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Faltering Bruins fall again, lose to Flyers
Philadelphia 5, Boston 2
Matt Read and defenseman Oliver Lauridsen scored seven seconds apart in the second period and host Philadelphia rolled to its fourth win in five games.
Scott Hartnell, Jakub Voracek and Simon Gagne also scored and Steve Mason turned aside 39 shots for his third straight win as the Flyers stalled Boston's attempt for a division title.
Defenseman Wade Redden and David Krejci scored in a sloppy performance by Boston, which remained tied atop the Northeast Division with Montreal after the Canadiens dropped a 3-2 decision to New Jersey. The Bruins, who have a game in hand, lost for the fifth time in six games (1-4-1).
Hartnell set the tone only 1:40 into the contest after converting a giveaway by Krecji, but Redden pounced on a rebound three minutes later for his first goal with Boston and a 1-1 tie after one period.
Read put the Flyers ahead at 11:24 of the second before Boston defenseman Zdeno Chara misplayed a backhander toward his own net that caromed off the stick of Anton Khudobin and between his legs. Lauridsen was credited with his first NHL goal on the play for Philadelphia, which put it away in the third when Gagne scored 13 seconds after Krecji's tally for a 5-2 lead.
GAME NOTEBOOK: Flyers captain Claude Giroux set up both third-period goals to give him eight points in his last five games. ... Khudobin was replaced by Tuukka Rask following Chara's blunder. He made 14 saves. ... The second-period goals by Philadelphia tied for the second-fastest in franchise history, behind two scored in six seconds in 1985.

subset: commoncrawl


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Points accumulate over the course of the calendar year. On December 31st, an athlete's top three race performances are scored. Although athletes may compete in as many IRONMAN, IRONMAN 70.3, and IRONMAN 5150 events as they choose, only their top three race performances will be calculated toward their AGR. Points are allocated to each race distance and calculated based on the athlete's finish time behind the first official finisher in their age group. Athletes are encouraged to check their points/rankings throughout the year to make sure all of their results are accurate.
For an IRONMAN (full-distance triathlon) the total available points are 5,000. IRONMAN 70.3 (half-distance triathlon), the total available points are 3,500. For IRONMAN 5i50 events the total available points are 1,000. For sprint distance events the total available points are 700. Points are calculated based on the athlete's race finish time behind the first finisher in his/her age group. Points continue to drop as the race time increases, until the points reach a "point floor," at which point they don't drop any further.
Please note: When a race is deemed a non-wetsuit legal race, all athletes who choose to race in the wetsuit wave will receive base participation points in accordance with the All World Athlete age group ranking system.
There is a value to the minutes and seconds in each race distance. In an IRONMAN, the points diminish at a rate of approximately 12 points per minute. In an IRONMAN 70.3 they diminish by approximately 18 points per minute. IRONMAN 5i50 diminish at a rate of 21 points per minute. Sprints diminish at a rate of 33 points per minute.
Example: If you win your age group in IRONMAN, you are awarded 5,000 points. If you finish in second place a minute behind the leader, your points are 4,988.
Point Break Down
Event Distance
Maximum Points
Minimum Points
Rate of Decline*
Time to Floor**
12 points/minute
5.5 hours
18 points/minute
2.5 hours
21 points/minute
30 minutes
IRONMAN Sprint Triathlons
33 points/Minute
15 minutes
* Rate at which points decrease based on finish time behind the first finisher in each age group.
** Time it takes from first finisher to reach minimum points.


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08-01-2013 #1
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DPattison necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 176 diseños de 33 diseñadores freelance.
FictionNotes.com Needs Multipurpose Logo. And That's No Story.
Fiction Notes - http://www.fictionnotes.com
Logo: image and/or text to brand website in a glance. Logo should be fun, simple, clear.
FictionNotes.com gives hope to fiction writers that they can write and be published by providing hands-on, how-to, practical information for any variety of fiction. Because publishing is a harsh business, a hopeful spirit is necessary; but it needs to be bouyed by practical help.
- Colors: Black, white, and red (#a11b1b). If you want an accent color, use green (#5f9410). White background. Should look good in one color, too.
- Subtitle is optional.
- I have eclectic tastes from pure b/w iconic images togrunge (but readable) typefaces with matching assymetrical design. If you use script fonts, they must be easy to read at a glance. Experiment and have fun.
- Embody the dual themes of hope and how-to. Writing is a process of turning ideas into words. Make it personal.
- Need the source files for the vector illustration.
- .com is optional.
- Don't do just font variations; I can do that. I want something to visually embody the hope/how-to themes. I'm not sure exactly how to do that visually -- which is why I'm here!
- NO quillpens, cutesy stuff. Notepad probably won't work either. No fluff. Books OK, but we also cover other forms of fiction, so it might not be the best option, unless you do it in a unique way. Looking at other contests, though, I did like the Uptown Pens ideas where a pen tip replaced the negative space on the letter U. That type of visual is great.
- Boring.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Subscribe To The Spectacular Now Writers Will Next Adapt Rules Of Civility Updates
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Adapting a novel for film seems like a very particular talent to have, and it is a talent that screenwriters Scott Neustadter and Michael Weber are awash in. The duo recently received accolades for penning the screenplay for James Ponsoldt's The Spectacular Now, based on the novel by Tim Tharp. Their next project sounds like it could be a great follow-up.
Next up, Neustadter and Weber will be adapting the 2011 novelRules of Civility, states The Hollywood Reporter, which makes this their fifth book-to-film adaptation. The novel, written by Boston native Amor Towles, was on the bestseller charts for nearly eight months, and was a favorite of both Oprah Winfrey and The Wall Street Journal, so it was naturally a highly-sought out property. It ended up taking the president of Lionsgate eight months of convincing Towles in order to get the rights. So for this particular writing team to get the job speaks quite highly of their skills.
After gaining popularity with their spec script (500) Days of Summer, Neustadter and Weber went on to Spectacular Now, then finished up a script for Rosaline, which is adapted from the modernized Romeo and Juliet romance When You Were Mine, from author Rebecca Serle. They've also been working on adapting the young adult sensation The Fault in Our Stars by John Green, which will certainly jerk a few tears out of audiences whenever that makes it to cinemas. And finally, they've also been working on a script for Where'd You Go, Bernadette, the familial comedy novel from Maria Semple. Phew!
Rules of Civility is a 1930s period piece that follows a Wall Street secretary up the ladder to success, and examines how the spontaneity of our decisions can change our lives forever.


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| Lycodon sidiki
Wostl, Hamidy, Kurniawan & Smith, 2017
Herein we describe a new species of Lycodon H. Boie in Fitzinger (Squamata: Colubridae) from Aceh Province, Sumatra. This brings the number of species known to occur on the Sunda Shelf to seven. The new species is readily diagnosed from the other congeners in the region by the lack of a preocular scale, the presence of keeled dorsal scales and a banded venter. It is superficially similar to L. butleri from the Malaysian Peninsula in coloration and to L. subcinctus in head scalation. Genetically, the new species is most similar to a group of species from Mainland Southeast Asia and China. We also note the presence of several deeply divergent lineages within Lycodon that may warrant the recognition as distinct genera. The genus is in need of a comprehensive molecular and morphological review.
Keywords: Reptilia, Biodiversity, molecular phylogeny, Sunda Shelf, systematics
|FIGURE 3. Lateral aspect of the head of the Lycodon sidiki spec. nov. holotype. Note the lack of a preocular scale.
Scale bar = 5 mm
|FIGURE 2. Lycodon sidiki spec. nov. Holotype, MZB.Ophi.5980, 548 mm SVL.
Diagnosis. This species of Lycodon is recognized by the presence of keeled scales, an elongate loreal scale that reaches the orbit, the absence of a preocular scale, an undivided anal scale, and a banded venter.
|FIGURE 2. Lycodon sidiki spec. nov. Holotype, MZB.Ophi.5980, 548 mm SVL.
Etymology. This species is named in honor of Irvan Sidik, Indonesian herpetologist, a colleague, and friend, for his numerous contributions to the herpetology of the Sunda Shelf, and his promotion of scientific collections and the study of snakes.
Elijah Wostl, Amir Hamidy, Nia Kurniawan and Eric N. Smith. 2017. A New Species of Wolf Snake of the Genus Lycodon H. Boie in Fitzinger (Squamata: Colubridae) from the Aceh Province of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Zootaxa. 4276(4); 539–553. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4276.4.6
Peneliti Indonesia Jadi Nama Spesies Ular Baru: Lycodon sidiki https://kumparan.com/utomo-priyambodo/peneliti-indonesia-jadi-nama-spesies-ular-baru-lycodon-sidiki


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Guitar tab is a popular place for beginners to start when they are just getting started on guitar. It's easy to use and share with other guitar players.This page answers some of the common questions we get from beginners about guitar tabs and guitar chords.
Guitar tablature is one of those things that once you know how to read it, you never forget it. There are six horizontal lines. The bottom one is the sixth string, the low E, and the top one is the high E. The rest are just the ones found in-between in order. The numbers on the lines only tell you what fret to play that note on, but not what finger to use. The writers of tab expect you to figure out the best way to play the notes they wrote.
Take at look at the beginning of Happy Birthday:
To play this on guitar, you would fret the B string at the third fret and play it, play it again, then fret the same string at the fifth fret, and so on. Even if it is not marked, the time flows at even intervals from left to right. The last thing represented in the tab above is a chord, in this case the D7 chord. You have to fret and strike all of the strings marked at the same time. In this case it's pretty easy because two of the strings are 'open' – struck without being fretted.
We have more detailed lessons on tab here on Guitar Noise. You might want to look at Absolute Beginner Part 1: Chords.
Wouldn't it be great if you could figure out any song by ear without the help of tab? With a bit of practice, hearing chord changes will become second nature over time. You will need to spend time and energy on ear training and be aware that it is much more of a puzzle than a mystery.
You can take a lot of the guesswork out of learning a song by ear. You might want to begin by reading the following lessons:
- Happy New Ear
- Unearthing the Structure
- Solving the Puzzle
- Grow Your Ears With the Net
- Ears
- Listen Up
Rather than relying solely on transcriptions, we want to see you learn guitar and begin to figure out songs on your own. Check out our growing series of lessons on ear training.
Those of you who have read my columns know I tend to chant "write things down" over and over like a mantra. "Write things down." A terrific example of the usefulness of this advice is when you are messing about with open and alternate tunings.
Perhaps it's easier for you to remember the really olden days, back when you were just starting to learn the guitar. It may or may not have been difficult to memorize the standard chord fingerings, but you undoubtedly had access to chord charts of one sort or another. Imagine if you had to start from scratch each time you picked up the guitar! Well, unless you have books or charts for open or alternate tunings, that's precisely what will happen. If you have the foresight to make yourself a map you won't find yourself wrestling monsters each time you change tuning. Even though they may seem mysterious and foreboding, open and alternate tunings are fun. "Map making" is not hard; it takes but a moment of your time and, most importantly, will help you to develop your theory skills.
For a complete lesson on fretboard mapping check out the article Open Tuning – Part 2.
As far as I can tell (and fair warning, I may be wrong about this), Nashville "chord charts" aren't actually chords or charts per se as much as they are a way of being able to play a song in any key. If their intention was to not have to read music they made it a lot harder on themselves.
In a nutshell, whatever key a song is, is #1. Then the other numbers are the chords according to the scale in that major key. So, for instance, if you are all agreed that you want to play in D major, then you'll have this:
Now what I can't tell you is whether or not they distinguish between major and minor. Technically, if you are in D, as I'm sure you know, things should look like this:
2 = Em
3 = F#m
6 = Bm
7 = C#dim
Maybe they write "2m" or something, I don't know. If they assume it's a major scale and use the normal minors, then what do you do when you grab a chord outside of the scale. How would a Bb fit into the key of D, for instance?
I can tell you that, to make matters more interesting, "7" "9" or even "sus" may come after the number ("1sus" for instance would be Dsus in our example) and that they also use the "/" symbol to indicate a bass note other than the one normally used. "1/5" would be a D chord with the A note in the bass. "4/1" would be a G chord with a D in the bass.
When I was in Europe I ran into something kind of like this in that someone would tell me that a song was in "Re" or "La Minor" using the "Do, re, mi…" as substitutes for C, D, E… but at least that didn't shift for each key. My guess is that a lot of Nashville folk played backup to numerous singers and had to be able to play a song in whatever key was best suited to a given singer. It's simply transposing, that's all.
Now, "Nashville tuning" is another matter altogether.
The easiest way to get a TAB of scales is to do one yourself. No lie. This is what I do with my students. First we will take a scale and analyze it and then we will chart it out on the fretboard.
So if we go over the minor pentatonic scale, the student knows it is root, minor 3rd, 4th, 5th, b7th. Now let's pick a key. E is the easiest, so let's start there. Em pentatonic would be E, G, A, B, D. In first position, we'd have this:
Now the beauty of this is using both the guitar and your brain. If I think, "Hey, the root of this scale is on both the 1st and 6th strings," then I can correctly assume that any minor pentatonic scale would use the same form. I would need to find the correct root. Since I know that G is the third fret on either G string, then I know that a Gm pentatonic scale (G, Bb, C, D, F) would be like this:
E – 3 6 (G, Bb)
G – 3 5 (Bb, C)
E – 3 6 (G, Bb)
See how easy this is? This is why I encourage my students to write these out themselves rather than look for it on the net. You'll remember it better because you put the effort into learning it.
Guitar Noise is primarily a guitar lesson site. Our "text to tab ratio" is something we are proud of. Rather than teaching individual songs many of our lessons deal with techniques that you can apply to almost any song. Having said that, a search for complete guitar tablature transcriptions will lead you away from this site.
In 2006, The Music Publishers' Association began legal action against web sites that contained guitar tablature. These actions, which consisted of takedown letters to website owners and their Internet service providers, proved to be very effective. As of this writing many of the once popular guitar tab sites have removed their content. Currently no "authorized" sites have replaced the void this has created.
Given the current situation, it doesn't make sense to provide a list of links to free guitar tab sites. These sites could very likely disappear without notice. Rather than seeing you rely on guitar tab, we want to help you learn to figure out songs by yourself. Guitar Noise has a series of lessons on ear training.
If you are looking to buy books or digital sheet music with authentic tabs, Guitar Noise has has teamed up with Sheet Music Plus and Amazon.com to bring you the largest possible selection. Over the years we have sold thousands of books as an affiliate of these sites. Between these two online stores you will probably find authentic transcriptions for just about any song want.
Do not email this site requesting songs. We do have any tab on this site, nor are we in the business of searching the net for you. There are enough instructions on here that you should be able to find what you are looking for by yourself. If you still cannot find what you are looking for, it probably doesn't exist.
If you must ask someone you may post a message in the Guitar Noise Forums asking if anyone has it.
Let's try to avoid turning the message board into a tab request forum.
Guitar Noise does not post guitar tabs, but we may link to places that do. You can try sending your songs to guitar sites that accept submissions.
If you already have a website with guitar tabs we might be interested in exchanging links. To set up a link exchange you need to fill out the form on our contact page.
Easy Songs for Beginners lessons are back! Once again you can learn guitar the way you want to – with officially licensed songs from the music publisher. Read the official announcement. (updated November 3, 2011)
On February 11, 2010 we received a letter from lawyers representing the Music Publishers' Association instructing us to remove guitar tab and lyrics from this site. You can read more about their original complaint here: Guitar Tab Takedown. And there is a more recent update on the blog here: Where are the guitar tabs?
Back in 2006, The Music Publishers' Association began taking legal action against web sites that contained guitar tablature. These actions, which consisted of takedown letters to website owners and their Internet service providers, proved to be very effective. As of this writing many of the once popular guitar tab sites have removed their content. Sites with authorized tabs are slowly starting to return. There has been a lively and well informed discussion of this issue on the Guitar Noise Forums.
Publishing rights is the right to control publishing – that is, printed reproductions of your music.
For more information on the different types of music rights, have a look at our FAQ What is the deal with music rights?
Guitar Noise is, and has always been a tutorial website, where anyone in the world can receive free guitar lessons and advice. We primarily teach guitar techniques, music theory and most other aspects of learning guitar. You can find a good sampling of our lessons on the guitar columns page. We're pretty proud of our "text to tab ratio."
Here are some of our lessons that deal with guitar tab.
I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For
Bono Tip: What do you need help with? Tweet it to us at @guitarnoise1 and we'll see what we can do.


text:
Hillsborough Choice Options
Options for the 2020-2021 School Year
Upcoming Events and Application Periods
- Attendance
- Magnet
- School
- Hillsborough
- Career and
- Out of
- Military
- Other
Locate your attendance area school/s with the School Locator.
Disclaimer: All school attendance boundaries are subject to change by School Board action. The maps and descriptions are provided for convenience only.
Attendance Area: A school assignment based on the student's home address.
Families do not need to complete an application for their children to attend or remain at their attendance area school. Please contact the school directly for registration information.
Students who live less than two miles from a school are not eligible for transportation based on the State Board of Education Rule 6-A 001(3).
Magnet Programs: Magnet Schools and Programs are elementary, middle, and high schools with theme-based curriculum offering innovative and rigorous academic instruction by specially trained teachers.
Please select the specific school level below for Magnet steps to apply.
Kindergarten Steps to Apply – Student must be 5 years old on or before September 1, 2020.
* The elementary IB program has a transportation area. However, a family can submit an application for a magnet school outside of their magnet transportation area. Locate which IB school provides transportation.
Kindergarten students are only eligible for magnet transportation if they are accompanied on the bus by an older sibling who attends the same school and lives at the same address.
Elementary School Steps to Apply (grades 1-5)
* The elementary IB program has a transportation area. The elementary school to which the student's application is directed is based on the residential address. Locate which IB school area your address is in.
Middle School Steps to Apply (grades 6-8)
* The middle IB program has a transportation area. However, a family can submit an application for magnet school outside of their magnet transportation area. Locate which IB school provides transportation.
High School Steps to Apply (grades 9 and 10)
For more information on Magnet Programs, click here.
School Choice: School Choice provides parents and legal guardians with children entering grades K-11 the opportunity to choose nonmagnet schools or Career & Technical Education programs. Parents may choose from a list of schools with space available. Transportation is not provided.
View procedures and reasons for revocation of School Choice.
Each school in our district must comply with the Class Size Reduction Amendment.
Hillsborough Virtual: Hillsborough Virtual School (HVS) is a school choice option for students entering grades K‐12. HVS students are served by Highly Qualified Hillsborough County teachers for each class online.
For more information click here.
Career and Technical Programs: Career & Technical Programs offer technical training leading to high wage/high skill jobs and to further post secondary education.
For more information click here.
Transportation is the responsibility of the parent/guardian.
Military Families: Welcome military families to Hillsborough County Public Schools!
For more information click here.
Other Options:
Charter Schools
Home Education
Mckay Scholarships
Partnership Schools


text:
Greg: Everyone's out of here. Time to clean up.
Greg: LAME finish. No emotional build. Triple H pedigreed Orton, who was out from the sledgehammer hit. No run ins, no nothing. Blecch.
Greg: HHH just hit Orton with the 'hammer, but the ref didn't see it. What a good guy.
Greg: Orton has the sledgehammer. But HHH punted Orton.
Greg: Pretty dramatic, if methodical match, so far. Orton's facials might be the best ever. Orton just dropped HHH after a ref (Scott Armstrong) bump.
Greg: We've less than 5 minutes in and we've already seen an RKO out of nowhere and a pedigree. Crowd seems tired or subdued.
Greg: Shake and bake tan on Randy Orton. He looks orange.
HHH-Orton up next.
Just in case you missed, Undertaker is 17-0, defeating HBK in a nice match.
The official attendance is announced: 72,744.
Steve and JR bless another brew, for old time's sake. Austin is wearing the classic 3:16 shirt to boot.
The 2009 Hall of Fame inductees are re-announced, with Stone Cold, taking it upon himself to drive around the ring in his ATV. Looks like he's done this before..
Kenai: That was an average match, with some nice spots. A good break for the crowd to rest from the Taker-HBK match before it.
Wrestlemania 26 will be held in Phoenix Arizona, March 28 2010, according to the promo.
And Cena takes it FUing Edge onto Show for the duke. Cena leaves as the World Heavuweight Champ.
Kenai: Even it was for a brief moment, Cena hoisting Show and Edge on his back, was impressive.
Greg: Highlights of the triple threat so far: Cena lifting Big Show, Edge spearing Big Show through the ring barricade, Vickie Guerrero took a spear off the apron ... but Chavo caught her.
Greg: Edge came out first, then Show, and an army of Cenas came out next, to line the ramp for Cena. Best entrance tonight.
Greg: Edge vs Big Show vs John Cena is next.
Andy: The end comes when HBK goes for a moonsault off the top rope. Taker catches him and plants the Tombstone for a 1-2-3. Undertaker is 17-0 at WrestleMania.
Greg: Taker is stunned. Tombstone didn't get the pin.
Greg: No! They roll into a male hug.
Greg: HBK nails Sweet Chin Music! Is it over??
Greg: Michaels just pulled Taker onto a cameraman. It looked great from the first angle. Then they showed it from a camera BEHIND the cameraman (ummm, why was HE there if the other was a real camera?) That angle looked silly, and the plant / cameraman pulled Taker onto him after the dive. And really, the footage we want is the one the camera shot that was hit. That would have added some credibility.
Greg: Taker vs HBK has been very competitive and entertaining so far. Calling it even at the moment.
Greg: You know the introductions take too long when you can go upstairs, get your son out of the tub, dry him off and kiss him goodnight, then come downstairs and the match is just starting.
Greg: Undertaker versus Michaels is up now. Should be interesting, though I don't think anyone thinks Michaels has a chance.
Laury: Michaels looks like a cheap preacher.
Andy: JBL grabs the mic after the bell and is speechless. He then screams..."I Quit!" On an unrelated note JBL looks out of shape and in need of a 'bro'.
Andy: JBL hits a vicious head kick before the bell even rings. Wow this is over quickly! The bell rings, Mysterio connects with the 619 and a top rope splash...21 seconds. Rey "Joker" Mysterio is the new Intercontinental Champion! Well this was uninteresting to begin with so at least it ended quickly
Kenai: Rey looks interesting with the joker homage. But why so serious?
JBL is great at cutting promos and this one here is no different, right in the middle of the ring.
Rey Mysterio and JBL up next.
And it's over , just like that. Matt with a sick twist of fate on Jeff, with Jeff in the chair. Everyone agrees it looked nasty.
Here come the ladders now.
Jeff puts another table on top of Matt, who is already on a table, who jumps on a ladder and dives unto Matt, smashing both tables. Neat.
Kenai: A shop-vac. Now I've seen it all.
Greg: The Hardy vs Hardy match is up next.
Laury: "Jeff Hardy's still alive. That's awesome."
Greg: Once Flair bailed, Jericho called out Mickey Rourke. Rourke milked it for all it was worth, and got into the ring, boxing. Jericho eventually started boxing as well, and Rourke clocked him in the back of the head. Jericho went down, and rolled out of the ring. Flair and Rourke paraded and celebrated.
Greg: Flair and Jericho now. Whooooo!
Greg: Small package, but it's not enough for Steamboat! Shortly thereafter Jericho won with his codebreaker. We're not worthy, Dragon, we're not worthy.
Greg: Steamer rules -- though they cut away from his Skin the Cat -- did someone help him back in the ring?
Greg: To really have brought back the past, Jesse Ventura should have been on commentary.
Greg: Grandpa Snuka was out first. Then Piper was eliminated. Steamboat -- who looks great -- did a top rope crossbody onto Jericho, but just got two.
Greg: Apparently Jericho is afflicted with narcissism, says J.R.
Andy: Mickey Rourke is in the audience...he's wearing a cowboy hat and looks like Kid Rock's father!
Greg: They are running a long video on The Wrestler with quotes from Mickey Rourke and Jericho's bad attitude towards the oldtimers. Guess that match is next.
Greg: It was a waste bringing in the oldtimers. What did Sunny look like? Molly Holly? Who else was even in there? Weird.
Greg: Santino -- er "Santina" won, though the King & Ross pretended throughout they didn't know who he was. He dumped Phoenix & Melina. King: "The first diva I've ever seen with a 5 o'clock shadow."
Greg: The Miss Wrestlemania match is on now. Mae Young is timekeeper. Santino is in a wig. They didn't introduce ANY of them, claiming that they just started fighting before the intros.
Greg: For the FIFTH song, the divas started parading / table dancing down past Kid Rock. So at least we don't get intro music for each of the 25 divas, thankfully.
Greg: Four songs now. I didn't pay for this, WWE.
Greg: They have dropped Colons vs Miz & Morrison, apparently, and yet we get THREE Kid Rock lame songs??? How does that work? Is someone injured backstage and unable to perform? Maybe Rey Rey had to go pee.
Greg: Kid Rock is on. Talk about killing the momentum.
Greg: Andy McNamara is here now to help us ID the Smackdown guys.
Kenai: Not a bad opening match
Kenai: You're bang on Laury!
Laury: The Obama factor is at play here: The most black men in a match that I can recall
Kenai: The boys laying it out there. Bodies flying everywhere.
Nice catch of Kofi by Henry, who promptly smashes him into the ladder.
Michael Cole, Jerry Lawler, and Jim Ross are the announcing team for tonight.
Man, Mark Henry almost came off the top rope! Now Hornswaggle has a miniladder and he just jumped onto everybody. "That was lovely" says Laury.
Greg: "Who are the boys in the pretty pants?" asks Laury, proof there is a female watching with us.
Kenai: Yeah. Anyways, I'm rooting for Kofi.
Show is underway with the Money in the Bank. Punk is out first. So much for Mysterio supposedly telling us he'd be out first.
Come on Greg! The song was agreeable as well. I can definitely dig it.
Greg: Kenai just said "Nice visual" for the chicky singing. Should I know who she is?
Greg: Intro video package was pretty good, actually, with the superstars talking about the history of Wrestlemania.
Kenai Andrews: Cue the Wrestlemania theme song
GREG OLIVER: I'm wearing a Frank Gotch t-shirt. How many other people can say that who are watching Mania? How many would even know who Gotch is??
Kenai: I can't believe it. Greg called it. CM Punk takes the cake - again.
Dale Plummer comes out of self-imposed purgatory to recap the show on PPV as only Dale can.
Down in Houston, ace photographer Mike Mastrandrea will be shooting as best he can from wherever he is positioned in the stadium. And if you haven't already checked out Mike's wicked shots from the WWE Hall of Fame, Fan Axxess, Ring of Honor and Booker T's event, shame on you! (Access -- note the proper spelling -- them at Wrestlemania 25 photo galleries.)
Nick Tylwalk will be filing stories for Mondays Sun newspapers as well as a "man on the scene" report from Reliant Stadium.
As for "Bloodthirsty" Bob Kapur, well, we're not sure what to expect. His "Twittering" report from Saturday's festivities was a little off-beat, to say the least. No doubt there is more on the way. He'll be in Houston for Raw on Monday and will likely visit with a few Houston-area oldtimers as well for future features on SLAM! Wrestling.
Got all that? We're tired just typing it out!


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Developer diaries are normally my enemy, but Kingdom Come: Deliverance gets a pass today, as dudes with medieval swords (and crossbows!) strap cameras to themselves and just go at it, all in the name of making better video game combat.
Will it actually contribute to a realistic, enjoyable combat system? Who knows, that's the - pardon the medieval pun - Holy Grail of first-person game development, but at the very least these guys had fun researching.
The 1v1 stuff they show early on looks a bit janky (hey, it's still in development!), but those shots from inside the middle of a giant battlefield look awesome.


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Claude Monet (November 14, 1840-December 5, 1926) is arguably the most important figure in the foundation of the French Impressionist school of painting. Its most consistent and prolific practitioner, Monet applied the movement's philosophy of exploring and expressing one's perceptions before nature, particularly in his well-known landscape paintings. In fact, the term Impressionism is derived from the title of his 1872 painting Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant). Inspired by the Barbizon painters of the early-nineteenth century, Monet's dedication to painting en plein air led him to question the formalized European traditions of color, composition, and representation. Monet's studies of French landscapes, leisurely activities of the upper-middle class, portraits, architecture, and garden scenes are recognized as seminal influences on not only the late 1800s, but also the painters of the early twentieth century. Monet died in Giverny in 1926, and his home and prolific garden were bequeathed to the French Academy of Fine Arts, and are currently open to the public. View all of Claude Monet's work.
In the later years of his life, Claude Monet produced approximately 250 paintings of water lilies, the assemblage of which is referred to as Nympheas. Painted through the artists' cataract-afflicted eyes from impressions of his Giverny garden, the Water Lilies series has come to be some of Monet's most renowned and lauded work. Perhaps the most well known example of the Water Lilies resides in Paris's Orangerie, a small museum in the gardens of Tuileries. The Orangerie houses two oval rooms whose walls are completely covered by the eight spectacular water lily murals that Monet created, which were unveiled mere months after his death, opening in May 1927. Other members of the Water Lily series can be found in respectable institutions such as the Metropolitan Museum in New York, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Musee Marmottan Manet in Paris, the Musee des Beaux-Arts de Nantes, and many others. Nympheas is not only one of Monet's most beloved collections of work, but also monumentally important and influential in the development of twentieth-century art.
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Has anyone here read Siddhartha by Herman Hesse (I'm pretty sure that's who wrote it).
What about The metamorphosis, The Trial, The Castle, or Amerika by franz kafka? I'm reading the trial right now. I'd say Kafka's my favorite author.
What books are you reading and why do you like them so much?


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How we did it:
For any feedback, any questions, any notes or just for chat - feel free to follow us on social networks
Michael C. Feathers
The average book on Agile software development describes a fairyland of greenfield projects, with wall-to-wall tests that run after every few edits, and clean & simple source code.
The average software project, in our industry, was written under some aspect of code-and-fix, and without automated unit tests. And we can't just throw this code away; it represents a significant effort debugging and maintaining. It contains many latent requirements decisions. Just as Agile processes are incremental, Agile adoption must be incremental too. No more throwing away code just because it looked at us funny.
Mike begins his book with a very diplomatic definition of "Legacy". I'l skip ahead to the undiplomatic version: Legacy code is code without unit tests.
Before cleaning that code up, and before adding new features and removing bugs, such code must be de-legacified. It needs unit tests.
To add unit tests, you must change the code. To change the code, you need unit tests to show how safe your change was.
The core of the book is a cookbook of recipes to conduct various careful attacks. Each presents a particular problem, and a relatively safe way to migrate the code towards tests.
Code undergoing this migration will begin to experience the benefits of unit tests, and these benefits will incrementally make new tests easier to write. These efforts will make aspects of a legacy codebase easy to change.
It's an unfortunate commentary on the state of our programming industry how much we need this book.


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THESE are early days in Yorkshire's quest to win a hat-trick of County Championship titles.
They have only just finished their second game and the season is not yet out of nappies.
However, there will be concern that an issue that worried them in 2015 has not yet disappeared.
Yorkshire's batting remains inconsistent, and is something that they are working hard at to address.
In each of their four Championship innings so far, Yorkshire have lost early wickets.
In their opening game against Hampshire at Headingley, they were 41-3 in the first innings before a fourth-wicket stand of 205 between Adam Lyth and Jonny Bairstow.
Later, a further double-century stand between Bairstow and Liam Plunkett helped Yorkshire to a final score of 593-9 declared.
However, four of the top-six contributed just 20 runs to that total.
In the second innings, Yorkshire found themselves 43-4 before a stand of 73 between Andrew Gale and Jack Leaning.
It was only a minor recovery as Yorkshire reached 183-8 before hands were shaken.
Afterwards, Gale – whose 46 was the highest score after Yorkshire dominated the first half of the match – admitted that Yorkshire could not keep relying on Bairstow's "unbelievable contributions".
The England man hit a career-best 246 in the first innings, having scored 1,108 Championship runs last year at 92.
In a few weeks, Bairstow will link-up with England once again to begin preparations for their three-match Test series against Sri Lanka.
Yorkshire will thus be faced with the question: how do you replace the irreplaceable?
However, Yorkshire – who will be strengthened by overseas batsmen Kane Williamson and Travis Head later in the summer – could hardly be called a one-man team.
They have talent and depth in their batting and players with proven records – players who, as Gale acknowledged, need to stand up and take responsibility.
Gale himself hit 1,000 Championship runs last season, while Lyth and Gary Ballance played Test cricket as recently as last summer, with Ballance, in particular, having already put some good scores on the board.
Alex Lees has been tipped as a future Test player, and Leaning is another highly-rated prospect.
Of course, early-season conditions must be factored in. There has been some rain and even snow and sleet around, and it is traditionally a time of year for bowlers.
However, Yorkshire also struggled against the MCC in Abu Dhabi in the curtain-raiser to the English campaign.
They were 88-5 in their first innings before a stand of 125 between Ballance and Will Rhodes helped them to 275, and in the second innings they slipped to 147-6 before almost doubling their total in a match they lost by four wickets.
Last week, against Warwickshire at Edgbaston, Yorkshire were 85-4 before a fifth-wicket stand of 102 between Ballance and Leaning. They also fell to 37-2 in their short second innings.
Clearly, one cannot expect batsmen to score runs every time they go to the crease, and the most important statistic is that Yorkshire are back-to-back champions.
But coach Jason Gillespie wants more ruthlessness from the top-order and specifically more partnerships in a relentless attempt to drive up standards.


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Everything about LED Lights and how to apply them to your rc lifestyle.
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SANTA ANA, Calif. (AP) — Police have arrested two drivers suspected in a hit-and-run incident caught on surveillance video in which a 14-year-old girl was struck twice at a Santa Ana intersection.
Cpl. Anthony Bertagna says the accident would have been the girl's fault if both drivers had remained at the scene.
The Orange County Register reports (http://bit.ly/1qbqtHT ) 21-year-old Amanda Sananikone was arrested Wednesday and booked on suspicion of felony hit-and-run. Investigators say after striking the girl Sananikone got out of her car, walked up to the victim and then drove away.
Also booked was 32-year-old Adan Camacho, who was arrested shortly after the Monday afternoon collision.
The girl was treated at a hospital for a leg injury and released. Police say she darted into traffic against a red light.
Information from: The Orange County Register, http://www.ocregister.com


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LONG BEACH, Calif.—The Harvard coed sailing team advanced to the national championship regatta in impressive fashion, placing second in the Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association Eastern Semifinal over the weekend at the United States Sailing Center.
Needing just a top-half finish among 18 competing teams to advance to the ICSA/Gill Coed Dinghy National Championship, the Crimson trailed only Georgetown in the final standings. The national regatta takes place May 30-June 1 in Cascade Locks, Ore. Harvard, last year's national runner-up, is seeking its fifth coed dinghy national title.
The Crimson placed second in the A division and third in the B division for a total of 104 points, trailing the Hoyas by just five. Harvard finished 22 points ahead of third-place Navy and 121 ahead of 10th-place Florida, the top-finishing non-qualifier. The Crimson and Hoyas battled for the top spot throughout the second day of sailing. Harvard led most of the way, but both Georgetown boats finished in the top four of their final races to clinch the regatta win.
Also advancing from the Eastern Semifinal were College of Charleston, Stanford, Brown, Tufts, Connecticut College and Old Dominion. Moving on from the Western Semifinal were Boston College, Yale, Roger Williams, South Florida, St. Mary's, Miami, Hobart/William Smith, Eckerd and Rhode Island.
Alan Palmer and Quincy Bock totaled just 42 points in 12 races, five off the pace of Georgetown's A-division duo, for second place. The Harvard pair won four races, totaled six top-three finishes and did not finish outside the top third of the field until the final race Sunday.
Harvard missed the B-division title by just two points, placing third with 62, two points behind Charleston and one back of Navy. With John Stokes and Meghan Wareham sailing the first 10 races before Bock and Tedd Himler handled the final two, the Crimson was among the top five finishers in nine of 12 races. Harvard finished outside the top eight just once, and Himler and Bock won the penultimate race of the division.
Back home on the Charles River, Harvard competed in the George Morris Trophy. The Crimson finished 11th, led by a 10th-place showing in the A division by Colin Santangelo and Sarah Pierson. Ryan Byrne and Alice Kenney finished 11th in the B division.


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2-Ingredient Slow Cooker BBQ Chicken
Holy cannoli! For those of you who missed it, I posted a roundup of Slow Cooker Dinner Recipes yesterday on the blog, and it absolutely crazy on Pinterest last night. I guess you all love your slow cookers!
I'm definitely a slow cooker fangirl too. In fact, the weather has cooled down and it's now perfectly appropriate to cook dinner in the oven. But lately, I've still been letting my slow cooker do all of the work. It is just way too easy! And when it comes to 2-ingredients like this BBQ shredded chicken, it is even easier than easy. Yet the result is a big batch of shredded chicken that is still so flavorful, so moist, and so good. And it can be used in sandwiches, salads, soups, tacos, or whatever sounds good.
This Kansas City girl is definitely on board. Are you??
As you may have guessed, one of the two ingredients is non other than a delicious jar of BBQ sauce. I prefer to use my homemade bbq sauce recipe, which is also ridiculously easy to make. And it's made Kansas City style, nice and thick and smoky and sweet. But as opposed to most store-bought brands, it is made without high fructose corn syrup and tons of extra sugar. And it is mmm, mmm, good.
As you probably also guessed, the second ingredient is chicken! (Yes, it really is that easy.) I like to use boneless skinless chicken breasts, so that I don't have to worry about bones. But boneless dark meat would also be especially good in this recipe.
To make this, simply lay your chicken breasts in the bottom of a slow cooker and pour lots of bbq sauce on top.
And then give those chicken breasts a good toss so that they are coated in the sauce.
(If you really insist on a much sweeter sauce, you can add some additional brown sugar at this point. But I'd encourage you to go without, especially if you're using my homemade sauce, as it's already naturally sweetened with molasses.)
Then just let it cook on low for 6-8 hours or on high for 3-4 hours until the chicken is cooked.
Then shred it with two forks and toss it in the remaining juices so that it soaks them all up.
And then it's ready to go!!
Then it's up to you to decide how you want to enjoy the chicken. You can eat it plain, or add it to sandwiches, soups, tacos, wraps, pizzas…the sky's the limit!
I served mine on some simple pretzel buns with a little extra BBQ sauce. (Because, again, I live in KC and there's no such thing as too much sauce here.) And oh man, were these tasty.
Bravo to my slow cooker for pulling (ha, get it, pulled chicken?) through once again. Enjoy!
2-Ingredient Slow Cooker BBQ Chicken
This 2-Ingredient Slow Cooker BBQ Chicken could not be easier, but it's still wonderfully flavorful and moist.
- 6 boneless, skinless chicken breasts (about 3 lbs.)
- 1.5 cups (12 oz.) bbq sauce*, either homemade or store-bought
- Lay chicken breasts in the bottom of a slow cooker, and pour the bbq sauce on top. Toss once to combine so that the chicken is evenly coated in the sauce. Cover and cook on low for 6-8 hours, or on high for 3-4 hours, until the chicken is cooked through and shreds easily.
- Use two forks to shred the chicken in the slow cooker, and toss it once more so that it soaks up the remaining juices.
- Serve chicken on buns or however you would like, drizzled with some extra bbq sauce if desired.
*If making this recipe gluten-free, be sure to use gluten-free certified BBQ sauce.
**If you would like a sweeter BBQ chicken, you can also add in 1/3 cup packed brown sugar to the slow cooker.
If you make this recipe, be sure to snap a photo and hashtag it #gimmesomeoven. I'd love to see what you cook!
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58 comments on "2-Ingredient Slow Cooker BBQ Chicken"
Is it bad that I reallyyyy want to eat this sandwich at 6:45 a.m.??
ohh yummo.. Look at the sauce! definitely on my to make list
Only 2 ingredients to chicken perfection? I might marry this dish. Ssh. Don't tell my husband.
This is awesome Ali, slow cooking FTW! Pinned!
Girl, you are KILLIN' it with all these easy dinners lately! LOVE.
I love a slow cooker dish and only two ingredients…YES!
Oh yum!!! This looks sooo goood!!! Can hardly wait to make it!!!!
Now I definitely need to follow the link to your homemade BBQ sauce!
This is pretty much my husband's ideal meal of all time. I have got to make your BBQ sauce – we are huge molasses fans!
Perfection Ali! Love!!
We just got a slow cooker and have been pinning the heck out of recipes that we can make it in. Definitely adding this one!
I have a soft spot for pulled chicken. And with homemade BBQ sauce, I'm all over this.
My favorite BBQ sauce comes from Kansas City!
I love shredded bbq chicken! YUM :D
Love that you keep this simple! We did BBQ pulled chicken yesterday for football watching. I wish I had thought to put it on a pretzel bun. What a great unexpected flavor idea!
xo Rachel
Love anything on a pretzel bun! This definitely looks like something I need to put on my weeknight rotation!
Mmmmm, BBQ sauce with molasses AND a pretzel bun….heavenly!
Only you could make something in a slow cooker look this beautiful! I love how simple it is, not to mention all the delicious leftover it will make!
Yum – this (and your bbq sauce) look so good!
Love some Kansas City BBQ! I will definitely make this.
This looks so good! Also, I'm convinced that everything tastes better on a pretzel bun.
Hi Ali. These look delicious, I can't wait to try! Are the buns homemade or store-bought? They look mouth-watering as well ;)
These look so good! I have been planning on buying a slow cooker but was not sure if I really needed one!! Now I think I do!
This looks amazing!
lols wow this is considered a recipe? Store-bought BBQ and boneless skinless chicken breasts in a crockpot?
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This is awesome. I'm making it for the second day in a row – only this time I made a much larger batch. The first time I made it I cooked it on low – I checked it around 5 hrs and it was ready. This will definitely be made often in our household.
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Looks yummy! Do I have to thaw the chicken first?
Sauce is amazing. Cut back honey to 1/4 cup instead of 1/3 since i don't like my bbq sauce super sweet. Also kicked up the spice with crushed red pepper and cayanne. Absolutely perfect. Hubby loved it.
Checked the chicken after 2 hrs on high. Dry, dry, dry. And yes I put in plenty of sauce. It probaby would be uneatable if i left it cooking for 3 to 4 hrs per instructions. Maybe my crockpot just runs a little hotter, but if you plan on trying this, check internal temp really early just be on the safe side.
Am 83 years old and love my slow cooker, making this BBQ chicken right now, can't wait to eat it. So simple to make, I sure
hope I am successful. I'm using store bought BBQ sauce much simpler for me. Made with four chicken breasts so will have
lots to freeze to eat at a later time.
Thank you for this recipe.
Do you have one for liver and onions? Mu husband (now deceased) use to make it and I really loved it, he did not use a slow
cooker or leave any recipes, everything was in his head, he was a fantastic cook.
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How would this work with doubling the recipe?
Would this recipe work using teriyaki sauce in place of BBQ sauce?
Can this be made a day or 2 b4 and reheated in the oven?
I used boneless chicken thighs..super delicious!
Being a mom of three, I love simple!
Thanks so much!
How kind would I cook this if I only had 3 chicken breasts?
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Is it ok if the chicken is still frozen?
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I'm aware that I'm probably some kind of technological dinosaur but I love my click-wheel iPod. Now that Apple had stopped selling the click wheel games is there somewhere else I can get them?
Is there an equivalent to cydia / or jail-breaking my iPod classic to get home brew or the like games on it?


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Brendon S brauchte ein neues Logo Design und hat einen Wettbewerb auf 99designs gestartet.
Aus 36 Designs von 10 Designern wurde eine Gewinner gewählt.
As a charity event, a father and son will be riding their bicycles across Australia. The Perth To Paradise website will serve to promote this ride, and try to attract media exposure.
Desired Color Scheme:
Blue/Yellow or Blue/Orange
Desired Style:
To suit ocean and desert theme
Accepted File Formats:
Vector Formats (.eps, .pdf or .ai)
A guy and his 15 yo son will be riding their bicycles across Australia. This is a distance of roughly 4,500 kilometers, or 2,796 miles. They are planning to do this in 30 days.
The ride will be to raise money for nominated charities within Australia. They will start in Perth (on the western coastline) and finish up in Surfers Paradise (on the eastern coastline).
We'll be building a website, http://www.PerthToParadise.com.au to promote this ride.
Step one, is the logo. This logo will be used on the website, and eventually on stationary/media releases, and hopefully merchandise (jerseys, t-shirts, caps and stickers).
We're looking for something blue/orange or blue/yellow. The idea is a contrast between the oceans, and the desert (where most of the ride will take place). The ride will go from water, through deserts and cities and will end by the Pacific Ocean.
Ideally the logo will represent this to some degree. We're looking for something 'modern and fresh'. One idea might be to include Australian imagary (flag, or iconic country outline) and a bicyle.
For an idea of the ride, please see:
Note Perth on the lower west coast. Surfers Paradise is on the eastern coastline near Brisbane.
Finden Sie heraus, wie ein Designwettbewerb funktioniert, oder lernen Sie mehr über unsere Logo-Design-Angebote.


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NH road deaths rise compared to 2011, official cites longer motorcycle season as factor
NASHUA, N.H. (AP) � The head of New Hampshire's highway safety agency says a warm spell back in March contributed to an increase in traffic fatalities this year.
According to the Department of Motor Vehicles, there were 103 traffic deaths in New Hampshire between Jan. 1 and Dec. 16. That's a 22 percent increase from the 84 who died during that same period in 2011, and Peter Thomson says the weather was a big factor.
Thomson, coordinator of the New Hampshire Highway Safety Agency, told the Nashua Telegraph (http://bit.ly/TBJfaV) that warm weather in March made motorcycle riders get on the road earlier, leading to more fatalities. Altogether, there were 14 motorcycle fatalities.
In June, the state launched a campaign to look at ways to use education, enforcement and engineering to eliminate highway deaths.
Information from: The Telegraph, http://www.nashuatelegraph.com


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- MiscQuality Awards IV: Dell plus EqualLogic -- A winning combination
- MiscRemote-office backups made easy
- FeatureDedupe update: What's coming in 2009
- FeatureMore testing, more confidence for DR plans
- MiscThink data, not equipment (Storage Bin 2.0)
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Remote-office backups made easy
With plenty of economical disk-based backup products and cloud-based services available, remote offices can be brought back into the fold.
With plenty of economical disk-based backup products and cloud-based services available, remote offices can be brought back into the fold.
Rick Cook
If backups are a headache for storage managers, backing up data at remote offices is a migraine. The traditional method of handling remote backups is to have a tape system on site so that local staff can run regular backups. This has a number of obvious drawbacks, not the least of which is reliability because of the need for human intervention.
To address the issue of the manual nature of tape-based backups, more and more companies are replacing tape with other solutions in their remote offices. The trend is nascent, but catching on fast.
Remote offices are generally characterized by relatively small amounts of data that have to be backed up, as well as a lack of technically adept staff. In an office with just a couple of gigabytes to back up, tape can be relatively expensive. While tape still has the lowest cost per gigabyte, that's only true of the system as a whole above a certain threshold. Tape drives aren't cheap, and tape loaders and libraries are even more expensive. If the backup volume isn't big enough, the cost of the tape system, especially hardware, dominates the economics. If you use a system that costs several thousand dollars to back up a few gigabytes' worth of files, the economics are seriously skewed.
The problem with tape
But the biggest hitch in a remote tape backup scenario, and the one most likely to jeopardize effective data protection, is that most remote offices don't have technically knowledgeable people on staff who can maintain a tape system. Backups are often handled by an administrative assistant or clerical staffer with little or no training in the tape technology. Even a grandfather-father-son rotation is hard to handle consistently and more complex rotation schemes like the Tower of Hanoi are just about impossible. A multi-tape loader or library mitigates the problem, but those devices are more expensive than a single drive and don't completely eliminate the difficulty. Even a grandfather-father-son scenario requires rotating the oldest tape out of the loader or library for offsite storage on a regular schedule.
"We often had problems," says Edward Ruffolo, IT director at Miron Construction Co. Inc., a Neenah, Wisc.-based firm that's in the process of converting its tape backup to an ExaGrid Systems Inc. disk-to-disk storage device. "You'd think something was on this tape, go to restore it, and there was something wrong with the tape or the drive was dirty," says Ruffolo. "Tape management is a problem; we felt a lot of time and energy was being spent daily just managing tape.
"A receptionist or someone has to change tapes daily," adds Ruffolo. "They mean well, they're trying hard, but they're busy." There have also been cases where someone has left the same tape in the drive all week and, in one case, an employee locked the tapes in a safe and lost the key.
Miron Construction has four remote offices spread across the upper Midwest, some of which are four or five hours from its Neenah headquarters. That makes it hard for the IT staff in Neenah to handle problems.
It could be worse. Grey Healthcare Group Inc., a New York City-based healthcare advertising firm, was very nearly a worst case for tape in remote offices. The company was using a combination of LTO-1, LTO-2 and LTO-3 to back up its remote offices, and a DLT library to back up 8 TB to 13 TB of data at its central location. Not only was its tape capacity maxed out, but the tape systems were old and growing unreliable, requiring constant maintenance efforts by the company's small IT staff to keep them running. Even when the tape systems were running, they weren't running very well. The worst part, says Chris Watkis, Grey Healthcare's director of information technology, was that the backups were unreliable and couldn't be counted on to recover lost data.
Grey Healthcare replaced its tape system with two FalconStor Software Inc. Enterprise Storage Appliance virtual tape libraries (VTLs) and now backs up its other remote offices over the WAN to the libraries. Grey Healthcare Group has four remote sites; one of the FalconStor VTL appliances is in its headquarters and one is in a remote office.
|Still a place for tape
Despite some of the drawbacks of tape, it's still the most common method of backing up data at remote offices. The big reason, says Subodh Kulkarni, vice president of global commercial business at Imation Corp., a maker of tape as well as tape-, optical- and disk-based backup systems, is cost. "Tape continues to have the lowest cost per terabyte," he says. "A terabyte cartridge costs $50 to $70, much less than disk."
Although we tend to assume that remote-office staffs lack the skill or time to manage tape, that's not always true. "I may have someone who knows how to deal with tape," says David Hill, principal at the Mesabi Group, a consultancy that deals with backup issues.
And the assumption that remote offices have modest data storage needs doesn't always hold water. Remote sites such as engineering field offices or laboratories can produce very large data sets that have to be archived, something tape is often ideal for. Even if a site has modest storage needs, the data may need to be archived. "Dentists want to keep their X-rays for a long time, but they don't want to keep their business data for 20 years," says Hill. That tends to lead to a hybrid solution with tape as part of the mix.
Hill also suggests that backing up to a central repository may not be ideal. "I may not want to depend on a central site to restore," he says. "If something happens and I need to restore, I may not feel I can restore from the central site because of bandwidth reasons."
Some businesses may want to move their remote sites away from tape, but economic constraints come into play. "It also comes down to the timing of decisions," says Stephanie Balaouras, principal analyst at Forrester Research, a Cambridge, Mass.-based market research firm. "Corporate policy often says the useful life of IT equipment is five years. They have to use what they have for five years."
This is especially true in today's economy. Not everyone is satisfied with tape, but those who are don't see much point in changing. And tape can be extremely reliable. Drives can work flawlessly for years, so many companies see no reason to replace them. Kulkarni notes that Imation is still making cartridges for obsolete tape formats like Travan because there's still demand for them.
Kulkarni agrees that tape has some disadvantages. "On the negative side, tapes do need some knowledge, especially of the tape identification scheme," he says. "It's not quite an off-the-shelf product."
Running "dark"
Switching to another form of backup won't magically produce someone with the training to run remote-office backups. But most of the alternative technologies require much less operator intervention at the remote site, and in some cases none at all. Vendors and their customers are aiming for remote backup that runs "dark," without any human intervention at all. Some of the replacement technologies, especially remote backups over the WAN or into the cloud, are dark technologies as far as the remote office is concerned.
Many backup vendors provide the ability to manage their products remotely, often from a Web-based console. This allows IT staff to monitor and control backups without intervention at the remote office. "This is just a box hanging on your rack," says Ruffolo of Miron Construction's ExaGrid system. "You don't have to worry about it."
Restoring from backup is usually not quite as simple, but can still be managed from the central office in many cases.
Watkis says Grey Healthcare gained a number of advantages with its new backup system. "It has reduced the cost, the amount of system administration time, storage media requirements, the recovery timeline, our service warranty guidelines and improved security because the tapes are encrypted," he says. Deduplication wasn't part of the original specification, but it came with the FalconStor products and has proved to be a major advantage, adds Watkis.
The cost savings realized by switching to offsite VTLs can be substantial. "We were spending over $60,000 or $70,000 on tape media itself," says Watkis. "That's now down to $12,000 and maybe lower." But the company's savings went well beyond the cost of tape media. Staffing costs were cut, and they were even able to avoid some storage system purchases. "We were spending $5,000 to $7,000 a month for people to stay late; that's gone away," he says. "We're no longer purchasing any external storage for our SAN. Deduplication freed up more server space. We budgeted $60,000 for additional storage and that wasn't done."
Miron Construction is in the process of switching to disk-based backup. It installed an ExaGrid system in its data center a year ago and intends to switch the remote offices to disk backup this year.
"The first thing you need to be certain about is to make sure you have a reliable WAN connection," says Watkis. "You need a dedicated switch connection into the internal network for the VTL. Don't try to share a connection."
Watkis says that most central offices already have these kinds of connectivity if they have remote sites. However, having enough bandwidth is vitally important for doing remote backup.
"The VTL method is new and I took a risk in implementing it," says Watkis. "We were really putting business at risk and the solution had to work with an immediate return on investment."
Speed matters
Another important remote backup issue is speed. Specifically, any remote backup planning has to consider how long it takes to do the actual data backup and how long it will take to restore data.
"We found out the hard way that the amount of data being stored matters," says Victor Liu, president at Link High Technologies Inc., a Denville, N.J., reseller specializing in backup technologies. "On a pure Internet solution, more than 50 gigabytes is just not practical." Link High Technologies' Liu says one customer with a large amount of data stored over the Internet took more than four days to do a complete restore.
There are several ways to deal with this. One way is to keep several of the most recent backups on local disk and transmit them to the remote site. Another, which is available from some vendors such as Link High Technologies, is to have the data transferred to USB drives and overnight expressed to the customer needing the restore. With large quantities of data, the difference between reloading from a local disk and reloading over a network can be considerable, even if you take into account the time it takes to ship the disks.
Online backup alternatives
One of the more intriguing backup alternatives for remote sites and smaller offices is cloud-based, or online, backup.
"I wouldn't say it's becoming popular yet," says Eric Burgener, a senior analyst and consultant at Taneja Group, Hopkinton, Mass., "but I think it will over time." Burgener notes that unlike the storage service providers (SSPs) of a few years ago who tried to provide main storage for corporate data, Storage-as-a-Service (SaaS) companies using the Internet "cloud" are concentrating on backing up and archiving data where there are fewer performance constraints.
Many cloud providers, such as Carbonite Inc., are currently targeting individuals and very small businesses. But cloud backup is well suited for remote offices because it can handle dark backups -- automatic backups that don't require manual intervention. If a remote office has a relatively modest amount of data to back up, a cloud service may be a good fit; however, bandwidth may still be an issue. At the least, a broadband connection is required, and consideration should be given to bandwidth requirements for large restores.
Reliability could also be an issue. There have been some well-publicized outages at large cloud providers, but a connection that's performing poorly or not working at all is more likely to be a problem.
|10 tips for using cloud backup services
1. Check your bandwidth. You need to know how much data you expect to back up to the cloud service and if your current bandwidth is adequate not just to handle backups in a reasonable time, but for restores.
Costs vary widely among cloud backup providers, as do the methods of calculating them. Some offer "unlimited" amounts of storage for a monthly fee. Others, such as Amazon's Simple Storage Service (S3), charge a few cents per gigabyte per month to store data, with additional charges to upload or download data. Other vendors have sign-up fees or minimum monthly charges.
A major advantage of backing up to the cloud is that, in most cases, you can recover to any computer. This restore-anywhere feature may sound a bit risky, so most cloud services offer encryption as part of their packages.
Because most cloud backup services rely on the Internet to transfer data, there are practical size limits on how much data you can effectively back up. By its nature, cloud backups are slower than most LAN backups, although the speed depends almost entirely on the bandwidth of your connection. The other determining factor is the size of the backup window. With a fairly typical 6 Mbs connection speed and a weekend backup window, 1 TB or 2 TB of actual data transmitted may be pushing the limits. But most transmissions are far smaller, as differential or incremental backups only ship the changed data. The first backup, which is a full backup, takes far longer than subsequent backups.
And just because someone else is handling your backups doesn't mean you can forget about them. Analysts say it's important to trust your data to vendors who have the capability to protect it.
"Consider the class availability and disaster recovery capability," says Stephanie Balaouras, principal analyst at Forrester Research Inc., Cambridge, Mass. "Are they backing up to another site? If I were an enterprise-class company, I'd want to make sure my data was further protected."
Finally, consider the legal implications of where the data is being stored. "For European operations, you need to ask where the data center is located," says Balaouras. "Are you in violation of any national privacy laws by transmitting the data offsite?"
There are still plenty of things to like about tape, so it's unlikely it will disappear from remote offices completely. But it will undoubtedly become much less common as vendors develop replacement technologies at lower costs that enterprises can easily integrate into their existing backup infrastructure and operations.
BIO: Rick Cook specializes in writing about issues related to storage and storage management.


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Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis is a multiparty, parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The Constitution provides the smaller island of Nevis considerable self-government under a premier, as well as the right to secede from the Federation in accordance with certain enumerated procedures. The Government consists of a prime minister, a cabinet, and a bicameral legislative assembly. The Governor General, appointed by the British monarch, is the titular head of state, with largely ceremonial powers. In elections in March 2000, Prime Minister Denzil Douglas's St. Kitts and Nevis Labour Party won all 8 St. Kitts seats of the 11 seats in the legislature, and Douglas remained Prime Minister. In elections in Nevis on September 7, Premier Vance Amory's Concerned Citizens Movement (CCM) won four of the five seats in the Nevis Assembly. The judiciary is generally independent; however, intimidation of witnesses in high profile, drug-related cases has been a problem.
The security forces consist of a small police force, which includes a 50-person Special Services Unit that receives some light infantry training; a coast guard; and a small defense force. The forces are controlled by and responsive to the Government. There were occasional allegations of abuse by the police.
The country has a population of 42,500. The mixed economy is based on sugar cane, tourism, and light industry. Most commercial enterprises are privately owned, but a state corporation owns the sugar industry and 85 percent of arable land. In 1998 and 1999, hurricanes caused an estimated $450 million damage (affecting over 85 percent of the houses and buildings), greatly reduced sugar production, and caused significant losses in the tourism industry. Since then, two main hotels that had closed due to hurricane damage reopened; cruise ship berths in Bassetere have been repaired and tourist arrivals have increased. Real economic growth was expected to be approximately 4 percent for the year, compared with an estimated 7.5 percent in 2000. The Government waived the 8 percent hotel accommodation tax for 18 months, beginning in August. Sugar production increased by 30 percent, but export earnings remained constant due to exchange rate fluctuations; economic activity slowed significantly in the manufacturing and construction industries. The unemployment rate was estimated at 5 percent. Per capita gross domestic product was approximately $7,000 in 2000.
The Government generally respected citizens' human rights; however, there were problems in a few areas. Poor prison conditions, apparent intimidation of witnesses and jurors, government restrictions on opposition access to government-controlled media, and violence against women were the principal problems.
Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including
Freedom from:
a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life
There were no reports of arbitrary of unlawful deprivation of life committed by the Government or its agents.
b. Disappearance
There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances.
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment
The Constitution prohibits the use of torture or other forms of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and the authorities generally observe this prohibition in practice. However, there were occasional allegations of excessive use of force by the police, particularly during the annual Carnival celebration and at other special events.
The police force continues to conduct its own internal investigation when complaints are made against its members. There were 11 complaints filed during the year, 5 of which addressed police searches based on warrants (see Section 1.f.).
One complaint was dismissed when the complainant failed to appear; at year's end, there was no information available as to resolution of the other complaints.
Prison conditions are poor. Prisoners suffer from overcrowding and poor food. Resources remain limited, but shift adjustments and reorganization of guard posts reportedly resulted in a heightened sense of security at the prison during the year. The prison, built in 1840, was designed to accommodate 60 inmates but houses over 100 prisoners. A prison on Nevis houses 20 inmates. In St. Kitts pretrial detainees sometimes are held together with convicted prisoners; in Nevis they are held separately. Female inmates are segregated from male prisoners; however, there are no separate facilities for juveniles.
The Government permits prison visits by independent human rights monitors.
d. Arbitrary Arrest, Detention, or Exile
The Constitution prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, and the Government generally respects this provision in practice. The law requires that persons detained be charged within 48 hours or be released. If charged, the police must bring a detainee before a court within 72 hours. Family members, attorneys, and clergy are permitted to visit detainees regularly.
Neither the Constitution nor the law prohibit forced exile, but the Government does not use it in practice.
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial
The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary; however, intimidation of witnesses and potential intimidation of jurors in high profile, drug-related cases has been a problem. The Government has not taken any concrete steps to protect witnesses, judges, and jurors, although it continued to explore the possibility of a program to do so through the Caribbean Community.
The court system includes a high court and four magistrate's courts at the local level, with the right of appeal to the Eastern Caribbean Court of Appeal. Final appeal may be made to the Privy Council in the United Kingdom. Free legal assistance is available for indigent defendants in capital cases only.
The Constitution provides that every person accused of a crime must receive a fair, speedy, and public trial, and these requirements generally are observed. At year's end, there were 53 persons in "remand" (detention pending trial or further court action). The length of remand varies according to offense and charges; persons may be held for days, weeks, or months.
There were no reports of political prisoners.
f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence
The Constitution prohibits such practices, and the Government generally respects these prohibitions in practice. The law requires judicially issued warrants to search private homes. The police received five complaints during the year regarding police searches. According to the Police Chief, disciplinary action was taken in some cases, letters of apology were written, and one complainant was compensated for damages done during a search.
Section 2 Respect for Civil Liberties, Including:
a. Freedom of Speech and Press
The Constitution provides for freedom of speech and of the press, and the authorities generally respected these provisions in practice; however, there were allegations during the year that the ruling party limited opponents' access to the media.
There are no daily newspapers; each of the major political parties publishes a weekly or biweekly newspaper. A third weekly newspaper is nonpartisan. The publications are free to criticize the Government and do so regularly and vigorously. International news publications are readily available.
The Government owns the major radio and only television station on St. Kitts, and these media generally did not adequately publicize rallies and other events held by opposition parties. A Trinidadian company manages the station; however, the Government appoints three of its five board members. There is a privately owned FM station on St. Kitts, and a religious television station and a privately owned radio station on Nevis. An application to the Government by the Federation Media Group for a radio license has been pending for over a year.
The opposition People's Action Movement (PAM) party has alleged that the Labour Party has maintained absolute control of the national television and radio broadcasting facilities, blocking PAM's access and ability to debate government policies or air opposing concerns. The Government denied these allegations, stating that these media accepted opposition advertising and carried news stories about the opposition party. PAM's leaders alleged that the party's inability to use or purchase media air time reflected a weakening of democratic processes. PAM's leaders wrote to the Prime Minister calling for public debate during the year and alleged that the Prime Minister had ignored their letters.
The Government does not restrict access to the Internet.
The Government does not restrict academic freedom.
b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association
The Constitution provides for the right of peaceful assembly and for the right of association, and the Government generally respects these rights in practice.
Political parties organized demonstrations, rallies, and public meetings during the 2000 election campaign without government interference. During the year, there were at least two peaceful public candlelight vigils; one protested a killing by three young men, and another protested violence against women following the shooting deaths of an 18-year-old mother and her baby.
c. Freedom of Religion
The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice.
d. Freedom of Movement Within the Country, Foreign Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation
The Constitution provides for these rights, and the Government generally respects them in practice.
No formal government policy toward refugee or asylum requests exists. The issue of provision of first asylum did not arise during the year. There were no reports of forced return of persons to a country where they feared persecution.
Section 3 Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government
The Constitution provides citizens with the right to change their government by peaceful means, and citizens exercise this right in practice through periodic elections held on the basis of universal suffrage. A vigorous multiparty political system exists, in which political parties are free to conduct their activities; however, an opposition party has alleged that the ruling party restricted access to the media (see Section 2.a.). All citizens 18 years of age and older may register and vote by secret ballot. Despite some irregularities, orderly general elections were held in 2000, and Nevis elections were conducted peacefully in September.
The Legislative Assembly has 11 elected seats: 8 for St. Kitts and 3 for Nevis. The Labour Party holds all eight St. Kitts seats in the legislature; opposition parties hold the other three seats. The PAM lost its one seat in the 2000 election. The island of Nevis has considerable self-government, with its own premier and legislature. In Nevis elections held on September 7, Premier Amory's CCM won four of the five seats in the Nevis Assembly.
In accordance with its rights under the Constitution, in 1996 the Nevis Assembly initiated steps towards secession from the Federation, the most recent being a referendum in 1998 that failed to secure the required two-thirds majority for secession. However, the matter of secession remained open, and in 2000 the opposition leader publicly stated his desire to have "two separate governments." Following the Nevis elections in September, secession is likely to remain an issue for the foreseeable future.
Although the Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of political opinion or affiliation, the former opposition party PAM alleges widespread employment discrimination by the St. Kitts and Nevis Labour Party against public sector employment of persons perceived to be PAM supporters. PAM alleged that the ruling party dismissed or demoted many PAM supporters from their jobs in order to replace them with its own supporters. The Government denied these allegations, stating that, unlike the previous administration, the Government made it a policy not to discharge supporters of the opposition party. The Government acknowledged that it had withheld pension benefits from opposition members of Parliament voted out of office but asserted that it had paid pension benefits to those entitled to them. PAM leadership reported that one person had not been paid; the Government asserted that it needed information about her remuneration from her law firm before it could calculate her pension benefits. The matter was before the court at year's end.
There are no impediments in law or in practice to the participation of women in leadership roles in government and politics; however, the percentage of women in government and politics does not correspond to their percentage of the population. There are 2 women in the National Assembly, 1 woman in the Cabinet, all 3 magistrates are women, the court registrar is female, and 5 of 18 permanent secretaries are female.
Section 4 Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights
While there are no governmental restrictions, no local human rights groups formed during the year. There were no requests for investigations or visits by international human rights groups during the year.
Section 5 Discrimination Based on Race, Sex, Religion, Disability, Language, or Social Status
The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of race, place of origin, birth out of wedlock, political opinion or affiliation, color, sex, or creed, and the Government generally respects these provisions in practice.
According to a government official, violence against women is a problem. There is no legislation addressing domestic violence, but cases may be prosecuted under assault or battery provisions of the Offenses Against the Person Act. In 2000 a Domestic Violence Act was drafted; it would criminalize domestic violence and provide penalties for abusers. The draft bill was debated during the year and used as a training tool, but had not been passed into law by year's end. Although many women are reluctant to file complaints or pursue them in the courts, there were publicly reported cases of both domestic violence and rape, and a few convictions. During the year, local newspapers highlighted several cases of excessive violence against women, and one case of murder of an 18-year-old mother and her baby was covered heavily (see Section 2.b.). The Department of Gender Affairs, under the Ministry of Social Development, Community, and Gender Affairs, is active in the areas of domestic violence, spousal abuse, and abandonment. It conducted 18 2-day training sessions from February to April for police and school guidance counselors on problems of domestic violence, sexual crimes, and child abuse. A total of 540 persons received such training, including 450 police officers.
The role of women in society is not restricted by law but is circumscribed by culture and tradition. There is no overt societal discrimination against women in employment, although sectoral analyses suggest that women do not yet occupy as many senior positions as men do. The Department of Gender Affairs also conducts programs addressing poverty and health, and promoting institutional mechanisms to advance the status of women and leadership positions for women. It operated three programs for rural women, providing them market skills and training as entrepreneurs. The Department provides clients assistance with problems such as lack of housing, unemployment, child care, technical training, and personal development. During the year, the Department began to focus its programs on fathers, with community-based programs held twice a year during a 13-week period. Five communities participated, involving a total of 100 men.
Prostitution is illegal and is not considered to be a problem.
There are no laws covering sexual harassment, which the Department of Gender Affairs considers to be a growing problem.
The Government is committed to children's rights and welfare and has incorporated most of the provisions of the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child into domestic legislation. The law mandates compulsory education up to the age of 16; it is free and universal. Over 98 percent of children complete school.
Persons with Disabilities
Although there is no legislation to protect persons with disabilities or to mandate accessibility for them, the Constitution and the Government prohibit discrimination in employment, education, and other state services.
Section 6 Worker Rights
a. The Right of Association
The Constitution provides for the right of all workers to form and belong to trade unions. The law permits the police, civil service, and other organizations to organize associations that serve as unions. The major labor union, the St. Kitts Trades and Labour Union, is associated closely with the St. Kitts and Nevis Labour Party and is active in all sectors of the economy. In 2000 a teachers' union, a union representing dockworkers in the capital city, and two taxi drivers' associations were formed. However, during the year, the dockworkers union ceased to function due to lack of membership support and the lack of an active collective bargaining agreement.
The right to strike, while not specified by law, is well established and respected in practice. Restrictions on striking by workers who provide essential services, such as the police and civil servants, are enforced by established practice and custom, but not by law. There were no major strikes during the year.
Unions are free to form federations or confederations and to affiliate with international organizations. The islands' unions maintain a variety of international ties.
b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively
Labor unions are free to organize and to negotiate for better wages and benefits for union members. The law prohibits antiunion discrimination but does not require employers found guilty of such action to rehire employees who were fired for union activities. However, the employer must pay lost wages and severance pay. There is no legislation governing the organization and representation of workers, and employers are not bound legally to recognize a union, but in practice employers do so if a majority of workers polled wish to organize. Collective bargaining takes place on a workplace-by-workplace basis, not industrywide. The Labor Commissioner and Labor Officers mediate disputes between labor and management on an ad hoc basis. However, in practice few disputes actually go to the Commissioner for resolution. If neither the Commissioner nor the Ministry of Labor is able to resolve the dispute, the law allows for a case to be brought before a civil court.
There are no export processing zones.
c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor
The Constitution prohibits slavery and forced labor, and they do not occur in practice. While neither the Constitution nor the law specifically address bonded labor, it has not been a problem in practice.
d. Status of Child Labor Practices and Minimum Age for Employment
Child labor is addressed in the Employment of Women, Young Persons, and Children Act, as well as the 1966 Employment of Children Ordinance. The Ordinance outlaws slavery, servitude, and forced labor, and prescribes the minimum legal working age as 12 years. Compulsory education mandated until the age of 16 effectively rules out steady employment before that age. The Labor Ministry relies heavily on school truancy officers and the community affairs division to monitor compliance, which they do generally effectively.
Agriculture, domestic service, and illicit activities are areas in which juveniles can find work. In rural families engaged in livestock farming and vegetable production, children often are required to assist as part of family efforts at subsistence. Girls often engage in domestic service. Such labor includes family-oriented work where children are made to look after younger siblings or ailing parents and grandparents at the expense of their schooling. Children often are engaged in other households as domestic servants or babysitters. There were no reported cases of child labor during the year, and no cases of child labor have ever been brought to the attention of the Department of Labor, which is empowered to investigate and address complaints of child labor.
On December 10, 2000, the Government ratified the International Labor Organization's Convention 182 on elimination of the worst forms of child labor. Child labor laws are to be reviewed under a program of labor legislation review and update that began in 1999 with the 1986 Protection of Employment Act.
Although the law does not specifically address bonded labor by children, it has not been a problem in practice (see Section 6.c.).
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
Minimum wage rates for various categories of workers, such as domestic servants, retail employees, casino workers, and skilled workers, were last updated in 1994, and manufacturing sector wages were revised in 1996. The average wage varies from $67.42 (EC$180) per week for full-time domestic workers to $166.10 (EC$443.50) per week for skilled workers. These provide a barely adequate living for a wage earner and family; many workers supplement wages by keeping small animals such as goats and chickens. The Labor Commission undertakes regular wage inspections and special investigations when it receives complaints; it requires employers found in violation to pay back wages. Workers who are laid off for more than 12 weeks receive a lump sum payment from the Government based on previous earnings and length of service.
The law provides for a 40- to 44-hour workweek, but the common practice is 40 hours in 5 days. Although not required by law, workers receive at least one 24-hour rest period per week. The law provides that workers receive a minimum annual vacation of 14 working days. While there are no specific health and safety regulations, the Factories Law provides general health and safety guidance to Labor Ministry inspectors. The Labor Commission settles disputes over safety conditions. Workers have the right to report unsafe work environments without jeopardy to continued employment; inspectors then investigate such claims, and workers may leave such locations without jeopardy to their continued employment.
f. Trafficking in Persons
There are no laws that specifically address trafficking in persons.
An "economic citizenship" program allows foreign investors to purchase passports through loosely monitored procedures involving cash inflows ranging from $200,000 (EC$534,000) to $250,000 (EC$670,000), plus a registration fee of $35,000 (EC$93,500) for the head of household (amounts vary for other family members). This program reportedly has facilitated the illegal immigration of persons from China and other countries to North America where, in some instances, criminal organizations that provided the funds to such persons forced them to work under conditions similar to bonded labor until their debt was repaid.