text:
Format String Vulnerabilities in Perl Programs Dec 02 2005 08:56AM
Steven M. Christey (coley mitre org)
Format String Vulnerabilities in Perl Programs
Author: Steve Christey
Date: December 2, 2005
Table of Contents
1. Synopsis
2. Relevant History and Credits
3. Attack and Impact Details
4. Some Discussion on Format Strings and the Taint Checker
5. Real-World Vulnerable Program Examples
6. Avoiding Format String Vulnerabilities During Development
7. Suggestions for Further Research
8. Demonstration Programs
9. References
10. Disclosure History
1. Synopsis
Format string vulnerabilities in C programs have been studied
extensively in recent years. The focus has been on the execution of
arbitrary code, although other effects are possible.
For many other programming languages, format string vulnerabilities
are also possible. Given the lack of attention to other languages, it
is highly likely that a large number of applications have these issues
even when they have been audited for other types of vulnerabilities.
For any language that supports format strings, applications that are
written in that language could be subject to format string
vulnerabilities. The impact is specific to the behaviors that are
supported by the format strings, and their interaction with language
In recent days, Jack Louis of Dyad Security reported on a format
string issue in a Webmin application that is written in Perl
(CVE-2005-3912). He further showed how a problem in the Perl
interpreter itself could allow modification of memory and code
execution in vulnerable apps (CVE-2005-3962).
This paper focuses on format string vulnerabilities at the application
level. It must be emphasized that even if the interpreter problem is
fixed, the impact of format string vulnerabilities will only be
reduced, not completely eliminated.
Excluding problems within the interpreter itself, Perl application
format string vulnerabilities can allow denials of service (primarily
memory or disk consumption), information leaks, and modification of
program variables in ways that may have security implications.
In particular, the sprintf() and printf() functions in Perl can be
abused if an attacker can control the contents of the format string.
Since similar functions are used in C, it is possible that these
functions will be used more frequently by C programmers who are new to
It should be noted that Perl's taint checker does not catch some
variants of format string attacks. The behavior differs in Perl 5.004
and 5.6.1 (5.6.1 can identify additional dangerous inputs). However,
modifying the taint checker itself may not be feasible or even
2. Relevant History and Credits
Jean-loup Gailly independently discovered and reported a format string
problem in a Perl application on September 26, 2002 [1]. Arjan de Vet
included format strings and the taint checker in a presentation at
YAPC:Europe in August 2001 [2]. Steve Christey mentioned the
possibility of format strings in PHP applications on April 3, 2003 [3]
and format strings in interpreted languages during a lightning round
talk on vulnerability research gaps at CanSecWest in April 2004 [4].
Jack Louis reported on a format string problem in a Perl application
on November 29, 2005 [5], following it with a description of an
integer wrap within Perl itself that was exploitable via format
strings on December 1, 2005 [6]. The most notable early research on
format strings in C was performed by Tim Newsham in September 2000
3. Attack and Impact Details
Following are some of the more dangerous specifiers, along with their
1) Memory or disk consumption
The "%s" specifier, and others that allow field widths to be
defined, can be used to consume a large amount of CPU, memory,
and/or disk, e.g. "%99999s". ("%999999999s" is sufficient to
consume a gigabyte of memory or disk, but it has been reported that
it can also cause the Perl program to crash.)
2) Modification of variables
Using the "%n" specifier, the attacker can modify the values of
certain variables that are provided as arguments to print/sprintf,
possibly altering program behavior in ways that have security
implications. The variable is modified to a number, generally a 0.
The implications of this problem depend on how the program uses the
Consider the following pseudo-code for an authentication routine:
$input = GetInputFromUser();
if (UserHasAuthenticated($user))
$a = 0;
$a = 1;
$str = sprintf($input, $a);
if ($a)
If $input is "%10s", then str is formatted with up to 10 spaces
of padding and $a is not modified; but if $input is "%n", then $a
is changed to 0, and the attacker effectively bypasses the check
for authentication.
3) Argument shifting
The "%p" specifier formats a pointer for the next argument to be
processed in the call to *printf. This effectively misdirects or
shifts all remaining arguments to different format specifiers than
the programmer intended. The impact depends on the specific bug.
Argument shifting could also be used to bypass cleansing operations
for other vulnerabilities, by shifting uncleansed values into
variables that contain cleansed values.
4) Altering intended outputs
Any format specifier can alter the intended format of structured
output. This in turn could corrupt files or enable the
exploitation of vulnerabilities in other applications that process
such output. For example, the '%p' specifier, which prints out a
pointer value, could be used to generate integer values that exceed
the expected range of inputs.
$index = GetUserInput();
if (($index > 32) || ($index < 0))
print STDERR "Error: Index must be between 0 and 32.";
($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year) = gmtime(time);
printf DATABASE, "$index %4d/%02d/%02d %02d:%02d:%02d\n",
$year+1900, $mon+1, $mday;
If $index is "1", then the result might be:
1 2002/10/01 06:58:42
But if $index is "%p", the error condition is not detected (since
the string evaluates to 0), and the result would be:
130690 10/01/06 58:42:00
Here, not only does the 'index' value exceed the maximum of 32, but
all the other values are wrong! This is because the %p was used to
format a pointer to the $year+1900 expression. All the other
arguments were then misdirected, and applied to the wrong format
specifier. Thus the month value is formatted as the year, the
seconds value is formatted as the minute, etc.
5) Bypassing cleansing operations
Cleansing operations that remove spaces could be tricked by using
"%2s" or other format specifiers that generate spaces. Programs
may try to remove spaces when passing arguments to commands, or
formatting data.
Here's one example:
opendir(DIR, ".");
while ($file = readdir(DIR))
if ($file =~ /\s/)
print STDERR "Warning: '$file' has spaces, replacing with _\n";
$file =~ s/\s/_/g;
if ($file =~ /^-(fiprR)+$/)
print STDERR "Warning: '$file' matches switches for /bin/cp!\n";
# skip this one.
$backup = sprintf("$file.bak"); # C programmers might do this
system("/bin/cp $file $backup"); # but this *is* just an example
If $file is set to "-R%2ssubdir", then the check for "dangerous
switches" would fail, and the resulting system call would be:
system("/bin/cp -R subdir subdir.bak");
6) Other Attack Scenarios
Some feasible attack scenarios involve Perl programs that generate
log messages or reports:
- File names containing format specifiers could alter which files
are processed
- IP addresses whose DNS reverse lookup includes format strings
could be returned as the result of gethostbyname().
Log files could be filled easily using "%999s" style strings.
The possibility of CRLF injection was theorized, but a casual
investigation was not successful.
4. Some Discussion on Format Strings and the Taint Checker
In 5.004:
The taint checker apparently does not flag filenames as tainted
(e.g. as obtained from the readdir() function). Presumably, other
types of "indirect input" may not be tainted. However, it does
identify more direct sources of input such as stdin and environment
In 5.6.1:
Filenames are tainted, and the taint checker terminates the
program. While the program is safe from exploitation through
dangerous calls, there is still a denial of service, which could be
a problem with critical code that is expected to fully complete its
task, such as a log processing program (although the programmer
should take the possibility of failure into account while running
in taint mode anyway!)
Note that the taint checker does not exit until a *printf-tainted
variable is passed to a dangerous call such as system(). So, if
the program is not tested with specifiers such as '%n' (which
modifies an argument to *printf), then the taint check may not be
Attacks such as resource consumption and data format modification
will still work; however, changing the taint checker to exit as
soon as the printf/sprintf is encountered could break existing
This is a factor though: "testing" sprintf/printf with normal file
names won't directly trigger the taint checker, unless %n is actually
included in the filename; so, if the programmer tests the Perl code,
but does not include the '%n' option, they won't necessarily find the
taint error. However, a later input with '%n' could cause the program
to halt unexpectedly due to the taint error.
Note: the taint checker doesn't complain when system() is called with
arguments in the following fashion:
system("/bin/echo", $tainted_var1, $tainted_var2);
The following example properly generates an error from the taint
checker, using input from stdin:
$a = <STDIN>;
$str = sprintf("$a.txt");
system("/bin/echo $str");
The following example also generates an error from the taint checker,
using input from a directory listing:
opendir(DIR, ".");
while ($file = readdir(DIR))
system("/bin/echo $file");
Original bug report:
Statement From Perl Language Developer
These issues do not represent a substantial security hole in perl
itself. Future versions of perl may extend tainting checks to
format strings, or just to certain aspects of formats (such as
5. Real-World Vulnerable Program Examples
In 2002, at least 3 different Perl programs were found vulnerable to
format string attacks:
1) ftplogcheck
2) perl-nocem
3) WASD OpenVMS web server
ftplogcheck is a program used for processing wu-ftpd logs and
generating statistics.
It is not part of the wu-ftp distribution.
One portion of ftplogcheck report lists which files were uploaded to
the server by the "anonymous" user. The code is:
printf REPORT "$time $host $filesize $filename $name\n";
If the wu-ftp server is configured to allow uploads from anonymous
users, then attackers can upload files whose names contain malicious
format strings, which are then fed into the $filename variable.
In this case, the attacker could consume memory or disk space by
causing an extremely large report to be generated (if $filename is
"%999999s") or misrepresent the name of the file that has been
uploaded (if $filename is "word1%1sword2", which would generate the
string "word1 word2").
The original developer is:
koos (at) pizza.hvu (dot) nl [email concealed]
[ftp://ftp.cetis.hvu.nl/pub/koos/ftplogcheck is apparently down]
This program is archived at:
perl-nocem is a script that was apparently suggested for inclusion in
INN 2.0 beta, but it was not directly distributed with INN 2.3.3 or
any 2.x version.
This script processes NoCeM notices, which can be used by the server
to process third-party, PGP-signed article cancellation notices.
In do_nocem(), a call is made to sprintf() after inserting the values
of the $nid and $issuer variables into the format string:
logmsg(sprintf("processed notice $nid by $issuer"
. " ($nr ids, %.5f s, %.1f/s)", $diff, $nr / $diff));
The value of $nid is obtained from a "notice-id" news article header.
It is not sanity-checked; therefore, malicious format strings can be
inserted into this sprintf() call. The $issuer variable is obtained
from an "issuer" header, but this value must be allowed by the
perl-nocem control file. It may be possible to use a wildcard
character and match any issuer.
The $nr variable contains the total number of articles to be canceled,
and the $diff variable attempts to measure the amount of time required
to cancel the articles, generally 0.01 due to an apparent bug.
According to the developer, the scope of this attack is limited: "the
message is printed only after the nocem notice has been PGP-verified,
so the attacker must be one of the trusted cancellers."
Typical input
Assume that 10 articles are to be canceled ($nr = 10) and $diff is
With a $nid (Notice-ID header) of "NID" and a $issuer (Issuer
header) of "ISSUER (at) example (dot) com [email concealed]", the log message output would be:
processed notice NID by ISSUER (at) example (dot) com [email concealed] (10 ids, 0.01000 s, 1000.0/s)
Memory/disk consumption
With a Notice-ID of "%9999999s", a large amount of memory and/or
log file space is consumed:
processed notice
Modification of the $diff variable
With a notice-id of "%n", perl-nocem changes the $diff variable to
17 (the length of the "processed notice " substring), as opposed
to its original value (typically 0.01). This changes the error
message to misrepresent how long it took to cancel the articles:
processed notice by ISSUER (at) example (dot) com [email concealed] (10 ids, 1000.00000 s, 0.0/s)
(notice the double-space in "notice by" where the notice-id would
Note that if perl-nocem had used a format string that began with
the "$nid" variable (e.g. "$nid notice processed" instead of
"processed notice $nid"), then the $diff variable would have been
set to 0, and the "$nr / $diff" expression would have caused the
program to exit with a division-by-zero error.
Other output modifications
With a notice-id of "%p", the resulting log message would be like:
processed notice 130498 by [ISSUER] (10 ids, 0.50000 s, 0.0/s)
where the "130498" is an incorrect notice id.
Developer statement:
[This is] not easily exploitable, the message is printed only after
the nocem notice has been PGP-verified, so the attacker must be one
of the trusted cancellers.
Jean-loup Gailly suggested the presence of a format string issue in
the WASD OpenVMS web server [1].
A sample program, PerlRTE_example1.pl, contained the following
vulnerable code:
printf ("$name=\"$ENV{$name}\"\n");
where the $name variable can be altered by an attacker to contain
format strings (e.g. through a query string).
6. Avoiding Format String Vulnerabilities During Development
When writing Perl programs, follow these guidelines.
1) Use constant strings for formatting.
2) Do not feed Perl variables directly into format strings, e.g.
"$bad %10s" or $bad . " %10s"
3) Where possible, avoid using printf and sprintf
4) If absolutely necessary, consider quoting the "%" specifier before
including a user-controlled input into a format string.
5) Run your program with taint checking enabled, which can help
protect against many of the problems identified here.
Notes on Detecting Vulnerabilities in Source Code
Detection of suspicious code is slightly more difficult than it is for
C code. Constant strings can contain Perl entities such as variables
or references, which are inserted into the string before it is passed
to printf/sprintf.
$fmt = <USER_INPUT>;
printf("THIS IS A POTENTIALLY VULNERABLE $fmt FORMAT STRING\n");
7. Suggestions for Further Research
This paper is not an exhaustive work, so further research is needed.
Software developers and vulnerability researchers are encouraged to
actively search for format string issues in all programming languages,
not just C and Perl.
Suggested research topics include:
- for each programming language, identify and publicize all builtin
or common library functions that use format strings.
- extend source and binary code analysis tools to look for improper
use of these functions
- audit individual applications that have been previously deemed free
of obvious vulnerabilities, with a focus on format strings
- study the implications of interactions between a high-level
language and the language it is implemented in. For example, there
may be format string analogues to the problems of the null byte in
Perl and PHP programs and their interaction with the underlying C
- further examination of the taint checker (see below)
Note: in the author's limited experience, format string
vulnerabilities do not appear as frequently in Perl or PHP
applications as they do in C programs. However, more focused efforts
are needed before this suspicion can be confirmed.
8. Demonstration Programs
These programs demonstrate some the problems described above.
1) Argument modification
#!/bin/env perl
# when run with taint checking (-T), this seems to properly barf about
# dependency errors (try a "clean" format string like "5s%s%s" vs. a
# dirty one with a "%n" in it).
# try as input: "%s%n%s" --> modifies $b
$a = "A";
$b = "B";
$c = "C";
$x = sprintf($ARGV[0], $a, $b, $c);
print "\$a='$a'; \$b='$b'; \$c='$c'\n";
print "$x\n";
system("/bin/echo $a $b $c");
************** End Sample Vulnerable Program **************
********* Sample 2 **********
# Create a directory that contains files with these names:
# X%10sX
# %p
# %s
# abc%ndef
# This was gleaned from some real-world code, but the print was
# changed to printf.
# Change what filenames are processed via format strings in
# the filenames, such as a file named "%p%n"
# You can "erase" a filename by using '%s', and having this "blank"
# filename could throw off the argument count to system or exec calls,
# which could alter behavior. Consider a backup command like
# exec("/bin/cp", file1, file2) where file1 can be "blanked" out
# Similarly, you could "erase" portions of a filename with "%n" or
# "%s". The filename ABC.TXT would be equivalent to ABC%n.%nTXT
# You can create very long filenames by using '%999s' (for example).
opendir(DIR, ".");
while ($file = readdir(DIR))
print "Real filename: $file\n";
printf "Filename in format string: $file\n\n";
2) Misuse of format string in log processing, for which many Perl
programs have been written. Could cause larger strings than
expected to be written to files or sent to processes; code that
depends on well-formatted input from the program may be subject to
buffer overflow or other issues.
I've seen several programs that do something like this:
printf "A=$a\n"
******** End Sample 2 ************
9. References
[1] Jean-loup Gailly <jloup (at) gailly (dot) net [email concealed]>
"remote SYSTEM compromise in WASD OpenVMS http server"
Bugtraq post
September 26, 2002
[2] Arjan de Vet
"Security aware programming with Perl"
[3] Steve Christey
"An Alternate View of Recently Reported PHP Vulnerabilities"
[4] http://www.cansecwest.com/archives.html
[5] Jack Louis
"Webmin miniserv.pl format string vulnerability"
November 29, 2005
[6] Jack Louis
"Perl format string integer wrap vulnerability"
December 1, 2005
[8] WASD PerlRTE_example1.pl
[9] perl-nocem:
[10] INN-workers security report
10. Disclosure History
Jun 10, 2002 - Theorized issue; began discovery and investigation;
search for potentially vulnerable programs initially
Sep 26, 2002 - Jean-loup Gailly (jloup (at) gailly (dot) net [email concealed]) posts Perl format
string problem in OpenVMS
Sep 28, 2002 - deeper investigation into format specifiers, other
vulnerable programs
Sep 30, 2002 - more writing on security advisory; investigated whether
taint checker did "the right thing"
Sep 30, 2002 - tried to find a way to report a security vuln to Perl
developers (in case taint issue is a Perl bug, and to
consult on possibility of buffer overflows).
Registered to site, only to be told by a web page to
email my report to a certain address. Left out details
in the email because I had no idea who would be viewing
the report at that address. This turned out to be a
good decision, as that post has been publicly archived.
Sep 30, 2002 - investigated taint checker issues, %p
Sep 30, 2002 - initial response from Perl contact (within 50 minutes)
saying it was OK to post details to that address, gave
an alternate POC just in case.
Oct 1, 2002 - provided Perl developer list with details
Oct 1, 2002 - notified CERT/CC
Oct 8, 2002 - sent followup inquiry to Perl developer list and
primary Perl POC; haven't heard anything back, do they
plan to modify the taint checker?
Oct 10, 2002 - asked a colleague to try contacting Perl developers
Oct 11, 2002 - response from hv (at) crypt (dot) org [email concealed] saying that message had not
been forwarded to the mailing list. Replied to various
points; suggested possible statement on taint checker.
Oct 17, 2002 - Statement modified and approved from hv (at) crypt (dot) org [email concealed]
Nov 1, 2002 - notified Mark.Daniel (at) wasd.vsm.com (dot) au [email concealed] (WASD developer)
Nov 1, 2002 - more investigation into perl-nocem
Nov 1, 2002 - notified perl-nocem author, Marco d'Itri (md (at) linux (dot) it [email concealed])
Nov 3, 2002 - received acknowledgement from perl-nocem author
Nov 3, 2002 - received acknowledgement from WASD author, approval to
Dec 5, 2002 - inquiry to perl-nocem author; are patches available?
Dec 5, 2002 - perl-nocem patches had been made
Dec 5, 2002 - investigation of ftplogcheck
Dec 19, 2002 - refined advisory, cleaned up demonstration code
Nov 29, 2005 - posted to DailyDave
Dec 1, 2005 - Jack Louis releases Perl integer wrap advisory
Dec 2, 2005 - further edits, table of contents, enhancement of
argument shifting
Dec 2, 2005 - posted to Bugtraq, Full-Disclosure
[ reply ]
Privacy Statement


text:
If Mexico wants to launch anti-corruption crusade, there are plenty of officials to go after
The daughter of the boss of Mexico's powerful oil workers union made a youthful indiscretion when she went to Europe last year: She posted photos of her lavish odyssey on Facebook.
The images showed Paulina Romero Deschamps touring French chateaus, staying with her three pet English bulldogs in five-star hotels, and living it up like the daughter of a sultan. She noted her fondness for Hermes calfskin Birkin handbags (price tag: $12,000) and praised the rare Spanish Vega Sicilia wines, which can cost nearly $1,000 a bottle.
Romero's father, Carlos Romero Deschamps, is indeed a sultan of sorts. As head of the 142,000-member state oil workers union since 1996, he controls the purse strings of an important union – and tells its members how to vote. His daughter's trip sparked a media furor when the photos hit a Mexico City newspaper in May. Paulina's Facebook page went silent.
Union bosses like Romero are suddenly in the news in Mexico. Last week, authorities arrested Elba Esther Gordillo, head of the national teachers union, and charged her with corruption and organized crime. Mexico's attorney general accused her of using $200 million in union funds for shopping trips, facelifts and real estate sprees in California. Mexico's new president, Enrique Pena Nieto, told a national television audience that his 3-month-old government would not abide by the misuse of union funds.
"The resources of the unions belong to their members, not their leaders. They must be used for the benefit of the workers," he said.
But analysts here say they don't see Gordillo's arrest as the onset of a campaign against graft. Instead, they say Gordillo's arrest may be nothing more than Pena Nieto targeting a political foe. They note that Pena Nieto's Institutional Revolutionary Party, known by its Spanish initials as the PRI, has shown a remarkably high tolerance for corruption. Late last year, for example, a PRI governor allegedly walked out of office with tens of millions of dollars, and the party took no action against him.
"Elba Esther Gordillo did not fall because of corruption, rather because she did not accept the educational reform," Carmelo Teran Montero, a retired army general, wrote in an essay for the Center for Analysis and Military Opinion, a think tank in Mexico City. He was referring to a bill passed the day before Gordillo's arrest that removed the authority for hiring and firing teachers from the union and gave it to the government.
Prior to his election July 1, Pena Nieto said his party is no longer the vehicle for corruption and authoritarianism that it was when it ruled Mexico for 71 uninterrupted years, before being ousted in 2000. He has pledged to install an anti-corruption commission and promised zero tolerance for graft.
Yet Pena Nieto would only have to look inside own party for more examples of the malfeasance for which prosecutors accuse Gordillo, analysts said.
Romero would be at the top of the list. As union boss, Romero had a salary of $1,924 a month. But his tastes were a match for Gordillo's, whose alleged transgressions included spending $2.1 million at the Neiman-Marcus in San Diego.
On that paltry salary, Romero bought and maintains a British-built Sunseeker Portofino 47 yacht, registered in the Cayman Islands but docked near his $1.4 million waterfront condominium in Cancun. The yacht bears the name Indomable, or The Indomitable One.
Since taking control of the oil workers union, Romero's grown children have demonstrated their own ability to come into vast resources.
Romero's son and daughter-in-law, Jose Carlos Romero Duran and Maria Fernanda Ocejo, own two spacious condos on Miami Beach's "millionaires row" worth a combined $7 million. One of the units, at 5959 Collins Avenue, has soaring views from the 30th floor.
In the parking lot is a red Ferrari Enzo, a sports car worth more than $1 million, a gift from his father. Tabasco Hoy, a newspaper in the oil-rich state of the same name, last month published a report saying that it spotted two other cars in the dedicated parking spots for the couple's Florida condos: a Porsche Carrera 911 and a Lamborghini Aventador LP700-4, a 700-horsepower "hypercar" that pops 0-60 miles per hour in 2.9 seconds.
Romero's union was created and sponsored by the PRI during its rule last century, and it did yeoman's work to back the party. In 2000, Romero was linked to a scandal in which electoral authorities found that his union funneled nearly $100 million to the losing campaign of PRI presidential candidate Francisco Labastida – the first time a PRI candidate had lost. Still, Romero made the list of PRI candidates for the last Senate elections July 1 and handily won a six-year term.
Other top PRI elected officials, including the party's former secretary general, face corruption accusations.
Among them is Andres Granier, who left the governorship of Tabasco state in December amid reports that his administration had borrowed and not accounted for 1.9 billion pesos (about $148 million). The state congress last week asked the federal comptroller to audit the books of Granier's final year in office.
Granier's children are also under the magnifying glass. Authorities have frozen an account of daughter Mariana to investigate the provenance of 14 million pesos (slightly more than $1 million). Records show a son, Fabian, bought a condo in Miami's North Bay Village in 2011, and 10 more condos in Cancun's Emerald Tower.
So far, Humberto Moreira, a secretary general of the PRI for nine months in 2011, has gotten off the hook for the messy financial problems of his home state, Coahuila, where he was governor from 2005-2011.
Moreira, a former high school teacher, saddled the state with a whopping additional $3 billion of debt, and the federal attorney general later issued arrest warrants for five former state officials, including the tax chief and treasurer, in a corruption probe.
Last month, U.S. prosecutors tracked down $2.2 million in a Bermuda bank account controlled by the fugitive former treasurer, Hector Javier Villarreal.
Prosecutors have told Mexican media they don't have enough evidence to indict Moreira, who left Mexico in January to spend a year in Madrid to get a master's degree in history. Aides said he won a scholarship from the national teachers union to pay for his studies.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This is Nathan. While the rest of you were off being giddy over playing as Big Daddy in Bioshock 2, Nathan was building himself a costume that lets him play as Big Sister in real life. Now that's commitment.
It's the designer's second Bioshock costume: two years ago he made a similarly impressive Big Daddy get-up. And as you can see, a DIY Big Sister costume isn't for the faint of heart: corsets and leg braces are just the beginning. But if you're a truly dedicated gamer - or a truly deranged costume enthusiast - it doesn't get much better than this. If you start yours now, you've got an outside shot of having it ready by Halloween. [College Humor]


text:
Unexpected Discoveries 4
Unexpected Discoveries 4
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The prints are available in 297x420mm (A3) & 297x210mm (A4)
These prints are available soon and are presently at the the printers. Delivery time is estimated at 4 Weeks for International orders and 3 weeks for Australian wide orders.


text:
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text:
|No such thing as a small change
comment on
|( #3333=superdoc: print w/replies, xml )
|Need Help??
True, but maybe that's a double edged sword (or perhaps no edged is a better analogy :).
People with no aptitude for carpentry tend to have a few minor but painful slips early on which convince them that some things are better left to those with a greater aptitude.
Unfortunately, incompetence in programming does always effect such a change in attitudes.
That's not to say that programming tools can't be abused. From people using Word as a program editor; to programming editors that evolve to be close to stand alone operating systems; text macro libraries that are so entirely opaque as to defy understanding; to make files so complex that they start to exhibit signs of Heisenberg Uncertainty; to 'simple' configuration mechanisms wrapped up in unfathomably deep OO hierarchies. The list goes on.
Examine what is said, not who speaks -- Silence betokens consent -- Love the truth but pardon error.
"Science is about questioning the status quo. Questioning authority".
In the absence of evidence, opinion is indistinguishable from prejudice.
In reply to Re^3: Programming is more like:
by BrowserUk


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Free shipping over € 99
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Fondue sets are on another planet in the complex universe of kitchen utensils. There are lots of types of fondue, quite different from each other and rooted in quite different culinary cultures. All fondues share the same cooking method (which varies from simmering to slow frying or melting) that is achieved with a casserole or a pot placed over a heat source that is taken directly to the table. On the basis of these differing needs, our aim in the project of the "Mami" fondue set was to create a truly complete system of objects for all aspects of this type of cooking. In fact, the small tray base and stand with diffuser plate complete with burner (which operates both with paste and with alcohol) may be combined with the classic, long-handled steel casserole, with heat-diffusing base (which functions on all types of heat sources, including induction plates), typical of the Bourguignonne fondue, as well as the traditional stove-top ceramic casserole, ideal for cheese and for chocolate fondues. There are also two types of fork: those with two beak-headed prongs (for meat) and those with three prongs, with widened palms (for cheeses, chocolate and whatever else needs to be put together each time, even for just a part of the sauce). The system is completed by a "Lazy Susan", a huge, wood revolving container for the complete set, with small stainless steel and ceramic sauce bowls.
Born in La Spezia in 1954, Stefano as an architect and designer was taught by Buti at Florence University. In the early 80's he founded the King-Kong Production Group along with Guido Venturini. His explosive talent enables him to embody a complex system of 'affective codes' in his projects. This great approach won him the title of 'Super & Popular' designer in the 90's. A technical designer par excellence he has industrial design in his DNA and the capacity to understand public sentiment like no other designer mentioned in this catalogue. His projects began with the "Girotondo" (1989 designed with Guido Venturini) and the first transparent objects in plastic from the "Family Follows Fiction" series (1993). There is a huge number of his items in the "Officina Alessi", "Alessi" and "A di Alessi" catalogues. www.stefanogiovannoni.it


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Tourism Gold Coast introduces Things to see and do in Wasleys Australia, find superb holiday entertainment with our professional team, locate your provider today from our extensive range of listings below.
Address: 398 Bishop Road, Melrose SA 5483
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Address: Nott Street, Melrose SA 5483
Address: 8453 Main North Rd, Clare SA 5453
Address: Sollys Hill Road, Watervale SA 5452
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Address: Sollys Hill Road, Watervale SA 5452
Address: 30-32 Stuart Street, Melrose SA 5483
Address: North Terrace, Watervale SA 5452
Address: Range Road, Jamestown SA 5491
Address: Main North Road, Stanley Flat SA 5453
Address: Kirrihill Cellar Door, 12 Main North Road, Clare SA 5453
Address: Auburn Road, Balaklava SA 5461
Address: Hughes Park Road, Sevenhill SA 5453
Address: 13 Stuart Street, Melrose SA 5483
Address: Main North Road, Laura SA 5480
Address: Creek Bed Adjacent to Blyth Street, Burra SA 5417
copyright © 2019 Tourism Gold Coast. All rights reserved.


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Almost every inbox has been plagued by them: Emails offering a chance at a share of millions of dollars (or pounds or euros). Someone works at a Department of Finance or Department of Oil or is terminally ill or for some other reason needs to shift a large chunk of money out of their country. And they need your help.
Just shoot through an email with a few personal details, and you'll end up with 5 per cent (or 10 per cent or 15) of some fabulous quantity of money. But then the transaction hits a hitch — you're going to need to send through a small amount of money to help facilitate the transfer. Nothing big and, after all, soon you'll have enough money to fill a swimming pool, and you'll finally be rid of the long hours and low pay of your day job (possibly as a poverty-stricken overworked tech writer). Then they need another small amount. Then a larger amount.
These email scams are typically dubbed 'Nigerian scams' or '419 scams' after a section in Nigeria's criminal code, but are more accurately known as 'advance fee fraud'. And, unfortunately for the country, it's these scams that many people probably think of when they hear Nigeria's name. There is a lot more variety in the scams in these days — you can help out someone trying to shift money out of Libya in the wake of Gaddafi's overthrow, for example — but my inbox still manages to attract a fair share of promises of West African wealth.
And, hard as it might be for a lot of people to believe, these scams can be fantastically successful. Two years ago a Nigerian man received a 12-year jail sentence after scamming US$1.3 million from victims.
Here's a small sample from one I received recently (though this time it's Malaysia, not an African nation):
I am Mr.Davies Abraham the director of Accounts & auditing dept (CIMB Bank Group Malaysia) With due respect, I have decided to contact you on a business transaction that will be beneficial to both of us and our family. At the bank's last accounts/auditing evaluations, my staffs came across an old account which was being maintained by a foreign client who we learn was among the deceased passengers of motor accident on (November 2003) the deceased was unable to run this account since his death.
The account has remained dormant without the knowledge of his family since it was put in a safe deposit account in the bank for future investment by the client and we have tried to contact the details of the next of the kin but our effort is in vain so CIMB Bank gathered that every body in the family died in the Accident.
The question many people have asked themselves after receiving an email like this is: Who would fall for this crap? The persistence of the scam also raises another question: Can't people come up with better worded, more creative forms of attack? Why, given the scam is relatively well known these days, would a scammer still purport from Nigeria or from another West African nation given the association of advance free fraud with the region?
In retrospect the answer to this question is obvious. According to Cormac Herley, principal researcher at Microsoft Research's Machine Learning Department, it's because scammers aren't necessarily interested in seeming believable: They are looking for the most gullible victims they can find, to maximise return on their effort.
A (maths heavy) paper produced by Herley, aptly titled Why do Nigerian Scammers Say They are from Nigeria? (PDF), argues: "In deciding who to attack true positives are targets successfully attacked, while false positives are those that are attacked but yield nothing.
"This allows us to view the attacker's problem as a binary classification. The most profitable strategy requires accurately distinguishing viable from non-viable users, and balancing the relative costs of true and false positives…
"Far-fetched tales of West African riches strike most as comical. Our analysis suggests that is an advantage to the attacker, not a disadvantage. Since his attack has a low density of victims the Nigerian scammer has an over-riding need to reduce false positives. By sending an email that repels all but the most gullible the scammer gets the most promising marks to self-select, and tilts the true to false positive ratio in his favor."
Herley notes that, contrary to what some people think, an advance fee scam is not free for the fraudster. "[E]ach respondent to a Nigerian 419 email requires a large amount of interaction, as does the Facebook 'stuck in London scam.'"
The cost of sending an email may be close to zero, but "emptying bank accounts requires recruiting and managing mules".
"The endgame of many attacks require per-target effort. Thus when cost is non-zero each potential target represents an investment decision to an attacker. He invests effort in the hopes of payoff, but this decision is never flawless."
He concludes: "[I]f the goal is to maximize response to the email campaign it would seem that mentioning 'Nigeria' (a country that to many has become synonymous with scams) is counter-productive. One could hardly choose a worse place to claim to be from if the goal is to lure the unwary into email communication…
"Since gullibility is unobservable, the best strategy is to get those who possess this quality to self-identify. An email with tales of fabulous amounts of money and West African corruption will strike all but the most gullible as bizarre. It will be recognized and ignored by anyone who has been using the Internet long enough to have seen it several times. It will be figured out by anyone savvy enough to use a search engine and follow up on the auto-complete suggestions [of search engines]. It won't be pursued by anyone who consults sensible family or fiends, or who reads any of the advice banks and money transfer agencies make available. Those who remain are the scammers ideal targets. They represent a tiny subset of the overall population."


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The Snap 2013 Look Back Special - Snap #429
Pop some champagne and celebrate with some of our favorite stories of the year. Snap proudly presents "The 2013 'Look-Back' Special."
Homeboy Sandman - Survival of the Freshest
Stones Throw Hip Hop artist Homeboy Sandman remembers when he first decided to take his music full time. When the rhymes don't cover the rent, the New York emcee finds himself deep in the red and facing eviction.
Homeboy Sandman's new album, "First of A Living Breed," is out now on Stones Throw Records. It was listed as one of the top 50 albums of 2012 by NPR. Check it out!
Also, be on the look out for his writing for The Huffington Post.
Producer: Pat Mesiti-Miller
Shannon Knew The Preacher's Secretary Was Off-Limits...
Shannon spends his days on the street corners preaching to the masses, but his biggest temptation is his partner in salvation.
Performed at Snap Live! at the Power Center in Ann Arbor, MI
Music Performed by Alex Mandel and the Snap Judgment Players
Original Music by Alex Mandel
Rerecording Mixer: Pat Mesiti Miller
Produced by Glynn Washington, Mark Ristich, Jeanette Aguilar and Jamie DeWolf
Lydia Bird - Not A Drop To Drink
Lydia Bird's father is her hero, her rock, the man who keeps their shaky, tumultuous family together. So when he is lost at sea after a fishing expedition gone awry, who will take care of her?
Lydia Bird lives in Alameda, California. She is currently working on a book entitled, Ezekiel: A Memoir of Families.
Producer: Stephanie Foo
The Snap 2013 Look Back Remix
It's the end of the year 2013 Look Back Remix from Snap's beat master Pat Mesiti-Miller.
Cat Got Your Tongue?
Julia Romp's seven year old son didn't speak a word until an unexpected visitor arrived at their home. Find out more about Julia's story in her book.
Producer: Anna Sussman
Sound Design: Renzo Gorrio


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McFlack necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 184 diseños de 37 diseñadores freelance.
OK, this is a crazy project.
I need a professional to help me not screw this up.
My daughter has started acting and singing professionally. With the help of a good friend, we're building her a web site that:
a) agents and casting firms can visit to see her bio and photos, hear her music, etc AND
b) a login-in secured section for her to post things for her friends.
Visit the website to get a feel for the look. (Don't be too freaked, it is still underconstuction).
We need something eye catching to replace the stock logo that appears on the upper left of each page (currently says TheHiveMind).
She has had some success (you can see on the page). This all started in June, so we are all new to it.
She recently auditioned for a Disney show, has met with scores of agents and talent firms and is working with a talent agency out of Philadelphia and is starting to get work.
Three key audiences that you need to impress:
1. entertainment industry booking agents and casting directors, promoters, etc
2. her friends
3. her
I listed them in reverse order of importance
She loves the Jonas Brothers (doesn't every girl her age), Taylor Swift, too old for Miley Cyrus. Great student and a little bit of a tomboy, but not too much. but definately not a "girly-girl." Strong willed and assertive. Has a powerful voice that a producer recently told us "rocks the house."
Bold colors that show a lot of energy and contrast with the white them of the page.
Artistic and stylish, but something that will not go out of date.
Clever, NOT cute, identifiable and perhaps most important -- memorable.
Her favorite color is green. Not dark green, lighter and brighter green. Recently changed from purple.
You are the person who knows what is quality, what will work and what can make this special -- that is the guidance we know we need.
But, I can tell you what I like... and I think she will like..
Thelogo should be her name. Take a look at design number 4 in competition 30142, the script "signature" approach might be what we are looking for...http://99designs.com/contests/
But the scirpt needs to be bold, have energy and use color creatively.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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British Grammy-winning singer Adele is reportedly due to give birth in September.
The 24-year-old chart-topper announced that she and boyfriend Simon Konecki are expecting their first child together last month.
"I'm delighted to announce that Simon and I are expecting our first child together," she wrote on her official blog at the time.
"I wanted you to hear the news direct from me, obviously we're over the moon and very excited but please respect our privacy at this precious time."
The singer did not give any indication of how far along in her pregnancy she was.
But if a new report is to believed, the Rolling in the Deep singer could be a lot more pregnant than we thought.
According to heatworld.com, Adele could be giving birth in as little as two months.
In a "world exclusive," the website claims the singer is said to have kept her pregnancy secret long before making an announcement on June 29 - by keeping a low profile and wearing baggy clothes.
"Adele has barely left the house in recent months, so she could keep this to herself for as long as possible," dished a source.
The insider added: "She stopped exercising a few months ago, and since then it's been all about the baby."
As supporting 'evidence', the report adds that the fact she didn't fly to America for the Billboard awards in May, even though she won 12 trophies, is an indication of how far gone she is.
The site also reports that when she attended the Ivor Novello awards a week later, she wore a loose-fitting dress that could have easily concealed a burgeoning baby bump.
Since announcing the news, the singer has received congratulatory messages from a flurry of celebrities.
Pop singer Lily Allen, who gave birth to her first baby Ethel last year, said on Twitter: "Wow. Adele's preggers! Congratumalations to her and Simon! [sic]"
US chat show host Ellen DeGeneres said: "Adele is pregnant! I'm so happy, I'm rolling in the deep! At least I think I am. I'm still not 100% sure what it means."
Lady Gaga also congratulated the singer.
"Anyone hear the sigh of relief emitted by popstars worldwide when Adele announced her pregnancy? #ThatsTheTruthTea Congratulations gorgeous!" Gaga tweeted.
The pregnancy announcement followed an earlier report that Adele wanted to be pregnant by the end of the year.
"[Adele] told Simon how broody she's been feeling. The pair have spoken about children and it's something they both very much want in the future. Simon already has a five-year-old daughter from his previous marriage with Clary, who Adele has met and absolutely adores," a source told British tabloid Daily Star in March.
Adele and Konecki, a 36-year-old charity entrepreneur, have been dating since last year.
A rep for the singer declined to comment on the latest report, according to the NY Daily News.
Congratulations to the soon-to-be parents!
- Blogger Bites Back


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Israel won the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with the song "Toy", performed by Netta. The track was written by Doron Medalie and Stav Beger, and produced by the latter. The song was released on 11 March 2018 along with its official music video clip, which was directed by Keren Hochma. The song was leaked online a day before the official release.
The song won the Eurovision Song Contest 2018, with 529 points. It marks Israel's fourth Eurovision win along with 1978, 1979 and 1998. According to official singles sales charts, the song reached the top in Israel.
"Toy" was first drawn to compete at the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2018, in which it was performed seventh in a field of nineteen songs, and achieved first place, based on a combination of fourth placing from televote and first from jury. It thus qualified for the final, under a format progressing the top ten most-voted songs from each semi-final. In the final the song was performed 22nd in a field of 26, and won, based on third placing with 212 points from the jury and winning the televote with 317 points, achieving overall first place with a combined score of 529 points.
This was Israel's fourth victory in the contest, following their wins in 1978, 1979, and 1998, and their first top five placing in more than a decade. Portugal finished in the last place, making this the third time that the host country ranked in the bottom five since 2015.
Portugal won the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with the song "Amar Pelos Dois" (Loving For The Both of Us), performed by Salvador Sobral. This was Portugal's first win – and first top five placing – in 53 years of participation, the longest winless run by a country in Eurovision history. It was also the first winning song entirely performed in a country's native language since Serbia's "Molitva" in 2007, and the first winner written in triple meter since Ireland's "The Voice" in 1996. The top three countries – Portugal, Bulgaria and Moldova – all achieved the highest position ever in their Eurovision history.
Forty-two countries participated in the contest. Portugal and Romania returned to the contest after a year's absence, while Bosnia and Herzegovina withdrew on financial grounds. Russia had originally planned to participate, but announced their withdrawal on 13 April 2017, after their representative, Yulia Samoylova, was banned from entering Ukraine by virtue of having travelled directly from Russia to Crimea in 2015, a region that was annexed by Russia in 2014, to give a performance, which is illegal under Ukrainian law.
Ukraine won the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "1944" written and performed by Jamala. Ukraine returned to the Eurovision Song Contest after the nation withdrew from the 2015 competition due to financial and political reasons related to the Ukrainian crisis.
The Ukrainian broadcaster National Television Company of Ukraine (NTU) organised a national final in collaboration with commercial broadcaster STB in order to select the Ukrainian entry for the 2016 contest in Stockholm, Sweden. The national selection consisted of two semi-finals, held on 6 and 13 February 2016, and a final, held on 21 February 2016; nine entries competed in each semi-final with the top three from each semi-final advancing to the final. In the final, "1944" performed by Jamala was selected as the winner after tying for first place following the combination of votes from three-member jury panel and a public televote—the tie was decided in Jamala's favour after "1944" scored the highest with the public. "1944" is the first Eurovision Song Contest song to feature lyrics in the Crimean Tatar language. The Ukrainian entry caused controversy and garnered international media interest both for Jamala, a Ukrainian singer of Crimean Tatar descent, and the song "1944", which was inspired by the story of her great-grandmother during the 1944 deportation of the Crimean Tatars in the Soviet Union under the rule of Joseph Stalin. Despite media reports that the song could be disqualified due to its alleged political overtones, the Eurovision Song Contest Reference Group cleared the song for the competition and stated that neither the title nor the lyrics of the song contained political speech.
Ukraine was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 12 May 2016. Performing during the show in position 14, "1944" was announced among the top 10 entries of the second semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 14 May. It was later revealed that Ukraine placed second out of the 18 participating countries in the semi-final with 287 points. In the final, Ukraine performed in position 21 and placed first out of the 26 participating countries, winning the contest with 534 points. This was Ukraine's second win in the Eurovision Song Contest; their first victory was in 2004.
"Heroes" by Swedish singer Måns Zelmerlöw won the 2015 Eurovision Song Contest for Sweden in 2015. "Heroes" won with a total of 365 points. It is the third-highest-scoring song in the history of the contest. It is also the first winning song since the introduction of the split jury-televoting system in 2009 that has not won the televoting.
The song was released in Sweden on 28 February 2015 as a digital download. It was written and composed by Anton Malmberg Hård af Segerstad, Joy Deb and Linnea Deb. On 14 March, the song won the Melodifestivalen 2015 to represent Sweden at the contest in Vienna, Austria.
"Rise Like a Phoenix" is the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 by Austrian singer Conchita Wurst. The song was internally selected to represent Austria at the Eurovision Song Contest in Denmark. The song was officially revealed on 18 March 2014 to be followed by the first live presentation of the song 21 March 2014 on ORF's popular show Dancing Stars. This was Austria's first victorious song in the competition since the Eurovision 1966.
Composer Zuckowski had originally composed the song for another project. Every major record label in Austria had refused to produce "Rise Like a Phoenix". A request came from the Austrian Eurovision team about possible contributions, and he immediately thought of this song, reasoning "I knew that with this song still something great was going to happen". The song was entered into the ORF internal selection process and was ultimately chosen to represent the country.
Emmelie de Forest was the 2013 Eurovision Winner with the song "Only Teardrops", representing Denmark. De Forest was one of ten acts that performed in the 2013 Dansk Melodi Grand Prix for a chance to represent Denmark at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö, Sweden. On 26 January 2013, she performed the song "Only Teardrops" (written by Lise Cabble, Julia Fabrin Jakobsen and Thomas Stengaard) and won the national selection.
Her debut album, Only Teardrops, was released on 6 May, a week before her performance in the Eurovision contest. The album has twelve tracks, including the original and symphonic versions of "Only Teardrops."
On 14 May, de Forest reached the final of the Eurovision, being one of the ten finalists that qualified from the first semi-final. According to British bookmakers, de Forest became the odds on favourite to win the contest. De Forest won the 2013 Eurovision final on 18 May with a total of 281 points, 47 points more than second place finisher Farid Mammadov of Azerbaijan.
She performed her Eurovision winning entry at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Kiev, Ukraine on 30 November. In December it was revealed that Emmelie de Forest had been awarded the Årets Europæer Award (The European of the year Award) by the Danish European Movement
"Euphoria", performed by Swedish artist and songwriter Loreen was the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest Winner. It was released as the third single from her debut studio album Heal (2012). The song was written by Thomas G:son, Peter Boström and produced by Boström and SeventyEight. It is best known as Sweden's winning entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 held in Baku, Azerbaijan. The song won the competition with a total of 372 points, the second-highest point total in the contest's history. The song received the highest number of maximum (12) points of any entry in the contest's history with eighteen countries giving the song their top marks.
"Euphoria" received critical acclaim from most music critics, who enjoyed the style of music. Commercially, the song was an instant success, not in just Sweden, but all over Europe and also in continents like Oceania. It debuted at number twelve in Loreen's home country Sweden, until reaching number one, staying there for six weeks. The song has been certified 9 times Platinum, selling 180,000 copies there.
The Eurovision Song Contest 2011 was won by Ell & Nikki for Azerbaijan with "Running Scared". The Azerbaijani pop duo consists of singers Eldar Gasimov and Nigar Jamal. It was the country's first ever win at the contest. Although Nigar Jamal represented Azerbaijan, she lives in Enfield, North London.
Gasimov and Jamal separately took part in the Azerbaijani national selection, Milli Seçim Turu 2011. They qualified from the semi-finals along with three other artists to the final on 11 February 2011, where they won the right to represent Azerbaijan at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Düsseldorf, Germany in May 2011. Although it was originally planned to send an individual as Azerbaijan, when the winner was announced, İTV had decided that both Eldar and Nigar would be going to Germany as a duo. As the contest was taking place in a Western European country, the name change was made to prevent confusion of Jamal's first name being interpreted as a racial slur. Their entry, named "Running Scared", was written by Stefan Örn and Sandra Bjurman from Sweden and Iain Farguhanson from the UK. The duo were aided significantly by the four Swedish backing singers, including Jessica Marberger and Vera Prada who had earlier in the year attempted to represent Sweden as part of Shirley's Angels.
They were the overall winners of the Eurovision final on 14 May which meant that Azerbaijan has the right to host the Eurovision Song Contest 2012.
"Satellite" was Germany's entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010. By representing a "big four" country, it was automatically qualified for the final. Germany received a wild card during the running order draw, which allowed the German representatives to pick the country's position for the final. They chose position 22 out of the 25 spots. Meyer-Landrut arrived one week before the show in Oslo, Norway, where she completed five rehearsals of "Satellite". Prior to the final, the song was considered as one of the favourites. Bookmakers regarded it second favourite behind Azerbaijan's "Drip Drop", while Google projected it would win based on search volume in the participating countries. According to Norway's Aftenposten, Meyer-Landrut received the most attention of all participants.
The final was held on 29 May 2010 at Oslo's Telenor Arena. Appearing fourth from last, Meyer-Landrut wore a simple black dress and performed on a bare stage with four backing singers. Her pared-back presentation reflected a trend that has had success at recent Eurovisions, as it did not feature any form of choreography, dancers or elaborate stage show. "Satellite" received a total of 246 points, giving Germany its first victory since 1982, and the first win as a unified country. It also became the first winning-song from a Big-Four country since Katrina and the Waves' victory for United Kingdom in 1997. The song won over Turkey's entry "We Could Be the Same" with a margin of 76 points, the second-biggest in Eurovision history, second only to Alexander Rybak's margin of 169 points in the 2009 contest. "Satellite" received the maximum 12 points nine times and received points from all but five countries.


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The ultimate art show in Westhampton Beach. Alfred Hitchcock at an outdoor movie screening. A Sunday night kite fly on the beach with Dan's Papers! Here are five fun-filled events for a perfect weekend.
Walking among the works of a gifted artist is a exhilerating experience. It's even more spectacular when there are 140 of those artists, which makes the 39th Annual Greater Westhampton Chamber of Commerce Mary O. Fritchie Outdoor Juried Fine Art Show a can't-miss this weekend. The longest-running premiere summer art show in the Hamptons showcases the talents of fine artists both local and from abroad, sure to inspire and engage serious art enthusiasts and casual visitors alike.
Place: Westhampton Beach Village Green & Gazebo AND on Mill Road between Main Street & Church Lane, Westhampton Beach
Date and Time: Saturday, August 6, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Sunday August 7, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Rain or shine.
More info: 631.288.3337 or www.WesthamptonChamber.com [expand]
Grab your blanket, lawn chair and a picnic (or at least some popcorn!) and head to the outdoor film series Films on the Haywall at Marders. This week's movie is Alfred Hitchcock's 1959 gem North by Northwest, the classic thriller starring Cary Grant as a New York City ad executive pursued across the country after being mistaken for a government agent. As edge-of-your-seat exciting as any summer blockbuster!
Place: Marders, 120 Snake Hollow Road, Bridgehampton
Date: Friday, August 5, at dark (not before 9 p.m.)
More info: www.silasmarder.com
O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? In Greenport, of course, as the Bard's star-crossed lovers come out under the stars on the North Fork for two nights at Northeast Stage Presents Romeo and Juliet.
Place: Mitchell Park, Front Street, Greenport
Date and Time: Saturday and Sunday, 7 p.m.
More Info: www.greenportvillage.com
Have a great time while getting behind a great cause at Southampton Hospital's 53rd Annual Summer Party, A Tropical Paradise, dancing the night away to music by the Alex Donner Orchestra and bidding on such silent auction items as 4 U.S Open Final tickets. The celebration supports the Hospital's Jenny and John Paulson Emergency Department, which serves more than 25,000 residents and visitors annually on Long Island's South Fork.
Place: Under the tents at Wickapogue Road in Southampton
Date and Time: Saturday August 6. Cocktails begin at 6:30 p.m.
More info: www.southamptonhospital.org
Sunday, August 7, 5:30 to 7:30
End your weekend on a high note at Dan's Papers 39th Annual Kite Fly at Sagg Main Beach! Along with soaring kites of all shapes and sizes, we're looking forward to jugglers, face painters, live music and some of our favorite cartoon characters parading the beach, entertaining kids of all ages! Prizes will be awarded for the highest flight, best homemade kite and more—there's even a special Best Pet Kite award from our friends at Bideawee. And don't miss Dan Rattiner's story about the Kite Fly!
Place: Sagg Main Beach, Sagaponack
Date and Time: Sunday, August 7, 5:30 to 7:30 p.m.
And if you're heading to New York City for the weekend, take an irresistibly odd escape with the awe-inspiring acrobatics of Zarkana from Cirque Du Soleil at Radio City Music Hall. Click here for show times, tickets, video and more info.


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Under Armour Founder Lists Colorado Ranch
A former apparel executive lists Colorado ranch for $12.95 million; Carmen Marc Valvo snips the price of his New York apartment to $15.95 million. Lauren Schuker Blum joins The News Hub with this week's Private Properties.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
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Thursday, April 21, 2011
These Hands
These hands make Moonchild Dolls. They are sore and tired hands. They are happy and content hands. They are not the most beautiful hands in the world but they do beautiful work. The hours these hands spend making dolls are hours very well spent. These hands are sneaking up on their 49th year.
As I see it, I will spend at least 10 more years making Moonchild dolls. Maybe more. I can comfortably see making 1800-2000 dolls during this time. A very finite amount. It is my desire that the majority of these dolls go to homes that embrace some Waldorf principles in child rearing. Homes that do not indulge the children with large quantities of dolls and toys. Homes that lean towards toys made with natural fiber, wood, metals and items straight from nature. That the children in the home are given toys that generate the desire to explore and create. Toys that help them to learn to be caring and compassionate.
I would like these dolls to stay in a family even when the child does not immediately warm to it. The child/doll relationship cannot be forced. A doll placed within reach and left alone will draw the child to it in time. A parent that takes a moment to wordlessly tuck the doll in under a small blanket, whether on a chair, in an open drawer or a in toy cradle will be gently encouraging the child to begin forming his own bond with the doll.
I understand that some of these dolls will live with people that have a true love for Waldorf style dolls and want to have a variety of them. People that collect dolls because they appreciate the skill an artistry that goes into them. I understand that some people will buy my dolls just because they are difficult to obtain and get romanced by the "gotta get it now before someone else does" bug. I understand that some people want their children to have an abundance to choose from and to possibly be collectors as well. It is okay that some of my dolls go to these homes.
Because I can only make a small amount of dolls per year and the customer base for Waldorf dolls has grown exponentially, I am placing a maximum of 2 dolls a year per family. I will make exceptions to families with more than 2 children. I know there are plenty of people that have no problem scooting around the rules and do what they can to get the dolls they want. I know I will be snookered. I will do my best to make sure this happens a little as possible so that new families will have the opportunity to own a Moonchild doll. If I need to cancel a sale and re-list a doll then that is what will happen.
I am happy to have the fortunate life that I do. I have a wonderful and supportive husband that loves me. My children are happy and healthy. The baby turns 19 tomorrow. I get to make what I want and people will buy it. This was my answer when I was asked what I wanted to do when I grew up. That and be a forest ranger. I am grateful that people like what I create. I love to sew and I love to make dolls. Thank you all for being my patrons and appreciating Moonchild Dolls.
29 comments:
- Jenny said...
♥ ♥ ♥
- April 21, 2011 at 9:07 PM
I absolutely LOVE what you said and how you think and what you feel!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
If ONLY a small majority of the other dollmakers felt the same way! BUT I know it's an individual choice!
You were our first Waldorf purchase! I messaged you a little less than a yr ago and then got a custom just like that! Boy have times changed! Although it took a little more time than expected, so well worth the wait! Athena is drawn to her Moonchild alot lately but it does come and go but we would NEVER send her anywhere else! She is a part of our forever family now! I would someday love to own one of your smaller dolls and I know someday that day will come but for now, I am overjoyed that we are lucky enough to have just one!
My greatest respect...Theresa
- April 21, 2011 at 9:28 PM
Oh Berrie, I couldn't read without commenting----especially since I feel like a little piece of you lives with us. :) You made Nora her beloved Molly a little over a year ago, and although she was amazing when she arrived, with her beautiful dress and matching bows, she grows more beautiful although worn to my daughter everyday. You do magical work. You create playmates. I remember my favorite doll from my childhood. I still have her. Nora will remember Molly.
Julie Yaklic
- April 21, 2011 at 9:46 PM
- orangevanilla said...
Well said Berrie :) thankyou!!
- April 21, 2011 at 9:47 PM
- Aimee B said...
- April 21, 2011 at 9:55 PM
- IndieBambino said...
Berrie, I completely agree with you. We just purchased our first large size Moonchild (fortunate to be in the right place at the right time to buy) and it will go to my daughter this Christmas. Possibly getting one more for my son sometime this year would be icing on the cake. I love that you put a 2 per year limit on your dolls, I think that's perfectly brilliant.
- April 21, 2011 at 9:57 PM
- Kim said...
I cannot wait to have a Moonchild doll! My 6 year old attended Montessori up to grade 1. and now my 3 year old is in Montessori, not Waldorf school but some similar philosophies... Anyways, maybe one day I will get lucky! Still in love with Violet Wren! :-)
- April 21, 2011 at 10:34 PM
- Lauren said...
Berrie - I agree that the doll/child relationship cannot be forced but often the relationship (like any new relationship) takes time to flourish. My daughters have taken upwards of three months to show any interest in a newcomer in our house. When given the time I am amazed that there is always a turning point when a doll begins to be played with.
- April 21, 2011 at 10:44 PM
- Akhila's Handblog said...
Please take care of those hands. They do amazing work and create lovely little 'people'. You are a great inspiration.
- April 22, 2011 at 12:21 AM
- Folky Dots said...
Great post. I loved reading it.
Your work is beautiful.
- April 22, 2011 at 3:07 AM
- Brandy said...
I like it! :-)
- April 22, 2011 at 3:23 AM
We all can see the great talent, creative, love and perfection glowing from those beautiful hands,Now that I prepare mysellf for retirment from work I am going back to hand-craft espetially sewing dolls to mygransons/daughter's
frinds (allready made three)and all my insperation is coming from you berrie, I learn alot about the waldorf dolls and the Rudolf Stiner philosophie and I'm sending the massege since I also learn from your perfect explanations and photos,evry day I must visit you to see what's new, I love your beautiful dolls you are very speciall, if one day you will teach cors of how to creat awaldorf doll I'll be more than happy to come all the wat from the holly land of Israel,
I send love happines and helth to evryone on earth
ofri barzilay
- April 22, 2011 at 3:47 AM
- endless13 said...
Wonderful post, loving hands, and honest ideals. Well written :) I, and many others, totally agree with you. Your dolls are beautiful and precious.
- April 22, 2011 at 5:49 AM
- Debra said...
Love you Berrie!
- April 22, 2011 at 5:53 AM
- Fabs said...
Bravo! You know how I feel and I support entirely this decision of yours, perhaps this is the only way. It makes me a little sad to think that there is a finite number of dolls coming out of your hands, it does, but it's a truth in life and I admire your resolution and your forward thinking in this matter. I love it.
- April 22, 2011 at 5:58 AM
- cheryl said...
My daughter had a birthday when she was five and I contacted you to make quite alot of moondrops...She is eight now and still has hers, that she tucks in her purse an overnight bag and snuggled with her other dolls at night. My five year old son has a dragon one which he feels the same way about. Thank you for sharing your talent...I hope we get to own a bigger one one day, I just love your color combinations they are beautiful!
- April 22, 2011 at 6:29 AM
- marirob said...
Thank you for taking the time to write such an eloquent and thoughtful post. Your dolls are so beautifully constructed and I'm glad that you take the time to make them yourself - it makes them so special. I think this post should be required reading for everyone looking to buy a waldorf doll, it gives such food for thought in this crazy world we live in. Big hugs to you!!!
- April 22, 2011 at 6:44 AM
- Barbara H said...
Hi Berrie! Even though we are one of those homes that have an abundance of Waldorf's and therefore a home that does "indulge the children with large quantities of dolls and toys", please be assured that this same home is one "that the children in the home are given toys that generate the desire to explore and create. Toys that help them to learn to be caring and compassionate." You may not agree with large quantities, but please know that each and everyone of the dolls that Willow has is cherished. She assigns them all personalities when she meets them- some are shy, some are sassy, some are fast, some are funny- they are whatever she needs them to be. Some of her dolls get along with everyone, some of them are best friends or siblings with each other. The older dolls are always jealous at first of a newer doll, but in no time at all Willow let's me know which doll was the first to make the new one feel welcome. They are her companions when she is happy, when she is anxious, when she is sad, when she is busy. She sleeps with each and everyone of them every night and notices immediately if someone is missing (No doll left behind!). I love to see which doll comes out of bed with her in the morning and after her nap and which others trickle down throughout the day. There was not a single day of preschool this year that there wasn't some doll tucked into her backpack- she can't get them out at school, but it comforted her to know they were there near her. Through Waldorf's we were able to introduce the differences in dolls and people as well... she has learned that some have chocolate skin or Asian eyes- some are thin and some are squishy- some are short, some are tall- some come with tiny imperfections that make them unique- and that all of these traits is what makes her dolls and people so incredibly special. These are her forever friends. Once a doll is introduced to Willow, it's not going anywhere. The thought of selling a doll that is part of her group would be like suggesting to her that she sell a member of our family... her attachment to them is unlike what she has for any store bought toy. So even though we have a small troop of wool friends, they are each and everyone loved with the pureness and fullness that a four year old heart can offer them. I cherish each and every doll whisper that Willow shares with me and nothing makes me happier then to see a new "love smudge" on a doll to show that it is part of our family. Thank you for playing a part in that magic as Ella is a very well loved member of Willow's world. :)
- April 22, 2011 at 7:03 AM
- Berrie Hamby said...
Thank you all for your heartfelt and understanding sentiments. My husband reminds me that I do see my world through rose colored glasses. I like it this way. Sometimes he asks me about the unicorns and fairies and I have to tell him I can't see them they must be hiding behind the rainbows.
Just because I know what would be ideal for me does not mean it is ideal for all.
Barb it sounds like what you and Willow have works very well. I want other mamas to have an opportunity to see their child interact with a Moonchild doll. If the dolls get snatched up by the same people over and over this diminishes the opportunities for new customers and makes it VERY difficult for those that have been trying for a long time to get one.
This is why I need to put limits and have invitation only uploads.
- April 22, 2011 at 7:30 AM
- Barbara H said...
Don't mind the limits at all my dear! If we would be lucky enough to welcome two more of your magnificent creations into our home, we would be very blessed indeed! :D
- April 22, 2011 at 8:10 AM
Very nice Berrie! I have one of your lovely dolls, I collect for my love of the beauty of handmade artistery. I have always preferred my children play with more tradional toys, less battery's better play, imagination and lasting. Our Waldorfs are for me as well as for my 4 children, my girl is young just coming up on 1! I play with the dolls with her daily, I do think of the Moonchild as mine a bit more than hers right now, she is often on my nightstand, but I share, I give my little ones anyone of our dolls to play with at any time, she smiles and greets which ever one I give her. My boys are just as welcome to them and I know some day my daughter will take more charge and I gasp a bit, but I will relingqhish Simmy to her! I can completely live with in your limit. I believe in having somewhere between a few and a bit of an over indulgance amount but everyone will be loved. I hope some day to get one more Moonchild when my daughter is a wee older so she will enjoy the arrival and then momma will have a moonchild and so will daughter!
- April 22, 2011 at 7:06 PM
But I do hope sometime you will indulge me with some more moondrops so we can complete the rainbow!
- April 22, 2011 at 7:08 PM
This really warmed my heart. :-)
- April 23, 2011 at 10:32 AM
wonderful solution to a tough problem :)
- April 29, 2011 at 4:11 PM
- Karen Sue said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- May 1, 2011 at 5:18 AM
- Karen Sue said...
I just found you today through another blog post. She said her doll came from you. Then as I was reading, I though hmmmm I turned 49 in March, I have one that is 19 today....I also wanted to be a forest ranger when I was taking those high school interest tests. I made quilts for my kids and the 2 middles (19 & 16) still have them in their beds. Mostly rags, but made with with love, just for them, and they know it. My only daughter had dolls, but one special one that was around always. Someday I hope she has a daughter and she'll have a special doll, too, or maybe even her sons!
Nice posting from the heart. I'm shortening my first post and deleting it. I love what you do and you do it for all the right reasons.
- May 1, 2011 at 5:24 AM
- Mélie said...
Great pictures, I wish my office will look like yours, one day ...
Have fun
- May 4, 2011 at 9:19 AM
- Sapo Verde said...
Your hands create things that add more beauty and artistry in this world. Love this post.
- May 28, 2011 at 12:24 PM
- Kicsiera said...
It is my favorite post! :) It is all what I think about dolls. When I was child my favorite was a monkey, Maki. It was made from cotton with button eyes and I got from my Parents. That time the dolls were usually made from plastic, and they weren't unique or lovable. Except Maki. Now Maki is about 30 years old, but he is in a good condition and he is still my Maki. :) I have a little Daughter and I hope I can give Her the same gift in the future.
- July 21, 2012 at 3:23 AM


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Teacher resources and professional development across the curriculum
Teacher professional development and classroom resources across the curriculum
Title of work: Poemographies
by Keith Gilyard
Described by Nikky Finney as "the story of what it is to live Black and refuse all painkillers," Poemographies is Gilyard's second volume of poems. Beginning with his 24-part work "anyone heard from manuel?" in which he remembers a New York City youth almost derailed by drugs and petty crime, Gilyard's poems are nostalgic "word pictures" of home, family, and the complications of being African American in America. Though his subjects range from New Zealand and Amadou Diallo to his grandmother's death and his lifelong attachment to fellow poet Lorenzo Thomas, Gilyard evokes the music and speech of an urban environment and sensibility in the details and rhythm of each. In "the hatmaker," for instance, the poem he read for the students in teacher Alfredo Lujan's class, he describes his mother: "swept North / brown Georgia girl / fingers molding material / into hats to sit atop / empty heads of ladies who could never / have her grace." In this poem, his mother spends her youth making hats in "this cold metal big puzzle town" of New York City, as the machine-like line "hats since 1947" rhythmically repeats over and over.
Gilyard says he never responded well to formal writing instruction in poetry himself, but found his voice in "the engagement" of being in tune with "certain musicalities, speech, rhythm, sounds around me." To give Lujan's students a sense of how he works, he took them outside to observe the world around them. As he explains it, he wanted to show them how to "take advantage, open up the senses ... and really pay attention to the surrounding environment. And then get it down sort of as a reporter."
Before the students met Gilyard, Lujan invited them to discuss what the title Poemographies might mean. They speculated that it might connect to everything from autobiography to photography to geography. Gilyard points out that what they were doing was classic reader response, and he tells the students that hearing the constructions they put on the text was "vital and vibrant and ... more important to me than writing sitting in a tower somewhere." He reminds them, "It's not really a poem until it's evoked in some sense." And though New Mexico is a very different place than New York City, Lujan and his class connect easily with the poems. Gilyard reflects that the poet who is able to convey the particular in resonant detail becomes universal. Poets who can do that, he says, show students "the power of the word to transcend and connect."
How does a cultural background play into poetry? It informs it. I can't be anything other than what I am. I came from a certain time and place and culture -- now, not to say you're shaped by that totally, because then everybody [who] comes from the same background would be doing the same thing, and they would write the same poems -- obviously they don't. But it's a big influence --- being from New York, being African American, having parents from the South, being first-generation New Yorker. It's like those questions -- I saw questions back at the school on the wall like the Who am I, Where do I fit into the world question -- you have all those arrows, the country and the state of New Mexico, then Santa Fe, the school, and so on, that's true, you're located in time and space relative to all that, and all that will have something to do with what you produce. But at the same time, you speak back out to the world. There's something that you can say that no one else will say quite the same way. So the cultural background is a big part of it, but it's not the whole thing. Because even as a member of any culture, you're also an individual at the same time. That's the tension in life. You're part of culture, but you're also an individual. So your poetry is going to reflect, to some extent, your cultural background, or it's going to reflect some decision you have made about your cultural background, it's going to reflect that, and it's also going to reflect you as an individual.
Q & A with Keith Gilyard
What inspired you to write?
It's hard to say because I've been working with these words and sort of playing with language as far back as I can remember. I've always enjoyed language play, and the rhythms of sounds and language. So there are different levels of inspiration. I'm inspired at some level that I can't really recall fully, and then at another level -- Why am I inspired to pursue it as a grown man? That just comes out of having a sense of thinking you can say something to the world. I think Carlos Fuentes once said that a novel means the world is not finished. So, in other words, we've heard from all these human precincts, in a sense, but we haven't heard from you. That's part of what the pen in your hand does: It says, "Okay, I'm going to weigh in on this human story, this whole collective human story." So that's part of what inspires me too. I'm inspired by that notion that, hey, you folks haven't heard the whole human story because you haven't heard my version. There are all different ways of putting a creative imprint on the world. It's the sign, it's the evidence you were here.
What writers have influenced you?
Influence is always a hard thing because you are sort of always constructing that story as you go along. Influences could be subliminal, and you can be influenced conceptually by someone and not necessarily stylistically. If you look at [my book] Voices of the Self, for example, one of the reviewers caught it: In the memoir sections of that book, he noted, "Richard Wright was sitting on this shoulder." Because when I was stuck for technique, I was reading Black Boyand I said, "Okay, that's how he got from here to here, and that's how he moved the conversation into dialogue alone." Black Boy was an entry text to so many African American men, in particular, who went on to become writers. So Richard Wright is always at the top of the list -- his power in language and imagery. Even in his prose, the imagery is powerful.
Richard, and then the poets: all of the poets from the '60s, what we call the Black Arts crowd. Haki Madhubuti, for sure. Nikki Giovanni, Sonia Sanchez -- I couldn't even name all the different poets. Langston Hughes, of course. And then, I think during my college years I discovered Quincy Troupe. Then it was Quincy who introduced me to Pablo Neruda, [who] was a big influence. The power of the imagery. And then Aimé Césaire is a big poet for me. [Césaire] also gave me a sense, of the mission, too, about poetry, "My freedom is the freedom of those freedoms which break down in the prison cell of despair" [from his poem "Cahier d'un retour au pays natal"]. I just always felt that, as a poet, in some sense I was not just representing myself, but I was trying to speak for an experience that was shared by others who don't have the power of the word, who actually can't say ideas and enter public discourse. Lots of others. But as I go back, Césaire, Neruda, and then Quincy Troupe and other Black Arts poets, and then Langston Hughes and Richard Wright. But also Yeats, even T.S. Eliot to some extent. Not necessarily the politics -- [Eliot] tended a little bit toward the fascistic -- but because in something like The Wasteland, you see that modernist experimentation with language.
What else has influenced your writing?
Music. Don't forget the music. And Shakespeare too. I remember Redman [the rap artist] said at a conference on black poetry ... he had two Bills who were a tremendous influence on him: Bill Shakespeare and Bill "Smokey" Robinson. I feel that way, too. So that's part of the influence also. Definitely the music and the jazz, and the free jazz at that period. It wasn't just poets or just writers, but it was also the musicians and other folks -- the spoken word [artists], The Last Poets, Gil Scott-Heron, and stuff they were doing. So a lot of stuff goes into the mix.
Why do you think students in New Mexico -- from such a different environment -- connected so easily with your experiences in urban New York City?
We talk about universality, in a sense, and some people think that by universality you mean sort of a bland articulation of some reality that everybody shares. And to me, you never say anything universal. I always say [one should] explore the particularity as well as you can, and then those sets of particularities will be the universal, you see. And that's how you get the universality: by bringing different people into the club, so to speak, and exploring those experiences in depth.
Information about key references
The Great Migration
The Great Migration refers to the historic mass movement of African Americans from the American South to the cities of the North (1910 - 1930). African Americans migrated in search of greater financial opportunity and to escape repressive Jim Crow laws. As Gilyard's poems testify, many who migrated faced a different but no less oppressive racism in the North. Several of Gilyard's poems explore his family history in relation to the Great Migration.
African American Popular Culture
Gilyard references and plays with images in contemporary and historic African American popular culture to reflect on society and human relations. For example, in "Memo to Shaft," he immortalizes this "Blaxploitation" film hero played by Richard Roundtree and projects him into new scenarios. In other poems, he references popular African American music overtly and structurally.
Police Brutality
Gilyard's work frequently references and describes racial profiling and police brutality. In "harry diallo," Gilyard plays with the image of white supercops like Clint Eastwood's Dirty Harry to explore the 1999 shooting of Amadou Diallo by four white policemen in New York City; in doing so, Gilyard demonstrates how the power differential between the unarmed Diallo and a racist system led to such a killing.
Black Arts Movement
Often described as the aesthetic counterpart to the Black Power movement of the late 1960s, the Black Arts movement signaled a break from the traditional African American literature of protest and petition. Writers and other artists began to focus primarily on "social engagement," attacking assimilationist views, promoting Black pride, and encouraging independent publishing. The Black Arts movement saw the birth of many literary institutions such as the Harlem Writers Guild, The New Lafayette Theatre, and the Umbra literary group. Writers and poets associated with the movement include Ishmael Reed , Amiri Baraka, and The Last Poets .
Suggestions for applying other theories to Poemographies
Keith Gilyard's language and musicality in Poemographies make it a perfect book to examine from many perspectives. In addition to the reader-response approach outlined in this program, teachers can have their students conduct an inquiry into the many historic, geographic, or popular culture references. For example, students might take the poem about Shaft and do an inquiry into the Blaxploitation film era. They can explore the films on their own at home and then read the poem to understand the characteristics Gilyard is highlighting about the character. They will also need to research some of the historic and contemporary events referenced in the poem in light of the film.
While such an intertextual reading is closely related to cultural studies, students can move into the cultural studies area more formally by exploring the many structural references to African American popular culture that slide in and out of the poetry. Students should be able to identify the references and then research them to understand how they contribute to the overall expression in the poetry.
Finally, a critical reading of Gilyard's poetry can take students into an exploration of the shattered hopes of African Americans who migrated North in an effort to escape Jim Crow laws, only to find similar oppression. Students might build a Web site addressing false or skewed information in history texts about the era of the Great Migration.
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This workshop helps us understand how energy works and affects our health, wealth, relationships and spirituality. Pranic Healing is a highly evolved and tested form of energy medicine developed by Master Choa Kok Sui. He had a chemical engineering background that brought the distillation of ancient healing techniques to a simple yet powerful methodology. In less than 2 days, you can learn how to feel energy, help heal yourself/others and bring awareness of energy in the body and our environment.
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Exhibiting cultures: the poetics and politics of museum display
Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991 - Art - 468 pages
Bringing together museum directors, curators, and scholars in art history, folklore, history, and anthropology, Exhibiting Cultures engages in debate over meaning and representation that have accompanied and driven museums' efforts regarding multiculturalism. The contributors represent a variety of stances on the role of museums and their function as intermediaries between the makers of art or artifacts and the eventual viewers.
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Culture and Representation
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