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San Marino
San Marino, with a population of approximately 28 thousand, is a democratic, multiparty republic. The popularly elected parliament, the Great and General Council (GGC), selects two of its members to serve as Captains Regent (co-heads of state). They preside over meetings of the GGC and the cabinet (congress of state), which has no more than ten other members (secretaries of state) who the GGC also selects. The most recent parliamentary elections held in 2001 were free and fair. The civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces.
The government generally respected the human rights of its citizens, and the law and judiciary provide effective means of addressing individual instances of abuse.
Section 1 Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From:
a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life
There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings.
b. Disappearance
There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances.
c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
The law prohibits such practices, and there were no reports that government officials employed them.
Prison and Detection Center Conditions
Prison conditions generally met international standards, and the government permitted visits by independent human rights observers, but there were none during the year.
d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention
The law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, and the government generally observed these prohibitions.
Role of the Police and Security Apparatus
The Ministry of Interior controls the civil police, who are responsible for domestic security, traffic, and civil defense. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs controls the gendarmerie and the national guard, who are responsible for the protection of the national borders and the security of public buildings and who act in coordination with the civil police in the prevention of crime and the maintenance of public order.
The security forces are adequately staffed and effective in maintaining law and order. There were no reports of corruption involving members of the security forces. Impunity was not a problem. Investigations of police abuse are usually assigned to one of the three police forces not involved in the case. There were no instances where police failed to prevent or to respond to societal violence during the year.
Arrest and Detention
Suspects were apprehended openly with warrants based on sufficient evidence and issued by a duly authorized official. The law provides a detainee with the right to a prompt judicial determination of the legality of his detention, and the authorities generally respected this right in practice. There is a well functioning bail system. Detainees are allowed prompt access to family members and to a lawyer of their choice; the state provides legal assistance to indigent persons.
There were no reports of political detainees.
e. Denial of Fair Public Trial
The law provides for an independent judiciary, and the government generally respected this provision in practice.
The judiciary is composed of the commissioner of the law, the judging magistrate, the appellate judge, the juvenile court, and the judge of last appeal. The commissioner tries civil and penal cases with penalties not exceeding a three‑year sentence. The judging magistrates, who are appointed by parliament for a three-year term and can be indefinitely reappointed, preside over all other cases.
Reform legislation, enacted in 2004, no longer requires that the country's lower court judges be noncitizens; however, most lower court judges remained Italian citizens. A local conciliation judge handles cases of minor importance. Under the same reform, the final court of review is the judge of the last appeal. In civil matters, this judge confirms or overrules either the lower court judgment or an appellate decision; in criminal matters, he judges on the legitimacy of detention measures and on the enforcement of a judgment.
On April 28, a new act established the country's constitutional court with the following functions: 1) to verify that laws, acts, and traditions that are given the force of law conform to constitutional precepts; 2) to verify the admissibility of a referendum; 3) to decide on conflicts between constitutional institutions; 4) to control the activity of the Captains Regent. The court is composed of three standing judges and three alternate judges. They are selected by the GGC with a two-thirds majority to a four-year term. After the first selection one‑third of the members of the court are reselected every two years.
Trial Procedures
The law provides for the right to a fair trial, and an independent judiciary generally enforced this right. Trials are public and are presided over by a single judge. There are no provisions for a jury trial. Defendants have the right to be present and to consult with an attorney even during preliminary investigations. Defendants can confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. They have access to government‑held evidence relevant to their cases. They enjoy a presumption of innocence and have the right to two levels of appeal.
In case of legal actions against military personnel, a civil judge is temporarily given a military grade and assigned to an ad hoc military tribunal.
Political Prisoners
There were no reports of political prisoners.
f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence
The law prohibits such actions, and the government generally respected these prohibitions in practice.
Section 2 Respect for Civil Liberties, Including:
a. Freedom of Speech and Press
The law provides for freedom of speech and of the press, and the government generally respected these rights in practice and did not restrict academic freedom. An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combined to ensure freedom of speech and of the press.
b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association
The law provides for freedom of assembly and association, and the government generally respected these rights in practice.
c. Freedom of Religion
The law provides for freedom of religion, and the government generally respected this right in practice.
The Catholic Church receives direct benefits from the government through income tax revenues; taxpayers may request that 0.3 percent of their income tax payments be allocated to the Catholic Church or to "other" charities, including two religions (the Waldesian Church and Jehovah's Witnesses).
The government does not require official recognition, registration, or license for religious groups. However, it requires legal status for tax or other commercial purposes. While a concordat with the Holy See regulates relations with the Catholic Church, other religions, such as the Baha'is and Jehovah's Witnesses are included in a registry of cultural associations.
Societal Abuses and Discrimination
There were fewer than 12 Muslims and no known Jewish citizens in the country. During the year there were no reports of any violence or discrimination against religious minorities or anti‑Semitic acts.
For a more detailed discussion, see the 2005 International Religious Freedom Report.
d. Freedom of Movement within the Country, Foreign Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation
The law provides for these rights, and the government generally respected them in practice.
The law prohibits forced exile, and the government did not employ it.
Protection of Refugees
The law does not provide for the granting of asylum or refugee status in accordance with the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 protocol, but the government has a system for providing protection to refugees. In practice, the government provided protection against refoulement, the return of persons to a country where they feared persecution. The government may grant refugee status or asylum by an act of the cabinet. For humanitarian reasons, the government granted a year permit of stay to an Eritrean woman and her two children, which will expire in April 2006.
The government cooperated with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and other humanitarian organizations in assisting refugees and asylum seekers.
Section 3 Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government
The law provides citizens the right to change their government peacefully, and citizens exercised this right in practice through periodic, free, and fair elections held on the basis of universal suffrage.
Elections and Political Participation
Most recent elections held in 2001 were considered free and fair. The Christian Democratic Party (DCS) obtained 25 of the 60 Parliamentary seats and confirmed the government alliance with the Socialist Party (PSS), which won 14 seats. However, a period of political instability ensued, and several short-lived governments were elected through 2003, when the present large coalition government including the DCS, PSS, and the Party of Democrats, the third largest party with 12 parliamentary seats, was elected. The next general elections are expected to take place in April or May 2006.
There were nine women in the 60-seat parliament and one woman in the eight-seat cabinet.
There were no members of minorities in the government.
Government Corruption and Transparency
There were no reports of corruption by public officials during the year.
The law provides for public access to government activity and the government provides access for citizens and noncitizens through the GGC's Web site.
Section 4 Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights
There were no domestic human rights organizations, although the government does not restrict their formation. The government declared itself open to investigations of alleged human rights abuses by international nongovernmental organizations, but there were no known requests during the year.
Section 5 Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons
The law prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, disability, language, or social status, and the government effectively enforced it.
Violence against women, including spousal abuse, was rare. The law prohibits violence against women, and the government effectively enforced it. During the year there were no reports of violence against women. The penalty for spousal abuse is two to six years' imprisonment. In the case of aggravating circumstances the penalty is 4 to 10 years' imprisonment.
Rape was very rare. During the year there were no reports of rape. Rape, including spousal rape, is a criminal offense, and the government effectively prosecuted those accused of such crimes. The penalty for rape is two to six years' imprisonment. In the case of aggravating circumstances the penalty is 4 to 10 years' imprisonment.
Prostitution is not legal, and it was not common.
Sexual harassment is illegal, and the government effectively enforced the law. There were no reports of sexual harassment during the year.
Under the law, women enjoy the same rights as men, including rights under family law, property law, and in the judicial system. There was no economic discrimination against women in pay, employment, or working conditions. There is no special government office to ensure the legal rights of women.
The government was committed to children's rights and welfare.
Education is free until grade 13 (usually age 18) and compulsory until age 16. Most students continued in school until age 18. No differences were apparent in the treatment of girls and boys in education.
Medical services were amply funded, and boys and girls had equal access to health care.
Violence against or abuse of children was uncommon. There were no reported cases during the year; however, the judicial investigations of a 2003 case of sexual abuse by a father against his teenage adopted daughter and a similar sexual abuse crime committed in 2004 were ongoing at year's end.
Trafficking in Persons
The law does not prohibit trafficking in persons; however, there were no reports that persons were trafficked to, from, or within the country.
Persons with Disabilities
The law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or in the provision of other state services, and the government effectively enforced these provisions. There were no reports of societal discrimination against persons with disabilities. The ministry for territory has not fully implemented a law that mandates easier access to public buildings by persons with disabilities, and many buildings were inaccessible.
Section 6 Worker Rights
a. The Right of Association
By law all workers (except the armed forces) are free to form and join unions, and workers exercised this right in practice. The law sets the conditions to establish labor unions. Union members constituted approximately 50 percent of the country's non-self-employed work force, which numbered approximately 15 thousand citizens plus 5 thousand nonresident Italians. A "conciliatory committee" composed of representatives from labor, business, and government generally resolved complaints of antiunion discrimination amicably.
b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively
The law allows unions to conduct their activities without interference, and the government protected this right in practice. The law gives collective bargaining agreements the force of law. Negotiations were conducted freely, often in the presence of government officials by invitation from both unions and employer associations. All workers are under collective bargaining agreements. The law allows all civilian workers, including the civil police, the right to strike, and workers exercised this right by conducting legal strikes. There are no export processing zones.
c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor
The law prohibits forced or compulsory labor, including by children, and there were no reports that such practices occurred.
d. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment
The government effectively enforced the laws and policies to protect children from exploitation in the workplace. The minimum age for employment and compulsory education is 16, and no exceptions were granted by the Ministry of Labor and Cooperation. The law does not limit children between the ages of 16 and 18 from any type of legal work activity. The government devoted adequate resources and oversight to child labor policies, and the Ministry of Labor and Cooperation effectively enforced compliance with the law.
e. Acceptable Conditions of Work
The national minimum wage of approximately $8 (6.7 euros) per hour did not provide a decent standard of living for a worker and family. However, wages generally were higher than the minimum.
The law sets the workweek at 36 hours in the public sector, and 37½ hours for industry and private businesses, with 24 consecutive hours of rest per week mandated for workers in either category. The law requires a premium payment for overtime and allows a maximum of two hours of overtime per day. There was effective enforcement of laws and industry contracts that prohibit excessive compulsory overtime.
The government set safety and health standards, and the judicial system effectively enforced these standards. Most workplaces complied with the standards; however, there were some exceptions. The construction industry did not consistently abide by safety regulations, such as work hour limitations. However, on-the-job injuries declined due to stricter safety rules and more severe penalties for violations imposed by the government, in addition to improved training for the workforce. Workers have the right to remove themselves from situations that endanger health or safety without jeopardy to their employment, and the authorities effectively enforced this right.
Nearly one-quarter of the workforce is nonresident, commuting from nearby Italy. Two laws treat legal foreign workers differently from citizens of the country: the first prohibits indefinite employment status and the state grants a work permit that has to be renewed every 12 months. The second requires non-Italian foreign workers to obtain an Italian residence permit before they can apply for employment. In practice, these provisions limit unemployment benefits for foreigners to a period of less than 12 months.

subset: commoncrawl


text: ^$100 via Verizon Visa Prepaid Card issued by MetaBank®, member FDIC, pursuant to a license from Visa U.S.A. Inc. Use everywhere Visa debit cards are accepted. Must have service for 31 days with no past-due balance and register for the card within 60 days thereafter. Card mailed within 30 days of registration. Other card terms and conditions apply. Offer ends 10/31/18. Dallas, a modern metropolis in north Texas, is a commercial and cultural hub of the region. Downtown's Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza commemorates the site of President John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963. In the Arts District, the Dallas Museum of Art and the Crow Collection of Asian Art cover thousands of years of art. The sleek Nasher Sculpture Center showcases contemporary sculpture.


text:
We're pleased to introduce a new feature to the Common Ground website, the webzine. Now you can flip through the pages the same way you might our printed editions, which are otherwise only available in San Francisco Bay Area locations.
Simply click on the 'Current Issue' above, 'Back Issues' or any of the magazine covers above. We hope you will enjoy this new paperless alternative. Thanks for supporting Common Ground and its advertisers.
from the publisher
Subscribe to Common Ground Magazine Electronic Edition


text:
Finance Minister Jim Flaherty says leaders of the advanced economies should tone down their words when it comes to competitive currency devaluation.
"I am concerned with the escalation of 'currency war' rhetoric," Flaherty told G20 finance ministers meeting in Moscow Friday, saying it added to the "uncertainty that is holding back stronger growth."
"We must send a signal by being unequivocal and united in our support for market-determined exchange rates and our opposition to protectionism."
The meeting comes as G20 members accuse each other — and especially Japan — of trying to lower the value of the yen to stimulate its economy and get a competitive edge over other countries.
Yen falls
Japan, the world's third-largest economy, saw the yen fall to a 21-month low against the U.S. dollar this week and a near three-year trough against the euro.
Japan is trying to pull out of the economic malaise that followed the 2008 financial collapse.
Earlier this week, the volatility in the currency markets prompted the Group of Seven leading industrial nations, which includes Canada, the U.S., Germany, Britain, France, Italy and Japan, to warn that volatile movements in exchange rates could adversely hit the global economy and to reaffirm their commitment to market-driven exchange rates.
On Friday, the yen strengthened ahead of the G20 meeting, with analysts expecting pressure to be exerted on Japan's finance minister and central banker to at least commit to not allow the yen to fall much more.
Russian President Vladimir Putin also called in a speech for the ministers to consider the political and social implications of their crucial policy steps.
Putin said financial authorities around the world should be mindful of political consequences as well as social implications on "various groups of the society" that many financial decisions lead to.


text: Here's a photo from Down The Line that shows Washington Kastles hard-on Justin Gimbelstob admiring Anna Kournikova's newly-inflated kaploogas at a recent World Team Tennis match in Washington D.C. Gimbelstob, as you may remember, not-so-famously said that Kournikova was a "bitch" and that he "despised her." Now, he's apologized for those comments, but Kournikova still thinks he's a (paraphrasing) classless cock-faced demon. Anyway, that's all for today. Be well tonight, please come back tomorrow for more sportsy-oriented web stuffing. Thank you for continuing to eyeball Deadspin. Gimelstob apologizes, Anna mutters, Saga over [DC Sports Bog]


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LOS ANGELES, July 15 (UPI) -- Kirstie Alley is angry with another U.S. actress, Leah Remini,for leaving the Church of Scientology, The Huffington Post reported.
Remini released a statement last week confirming she had left the church and thanking her friends for their support.
Although she didn't disclose her reasons for her departure, the New York Post said she had been interrogated and intimidated by church officials after questioning their practices.
Alley posted several Twitter messages, which appear to express her feelings about Remini's decision.
"When faced w malicious gossip I take a moment to experience the loss of the person I thought was my friend... Then I say [expletive] ..:) #RISE" Alley tweeted July 10.
She also tweeted, "the sweetest poison is often served with a smile...beware syrup."
"Our sources tell us that Alley worked the phones that day, raising a stink with the personnel at the Hollywood Celebrity Centre -- what were church officials going to do about Remini's defection?" Scientology journalist and former Village Voice editor Tony Ortega said in a blog posting about the day news broke that Remini was leaving the church. "A meeting was called for Alley and other celebrities to get a briefing from church executives about what was going on and what they planned to do about it."


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The chaos at the second anniversary of the Tahrir Square uprising is only the latest and most vivid illustration that Egypt's revolution is going off the rails. It has revived talk about the failure of the Arab Spring and even some nostalgia for the old order. But Arab dictators such as Hosni Mubarak could not have held onto power without even greater troubles; look at Syria. Events in the Middle East the past two years underscore that constitutions are as vital as elections and that good leadership is crucial in these transitions.
Compare the differences between Egypt and Jordan. At the start of the Arab Spring, it appeared that Egypt had responded to the will of its people, had made a clean break with its tyrannical past and was ushering in a new birth of freedom. Jordan, by contrast, responded with a few personnel changes, some promises to study the situation and talk of reform.
But then Egypt started going down the wrong path, and Jordan made a set of wise choices.
Put simply, Egypt chose democratization before liberalization. Elections became the most important element of the new order, used in legitimizing the new government, electing a president and ratifying the new constitution. As a result, the best organized force in Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood, swept into power, even though, on the first ballot, only 25 percent of voters chose its presidential nominee, Mohamed Morsi. The Brotherhood was also able to dominate the drafting of the constitution. The document had many defects, including its failure to explicitly protect women's rights — only four of the constitutional assembly's 85 members were women — and language that seems to enshrine the traditional "character" of the Egyptian family. It also weakens protections for religious minorities such as the Bahais, who already face persecution.
Some of its provisions ban blasphemy and insult and allow for media censorship in the name of national security. These are all ways to give the government unlimited powers, which the Muslim Brotherhood has used. More journalists have been persecuted for insulting Morsi in his six-month presidency than during the nearly 30-year reign of Mubarak. In November, Morsi declared that his presidential decrees were above judicial review.
In Jordan, by contrast, the king did not rush to hold elections (and was widely criticized for his deliberate pace). Instead, he appointed a council to propose changes to the constitution. The members consulted many people in Jordan and in the West to determine how to make the country's political system more democratic and inclusive. A series of important changes were approved in September 2011. They transferred some of the king's powers to parliament and established an independent commission to administer elections and a court to oversee the constitutionality of legislation.
The commission recently got its first use. The election was boycotted by Jordan's Muslim Brotherhood on the grounds that the changes were too small and that power still resided with the king. But 70 percent of eligible voters registered, and 56 percent turned out at the polls, the highest turnout in the region. Many critics of the king and government were elected; 12 percent of the winners were opposition Islamist candidates. Thanks to a quota the commission set, 12 percent of the new parliament's members are female. King Abdullah II retains ultimate authority, but the new system is clearly a step in the transition to a constitutional monarchy.
Morocco has taken the same route as Jordan. It enacted constitutional reforms in 2011. In the elections that followed, Morocco's Islamist Party won 107 of the 395 seats in parliament and formed a government. The head of this government, Abdelilah Benkirane, while a feisty critic of the West, has also spoken firmly about protecting the rights of minorities, explicitly including Jews, who he noted have lived in Morocco for centuries and are an integral part of the country.
The Arab world's two largest experiments in democracy, Iraq and Egypt, have, unfortunately, poor choices in common. Both placed elections ahead of constitutions and popular participation ahead of individual rights. Both have had as their first elected leaders strongmen with Islamist backgrounds who have no real dedication to liberal democracy. The results have been the establishment of "illiberal democracy" in Iraq and the danger of a similar system in Egypt.
The best role models for the region might well be two small monarchies. Jordan and Morocco have gone the opposite route, making measured reforms and liberalizing their existing systems. The monarchies have chosen evolution over revolution. So far, it seems the better course.
Read more from Fareed Zakaria's archive, follow him on Twitter or subscribe to his updates on Facebook.


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This category contains offical tools created by Bohemia Interactive. These tools are provided to the community under the terms that allows free use of the tools for any non commercial purposes. Any commercial use of the tools is strictly prohibited without permission from BI.
If you want Bohemia Interactive's proprietary tools and technology for a commercial purposes (including but not limited to using it for military training) you're not allowed to use these tools.
You must agree to the terms of End User License Agreement for BI's Tools before using any of the tools.
The BI community have created some decent tools that have extended features not found in the BI tools. For a listing of community made tools see OFP: Community Tools and ArmA: Community Tools.
This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total.
- ► ArmA 2: Official Tools (12 P)
- ► Arma 3: Official Tools (1 C, 36 P)
- ► ArmA: Community Tools (1 C, 14 P)
- ► ArmA: Official Tools (31 P)
- ► Carrier Command: Official Tools (3 P)
- ► DayZ:Tools (2 P)
Pages in category "Tools"
The following 58 pages are in this category, out of 58 total.


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After an absence of over ten years, Exeter is taking part in this year's prestigious competition. Judging in Exeter started this morning (Tuesday 8 July) before the results are announced in Trowbridge on 18 September.
In April, the Chairman of RHS Britain in Bloom South West, Jon Wheatley, said he was "delighted" to welcome Exeter back to the competition. Exeter was one of the 'highlight' cities when the competition started 50 years ago and although it has been absent from the main category event for over a decade, its return this year has delighted the organisers.
Cllr Keith Owen, Exeter City Council's Lead Councillor for Environment, Health & Wellbeing, said he was excited at the prospect of the judging stage: "A lot of hard work has gone into this bid. Our parks staff have been working diligently, attending to the blooms and I am very grateful for the work of Exeter Parks Watch who have devoted so much time and effort in getting involved in this initiative."
Sue Lawrence, Chair of Exeter Parks Watch, said: "This is the 50th anniversary of South West in Bloom so it's a significant moment for the city and University to be jointly hosting the judges with us this year. And to mark our re-entry, Exeter Parks Watch have provided a 12-foot model of 'Gerald the Golden Giraffe' which will feature in the South West in Bloom Show Garden at Hampton Court opening on Tuesday 8 July. 'Golden Gerald' will be Standing Tall for Exeter!"
Iain Park, Director of Grounds at the University of Exeter said: "We are really pleased to be able to support the city of Exeter in its bid to win a coveted RHS award. Participation in the competition enhances the outdoor environment for everyone living, working and studying in Exeter and the University has an important role to play in this as it is a popular destination for visitors, tourists and residents alike."
The decision to take part in Britain in Bloom SW Main Competition follows the outstanding results achieved last year by the 14 community groups across the city who entered the smaller 'It's Your Neighbourhood' category, which enables community groups to celebrate the green spaces - parks, allotments, cemeteries, traffic islands - in their own area which they have helped to maintain, plant and keep clean.
This category, independent of the main competition for the city itself and assessed separately, had more than 500 entries from across the South West Region last year and it is anticipated the number of entries for this year will reach 600. Last year, awards for these groups were presented to Exeter Parks Watch members at a superb celebratory event held at Truro Cathedral last September which paid tribute to the commitment and creativity of the participating members. (A list of Award Winners and full details can be found at www.exeterparkswatch.org Click on 'RHS'.)
This year more than 20 groups from Exeter have entered 'It's Your Neighbourhood' and they will be assessed later this month. These groups also form community 'villages' in the city and include St Thomas, St David's, St James and Pennsylvania who will achieve a 'Village' designation. Given the number of Exeter entries this year, Exeter Parks Watch will be laying on a coach to take all award winners, with Exeter's Lord Mayor, to Trowbridge to celebrate their success in September.
Member since: 10th July 2012
Hi, I am Dave, I run thebestof Exeter along with my colleagues. If you want to promote your business or event, get in touch with us on 01392 349 130.


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2014 Ram TrucksPosted in Vehicle Reviews on February 17, 2014
Without question, Ram has a lot to talk about for the 2014 model year. The 1500 and 2500/3500 platforms are carried over from 2013, but have seen significant engine and suspension changes, including a new Ram 1500EcoDiesel -- the first new half-ton diesel truck the United States has seen in many years. Body styling has remained much the same, but little and big additions have made these Ram trucks the most capable to date, with the most power, the best fuel economy, and the highest tow rating.
Ram 1500
While the 5.7L Hemi V-8 (395hp, 410lb-ft of torque) and 3.6L V-6 Pentastar (305hp, 269lb-ft of torque) still remain viable powerplant options, the big news is the new EcoDiesel 3.0L V-6 engine. The new EcoDiesel puts out 240hp and 420lb-ft of torque to a new ZF 8HP70 eight-speed automatic transmission (also available in select Hemi trucks) that helps even a 4x4 Quad cab truck achieve a rated 25mpg (though, we saw more than 26mpg on windy canyon roads).
The suspension consists of an A-arm front and rear five-link solid live axle rear that was carried over from the prior year. Buyers can opt to trade steel springs for electronically controlled air bags if so desired.
And for the first time ever, a front park assist system is available on a Ram fullsize truck, just in case you can't park the truck by yourself. Things have certainly changed since Dodge turned the truck world on its head in 1994.
Ram Heavy Duty
The Heavy Duty line's new features may take a backseat to the news of a new half-ton diesel, but these features are quite significant to the off-road world. First, the five-link on the front of the Ram is gone (as of the '13 model). It's been exchanged for a radius arm design that improves tow capacity. And for the first time on any 2500 4x4, a five-link-and-coil-spring rear suspension give unparalleled control and a smooth ride.
In the 3500 platform, it has achieved a 30,000-pound maximum towing capacity thanks to the new three-link front, the tried-and-true rear Hotchkiss leaf spring rear, an improved frame, and powertrain beefing.
The Cummins diesel engine is back with 850lb-ft of torque to continue its reign as the ultimate tow monster. But the Hemi has grown and now comes in a 6.4L size that puts out 410hp and 430lb-ft of torque, making it best-in-class powerhouse among gasoline-powered trucks.


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c701 - Biochemistry (Integrated Master's) MSci
Biochemistry (Integrated Master's) MSci Honours
UCAS Code: C701 (full time: 4 Years)
Course Overview
If you are interested in a research career in biochemistry, this Integrated Master's degree equips you with the advanced practical skills and knowledge you'll need.
At a Glance
UCAS Code
UCAS Institution Name and Code
Degree Awarded
MSci Honours
Course Duration
4 Years
Entry Requirements
A Level: AAA-AAB
IB:34-35 points
This MSci degree is similar in content to our Biochemistry BSc Honours degree, but it includes a fourth year of study at Master's level.
This helps you develop advanced practical and academic skills needed for your future career.
The fourth year comprises an extended laboratory-based research project, to advance your research skills to a professional level. It also includes Master's-level modules selected from an extensive list offered by our Research Institutes (including Ageing and Health, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, and Cancer Studies).
This gives you the opportunity to work alongside our world-leading experts and experience specialist facilities.
Professional accreditation*Professional accreditation*
This degree has advanced accreditation by the Royal Society of Biology (RSB).
Accreditation by the RSB recognises academic excellence in the biosciences that educates the research and development leaders and innovators of the future.
*All professional accreditations are reviewed regularly by their professional body.
Study at the cutting edgeStudy at the cutting edge
Scientists working in biomedicine are at the forefront of medical developments that can save lives.
By studying one of our degrees, you're taking your first step towards a rewarding career in science.
We'll make sure you get the best start by providing expert teaching at the cutting edge of the subject.
We're a National Centre of Excellence in biomedical research and our world-leading expert staff teach at all levels on our degree programmes.
This means you graduate with the latest knowledge in human health and disease.
Boost your employability with a professional placement yearBoost your employability with a professional placement year
Apply to spend 9 to 12 months on an optional work placement between Stages 2 and 3. You can apply to spend your placement year with any organisation and will receive University support to do so.
You'll gain first-hand experience of working in the sector, putting your learning into practice and developing your professional expertise.
It will extend your degree by a year and is subject to availability, however it isn't available if you're spending a year studying abroad.
Find out more about Work Placements.
Get work experience whilst you studyGet work experience whilst you study
We provide lots of work experience opportunities here at the University, to help you boost your employability alongside your studies.
Options include:
- vacation studentship opportunities in one of the University's research laboratories
- paid part-time work in one of our research institutes through our Laboratory Assistant scheme
- employability ambassador scheme
- student mentoring scheme
The University has an award-winning Careers Service. They can help you find suitable work, provide interview training and offer advice on your CV and application forms.
Develop advanced research skillsDevelop advanced research skills
In your third year you complete a research project on a topic that interests you.
This gives you practical experience of planning and conducting research, boosting your CV with desirable research skills.
Most students do their project work in one of our research institutes.
Here, you're working alongside leading scientists. You'll develop advanced scientific skills and get an insight into a career as a researcher.
Your project may be:
- a laboratory project in one of our internationally rated research institutes
- a laboratory project in a research laboratory abroad
- a clinical study under the supervision of one of the medically qualified staff working within our Faculty
- a project with a local school or college
- an IT-based project
In your final year, you complete an extended laboratory-based research project. This extends across the whole of your fourth year, giving you sustained and in-depth experience of laboratory research.
Study abroadStudy abroad
If you want to experience life in another country, you can work or study abroad as part of your degree.
A year abroad boosts your CV, your confidence and your communication skills. It shows employers you embrace new experiences and gives you intercultural awareness.
We have partners across Europe and in North America, Australia and Singapore. You can study abroad at a partner university or take a summer placement in a research laboratory overseas.
Transfer to Medicine or DentistryTransfer to Medicine or Dentistry
There is flexibility to transfer between our degree programmes at the end of the first year if you find your interests change.
You can also apply to transfer to our Medicine or Dentistry degree. This opportunity is open to UK, EU and international students. It is competitive, with a limited number of places available. Students are selected on the basis of academic performance in the first year, a UKCAT score, a personal statement and, if shortlisted, an interview.
You'll be based in the School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences. The School is in the Faculty of Medical Sciences, which is also home to Dentistry, Medicine, Psychology and Pharmacy.
Situated next to Newcastle's RVI hospital, we're one of the largest integrated teaching/hospital complexes in the country.
Our facilities include:
- a dedicated medical library with a wide range of specialist books and journals
- large teaching laboratories
- hi-tech computer clusters and study spaces
Newcastle's vibrant city centre is just a few minutes' walk away.
Visit the School's website to watch videos by undergraduates who have recorded their experiences working in our labs and find out what former students have done since graduating.
Support and settling inSupport and settling in
We provide plenty of support to help you successfully move from school to university study. We'll help you settle in quickly and are here if you have any issues.
We support you through:
- a personal tutor – a member of academic staff who can help with academic and personal issues
- a peer mentor – a fellow student who can help you settle in and answer any questions you have
- specialised course advisers and tutors - who operate an open door policy for all students
- our student-run society – to help you make friends with your course mates through social events
Modules for 2019 entry
Please note
The module and/or programme information below is for 2019 entry. Our teaching is informed by research and modules change periodically to reflect developments in the discipline, the requirements of external bodies and partners, student feedback, or insufficient numbers of students interested (in an optional module). To find out more read our terms and conditions.
Module/programme information for 2020 entry will be published here as soon as it is available (end of May 2020).
Our degrees are divided into Stages. Each Stage lasts for an academic year and you need to complete modules totalling 120 credits by the end of each Stage. Further information, including the credit value of the module, is available in each of the module descriptions below.
What you will studyWhat you will study
Flexible degree structure
All of our Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences degrees are divided into two phases. Phase 1 is shared by all of our degrees and provides a broad introduction to biomolecular sciences, while Phase 2 provides specialist topics relating to your individual degree choice.
This flexible structure gives you the chance to try a broad range of topics, helping you to see where your interests in biomedical sciences lie before you specialise.
You can change between our degrees at the end of Year 1 if you wish.
Phase 1
All of your first year, and the first half of your second year.
We introduce you to biomolecular sciences through a series of modules covering:
- cell biology
- biochemistry
- microbiology and immunology
- genetics
- pharmacology
- physiology
- practical skills in biomedical and biomolecular science
- Phase 2
The second half of your second year and the remainder of your degree.
This phase is specific to the individual degree that you choose. On our Biochemistry MSci degree, you study topics such as:
- DNA replication, recombination and repair
- genetics of signalling and the cell cycle
- proteins and enzymes
- protein analysis
- protein trafficking and biological membranes
- biochemistry of cancer and chronic diseases
- biochemistry of gene expression
- applied and integrated biochemistry
You also complete a research project in an area linked to your degree that interests you.
In third year, you'll select one of the following modules, designed to boost your professional skills in an employment area that we know many of our graduates progress to:
- Business Enterprise for the Bioscientist
- Healthcare Organisation and Practice
- Science Communication
- Research in Biochemistry and Genetics
- Bioethics
- Bioinformatics
Final year
You complete a fourth year of advanced study at Master's level.
This is designed to give students interested in a career in research more in-depth experience in the laboratory environment.
You will complete a year-long research project in an area linked to your degree that interests you. You will also choose 40 credits available from a range of Master's level modules.
Although you're studying modules at Master's level, undergraduate fees and funding still apply for this final year.
Stage 1
Compulsory modules
- BGM1002 Biochemistry
- BGM1004 Genetics
- CMB1003 Microbiology and Immunology
- CMB1004 Cell Biology
- CMB1005 Practical Skills in Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences 1
- CMB1006 Practical Skills in Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences 2
- PED1003 Pharmacology
- PSC1002 Physiology
Stage 2
Compulsory modules
- BGM2002 Biochemistry and Genetics of Signalling and the Cell Cycle
- BGM2056 DNA Replication, Recombination and Repair
- BGM2062 Advanced Protein Analysis
- BGM2060 Proteins and Enzymes
- BGM2061 Protein Trafficking and Biological Membranes
- CMB2000 Essential Biomedical Research Skills
- CMB2001 Control of Eukaryotic Gene Expression
- CMB2004 Cell and Molecular Biology of the Immune System
Work Placement (optional)
You can apply to spend 9 to 12 months on an optional work placement between Stages 2 and 3. You can apply to spend your placement year with any organisation and will receive University support to do so. It will extend your degree by a year and is subject to availability. It isn't available if you're spending a year studying abroad. Find out more on about Work Placements.
You take NCL3000 Careers Service Placement Year Module or BMS3030 Professional Placement Year.
Stage 3
Compulsory modules
You take one of the following compulsory project modules:
- CMB3001 Research Design Project
- CMB3002 Research Project for Exchange Students
- CMB3004 Research Project for Stage 3 MSci Students
You take the following compulsory modules:
- BGM3057 Integrated Biochemistry
- BGM3063 Biochemistry of Gene Expression
- BGM3064 Applied Biochemistry
- BGM3065 Biochemistry of Cancer and Chronic Diseases
Optional modules
You select one module from:
- BGM3046 Research in Biochemistry and Genetics
- BMS3003 Business Enterprise for the Bioscientist
- BMS3015 Healthcare Organisation and Practice
- BMS3016 Science Communication
- BMS3022 Bioethics
- BMS3025 Bioinformatics
Stage 4
Compulsory modules
Optional modules
You choose your remaining 40 credits from a range of Master's-level modules.
Guide to Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences at NewcastleGuide to Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences at Newcastle
Not sure which degree is right for you? Find out a bit more about our different subject areas below.
Remember, all our degrees share the same Phase 1, so you can transfer to a different degree if you find your interests change (up until the end of Phase 1).
Biomedical Sciences
Modern medicine depends on the advances made by scientists working in the biomedical sciences. You'll study anatomy, biochemistry, genetics, immunology, microbiology, neuroscience, pharmacology and physiology. This multidisciplinary approach helps us understand disease processes and find new treatments for diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease and TB.
- Biomedical Sciences BSc Honours (B940)
- Biomedical Sciences (Integrated Master's) MSci Honours (B900)
Biochemistry is the study of life at the molecular level. You'll study how genes and proteins regulate cells, tissues and whole organisms like you. Have you wondered what causes diseases such as cancer and diabetes? Would you like to help develop new drug treatments? Biochemistry provides the key to understanding how diseases arise and can be treated.
Biomedical Genetics
DNA is the genetic 'blueprint' that ensures the continuity of life from parent to offspring. Genetics is the study of how DNA is transmitted between generations. And how it's decoded to determine our individual characteristics. We have a strong research and teaching reputation in this field. The Institute of Genetic Medicine plays a major role in our degree programme.
- Biomedical Genetics BSc Honours (B901)
- Biomedical Genetics (Integrated Master's) MSci Honours (B903)
Medical Science
Do you enjoy biology? Are you interested in the biomedical or biomolecular aspects of the subject? Want to study these further at university? If you are not quite sure which area will suit you best, the Medical Science (Deferred Choice) programme could be ideal for you. It allows you to study the common first year before deciding which subject area to specialise in at later stages.
Pharmacology involves the study of the action of drugs on the body and vice-versa. An understanding of drugs and their actions allows us to use them safely and effectively. It is thanks to pharmacologists that you can take an aspirin when you get a headache or have an anaesthetic when the dentist gives you a filling.
Physiological Sciences
Physiology is the study of how the body functions. Physiologists study the processes essential to human life such as breathing, digesting food and sensing the world around us. You'll focus on human physiology, which underpins our understanding of how the body works in health and disease.
Teaching and assessmentTeaching and assessment
You'll learn through a combination of lectures, practical laboratory classes and small group seminars.
You also have the chance to attend optional research talks, aimed especially at first-year students, as part of our biomedicine+ programme.
Assessment is by examinations and coursework assignments. These include:
- practical assessments
- seminar tasks
- written work
Teaching and assessment methods may vary from module to module.
All candidates are considered on an individual basis.
If your qualifications are not listed here, please see our additional entry requirements web pages to find out which other qualifications are considered.
The entrance requirements below apply to 2020 entry.
A LevelsA Levels
AAA-AAB including Biology or Chemistry, plus at least one from: Mathematics or Further Mathematics; Physics; Psychology; Biology; or Chemistry. General Studies, Use of Mathematics, World Development, Communication and Culture and Critical Thinking not accepted. GCSE Chemistry, Biology or Combined Science (minimum grade A or 7) required if Biology and Chemistry are not offered at A or AS level.
Scottish QualificationsScottish Qualifications
AAAAA-AAABB at Higher Grade including Biology and Chemistry. Combinations of Highers and Advanced Highers accepted.
Scottish qualifications can be taken in more than one sitting.
International BaccalaureateInternational Baccalaureate
34-35 points with Biology or Chemistry and another science at Higher Level grade 5 or above. We regard Mathematics, Physics, Psychology, Biology and Chemistry as acceptable science subjects. Standard Level Chemistry and Biology required at grade 5 if not offered at Higher Level.
Irish Leaving CertificateIrish Leaving Certificate
H1H1H1H1H2 at Higher Level, including Biology and Chemistry.
Access QualificationsAccess Qualifications
45 level 3 credits at Distinction including 15 credits in biology and 15 credits in chemistry.
Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma/OCR Cambridge Technical Level 3 Extended DiplomaPearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma/OCR Cambridge Technical Level 3 Extended Diploma
Not acceptable for entry to this subject.
Cambridge Pre-UCambridge Pre-U
D3, D3, D3 - D3, D3, M2 in Principal Subjects including Biology or Chemistry plus at least one from: Mathematics or Further Mathematics; Physics; Psychology; Biology; or Chemistry. GCSE Chemistry, Biology or Combined Science (minimum grade A or 7) required if Biology and Chemistry are not offered as Principal Subject.
Extended Project QualificationExtended Project Qualification
We welcome applications from students offering an Extended Project and value the skills of research and independent learning that it is designed to develop. If you offer an Extended Project, it will be taken into account as part of your application profile, but we will not usually include it in offer conditions for this degree programme.
PARTNERS - A LevelsPARTNERS - A Levels
BBB including Biology or Chemistry, plus at least one from: Mathematics or Further Mathematics; Physics; Psychology; Biology; or Chemistry. General Studies, Use of Mathematics, World Development, Communication and Culture and Critical Thinking not accepted. GCSE Chemistry, Biology or Combined Science (minimum grade A or 7) required if Biology and Chemistry are not offered at A or AS level.
The PARTNERS Programme is Newcastle University's supported entry route for students from schools and colleges in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Find out more about the PARTNERS Programme.
PARTNERS - Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma/OCR Cambridge Technical Level 3 Extended DiplomaPARTNERS - Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma/OCR Cambridge Technical Level 3 Extended Diploma
Not acceptable for entry to this subject.
The PARTNERS Programme is Newcastle University's supported entry route for students from schools and colleges in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Find out more about the PARTNERS Programme.
PARTNERS - Scottish QualificationsPARTNERS - Scottish Qualifications
BBBBB at Higher Grade including Biology and Chemistry. Mathematics and English required at National 5, minimum grade B (or grade 2 Standard Grade or Intermediate 2 equivalent) if not offered at Higher Grade. Where a candidate bypasses the assessment for National 5 qualifications, a minimum of grade C in the Higher in Mathematics and English is required. Combinations of Highers and Advanced Highers accepted.
Scottish qualifications can be taken in more than one sitting.
The PARTNERS Programme is Newcastle University's supported entry route for students from schools and colleges in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Find out more about the PARTNERS Programme.
English Language RequirementsEnglish Language Requirements
Applicants whose first language is not English require a minimum score of IELTS 6.5 or equivalent including 6.0 in each of the four elements of the test.
If you need help to meet our English Language requirements, we can provide support with extra tuition.
Read more about UK visas and immigration requirements.
Other International QualificationsOther International Qualifications
ABB at A level is typically the minimum required for entry to an undergraduate course. You can check the equivalent grades for qualifications offered in your country.
We will also consider your application if you have lower or non-standard qualifications.
International Foundation ProgrammesInternational Foundation Programmes
If you are an international student and you do not meet the academic and English language requirements specified above, you should consider a preparation course at INTO Newcastle University, which will help to prepare you for study on this degree course. INTO Newcastle University is based on the University campus and offers a range of courses including the International Foundation in Biological and Biomedical Sciences.
Undergraduate Admissions Policy
See our Admissions Policy (PDF: 71 KB).
Careers in Biomedical Science
97% of graduates from the school of Biomedical Science were employed or in further study within 6 months of graduating, with an average salary of £20,124*
There is a great demand for graduates in the biomedical and biomolecular sciences within the health services and industry, particularly leading or working as part of research teams, and many of our students choose this career path.
Engaging with Industry
Throughout your studies there will be many opportunities to engage with industry including:
- Site visits
- Guest lectures
- Employability Fairs
- Industrial placements
- Internships
- Advice from Industry
We develop our students' employability with:
- Access to our award winning careers service
- Year-long industrial placements
- Summer placements
- Internship opportunities
- Opportunities for part time work with JobsOC
- SOLAR - a student led outreach group teaching school children science
- Emploability ambassador roles
- Opportunities to volunteer via Go Volunteer
- Opportunities to participate in clinical work shadowing
- Mock interviews
- CV interviews
- Careers clinics
- Assistance with applying to medicine/dentistry
When you graduate
Sectors employing bioscientists include:
- Pharmaceuticals
- Biotechnology
- Universities
- Management
- Finance
- Patent Law
- Chemical
- Cosmetics and toiletries
- Food and Drink
- Scientific writing
- Research and development
- Teaching
In addition, with a biosciences-related degree you could undertake scientific, medical, veterinary and agricultural research in universities and research institutes. Hospital and public health laboratories also employ a large number of bioscientists.
A large proportion of our graduates choose to take a further degree either a Medical, Masters, PhD or teaching qualification, before embarking on permanent employment.
What our Alumni say
"The opportunities afforded by doing the MSci gave me a fantastic taste of research and helped me realise it was the career path for me." Dr Alex Egan - Research Associate
"My degree allowed me to sample several different scientific areas, providing me with a broad understanding, before I specialised in an area I thoroughly enjoyed. This has lead me down the path of molecular biology and ultimately to my current research and development position working in the pharmaceutical industry." - Dr Lauren Drage - Development Scientist at GSK
"The School of Biomedical Sciences gave me the foundation needed for my PhD. From lab practicals, to the summer placement, to the final year project, I was provided with many opportunities to test first hand if research was the correct path for me." - Siobhan Lister - PhD student
Companies that our graduates work for include:
- GlaxoSmithKline Plc
- Bupa
- Fujifilm Diosynth
- Universities worldwide
- Small and Large pharma/biotech
Find out more about the career options for Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences from Prospects: The UK's Official Careers Website.
*Destination of Leavers of Higher Education (DLHE) data 2015/16
What our graduates go on to do: employment and further study choices
See what our recent graduates went on to do and view graduate destinations statistics. These statistics are based on what graduates were doing on a specific date, approximately six months after graduation. Take a look at the most recent data available for our graduates.
The destination data is available in varying levels, beginning with the University and moving through Faculty and School down to individual course reports. This final level may give you some useful ideas about possible options after your course or a course you are considering.
Careers and employability at Newcastle
Newcastle University consistently has one of the best records for graduate employment in the UK.
96% of our 2017 UK-domiciled UG/PG graduates progressed to employment or further study within six months of graduating.
85.5% of our graduates are in graduate level employment or further study within six months of graduating.
We provide an extensive range of opportunities to all students through an initiative called ncl+. This enables you to develop personal, employability and enterprise skills and to give you the edge in the employment market after you graduate.
Our award-winning Careers Service is one of the largest and best in the country, and we have strong links with employers.
Tuition Fees (UK students)Tuition Fees (UK students)
2020 entry:
For programmes where you can spend a year on a work placement or studying abroad, you will receive a significant fee reduction for that year.
Some of our degrees involve additional costs which are not covered by your tuition fees.
Please note:
- The maximum fee that we are permitted to charge for UK students is set by the UK government.
- As a general principle, you should expect the tuition fee to increase in each subsequent academic year of your course, subject to government regulations on fee increases and in line with inflation.
- See more information on all aspects of student finance relating to Newcastle University.
Tuition Fees (EU students)Tuition Fees (EU students)
2020 entry:
£9,250 You will pay the same tuition fees as UK students for the duration of your course.
For programmes where you can spend a year on a work placement or studying abroad, you will receive a significant fee reduction for that year.
Some of our degrees involve additional costs which are not covered by your tuition fees.
Please note:
- As a general principle, you should expect the tuition fee to increase in each subsequent academic year of your course, subject to government regulations on fee increases and in line with inflation.
- See more information on all aspects of student finance relating to Newcastle University.
Tuition Fees (International students)Tuition Fees (International students)
2020 entry*:
*Please note:
- You will be charged tuition fees for each year of your degree programme (unless you are on a shorter exchange programme).
- The tuition fee amount you will pay may increase slightly year on year as a result of inflation.
- If you spend a year on placement or studying abroad as part of your degree you may pay a reduced fee for that year.
- See more information on all aspects of student finance relating to Newcastle University.
Scholarships and Financial Support (UK students)Scholarships and Financial Support (UK students)
You may be eligible for one of a range of Newcastle University Scholarships in addition to government financial support.
Scholarships and Financial Support (EU students)Scholarships and Financial Support (EU students)
You may be eligible for one of a range of Newcastle University Scholarships in addition to government financial support.
Scholarships and Financial Support (International students)Scholarships and Financial Support (International students)
We offer a range of scholarships to eligible international students:
- Vice-Chancellor's International Scholarships
- Vice-Chancellor's Excellence Scholarships
- Vice-Chancellor's Global Scholarships
We also offer International Family Discounts which are available for all international students with a close family member who has graduated from or is now studying at Newcastle University.
Newcastle University offers Sanctuary Scholarships for eligible undergraduate students (excludes MBBS and BDS students) from asylum-seeker and refugee backgrounds.
Some of our subject scholarships and sports scholarships are also available for international students.
Applying to Newcastle University through UCAS
To apply for undergraduate study at Newcastle you must use the online application system managed by the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS).
UCAS codes for Newcastle University
- institution name - NEWC
- institution code - N21
UCAS buzzword
Ask your teacher or adviser from your school or college for the UCAS buzzword. You need the buzzword when you register on the Apply system. This makes it clear which school or college you are applying from.
All UK schools and colleges and a small number of EU and international establishments are registered with UCAS.
If you are applying independently, or are applying from a school or college which is not registered to manage applications, you will still use the Apply system. You will not need a buzzword.
Making your application
On the UCAS website you can also find out more about:
- application deadlines and other important dates
- offers and tracking your application
Application decisions and enquiries
Find out more about our admissions process and who to contact if you need help with your application.


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