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Brussels, 26 November 2008
FAQs on the European Economic Recovery Plan
What is the objective of the Recovery Plan?
The objective is to drive a coordinated EU response to the economic crisis, that builds on the unprecedented level of coordination shown in response to the financial market crisis. The priority is to treat the symptoms of the economic crisis and protect jobs and purchasing power in the short-term while also investing in Europe's long-term economic health and in boosting the fight against climate change.
As President Barroso has said, the package must be "big enough and bold enough to work in the short-term, yet strategic and sustainable enough to turn the crisis into an opportunity in the longer-term. And we need to make sure that help comes to those most in need."
The package is not a "one-size fits all" proposal. It takes account of the differences between Member States in terms of their budgetary situations and outlook, their exposure to the financial and economic crisis and whether or not they are having to correct macro-economic imbalances, etc.
What are the main elements of the Plan?
The Commission's Recovery Plan combines coordinated national action with EU policy measures in a mutually reinforcing way.
It includes a timely, targeted and temporary fiscal stimulus of around 1.5% of EU GDP or 200 billion euros, within both national budgets (around €170 billion, 1.2% of GDP) and EU and European Investment Bank budgets (around €30 billion, 0.3% of GDP). The Plan falls inside the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), but uses all of its flexibility.
The fiscal stimulus is complemented by proposals to speed up structural reforms under the Lisbon Growth and Jobs Strategy in all Member States and in particular those who most need to act in order to make their economies more competitive and ensure medium-term budgetary sustainability. Mechanisms for the monitoring by the Commission and the Council of progress on reforms is strengthened.
This fiscal stimulus and accompanying structural reforms are complemented by "smart investment" measures at both European and national level, with the priority being to preserve and create jobs now and in the future while accelerating the transition towards a knowledge-based and low carbon economy.
The Recovery Plan sets out a framework for how funds should be used to stimulate investment, "green" Europe's economies and boost energy efficiency. It proposes mobilising existing funds – including social and cohesion funds, where up to €6.3 billion of payments will be brought forward - to help unemployed people, and help with training and retraining.
A key part of the Commission Plan is a "smart mix" of regulation, R+D, national investment , Commission funding, European Investment Bank support and public private partnerships for forward looking investments in key sectors like cars and construction.
The Recovery Plan also includes proposals to stimulate labour markets and increase demand for energy efficient goods and services through innovative use of taxation.
It includes further concrete measures to help SMEs, as well as calling for rapid progress on the "Small Business Act" initiative already presented by the Commission (see IP/08/1003).
What happens next? How will the Plan be implemented?
The Commission will be asking EU leaders to endorse the Plan at the European Council on 11-12 December and to implement it immediately. The earlier this is done, the better the Plan will work.
There will need to be close coordination at both political level, notably through Finance Ministers, and technical level throughout the implementation of the Plan.
Why is co-ordination of fiscal measures so important?
The benefits of individual Member States' fiscal measures will be much greater if they are part of a co-ordinated European response which will create multiplier effects.
Equally, countries who try to "go it alone" tend to run into problems; they get punished by capital outflows; some of their stimulus leaks into imports from other countries and they get nothing in return. A co-ordinated approach will avoid these difficulties.
Why do we need a fiscal stimulus and why not a bigger one?
The fiscal stimulus is timely, targeted, temporary and coordinated.
It is large enough to have a major impact in boosting demand and purchasing power and thus in protecting jobs. Without such a stimulus, there is a risk that demand, investment and employment could spiral downwards in a lasting and deep recession, leading to a major fall in tax revenue and increase in spending on social benefits, with a resulting threat to public finances in the medium-term.
The fiscal stimulus will help avoid the downward spiral described above but limits borrowing to a level which Member States will be able to pay back without compromising medium-term budgetary sustainability – provided the right accompanying policies are implemented in line with the Recovery Plan.
Taking on excessive levels of debt would result in further – and possibly worse - economic crises and unemployment in the future.
How does the proposed fiscal stimulus take account of the fact that Member States have different starting positions?
Co-ordination does not mean that all Member States should adopt the same approach. This would make no sense.
Those who took advantage of the good times to achieve more sustainable public finance positions have more room for manoeuvre now. For Member States, particularly those outside the euro area, facing significant external imbalances, the aim of budgetary policy should be to correct those imbalances.
So this is not a one-size fits all Plan. As President Barroso has put it: "Everyone is suffering from this crisis and everyone needs treatment. But not everyone needs the same pill."
Neither is the fiscal stimulus a zero sum game where Member States make payments into a central "pot" and one euro less paid in by one country means another has to pay one euro more. Instead, this is about a coordinated fiscal response where each Member State, within an overall European framework, takes the taxation and investment measures which suit its economic situation and strategy, thus supporting its own economy to the maximum and also helping others.
The fiscal stimulus is not a measure in isolation. It is intrinsically linked with the rest of the Plan. The Commission is proposing using the funds to finance investment in key strategic areas, to create jobs now and build the basis for a dynamic and sustainable 21st century economy. And under the Plan, the fiscal stimulus is accompanied by strong provisions to make sure it does not jeopardise medium-term budgetary sustainability – including stepping up structural reforms especially in those Member States whose budgetary position most demands it.
Why does a fiscal stimulus in one Member State also help others? Why should Member States with strong budgetary positions do more than those who have not?
In a single market, boosting domestic demand in Member State X also boosts demand for imports in Member State X which in turn boosts demand in Member State Y (and all the others).
If that stimulus can help return Member State Y to the growth path, there is a secondary effect whereby demand in Member State Y for exports from Member State X is also boosted. In time and once multiplied across all 27 Member States, this can create a powerful virtuous circle, boosting overall growth and helping pay back the borrowing which has financed the fiscal stimulus in the first place.
Conversely, no Member State has an interest in others funding a fiscal stimulus by taking on unsustainable levels of debt: they would risk jeopardising their public finances and triggering a spiral of debt, recession and unemployment which would drag other Member States down while undermining confidence in governments. In the euro area, this would be particularly damaging for other Member States. Outside the euro area, it could lead to pressure on the national currency and to large rises in inflation.
What are the main differences in Member States' starting positions?
These can be seen in detail in the Commission's autumn economic forecast (see IP/08/1617). For example. growth for 2009 is forecast to vary from around or over 4% in Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania and Poland, to a contraction of 2.7% in Latvia. Negative growth is forecast also in UK, Ireland, Spain and Estonia, with France, Italy and Germany at standstill.
Commission forecasts for government deficits for 2009 vary from nearly 7% in Ireland to a surplus of 3.6% in Finland with among the biggest Member States, the UK deficit predicted at 5.6%, France at 3.5%, Italy and Spain at just under 3% and Germany at 0.2%. Some economists in some Member States have expressed concern about deflation unless a fiscal stimulus is quickly injected, while there is double digit inflation in others (Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania).
What is the balance between tax cuts and extra public spending?
The plan does not determine what the balance should be. It identifies a range of measures which can be effective in boosting the economy (e.g. public expenditure, indirect tax reductions or guarantees and loan subsidies). It is up to Member States to decide on the measures or mix of measures they wish to implement. This will depend on their particular national situation.
What tax cuts does the plan propose?
The Commission will propose reduced VAT rates for green products and services, related to the building sector. It has already proposed a Directive to make permanent reduced VAT rates for labour intensive services; the Council should now adopt this proposal as soon as possible (before the 2009 Spring European Council).
However, taxation is largely a national, not a Community, matter. The plan makes a number of suggestions for tax cuts, e.g. reduced social charges on lower incomes to promote the employability of lower skilled workers. However, it is up to Member States to decide whether or not they wish to take up these suggestions.
Is the Commission proposing suspension of the Stability and Growth Pact? If not, why not?
The Recovery Plan reiterates the importance of staying within the Stability and Growth Pact, which is part of the solution, not part of the problem.
A fiscal stimulus is essential, and can make a big contribution to turning the situation round and putting Europe back on the growth path. The Stability and Growth Pact provides a common and credible framework for policy coordination. Member States putting in place counter-cyclical measures will be invited to submit an updated Stability or Convergence Programme by the end of December 2008. This will spell out exactly how the Member State in question plans to reverse the fiscal deterioration and to resume progress towards it medium term objective. The Commission will assess both the budgetary impulse measures and the updated programmes.
To anchor budget deficits and debt developments and ensure that a medium-term perspective is taken into account, the Commission will always prepare a report according to Article 104(3) of the Treaty if the 3% of GDP deficit threshold is breached unless the excess over the reference value is not exceptional, temporary and close to the threshold.
While the current economic situation may certainly qualify as "exceptional", there will be little room for manoeuvre when deciding if an EDP should be pursued or not as few cases are likely to fulfil the conditions of closeness and temporariness.
This does not mean there is little scope for flexibility in the Pact. The Recovery Plan will emphasise again the importance of using the full flexibility offered by the Pact. In particular, period longer than usual to bring the deficit back under the 3% ceiling will be considered.
What will the Plan do for the most vulnerable in society and the lower skilled?
This group are at risk of being the most badly hit by the downturn and its effects may linger longest for them, unless effective help is provided. They are therefore a major focus of the plan.
In a downturn, the low skilled are often the first to lose their jobs. By stimulating activity and boosting confidence, the plan will help to keep job losses to a minimum. Firms may feel that, with a stimulus on the way, it is worth retaining employees, who they might otherwise have laid off.
Workers have already been made redundant or may lose their jobs in the coming months. It is vital to reintegrate these people back into the labour market as quickly as possible. The longer someone is out of the labour market, the harder it becomes for them to get back into employment.
The plan therefore includes a major European employment support initiative, with the Commission working with Member States to re-programme European Social Fund expenditure to ensure workers have the right skills to stay in jobs and find new jobs quickly if they are laid off. Member States will be asked to produce new Operational Programmes with the emphasis on labour market activation policies, targeted particularly at the low skilled and most vulnerable.
The kind of measures envisaged include making sure that the employment services are fully equipped and ready to provide people with personalised counselling and job search assistance, intensive (re)- training, apprenticeships, subsidised employment schemes and grants for self employment and business start-ups. The Commission will bring forward a new initiative next month ("new skills for new jobs") aimed at anticipating what skills will be necessary in tomorrow's labour market so we have the right strategies in place to avoid a mismatch between jobs available and workers skills.
In addition, the plan calls on Member States to reduce labour taxation (social contributions) on lower incomes. This will promote the employability of lower skilled workers, helping them to find new jobs and hopefully preventing them from being laid off in the first place.
The Plan also encourages innovative solutions, such as temporary hiring subsidies for vulnerable groups or service cheques for household care.
Subsidised services, such as care or home insulation, for those on low incomes or the elderly can meet currently unmet needs and, at the same time, generate jobs. There are successful examples of this kind in many Member States which could possibly be copied elsewhere.
To aid job creation in the fast growing sectors, such as the care sector, the Council is urged to adopt the proposed Directive to make permanent reduced VAT for labour-intensive services.
Integrated flexicurity strategies are especially necessary in a time of economic crisis – ensuring adequate social protection for those out of work – without removing incentives to work.
There are other measures in the Plan which will also help the most vulnerable, such as the suggestion that financing for energy-efficiency investments in social housing should be available via the Structural Funds (this is not currently the case).
What changes will be made to the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund?
The idea is to make the EGAF a more effective early intervention instrument. and to fully exploit its potential as a part of crisis response. There is no point in locking the stable door after the horse has bolted.
The Commission will propose revising the rules of the Fund and review its budget so that it can intervene more rapidly – either to co-finance training and job placements for those who are made redundant or for the retention of skilled workers who will be needed once the economy starts to recover.
Does the economic crisis mean efforts to tackle climate change will need to slow down?
The opposite is the case. The Recovery Plan includes a smart response to the crisis which will also boost the fight against climate change by speeding up investment in energy efficiency and clean technologies. This will create jobs in both the short and longer-term and help give Europe a first mover advantage which will pay dividends in terms of economic growth, energy security and environmental sustainability.
This is all the more essential as despite the recent falls in oil prices in the short term, in the medium-term the crisis is likely to lead to higher prices as investment in exploiting new sources of oil slows down and production stagnates or falls, leading to a potential shortfall in supply when growth picks up.
How will the Recovery Plan speed up the shift towards a low carbon economy?
The Plan is packed full of measures which will work in this direction. On energy efficiency, for example, it calls on Member States to set demanding targets for public buildings and both private and social housing and to make them subject to energy certification on a regular basis. To facilitate reaching their national targets, Member States should consider introducing a reduction of tax for energy-performing buildings. The Commission also calls on Member States and industry to urgently develop innovative mechanisms for financing building refurbishments (with repayments being made over several years based on energy savings).
How does the Commission propose to ensure that banks re-open credit lines for businesses?
It is very important that banks resume their normal role of providing liquidity and supporting investment in the real economy. Member States should use the major financial support provided to the banking sector to encourage a return to normal lending activities and to ensure that central interest rate cuts are passed on to borrowers.
This is primarily a matter for Member States. However, the Commission will take it into account when reviewing state aids to banks.
More generally, the Plan will help to create a climate of confidence which will encourage banks to return to normal lending activities.
Why does the Plan place so much responsibility on Member States? What is the Commission's role? Why does the Commission itself not do more?
Responsibility under the Recovery Plan is shared so that the Commission and all Member States play mutually reinforcing roles. No-one can tackle this crisis unilaterally. Coordination is the key.
Without the Commission's key contribution, there would have been no possibility of agreeing and implementing the measures taken to support banks. There would be no chance of coherently reforming Europe's financial markets. And there would be no way to implement a coordinated European Recovery Plan for the real economy.
The Commission must always be both a driving force and an "honest broker" acting in the common interest of all 27 Member States, large and small. In tackling the financial crisis, and now in implementing the Recovery Plan, the Commission's role is central and it is essentially fourfold.
First, the Commission drives agreement on measures to be taken at national level within a coordinated EU framework, to avoid one Member State's actions damaging others. For example, the Commission's input in cooperation with the French Presidency paved the way to the adoption at the 12 October euro area summit and at the15-16 October European Council of a bank rescue programme to which all Member States could sign up. The Commission is now proposing a Recovery Plan good for all 27 Member States and for Europe as a whole.
Second the Commission proposes modifications to EU law and budgets, and works with the European Parliament and Member States to adopt and implement those changes. It has recently made proposals on, for example, deposit guarantees, capital requirements, credit ratings agencies and in the context of the Strategic Energy Review. Under the Recovery Plan it will propose further measures on among other things structural funding, greener taxation and energy efficiency.
Third, the Commission monitors the implementation of both new measures and existing EU law to ensure that Member States meet their commitments and that a level playing field is maintained. In recent weeks it has approved key state aids in record time, sometimes within 24 hours.
Finally the Commission represents the EU as a whole in international negotiations, both in established fora like the WTO and the G8 and in specific crisis meetings like the Washington summit and those that will follow it.
But the Commission has only the powers attributed to it by Member States under the Treaties. The main legal and budgetary instruments for stimulating demand and employment are in the hands of the Member States. The Commission cannot replace their actions or attribute further funds to itself! Its own budget is of great strategic importance but at around 1% of EU GDP it is a tiny fraction of the EU public spending as a whole and around half the government budget of the Netherlands or one eighth that of France!
What is the link with the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs?
The Recovery Plan is an extensive reinforcement of the Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs in both the short and longer-term. It is a comprehensive response to the current crisis, with measures to boost demand and protect citizens from unemployment complemented by measures to step up investment in strategic areas where jobs can be created now and which will also contribute to Europe's competitiveness and sustainable prosperity in the long-term.
This investment further reinforces the Lisbon Strategy's emphasis on increasing investment in research and development and innovation making Europe's economy knowledge-based.
What is more the Recovery Plan builds on the success of the Lisbon Strategy in reinforcing Europe's underlying competitiveness before this crisis. For example, the budgetary room for manoeuvre enjoyed by many Member States is partly a result of having implemented Lisbon measures – in this way, the euro area overall government deficit fell from nearly 3% in 2004 to 0.6% in 2007.
In addition, the instruments available under the Lisbon Strategy for evaluation by the Commission, peer monitoring (multilateral surveillance) by Member Sates and the adoption and enforcement of country specific recommendations by the Council will be crucial in ensuring that the coordinated national measures under the Recovery Plan are fully delivered, once Heads of State and Government have approved the Plan.
New Lisbon country specific recommendations will be proposed by the Commission on 16 December 2008 and endorsed by the Spring European Council. This, combined with the new Stability and Convergence programmes, means Member States will in effect agree collectively on what each needs to do individually to implement the Recovery Plan and will monitor each other's progress based on the Commission's input.
What is the role of the state aid rules in the Recovery Plan?
The EU's state aid rules have been modernised and improved in recent years. On the one hand Member States have a very wide range of measures at their disposal to grant aid targeted at improving Europe's competitiveness. On the other hand the rules ensure a level-playing field within the Single Market and avoid that individual Member States or companies enjoy an unfair competitive advantage compared to others. This is essential to avoid triggering a subsidy race which would both damage competitiveness and exacerbate the risk of company failure and unemployment over the medium-term.
The Recovery Plan announces that the Commission will put in place a simplification package, notably to speed up its state aid decision-making. Any state aid should be channelled through horizontal schemes designed to promote the Lisbon objectives, notably research, innovation, training, environmental protection and in particular clean technologies, transport and energy efficiency. The Commission will also temporarily authorise Member States to ease access to finance for companies through subsidised guarantees and loan subsidies for investments in products going beyond EU environmental standards.
What are the changes regarding social and cohesion funding?
The thrust of these changes is not to increase social and cohesion funding per se, but to accelerate or "front load" it. More money would be available earlier (up to €6.3 billion in 2009) and there will be correspondingly less to spend later on in the programming period.
This means that the money can be spent now when the need is greatest because of the downturn.
The danger is that, with national budgets currently under severe pressure, Member States may delay planned investments. With more Community funding available up front, they can increase the Community contribution to projects now, so allowing planned investments to go ahead (although the principle of co-financing must be maintained over the whole programming period, so Member States will have to pay a correspondingly larger share later on).
It may be possible to have 100% Community funding for some individual projects (again, as long as the principle of co-financing is maintained over the programming period as a whole).
The Commission has proposed alongside the Recovery Plan the necessary modifications to the Regulations on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Funds.
How will the Recovery Plan help to modernise Europe's infrastructure?
Apart from changes regarding cohesion funding (see previous question) the plan will step up infrastructure investments in a number of ways, including:
What is new in the plan for SMEs?
The plan aims to enhance access to financing for SMEs. The EIB has put together an overall package of loans to SMEs which will now reach 30 billion euros for the period 2008-2011. In addition, an additional 1 billion euros will be conferred by the EIB to the EIF for a mezzanine finance facility. The EIF will also accelerate the implementation of the financial instruments under the EU's Competitiveness and Innovation Programme.
Meanwhile, Member States should make full use of the recently reformed rules for granting state aid, particularly for SMEs. To assist them, the Commission will put in place a simplification package, notably to speed up its state aid decision making.
In addition to this, the Commission will make it temporarily easier for Member States to grant certain kinds of aid to SMEs (e.g. loans for investments in the manufacture of products complying early with, or going beyond, new Community standards which increase the level of environmental protection).
The Plan also contains very concrete, specific measures to reduce administrative burdens on business, promote their cash flow and help more people to become entrepreneurs.
These measures build on the proposed Small Business Act: They include:
What is the role of research in the plan?
The plan states that Member States should increase planned investments in R&D and innovation. While this might seem counter-intuitive, there are many examples in the past of countries (both inside and outside Europe) which have had the foresight to increase research spending in difficult economic times and have benefited economically as a result. Investments in R&D and innovation are medium to long-term oriented and contribute to strengthen the basis for rapid knowledge-based growth when economic conditions improve.
How much will the EU budget contribute to the Plan and how much will the European Investment Bank (EIB) contribute?
In 2009 there will be up to €14.4 billion from the EU budget in the form of €5 billion of additional funding for Energy Inter Connections and Broadband, €6.3 billion for advanced social and cohesion fund payments, €2.1 billion in total redeployed from existing budgets for green cars, energy efficient buildings and factories of the future and high-speed internet, and €0.5 billion of advanced funds for trans-European transport networks, as well as €0.5 billion for various other projects
Total additional intervention from the EIB will be €15.6 billion in 2009 with a similar figure in 2010.
EIB funding will also generate a positive leveraging of additional private investment.
The European Bank of Reconstruction and Development will also add €500 million a year to its current level of financing in new Member States.
How will the Recovery Plan benefit the car industry?
The Commission wants a viable and competitive car industry in Europe. The Recovery plan aims to protect jobs in this key sector and to ensure its long-term viability by encouraging sustainable reform that embraces new environmentally friendly technology and makes Europe's car manufacturers world leaders in an increasingly competitive market.
To begin with, the fiscal stimulus should in itself boost all Europe's industries, by directly increasing purchasing power and also by helping restore confidence – large purchases like cars are more dependent on confidence than most others.
In addition, the Plan emphasises the need to make sure that banks – especially those in receipt of state support - maintain and increase lending at affordable rates. This too will help small businesses and individuals make large purchases which require finance, including vehicles.
What is more several of the specific measures announced in the Commission proposal aim to help the car industry.
For example:
The Recovery Plan also aims to ensure a coordinated European response so that problems in one Member State are dealt with and not exported to others, for example through state aid with an unduly distorting effect.
What does it do for the construction sector?
What is the "factories of the future" initiative?
This is the third new partnership between public and private sectors proposed in the plan.
It has an estimated envelope of 1.2 billion euros.
The objective is to help EU manufacturers across sectors, in particular SMEs, to adapt to global competitive pressures by boosting their technological base.
The focus will be on the enabling technologies of the future, such as engineering technologies for adaptable machines and industrial processes, ICT, and advanced materials.
How does the Plan promote broadband?
The Commission and Member States should work with stakeholders to develop a broadband strategy to accelerate the upgrading and extension of networks.
The strategy will be supported by public funds in order to provide broadband access to under-served and high cost areas where the market cannot deliver. The aim should be to reach 100% coverage of high speed internet by 2010.
In addition, Member States should promote competitive investments in fibre networks and endorse the Commission's proposals to free up spectrum for wireless broadband.
What is the role of trade and development?
Keeping trade links and investment opportunities open is vital – because Europe's return to solid growth will depend on its capacity to export and because global recovery depends to a large extent on the performance of emerging and developing economies.
The EU will therefore maintain its commitment to open markets across the globe, keeping its own market as open as possible and insisting that third countries do the same.
It will seek early agreement on a global trade deal in the Doha Round. A successful conclusion to the Doha Round would boost recovery worldwide and the G20 Summit in Washington agreed to strive to reach a framework agreement paving the way for that by the end of this year. It will also create a network of ambitious free trade agreements with a range of partners.
It will seek more effective regulatory co-operation, including through the Transatlantic Economic Council.
The crisis will add to existing pressures on developing countries. So, it is all the more important that the EU, and others, maintain their commitments to achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
Is the financial market crisis over – is it only the real economy that matters now?
No. The extensive and ongoing action on financial markets at EU and global level is closely integrated in the Recovery Plan. If it is implemented fully across Europe, the Recovery Plan, by bolstering the real economy, will make a major contribution to restoring confidence and to putting the financial markets back on an even keel, thus boosting lending to businesses and individuals and turning a vicious cycle into a virtuous one.
Equally, if the Recovery Plan is to maximise effectiveness, Member States will need to ensure that banks, especially those receiving support under the European programme for supporting the banking sector, free up lending and ensure that interest rate cuts are passed on to borrowers.
The EU programme for recapitalising banks, guaranteeing customer deposits and inter-bank lending has stabilised the situation. The steps already taken and in the pipeline – for example on credit ratings agencies, capital requirements, derivatives and hedge funds - will provide further reassurance and help get financial markets back on their feet and at the service of depositors, policy holders and investors. The global agreement and international work effort agreed in Washington on 15 November is of key significance.
But the financial market situation remains precarious. The current threat to the real economy represents a "second round" threat to the financial markets, notably because if there were to be spiral of company failures and unemployment, that would lead to defaults on loans by both businesses and individuals. Such defaults would reduce banks' capacity to lend, exacerbate the credit crunch and in turn further damage the real economy.
The risk of worsening turmoil in both the real economy and in financial markets creating such a "negative feedback loop" is a key reason why the Commission Recovery Plan is necessary and urgent.
Side Bar


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England Rugby
Jones slams "arrogant" England
ESPN Staff
December 9, 2012
Manu Tuilagi starred for England against the All Blacks © PA Photos
Former Australia head coach Eddie Jones has accused England of arrogance following their recent victory over the All Blacks.
Jones slammed England centre Manu Tuilagi for walking across the try line, which Jones viewed as taunting the World Champions, rather than sprinting under the posts as he scored in the 38-21 win at Twickenham last weekend.
Jones, who now coaches Japan, believes Stuart Lancaster should stamp out such behaviour as it is disrespectful to the opposition and damaging to the game.
"There were already signs at the weekend of arrogance, with their centre walking over the line. That's disrespectful to the world champions," Jones told the Sunday Express.
"If they don't control that kind of thing, they won't go forward as a team. You don't want to see that sort of thing creep into the game because it's not good for rugby.
"It doesn't wind up other teams but the game is about respect. That's one thing we simply must keep in the game. You'd never see any of New Zealand's players do that.
"They run hard and try to get under the posts to make the kick as easy as possible. So why didn't the England boy do that? Why didn't he run under the posts to make the kick easier? It is very important to keep a tight lid on that kind of attitude."
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Greetings and salutations.
Here is a video of my speech at the St. John's University Rally for Religious Freedom on March 22, 2012. The rally was in response to the current administration's redefinition of religious institutions such that they would have to violate their conscience. For details about the specific controversy, see the USCCB.
Here is my speech:
Here is the NY1 news report
Please leave comments below.


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Model Development Tools (MDT)
Revision as of 13:11, 5 May 2008 by Codeslave.ca.ibm.com (Talk | contribs) (→Proposed Components)
The Model Development Tools (MDT) project focuses on big "M" modeling within the Modeling project. Its purpose is twofold:
- To provide an implementation of industry standard metamodels.
- To provide exemplary tools for developing models based on those metamodels.
The first release of MDT (1.0) was in June of 2007 - see New & Noteworthy for details. The next release of MDT (1.1), is planned for end of June, 2008 - see New & Noteworthy for updates.
For an up to date list of components, see:
Proposed Components
- Papyrus: An open source UML & SysML graphical editor
- Javier Muñoz, Sébastien Gérard, Raphaël Faudou
- Component owners: please provide a quick wiki page at the above links, culled from the materials linked above.
- MDT 1.1 Project Plan
- MDT 1.1 New and Noteworthy features by milestone
For previous releases:
- MDT 1.0 Project Plan
- MDT 1.0 New and Noteworthy features by milestone
Documentation & Assistance
Newsgroups / Mailing Lists
Have a question? Try the FAQ for your individual component. If that doesn't help, chances are your question has been answered in the newsgroup.
Builds & Server Configuration
See Category:EMFT or Category:Releng.
- EclipseCon 2007 Short Talk - Slides from "What is MDT?" short talk at EclipseCon 2007.
- MDT Europa Release Review - Slides from the Europa Simultaneous Release review of MDT.
- EclipseCon 2008 Long Talk - Slides from "Open Source Meets Open Specifications: Eclipse and the OMG" long talk at EclipseCon 2008.
- EclipseCon 2008 Short Talk - Slides from "What's New in MDT?" short talk at EclipseCon 2008.


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Possible Duplicate:
open source ATI drivers not working
In the brand new Ubuntu 11.10 the drivers of ATI Radeon X1200 Series(RS690M) seems to be broken. Even when moving single window, it's barely moving. The drivers in 11.04 were working very well till the upgrade. When we can expect the thins working back again?


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As the recognized leader for special education professional standards, CEC develops standards, ethics and practices and guidelines to ensure that individuals with exceptionalities have access to well-prepared, career-oriented special educators.
Through the vision and dedication of more than 22,000 members, CEC sets the standard for high quality education for children and youth with exceptionalities. And, CEC is known as THE source for information, resources and professional development for special educators.
Join as a new member
Renew your membership
You'll find professional development offerings to meet the needs of all special educators – including those of you who are time-crunched, cost-conscious or in need of CEUs in order to meet state obligations. Please join us and invite others to engage the potential!
CEC publishes and distributes products designed to help practitioners work more effectively in the classroom. Learn more about CEC's publications and journals.
Special Education Topics includes information about the different exceptionality areas; international special education; hot topics in special education; and professional practice topics such as assessment, evidence-based practices and inclusion.
Insightful and pioneering research, topical issues, and broad perspectives by leaders in the field for more than 75 years have made Exceptional Children (EC) the most respected scholarly journal in special education.
This peer-review journal publishes research, research reviews, methodological reviews of literature, data-based position papers, and policy analyses on the education and development of children and youth with exceptionalities. EC is published quarterly.
Member login to Exceptional Children Online
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John Wills Lloyd, University of Virginia
William Therrien, University of Virginia


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For all enquiries please call (02) 8627 3314
The Traumatic Stress Clinic provides cutting-edge, evidence-based treatments and undertakes world-class research for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and prolonged grief. The Clinic is an affiliation between a number of researchers, organisations and clinical psychologists, and is directed by Professor Richard Bryant.
The Traumatic Stress Clinic is based at the Westmead Institute for Medical Research and the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia.
The treatment programs currently offered at the Traumatic Stress Clinic include:
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Prolonged Grief
Emergency Service Workers


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Injury-riddled Yankees an early-season surprise
On Tuesday night, the Yankees handed Tampa Bay's winless David Price his second loss of the young season. They did it with a spirited two-run ninth-inning rally against Price, the 2012 American League Cy Young Award winner, and relief ace Fernando Rodney, last year's AL Comeback Player of the Year.
On Wednesday night, with Rodney again on the mound in the ninth and runners on second and third, and trailing, 3-0, the Yanks were poised for more magic, but went down without a whimper. The Rays and young Alex Cobb won, 3-0.
On Tuesday night, the Yankees handed Tampa Bay's winless David Price his second loss of the young season. They did it with a spirited two-run ninth-inning rally against Price, the 2012 American League Cy Young Award winner, and relief ace Fernando Rodney, last year's AL Comeback Player of the Year.
On Wednesday night, with Rodney again on the mound in the ninth and runners on second and third, and trailing, 3-0, the Yanks were poised for more magic, but went down without a whimper. The Rays and young Alex Cobb won, 3-0.
There was no Alex Rodriguez or Curtis Granderson or Derek Jeter or Mark Teixeira around to drive in the runs. They're on the disabled list, their return not in sight. And for this series at Tropicana Field -- the Rays won two of three -- Kevin Youkilis was on the shelf with an aching lower back. He remained out Thursday.
Aside from a few familiar faces, Yankees manager Joe Girardi has been coping with his injury-riddled roster and sending out to battle an assortment of, well, Major League retreads -- the likes of Vernon Wells, Travis Hafner, Lyle Overbay, Ben Francisco, Brennan Boesch, et al.
And that's where the negatives end.
Yes, the defending AL East champs flew back to New York late Wednesday night having lost twice to the Rays, who after a depressing 2-7 road trip jetted off to Chicago after winning five of six against the Athletics and Yanks at the Trop.
Even with the two losses, the Yankees are playing better than anyone expected. They were to open a 10-game homestand Thursday night against Toronto at Yankee Stadium, resting in third place, just 2 1/2 games behind first-place Boston. They should have been buried by now.
The Yanks are 10-5 over their last 15 games, tied with the Red Sox for the best record in the AL over that stretch.
When they left Spring Training, last rites were being written about the Yankees as a contender in the tough AL East. Instead, Girardi's makeshift lineup has been one of the season's biggest surprises.
It's downright amazing, considering the high-priced talent that has yet to play a 2013 game.
The five players on the DL have salaries totaling $84,382,840. Add Youkilis' $12 million and the number is $96,382,840.
Consider: Rodriguez ($29 million), Teixeira ($23.125 million), Jeter ($16,729,365) and Granderson ($15 million). That's a huge hunk of their MLB-leading $230 million payroll.
"They've pieced it together pretty nicely, the guys they've brought in," said Rays manager Joe Maddon. "I'm a big Ben Francisco fan. Vernon Wells has gotten off to a good start for them, Travis Hafner has shown well. Their catching is better -- a lot better -- than they've been given credit for.
"Overall, this team, the lineup, is much better than it's been given credit for. Their starting pitching is strong and I like their bullpen."
With the underwhelming lineup trailing, 3-2, on Tuesday night, the manner in which New York came from behind in the ninth inning was a confidence builder.
"It always gives you confidence when you're behind in a game [and rally to win]," said Girardi. "It builds character and they're good wins, hard-fought wins. It's good for the spirit of a club.
"When you look at the two guys we beat [Price and Rodney], they don't make a lot of mistakes."
The Yankees battled back for a run against Price in the eighth and then scored those two runs in the ninth on Ichiro Suzuki's single.
"It's the same thing if we play Toronto or Boston, it seems like," said center fielder Brett Gardner. "Every night we're facing one of the best."
On Wednesday night, Andy Pettitte's strong outing was wasted mostly because he was outpitched by Cobb and Rodney. For the veteran Pettitte, now 3-1, it was the first time this season he did not make it through seven innings.
"We had a chance," said Girardi. "That's what you want to have when you're losing games -- an opportunity to win it. Our guys put good at-bats on Rodney, but he's been outstanding. We got him Tuesday night, but weren't able to get him this time."
In the ninth inning on Wednesday, with runners on first and second, one out, All-Star second baseman Robinson Cano, who entered the game batting .342 with six homers and 14 RBIs, grounded out.
Cano was New York's best long-ball chance, but Rodney then got Hafner to pop out and it was over.
"There's just not anything you can say about it," Cano said. "They beat us tonight."
The retooled Blue Jays, picked by many to win the division, are off to a dreadful start as they head to the Bronx. They're in last place with a 9-13 record. After that, the lowly Astros make their first appearance in Yankee Stadium as an AL team, followed by Oakland.
For the Yanks, even though it's early, this is an important homestand.
They're obviously a band of overachievers at this point, but before they hit the road again on May 7, the Yankees have a chance to prove their surprising start is legitimate.
Or as Maddon said, they maybe aren't getting the credit they deserve.
Hal Bodley is the senior correspondent for MLB.com.


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Answering this question becomes harder and harder every day, as the number of successful individuals who have and have not received a formal education continues to rise. Whilst many people are strict advocates of going to university in order to learn the ins and outs of web development, others value self-taught skills and techniques as a higher level of learning. So, which of these avenues is the best route for you?
Why do people go to school?
Many young people will head off to university before attempting to find a job in the web development industry because they feel that that is what is expected of them. Others decide to go to school because they wish to study another course alongside development (such as business or arts). And others still will apply to university because they have been led to believe that this is the only way they will get the sort of job they want. There are a number of benefits associated with studying at university, however, as you will receive a very detailed knowledge of many relevant programs and languages, including: coding, HTML, CSS, PHP, and RSS feeds.
Why don't people go to school?
After finishing high school, many other young people will also decide not to attend university to study web development because they've already studied something and do not wish to go back. Others decide that university is not for them because they were never any good at school. And others still will avoid university because they simply cannot afford the exorbitant fees. These people take more a self-taught route, which involves a lot of practice with the different programs used in development and the viewing of hundreds of online tutorials when they come across something they do not understand.
Which one is better?
At the end of the day, each of these different routes into the web development industry has their advantages and disadvantages. Which one is best for you will depend entirely on your situation. Many people struggle to find a job without a formal qualification in the form of a degree or a doctorate, whereas others have no problem in getting out-sourced work from larger companies that gives them the experience they need to get full time work. You may even begin a degree in web development then decide that it's not the route for you – this is fine, and your future as a developer is certainly not over.


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By Rob Glidden
Staff Writer
The Community Services Department has invited the community to help design a new logo, and the winner's artwork will be placed on the department's van and seen all over town.
Director Janet Mellon said she was hoping for an image that would eventually become synonymous with the department and recognized all over Southington.
"When you see that tree logo, you think of STEPS," Mellon said. "You think of the YMCA when you see that big Y. We wanted something like that."
The idea is coming in the midst of greater community focus on local artists and their work, which Mellon hopes will translate to more participation. Finalists will be shown to the Town Council, who will pick a winner.
The deadline for entries is Friday, May 24. Participants can drop their entries off at the department's headquarters on 91 Norton Street, mail them or email to firstname.lastname@example.com. The winning artist will receive a Southington basket full of small gifts.
"I'm excited about all the different possibilities," Mellon said. "It will be really neat to see what people think of as a symbol for us."


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January 5, 2013 KAMLOOPS, (ISN) – The Kamloops Blazers defeated the Seattle Thunderbirds 6-1 Friday night at the Interior Savings Centre in Kamloops, British Columbia.
The T-Birds take on the Spokane Chiefs Saturday night at ShoWare Center at 7:05pm.
Goalie Danny Mumaugh made his first career start for the T-Birds. He stopped 30 of 36 shots and got the loss, dropping his record to 0-2-0-0.
Seattle (16-19-2-1) jumped in front 1-0 at 14:38 of the first period with a power-play goal. Brendan Rouse crossed the puck from the right point to Branden Troock at the left point. Troock put a shot on goal that missed the net. The puck rebounded off the back boards to Justin Hickman at the right post. Hickman jammed the puck past Kamloops goalie Taran Kozun for his 10th goal of the year.
Kamloops (27-10-2-2) tied the game 1-1 at 18:45 of the first when Cole Ully scored. Brendan Ranford and Joel Edmundson had the assists.
The Blazers outshot the T-Birds 12-6 in the first period.
Joe Kornelson scored an unassisted goal at 5:47 of the second period to put the Blazers in front 2-1.
Kamloops went in front 3-1 at 16:20 of the second when Matt Needham scored. Dylan Willick and Edmundson were credited with the assists.
Kale Kessy scored a five-on-three power-play goal at 19:49 of the second to extend their lead to 4-1. Ranford and Tim Bozon had the assists.
Kamloops led 23-14 in shots after outshooting the T-Birds 11-8 in the second period.
The Blazers scored a power-play goal 35 seconds into the third period to take a 5-1 lead. Josh Connolly scored the goal off assists from Ranford and Ully.
Kessy added a second goal on the night at 14:03 of the third to give the Blazers a 6-1 lead. Ully and Ranford had the assists.
The Blazers outshot the T-Birds 13-9 in the third period and 36-23 in the game.
Kozun made 22 saves on 23 shots and his record is now 9-3-1-1.
T-Birds single game tickets for the 2012-13 season are available online at the T-Birds website and at the ShoWare Center box office. The ShoWare Center Box Office is open Monday through Friday 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., Saturday 10 a.m. to 2 p.m., Saturday game days at 10 a.m. and Sunday game days at noon.
T-Birds season tickets are currently on sale. Season tickets can be purchased by calling the T-Birds office at 253-239-7825.
First period – 1, Seattle, Hickman 10 (Troock, Rouse), 14:38 (pp). 2, Kamloops, Ully 12 (Ranford, Edmundson), 18:45. Penalties – Hickman, Sea (roughing), 4:14. Ranford, Kam (high-sticking), 14:15.
Second period – 3, Kamloops, Kornelson 3, 5:47. 4, Kamloops, Needham 6 (Willick, Edmundson), 16:20. 5, Kamloops, Kessy 10 (Ranford, Bozon), 19:49 (pp). Penalties – Troock, Sea (high-sticking), 3:07. Swenson, Sea (slashing), 8:47. Hickman, Sea (tripping), 18:24. Forsberg, Sea (slashing, roughing, 10-minute misconduct), 19:07. Edmundson, Kam (roughing), 19:07.
Third period – 6, Kamloops, Connolly 1 (Ranford, Ully), :35 (pp). 7, Kamloops, Kessy 11 (Ully, Ranford), 14:03. Penalties – Bench, Kam (too many men-served by Souto), 1:10. Grist, Kam (delay of game), 17:04.
Shots on goal – Seattle 6-8-9 23, Kamloops 12-11-13 36. Goalies – Seattle, Mumaugh 36 shots-30 saves (0-2-0-0); Kamloops, Kozun 23-22 (9-3-1-1). Power plays – Seattle 1-3; Kamloops 2-5. A – 5,114. Referees – Mark Pearce, Sean Raphael. Linesmen – Riley Balson, Ryan Dawson.


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Growing up with a rare form of dwarfism, one might assume that I've gone through life with a disadvantage. After all, everyday tasks were much harder for me than for most people. Reaching the third shelf in the refrigerator, opening heavy doors and even taking care of my own personal hygiene were nearly impossible for me at 3.5 feet tall.
If I felt like making myself a bowl of cereal, the preparations were extensive. First, I'd have to fashion stairs out of my mom's cookbooks and climb up on the countertop. Once there, like an acrobat in front of an awe-struck audience, I'd balance on various kitchen accouterments to reach my favorite bowl.
"Tiffanie!" my startled mother would shout when she caught me in pursuit of the things I needed. "Why don't you just ask me to get that for you?"
The answer was simple: I wanted to do it myself. And that's why I have not lived my life at a disadvantage. It was that do-it-myself mentality that motivated me to take drastic measures. I wanted desperately to be self-sufficient. So, in order to live a life of independence, I underwent several bone-lengthening surgeries that gave me more height than any other patient on record. Today, thanks to those surgeries, I am a proud 4'10" and living the life I always wanted.
That memory of being too small to reach the cupboard is important to me for two reasons. It reminded me that I wouldn't always have someone around to help me -- and how tiresome it would be to always wait around for assistance. Second, I learned that not everything I decide to do on my own will be easy and crying about it won't solve anything.
As my mom, a veteran of the first Gulf War, lovingly says, "Get a straw and suck it up!"
Looking back on my unusual childhood, I believe that the cards life dealt me actually helped prepare me for my future as a military wife. I like to consider it my own personal basic training. Giving credit to my disability helps me to stay focused on my abilities as a military wife, rather than to focus on my shortcomings (pun intended).
Why? These are my top five reasons being disabled has made me a stronger military wife.
1. I've learned to adopt and overcome. I spent a majority of my childhood molding myself into a mini MacGyver. By age five, I could spot random household items that could serve me in the unique ways that I needed. Spatulas and pencils were great tools to flick on light switches that were beyond my reach. Towels were used for far more than just drying myself -- they were also my nets that I would use to swing, slap and trap just about anything and drag it toward me. All these things and many more became a part of my daily arsenal to make it through the day. Even going to the bathroom became a situation where I had to improvise, adapt and overcome using a simple pair of salad tongs to do my business.
Many years later, I learned that being married to a Marine means that adapting to things around you is a constant task. Deployment dates come from seemingly out of nowhere and are often extended. Schedules change and families are constantly uprooted to new duty station. It's a game of constantly rolling with the punches. And it's a game that I might not respect or understand if I hadn't already been playing for most of my life.
2. My strong sense of patriotism. My mom is a former Air Force Lieutenant. With love and a healthy dose of respect, I called her G.I. Jane growing up for the way she'd bark orders at me and expect nothing less than my very best. My dad is a veteran of the National Guard and my grandfather was a fighting Navy Seabee during WWII. Joining the military is a tradition in my family -- one I would have loved to continue if I were physically able.
After Sept. 11, I thought, 'Why can't I serve my country?' Surely, there is something I can do? And there was. I joined a military pen pal site and recruited my friends to send care packages to those serving our country who wanted mail. We spent hours tying little yellow ribbons around candies and treats. Together we gathered books by the dozen and coffee by the pound. Everything was sent with a single note that read, "Hello from home." (As fate would have it, this is how I met my husband.)
When I sent these items to the Middle East, I realized that to serve your country, you don't necessarily have to be enlisted. You can still be exceptionally supportive and play an extremely imperative role. A strong military spouse is synonymous with being the foundation to a house -- without one, the entire place can fall apart.
3. I understand that it's not all about me. It took my surgeon, Dr. Errol Mortimer, 14 hours to complete the bone-lengthening surgery on my lower legs. I didn't wake up from it until four days later. The pain was horrifying. Every sensation contradicted itself -- hot, then cold, sharp and then dull aches. My muscles shivered and clamped around the metal rods inserted into my bones to stretch them. It felt like my body was revolting against me. It all hurt so badly I wanted to scream, but that would have hurt even more. But the hardest part of coming out of surgery was seeing my father at the foot of my bed, his head was in his hands and he was crying the tears I couldn't. Undergoing such major surgery to improve my life didn't affect only me. My whole family was invested and involved.
It wasn't just about me, which is a lesson I've also learned being a military wife. It isn't about how I feel, my discontent with the long hours or my contentment with where our next duty station will be. Rather, it's about being part of something greater than myself. Interestingly enough, this is a concept that can be applied to anyone serving in the military. It's not about "you," it's about the larger group. And really, can't that be said for any relationship or marriage, military or otherwise?
4. I don't sweat the small stuff. Well, here's something I've never shared publicly before (not even in my memoir) … I have eight toes. When I was a teenager, my feet were too wide to fit comfortably in average sneakers or dress shoes. My pinky toe was constantly squished, rubbed red and raw from being forced into my shoes. There were even times it turned blue after hours of being on my feet. Tired of it and totally defiant in regards to the need for a pinky toe, I made the decision to have my doctor remove it -- on both feet. It was among the best decisions I ever made. However, initially after the procedure, I felt ashamed and did all I could to hide my feet. I even went swimming with socks on in front of my friends.
But as my doctor said to me, "If someone is going to count your toes, do you really want them as a friend?" It put things in perspective. And perspective is exactly what a military spouse needs to have. All the time! The constant long hours, family dinners missed because of training, and overnights in the field? Oh well. He's home safe.
5. I know that scars are badges of honor. The first night I met my husband, we ordered pizza and rented movies. He was three hours late, got lost, and the delivery we'd ordered tasted like cardboard. To this day, I believe if we sprinkled oregano on the box it would have tasted better than the pie. It made for good conversation, though. And so did the scars we had on our bodies. "I got this one from concertina wire my first time in Iraq," Eric said, showing me a slice on his leg. "You call that a scar?" I teased him, rolling up my sleeves to reveal the deep knots engraved on my arms from the bone lengthening surgeries. "Now this is a scar!"
What I'll always take away from that night is scars come in so many shapes and sizes. Some are deep and wide while others are small and shallow. More importantly, it helped me realize many serious scars are invisible. The scars on my body are out there for everyone to see, but one day my husband's wounds may not always be so obvious. And like mine took time to heal, I'll forever remember to be patience with him during his time to mend his wounds.
Tiffanie DiDonato is stationed on Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville, N.N., with her husband, Sgt. Eric Gabrielse. The granddaughter of a Navy Seabee and the daughter of an Air Force Lieutenant and Spc. in the National Guard, she has been featured in Allure Magazine and is the author of an inspirational memoir titled DWARF: How One Woman Fought for a Body - And a Life - She Was Never Supposed to Have.


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This article first appeared in Aviation Week & Space Technology,
Northrop Grumman is turning to some unique teaming arrangements to pursue niche, and possibly productive, markets adjacent to the company's traditional defense work with the Pentagon on large platforms.
In the global financial downturn, the Pentagon and large militaries abroad are unlikely to start major new programs at the pace to which the company has grown accustomed. Thus, two of Northrop's recent business ventures are unusual for a company that is geared to chasing major campaigns. One is aimed specifically at training pilots to launch and recover unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) -- operations where many mishaps occur. Another endeavor is a manned aircraft project to address what company officials see as an unmet need by law-enforcement agencies and developing nations to purchase low-priced surveillance aircraft.
These two undertakings were solidified with partners this spring, just as Northrop Grumman was in full throttle trying to save its premier UAS program, the Global Hawk Block 30, from termination by the U.S. Air Force. As top corporate officials continue to focus on the Global Hawk, a small group within the company is pursuing these smaller ventures.
The Operationally Responsive Systems unit falls under Northrop Grumman Technical Services. A significant part of the operations of its manned aircraft division, called the Aberdeen Integration Center, is located near Baltimore at Martin State Airport, close to the U.S. Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground. The activities of the unit's unmanned group, called the Unmanned Systems Sustainment Center, are centered primarily in Arizona, although they shift according to where aircraft are deployed.
The Aberdeen Integration Center announced its exclusive partnership with Quest Aircraft to market a surveillance version of the Kodiak single-engine aircraft in March. Design and payload testing are being done on the team's Air Claw demonstrator, a 2009-model of the Kodiak, says Kenny Stidham, the lead test pilot for the project. At $1.7 million per aircraft, the Kodiak falls well below the price of the nearly ubiquitous Hawker Beechcraft King Air 350ER, a twin-engine aircraft preferred by the Pentagon, or the Pilatus PC-12, a single-engine turboprop also used by military customers, says Thomas Kubit, director of business development for the Operationally Responsive Systems unit. The Kodiak received government certification in 2007.
Eighty Kodiaks are in the field worldwide now, most of them in use by non-governmental agencies for humanitarian operations in remote locations in Africa or South America, he says. But the target market encompasses the militaries of developing nations that require some surveillance or intelligence collection as well as law-enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad. The technology of the platform and mission systems are not subject to International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), Kubit notes.
The per-unit price of the surveillance aircraft is expected to be slightly more than $4 million, the ballpark price of a "green" PC-12, and well under the King Air 350's roughly $8 million list price, says Kubit. The Kodiak-based system "was targeted at bringing an extremely high value and a price point to a portion of the market" that cannot afford today's options, he says.
Air Claw, the demonstrator that first flew in July, features the "baseline" configuration of a FLIR Systems Star Sapphire electro-optical/infrared sensor ball as well as the Hawkeye wide-area surveillance sensor provided by Persistent Surveillance Systems. This company also provides "forensic" software that is able to track objects backward in time, allowing operators to locate the origins of targets or suspects. This sensor and software, now in use by an unnamed customer on the U.S. southern border, were responsible for helping to identify the suspects in 34 murders in that area during six months of operations, says Aaron Boesch, vice president at Persistent Surveillance Systems.
During a short demonstration flight, Boesch showed how the wide-area sensor can capture high-resolution black-and-white imagery of a 4 X 4-mi. area at a frame per second. Each person represents a single pixel, which can be enlarged if needed.
Northrop Grumman also is working on software to allow this Hawkeye sensor to cue the FLIR sensor ball, which can capture more high-fidelity images of targets. That integration is now handled by onboard operators. During the flight, the Kodiak loitered at 85-90 kt. at 9,000 ft. over Martin State Airport and provided persistent surveillance of the area. Company officials stress that the superior low-speed handling of the Kodiak is well-suited to such missions; the platform can also perform short takeoffs and landings on austere air strips.
Interest in small, highly reliable and austere intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance collectors has blossomed since 2001, when the Pentagon began rapidly fielding small aircraft with unique ISR packages while hunting Osama bin Laden and top Al Qaeda officials globally. Though the company is flying the baseline mission system, the package can be tailored to include capabilities such as a small synthetic aperture radar, communications intelligence collectors and satellite communications.
Although Northrop has garnered no orders thus far, Kubit says interest is high, especially in the law-enforcement community and some foreign militaries. Deliveries can be made within a year of an order, he adds.
In the meantime, the Operationally Responsive Systems unit is also promoting a unique offering to the U.S. Air Force to train its growing cadre of General Atomics Reaper and Predator UAS pilots to conduct takeoffs and landings. Predators and Reapers suffer a high incident rate during launch and recovery. This is partially due to the latency of satellite communications used for controlling the UAS. Pilots often overcompensate for movements at the controls because of the latency of response to their commands.
The strategy is to sell training services for Predator and Reaper pilots using a Northrop Grumman-owned aircraft, called the Sandstorm, and an Internet-based control system, called the Longshot. Sandstorm -- an actual 15-ft.-wingspan unmanned aircraft designed to mimic the flight characteristics of the Predator and Reaper -- would be controlled remotely by students anywhere with a wideband Internet connection. Northrop's system replicates the controls of a Reaper/Predator pilot, including the feedback of the stick and throttle. Ten Sandstorms have been produced by Montana-based Unmanned Systems Inc., and the team experimented with them long before cementing its partnership in April, says Karl Purdy, manager of new UAS programs at Northrop Grumman.
Purdy estimates that the project will pay for itself by reducing the number of costly Air Force mishaps in the field. "We believe it will save them $75 million per year," he says. Each Sandstorm costs less than $100,000, a fraction of the Reaper's multimillion-dollar price tag. The aircraft, which has a 15-ft. wingspan and is 8 ft. long, is roughly one-quarter the size of Reaper.
The Sandstorm/Longshot can perform 100 landings for the price of one by a Reaper, he says. Today, pilots train for launch and recovery using actual Predators and Reapers, causing substantial wear and tear on the platforms. Northrop's vision is to sell services to the Air Force to qualify more experienced launch-and-recovery pilots by providing them with more stick time on the Sandstorm/Longshot system than they would receive in current training.
The Internet-based model would allow for training at various locations, and a safety pilot is always present with the Sandstorm to take control of the aircraft in the event of a student error or loss of Internet connection.
Purdy argues that actual hardware is needed to teach launch-and-recovery operations because simulators cannot properly emulate the environment, including latency of controls for remote operations. This latency, or delay, was a contributing factor in many accidents because pilots tend to over-command the stick if they do not see instant feedback on the screen when operating the UAS; thus, they can run off a runway or descend too quickly while landing.
Northrop Grumman officials say the technology is applicable to other UAS fleets because it enables operators to program in the flight characteristics of aircraft such as the Hunter UAS or a bevy of Israeli models sold globally.
Operationally Responsive Systems, which is spearheading these projects, has quietly been supporting classified customers and their manned aircraft for 21 years, says Kubit. It also has worked on mission systems for the Army's Guardrail aircraft and a variety of platforms from business jets to single-engine aircraft. This unit spearheaded Northrop Grumman's failed bid to win the Army's Enhanced Medium-Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System contract. Because of the types of activities it pursues, Operationally Responsive Systems has remained largely shrouded in secrecy.
However, the unit as well as similar divisions of its major competitors -- L-3 Communications, Sierra Nevada and Boeing (with the recent win of the Enhanced Medium-Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System, or Emarss, contract) -- has become more visible partly due to the expansion of potential markets for their respective products.
Credit: Quest


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No rush to comb lengthy list of candidates
Kerr, Van Gundy top lengthy list of candidates
The Warriors have started a methodical and calculated plan to identify their next head coach, a process that owner Joe Lacob says could take anywhere from one day to two months.
The team has contacted top candidates Steve Kerr and Stan Van Gundy in hopes of setting up two of as many as a dozen potential interviews to pinpoint a replacement for Mark Jackson, who was fired Tuesday.
"We're going to take our time in this process," Lacob said. "We're going to interview a number of people. We have a very good idea of what we're interested in. But, to be sure and to do the appropriate job in looking for a coach, we will interview multiple people and make sure we're doing the right thing."
The Warriors are expected to contact the Chicago Bulls to explore the availability of their head coach, defensive whiz Tom Thibodeau, who was an assistant in Boston when Lacob was a minority owner of the 2008 champion Celtics.
They're also believed to be considering the merits of former NBA head coaches Lionel Hollins, Mike D'Antoni, George Karl and Jerry Sloan, and college head coaches Fred Hoiberg and Kevin Ollie, and are waiting for assistants David Fizdale, Alvin Gentry and Nate McMillan, the latter two former head coaches, to complete playoff runs.
But the process starts with Kerr and Van Gundy.
Kerr - a five-time NBA championship player, former Phoenix Suns general manager and current TNT analyst - has the leadership skills and the basketball mind that could allow him to choose the destination of his first head-coaching assignment from among the Warriors, Knicks, Lakers and Jazz.
He has been in negotiations for weeks with New York President Phil Jackson, his coach in Chicago for five years and a longtime confidant, but the Warriors' job might be more attractive for other reasons.
Kerr, who has known Lacob for decades, is from California, lives in San Diego and has a daughter at Cal. In addition, the Warriors offer a more talented and cohesive roster than the Knicks. But a decision might have to be made sooner than Golden State officials desire because Kerr is being sought by other teams.
The Warriors would also like to talk with Van Gundy, among a bushel of other candidates, something they made clear while contacting him to gauge his interest Wednesday.
Van Gundy took the Heat to the conference finals in 2005 but was replaced by general manager Pat Riley after an 11-10 start the next season, when the team won its first title. He took the Magic to the NBA Finals in 2009, but was let go three years later after consecutive first-round exits and the development of a fractious relationship with temperamental franchise centerpiece Dwight Howard.
Van Gundy has already turned down overtures from Minnesota and Los Angeles, but his ties to the Bay Area and his philosophical match with the Warriors could coax him out of a comfortable broadcasting gig.
He was born in Indio (Riverside County) and attended Alhambra High in Martinez. He was successful in Orlando with a roster that included good three-point shooters and a rim-protecting defensive anchor - a formula similar to the Warriors' roster.
"I said several times during my coaching career, when we would go play out there, that it was always important to me playing out there because I grew up there," Van Gundy told a Florida radio station. "That arena is old, so it was the same arena when I was a sophomore in high school. The Warriors won the NBA championship in 1975 led by Rick Barry. Al Attles was their coach. I was a huge fan, and everybody knows that."
If the Warriors are to land Kerr or Van Gundy, the hiring process will probably have to be sped up. But Lacob reiterated his desire to take his time, knowing full well that the next coach will be saddled with lofty expectations.
"For the next coach that comes in, the expectations will probably - forget from us, but from everybody - be high," Lacob said. "That's life. It's going to take someone who is obviously capable of handling that. Assuming we put together the right roster and give him the right players, that person should be able to succeed. I think someone who comes in and is scared of that probably isn't the right person for the job."
Rusty Simmons is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: email@example.com Twitter: @Rusty_SFChron


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Meet Illinois REALTORS® staff and search for staff members by departments below—we're here to help!
Download print-resolution photo
Gary L. Clayton, CAE, RCE, is Chief Executive Officer of the Illinois REALTORS®, a voluntary business organization founded in 1916 which serves over 44,000 members engaged in all facets of the real estate industry.
He has served in this position since December of 1987 and is an official spokesperson and lobbyist for the association.
He serves on the National Association of REALTORS® (NAR) Board of Directors and is the association executive appointed to the NAR Executive Committee. He is vice chair of the Realtors Property Resource Advisory Board and past chair of the NAR Association Executives Committee.
In 2011, Gary was awarded the prestigious national William R. Magel Award of Excellence, which honors an individual who has truly excelled in his or her role as an association executive of a local or state REALTOR® association. With this honor, he joins the elite membership of the Dr. Almon R. (Bud) Smith, RCE, AE Leadership Society.
He holds the Certified Association Executive (CAE) designation from ASAE & The Center for Association Leadership as well as the REALTOR® Association Certified Executive (RCE) designation from the National Association of REALTORS®.
Before coming to Illinois REALTORS®, he served for eight years as Director of the Illinois Department of Registration and Education. Prior, he was Deputy Director of the Illinois Department of Law Enforcement's Internal Investigation Division and a Postal Inspector for the U.S. Postal Service in Chicago.
Gary has an undergraduate degree in Political Science from Southeast Missouri State University and a master's degree in Social Justice Administration from the University of Illinois at Springfield.


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Chanel Light Gold Logo And Pearl Drop Pierced Earrings
Sold Out
Chanel light gold tone baroque style drop pierced earrings of CC logo ear clips, and faux pearls and light gold drops.
Collection: 16P
Condition: Pristine; never worn
Accompanied By: Chanel box and dustbag
Measurements: Earring length 1in. ; width .5in
Continue Reading Hide Details
Chanel light gold tone baroque style drop pierced earrings of CC logo ear clips, and faux pearls and light gold drops.
Collection: 16P
Condition: Pristine; never worn
Accompanied By: Chanel box and dustbag
Measurements: Earring length 1in. ; width .5in
Continue Reading Hide Details
About this style
Chanel costume jewelry is considered by fashion historians as some of the finest costume jewelry ever produced. From the poured glass of Maison Gripoix to the brilliant designs of Robert Gossens and Karl Lagerfeld, the pieces are historical treasures.
Coco Chanel is often regarded as the creator of costume jewelry, initially designing broaches to accessorize one of her patron's outfit. Brooches and pins were particularly popular and accompanied the newly designed jacket or dress. Costume jewelry was typically made of metal, poured glass formed to resemble pearls or semi-precious stones and rhinestones. At some point in the 1920s or 1930s, Chanel entered into collaboration with Maison Gripoix for its poured glass, a collaboration that continued until the mid-1990's when Maison Gripoix ceased to exist.
Many of Chanel's jewelry reflect things that were important to Coco Chanel and the company. The iconic CC-logo is used heavily in its jewelry. Other signature items found particularly in vintage jewelry are four-leaf clovers (a lucky symbol for Coco Chanel), lion head (depicting the astrological sign Leo, Coco's sign), Chanel No. 5 perfume bottle, Chanel 31 Rue Cambon headquarters building and Chanel 2.55 quilted handbag. Even today, most of the new jewelry collections are reinterpretations of vintage designs.
The Chanel stamp not only denotes authenticity, it also is valuable in dating a piece. Much of the early jewelry was not signed or was stamped simply "depose" signifying it was patented. During the war, Chanel ceased production. When jewelry production recommenced, the pieces carried the Chanel stamp. Since the mid-1990s, the stamp typically includes the collection (e.g., 16A for fall 2016), the signature CC logo and the Made In France designation. Previously, from the late 1980s until the mid-1990s, the collection was denoted not as year and season, but by the actual collection number (e.g. 22 or 23). From the 1960s through the mid-1980s, the jewelry lacked date codes but have distinctive "Chanel" stamps that enable dating the period during which the piece was produced.
Chanel still places great importance on jewelry in fashion as demonstrated by the abundance of jewelry worn on the Chanel runway. Over the past 50 years, Chanel has expanded its breadth of jewelry, often reissuing or modernizing popular vintage pieces, and has built a large cadre of jewelry devotees including celebrities like Lady Gaga, the Olsen sisters, Beyonce, Rihanna, and Sarah Jessica Parker.


text:
8650 Blvd Taschereau
Directions Brossard, QC J4X 1C2
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The standard features of the Kia Niro EV EX include 201hp engine 1-speed automatic transmission, 4-wheel anti-lock brakes (ABS), side seat mounted airbags, curtain 1st and 2nd row overhead airbags, driver knee airbag, airbag occupancy sensor, automatic air conditioning, 17" aluminum wheels, cruise control, ABS and driveline traction control, electronic stability.
Starting at: $44,995
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Mega Kia Brossard takes your privacy seriously and does not rent or sell your personal information to third parties without your consent. Read our privacy policy.


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Cub Scout Weather
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|type = Academics
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{{Cub Scout Academics and Sports introduction}}
{{Cub Scout Academics and Sports introduction}}
Revision as of 18:55, October 9, 2008
|The Cub Scout Weather Belt Loop is an option for the Webelos Scientist activity badge.
|The Cub Scout Weather belt loop and pin help prepare Cub Scouts and Webelos Scouts for the Boy Scout Weather merit badge.
| Weather
Belt Loop and Pin
Weather Academics Belt Loop
Cub Scout Weather requirements
Belt Loop Requirements
Complete these three requirements:
Academics Pin Requirements
Earn the Weather belt loop, and complete five of the following requirements:
View the change list (history) of these requirements. The text of these requirements may be locked. In that case, they can only be edited by an administrator.
Please note any errors found in the above requirements on this article's Talk Page.
Template:Cub Scout Academics and Sports notes
- Earning the Cub Scout Weather Belt Loop while a Webelos Scout is requirement 13 of the Webelos Scientist Activity Badge.
Requirement resources
Template:Cub Scout Academics and Sports Requirement resources
Related awards
- 5F. Go outside and watch the weather.
- Wolf Cub Scout
- Wolf Electives
- Elective 12f. could be met while completing Cub Scout Weather Belt Loop requirement 1
- Bear Cub Scout
- Bear Electives
- Elective 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d. could be used to meet Cub Scout Weather Belt Loop requirement 2
- Elective 2e. could be met while completing Cub Scout Weather Pin requirement 2
- Elective 2f. could be partially met while completing Cub Scout Weather Belt Loop requirement 3
- Scientist Activity Badge requirement 13. (earn the Cub Scout Weather Belt Loop while a Webelos Scout)
See also
This program was discontinued in May, 2015.
Art · Astronomy · Chess · Citizenship · Collecting · Communicating · Computers · Disability Awareness · Geography · Family Travel · Geology · Good Manners · Heritages · Language and Culture · Map and Compass · Mathematics · Music · Nutrition · Pet Care · Photography · Reading and Writing · Science · Video Games · Weather · Wildlife Conservation
Archery · Badminton · Baseball · Basketball · BB-Gun Shooting · Bicycling · Bowling · Fishing · Flag Football · Golf · Gymnastics · Hiking · Hockey · Horseback Riding · Ice Skating · Kickball · Marbles · Physical Fitness · Roller Skating · Skateboarding · Snow Ski and Board Sports · Soccer · Softball · Swimming · Table Tennis · Tennis · Ultimate · Volleyball
|Cub Scout Leader portal
|Webelos Den Leader portal
External links
- Make Your Own Weather Station
- How to make a Thermomether
- How To Make a Barometer
- American Meteorological Soc.
- Climatic Data Center
- Nat. Geographic Soc.
- Nat. Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin
- Career Guide
- Earth Watch Weather on Demand
- Lightning Protection Institute
- Satellite Meteorology for Grades 7-12
- The National Center for Atmospheric Research and the UCAR Office of Programs


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Conveniently located just steps from the lifts at Taos Ski Valley as well as restaurants, nightlife and shopping, the Alpine Village Suites provide a warm and welcoming ambiance. Decorated with Southwestern décor, large windows, exposed wood beams and 360 degree views of Alpine Village, the Alpine Village Suites offers 26 rooms that sleep anywhere from two to six people and can be adjoined for larger groups. All rooms feature a kitchenette, TV with DVD, full baths and telephones. Outside you'll find a large outdoor fireplace as well as a large outdoor hot tub that provide the perfect place to unwind and relax after a day on the slopes.
Spread over three acres in the historic district of Taos, the El Pueblo Lodge offers and charming and inviting campus-style setting with lodging interspersed among several buildings. Constructed in the traditional adobe-style architecture, all of the buildings evoke a southwestern charm and the warm and friendly staff will make sure that your stay in Taos is a memorable one.
Each room includes a 40 inch HD TV with access to over 100 channels, in-room coffee makers, refrigerators and to top it off, fresh cookies are served in the lobby every afternoon.
The Pueblo Lodge is also within walking distance of the historic Taos plaza, where you can shop, eat and drink to your heart's content with numerous restaurants, shops, art galleries and nightlight.
The Blake at Taos Ski Valley is the long-awaited centerpiece of the base area redevelopment at Taos; a premier, 80 room lodging property, true to the soulful nature of Taos and shaped by the cultural experiences of Northern New Mexico.
Currently under construction, with a planned opening this winter, The Blake at Taos Ski Valley will provide a unique, inviting, and sophisticated lodging experience. Centrally located among the retail shops and dining establishments of Taos' base area, the hotel provides ski-in/ski-out access to Lift 1.
The hotel's unique architecture, design, featured artwork, service and cuisine all spring from the fusion of the resident European, Hispanic and native North American cultures that meet in Taos. The result is a sense of place that cannot be imitated, with traditional alpine architecture lending a rustic European elegance that is folded into a colorful New Mexican design aesthetic.
Only 1.5 miles away from Taos, these studios come in a variety of arrangements. From sleeping 6 to 2 people. All units come with a refrigerator, microwave, and kitchenette. Enjoy your home away from home while you enjoy Taos.
El Monte Sagrado Living Resort and Spa offers a secluded sanctuary known as a leader in alternative energy. Visit this Taos, New Mexico resort and enjoy exquisite Native American-inspired accommodations and impressive art collection. Experience the extraordinary treatments of the Living Spa designed to heal mind, body and spirit, or simply breathe in the tranquility while meditating among towering trees and waterfalls in the Sacred Circle. The Resort's close proximity to downtown (precisely four blocks) puts you within walking distance to all of the art galleries, shops and fine bars and restaurants the town of Taos has to offer.
El Monte Sagrado's 84 guestrooms, suites and casitas offer a rich, tranquil environment. Behind each door is a unique and uplifting experience awaiting your discovery. Hand-painted walls, the work of local Taoseño artists, Kiva fireplaces and natural mountain beauty surround you while you take advantage of Resort's extensive list of amenities. Choose from 48 Taos Mountain Rooms, Casitas or one of the breathtaking Premiere or Global Suites.
Located in the heart of Taos Ski Valley, The Kandahar Condominiums provide an ideal comfort and convenience for the skiers and riders who have come to experience Taos. Kandahar homeowners have renovated and decorated their condominiums and all over their own unique quality. However, one thing they all do have in common is that each one will offer you a relaxing and warm environment to retreat to after a day on the slopes.
The Rio Hondo Condominiums are located along the Rio Hondo River in the heart of the Taos Ski Valley. The Children's Ski School, beginner ski runs, and Gondolita and Rueggli lift are next door, which makes this a perfect location for families. The ski mountain can be accessed by riding up the Rueggeli Lift and then skiing over to the main lifts. The Rio Hondo complex offers the largest outdoor hot tub, a dry sauna and guest laundry facilities. Each condo has a full kitchen, complimentary wireless internet and either a gas or wood-burning fireplace. Each condo also has its own deck or balcony.
Snakedance Condominiums are premiere slopeside properties in Taos Ski Valley. We offer 32 condominium suites at affordable rates. Each suite, individually owned and decorated, has a full kitchen, satellite television, CD player, high-speed Internet access and additional amenities. Offering a combination of studio, one-bedroom, two-bedroom and two-bedroom/loft suites. Cool mountain breezes and alpine serenity greet you as you drive from the center of Taos through the Enchanted Circle Scenic Byway to the heart of Taos Ski Valley.
These private mountain residences range in size from sleeping 10 people to sleeping four. Some are 1.5 miles away from the lifts whereas one is ski-in/ski-out. You can customize your stay based on what you and your group need. All the private residences give you the sense that you are in the European Alps when you are enjoying Taos, one of the few skiing only resorts left in the U.S.
210 Aspen Airport Business Center, Suite AA


text:
Template:Denali Award/req
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
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Revision as of 11:36, October 23, 2008
- Be a registered Varsity Scout team member.
- Advance at least one rank in the Boy Scout program (or earn a Palm for those who are already Eagle Scouts).
- Hold leadership positions in a Varsity Scout team for at least six months.
- While serving as team captain or program manager, act as primary leader on at least two activities. Program managers should choose activities in their the field of emphasis. Team captains may serve as primary leader any of the five fields of emphasis.
- While serving as program manager or team captain, demonstrate shared leadership skills in supporting roles in each of the three remaining fields of emphasis.
- Satisfy to the team captain that you know and live by the Varsity Scout Pledge.
- Complete a progress review by a review board that includes a district or council representative and is lead by the advancement program manager.


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(CNN) -- The Republican National Convention is kicking off in full force Tuesday in the Twin Cities -- the first time the GOP has held a presidential convention there since 1892.
Laura Bush and Cindy McCain speak at a shortened first day of the Republican National Convention Monday.
The convention, delayed briefly when Hurricane Gustav hit the Gulf Coast, is also being held later in the year than any nominating convention in history.
Check out these tidbits of convention history and political trivia.
The Republican National Convention is being held in the Xcel Energy Center, the home of the National Hockey League team the Minnesota Wild.
To prepare the Xcel center for the GOP convention, workers removed 3,000 seats and installed more than 25 miles of cable
Sen. Barack Obama gave his first speech as the Democrats' presumptive 2008 presidential nominee at the Xcel Center on June 3.
The Twin Cities and Denver have each received $50 million each in federal funds for convention security.
No Republican since Richard Nixon has carried Minnesota in a presidential general election -- the longest Democratic streak of any state in the nation.
The Delegates
About 2,300 delegates and 2,200 alternates delegates are expected to journey to the twin cities for the event, and the Minneapolis/St. Paul economy is expected to benefit to the tune of $150 to $160 million.
The Candidates, past and present
John McCain turned 72 last week; if elected, he'll be the oldest president sworn in to a first term.
Two GOP presidential nominees were older than McCain; Ronald Reagan was 73 in 1984 when he was running for his second term and Bob Dole was 73 in 1996. Dole lost that election to Bill Clinton.
John McCain was a prisoner of war in Vietnam from 1967 to 1973; his service awards include the Silver Star, the Bronze Star, the Legion of Merit and a Purple Heart.
McCain's father and grandfather were both U.S. Navy admirals; they were the first father and son to achieve that rank.
McCain represented Arizona in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1983 to 1987; he has served in the U.S. Senate since 1987.
McCain was the presidential nominating speaker in 1996 for Sen. Robert Dole.
McCain clinched the Republican presidential nomination on March 4 after winning 26 primary season contests.
Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin is the second woman to serve on a major party ticket -- in 1984 Democratic vice presidential nominee Geraldine Ferraro was the first woman to serve on a major party ticket.
Palin is the first woman to serve as Alaska governor; she was elected in 2006, winning the election to the governorship as a maverick reformer willing to distance herself from the Republican Party.
McCain first met Palin at the National Governors Association meeting in Washington in February of 2008.
National political conventions were covered on radio for the first time in 1924, and covered on television for the first time since 1948.
2008 marks the fourth time the parties have held back-to-back conventions; it also happened in 1912, 1916 and 1956.
The longest convention in history was the 1924 Democratic convention in New York -- It lasted 17 days. The shortest convention in history was the 1872 Democratic convention in Baltimore -- it only lasted six hours.
All About Republican Party • John McCain • Sarah Palin


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Ed. Year Winners Runners-Up Piala Liga 1 1985 Arseto (Solo) 3-0 Mercu Buana (Medan) 2 1986 Makassar Utama (Makassar) bt Niac Mitra (Surabaya) 3 1987 Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian (Palembang) 2-0 Pelita Jaya (Jakarta) 4 1988 Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian (Palembang) 1-0 Pelita Jaya (Jakarta) 5 1989 Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian (Bekasi) 2-1 Pelita Jaya (Jakarta) Piala Galatama 6 1992 Semen Padang (Padang) 1-0 Arema (Malang) 7 1994 Gelora Dewata (Denpasar) Piala Indonesia 8 2005 Arema (Malang) 4-3 Persija (Jakarta) [aet] 9 2006 Arema (Malang) 2-0 Persipura (Jayapura) 10 2007 Sriwijaya FC (Palembang) 1-1 Persipura (Jayapura) [aet, 3-0 pen] 11 2008/09 Sriwijaya FC (Palembang) awd Persipura (Jayapura) [awarded 4-0] 12 2010 Sriwijaya FC (Palembang) 2-1 Arema (Malang) 13 2012 Persibo (Bojonegoro) 1-0 Semen Padang (Padang) Number of Wins (13) 3 Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian (Palembang; played 1989 in Bekasi but returned to Palembang 1990) Sriwijaya FC (Palembang) 2 Arema (Malang) 1 Arseto (Solo) Gelora Dewata (Denpasar) Makassar Utama (Makassar) Persibo (Bojonegoro) Semen Padang (Padang) Note: since no Cup competition was played from 1995 to 2004, the league runners-up qualified for the Asian Cup Winners Cup (as in 1990/91, when Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian qualified for that tournament as league runners-up 1990, and 1992/93, when Pupuk Kalimantan Timur qualified as league runners-up 1990/92; in 1991/92 Pupuk Kalimantan Timur also qualified for the Asian Cup Winners Cup, but as winners of the first stage (1990/91) of the 1990/92 league competition). 1994/95 Petrokimia Putra (Gresik) 1995/96 Bandung Raya (Bandung) [*] 1996/97 Bandung Raya (Bandung) 1997/98 season abandoned 1998/99 Persebaya (Surabaya) 1999/00 Pupuk Kalimantan Timur (Bontang) [*] as the league was not finished by the registration deadlines for the 1996/97 Asian club cups, Western champions Bandung Raya entered the Cup Winners Cup and Eastern champions PSM Makassar the Champions Cup; eventually, Bandung Raya would beat PSM in the 1995/96 championship final.
In addition, a number of tournaments was played between the best amateur and professional teams in the late eighties and early nineties. The tournament in 1985 was a friendly, invitation tournament, while the Piala Utama was entered by the top-4 teams from the Galatama and Perserikatan (1990: top-4 Galatama 1990 and Perserikatan 1989/90; 1992: top-4 Galatama 1990/92 and Perserikatan 1991/92). Ed. Year Winners Runners-Up Invitasi Nasional Galatama-Perserikatan 1985 Arseto (Solo) Perkesa 78 (Sidoarjo) Piala Utama 1990 Persebaya (Surabaya) 3-2 Pelita Jaya (Jakarta) 1992 Pelita Jaya (Jakarta) 2-0 Persib (Bandung) NB: see lists of Galatama champions and Perserikatan champions
Prepared and maintained by Atsushi Fujioka and Novan Herfiyana for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Authors: Atsushi Fujioka
and Novan Herfiyana
Last updated: 30 Jul 2015
(C) Copyright Atsushi Fujioka,
Novan Herfiyana and RSSSF 1996/2015
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All rights reserved.


text: I have encountered my first problem with using quilt spray to anchor my layers together. I used a polished cotton as the backing. Apparently the spay does not bond very well (if at all) with this fabric. I just wondered if anyone else had had a similiar problem? I have been using spray for 8-9 years and this is the first time I've had a problem.