discipline of Visual Practice. Her's a trial of validating the field through a combination of quantitative and qualitative data on results


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COOKEVILLE, Tenn. --- A flair for the dramatic is what Tennessee Tech volleyball fans have become accustomed to this season at Eblen Center, and Friday evening's match against SIU Edwardsville was no exception as the Golden Eagles rallied from a 2-1 deficit to take the match in five sets.
After dropping two of the first three sets, thing were looking bleak for the Golden Eagles as the Cougars held a three-point lead late in the fourth set at 20-17. SIUE managed to hold its lead and had a match-point opportunity at 24-23.
Junior Kelsey Gray responded with her second kill of the set, which set the stage for freshman Ellen Conti. Conti, who tallied a career-high 21 kills in the match, tallied her biggest kills of the match as she notched back-to-back kills to force a deciding fifth set.
Tech found itself trailing again early on in the fifth set, but Conti was there again as she tallied five straight kills for Tennessee Tech to give the Golden Eagles the lead at 7-6. TTU would hold its lead the rest of the way as it completed the comeback with a 15-13 fifth set victory.
Along with Conti, several other Golden Eagles made their presence felt on offense as Gray added 11 kills of her own, while hitting at .348. Sophomore Elsie Robertson tallied eight kills as well.
Sophomore Lauren Stiles, who entered the match for the first time in the fourth set, tallied a team-high 23 assists, including 11 in the deciding fifth set. Junior Madison Comperry followed Stiles closely with 20 assists.
Three Golden Eagles notched at least 11 digs on the night, including sophomore Allison May, who tallied a team-high 21. Sophomore Natalie Penrod finished the night two digs shy of her career-high with 18, while freshman Courtney Smith posted 11 digs.
On the opposite side of the net, the duo of Cori Harris and Kelsey Augustine led the Cougar offense with 11 kills. Sammi Minton set for SIUE all night as she dished out a match-high 46 assists, while Chelsea Cloclasure posted a match-high 23 digs.
TTU (3-17, 2-8 OVC) wraps up its homestand Saturday, against the Eastern Illinois Panthers, at 2 p.m.


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The former star defensive lineman at Point Loma High (class of 2011) has signed a letter of intent to continue his collegiate career as a San Diego State University Aztec.
Heyward was one of the most heavily recruited prep players in the nation following his senior season at PLHS, and his signing with University of Southern California (USC) was covered by ESPN.
The 6-foot-3, 300-pound Heyward redshirted the 2011 season before undergoing shoulder surgery. In 2012, Heyward played in five games before transferring to a junior college in 2013
He has been working out in preparation for his two remaining years of collegiate eligibility.
"I'm just glad to be home and enter the next chapter of my life," Heyward said last week at a countywide letter-signing event at the San Diego Hall of Champions.
Heyward is among 25 recruits announced by Aztec head coach Rocky Long.
The Aztecs are coming off an 8-5 season in which they went to their fourth consecutive bowl game, winning the Famous Idaho Potato Bowl in a 49-24 romp over Buffalo University.
Besides Heyward's signing, three members of the Pointers class of 2014 also signed letters to play at the collegiate level, according to athletic director John Murphy.
Swimmer Andrew Brady will swim in the University of Florida pool, while teammate Jason O'Brien will take his stroke to the University of California. Top soccer player Eddie Gallardo will continue his career at Point Loma Nazarene University.