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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused by a collapse of the upper airway. Respiratory muscle training with a wind instrument (didgeridoo) in patients with moderate OSA has been previously shown to improve OSA symptomology. However, a survey of orchestra members did not indicate a difference in OSA risk between wind and non-wind instrumentalist. The present study examines whether playing of different wind instrument types may affect the risk of OSA.
A national sample of active musicians (n = 906) was surveyed through the internet. Participants' risk for OSA was determined by the Berlin Questionnaire. Additional survey items included questions about general health and musical experience.
A binary logistic regression was conducted to determine if OSA risk was predicted by gender, age, number of years playing instrument, number of hours per week playing instrument, and instrument type. Musicians who played a double reed instrument had a lower risk of OSA (p = 0.047) than non-wind instrumentalists. Additionally, in double reed instrumentalists, the number of hours spent playing the instrument predicted lower OSA risk (p = 0.020). The risk for OSA in other wind instruments (i.e., single reed, high brass, and low brass) was not significantly different from non-wind musicians.
Playing a double reed musical instrument was associated with a lower risk of OSA.
Ward CP; York KM; McCoy JG. Risk of obstructive sleep apnea lower in double reed wind musicians. J Clin Sleep Med 2012;8(3):251-255.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by the collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The most common treatment for OSA is the use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP). While CPAP is an effective treatment for OSA,1 it is poorly tolerated by some.2,3
During sleep, muscle tone of the upper airway is reduced, leading to snoring or blockage. In 2002, Mann and colleagues4 demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the genioglossus muscle causes an increase in diameter of the hypopharyngeal airway. In a similar study, Randernath and associates5 also showed that stimulation training of the tongue can be effective in reducing snoring, but they failed to find an effect for OSA. Although it would be impractical to propose a similar electrical shock-based treatment for OSA at this time, these studies do suggest that increasing muscle tone of the upper airway could be beneficial for patients with OSA.
In a related literature, oropharyngeal exercises derived from speech therapy have been shown to reduce OSA severity.3 It has also been shown that 4 months of practice on the didgeridoo (a wind instrument from indigenous Australians) reduced OSA symptoms.6 Studies suggest that upper airway muscle training may strengthen the muscles of the upper airway through changes in plasticity of neural respiratory control.7
If respiratory training is indeed important for reducing OSA risk, there may be naturally occurring groups of individuals in the population who are already receiving this type of practice. For example, professional wind instrument musicians spend years engaging in training of the respiratory muscles and upper airway, which may suggest that a lower incidence of OSA might be found among wind players.
Although a recent study surveyed a large sample of orchestra members failed to find differences in OSA risk between wind musicians and non-wind musicians,8 there are differences in the physical demands of various instrument types represented in western music. The study design may not have been adequate to fully capture differences if they exist. The present experiment surveys musicians for risk of OSA and compares categories of instruments, such as double reed and single reed woodwinds along with high and low brass.
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Training with the musical instrument didgeridoo demonstrated relief of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms. However, a general survey of wind instrumentalists did not show differences in OSA risk.
Study Impact: When taking the type of wind instrument into consideration, double reed instrumentalist had a lower risk of OSA. Therefore, respiratory muscle training, accomplished by playing some wind instruments, may serve to protect against the development of OSA.
Participants were recruited via email solicitation from a national sample of collegiate music instructors in the United States and local professional music organizations in the southern region of the United States. Collegiate instrumental music instructors and other professional musicians were identified as a convenient sample of individuals who were believed to be likely to spend large amounts of time playing an instrument. Selection of collegiate instrumental music instructors and local professional musicians also facilitated rapid identification of a large pool of potential participants via internet and other publicly available sources. Email addresses were obtained by public internet searches of U.S. college and university music programs. Local orchestras in the southern region of the U.S. were solicited through their music directors.
Respondents were asked to complete either an online survey battery (n = 913), consisting of self-report questionnaires, or paper and pencil versions (n = 73) of the same survey battery. The response rate for email solicitation was approximately 10%. The response rate for direct solicitation was approximately 90%. Anonymity was maintained for the questionnaire responses by collecting no uniquely identifying information about respondents. Ethics approval was obtained from the university's Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects prior to data collection.
Participants were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires, which were designed to assess baseline demographic characteristics of the sample and risk for obstructive sleep apnea. The following measures were utilized in the current study:
The Personal Health History Questionnaire is an 11-item self-report questionnaire, developed for use in this study and designed to assess baseline demographic, health status, sleep habits, sleep disorder history, and health behavior characteristics of the sample. Participants were asked a general question on self-assessed health.9 They were also asked to rate their level of activity by checking 1 of 4 descriptions of increasing activity levels.10 Participants were also presented with a list of psychiatric, neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and sleep disorders. They were asked to mark any diagnoses they had ever received. A list of common symptoms of OSA (e.g., dry mouth in morning, gasping for breath during sleep, tossing and turning throughout the night, excessive sweating during sleep) were presented, and participants were asked to indicate whether they had experienced these symptoms. Participants were asked how many hours they typically slept on weekdays and weekends. Participants were also asked to rate the frequency of other common health related behaviors on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being "Never or Almost Never" and 5 being "Always or Almost Always." These behaviors included: smoking, caffeine use, use of alcohol as a sleep aid, use of pharmacological sleep aids, taking medications to stay awake, getting adequate sleep, exercise, and feeling anxious or stressed.
The Music History Questionnaire is a 6-item questionnaire, developed for use in the current study and designed to obtain information about primary instrument types, musical history, and current practice routines. Participants were asked to list the instrument that they currently played along with how many years they have played the instrument and how many hours per week they typically played the instrument. Participants were divided into 5 instrumental groups: (1) double reed woodwinds (e.g., oboe, bassoon, English horn); (2) single reed and flute woodwinds (e.g., flute, clarinet, saxophone); (3) high brass (e.g., trumpet, horn); (4) low brass (e.g., trombone, euphonium, tuba); and (5) non-wind (e.g., string, percussion, keyboard). One author with an extensive music background was able to classify less common or non-western instruments.
The Berlin Questionnaire is a 10-item self-report questionnaire which was used to determine the risk of OSA. The Berlin Questionnaire has previously been validated11 and assesses 3 aspects of risk for OSA, including snoring, daytime sleepiness, and either having hypertension or having a high body mass index (BMI). High scores on ≥ 2 of 3 categories suggests "high" risk for OSA. High scores on < 2 of 3 categories are believed to reflect "lower" risk for OSA.
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is an 8-item self-report questionnaire, which was used to assess daytime sleepiness.12
A total of n = 986 participants completed the survey. Data were analyzed for participants who currently played a musical instrument; n = 80 participants were excluded, leaving n = 906 in the final data set. Descriptive statistics were computed for demographic characteristics of the sample and reported in Table 1. Means and standard deviations were obtained for all continuous variables, while percentages were obtained for categorical variables. Chi-squared procedures were used to analyze demographic difference on categorical variables, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey post hoc was used to test for potential group differences in continuous variables. To assess the impact of instrument type on risk for obstructive sleep apnea, data were submitted to a series of binary logistic regression analyses. Results are reported in Tables 2 and 3. Statistical significance was determined using α = 0.05.
Demographics by instrument type
(more ...)
Binary logistic regression predicting high risk of OSA according to the Berlin Questionnaire
Binary logistic regression predicting high risk of OSA according to the Berlin Questionnaire in double reed instrumentalists
Demographic information is depicted in Table 1. As would be expected, participants considered at high risk for OSA according to the Berlin Questionnaire reported increased frequency of OSA symptomatology, including dry mouth in the morning (p < 0.001), gasping for breath during sleep (p < 0.001), tossing and turning during the night (p < 0.001), recent weight gain (p < 0.001), frequent nighttime urination (p = 0.005), and excessive sweating during sleep (p = 0.001). Participants considered at high risk of OSA had significantly higher scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (M = 8.3, SD = 4.0) than those considered at low risk (M = 7.3, SD = 3.6, t(904) = 3.45, p < 0.001).
Participants at high risk for OSA were also more likely to report a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder (p = 0.002), depression (p < 0.001), diabetes (p = 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), insomnia (p = 0.008), nasal allergies (p = 0.009), and obesity (p < 0.001).
Of those at high risk, 9.4% were diagnosed with OSA; 1.8% of those at low risk reported an OSA diagnosis (p < 0.001). Participants who self-reported a previous diagnosis of OSA were significantly more sleepy as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (M = 10.7, SD = 4.3) than those without OSA (M = 7.5, SD = 3.6, t(904) = 5.18, p < 0.001). Additionally, participants who reported a diagnosis of OSA were more likely to report dry mouth in the morning (p = 0.027), gasping for breath during sleep (p < 0.001), and tossing and turning during the night (p = 0.002).
There was a significant difference in the frequency of participants identified as having high OSA risk among the 5 instrument types (χ2 (4) = 10.625, p = 0.031; see Table 1). Double reed instrumentalist had a lower than expected frequency of high OSA risk (adjusted residual = −2.5).
There were no significant differences among instrument types in self-report of psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, ADHD, bipolar, depression), neurological disorders (e.g., seizure, stroke), cardiovascular disorders (e.g., heart disease, hypertension), respiratory disorders (e.g., asthma, nasal allergies), sleep disorders (e.g., insomnia, narcolepsy), or other health problems (e.g., chronic pain, diabetes, obesity). Additionally, no significant differences were reported among instrument types in activity level, smoking, amount of caffeine, alcohol before bedtime, use of sleep or wake medications, feeling of stress or anxiety, amount of exercise, or general state of health.
A binary logistic regression was conducted to explore the role of additional variables in the prediction of a high risk of OSA (see Table 2). Gender, age, number of years playing instrument, number of hours per week playing instrument, and instrument type were regressed onto OSA risk as determined by the Berlin Questionnaire.
BMI was not included in the regression model due to multicollinearity. Because a third of the Berlin Questionnaire is based on an individual's BMI, there is a high correlation between the 2 scores (rpb = 0.535, p < 0.001). When BMI was included in the regression model, BMI was the only significant predictor of OSA risk (p < 0.001).
With BMI removed from the model, playing a double reed instrument predicted a lower risk of OSA as compared to non-wind instrumentalist (p = 0.047).
Double reed instrumentalist were the only group of musicians who was primarily female (see Table 1). Overall, there was a significant relationship between gender and high risk of OSA (19.4% of males compared to 8.6% of females, r = 0.11, p = 0.001). However, this relationship was no longer significant after controlling for BMI (r = 0.02, p = 0.618). Additionally, when submitted to the covariate adjusted regression model, gender was not a significant predictor of OSA risk (Table 2).
A second binary logistic regression was conduced on only double reed instrumentalists to determine which variables were related to a low risk of OSA (Table 3). The number of hours per week the instrumentalist played was the only significant predictor of OSA risk (p = 0.020). Double reed instrumentalists at low risk for OSA played on average 16.5 ± 1.2 h (mean ± SEM) per week, while those at high risk played on average 9.1 ± 2.7 h per week.
In this self-report survey of musicians, double-reed woodwind musicians (e.g., oboe, bassoon, English horn) were found to have a significantly lower risk of OSA than non-wind instrumentalists (e.g., string, percussion, keyboard). There were no other significant differences in self-reported risk of OSA among musicians trained in other instrument types (i.e., single reed woodwind, high brass, low brass). The results of the present study are consistent with the theory6 that upper airway stimulation associated with the playing of specific musical instruments may provide an effective alternative method of treatment for persons diagnosed with OSA, particularly those with mild to moderate forms of OSA, for which CPAP may be ineffective or inappropriate.
Sleep in patients with OSA is accompanied by decreases in neuromuscular activity of muscles, which dilate and stiffen the pharyngeal airway during inspiration.13,14 Interestingly, an increase in muscle activity, presumably compensatory in nature, occurs in these patients during wakefulness. Changes in morphology and proportion of fiber type consistent with muscle injury have been observed in the upper airway dilator muscles, both in animal models of OSA15 and in OSA patients.16 Randerath et al.5 found that training of the tongue muscles by electrostimulation was effective in reducing snoring in OSA patients. A significant reduction in symptoms and overall severity was demonstrated in patients with moderate OSA following an extensive oropharyngeal exercise program, derived from speech therapy.3 Thus, both electrical and physical stimulation (via exercise) may have beneficial consequences and contribute to proper maintenance of upper airway patency.
A novel approach to the facilitation of upper airway function involves training on musical instruments which require respiratory expiration. Lessons and daily practice of the didgeridoo, a wind instrument of indigenous Australian descent, reduced both daytime sleepiness, and indices of disease severity (e.g., apnea-hypopnea index) in patients with OSA.6 As these authors suggest, treatments are not effective unless they are practiced consistently. Compliance with a regimen that involves playing a musical instrument may be more successful (at least among musical enthusiasts) than compliance with a daily regimen of oropharyngeal exercises.6 However, it should be noted that in the present study, double reed musicians at low risk for obstructive sleep apnea played their instruments for an average of 16.5 hours per week, which may be too large a commitment for some people with OSA. Additionally, double reed instruments are notoriously difficult to learn to play properly.
It is then reasonable to suggest that a lower incidence of OSA might be anticipated in professional wind instrumentalists, compared to non-wind instrumentalists or to non-musicians. Brown et al.8 examined the risk of OSA in a large sample of orchestral musicians. No significant differences in the risk of OSA were found between wind and non-wind instrumentalists. Even woodwind and brass musicians were not found to be different from non-wind musicians. However, this study did not take into account the different types of woodwind instruments. In fact, double reed woodwind instrumentalists in the present study did present a significantly lower risk of OSA compared to non-wind instrumentalists.
What factor(s) could account for this selective difference? Resistive respiratory muscle strength training has been used to relieve symptoms of sleep disordered breathing in patients with paralysis.17 Both double reed wind instruments (e.g., oboe, bassoon, English horn) and high brass (e.g., trumpet, horn) are played by blowing through a small aperture. Thus, both double reed wind and high brass instruments are associated with a relatively high air resistance,18 yet only double reed wind instruments were associated with lower risk of OSA. Air pressures associated with playing the oboe (30-42 mm Hg) or the bassoon (15-39 mm Hg) are somewhat high relative to other instruments, but certainly not out of the range of trumpets (13-42 mm Hg) or saxophones (20-46 mm Hg).19 These data argue against air pressure or resistance as a mechanism of interest. Puhan et al.6 suggested that circular breathing may be a mechanism by which didgeridoo practice reduces OSA symptomology. However, in a large scale survey of musicians, circular breathing was not found to be related to either the risk of OSA or OSA diagnosis.8
Rather, we suggest that a critical factor may involve the different muscles (or different pattern of muscle activation) that are likely to be activated by the playing of different types of instruments. For double reed woodwind instruments, the lips are placed on a relatively small mouthpiece, and the musician makes a "buzzing" sound. For clarinet or saxophone, one forms something of an overbite over a much larger mouthpiece. For all brass instruments, the lips are brought together as if forming the sound of the letter "m." Thus, it is quite likely that separate categories of instruments activate different programmed sequences of movements (and the associated muscles). Each distinct pattern of activation may support the patency of the upper airway to a greater or lesser extent. Few empirical studies currently address the muscle physiology particular to categories of musical instruments, and this suggests one direction for future research.
This was not an industry supported study. The author has indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
The authors thank the following students for aiding in design of the questionnaire and data collection: Kaylee Vance, Andrew Calzadilla, Frank Walch, Jennifer Song, and Masha Sharf. Work for this study was performed at University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX.
Sullivan CE, Issa FG, Berthon Jones M, Eves L, authors. Reversal of obstructive sleep apnea by continuous positive airway pressure applied through the nares. Lancet. 1981;1:862–5. [PubMed]
Engleman H, Martin S, Deary I, Douglas NJ, authors. Effect of CPAP therapy on daytime function in patients with mild sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome. Thorax. 1997;52:114–9. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Guimarães KC, Drager LF, Genta PR, Marcondes BF, Lorenzi-Filho G, authors. Effects of oropharyngeal exercises on patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;179:962–6. [PubMed]
Mann EA, Burnett T, Cornell S, Ludlow CL, authors. The effect of neuromuscular stimulation of the genioglossus on the hypopharyngeal airway. Laryngoscope. 2002;112:351–6. [PubMed]
Randerath WJ, Galetke W, Domanski U, Weitkunat R, Ruhle KH, authors. Tongue-muscle training by intraoral electrical neurostimulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 2004;27:254–9. [PubMed]
Puhan MA, Suarez A, Lo Cascio C, Zahn A, Heitz M, Braendli O, authors. Didgeridoo playing as alternative treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2006;332:266–70. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Sapienza CM, author. Respiratory muscle strength training applications. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;16:216–20. [PubMed]
Brown DL, Zahuranec DB, Majersik JJ, et al., authors. Risk of sleep apnea in orchestra members. Sleep Med. 2009;10:657–60. [PubMed]
Søgaard AJ, Selmer R, Bjertness E, Thelle D, authors. The Oslo Health Study: The impact of self-selection in a large, population-based survey. Int J Equity Health. 2004;3:3[PubMed Central][PubMed]
Graff-Iversen S, Anderssen SA, Holme IM, Jenum AK, Raastad T, authors. Two short questionnaires on leisure-time physical activity compared with serum lipids, anthropometric measurements and aerobic power in a suburban population from Oslo, Norway. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23:167–74. [PubMed]
Netzer NC, Stoohs RA, Netzer CM, Clark K, Strohl KP, authors. Using the Berlin Questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:485–91. [PubMed]
Johns MW, author. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14:540–5. [PubMed]
Malhotra A, White DP, authors. Obstructive sleep apnoea. Lancet. 2002;360:237–45. [PubMed]
Schwartz AR, Patil SP, Laffan AM, Polotsky V, Schneider H, Smith PL, authors. Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5:185–92. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Petrof BF, Pack AI, Kelly AM, Eby J, Hendricks JC, authors. Pharyngeal myopathy of loaded upper airway in dogs with sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol. 1994;76:1746–52. [PubMed]
Series F, Cote C, Simoneau JA, et al., authors. Physiologic, metabolic, and muscle fiber type characteristics of musculus uvulae in sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in snorers. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:20–5. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Wang TG, Wang YH, Tang FT, Lin KH, Lien IN, authors. Resistive inspiratory muscle training in sleep-disordered breathing of traumatic tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:491–6. [PubMed]
Schuman JS, Massicotte EC, Connolly S, Hertzmark E, Mukherji B, Kunen MZ, authors. Increased intraocular pressure and visual field defects in high resistance wind instrument players. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:127–33. [PubMed]
Kreuter M, Kreuter C, Herth F, authors. [Pneumological aspects of wind instrument performance - physiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations]. Pneumologie. 2008;62:83–7. [PubMed]


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LANCASTER — The pastor at Immaculate Conception Parish has been placed on administrative leave by the Worcester Diocese following allegations of sexual misconduct with a minor.
Bishop Robert J. McManus informed the parish that a "credible allegation" from a victim placed the Rev. Edward P. Lettic in the misconduct incident from 40 years ago.
"It is the first and only report of an allegation of misconduct which we have received involving Father Lettic," McManus told parishioners. "Because of the serious nature of the allegation, and consistent with the Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People, I must relieve Father Lettic of his duties as pastor of the parish and to remove his faculties as a priest."
Ray Delisle, director of communications for the Dioceses, said that an initial investigation into the allegations was enough to put Lettic on leave.
The case will now go through a canonical process that could lead to his removal from the clergy, Delisle said.
Lettic was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Worcester in 1973.
Prior to being named pastor of Immaculate Conception in 1993, Lettic served as a chaplain at Westboro State Hospital and as an associate pastor at St. Joan of Arc in Worcester, St. Denis in East Douglas and St. Joseph in Auburn.
A temporary administrator will be named this week to oversee the parish until a new pastor is named, according to McManus.
"A canonical process has begun including a report of the allegation to the Congregation for Doctrine of the Faith in Rome," McManus said.
"The result of that canonical process, if found guilty of the allegation, could include removal from the clerical state or a sanction such as a life of prayer and penance."
Calls to Immaculate Conception's rectory seeking comment were not returned Sunday afternoon and knocks on the rectory's door were unanswered.

subset: commoncrawl


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Donald Trump Double Stufs Mannings, Williams In DSRL Campaign
August 27, 2009: There's a new player in the Oreo Double Stuf Racing League: Donald Trump. The real estate developer-turned reality show host wants to "buy" the DSRL, which features NFL quarterbacks Peyton and Eli Manning and tennis stars Venus and Serena Williams as its strategic spokespersons. New advertising features a faux offer by Trump - which harkens back to his recent "attempt" to purchase the WWE's Monday Night Raw - and then adamant rejections to the offer by the Mannings and Williams. The campaign supports the launch of Golden Oreo Double Stuf cookies.
The initial campaign is online at the DSRL Web site, where Trump declares, "I can make the DSRL bigger, better more golden than ever. It's a golden opportunity. I'm buying the Oreo DSRL. I'm taking the DSRL to the next level.' To which the Mannings reply, "The DSRL is not for sale." And the Williams add, "The DSRL is a league of the people."
The theme carries over to a TV spot, breaking Aug. 31. In the TV spot, the Mannings are in Trump's office when he tells them that Oreo has rejected his offer to buy the DSRL. He then challenges the Mannings to a "lick race" for ownership rights. "Mr. Trump," says Peyton, "my brother and I are Double Stuf defending champions and you don't even have a partner." "Yes I do," replies Trump, and out comes comedian and actor Darrell Hammond, who impersonates Trump on NBC's Saturday Night Live. "It's double Trump," claims a shocked Peyton. Subsequent spots will also star Trump and Hammond.
Print and Internet, including a dedicated section at FaceBook, will support. Lead agency is Draftfcb, Chicago.
"We are thrilled for Mr. Trump to put his own creative 'twist' on the league," John Ghingo, senior brand director for Nabisco's Oreo, a division of Kraft Foods, said in a statement. "He is a natural choice for this phase because of his fierce competitive nature and 'golden' touch when it comes to business. It makes sense that the launch of the new Golden Double Stuf Oreo cookies would attract Mr. Trump to the league, helping to expand the DSRL beyond sports into the entertainment and business worlds."


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Welcome to Yorkshire and CTC to deliver Tour de France legacy
Welcome to Yorkshire and CTC to deliver Tour de France legacy
The workshops will allow members of the public and small businesses to become more confident in maintaining and adjusting their bikes, and will inspire course attendees to cycle more, meeting the long-term aims of both organisations.
The Beginners' Workshop covers ride-based repairs and the pre-ride checks every rider should know, using essential trail tools.
The Advanced Workshop is specifically for individuals who have either completed the Beginners' Road and Trailside course, or who have substantial personal maintenance experience and competence at the elements of the Road and Trailside Maintenance course.
Gary Verity, Chief Executive of Welcome to Yorkshire, said: "These discounted courses are a fantastic way of learning some new skills, whether you're a beginner learning from scratch or an expert just looking to top up on some know how. They're a chance to learn more and save money, which can only be a good thing for anyone into cycling."
The courses will run initially in May and will be offered on a first-come-first-serve basis. Course prices are £36 + VAT with a small booking fee. For more information and to book see: www.yorkshire.com/tdfworkshops.
Please note there may be a fee to drive into Dalby Forest.


text:
This question already has an answer here:
Is there a handy reference that corelates the number of decimal points in a coordinate to the precision in meters?
I had discussions like "4 decimal places will place you within a 500 meter radius" and "6 decimal places will place you in a house". I want a reference that can clear up such facts and requirements.


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Stock Rules Update* a minor change in stock rules concerning book covers and commercial projects
What are "Stock Photos" and can I use "Stock Photos" in my submissions?
You must follow these rules if you want to use my stock:
1. Always credit me and provide a link to my page.
( Example: Model :iconKuoma-stock: or :iconKuoma:
Example: Model : Janna Prosvirina www.kuoma.deviantart.com )
You must respect this rule if you post your work off-site. If you can not add a link to my page for some reason you must mention my name Janna Prosvirina in the description. Credit is not needed on selling sites such as Etsy, E-bay, etc.
2. Always send me a note or an e-mail with a link to your work. I want to see what you did. Note that I reserve the right to ask you to remove any artwork made with my stock that does not fulfil the requirements stated in my stock rules.
3. Respect the models and don't use the stock images for anything racist,
Thank you very much for your stock, i use here:http: fav.me/dao1jha
Thank you very much for your stock, i use here:http: fav.me/d9ng18o


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Help Us Save The Silks And Get Them Back On The Road
by Sad Man's Tongue So we were looking for some music to add to one of our galleries so we thought we would try out Band Camp. We found quite a bit of inspiration over there including a three piece … Continue reading
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Nice article. I've purchased a few bits and bats from Hubjub over the years and have always been impressed by, and appreciative of, Will's excellent service. Good luck to him and long may he continue.
Fixed gear is now a recognised part of mainstream cycling, just as it was way back in the '40s and '50s. However, for a long time it was firmly out of favour with the exception of a few hardcore riders who remembered the benefits of riding fixed through the winter. Among those riders was a guy by the name of Will Meister.
Will grew up in the countryside where his only form of transport was a bicycle but in a concession to modernity he was at least running a Sturmey Archer hub gear. That first bike was to become the start of a lifelong infatuation with simple bicycles. Even now, more years later than he cares to remember, Will still has a simmering dislike of derailleur gears, or as he refers to them, "The work of the devil!"
This love of simple bikes followed Will when he moved to London where he got caught up in the original dot com boom. The boom was good while it lasted, but when it crashed Will was one of the casualties. Enough was enough and Will returned to his family's home in the country. It was here that everything started to come together for the would be bicycling entrepreneur.
Hubjub.co.uk was not the first cycling site to be created by Will; that honour goes to 63xc.com. First published in 2002, 63xc.com was a magazine styled site dedicated to riding fixed gear bikes off road. With the site Will was able to combine his knowledge of graphic design, Internet architecture, and love of simple bicycles. "It was a cry to an unfeeling universe," says Will. "Guys, I'm still here!"
Much to his surprise 63xc.com became popular, very popular; at its height it was getting 100,000 readers for each update. There can be no doubt that a large part of the site's attraction was the list of contributors, which included such noteworthies as US-based titanium frame builder Matt Chester, Andy Corson from Surly, UK custom frame builder Robin Mather, Dennis Bean Larson of Fixed Gear Gallery and Charlie The Bike Monger among others.
Through 63xc.com Will got to know more and more about the advances in fixed gear technology and became frustrated at how little of it was available in the UK. So he thought to himself, "Why don't I make it available?" The simple answer would have been to set up a shop on 63xc.com but as Will explains, "I subscribe to that early Internet thing, 'You own your own words'. The 50 or so people who contributed to 63xc.com did so to make an interesting site, not to help me line my pockets."
His solution was to stop publishing updates to 63xc.com and establish Hubjub as a site dedicated to retailing specialist parts to fixed gear riders.
In late 2004 Hubjub went live with the assistance of Surly's Andy Corson who helped Will out by making Surly one of the first suppliers to Hubjub. "He put us on Surly's blog, too, which was huge help," says Will. It seems fitting that a Jethro Tule that was the first item to be purchased by a Hubjub customer.
White Industries' ENO hub has an eccentric axle to allow any frame to run a fixed gear
When Hubjub started, single speed mountain bikes were gaining in popularity, with mainstream manufacturers starting to include them in their product ranges, but road specific single speed frames were generally only available from custom builders. However, there was a solution. "White Industries ENO hubs were big in the early years," says Will. "Back then, it was pretty hard to find a frame with track ends, so a lot of people were buying the eccentric hubs to fix road bikes. The hubs are still beautifully made, but I wish White would go back to the old design with a standard cog and lockring, it seems more appropriate for a hack."
LeVel hubs were an early line at Hubjub.co.uk and have since inspired many competitors' offerings proving imitation is the sincerest form of flattery
Another new design of fixed gear hub that Will introduced to the UK is that produced by LeVel Components. "LeVeL are completely different, always outsiders," explains Will talking about the hubs to which the fixed cog bolts on rather than the more usual screw fit. "Since they launched, there've been non-thread cogs from the ISO, Phil Wood, Profile, White, plus a couple of others that died. LeVeL are still my fave, partly because the design makes possible the widest possible range of cog sizes but mostly because they are simply unkillable. I have a prototype set that has run for five years on every surface you can imagine; same set of Chinese bearings, one barely worn stainless cog."
High flanges, sealed bearings and a highly polished finish, what more could anybody want from a front hub for use on a track bike?
As if that wasn't enough fixed gear hub choice for the discerning rider Will added Phil Wood to the virtual shelves of Hubjub. "It was the 63xc.com connection again," he explains. "The stuff is impeccable, of course, but more importantly they're great to deal with, which really isn't always the case with the small high-end makers."
Some of us, of a certain age, remember the fad for purple anodising that was prevalent in the early days of MTBs and now Will has brought it to the fixed scene with his Nitto 'Colour Project'
However, not everything that is available through Hubjub comes from small-scale specialists, such parts as the line of Nitto bars and stems. Adding bars and stem and moving away from the key fixed gear components may seem strange at first and, indeed, I did remark on this fact to Will. Though I didn't expect the answer I got, "Don Lancaster, who I read a lot at the start of Hubjub, wrote that businesses tend to grow in ways that you weren't expecting. I got some Nitto kit for my own bike in the late '90s and was always getting asked where I'd got the stuff. Soon after Hubjub launched, we became the first UK company to bring over Nitto in bulk. I knew it would pretty much sell itself. That's still the case today."
In those early days many of the orders Will was receiving were quite small, obvious really given it was mainly hubs, sprockets and chain tugs and this meant he was able to do his daily post runs by bike, with all the parcels carried to the post office in a rucksack. However, that all had to change when a dedicated fixed gear frame appeared for sale on the pages of Hubjub.
The frame that changed it all was Russian-built titanium designed for Hubjub by Justin Burls of Burls Bicycles. Will takes up the story, "The idea was always to have a premium frameset that would sell in small quantities for people who wanted complete builds, and I tried a couple of steelies. But it was very hard to differentiate our stuff in a market that was rapidly getting saturated. I figured titanium might show that we were different. Justin was an old friend of 63xc.com and it wasn't a huge stretch to get him to give us some of his surplus Russian production capacity. I still think the Courier was the best 'streetfix' ever made, full stop, and the owners seem to agree. But it didn't take off in the market, and now Justin's order book is full so I can no longer hit the pricepoint."
With a frame no longer available Will has once again taken a look at the market and adapted. The latest additions to the Hubjub offerings have come about for slightly more personal reasons. Last year Hubjub left its original home in Hampshire and headed off to the deepest West Country. Due to the challenging terrain that now surrounds Will, he has swapped his beloved LeVel rear hub for a Sturmey Archer S2C, which he now sells, to be able to get up the hills.
Believed to be the only 48-spline, 44-tooth BMX chainrings available in the UK, and soon to be used on Will's personal ride, this Tree products unit give an insight in to what the future of Hubjub.co.uk may hold
Because Will is, among many other things, an eternal tinkerer he has now taken the whole hub gear ethos on board as he told me, "Robin Mather is presently fitting a tiny BMX ring and splined cromo cranks to my '70s MKM, because I reckon it's the best set-up for the Sturmey hub." This new bike set-up also provides an insight into what the future of Hubjub may involve. With the Sturmey Archer S2C already available, Will is now looking at other hub gear options as potential additions to his stock as he attempts to create a simple bike that is also the ultimate commuter machine.
Now for this plan to work the bike needs to be ready to ride at anytime, and anytime means day or night. Not one to have to bother fastening lights on and then remembering to remove them when the bike is parked, Will is looking to dynamo systems; an area he feels is yet to be fully exploited.
While looking at other options for new products Will went back to his 63xc.com little black book and came up with the name of Josh Cohen. Never heard of him? Neither had I, but Will explained, "Josh is a sports medic and the man behind a business called Kontact. He also wrote several pieces for 63xc.com. His big thing is TCOP, a means of assessing blood flow without ticking needles into people. TCOP allowed Josh to analyse genital bloodflow during cycling, and he came up with some pretty eye-watering statistics. The Kontact is his design for a saddle that won't affect your joie de vivre. Also it's a proper racing saddle, not something that belongs on a Dutch comfort bike. Josh asked me for UK distributor contacts and I stepped up myself. Actually the move into distribution is pretty obvious, given that I try to be a bit ahead of the market."
Don't forget that mention of a BMX chainring and crankset either; while Will wouldn't be drawn on the subject it doesn't take much effort to make the connection between fixed gear components and BMX, especially if you've ever taken a look at some of the more extreme fixed gear videos floating around the Internet, or in fact some of the more off-the-wall fixed bikes appearing at events like the North American Handbuilt Bicycle show or the UK's own Bespoked event.
"I like a good niche," says Will. Cycling entrepreneurs are always ready to explore new markets and one that is steadily developing is alternative cycling specific clothing.
Not everyone is happy to wear Lycra and by the same token nor do they want to wear over-sized baggy MTB kit. It is an area that Will has taken an interest in too.
The first step on this next stage of Hubjub's development has been the addition of a limited range of new-old-stock Hypnotic Design clothing. While Hypnotic Design is no more, the company founder was a fixed gear rider as well as someone looking for casual cut cycling specific clothing. I think it's easy to see where this has the potential to go…
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Hubjub is a great company. I wanted some odd Nitto bars a good while back but they didnt have stock, when the next batch came in some were kept aside until they could make contact with me to see if i still wanted them. Same for some odd bar tape just recently. And im not some 'preferred customer' , they dont know me from dirt.


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quote:Originally posted by BillyboyJason,Can I say how much I enjoyed your web site, now closed down.I wonder will it ever be replaced?I have my doubts,Regards,Billyboy.
Our Service is designed for, and may only be used for, bona fide discussion about the topics which we place for discussion on our Service. Unless otherwise stated on our Service, posts must relate to the types of contracts defined in The Timeshare, Holiday Products, Resale and Exchange Contracts Regulations 2010, Statutory Instrument 2010 No. 2960. Any non-compliant posts / threads will be subject to deletion.


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Posts Tagged 'daycare'
Five Ways to Get Family Onboard with Sleep Training
5 Tips on How to Get Family Onboard with Sleep Training (Samantha Graham – Mesa, Arizona) If you are lucky enough to have a family member care for your children regularly, you may be wondering how to talk to them about sleep training. Keep in mind that consistency is an essential key. When we sleep…Read More


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Hall Beach, Nunavut Territory, Canada
(1956- )
Silas was born in 1956 in Hall Beach, the son of two artists, Joanasi and Martha Kayakjuak. Silas learned to carve at an early age by watching other family members carving. He began to carve at the age of eight and produced his first serious carving when he was twelve. Natural talent, a keen eye for balance and movement in the human figure, experience of hunting and living on the land combine to give Silas's work an appealing warmth and charm.
Spirit Wrestler Gallery
101-1669 West 3rd Ave.
Vancouver, BC
Canada V6J 1K1
Toll Free: 1-888-669-8813
Phone: 604-669-8813
one block West of the Granville Island gates
Between Pine St. and Fir St.
Tuesday to Saturday, open 10-5
Sunday and Holidays, open 12-5
© 2019 Spirit Wrestler Gallery. All Rights Reserved.


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Retrieve accurate and current information on Michael Odell in Las Vegas NV at USA-People-Search.com. Check out the list of people named Michael Odell above, who were once a resident or still living in Las Vegas NV, along with their basic profiles to quickly locate the individual you're looking for.
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Thursday night's reception at Boston Bead Company was fun! What a wonderful opportunity to show some of my beadwork in Harvard Square. I also had the chance to talk about my creative process to those who were interested and perhaps new to bead embroidery. Here's a quick pic of Carson Eddy, the shop owner, and I.. We had a great time checking out all of the gorgeous seed beads currently in stock for the Fall Seed Bead Trunk Show!
After the reception, I went out with friends sporting my latest micro-beaded poodle necklace. This piece is so much fun to wear & it really commands attention. Perhaps I should make more beaded dog collars! 😀
If you are in the Boston area, and would like to learn how to do bead embroidery, Boston Bead Company has added a beading class with me to next month's calendar! :O
Register now for this 5-hour workshop. I will be teaching some basic bead embroidery techniques, as well as how to make an adorable Pink Poodle pin. This workshop will be held at the Cambridge store one time only. Class will be held on Saturday, October 27 from 10am-3pm. Six students maximum, so register early! H0pe to see you there! 😀


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he Minuteman was one of the most significant strategic weapons in U.S. history. With the turn of a key, the missile could deliver its nuclear weapon to a Soviet target in 30 minutes or less. It was a weapon for which there was virtually no defense -- for a war no one could win. For nearly three decades Ellsworth's 44th Missile Wing stood on alert. Then in 1989 the Berlin Wall fell.¹
Dispersed across the rolling high plains of western South Dakota during the Cold War were 150 Minuteman Missiles. These missiles held warheads that could have been used in a devastating counter strike against the Soviet Union in the event of a nuclear war. The industrial might and mechanistic strength held within the underground silos were in stark contrast to the above-ground fields of golden wheat and pastoral grazing lands.
For three decades -- 1963-1993 -- thousands of people passed through this seemingly peaceful area unaware of the destructive force hidden beneath the landscape. The Minuteman system transformed the prairie into a military and technological frontier. As the first solid-fuel Intercontinental Ballistic Missile ever deployed by the United States, the Minuteman enhanced America's military capabilities. It was a key component of America's Cold War policy of deterrence and by extension helped facilitate a peaceful end to the Cold War. Designated in 1999, Minuteman Missile National Historic Site protects and preserves two significant sites on this former Cold War missile field in rural South Dakota.¹ Testimony of Tim J. Pavek, Minuteman II Deactivation Program Manager, U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Hearings before the Subcommittee on National Parks and Public Lands House Committee on Resources, 106th Congress, September 14, 1999.
About This Lesson
Getting Started: Inquiry Question
Setting the Stage: Historical Context
Locating the Site: Maps
Determining the Facts: Readings
Visual Evidence: Images
Putting It All Together: Activities
How the National Register
Minuteman Missile National Historic Site
The lesson is based on the Minuteman Missile National Historic Site, one of the thousands of properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places.


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Statement From Attorneys For Trayvon Martin Family In Response To Release from Zimmerman's Defense Lawyers:
The only photos or videos that are relevant or admissible at trial are those of Trayvon taken the day he was shot and killed by George Zimmerman. There is no evidence that Trayvon neither had gold teeth nor gave anybody the finger the night he was shot and killed. Therefore those pictures are irrelevant and will not be admitted into evidence.
Is the defense trying to prove Trayvon deserved to be killed by George Zimmerman because the way he looked? If so, this stereotypical and closed-minded thinking is the same mindset that caused George Zimmerman to get out of his car and pursue Trayvon, an unarmed kid who he didn't know. The pre-trial release of these irrelevant red herrings is a desperate and pathetic attempt by the defense to pollute and sway the jury pool.
The evidence that will be admitted at trial is the legally documented history of George Zimmerman's propensity for violence, such as his arrest for battery on a law enforcement officer, his injunction to prevent domestic violence taken out by his ex-girlfriend, and evidence of his training as a bouncer for Data Whore Productions, Inc.
Associated Press Release
By: MIKE SCHNEIDER
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) -- George Zimmerman's defense attorneys have released photos and text messages from 17-year-old Trayvon Martin's cell phone ahead of a hearing that will determine whether they can be used at the neighborhood watch leader's trial.
The photos released Thursday show Martin blowing smoke and extending his middle finger to the camera. The photos also show a gun and what appears to be a potted marijuana plant.
In the text messages, Martin tells a friend that his mother has told him he needs to move out of her house and move in with his father since he was caught skipping school.
Zimmerman is charged with fatally shooting Martin last year during a confrontation at a gated community. Zimmerman is pleading not guilty to second-degree murder, claiming self-defense.
His trial starts next month.
Associated Press Release
By MIKE SCHNEIDER
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) -- Florida prosecutors say Trayvon Martin's troubles at school and his marijuana smoking should not be talked about at a trial for neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman.
Prosecutors asked a judge on Monday to block Zimmerman's attorneys from presenting this evidence as well as information about Martin getting into a fight and wearing fake gold teeth. Prosecutors also want to keep out of the trial any social media screen names Martin used, the contents of his text messages and his school records.
Prosecutors say such information is irrelevant to the trial.
Zimmerman is set to go on trial next month for second-degree murder. He is pleading not guilty and says he fatally shot the unarmed 17-year-old Martin out of self-defense during a confrontation last year.


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A's lease details: new scoreboard, better plumbing
New 10-year proposal awaiting vote offers incentives to remain
Months of bickering over a long-term lease for the Oakland A's are expected to end Thursday when the board that manages the O.co Coliseum votes on a revised proposal with incentives to keep the team from leaving the city.
The proposal, released Tuesday afternoon, would require the A's to give the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Authority two years' notice of the team's intent to move to another city and would require the team to continue to make lease payments for the remainder of the 10-year term of the lease - even if the team is no longer playing at O.co.
However, the A's would be let off the hook from making those lease payments if they left the stadium early and moved to another stadium within Oakland, such as the proposed Howard Terminal facility at Jack London Square.
"This is a great start to finding a long-term solution to keeping the A's in Oakland," said Chris Dobbins, a member of the Coliseum board and head of a fan group, Save Oakland Sports. "There's still going to be naysayers, but I think we're on the right track."
If approved Thursday, the lease would then need approvals from the Oakland City Council and Alameda County Board of Supervisors.
Rent drops over time
Under the proposal, the A's annual lease payments would start at $1.75 million - about $250,000 more than the team is currently paying - and drop to $1.25 million over the course of the 10-year term. The decreasing rent amount is intended as an incentive for the team to stay through the full term of the lease, sources at the Coliseum Authority said.
Sewage overflows and blackouts - occasional occurrences at the stadium, which opened in 1966 - are also addressed in the new lease. The Coliseum Authority would pay $1 million a year, with 5 percent annual increases, into a maintenance fund to fix the stadium problems.
The lease would also settle a $5 million dispute between the team and the authority over back rent. Instead of requiring the team to pay $5 million in what the authority argued was back rent, the team would agree to buy a new $10 million scoreboard system.
The new lease would replace the existing lease, which expires in about 18 months.
Sources said the A's have already agreed to the revised lease, which has been the subject of much public speculation and political posturing for the past few months. Last week, the four Oakland representatives on the Coliseum board boycotted the board's scheduled meeting, and the board could not vote without a quorum.
The boycott stemmed from Oakland officials' concerns that the lease did not provide enough protections for the city, or enough incentives for the A's to stay in Oakland. For example, the previous proposal allowed the A's to give only one year's notice if the team wanted to move, sources have said.
The A's have been planning to move from Oakland for at least a decade, saying the Coliseum is outdated and the team should not have to share facilities with the Oakland Raiders. Initially A's owners tried to move to Fremont, but that plan was scuttled due in part to traffic concerns and a lack of public support, and for the past few years it has been attempting to move to San Jose.
A waterfront ballpark?
Major League Baseball still has not ruled on whether the A's can relocate to San Francisco Giants' territory, which would be required for a South Bay move. San Jose sued the league over the matter, and a court decision is expected in October.
Meanwhile, plans for a new ballpark at the Oakland waterfront continue to move forward. The Port of Oakland in March entered into a negotiating contract with a group of 15 East Bay business leaders to consider building a 38,000-seat ballpark, retail shops, restaurants and other amenities at Howard Terminal, a 50-acre site just north of Jack London Square.
The group includes the chief executive of Clorox; the former chief executive of Dreyer's Ice Cream; Oakland business consultant Doug Boxer, son of Sen. Barbara Boxer and a fervent A's fan; and Mike Ghielmetti, head of Signature Development Group, which is building the 3,100-unit Brooklyn Basin project south of Jack London Square.
"Our first priority is seeing the A's stay in Oakland," Ghielmetti said Tuesday. "We don't want to get in the way of anything the city's doing at the Coliseum. But we think the Howard Terminal site could be a beautiful place for a ballpark."
A's co-owner Lew Wolff has said he has no plans to move the team to Howard Terminal.
Carolyn Jones is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: email@example.com Twitter: @carolynajones


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Subscribe To Chris Evans May Lead Bong Joon-ho's Snow Piercer Updates
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After you've battled super-powered Nazis with lasers, where do you go from there? If you're an emerging action star looking to avoid being pigeonholed, you seek out a gritty indie. While Captain America: The First Avenger's dashing leading man Chris Evans will reprise the role of patriotic super soldier Steve Rogers this summer in Joss Whedon's much-anticipated The Avengers, it seems the Sunshine star is looking to return to grittier fare as he has entered talks to join Snow Piercer, the next feature from South Korean writer-director Bong Joon-ho.
Variety reports that Joon-ho, who drew international notice and acclaim with his allegorical monster tale The Host and his harrowing psychological thriller Mother, has joined forces with Oldboy helmer Park Chan-wook to craft Snow Piercer. While Joon-ho wrote the script and will direct, marking his first American-produced feature, Chan-wook will serve as producer. With these two on board, Snow Piercer is sure to attract stars, just as Chan-wook's domestic debut Stoker, which is set to premiere later this year, has garnered such A-listers as Nicole Kidman and Mia Wasikowska. But will Evans be the first to sign on? We'll soon see as production is set to begin as early as March.
Set in a fiercely frigid world of ice and snow, Snow Piercer focuses on a train overstuffed with anxious travelers as well as their efforts to survive and co-exist under such claustrophobic conditions. No further details have been released as to what kind of character Evans would play. Regardless, following The Avengers, Evans will appear opposite everyone's favorite movie madman Michael Shannon in the hitman biopic The Iceman, which is now in production.


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Cinderella Castle Wall Clock With 40 Friends
Clock wood case inspired by Cinderella's castle, with 2D art of 40 Disney characters and 3D Mickey and Minnie. PLUS, Tinker Bell announces the hour!
Measures 25" H (including pendulum and pine cones) x 4" D
- Price:
- s&s◇
Is it ever possible to pick a favorite story or character from the heartwarming Disney animated classics that have thrilled us for so many generations? Of course not which is why you'll find all of your favorites gathered together in the superb design of this wooden cuckoo clock, available from The Bradford Exchange. This delightful Disney wall decor displays fully sculpted images of Mickey and Minnie plus dazzling, colorful art of 40 of your favorite characters.
The elegant spires of Cinderella's castle inspire the design of this unique clock, while the classic clock face is adorned with four Disney character portraits. Plus, at the start of every hour, the miniature doors swing open and Tinker Bell appears to the twinkling sound of a magic wand. Includes a golden pendulum. Strong demand is expected for this handcrafted decorative cuckoo wall clock, so the right time to order is now!
This fine home decor is not intended for children.
- All your favorite Disney characters come together in a cuckoo clock, a special design from The Bradford Exchange
- Uniquely designed Disney cuckoo clock with a real wood case featuring 42 Disney characters from the most beloved animated classics, including Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, Pluto, Cinderella, Snow White, Ariel and other Disney Princess characters, the Winnie-the-Pooh characters, and more!
- The antiqued ivory-finish wood case of this decorative cuckoo wall clock takes its inspiration from Cinderella's castle, topped with sculpted resin turrets and gleaming brass-toned flags
- The classic clock face features colorful portraits of Peter Pan, Tinker Bell, Dumbo, and Aladdin and Jasmine
- A tiny figure of Tinker Bell appears to announce the hour, accompanied by the twinkling sound of a magic wand
- Handcrafted adornments in fine artist's resin include the fully sculpted and hand-painted figures of Mickey and Minnie and the hanging pinecone "weights" and golden pendulum
- A precise quartz movement powers the Disney Character wooden cuckoo clock's elegant hour, minute and seconds hands, as well as the brass-toned pendulum that swings underneath
- Requires 2 "D" batteries and 1 "AA" battery (not included)
- Accompanied by a Certificate authenticating your Disney cuckoo clock is an original from The Bradford Exchange
- Measures 25" H (including pendulum and pine cones) x 4" D; 63.5 cm H x 10.2 cm D
©2009 The Bradford Exchange. All rights reserved.


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angurialab necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 64 diseños de 18 diseñadores freelance.
AnguriaLab (anguria = watermelon in Italian) is a new start-up like company. We develop cool and good looking apps, and are looking for a catchy and beautiful logo that represents up. NOT something Corporate-like.
AnguriaLab or angurialab
Our company is AnguriaLab (or "angurialab", all in lower-case...it depends on which logo will look best...we're still open to both options, so feel free to try both!)
"Anguria" means "watermelon" in Italian; so it's something fresh, juicy, tasty, good, and attractive. "Lab" is, well, a lab...but we'd rather focus on the "anguria" part of the name.
We look for a logo that reflects that fact that we're not the usual, boring, serious Corporate-like business. We're a young start-up working on modern iPhone, Mac and Web 2.0 applications and services.
Please don't use pre-made business logo templates, we're not interested in that style.
Ideally we want something that is beautiful enough to look great also for t-shirts or that would made cool business cards.
While being good looking and catchy, at the same time it shouldn't be too much "heavy" or complex.
Don't focus on the fact that we build mobile or web software...don't use a small mobile phone or a "world" icon on the logo. We'd rather focus on the "anguria" (watermelon) to design something nice and fresh.
Color choice is still open at this point, since we haven't defined the company-website color scheme yet. It might be a watermelon-like color scheme, but not necessarily. You might try different combinations.
The contest prize is not guaranteed just because we don't know how well and effective 99designs is, but we really really hope to get some great ideas, and to reward one!
Prize will be paid with PayPal as soon as we've consulted with each other and chosen the logo we like most.
For any question or clarification, plase don't hesistate to ask in the comments below.
- cool, fresh and catchy logo
- well-balaned, longer rather than taller
- might probably focus on the "anguria" (watermelon) rather than on the "software lab"
- high-quality and high-resolution logo in PSD format - we'll probably need to easily resize it to a few different sizes
- Something too specific, with a mobile phone, a globe, a dvd or something similar on the logo (that is, not something that necessarily reminds a "software lab")
- Something done with boring pre-made logo templates
- Something like the typical Coporate-like logos. We need something nice and innovative
- Something that look cheap or amateurish, of course
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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I've been experimenting with light bulbs and photography. Drilling a hole into the glass of a light bulb allows the inert gas to escape thus the filament burns away when turned on. This effect lasts for only a moment (typically less than a second), so prior planning is important if you hope to capture anything at all.
There are some good sites for setting yourself up for this like this one but there are others if you'd like to search away.
(please remember these are incandecent lamps not these new energy saving type or florescent tubes)


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Are you interested in sharing top tips with other DESMOND Educators?
Do you want to keep up to date on the latest developments and research of the National Programme?
Piloted in 'Yorkshire & the Humber' area, Educator Networks are really the answer to getting to speak with, share ideas, top tips, & good working practice, as well as local work with other Educators, and keep up-to-date with the DESMOND Programme.
It couldn't be easier to set one up in your area:
Step 1) Ask National Office to contact Educators in the adjacent trusts to yours
Step 2) Put together a brief email to all on this list for National Office to disseminate, highlighting what you are planning to do and to see who would be interested
Step 3) Arrange a date (3 hours in an afternoon has worked well with Yorkshire Network)
Step 4) Arrange a venue (somewhere free to use)
Step 5) Confirm details with Educators
Step 6) Run the meeting!
You are not alone on this; National Office is there to guide you on your way and is always willing to come along to provide updates of the work that is happening nationally, and once the network is establish you can pass on ownership to another Educators/team for each meeting so that responsibility does not always fall to one person. Therefore those in the network are responsible for the network!
At the first meeting of the pilot site, it was decided that they would run a network meeting every 6 months and would rotate the venue so that all trusts had a chance to 'host'. At the end of the meeting an agenda for the next meeting, along with date, was set.
Topics that have been included on the agenda for the pilot network have been:
In 'Yorkshire & Humber' this has lead to some close working relationships between organisations & Educators that wouldn't normally link up, with Educators now crossing boundaries to observe other Educators delivering.
If you interested in finding out more, then please contact Alison Northern on email@example.com


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Daily Ab Workout is a great 5 to 10 minute daily ab routine for men and women that steps you through ten of the best ab-sculpting exercises you can do in the comfort of your own home. These proven exercises, demonstrated by a certified personal trainer, target all major abdominal muscles. Spending just minutes a day can strengthen your core and tone your abs.
The routine's simple interface, complete with video and timer, allows you to easily follow along and understand each exercise.
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>>> Check out the "DAILY WORKOUTS" full version for multiple workouts including ab, arm, butt, cardio, leg and full-body routines. Daily Workouts now also has Pilates, stretch, kettlebell and ball workouts available via in-app purchase, and more coming soon!!!


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Steve Dawson - Waiting For the lights to come up
Sample Songs:
At Arms Length
Dry As Our Luck
Fire Somewhere
Walkin' Down The Line
Hard To Get Gertie
Room To Room
Somebody's Gotta Help You
Fun Machine One
Today's Surprise
Ruin My Day
Swinging In A Hammock
Acclaimed Vancouver, BC musician/producer/songwriter Steve Dawson will release 2 new albums of his work in 2008; "Waiting For The Lights To Come Up" and "Telescope".
"I decided to record two albums at once this year. It wasn't what I set out to do originally. I was getting ready to make a record that would feature a new batch of songs that I had been writing, but at the same time, I was learning the pedal steel guitar, and had been writing ensemble-based music that would feature that instrument."
Rather than waiting and recording them separately, Dawson decided to put together a crack band and spend a few days in the studio getting the majority of both albums done at once. The idea was to create two completely different projects that tied together sonically and that shared a similar energy. "I thought it would be interesting to have them both done in the same space at the same time, and by the same people."
The musicians are players with whom he's been making a lot of records over the last few years. The band comprises Keith Lowe (Bill Frisell, Fiona Apple) on bass, Chris Gestrin (Randy Bachman, K-OS) on keyboards, and Scott Amendola (T.J. Kirk, Bill Frisell, Madeline Peyroux) on drums.
"With musicians of this caliber, I knew that most of the magic would be happening quickly on early takes, even before the band was too comfortable with the new material." Dawson and the band set up shop in The Factory Studios in Vancouver and proceeded to record the bulk of the two records in about 5 days. Dawson took the tracks back to his Henhouse Studio to add overdubs, textures and sound manipulation. The result is a wonderful and arresting pair of new releases — "Waiting For the Lights To Come Up" and "Telescope".
Waiting For the Lights To Come Up
"This album was a natural progression for me. I toured quite a bit when my last album, 'We Belong to the Gold Coast' came out in 2005. I did a lot of solo shows in Canada and Europe, and in that time I started writing new songs that I could perform on my own as well as with the band". While Steve's hypnotic fingerstyle guitar is still at the heart of the new material, it's the songs that are most prevalent on this recording. Drawing from his wealth of experience with blues, jazz, rock, old-school gospel and folk music of all kinds, Dawson creates a unique blend of sophisticated roots music as only he could. Polished, but leaving the edges a little rough. Contemporary, yet utilizing sounds and instruments that could have been recorded 60 years ago. The evocative lyrics and textural guitars paint an unforgettable picture in songs like "Room To Room" and "Dry As Our Luck", the twang of the baritone guitar underlies the foreboding of "At Arms Length", and Steve picked up his old $50 Silvertone guitar for the searing slide that takes us on a chaotic trip in "Fire Somewhere".
Dawson continues to explore the traditional side as well, always with a contemporary flair, or something to pull it slightly off in a new direction. He dusts off the Mississippi Sheiks' "Somebody's Got To Help You" and burns it down with the band in tow. "Hard To Get Gertie" and "Swinging In A Hammock" offer a take on vintage Hawaiian music, although the addition of drums, pump organ, and several electric guitars skew the context just enough. Dawson is channeling his many influences here, but he has found a unique voice within it all that has truly begun to surface.
The bulk of the new songs were written in a small period of time in between Steve's touring and recording projects. Dawson's production work has become sought-after for his multi-instrumental abilities and intricacies, while keeping live performance at the root of most of his projects. Jim Byrnes, Kelly Joe Phelps, Jenny Whiteley, Old Man Luedecke, Ndidi Onukwulu, and Shuyler Jansen are just a few of the many artists who have sought out Dawson in the last few years to produce, record and develop their music, and his instrumental abilities have appeared on over 75 albums and onstage with renowned artists like Long John Baldry, Bob Brozman, Geoff Muldaur, Oh Susanna, Justin Rutledge, and many others. Dawson has been named Producer of the Year at the Western Canadian Music Awards and twice at the Canadian Folk Music Awards. He has produced 7 Juno nominated albums, and has 4 Juno Awards for albums that he has produced or in which he has been a featured musician. Dawson's unique production style, paired with his desire to create and experiment with sound has brought him to the forefront of the field.
With this wealth of experience, Dawson has taken his recording experience to new heights with "Waiting For The Lights To Come Up". Slide guitars, pump organs, pedal steel, wurlitzers, and baritone guitars all dance and sway through Dawson's strongest material to date.


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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Develop an Assessment Schedule
In this activity, you will create a schedule of classroom assessments to use throughout the year.
The workshop participants raised several important questions about classroom assessment including how much to assess, when to assess, and what to assess.
Although assessment occurs daily, it is critical that specific assessments are in place and documented in a systematic way, to provide ongoing information about student performance and growth.
Consider the statement by Dr. Paratore:
You could learn about children's literacy behaviors, performance, and interests in almost all areas of the day. What the effective teacher needs to do is develop some framework, some system for collecting and making sense of that data.
This activity will help you develop a framework for assessing and documenting student performance throughout the year -- plan to ensure that you are collecting enough evidence for each student. The assessments should reflect your instruction and curriculum goals.
© 2003 WGBH Educational Foundation. All rights reserved.
© Annenberg Foundation 2017. All rights reserved. Legal Policy


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Nation & World
Kidnapped Kurdish school children are being taught to be Jihadists by ISIS
An estimated 148 Kurdish students kidnapped by Islamic militants in northeastern Syria while traveling to their final exams in late May remain in the hands of the extremists, who are subjecting the children to intensive attempts to radicalize them, leaving parents concerned that some of the students will join the radicals.
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, which has since taken over large swaths of northern and central Iraq, abducted more than 600 children on May 30 as they attempted to travel from Kurdish villages along the Turkish border to the rebel held portions of Aleppo for their final exams. After releasing hundreds of female students and the younger children, the militants kept 150 older boys with the promise they would all be released after a ten-day period of Islamic instruction.
Kurdish self-defense forces and militias associated with the Kurdish Workers Party, known by its Kurdish acronym PKK, regularly battle ISIS along a series of strategic frontlines in the area and both sides have regularly taken prisoners, which, according to the PKK spokesman in Qamishli, could mean that ISIS plans to demand ISIS prisoners held by the Kurds in exchange for the students.
"We are waiting for their demands to determine if there should be a prisoner swap," said Raydour Khalil in a telephone interview. "The self-defense forces are doing what they can to gain the release of the children."
But Kurdish journalist Multu Civiroglu says that the families he has interviewed fear the worst after two students were released after five days to deliver messages and phone numbers.
"On June 5th ISIS released two students," he said by email. "Those two students were given a phone number so that families can contact their children. (they said) ISIS takes care of students and feed them well. Children are "educated" daily by ISIS about how to pray and Sharia. They are also forced to pray five times a day. There is a common idea in Kobane that ISIS is trying to recruit children to join ISIS and Jihad."
Parents who have called the number in an effort to contact their children say that both ISIS and their children ask them to start political demonstrations against the PKK and its Syrian self-defense force militias, know by their Kurdish acronym as the YPG.
This, say the families, who did not want to be identified for fear of both ISIS and the Kurdish authorities, has raised tensions within the town of Kobane, where most of the abducted children are from. Authorities are trying to manage widespread horror and outrage in a community terrified about the fate of so many children.
Human Rights Watch released a report last week accusing the YPG and PKK military and political groups of a litany of human rights abuses against the Arab population of northern Syria, which it is competing against for territory in civil war-torn Syria, and against ISIS prisoners and even Kurdish political dissidents.
Although ISIS had promised to release the students after 10 days of Islamic instruction, no releases since June 5th have taken place, and parents who have spoke to their children say they're deeply concerned that some of the kids are becoming radicalized after weeks of lectures on the need for Muslims to engage in Jihad.
"It seems like ISIS is trying to use the children as a bargaining chip to pressure YPG," said Civiroglu. "Families also worry that their children may be brainwashed and used in suicide attacks. Human Rights Minister in Kobane Canton, Hersho Faruq Shahin, on Thursday told me on the phone that ISIS considers those children as prisoners and wants to use them to secure release of their members who are in YPG custody. He added that despite numerous attempts to get those children released, their efforts brought no result yet."


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Franken gets last laugh
Republicans promised to make funnyman Al Franken a one-term senator, but look who's laughing now.
The Minnesota Democrat looked to be a top GOP pickoff target next year after his agonizing seven-month recount and legal battle put him in the Senate in 2009 by a mere 312 votes.
Story Continued Below
Yet, in a turnabout few could've predicted, Franken has yet to draw a Republican opponent. The GOP looks likely to choose between relatively unknown state legislators, inexperienced businessmen or a conservative radio host with a history of controversial statements.
( PHOTOS: Al Franken's career)
Franken's success so far fending off a serious challenger speaks to the broader recruitment challenge Republicans face in 2014. To have a shot at overcoming the Democrats' 10-seat Senate advantage, the GOP needs to expand the map by putting seats like Franken's in play. But the party to date has struggled to find top-flight candidates in several states that should, at least on paper, be competitive.
The Udall cousins elected in 2008 — Mark in Colorado and Tom in New Mexico — look safe. And no top-tier GOP candidate has announced yet in Michigan, New Hampshire or Iowa.
Democrats are defending seats in seven red states carried by Mitt Romney last year, but Republicans are highly unlikely to run the table in those places.
Franken, the former "Saturday Night Live" star and liberal talk show host, worked overtime to put himself in this position. Studiously following the Hillary Clinton Senate playbook, Franken has kept his head down, largely avoided national press and focused on populist issues like privacy and consumer protection. He has cultivated a reputation as a serious lawmaker and amassed a formidable war chest.
Also of help: Minnesota — genuinely purple a decade ago — has taken on a more bluish hue. And the state Republican Party is reeling, debt-ridden and seeking to find its way after its Ron Paul-affiliated Senate nominee lost to Sen. Amy Klobuchar by 34 points in November.
Polling released last week pegs Franken's approval rating just above the 50 percent threshold, key for an incumbent. The Democratic firm Public Policy Polling showed him starting with a double-digit lead over six potential Republican candidates.
"It's shocking to me that Franken is as safe as he is at this point," said University of Minnesota political scientist Larry Jacobs.
Republicans hope national atmospherics, specifically the growing unpopularity of Obamacare and the scandals enveloping Obama, will help put Minnesota in play. They believe 2014 will be a bad year for incumbents in general, and that while Franken is no doubt the favorite at the moment, the race is not lost for the GOP.
( PHOTOS: Senators up for election in 2014)
Knowing he would have a tough race, Franken hired a campaign manager early and started fundraising aggressively. He brought in $2 million in the first quarter and has about that much cash on hand.
"My mantra is to be prepared and ready for anything," said that campaign manager, Matt Burgess, who Franken hired in March.


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"Girls" creator Lena Dunham hosted "Saturday Night Live" this weekend and she addressed frequent nudity on her hit HBO series right away.
"If you're nervous about giving a speech just imagine the audience naked, or at least imagine they haven't seen you naked," Dunham, who's was hosting "SNL" for the first time, said in her opening monologue.
"I mention that because…some people complain about the nudity on 'Girls,' but every show has its thing," she said. "'Seinfeld' had the puffy shirt, 'Home Improvement' had the neighbor talking over the fence, and we have very graphic sex scenes."
"That's our thing," she said casually.
Dunham went on to explain that although she loves her job, the one downside to playing Hannah Horvath, is that fans feel comfortable asking her very personal questions.
"That's why I'm happy to be here at 'SNL' where people actually respect boundaries," she said, only to be interrupted by cast member Vanessa Bayer, who wanted "to tell her something very personal" and proceeded to discuss details about her boyfriend.
Cast members Adily Bryant and Bobby Moynihan also followed Bayer's lead and started to discuss personal issues. Moynihan walked on stage in a robe, opened it in front of Dunham and asked, "Is this normal?"
An embarrassed Dunham mentioned that her 94-year-old grandmother, Dorothy (Kate McKinnon) was in the audience. She apologized to her "Grandma Dot," but Dunham's grandmother started to tell her own story.
"You know in 1940, only the cool girls went to third base, and I was cool as hell," she said.
In another spoof of "Girls," Dunham played Eve in a movie trailer for a biblical film "Girl," coming to theaters after "Noah" and "Son of God."
The movie, about "Lena Dunham's unique take on the life of Eve as a struggling twenty something in the Garden of Eden" also starred Adam, played by "Girls'" Adam Driver (Taran Killam) and another "Girls" castmember Shoshanna as the snake's head.
Naturally, both Dunham and Adam strutted naked through the garden.
"You're like a part of me, literally. God made you from my rib, kid," Adam told Dunham in his trademark baritone, when she tried to find out if he's seeing other women.
"Oh my God, that is like so sexist, I can't believe you even bring that up right now," Dunham exclaimed. "Like, take a gender or women's studies class."
And when Dunham -- like biblical -- Eve finally gave into temptation, she complained, "I know I committed original sin," she said sitting in a pile of half-eaten apples, "but at least it's original, I think I deserve some credit for that, or at least a publishing deal."
The trailer quoted a review by A.O. Scott of "The New York Times" which said, "Even for Adam and Eve, there's a lot of nudity" in "Girl."
Bringing attention to Dunham's feminist side, a sketch placed her in a situation with a male activist who fought against Planned Parenthood and equal pay among men and women. Realizing what he was getting into, Bruce (Mike O'Brien) -- the only boyfriend that showed up to a jewelry party -- tried to cover up what his job was by saying he's a "grassroots activist."
His girlfriend, Marisol (Cecily Strong) from Venezuela completely outed him, not understanding why he was trying to cover up his career.
"Bruce is a men's rights activist, he fights equal pay of men and women" she said proudly.
"You fight against equal pay for men and women?" Dunham asked.
"I fight for the right to be paid more, if you're a man," he said nervously.
Dunham's character explained what Planned Parenthood was to Marisol and she quickly changed her mind about her boyfriend.
In a spoof scene of the political TV drama "Scandal," Sasheer Zamata played Olivia Pope, who instructed her team of "gladiators" to solve the newest crisis as fast as possible. Dunham's character Kelsey, was tasked with placing a bug on the Mexican ambassador's wife but felt overwhelemed by the intense environment.
"You just talked so fast I literally have a thousand follow up questions," Kelsey told Olivia.
In a dramatic scene, President Fitzgerald Grant entered Olivia's office and professed his love to her. But Olivia ignored him, focusing on her work. Kelsey couldn't believe what she was seeing.
"That was the President of the United States, how are you not texting like a thousand people right now?" she asked.
In the cold open scene President Obama (Jay Pharoah) addressed the United States regarding the Russia's standoff over Ukraine's southern region of Crimea. He said, since Crimean lawmakers have voted to hold a referendum that would decide on whether to leave Ukraine, "I've heard so many questions from the American people, like 'is this the first step towards war? What can the United States do? And hold up, what's Crimea?'"
Obama explained that he's taken steps to end the crisis, and specifically mentioned his hour-long conversation with Russian President Vladimir Putin on Thursday.
"I told him that one country can't violate international law by invading another country. And he spent the rest of our conversation by pretending to sneeze while loudly saying 'Iraq'!"
The president admitted that Putin was acting tough and that now, desperate times call for desperate measures.
"So I called in a friend," he said, as actor Liam Neeson entered the scene.
"Crimea has been taken," said Neeson. "I hate it when things are taken," referencing his 2008 movie "Taken."
"Weekend Update" also poked fun at Obama's icy relationship with Putin.
"President Obama this week warned President Vladimir Putin who had sent warships to Crimea that he's on 'the wrong side of history,'" reported Cecily Strong. "Pretty strong words for a guy who uses a Blackberry."
In light of Sunday's season finale of HBO's "True Detective" series, co-anchor Colin Jost introduced Matthew McConaughey (Taran Killam) to discuss his time on the show.
When Jost congratulated McConaughey on his recent Oscar win for "Dallas Buyers Club," the actor said – similar to his ambiguous Oscars acceptance speech -- "Don't congratulate me, congratulate the man I was a week ago, congratulate the man I'm chasing, congratulate the man who never existed."
"And who's that?" asked Colin.
"That's me," said McConaughey who continued to answer Jost's questions with other questions and unclear metaphors. He also referred to Jost as Co-Jo.
Grammy Award winning band The National performed "Graceless," and "I Need My Girl."
"Saturday Night Live" will return March 29 with Louis C.K. as host.


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I don't tend to have much luck with eye creams and very rarely re-buy the same one. I was on the look out for one and Grace at http://www.londonmakeupgirl.com/ recommended the Sarah Chapman Eye Recovery (£38).
It comes in a pump dispenser and is a light serum that is meant to be "peptide-packed". It has a long list of "High performance actives" to be honest I've not heard of a lot of them but I guess the more the better, here is the list:
Matrixyl™ Pentapeptide, Eyeliss™ Tetrapeptide, Haloxyl™ Oligopeptide & Tetrapeptide, Syn®-Ake Dipeptide, Syn®-Coll Tripeptide, Renovage™, DMAE, Hyaluronic Filling Spheres™, Unirepair T43, VCIP Vitamin C, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Pentavitin®, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Vitamin A Palmitate, L-Carnosine, Iris, Mushroom, Aloe Leaf Juice.
Its also paraben-free.
My eye area is dry, I have quite a few lines but they are not deep set, I have very dark circles and a lot of puffiness. After a week of use I noticed a difference, lines and puffiness were diminished and the area looked a bit smoother and less dark. My brother also bought this, he had really sore, slightly puffy under eyes, and also noticed an improvement, he has no irritability from the product, and the area looks more rested and less red than it used to. He is not one for praise but was impressed.
Overall, although I have not experienced a dramatic change, it's had enough of an effect for me to notice and out of the vast amount of eye creams I have used this is the clear winner.
I bought this from SpaceNK.
Saturday, 24 April 2010
Sarah Chapman Eye Recovery
Labels: Sarah Chapman
2 comments:
I'm so glad you like this. I absolutely swear by this stuff; my under eye area is really dry, and I find this makes a difference at holding the fine lines at bay. It's one of the few skincare products I've repurchased more than once.ReplyDelete
Glad it's working for your brother too :)
Hi Grace,ReplyDelete
Thanks so much for the recommendation, your reviews are always spot on! x
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Skykomish summer Chinook and steelhead are here
- Written by Derek Anderson, Screaminreels.com
Fishing on the Skykomish River has been fair over the last few weeks with some really nice ocean-bright fish being caught each day.
The Chinook salmon have been averaging eight to 15 pounds while the summer steelhead have been averaging seven to 10 pounds with an occasional fish around 12 to 13 pounds.
The go-to bait is a small cluster of cured salmon roe paired with a double hook set up on about a four-foot leader.
Cast the bait with a bit of pencil lead into the green seams on the river and drift the bait through the holes.
Hang on when the fish grabs the bait because you will be in for a spectacular battle with one of the best sport fish to catch in the entire Pacific Northwest!
Screamin' Reels summer steelhead season on the Skykomish has been steady with four to five fish days on average with a few slower days as well. We have also had some great days with eight to 10 steelhead hooked which definitely makes up for the slower days and keeps everyone coming back for a great day on the river.
Not only are the fish nice, the scenery provided by mother nature is spectacular with the snow covered mountains in the background and lots of wildlife such as deer, and bald eagles on their nests with their young. It is hard to believe that this beautiful river is just an hour's drive from Seattle!
Be sure to take your kids out fishing this July and experience the great outdoors!
Pictured below is Natalie Anderson, age 6, on her first day as a deck hand for Screamin' Reels with long- time Woodinville resident and close family friend "Papa" Jerry Lounsbury with a nice summer steelhead caught on the first pass of the morning near Monroe.
Tight Lines,
Derek Anderson