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AMA's 2-Day Business Writing Workshop
Gain the ability to write with confidence!
Assertiveness Training for Women in Business
Speak out with confidence—Become an Assertive Business Woman.
Building Better Work Relationships: New Techniques for Results-Oriented Communication
Learn why successful work relationships help build successful careers!
Developing Your Emotional Intelligence
Leverage emotional intelligence training to position yourself for personal, team, and organizational success
Effective Executive Speaking
Take your public speaking to the next level! Speak, present and communicate with poise, power and persuasion.
Effective Technical Writing
Convey technical content to any audience through specific, clear and concise technical writing.
Executive Presence for Women
Develop a strong female executive presence with this 2-day training seminar
Expanding Your Influence: Understanding the Psychology of Persuasion
Apply the principles of psychology from this seminar to influence and persuade others.
Getting Results Without Authority
Learn how to be persuasive and get the results you're looking for without authority.
How to Communicate with Diplomacy, Tact and Credibility
Be a consistently professional communicator—even in difficult circumstances.
Negotiating to Win
Gain the skills, insights and competencies required in all negotiations—in every industry—at every level.
Responding to Conflict: Strategies for Improved Communication
Increase your success by proactively improving your conflict management skills.
Strategies for Developing Effective Presentation Skills
Develop your presentation skills to transform yourself from inexperienced speaker to skilled presenter.
AMA's Business Grammar Workshop
Avoid costly and embarrassing mistakes in all types of business writing.
Assertiveness Training
Gain more confidence, decisiveness and respect with assertiveness training!
Assertiveness Training for Managers
Learn how to channel assertiveness skills to interact more effectively with people throughout your organization.
Business Writing for the Multilingual Professional
Can your staff convey ideas and information in English-language documents with clarity and precision?
Business Writing Made Simple
In just one day, sharpen your skills to convey credibility and get results.
Communicating Across Generations: Bridging the Gap
Improve Your Communication Across Generations
Communicating Up, Down and Across the Organization
Get heard—regardless of where you sit in the organization.
Communicating with Confidence
There's no shortage of ways to communicate quickly in the Digital Age. But what happens face-to-face when you need to find the right words and communicate them in the right way?
Communication and Interpersonal Skills for Technical Professionals
To achieve success, technical professionals must have strong and flexible interpersonal and communication skills training in addition to their technical abilities.
Confidence-Building Skills for Women
Learn how to handle yourself in just about any situation!
Conflict Management Workshop
Do you have the self-awareness, solid communication skills, and motivation to resolve uncomfortable situations?
Developing Effective Business Conversation Skills
Master conversational skills to get attention and gain credibility.
Effectively Communicating in the Moment
Feel empowered when called upon to "stand and deliver" in spontaneous moments
Emotional Intelligence Workshop
Apply the power of Emotional Intelligence to promote team and organizational success
How to Be a Successful Manager as an Introvert
Get hands-on experience harnessing your strengths as an introvert
How to Communicate with Diplomacy, Tact and Credibility at the Lancaster Chamber of Commerce
Be a consistently professional communicator—even in difficult circumstances.
How to Flex Your Communication Style
Become a better communicator with our express communication seminar
How to Turn Data Into Compelling Visual Presentations
Visually and clearly present data and the message it represents.
Influencing Skills Workshop
Get results working through others, regardless of positional power.
Interpersonal Skills for Managers
What are interpersonal skills, and how can you improve them?
Managing Emotions in the Workplace®: Strategies for Success
Understand how emotions affect your job performance—and learn practical techniques to manage them.
Mastering the Art of Critical Conversations
Face up to high-stakes or emotional conversations with results-oriented skills
Moving Ahead: Breaking Behavior Patterns That Hold You Back
You may be your career's worst enemy. Change your professional image by overcoming destructive workplace behavior!
Negotiation for Women: Adding Value to Your Organization
Harness your unique strengths to negotiate with greater effectiveness
Negotiation Skills Workshop
Adopt a win-win approach that fosters positive relationships and achieves desired business outcomes.
Powerful Communication Techniques
This online communication skills training can help you be more effective within any organization.
Presentation Skills Workshop
Transform yourself from inexperienced speaker to skilled presenter.
Storytelling Power: Secrets for Exceptional Communication
Engage and convince others to be passionate about your ideas.
The Effective Facilitator: Maximizing Involvement and Results
Become a meeting facilitator who brings out the best in individual and team performance.
The Secret to Getting Through to Anyone
Learn how to change unfavorable relationships into positive ones
The Write Way to Lead: Powerful Tools to Create Impact and Inspire Performance
Develop these executive writing skills to maximize your leadership effectiveness
Effectively Communicating in the Moment – Free Seminar Preview -- May-29-2019
Speaking on the Spot with Clarity and Precision
Crash Course in Mistake-Free Business Writing -- Apr-11-2019
How to Troubleshoot Writing Errors That Make You Look Bad
Creating Friction-Free Relationships: Tools for Working with Anyone -- Mar-28-2019
Tactics for getting others to cooperate and help accomplish your objectives
10 Steps for Leading Productive Meetings -- On-Demand
How to improve the value of meetings while reducing their length.
5 Steps to Gain Control Under Pressure: Tips from an FBI Hostage Negotiation Trainer -- On-Demand
Staying Calm When it Counts
Beyond Words: Reading the Hidden Communications in Your Professional Interactions -- On-Demand
Discover the nonverbal messages you're sending and how to read the signals of others
Building Alliances -- On-Demand
Developing Relationships That Drive Your Career, Your Life
Building PowerPoint™ Presentations from Your Excel™ Data -- On-Demand
Create Slides that Tell the Story of Your Data
Communicating Across Generations -- On-Demand
How to Bridge the Generational Communication Gap
Corporate Communications in a Web 2.0 World -- On-Demand
Advice for shaping and relaying your message using the ever-shifting mix of new technology platforms
Crafting Business Stories That Captivate, Convince, and Inspire -- On-Demand
Using storytelling to inspire and motivate others
Crash Course on Solving Communication Problems -- On-Demand
How to Build High-Quality Relationships with Bosses, Co-Workers and Clients
Creating the 1-Second Chart™ -- On-Demand
10 Steps to Effective Data Storytelling & Visualization
Creating Visual Presentations -- On-Demand
Steps to Improving Your Visual Storytelling Skills
Emotional Intelligence -- On-Demand
Surprisingly Simple Things You Can Do to Boost Your Success
Fierce Conversations -- On-Demand
Achieving Success at Work & in Life, One Conversation at a Time
Handling Problem Employees: Avoiding Lawsuits and Investigation Disasters -- On-Demand
Every organization has them…
Harnessing the Power of Your Emotional Intelligence -- On-Demand
Emotional intelligence is more important than IQ in achieving excellence at work
How to Brief Like a Pro -- On-Demand
Essentials of Preparing Concise, Clear, Reliable Briefings
How to Deliver Powerful Presentations as an Introvert -- On-Demand
Public Speaking Tips and Insights Using Your Quiet Strengths
How to Say "No" at Work and Still Keep Your Job -- On-Demand
This Webcast provides tips and techniques to deliver your negative message clearly, succinctly, and calmly (inside and out!) with and without using the actual word "no."
How to Think on Your Feet: Improv Skills for Business -- On-Demand
What to Do When You Have to Speak on the Spot
How to Write a Darn Good Email -- On-Demand
Sharpen your e-mail writing skills now — avoid mistakes that make you look bad
How to Write Fast When It's Due Yesterday -- On-Demand
Ready your pen, set your keyboard...GO!
Impromptu Leadership -- On-Demand
How Women Can Seize Spontaneous Moments to Lead
Leading With Kindness: How Good People Consistently Get Superior Results -- On-Demand
The Truth Is That Nice Guys Often Finish First
Leveraging Social Networks in a Downturn -- On-Demand
Smart organizations are using social networks for recruiting, marketing and more.
Mastering PowerPoint®: Shortcuts and Tips to Create Presentations Like an Expert -- On-Demand
Discover how to quickly create a slide deck that boosts the impact of your presentation
Mastering the Art of Working for Multiple Bosses -- On-Demand
Handling the work of multiple bosses is a difficult balancing act!
Maximizing Your Influence -- On-Demand
Spend an Hour to Understand and Improve Your Influencing Skills
Networking for Women Who Hate Networking -- On-Demand
Practical Pointers for Making Career-Driving Connections
Networking for Women Who Hate Networking -- On-Demand
Practical Pointers for Making Career-Driving Connections
Primal Management -- On-Demand
Harnessing the Motivational Energy of Your Employees
Relationship Networking: Converting Your Conversations into Connections -- On-Demand
The Cornerstone for Building a Thriving Network
Secrets of Successful Public Speaking -- On-Demand
Tips and tactics for speaking confidently in group settings with specific methods to reduce your jitters
Social Networking: Using the Latest Tools to Support Learning and Talent Management -- On-Demand
Where Social Networking Fits into Corporate Learning and Development
Speaking with Presence: Delivering Your Message with Authority and Confidence -- On-Demand
Discover How Leaders Communicate with Authenticity
Speed Writing for Business Meetings and Beyond -- On-Demand
The Fast Way to Take Accurate Notes
The It Factor and How to Get It: Becoming a Master Communicator -- On-Demand
How to win them at "hello!"
The Power of Questions to Open Doors, Uncover Solutions, and Spark Change -- On-Demand
What to ask and when — to reach the outcome you seek
The Seven Deadly Sins of Negotiating -- On-Demand
"Experience is the name every one gives to their mistakes." - Oscar Wilde
The Simple Way to Get Through to Difficult People -- On-Demand
How to Get Absolutely Anyone to Listen to What You Have to Say
The Voice of Experience: How Language Can Improve Your Customer Experience -- On-Demand
Cisco Uncovers the Impact of Language on Customer Experience
Thinking on Your Feet -- On-Demand
How to say the right thing in any "impromptu" situation
Voice Success for Women -- On-Demand
How to Fine Tune Your Voice to Improve Your Image
Web 2.0 and Social Computing: Charting Your Organization's Strategy -- On-Demand
Why Wikis, Blogs, and Web 2.0 Are Important to You
Writing with Confidence, Consideration, and Class -- On-Demand
Sharpen Your Skills to Convey Credibility and Get Results.
Adam Gordon on Being Future Savvy
In order to succeed in their industries, decision-makers today need to anticipate the future outcomes not only in their own industry but also in society and technology as well. Futures analyst Adam Gordon has spent a lifetime deciphering changes and...
Alexandra Levit on Finding the Job and Employment Success
Avoiding Missteps to Step Ahead
Alexandra Levit on Harnessing the Next Generation Workforce
Alexandra Levit is the author of They Don't Teach Corporate in College, a practical guide that delivers the vital information junior corporate employees need to succeed in today's tough business climate. As the founder of the career consultancy...
Alison Green on Difficult Conversations as a Kindness
After 11 years of writing the popular and informative Ask a Manager blog, Alison Green has seen it all, from dramatic exit interviews to the myriad ways our coworkers can get on our nerves.
Andrew Faas on the True Face of Bullying
Bullying is still a hot topic, one even world leaders are weighing in on.
Andy Sernovitz on successful word of mouth marketing
Andy Sernovitz is co-founder and former CEO of the Word of Mouth Marketing Association, an organization that uses the latest innovations in blogs and buzz to build a prosperous word of mouth marketing profession, based on best practices, measurable...
Annie McKee on Becoming a Resonant Leader
Exceptional leaders capture passion. They lead for real: from the heart, smart and focused on the future, and with a commitment to being their very best. A new book, Becoming a Resonant Leader, by Annie McKee, Richard Boyatzis and Frances Johnston...
Barry Libert on How "We" Are Smarter Than "Me"
Online Social Networking is a reality. The millions of people who have a Facebook or MySpace page, or anyone who uses Wikipedia or Google, knows this. But for today's companies, the question remains, how can we profit from the crowds who are swarming...
Ben Parr on How to Get and Maintain Attention
Whether it's a 75 year old brand or a charity organization or an individual contributor, we all need attention, to be listened to, to get anything done.
Ben Waber on New Ways to Track Productivity
To increase productivity, how many seats should be at the cafeteria table?
Beverly Kaye on Keeping Ideal People in the Workplace
With every employee who walks out the door costing the company up to 200 percent of their annual salary to replace, retention is one of the most important issues facing businesses today. Because finding the ideal person for every workplace position...
Bill George on Leadership Values
Bill George is Professor of Management Practice, Henry B. Arthur Fellow of Ethics, at Harvard Business School, where he is teaching leadership and leadership development. He is the author of new best-selling leadership book, "True North: Discover Your...
Bob Kulhan on Honing Your Improv Skills
We often think about improvisation in the context of comedy and it has nothing to do with the average workplace.
Bob Nelson on Sparking Motivation and Initiative in Your Team and Yourself
Bob Nelson is an international recognized expert on finding these kinds of simple yet powerful ways to motivate people at work. Nelson is founder and president of Nelson Motivation, Inc., a management training and consulting firm based in San Diego...
Bob Wall on Coaching for Emotional Intelligence
When managers coach their team members on their performance, "emotional intelligence" may not be the first thing that comes to mind. But some believe that performance development depends on the employee's emotional intelligence, and the ability of the...
Bruce Barry on Free Speech in the Workplace
In his new book Speechless, Bruce Barry critiques a legal system that gives employers wide latitude to suppress worker expression, and argues that freedom of speech in the workplace is excessively and needlessly limited. Barry advocates changes to the...
C.J. Hayden on How to Market Yourself
C.J. Hayden is a Master Certified Coach and principal of Wings Business Coaching, LLC, a firm that teaches self-employed professionals to make more money with less effort. Hayden is the author of "Get Clients NOW!" (AMACOM) and The One-Person...
Carmine Gallo on Storytelling
At Cisco employees aren't promoted above a certain level unless they've shown, with quantifiable data, that they're able to connect with their customers.
Carmine Gallo on the Power of Communicating Well
You don't have to be giving a TED talk to benefit from learning how to speak and tell stories well.
Christine Eberle on Social Media and Corporate Culture
Sparking conversations and empowering ideas
Cindy Rabe on the Challenge to Innovate
In her book The Innovation Killer: How What We Know Limits What We Can Imagine and What Smart Companies Are Doing About It (AMACOM), Cindy Rabe talks about how to defeat the kind of thinking that can overcome teams and kill true innovation. Cindy...
Conant and Norgaard on the Leadership Touch
Using the head, heart, and hands to create new leaders
Dan Coughlin on Accelerating Your Leadership
In his new book Accelerate management consultant Dan Coughlin collects his experiences from over 3,000 hours of executive coaching in over 20 industries. He distills them into 20 lessons for executives and managers looking to catapult their careers...
Dan Miller on Saying Goodbye to the Monday Morning Blues
The only way to find true security is by following your calling and then finding or creating work that matches your passion. Dan Miller's new book No More Mondays addresses people looking for guidance on how to launch a new career or business, those...
Davia Temin on the 10 Don'ts of Corporate Social Media
Strengthening your brand through smarter online communication
Dick Grote on Disciplining without Punishment
Dick Grote speaks on how to get problem employees to take responsibility for their behavior and how to solve attitude, attendance, and performance problems successfully, without resorting to punishment In his book Discipline without Punishment...
Donny Ebenstein on the Other Side of the Story
Dov Seidman on Behavioral Changes to Guarantee Success
How the Way We Act Affects Everything
Dr Albert Siu on Difficult Conversations as a Manager
One of the most difficult conversations at work is when you've got an employee who is under-performing.
Dr. Susan Smith Kuczmarski and Thomas Kuczmarski on Changing the Way We Lead and Succeed
eFor centuries, leaders have been operating within a "control and compete mindset. But times are changing. More and more, at the helm of successful companies, you'll find a different sort of leader. Collaborators, not controllers, they are "square...
Ed Koch on Building Buzz
In his three terms as mayor, Ed Koch brought the city of New York out of bankruptcy, created a renowned housing program, and paved the way to the city's ongoing economic and cultural prosperity. How did he rise from relative obscurity to become an...
Frank Pietrucha on How to Be a Supercommunicator
Technology is changing our vocabulary, creating new acronyms, buzzwords, and concepts every day.
Greg Bennett on How to "Close" a Consultative Sales Deal
Greg Bennett has been a top sales trainer, consultant, strategist and coach since 1988. He is the author of the book "Consultative Closing", which offers simple steps that build sales-client relationships while winning even the toughest sales....
James Kouzes on Rising to the Leadership Challenge
The Leadership Challenge, one of the best-selling leadership books of all time, is considered by many as the most trusted source on becoming a better leader. With this fourth edition, James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. Posner issue a new collection of case...
Jennifer Kahnweiler on the Genius of Opposites
Introverts and extroverts have different and sometimes contradictory strengths.
Jennifer Kahnweiler on the Introvert Advantage
How introverts can flex their intrinsic assets to thrive in business
John C. Maxwell on the Irrefutable Laws of Leadership
Dr. John C. Maxwell is the founder of Maximum Impact, an Atlanta-based organization with a mission to develop leaders of excellence and integrity. Dr. Maxwell is author of more than 30 books with more than 7 million copies sold, including Failing...
John Kotter on How to Get the People in Your Life to Buy In to Your Ideas
John Kotter on techniques and phrases to make sure your idea becomes a reality.
Joseph Grenny on Vital Behaviors for Positive Influence
Most of us stop trying to make change happen because we believe it is too difficult, if not impossible. We develop complicated coping strategies when we should be learning the tools and techniques of the world's most influential people. But this is...
Kevan Hall on Speed Management
Kevan Hall founded Global IntegrationTM in 1994, to develop "the skills of working internationally" for the world's leading companies. He realized that the tools he and his colleagues developed for complex international, virtual, remote and matrixed...
Kristi Hedges on Establishing Executive Presence
How to stand out and expand your influence
Laurence Miller on Handling Difficult to Disturbed Employees
Every workplace is filled with a wide range of personalities. From Difficult to Disturbed (AMACOM), the new book by Dr. Laurence Miller, gives managers the insight, understanding, and tools they need to get the best from those who present the toughest...
Len Sandler on Becoming an Extraordinary Manager
Nearly all managers dream of being inspiring leaders who elicit the most from their people. But while they may understand the skills needed to manage their teams, very few know how to put their knowledge into practice. Now, any manager can get...
Lindsay Hutter on Employing and Empowering Millenials
Lois Kelly on Conversational Marketing
Lois Kelly is the author of "Beyond Buzz: The Next Generation of Word of Mouth Marketing". She's dedicated her career to helping companies talk about their companies and issues in ways that get people to buy, believe and change, no matter how complex...
Lynne Waymon on Making the Most of Your Network
Lynne Waymon leads Contacts Count, a consulting and training firm for business and career networking. Her new book, "Make Your Contacts Count" (AMACOM) is a practical, step-by-step guide for creating, cultivating and capitalizing on networking...
Mark Goulston on Just Listen
Mark Goulston, author of the new book Just Listen, joins us on Edgewise with some scripts and keywords to use to smooth out even the toughest conversations.
Marshall Goldsmith on Influence in All Directions
Michael Lee Stallard on How to Fire Up Your Team's Passion, Creativity and Productivity
Employee disengagement is a widespread malady in today's organizations, causing the loss of billions of dollars, hours of dissatisfaction and work lives lacking true value. Scientific research has validated the powerful effect of emotional connections...
Michael Song on How to Get More Done with Fewer Meetings
Mike Schwager on Projecting Your Best Professional Image
Michael Schwager on how to prepare for the high-profile interviews.
Nilofer Merchant on Real Collaboration
How collaboration can create a stronger workforce.
Paul Hellman on Communicating in 8 Seconds
In today's distracted world that's always pulling us in a million different directions it's hard to be memorable; there's too much information and too little time.
Phil Rosenzweig on the Halo Effect and How to Fight It
Phil Rosenzweig's new book The Halo Effect... and the Eight Other Business Delusions That Deceive Managers offers a sharp critique of current management thinking, exposing many of the errors and mistaken ideas that pervade the business world, and...
Robert Kaplan's Roadmap to Effective Leadership
Asking the Critical Questions
Roger Courville on Optimizing Your Online Presentations
Elements you must employ to successfully engage audiences on the web
Sharon Melnick on Success Under Stress
Sharon Melnick talks to us about how to be less stressed at work and at home.
Stephen Baum on Experiences That Shape Great Leaders
Becoming a leader is not about education or pedigree or even native smarts. Most of the most successful leaders started life as a regular person just like you. Certainly these leaders are smart and talented, but there are countless people even smarter...
Stephen M. R. Covey on How to Build, Keep and Repair Trust
Stephen M.R. Covey is the former CEO of Covey Leadership Center, which, under his stewardship, became the largest leadership development company in the world. A Harvard MBA, he joined Covey Leadership Center as a Client Developer and later became...
Susan Shearouse on the Upside of Conflict
A crash course in conflict resolution
Terrence Gargiulo on Taming Difficult People
From Tibet to Mexico to the Balkans, every culture has its own cherished folktales. While originally made up to reinforce morals and good behavior, these stories aren't just for kids. Many fables featuring whimsical creatures and talking animals have...
Tim Phillips on Talking Normally at Work
Tim Phillips talks about how clear communication is crucial in the workplace.
Tom Yorton on Improv Skills at Work
It's not just about humor in the workplace (although that too, is vital)
Tony Beshara on How to Ace Your Next Interview
At some point, most people have been caught off guard by tough interview questions. In Acing the Interview: How to Ask and Answer the Questions That Will Get You the Job, the employment expert Dr. Phil called "the best of the best" gives job seekers...
William Rothwell on Leveraging a Seasoned Talent Pool
While many employers have traditionally viewed their younger employees as their most precious assets, the truth is that their more seasoned workers are often their most valuable. In his new book, Working Longer (AMACOM), William J Rothwell gives...
"B.S." Stands for Business-Speak
A few years back, a scientist named Alan Sokal decided to conduct a little experiment-well, a prank, really. The basis of this experiment/prank was simple. He wrote an article full of trendy, imposing-sounding words and concepts and submitted it to a...
"Houston, We Have a Problem": Leadership in Times of Crisis
Although few leaders deal with the life or death challenges faced by the crew of a space shuttle, these "space mission lessons" from a former astronaut can provide any leader with "the right stuff" in times of crisis....
"Huh?" Yes, Bosses Aren't Listening
Organizations are failing when it comes to "upward communication"--the feedback from employees to management--according to the new Organizational Communication Survey conducted by the Society for Human Resource Management and CareerJournal.com. What...
"Tweak" Your Way to a More Balanced Life
When you first joined the workforce, who could have predicted that juggling would one day become your most critical skill? These simple strategies from a professional life coach show you how to make small changes that will help you keep all those...
10 Powerful Body Language Tips
Body language tips to help people boost their confidence, appear more authoritative, and connect more effectively with others.
10 Powerful Body Language Tips for the New Year
Body langage tips that will boost your confidence and help you appear more authoritative.
13 Workplace Relationship Tips
Thirteen ways to improve interpersonal skills.
5 Non-Negotiable Leadership Competencies
Effective leaders know how to motivate, educate, and inspire their people.
5 Ways to Project Confidence
Become aware of your competence so that you can project confidence to others.
A "CANDID" Approach to Difficult Conversations
A new way to approach challenging workplace conversations.
A Crisis Doesn't Always Mean (News) Coverage: Nine Tips to Follow
Learn nine rules to follow to address crisies to shareholders, board members, and other key stakeholders.
A Nine-step Cure for "Tough Boss Syndrome"
Most tough boss problems center on communication. If you take the time to ask yourself nine basic questions about how you and your boss communicate, your boss will learn to value and trust you more. And most important-you'll learn how to ask for and...
A Roadmap to Challenging Conversations - Members Only
A three-step approach to difficult workplace conversations: prepare, plan, and practice.
Adding No to Your Conversations - Members Only
Learn why "no" is an appropriate reply to requests from colleagues and even your supervisor.
Advice from the "Communication Problem Solver"
An interview with Nannette Rundle Carroll, author of The Communication Problem Solver
An Interview with Recovering "CEO Dad" Tom Stern
Do you think it's OK to e-mail your spouse on his or her birthday? Do you refer to your kids as human resources? You may be a CEO Dad. Tom Stern, author of the insightful and hilarious new book, CEO Dad: How to Avoid Getting Fired by Your...
Another Writing Tip
Learn how to use punctuation. The wrong comma, hypthen, etc., can distract your reader who won't get your message.
For many of us, "I'm sorry" are two of the hardest words to say in the English language. That's unfortunate, since a sincere apology can go a long way toward ending conflict. Next time you need to offer a mea culpa, try following the suggestions in...
Are You an Awful Manager? - Members Only
Avoid the four telltale signs of awful management.
Are You Assertive Enough?
Here are five sure signs that you're not assertive enough, along with tips on how to overcome each....
Are You Blunt? How to Say What Is on Your Mind Without Leaving a Trail of Dead Bodies
How to develop a more positive work and communication style
Are You Getting in the Way of Your Message?
Here are three rules to improve communication of critical messages.
Are You Listening?
There are different ways to listen and not all of them are effective.
Are You Promotable?
Think you're ready to move up to the next level within your organization? Kate Wendleton, founder of The Five O'Clock Club job search strategy group, explains how to gauge your chances of getting a promotion....
Are You Ready for a Promotion?
Tips to increase your chances of getting a promotion.
Are You Scaring Your Employees to Death? - Members Only
When workers feel uncertain or fearful, they may revert to a primitive "critter state" of fight, flight, or freeze.
Banishing Boring Meetings - Members Only
How to make business meetings more effective, from the author of Boring Meetings Suck.
Be a Gold Medal Communicator
Advice on being an outstanding communicator
Become a Better Manager by Asking the Right Questions - Members Only
How managers can move work forward by asking questions.
Before You Retire
Don't even think about handing in your retirement papers until you ask and answer three key questions, beginning with "How am I going to pay my bills now that I am no longer receiving a salary?"...
Being "Self-ful"-A Guide to Assertive Communication at Work
When it comes to handling difficult situations at work, you have three choices: you can respond in a way that is either selfish, selfless or "self-ful." Author/trainer Mimi Donaldson explains how being "self-ful"-confident enough to be able to ask...
Bet It on Red
Even the most fearless leaders quail when faced with that most dangerous risk of all, the difficult conversation. VitalSmarts' Kerry Pattersen, coauthor of the New York Times best-seller Crucial Conversations, and Eric Patten tell you how to...
Blinders and Hidden Biases We
Learn four techniques for mastering feedback receipt.
Blogging Your Way to Business Success
Blogs, or Weblogs, aren't just for "geeks" anymore. Businesses large and small are using them to create a powerful brand identity and to connect with customers. Over 70,000 new blogs are created each day. Isn't it time you got started?...
Body Language Secrets of Successful Negotiation - Members Only
When negotiating, pay attention to your body language.
Burnout Busters: 10 Ways to Cope When Work Becomes Overwhelming
Feeling stressed out at work? Mike Staver offers 10 ways to cope when work becomes overwhelming to help you avoid burnout and keep you happy at work.
Challenging Times Require Courageous Decisions
Check Out Your "Rule Book"
Each of us has our own ideas about the proper way of doing things-rules about everything from common courtesy to guidelines for working well with others. Unfortunately, when it comes to right vs. wrong behavior not everyone is on the same page-or...
Coaching Your Boss - Members Only
John Baldoni explains how to manage up by coaching your boss.
Communicating Across Cultures - Members Only
You have a big meeting coming up overseas. You've checked and double-checked your proposal, but unless you've also done some research into the country's culture, the deal may be doomed before you set foot on the plane....
Communicating Effectively When You're Here and Your Team Is There - Members Only
10 strategies to facilitate communicatioin with virtual teams.
Communicating Trust - Members Only
People work best when management trusts them to get the job done.
Communicating Up, Down and Sideways
Here's the simple truth: if you can't communicate effectively, you can't manage effectively. Learn how to give your skills a boost in Communicating Up, Down and Sideways....
Communicating Vision via a Winning Presentation
One way to communicate corporate vision is through a companywide presentation. How can you be sure that your message is well received by employees and managers? Communications expert Thomas Leech offers some valuable tips on this subject. He...
Communication Approaches That Strengthen Working Relationships
Here are ten ways to improve communication and strengthen work relationships
Conflicted About How to Respond to Conflict? - Members Only
An explanation of the five styles of conflict resolution.
Corporate Values 2002 Survey
Has corporate America acquired a "bottom-line" management style with a "win at all costs" mentality? Or is there room in the corner office for a little integrity? This survey shows that many organizations are making a commitment to a set of core ...
Could You Live Abroad and Keep Your Job?
A first-hand account of telecommuting from abroad.
Cracking the New Job Market
Interview with R. William Holland, Ph.D., author of Cracking the New Job Market.
Creating a Powerful Personal Presence to Influence and Engage
Learn how to exhibit a professional presence.
Creating a Question-Friendly Environment
How to create a workplace environment where people feel comfortable asking questions.
Crisis Management & Sceurity Issues
Fewer U.S. companies have crisis management plans in place today than in 2003, an AMA survey shows. In light of the third anniversary of the September 11 attacks, AMA surveyed its members and customers to determine if companies are prepared today to...
Crisis Management and Security Issues 2002 Survey
Business crises come in many forms and can occur any time without notice. So, whether it is an accident, a scandal, an act of nature or a malicious act, organizations recognize that they need to be prepared. Or do they? AMA surveyed 428 Executive...
Crisis Management and Security Issues 2003 Survey
More U.S. companies have crisis management plans in place today than they did in 2002, an American Management Association survey shows. In light of the second anniversary of the September 11 attacks, AMA surveyed its members and customers to determine...
Crisis Management and Security Issues 2004 Survey
Fewer U.S. companies have crisis management plans in place today than in 2003, an AMA survey shows. In light of the third anniversary of the September 11 attacks, AMA surveyed its members and customers to determine if companies are prepared today to...
Dealing with Difficult People
If you're faced with some, let's call them "challenging" personality types at work, here's some news you can really use: Once you identify a person's main behavioral style-Controller, Analyzer, Supporter, or Promoter-you'll unlock the secret strategy...
Dealing with Difficult People Is Easy - Members Only
Simple strategies to diffuse conflict in the workplace.
Declare Your Independence from Boring Meetings
New ground rules to make meetings more productive.
Decoding the Job Interview - Members Only
10 cues to look for during an interview to determine your chances of getting hired.
Defusing Difficult Situations: The Unexpected Response
Learn some surprise responses to confrontations.
Detecting Lies in the Workplace
The author of The Truth about Lies in the Workplace explains how to spot a liar's verbal cues.
Do You Have What It Takes to Be a Project Team Leader? - Members Only
Project leadership tips from the AMA seminar Project Team Leadership.
Do You Know How to Give Constructive Feedback?
Constructive feedback can be the difference between having a productive or disruptive employee. David Lee offers advice on how to give positive feedback.
Do You Know What Your Body Just Said?
We reveal a lot about our attitudes, emotions, and motives by the way we hold our bodies.
Does Your Company Need an Extreme Messaging Makeover?
In creating an ad, making a sales pitch, preparing for a presentation, or writing a memo, improve your message by asking: What's the big idea?
Drawing a Line: How Many Personal Issues Belong at Work?
Learn how to address personal problems at work, yours and employees'.
Eight Effective Elements for Engaging a Multigenerational Audience
Learn how to improve presentations to multigenerational groups
Enlightened Office Politics
"Office politics" doesn't have to be a dirty word. Principled people can learn how to play the political game without betraying their core values....
Establish Values and Put Them in Writing - Members Only
Learn how o effectively communicate values.
Establishing Trust to Do Business Across Cultures - Members Only
Business etiquette and relationship-building tips for American businesspeople doing business with foreigners.
Facebook vs. Face Time
The value of face to face communication in our high-tech age.
Father's Day Feature: How a Philosopher Became a Businessman, with Some Advice from Dad
In honor of Father's Day we present a short excerpt from the recent father/son coauthored book The 100-Mile Walk: A Father and Son on a Quest to Find the Essence of Leadership, by Sander A. Flaum and Jonathon A. Flaum (AMACOM 2006). It's a...
Feed Your Head
Read well-written stuff, and you'll absorb a sense of how punctuation works and what it can accomplish.
Five Ways to Elevate Your Visibility on the Job - Members Only
If you want to prosper at work, start making a name for yourself.
Focus on the Fundamentals of Effective Communication Within an Organization
Learn how in-house communication affects business results and how you can inspire more effective communication in your company.
From the Mouths of Babes: Get Everything You Want by Learning How to Negotiate Like a Child
When it comes to negotiating, chances are a wheedling, relentless four-year-old could out-trump even "the Donald." If you want things to go your way, try these time-tested techniques from the pit bulls of the negotiation universe, children. If all...
Get Rid of Those Pesky "Weasel Words"
Does your writing have a weasel problem? Weasel is language that sounds wishy-washy, even sneaky. It avoids saying anything definitively. Here's how to tell if weasels have infested your writing....
Getting to "Yes" with Chinese Companies
We've all heard the expression, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." The adage is especially true for American executives who want to forge relationships with Chinese companies. Often it's not what is said, but rather, how. Here are...
Getting Your Audience to Care
How to get communicate your product or service's benefits to your audience.
Give 'em Something to Talk About: Leverage Your Company's Grapevine - Members Only
How to use your company's informal communication system to share the company's values and positive messages with employees.
Go on the Offensive Against Cyberattack - Members Only
How to protect yourself and your business against cyberattack.
Good Leadership in Challenging Times
All leaders need to learn how to deliver bad news to employees—and not only in tough times.
Harnessing the Power of Collaboration - Members Only
Why collaboration is critical to an organization's survival.
Heard Any Good Gossip Lately?: Why the Office "Dish" May be More Harmful than You Think
Office gossip isn't just harmless fun. Over time, the harm caused by venomous "water cooler talk" can be far-reaching, leading to poor morale, resentment and lower productivity. Here are some tips for opting out of the trash talk....
Holiday Business Etiquette Q & A
Business etiquette expert Lydia Ramsey answers common holiday etiquette questions.
How "The Best Thing that Could Ever Happen to You" Happened to Me - Members Only
Help and hope for executives who experience job loss.
How Fluff, Guff, Geek, and Weasel Words Ruin Your Writing
Learn lhow to perfect your writing.
How NOT to Ask for a Raise
Avoid these 10 common mistakes when asking for a pay increase.
How to Change Minds Through Influence, Not Manipulation - Members Only
A six-step process to help convince others of your point of view.
How to Disagree with Your Boss-and Win
In the workplace, all too often might makes right. So how do you tell someone more powerful than you that his or her plan is misguided? Very carefully. Here are some helpful "do's" and "don'ts."...
How to Fake Charisma
Tips on appearing more confident, from body language expert Carol Kinsey Goman, Ph.D.
How to Gain Leverage
To paraphrase Archimedes, given enough leverage you can move the world. The same principal also applies to negotiation, where the right amount of leverage can make the difference between getting what you want and coming away empty handed. Negotiation...
How to Have the Last Laugh When Dealing with Life's Bullies
If you learn how to use humor effectively against nasty people, you may not leave them laughing, but you can have the last laugh....
How to Kill a Team in One Easy Step - Members Only
How high-performance organizations increase team effectiveness.
How to Persuade a Decision Maker
Learn how to perssuaade a decision maker by how you make your presentation. i
How to Ride a Roller Coaster Calmly:
Learn how to present yourself in a professional manner at meetings.
How to Save an Idea
Learn from real-life examples how to keep a good idea alive.
How to Send a Subtle Message
You've tried and tried to get your manager's attention through direct, point blank requests, but somehow your message just isn't getting through. Maybe it's time to try a little subtlety. The editor of officepolitics.com examines a range of subtle...
How to Set the Stage for a Difficult Conversation
Before you hold a difficult discussion with someone else, you need to hold one with yourself. Examining your own motives and attitudes helps clear your mind and lighten your baggage. Here are some questions you should ask yourself as you prepare for...
How to Start a Difficult Discussion Off Right
"I don't like your attitude." That's an example of a bad way to begin a difficult conversation. The words you use to broach a sensitive topic can make the difference between a productive discussion and a combative shouting match. Author David Lee...
How to Use Body Language to Boost Your Credibility and Your Career
How to project confidence and credibility using non-verbal communication.
How to Use Communication to Build Trust and Inspire Loyalty, as Well as Lead Effectively
Good communication can build trust and inspire loyalty in your company. Helio Fred Garcia explains how this helps you lead your team effectively.
How to Win Over Your Enemies
If you are dealing with adversaries at work, check out these tips on how to win over your enemies in the office. One small trick can make a huge difference.
How to Write Your Own Performance Review
Writing your own perfomance review can be hard. Learn some ways on how to write a performance self review that will make a difference.
I Heard It Through the Grapevine
The rumor mill is alive and well in corporate America. According to a recent survey, nearly half of the respondents said they would put more credence in the company grapevine than in what a corporate leader says. Carol Kinsey Goman, Ph.D., takes a...
I Object! Four Steps to Handling Objections
Advice for managers for dealing with objections and dissent so that people can move forward to get work done.
I'm a Manager, and So Can You - Members Only
Being a good manager isn't all that different from being a good person.
Improve Your Personal "Curb Appeal"
Transferring the idea of a house's "curb appeal" to one's professional & personal interactions.
Improving Your Communication
Two situations are shared to help you with your communication skills.
Information Underload - Members Only
How boosting internal communications can benefit an organization's bottom line.
Inheriting an Employee with Disciplinary Problems - Members Only
Strategies for dealing with new team members who may be less-than-perfect, from the new book 101 Tough Conversations to Have with Employees.
Innovation by Example - Members Only
Learn these principles of successful corporate innovators.
Intro to Emotional Intelligence - Members Only
A brief introduction to EI, from AMA's seminar Successfully Managing People.
Irritating Others' Ears
Some inaccurate words or phrases can undermine your professionalism.
Is the Handwritten Thank-You Note Dead?
How should you deliver a post-interview thank-you note? Experts debate the merits of a handwritten note in the internet age, and the best way to say thanks.
Is Twittering a Productive Use of Work Time?
Is the wildly popular social networking tool Twitter only for the superficial and narcissistic, or does it have valid business value?
Is Your Business Tweeting in the Dark?
Tips on getting your business's message across, from the author of The Social Media Survival Guide.
Is Your Corporate Culture Toxic?
Five indicators of a toxic corporate culture and how to fix them.
Is Your Speech Transitional, Transactional or Transformational?
Most speeches fall into one of three categories: transitional, transactional, or transformational. Knowing the differences between them is critical to your speech's success....
It's Not About You - Members Only
The number one rule of presentations is to remember it's about your audience and how you can be of service to them.
Keep Your Foot Out of Your Mouth: Sure-fire Strategies to Handle Customer Communication Problems
Poor communication can both cause and exacerbate customer problems. Learn how to defuse disagreements before they escalate, with these strategies from conflict management expert Dr. Andrew Edelman....
Keeping Your Cool When the Customer Gets Hot
How to deal with a customer who is upset and unhappy with your company's product or service.
Keeping Your Cool: Dealing with Difficult People
Advice for working with difficult people
Leading with Kindness Survey
If you feel that your boss is kind, chances are you look forward to going to work every day, you're more likely to put in a little extra effort, and you might even delay that search for a new job. But if you work for a boss who is a bully, all bets...
Learn to Embrace Your Butterflies - Members Only
How to use nervous energy in a positive way when presenting in front of a group.
Learn to Love Your Job-7½ Secrets for Living a Life You Love
Warren Beatty once said, "You've achieved success in your field when you don't know whether what you're doing is work or play." If you find yourself working more but enjoying it less, here are some simple ways to put a smile on your face and a spring...
Learning to Just Say NO
How to say "no" at work without risking your reputation.
Let Your Writing Make a Good First Impression
Learn how to proof your own writing and leave a good first impression with your readers.
Let's Talk
Learn these four communication styles.
Let's Talk
Learn the importance of conversations.
Make Networking Work for You
Sharpen up your networking skills with these tips from Len Sandler, author of Becoming an Extraordinary Manager....
Make the Other Person Feel "Felt"
learn how to use listening skills to build strong relationships
Making Conflict Work for You
A savvy manager can use conflict to his or her own benefit-transforming a potentially explosive situation into an opportunity for innovation and change....
Making Your Message Memorable: 5 Tips That Add Value to Your Words
Here are five tips to ensure outstanding presentations.
Managers: How's Your Bedside Manner?
Although managers deal with important challenges every day, few of these involve actual life-and-death issues. So you wouldn't expect that both doctors and managers would benefit from the same kind of training. However, when it comes to...
Master the Art of Meeting and Mingling
Learn how to successfully mingle with business associaates and company colleagues.
Mastering Project Management Communications
Ensure you are effectively communicating the project you lead.
Memorable Presentations Require You to T.H.I.N.K.
Learn how to perfect your public presentations.
Minding Your Global Manners - Members Only
Although the world truly has become a global village, there are still many differences among cultures. A small behavioral faux pas-calling a person by his first name or sending an inappropriate gift-could sabotage an important deal....
Movin' On Up:
Learn how to more effectively communicate via body language.
Multicultural Communication Tips
In today's "global village" workplace, managers may oversee onsite remote and virtual teams made up of people from many different corporate and geographical cultures. Success greatly depends on the ability to communicate effectively with all team...
Need a "Do-over at Work? How to Recover from Stupid Mistakes
Next time you make a mistake at work, follow a strategy well-known to children everywhere-ask for a "do-over." Humorist Judy Carter explains....
Negotiating without Wrecking a Relationship
When you're involved in a negotiation with someone who you'll never have to see again, the object of the game is simple: may the best negotiator win. But what about when your counterpart in the negotiation is someone whom you'll have to work with...
Negotiation Secrets from an FBI Agent
There is perhaps no expert more qualified on the subject of high-stakes negotiations than Frederick Lanceley, a former senior negotiator with the FBI and the principal developer of the agency's crisis negotiation training course. In this article, Mr....
Networking within Your "Tribe"
Everyone knows the importance of networking within one's profession and industry. But one key networking opportunity is often overlooked: making connections within your own organization. Andrea Nierenberg, author of Million Dollar...
Never Attend Another Useless Meeting - Members Only
How to improve the quality of meetings, from the author of "Read this Before our Next Meeting."
Never Beat the Boss at Horseshoes: Lessons Learned in the Pits
The game of horseshoes has a lot in common with the game of life. Author Roy Lantz offers five tips on how to increase your chances of winning-no matter which game you're playing....
New "Moving Ahead" Feature: Why I Love My Job
Have you ever listened to the "Car Talk" guys on National Public Radio? Tom and Ray Magliozzi laugh (mostly at themselves) their way through their weekly, one-hour show. We can't imagine anyone having more fun at work. And yet, Tom and Ray are...
New Grad Hires: Ready and Willing, but Are They Able?
Two-thirds of employers say college graduates lack the skills they need to succeed. What's the problem? Nobody is teaching young people how to communicate effectively. It's time for academia and the corporate world to give soft skills some...
Nice Guys Finish First
Are success and niceness mutually exclusive? Not according to Linda Kaplan Thaler and Robin Koval, authors of The Power of Nice, and the senior leaders of advertising agency the Kaplan Thaler Group. The authors spoke to Performance and Profits...
Office Holiday Gift Giving Made Easy
Although you shouldn't look a gift horse in the mouth, you also don't want to end up putting your foot in your own mouth during the holidays. Here are tips to help you deal with the inevitable sticky business-etiquette issues of the season....
Oh, the Places You'll Network!
You know you need to network if you want to make valuable new contacts within your profession or industry. But how and where do you start? Here are 12 proven places to network from the author of Cracking the Networking CODE, along with six...
Old People Need "Friends," Too: Using Social Networking Sites for Business
Should you have an online profile? The answer is an emphatic "yes" if you either have a job or need a job. If you think only teenagers are on Facebook and other social networking websites, it's time to step into the 21st century and use technology...
Open Communication: Vital to Business Success
Does your company value open communication? David Hassell offers tips on establishing open communication in your office and how it can enhance productivity.
Optimism: The Foundation of Success
Optimism is the rare ability to make the best out of any situation. In this article, the consulting psychologist for "The Apprentice" discusses how the show's contestants use optimism to rise to the challenge and outlines practical steps you can take...
Overcome Your Fear of Public Speaking
Quick-what's the #1 human fear? Financial ruin? Death? No-it's fear of public speaking. If the prospect of speaking in front of a group causes you to have a near-death experience, it's time to tame your panic with these tips from a professional...
Overcoming "Mommy Guilt"
Most parents know that parenthood and guilt go together like peanut butter and jelly. Fortunately, there is hope for the guilt-afflicted. Read our exclusive interview with the co-author of Mommy Guilt for upbeat and practical strategies...
Overcoming the Five Barriers to Influence
Clear the path for your great idea to succeed by planning a route around each of these five roadblocks to successful influence....
Overused Buzzwords: It's All Good at the End of the Day - Members Only
A new survey of the most annoying and overused business buzzwords.
Own the Room
Perfect Presentations: It's All about the Room
If your responsibilities include making arrangements for presentations or speeches at hotels and convention centers, don't miss this article! Brian Tracy, one of the world's most successful speakers, shares his secrets. His first tip? "Hotels lie!"...
Perfect Your Virtual Presentations
Learn from an expert how to give virtual presentations.
Perfecting Your Elevator Pitch
Picture This
Did you know that the brain processes images 60,000 times faster than words alone? Even the simplest hand-drawn pictures can illustrate an idea with powerful results. Dan Roam, author of the new book The Back of the Napkin, describes how the...
Political Discussions in the Workplace
With a tightly contested and historic presidential election less than a year away, political discussions are expected to heat up at water coolers in offices around the country. But according to American Management Association's Political Discussions...
Political Discussions in the Workplace 2004 Survey
In light of the closely contested presidential election, American Management Association wanted to know how the national politics are affecting executives in the workplace. Forty-five percent of employees surveyed said that their companies have no...
Project a More Powerful Image at Work
Women in the workplace can project a more powerful image if they avoid some common body language mistakes.
Project Management Success: It All Begins with Communication - Members Only
Strategies from the AMA seminar Project Team Leadership: Building Commitment Through Superior Communication.
Protect Your Career: Stay Informed - Members Only
Bob Dylan had it right when he wrote, "The times, they are a-changin'." No matter who you are-your industry, profession, and organization are in a constant state of flux. And if you're not keeping up, you may find yourself on the outside looking in....
Protect Yourself from Workplace "Energy Vampires"
Chances are you've been the victim of at least one variety of workplace energy vampire, be it "The Sob Sister" or "The Constant Talker." Learn how to protect yourself from their evil with these tips from Judith Orloff, M.D....
Public Speaking for Executives: The Original Social Media
Learn how to perfect your public speaking.
Putting an End to Office Feuds
America's most famous feud, the war between the Hatfields and McCoys, dragged on for more than 10 years-but some office feuds could give it a run for its money. Here are some tips for bringing peace to your office....
Putting the "Present" Back in Presentations - Members Only
Tips for becoming a presentation super star.
Raising Trust Capital
Trust from your team doesn't come from your job title; it comes from your sincere efforts in leadership. Like stocks that lose value from poor performance, your behavior toward your team members can result in gains and losses. Likewise, through your...
Reach Your Goals Through the Art of Persuasion - Members Only
Call it buy-in, agreement, or cooperation; most of us have to convince others to see our point of view every day. Once you learn a few simple techniques you'll become a master of the art....
Reaching Ethical Agreement Across Cultures - Members Only
Four steps to help people from different cultures find common ground.
Red Sox Communications
Learn how to improve your communications--interpersonal and written.
Resilience: The Secret to Success
Why do some people remain so calm and collected in the face of looming deadlines, combative meetings, impending layoffs, and turbulent changes? The key, the experts say, is resilience. The good news is that anyone can learn how to weather storms...
Reverse Engineer to Create Templates
Learn how to develop templates and save writing time.
Revolutionize Your Workplace, One Conversation at a Time
Having trouble communicating with your colleagues? You're not alone- 50% of workers surveyed say they find it difficult to have open, honest conversations at work. The solution: break from the status quo and move away from the old parent/child...
Rx for Office StresssIn
Learn how to control stress among employees and managers.
Secrets of Maximum Influence
Here is advice on how to build influence before audiences of different types.
Self-Assessment: Are You a Masterful Meeting Participant?
Do you look forward to meetings? Do you leave most meetings feeling a sense of accomplishment, energized to tackle the challenges at hand? No? Take action: become a "masterful meeting participant." This short self-assessment from the author of...
Self-Assessment: Test Your "CQ" (Courtesy Quotient)
Some "old school" traditions never go out of style, even in today's fast-paced, nanotech, digitized world. A little common courtesy can go a long way in the workplace, helping you gain the respect and support of your colleagues, direct reports and...
Seven Principles of Effective Public Speaking
Seven strategies from an executive communications coach that will help you cope if you're called upon to address a crowd.
Simple, Direct and Often
Communication that is too late or too little can derail leadership from a plan of action that can significantly impact the bottom line. On the other hand, a well-organized communication process throughout an organization can ensure successful...
Six Strategies to Recession Proof Your Job and Career
Increasing your soft skills savvy will help you demonstrate your value during a soft economy.
Six Ways to Prepare Office Staff for a Reporter's Visit
Here are six ways to prepare your office staff to avoid a big mistake when a reporter is on site.
Social Capital: Why It Really Is "Who You Know"
Social capital is the wealth you possess because of your relationships; the value created by fostering connections between individuals. Carol Kinsey Goman, Ph.D., explains how knowing the "go-to" people within your organization-those who hold the...
Social Media Go to Work
Advice for companies on adopting social media for business purposes.
Soft Skills by Any Other Name - Members Only
A new study by i4cp underscores the importance of solft skills in business.
Speaking Excellence
Understand these four critical steps to perfect your speaking skills.
Start Your Speech Out Right
If you want to captivate your audience, the best place to start is with a killer opener. Here are some tips on opening with a bang from best-selling author-and veteran speaker-Brian Tracy....
Storytelling: How to Be a Persuasive Communicator
Storytelling is an effective tool to motivate staff members.
Strategies for Controlling a Meeting Nemesis - Members Only
These strategies from AMA's seminar "Leading Effective Meetings" will help control a meeting.
Take a Walk in Their Shoes
How to defuse bad behavior by seeing things from the other person's point of view.
Tell Me Less: Sometimes It's What You Don't Say That Matters
Tips for appropriate written and spoken workplace communications.
Ten Facebook Dos and Don'ts
How to take full advantage of Facebook's many features to get maximum ROI.
Ten Phrases That Should Be Banned from Your Workplace Vocabulary - Members Only
Phrases that convey negativity, rudeness, or incompetence that can derail one's career.
Ten Pitfalls of Pitiful Meetings—and How to Fix Them
Learning how to run a meeting well ensures a productive session for all.
Ten Presentation Skills Your Sales Team and Others Aren't Telling YouFo
Here are ten tips to improve the quality of your presentations.
The #1 Core Competency for Leaders - Members Only
How to become a more effective leader by increasing your EQ.
The "Accidental" Ambassador
Intentionally or not, when an entrepreneur ventures into a foreign market he or she becomes an unofficial American ambassador. Bill Dodson, an American who lives and runs a business in China, explains that to change how Americans are perceived around...
The Art of Starting Over
When a meeting or conversation gets off to a rocky start, the situation can often be turned around by asking to start over.
The Basis of Good Meeting Management
Learn how to plan a successful meeting.
The Body Language of Charisma
How to gain influence in the workplace by becoming more charismatic.
The Body Language of Disengagement—from Head to Toes
A body language expert explains how to determine whether your audience is really listening.
The Customer-Focused Organization
The Customer-Focused Organization: How alignment, advocacy, data, and technology drive high-performance
The Exchange
Here are four tips for resolving emotionally charged disputes.
The Five Steps to Conflict Resolution
Managers and executives often find themselves in the role of mediator between employees and teams under their direction.
The Hard Truth about Soft Skills
Which is more important to career success-"soft" skills (interpersonal/social abilities) or "hard" skills (technical/factual knowledge)? The answer may surprise you. According to a thought-provoking new book, it's the soft skills that can make or...
The Introvert's Guide to Connecting
You can advance your career if you step out of your shell and become a more effective communicator.
The Law of Listening
Learn how to become a better communicator
The Lightning Bug vs. the Lightning
Test yourself with a short quiz from AMA's new Business Grammar Workshop.
The Long Goodbye to Literacy
Is reading dead? Some experts predict that streaming video and talking computers will soon replace the written word. And studies appear to back them up: the percentage of Americans who read literary works, 57% in 1982, dropped to 47% in 2002, with...
The Miscommunication Medium
Do you often feel misunderstood? The problem may be that your e-mails don't properly "speak" your mind....
The Power of Negative Thinking
Do you want to be surrounded by a team of "yes" men (or women) who are afraid to give you the input you need to make effective, informed decisions? Unless you actively seek out diverse points of view, listen to dissenting arguments and empower your...
The Root Causes of Low Employee Morale
Here are five suggestions that will help you to avoid destroying morale and experiencing both the hard and soft costs of poorly engaged employees
The Science of Asking Great Questions
Question: In a negotiation, what is one of the most important skills to possess? Answer: The ability to ask the right question. Negotiation expert Jim Camp tells you how to ask questions that will get you the answers you want....
The Secret Ingredient of Success
What can baseball manager Branch Rickey and a "little old ant" teach us about motivation and success? That anything is possible if you simply don't know that you can't do it....
The Secret of Change
Management consultant Carol Kinsey Goman, Ph.D. learned a valuable lesson in her previous career as a therapist-people don't change because other people want them to. True motivation must be based on WIFM ("What's in it for me?")....
The Secrets to "Growing" Great Employees
How does your garden (of employees) grow? In her new book Growing Great Employees, executive coach Erika Andersen explains how you can help your people bloom where they're planted....
The Seven Secrets of Inspirational Leaders - Members Only
If you adopt these secrets of leaders who inspire, motivate, and exert a positive influence on their people, customers will want to do business with you, employees will want to work with you, and investors will want to back you....
The Silent Language of Leadership - Members Only
Peter Drucker once said, "The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn't said." Carol Kinsey Goman, Ph.D., explains how your body language may be getting in the way of what you want to say....
The Six Essential Characteristics of Successful People
Liza Siegel, Ph.D., the consulting psychologist for the hit reality show "The Apprentice" and author of the new book Suite Success, discusses what it takes to succeed, whether on a reality show or in reality....
The Top Meeting Pet Peeves That Plague Organizations
Consquer these five peeves with top management meetings.
The Top Three Skills of a Project Team Leader
Tips from the AMA seminar Project Team Leadership.
The Upside of "Office Buzz" (or, "Stop Working and Start Talking!")
It's no secret that people love to schmooze, especially at work. But it turns out that the majority of this talk (86%) is actually work-related. And the most progressive companies are actually introducing initiatives that will facilitate what was...
Things People Do to Get Fired (and How to Avoid Doing Them)
Want to keep your job and advance your career? Follow the advice of The Five O'Clock Club career counseling service and avoid these five workplace blunders....
Three Business Skills Generation Next Can Teach Us Today
Generation Next can teach us to use simulated environments, virtual spaces, text messaging, and myriad other technologies individually and in combination. Why should we master these skills? They can promote business contacts that can help our careers...
Three Elements of Persuasion
Learn three critical elements to making a speecj/
Three Icebreaker Activities for Your Next Meeting
One of the first steps to holding a productive meeting is introducing participants to one another in a way that gets everyone talking. Here are three icebreaker exercises you can use to kick off your next meeting....
Tips for Reaching Across the Aisle (or Silo) - Members Only
Business communication expert Carol Kinsey Goman offers strategies for working across silos in the workplace.
Tips to Tame the Tiger of Teamwork
A team leader's goal is to sustain harmony among all of its members while overcoming conflicts. Here are six tips that will enable you to prevent chaos within your team and help all group members achieve greater production....
Transaction Versus Interaction
Learn the benefits of interactive communication.
Transform Meetings from Boring to Productive
Tips for making meetings more productive.
Turning Around Tough Conversations
How to handle difficult situations with tact, professionalism, and grace.
Understand That a Sales Presentation Is a Conversation, Not a Speech
Learn how to use the skills of a salesperson to make better speeches.
Unlocking the Leader Within: Conquering Stage Fright - Members Only
Five steps to conquer stage fright
Using "No Limit" Poker Strategies to Win in Business - Members Only
Winning in business is much like winning at poker: you've got to know when to hold 'em and know when to fold 'em. The authors of No Limit: The Texas Hold 'Em Guide to Winning in Business share their proven strategies to raise your odds...
Using Visual Language to Create the Case for Change
Studies show that visuals can help viewers organize and process information more quickly, accept ideas more readily, shorten meeting time, make information more memorable and increase a group's ability to reach consensus. Learn how to use visuals-from...
Want to Get Your Way? Watch and Listen
Everyone, from toddlers to CEOs, wants to get his or her way. According to a new book, Getting Your Way Every Day, the true power of persuasion lies not in the proverbial "talking until you're blue in the face," but rather in the ability to...
What If Someone "WikiLeaked" You?
In today's viral, WiwiLeaks world, leaders who want to avoid embarassment must think before they speak.
What Is a Good Question? That's a Good Question - Members Only
The six types of "good" questions.
What to Do if You Forget Someone's Name
Unless you have a photographic memory or are one of the few people who can get away with calling everyone "kiddo," sooner or later you'll be in the uncomfortable situation of forgetting someone's name. No need to panic. These tips from a memory...
What You Say Without Speaking
If you want to get your message across most effectively, pay attention not just to your words but to your body language. When it comes to nonverbal communication, perception is everything. Communication expert Carol Kinsey Goman, Ph.D., explains how...
What, Me Brag?
If you don't learn how to promote yourself, your company may not promote you, either, says Peggy Klaus, author of Brag! The Art of Tooting Your Own Horn Without Blowing It. While nobody likes a braggart, keeping quiet about your...
What's Your Business EQ (Etiquette Quotient)?
In business, how you present yourself is as important as the service or product you're presenting. Take business etiquette expert Lydia Ramsey's "Busiquiz" before your next client meeting to make sure you put your best foot forward (and not in your...
What's Your Story?
Forget the PowerPoint presentations and the bar charts. If you really want to grab people's attention, there is no substitute for the age-old art form of storytelling-and some of the most powerful, engaging stories you can tell are the ones starring...
What's Your SQ (Social Quotient)? - Members Only
Boost your business and career by leveraging your social skills.
When Leaders Talk with Their Hands
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When NOT to E-mail
If you've ever sent an e-mail that you wished you could take back (and who hasn't), you might want to keep this list of situations in which you should never, EVER send e-mail....
Why Can't People Just "Talk Normal"?
An interview with Tim Phillips, author of "Talk Normal: Stop the Business Speak Jargon and Waffle."
Why Effective Networking is Now More Critical than Ever
Networking expert Andrea Nierenberg explains how to build and nurture an effective network.
Why Good Bosses Go Bad (and Other Issues That Keep Leaders Up at Night)
An interview with Nicole Lipkin, the author of the book What Keeps Leaders Up at Night. Lipkin discusses when good bosses go bad and how to avoid it.
Why I Love My Job-The Series Continues
When Kim Fields responded to our query in "Moving Ahead" for people who love their jobs she e-mailed, "I LOVE MY JOB!!" in capital letters, followed by two exclamation points!! Who could resist that kind of enthusiasm? I knew immediately that I...
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Learn why executives use shorties in their presentations.
Why Running a Business Is Like Raising a Teenager
Like a 15-year-old who is told "no" by one parent and "yes" by another, employees become confused and less effective if they receive mixed messages from senior management....
Why the Boss Shouldn't Run Meetings
The author of No More Pointless Meetings explains why the most senior person in the room can't simultaneously run and participate in a meeting.
Why Workforce Talk Tells You What You Got
learn how staff conversations reflect work style and employee approach to work.
Why You Should Reach Out and Touch Someone
Studies show that used properly, a simple touch--even in a business environment--can work wonders.
Win-Win Is for Losers!
Wait a minute, that doesn't sound very politically correct, does it? The author of Black Belt Negotiating explains why people often unknowingly negotiate with the intention to fail. Here's how to make sure you wind up the big winner in...
Words You Lead By
Do you "check up on" your team members or "check in with" each member? Do you try to "fix" your employees or do you help "develop" your employees' skills to be more successful? This is neither semantics nor idle wordplay. It's about effective...
Writing with DASH
Tips for business people on writing on deadline, by the developer of AMA's seminar "How to Write Fast When It's Due Yesterday."
X-Ray Vision - Members Only
Today's executives must remain as transparent as an X-ray.
Yes, It Is a Popularity Contest:
Your Telephone Voice
Learn some ways to improve your voice on the telephone.


text:
"Even It Up – Gimmie Shelter" live by Heart
Video by G.
It's been a few days and I am still not over the epic performance from Heart that I witnessed on August 3, 2010. In addition to playing my dream set list, the Wilson sisters sounded and looked amazing. We were treated to generous helpings of their catalog past and present, plus a few covers were thrown in. In the video you are about to see, Heart plays the opening notes to "Gimmie Shelter" by the Rolling Stones, goes straight into their song "Even It Up," and then midway through the song, Ann Wilson starts singing the refrain "Rape – Murder – Is just a shot away" from "Gimmie Shelter." She sings the s–t out of it and this moment was one of many highlights from a really great show.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Celebrity Gifting
10 comments:
- tara said...
that is so exciting! Congrats!
- Friday, 06 March, 2009
- Eleni said...
Congratulations! That's wonderful.
- Friday, 06 March, 2009
- charmaine said...
Congratulations! i am so happy for you. what a blessing! i want to say thank you for your kind comment. this is why i love blogging because of super kind bloggers like you. thank you for your motivating words, i really do appreciate it.
God Bless,
- Saturday, 07 March, 2009
- icklekids said...
How cool is that ... celeb bubbas using your products. Well done!!
- Tuesday, 10 March, 2009
- Annette Piper said...
It's a great looking pack - congratulations :)
I've pinged you with a meme Chriss - see my blogpost at http://annettepiperjewellery.blogspot.com/2009/03/2009-autumn-fall-colours.html
- Wednesday, 11 March, 2009
- Babyjo Bamboo said...
Hi Chriss,
What fabulous news and exposure for your products!
I was having a look at their site, and it shows that you also had items included in another celebs bag? (i have to revisit their site to remember who it was.... oh i am getting old!)
Cheers and congratulations once again!
- Sunday, 15 March, 2009
- Babyjo Bamboo said...
Ah - Just had a look - and it was Rebecca Romjin!
Well done again - you are very inspiring....
- Sunday, 15 March, 2009
- Eve said...
Congrats! That is so exiting!
- Wednesday, 18 March, 2009
- AJ @ A Little Bit Nutty said...
Wow! Congrats!
- Friday, 20 March, 2009
- Bridal Survival said...
What a gorgeous range of blankets! Do they come in adult size for the big kids?
- Thursday, 26 March, 2009


text:
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text:
Parametric polymorphism is parameterization of a term by a type, permitting the term to be used in differently-typed contexts. Types of polymorphic terms contain universal quantification. For the sake of inference and ease of type-checking, mainstream functional programming languages restrict where in the type the quantifiers may appear and over what they quantify. Hindley-Milner system, or core ML, limits polymorphism to rank-1 (prenex): all quantifiers in a type must be at the front and quantify over monomorphic types. OCaml and Haskell relax the rank restriction, permitting quantifiers inside certain types such as records. Haskell also permits parameterization by arbitrary type constructors: we can define a tree data type abstracting not only over the type of leaf values but also over the type of the collection to hold node's children.
We do encounter problems that run into the limits of polymorphism in Haskell, let alone in ML. We may need to parameterize by type functions that are not constructors; we may need to quantify over not only types but also kinds. Or we think we need. Some of these demanding problems turn out solvable in Haskell or even ML. On this page we collect such examples. Most of the code is simple OCaml, demonstrating that the plain Hindley-Milner system can be surprisingly expressive.
n; The function then takes
n other arguments and returns them as the
n-element list. It seems the function should have the type
n -> ('a ->)n -> 'a list , which is of course not possible in OCaml.
The solution takes three lines; the first two define the building blocks of our numerals -- zero and the successor. The third line defines the desired function
p . An indented line after each definition shows the response of the OCaml top-level, with the inferred type for each function.
let n0 = fun k -> k [];; val n0 : ('a list -> 'b) -> 'b = <fun> let s n k x = n (fun v -> k (x::v));; val s : (('a list -> 'b) -> 'c) -> ('a list -> 'b) -> 'a -> 'c = <fun> let p sel = sel (fun x -> x);; val p : (('a -> 'a) -> 'b) -> 'b = <fun>We use the function
p as follows. (Again, an indented line underneath each statement is the response of the OCaml top-level.)
p n0;; - : 'a list = [] p (s n0) 1;; - : int list = [1] p (s (s n0)) 1 2;; - : int list = [1; 2] p (s (s (s n0))) 'a' 'b' 'c';; - : char list = ['a'; 'b'; 'c']
zipWith and the tautology checker of boolean functions of arbitrary many arguments are described in the Functional Pearl
Daniel Fridlender and Mia Indrika: Do We Need Dependent Types? J. Functional Programming, 2000, v10, N4, pp. 409-415
< http://www.math.chalmers.se/~indrika/jfp.ps.gz >
The concluding section of the paper thoroughly discusses the custom numeral approach.
Polyvariadic functions and keyword arguments
The introduction section of that page describes several other simple encodings of polyvariadic functions, including a simple Forth-like interpreter.
double_generic.ml [6K]
A simple generalization: a generic `function' (or, recipe) that can be instantiated to different data types (sums, products, lists) and to the different number of arguments. In effect, we unify the generic
map with the polyvariadic
zipWith .
The problem is to select a component from two tuples. If the tuples are
homogeneous, the problem is easy: we define the function
f1 that takes a selector as the argument. To select a component, we apply
f1 either to
fst or to
snd. (An indented line below
each definition or statement shows the response of the OCaml top-level.)
let f1 sel = (sel (1,2), sel (3,4));; val f1 : (int * int -> 'a) -> 'a * 'a = <fun> f1 fst;; - : int * int = (1, 3) f1 snd;; - : int * int = (2, 4)
Heterogeneous tuples cause serious trouble, however. For example:
let f2 sel = (sel (1,'b'), sel (true,"four"));; Error: This expression has type bool * string but an expression was expected of type int * charThe first problem is indicated in the error message. In a Hindley-Milner system, function arguments must be monomorphic. Therefore, it is not possible to apply
sel (received as the argument to
to the pairs of different types. There is another problem with
Let us try to define this function in the less restrictive System F:
let f2 (sel: forall a b. (a,b) -> a) = (sel @ int @ char (1,'b'), sel @ bool @ string (true,"four"))where
@ is the type application. We can apply
f2 to
without trouble:
f2 (Fun ta tb -> fun (x:ta,y:tb) -> x)
assuming the notation
Fun for the type abstraction. Alas,
we cannot apply
f2 to
snd, which has a different polymorphic
forall a b. (a,b) -> b. Even System F is not expressive to write
f2. We need an abstraction not only over types but over arbitrary
type functions of the kind
* -> * -> *.
It turns out the selection from heterogeneous tuples is expressible in a
Hindley-Milner system. If we look back at
f2, we notice that there
are only two choices for
sel. Therefore, we can compute the applications
f2 fst and
f2 snd separately, and later choose between the two results.
We use thunks to delay the computations until chosen.
let f3 = (* f2 applied to fst *) let f2_fst () = (fst (1,'b'), fst (true,"four")) in (* f2 applied to snd *) let f2_snd () = (snd (1,'b'), snd (true,"four")) in fun sel -> sel (f2_fst, f2_snd) () val f3 : ((unit -> int * bool) * (unit -> char * string) -> unit -> 'a) -> 'a = <fun> f3 fst;; - : int * bool = (1, true) f3 snd;; - : char * string = ('b', "four")
The trick is a higher-order version of the technique commonly used in partial evaluation. It is related to `narrowing' in functional-logic programming. It is essentially the eta-rule for sums:
fun x -> C[match x with V1 -> e1 | V2 -> e2] ==> fun x -> match x with V1 -> C[e1] | V2 -> C[e2]where the context
C[] does not bind
g that takes a selector such as the tuple selector
fst :: forall a b. (a,b) -> a snd :: forall a b. (a,b) -> bas an argument and applies it to several heterogeneous tuples. For example:
g sel = (sel (1,'b'), sel (true,"four"))It is already a problem to type such a function in System F, let alone in the Hindley-Milner system. But we want more: a function that takes functions like
g as an argument. The original problem was
posed by Vladimir Reshetnikov on the Haskell-Cafe mailing list on June
6, 2009. We describe here an elaborated version: We would like to type
check the following definition of the function
fs along with several
examples of its use.
fs g = (g snd, (), g fst) t1 = fs id t2 = fs (:[]) t3 = fs (\sel -> sel (True,False)) t4 = fs (\sel -> sel (True,"False")) t5 = fs (\sel -> head $ sel ([True],"False")) t6 = fs (\sel -> (sel (1,'b'), sel (true,"four")))The examples
t1 through
t3 type check in Haskell98; the others
are flagged as ill-typed. Indeed, the inferred type of
fs is
(((a, a) -> a) -> t) -> (t, (), t),
betraying the selection from tuples whose components have the same
type. In the example
t4 the selector is applied to the patently
heterogeneous tuple. We saw earlier that the type of a function taking a tuple
selector as an argument must be parametrized by a type function of the kind
* -> * -> *. Such polymorphism is already not representable in
System F. Now we wish to pass such a function as an argument to
First we show a brute-force solution, emulating the necessary higher-rank polymorphism. Then we change the point of view and the problem becomes trivial. The complex solution introduces an extra level of interpretation:
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses, FlexibleInstances #-} {-# LANGUAGE FunctionalDependencies, UndecidableInstances #-} data Fst = Fst data Snd = Snd fs g = (apply g Snd, (), apply g Fst)replacing the functions like
fst and
snd with their
fstE and
sndE, to be interpreted by the
extensible interpreter
Apply. The base cases of the interpreter are:
class Apply f x y | f x -> y where apply :: f -> x -> y instance Apply (x->y) x y where apply = ($) instance Apply Fst (x,y) x where apply _ = fst instance Apply Snd (x,y) y where apply _ = sndTo write the simple tests
t1 through
t3 we add the encoding
for functions that can be passed as arguments of
Representing functions by their encoding lets us get around the
too complex polymorphism:
newtype Sel a w = Sel (((a,a) -> a) -> w) t1 = fs (Sel id) t2 = fs (Sel (:[])) t3 = fs (Sel (\sel -> sel (True,False))) -- (False,(),True) instance Apply (Sel a w) Fst w where apply (Sel f) _ = f fst instance Apply (Sel a w) Snd w where apply (Sel f) _ = f sndThat encoding is too simple for
t4. Hence we introduce a more
complex encoding, and extend our interpreter:
newtype PSel obj = PSel obj instance Apply Fst obj w => Apply (PSel obj) Fst w where apply (PSel obj) _ = apply Fst obj instance Apply Snd obj w => Apply (PSel obj) Snd w where apply (PSel obj) _ = apply Snd obj t13 = fs (PSel (True,False)) t4 = fs (PSel (True,"False")) -- ("False",(),True)Alas, to express
t5 and
t6 we have to complicate our encoding further
Let us pause however. The number of selectors is finite and small;
for example, there are only two selectors from tuples,
fst and
snd. This gives us an idea to represent the function
g as a `table',
`indexed' by the selector argument. This change of representation is
quite like applying the eta-rule for sums. The function
will receive the table: a pair of the results
(g fst, g snd).
g' = (g_fst, g_snd) where g_fst = (fst (1,'b'), fst (True,"four")) g_snd = (snd (1,'b'), snd (True,"four")) fs g' = (snd g', (), fst g') t1 = fs (id,id) t2 = fs ((:[]),(:[])) t3 = fs (True,False) t4 = fs (True,"False") -- ("False",(),True) t5 = fs (head [True], head "False") -- ('F',(),True) t6 = fs g' -- (('b',"four"),(),(1,True))Thanks to the non-strict evaluation of Haskell, the results are not actually computed unless needed. This code type checks in Haskell98, or any Hindley-Milner system. Changing the representation made the problem trivial.
Haskell with only one typeclass
Another extensive example of Apply (called C in that code)
read :: Read a => String -> a fromInteger :: Num a => Integer -> aare the examples of parameterizing a term by a type, which is constrained to be a member of a type class, Read or Num, respectively. With rank-2 polymorphism, we can write terms that accept polymorphic functions like
read and
fromInteger as arguments, for example:
foo :: (Num c, Num d) => (forall b. Num b => a -> b) -> a -> (c, d) foo f x = (f x, f x) bar :: (Read c, Read d) => (forall b. Read b => a -> b) -> a -> (c, d) bar f x = (f x, f x) testFoo = foo fromInteger 1 :: (Int, Float) -- (1,1.0) testBar = bar read "1" :: (Int, Float) -- (1,1.0)Since higher-rank types in general cannot be inferred, we must supply signatures for the functions
foo and
bar . Writing signatures for top-level functions is overall a good habit. If the functions
foo and
bar were local however, defined in a
where clause, we must still write their full signatures -- and that is annoying.
The functions
foo and
bar illustrate parameterizing terms by polymorphic terms. Bas van Dijk has observed that
foo and
bar look quite alike. It is tempting to abstract away the difference between them, generalizing
foo and
bar to a single function
baz to be used like
testBaz1 = baz fromInteger 1 :: (Int, Float) testBaz2 = baz read "1" :: (Int, Float)The only difference between
foo and
bar is the type class constraint:
Num for
foo and
Read for
bar . The desired term
baz must therefore be parameterized by a type class. The article develops the solution without resorting to the recently added Constraint kind, showing that first-class constraints have always been available in Haskell.
It turns out that quantification over a type class is easy, after we add a layer of indirection. We introduce a type class that relates, or interprets, types as type classes. That type class acts as a look-up table from types to type class constraints. We can now use ordinary types to represent type classes. Ordinary polymorphism -- parameterization over types -- becomes in effect parameterization over type classes.
We implement the idea as follows, using these extensions:
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses, FunctionalDependencies #-} {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances, TypeSynonymInstances #-}Although functional dependencies are required, overlapping or undecidable instances are not. We also get by without exotic extensions such as mutually recursive instances, required by `SYB with class.'
We define the ``look-up table'' from types to type classes as the following type class:
class Apply l a b | l b -> a where apply :: l -> a -> bThe type class is the generalization of the ordinary function application. We can even give the following instance for it (although we won't be needing it here).
instance Apply (a->b) a b where apply = ($)We now add two entries into our look-up table from types to type classes. The types
LRead and
LFromInt below will act as look-up keys.
data LRead = LRead instance Read b => Apply LRead String b where apply _ = read data LFromInt = LFromInt instance Num b => Apply LFromInt Integer b where apply _ = fromIntegerThe type
LRead indeed relates to the type class constraint
Read while
LFromInt relates to
Num . We are done. The function
baz is simply
baz f x = (apply f x, apply f x)to be used as follows:
testBaz1 = baz LFromInt 1 :: (Int, Float) testBaz2 = baz LRead "1" :: (Int, Float)Incidentally, if it were not for the polymorphic numeric literal
1 , we could have defined
Apply with only two parameters and without the functional dependency.
Although we have accomplished a seemingly high-ranking polymorphism, rank-2 types emphatically were not needed. Therefore, all types are inferred. We did not have to write the signature for
baz . It is still interesting to see what the type checker has inferred:
*Main> :t baz baz :: (Apply l a b, Apply l a b1) => l -> a -> (b, b1)The type of
baz does show it to be a generalization of both
foo and
bar . The term is polymorphic over the type
l of keys in our look-up table of type class constraints. In effect,
baz is polymorphic over type classes -- as desired.
Since a type class acts as a type predicate in Haskell, quantification over arbitrary type predicates gives us the unrestricted set comprehension. We should be able to write something like Russell paradox. Indeed we can. The following code understandably needs the UndecidableInstances extension.
data Delta = Delta instance Apply l l b => Apply Delta l b where apply _ x = apply x xThe definition of
apply is not recursive: the method
apply for the instance
Apply Delta l b is defined in terms of a generally different
apply method, for the instance
Apply l l b . However, we may, later on, instantiate
l to be
Delta . After all, the quantification in the above instance is impredicative, over a class that includes the instance being defined. We introduce
omega () = apply Delta Deltawhose inferred type
*Main> :t omega omega :: () -> bleaves no doubts about the behavior of the term:
omega () promises to produce a value of any type whatsoever. Of course the evaluation of
omega () does not terminate. Since
apply is sort of a functional application, the term
apply x x above does look quite like the self-application in
\x -> x x , which is the `kernel' of fixed-point combinators. The self-application and hence fixed-point combinators are not expressible in the simply-typed lambda-calculus. Our calculus is certainly not simply typed.
Class-parameterized classes, and the type-level logarithm
An illustration of parameterizing a type class by a type class.
Many faces of the fixed-point combinator
The paper on ``Typing Dynamic Typing'' (Baars and Swierstra, ICFP 2002) demonstrated the first implementation and application of Leibniz equality witnesses in Haskell:
newtype EQU a b = EQU{subst:: forall c. c a -> c b}A term
eq :: EQU a b witnesses the equality of the types
a and
b: in
any context
c, the type
a can be substituted with the type
b. The
context is represented by the type constructor
c. The witness gives
the constructive proof of substitutability: given a term of
the type
c a, we can always obtain a term of the type
c b. Since we
do not know anything about the context
c, such a substitution may
only happen if the two types are indeed equal. Hence the sole
non-bottom witness is
refl :: EQU a a refl = EQU idtestifying that equality is reflexive. Leibniz equality became quite popular since it lets us represent GADTs to a large extent. The power of the Leibniz equality comes from the freedom to choose the context
The following example illustrates that power, by concisely proving that
the equality is transitive. Here is the 1-line witness of the proof:
tran :: EQU a u -> EQU u b -> EQU a b tran au ub = subst ub auWe treat the type
EQU a u as
(EQU a) u, that is, as an application of
the `type constructor'
(EQU a) to the type
u. We then apply the
EQU u b to replace the type
u with the type
b in the context
(EQU a), giving us the desired
EQU a b.
Implementing type checkers and type inferencers in Haskell along the lines of typing dynamic typing requires the proof that two arrow types are equal if and only if their components are equal. In one direction,
eq_arr :: EQU a1 a2 -> EQU b1 b2 -> EQU (a1->b1) (a2->b2)witnesses that if the argument and the result types of two arrow types are equal, the arrow types themselves are equal. Fortunately, for this, commonly used direction, the proof is easy, after we define suitable type-level combinators
F1 and
F2 to place the types being equated in the right
newtype F1 t b a = F1{unF1:: EQU t (a->b)} newtype F2 t a b = F2{unF2:: EQU t (a->b)} eq_arr a1a2 b1b2 = unF2 . subst b1b2 . F2 . unF1 . subst a1a2 . F1 $ reflIn the type
EQU (a1->b1) (a2->b2), the type `constructor'
(F1 (a1->b1) b2) represents the context of the type
a2, and
the type constructor
(F2 (a1->b1) a2) is the context of
the type
b2. Leibniz equality only applies if the context of a type is
represented as a type constructor; therefore, we sometimes have to
define auxiliary newtypes to put the contexts in the required form.
In the reverse direction, we have to prove that if two arrow types are equal, their components (e.g., the argument types) are equal as well. The proof will witness the injectivity of the arrow type constructor. It was thought that injectivity cannot be proven with Leibniz equality at all. For example, the paper ``Implementing Cut Elimination: A Case Study of Simulating Dependent Types in Haskell'' by Chen, Zhu and Xi, PADL'04, needed the reverse, elimination direction and found it impossible to obtain with Leibniz equality witnesses. We demonstrate that type families help.
Type families let us define ``subtractive contexts'', so that we can
view a type
a as the type
(a->b) placed into the context that
(->b). Again we use an auxiliary newtype to make the
subtractive context appear as a type constructor.
type family Fst a :: * type instance Fst (x->y) = x type instance Fst (x,y) = x -- etc. newtype FstA a b = FstA{unFstA :: EQU (Fst a) (Fst b)} eq_arr1 :: EQU (a1->b1) (a2->b2) -> EQU a1 a2 eq_arr1 eq = unFstA . subst eq $ ra where ra :: FstA (a1->b1) (a1->b1) ra = FstA refl
Jeremy Yallop has suggested a simple generalization that lets us write
generic injectivity witnesses, for arbitrary type constructors
eq_f :: EQU (f a) (f1 b) -> EQU a b eq_f2 :: EQU (f a1 b1) (f1 a2 b2) -> EQU a1 a2These witnesses testify that Leibniz equality is indeed stronger than mere bijection.
Proving False with impredicativity, injectivity, and type case analysis
Your comments, problem reports, questions are very welcome!
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text:
|Full blown aids at diagnosis
Aug 2, 2007
I was diagnosed with full blow AIDS approx 9 months ago , a viral load of 89,000 CD4 187, About 11 months before that I had a life insurance policy lapse and it was reinstated after a full physical and hiv test. How can I go from HIV negative to full blow AIDS in a few months? Please answer?
Response from Dr. Young
Sorry to hear about your diagnosis.
Let me start by saying that AIDS isn't full blown or not. AIDS is AIDS.
It's not rare to hear of cases where the person goes from exposure to AIDS within several months. Fortunately, this isn't commonplace and furthermore, rapid disease progression doesn't mean that medications for HIV are any less effective in preventing disease or death.
At this point, if your low CD4 count level is confirmed by second testing, (among other things) you should be started on trimethoprim/sulfa (Bactrim) to prevent pneumonia and begin the process of counseling and education about starting HIV medications.
Best of luck to you. BY
Condom broke,can PEP be affective
Average time to medication
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text:
Darren Kaye needed a new stationery design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 38 designs submitted by 19 freelance designers.
Use pre-existing logo for design for
business card
compliments slip
Fluffy Bums
We are looking for a stationary design, business card, letter head, compliments slip using our pre-existing logo. There are no limitations on the business card, 1 or 2 sided would be considered.
This is the logo that must be used in the design
Here are the details that need to be on the stationery
If you would like the AI or eps version please PM me, again this will be for print,
Here is the info to use on the stationery
Caroline Scott
Fluffy Bums
Annetwell Street
01228 510 021
- Memorable
- Environmentally themed colours - as our nappies are enviromentally friendly
- We will be pritnting the stationery so require the designs at 300dpi - in editable format
- Files must be provided in an editable format
- Poor Design