text:
Overview of Colonial English Research
This article originally appeared in "Colonial English Research" by Robert Charles Anderson, MA, FASG in The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy
Genealogists who have pushed one or more lines of ancestry back to the time of the Revolutionary War, and who have not previously worked with the records of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, will find in this period more variety in the records than they have previously experienced. There are several reasons for this, all of which make the research process highly challenging.
First, the colonists, especially in the seventeenth century, had to solve a problem for which they were not prepared. Planting their settlements in territory previously unoccupied by Europeans, they were unable or unwilling to transfer to the New World the full range of laws and customs of record keeping with which they were familiar. In many colonies, there were not enough men experienced in running the courts and the other similar institutions. The settlers in New England, protesting as they did against many features of the Church of England, would not reproduce the ecclesiastical courts. (In England at the time of migration, probate and many other matters were handled in ecclesiastical rather than civil courts.)
Second, the process of building new institutions had a certain trial-and-error element to it. As a result, almost without exception, the earliest record books, whether generated by town, county, or colony, were an amalgamation of many different types of records entered together in the same volume, sometimes in no particular order. Researchers accustomed to records neatly separated into different books by record type need to be prepared to look for records in unlikely places. At the same time, they also need to be alert to the possibility that records originally entered in one volume will, in modern times, be split out and published in more than one place.
Third, the colonists faced a special problem with regard to the transfer of real property. Almost no one in England in the seventeenth century had experience in the original transfer of land from the government to individuals since, with the exception of land recovered from the drained fens, virtually all the land in England had been granted at the time of William the Conqueror (and earlier). Also, most of England was still in the throes of throwing off the old feudal system of land tenure. Consequently, many of the colonists were familiar only with manorial landholding, and, with a few notable exceptions, the immigrants to the New World were not interested in replicating this system.
As a result of this concentrated variability, researchers coming to colonial records for the first time will encounter a number of problems they will not have seen while working in the relative regularity of record keeping in the public land states west of the Appalachians or even in the eastern seaboard states after the Revolution. Even more than when researching other times and places, researchers will need to be constantly alert to the different mix of records that must be brought into play in order to solve a genealogical problem. This mix of records will be different for each of the colonies and, within some of the colonies, will be different at different times within the colonial era.
The principal goal in this chapter is to focus on those aspects of colonial record keeping that may be unfamiliar to genealogists already familiar with courthouse research in the newer states. This chapter concentrates on records created before the formation of counties in the colonies and on records maintained in ways and in places not seen in later times. For example, in some instances records that pertain to one colony ended up, for one reason or another, in another colony. This chapter also examines the process by which the colonies moved from an early amorphous mode of record keeping to the more regular and rational system of later years.
For each of the thirteen colonies, this chapter presents three types of information. First, it sets forth a condensed jurisdictional history of the colony, with emphasis on the period prior to establishment of counties, a process that proceeded at a different pace from colony to colony. Second, the section for each colony examines a small selection of records, focusing on one or two record types that were originally recorded in an unusual manner. (There is no attempt to survey all the records available for the colonial period.) Third, each section points out one or two case studies, which are specific articles that demonstrate the way in which these early records may be exploited to solve a difficult genealogical problem. Additionally, where appropriate, the chapter appends to the accounts of some of the colonies information on other colonies that were absorbed by a neighbor colony, and also includes information on portions of colonies that were at least partially settled by 1776 but were later set off as separate states.
In using this chapter, researchers should not limit themselves to the colony that may be of direct interest. Principles of record creation and publication that are described under only one or two colonies may be more widely applicable to other colonies. For example, the description of the system of land distribution found in the Virginia section has relevance for almost all of the colonies outside of New England.
Researching in the colonial period can challenge the researcher in unusual ways, but the rewards may also be great, when the critical clue, or constellation of clues, is found in an unexpected place.
Proprietors and the Granting of Land
The word proprietor may be seen as a description of some part of the landgranting process in each of the thirteen colonies. Despite the widespread application of this term, the meaning is not the same in all of the colonies. In brief, the four New England colonies had a form of proprietary landgranting that was quite distinct from the form used in the seven colonies from Pennsylvania south to Georgia. New York and New Jersey formed a transitional region, which blended the procedures used to the north and south.
In the four New England colonies (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut), the granting of land took place in two steps. First, the colony legislature granted a substantial plot of undivided land to a group of families that agreed to settle that land within a stated period of time. Second, that group of families chose for themselves the manner in which they subdivided the land, usually based on some combination of wealth and family size. Some towns chose to grant all of their land within a short period of time, while others initially granted only a portion of the land available to them, reserving the remainder for later needs.
This system had also been used in New Haven and Plymouth colonies before their respective mergers with Connecticut and Massachusetts Bay colonies and would also be used in those regions which eventually grew into the states of Vermont and Maine. No quitrents were collected under the New England system. The town was responsible for collecting taxes for the support of the colony, but the assessment of this tax was not based solely on land.
More information on the New England system may be found in Roy Hidemichi Akagi's The Town Proprietors of the New England Colonies and John Frederick Martin's Profits in the Wilderness.<ref>Roy Hidemichi Akagi, The Town Proprietors of the New England Colonies (Gloucester, Mass., 1963); John Frederick Martin, Profits in the Wilderness (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1991).</ref>
New York, especially in the English period, had a wider range of landgranting practices than any other colony. In some limited areas, groups of purchasers, mostly from New England, obtained from the colony patents to large portions of land, which they then allocated amongst themselves, just as the New England town proprietors did.<ref>Jessica Kross, The Evolution of an American Town: Newtown, New York, 1642'1775 (Philadelphia, 1983).</ref>
An arrangement unique to New York among the English mainland colonies was the establishment of extensive manors along the Hudson between Manhattan and Albany. These manors were granted to a few individuals at the very top of the social ladder, and these men, in turn, retained ownership of the land and farmed it out to tenants.<ref>Sung Bok Kim, Landlord and Tenant in Colonial New York: Manorial Society, 1664'1775 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1978).</ref> Because so much of the land in these manors did not change hands in the colonial period, no deeds were generated; this is one of the reasons that research in this area is so difficult.
Finally, New York granted land to individuals by the system of petition, warrant, survey, and patent, as did all the colonies to the south.<ref>E. B. O'Callaghan, comp., Calendar of N.Y. Colonial Manuscripts: Indorsed Land Papers; in the Office of the Secretary of State of New York, 1643'1803 (Albany, 1864; Harrison, N.Y., 1987).</ref> Thus, New York granted some land in the New England way, some land in the southern way, and other land in a manner of its own.
As noted in the New Jersey section, New Jersey also granted some land in the style of the New England proprietors. The remainder of the land was allocated by the East Jersey and West Jersey Proprietors, again through the sequence of petition, warrant, survey, and patent.<ref>John E. Pomfret, The New Jersey Proprietors and Their Lands (Princeton, N.J., 1964).</ref>
The remainder of the colonies, from Pennsylvania to Georgia, operated one version or another of the system of petition, warrant, survey, and patent by which the first transfer of land was directly from the colony to the individual, without any intermediary, as in the New England way of granting land. A somewhat more detailed explanation of the system of patents may be found in the Virginia section. The proprietors in each of these colonies were a small group of men proceeding under authority of the Crown, except where the grants were made even more directly under aegis of a royal governor.
The precise terminology of the four steps of the landgranting process might differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. For example, the first step in the process might be termed petition, entry, or application. Regardless of the terminology, the process was essentially the same.


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More Australian jazz on record / Jack Mitchell.
This item may be available to purchase from the Australian Music Centre.
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Continuation of 'Australian jazz on record 1925-1980' (published in 1988).
Includes indexes.
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Saturday, September 3, 2011
Happy Sanibel Days
8 comments:
- Mare said...
Oh my goodness! Your little man is growing up...lol!
Those clouds are amazing. It is almost as if you could reach up and touch them! And that rainbow? Just breathtaking. =)
- September 4, 2011 at 1:25 AM
- Kathi said...
You are such a good mommy. Love your little puppy looking out the door. SO cute!
As always, your photos are beautiful! Wish I was there!
- September 4, 2011 at 6:51 AM
- RottenMom said...
Oh he definitely looks like he's standing guard to protect you from the great outdoors! As always, your cloud photos are beautiful!
- September 4, 2011 at 8:15 AM
- NanaDiana said...
Hi Tootie- Your clouds are amazing, as always!
Your litlte guy is growing and changing. He is just darling! xo Diana
- September 4, 2011 at 8:30 AM
- Della said...
Those are great shots of the rain pouring from the clouds, and the capture of the rainbow is awesome! Beautiful pics Tootie!
Yep, your little guy is standing guard! I'm sure he would protect you as best as he could. Never underestimate the little fellas!
- September 4, 2011 at 5:07 PM
- Heaven's Walk said...
Puffin is so darned cute, Tootie! I'm so glad that you've been having a nice summer down on my fav island. :) It's been VERY tropical-like up here in MI this summer. Hot and humid. But a cool front went through today and it's beginning to feel like autumn all of a sudden. Loved seeing your photos of the rain and rainbows. Hugs to you, sweetie!
xoxo laurie
- September 4, 2011 at 9:42 PM
- Kim@Snug Harbor said...
This must be the year for rainbows - I've never seen as many as I have this year and so far many doubles!
- September 5, 2011 at 9:02 AM
- Little Black Scrap Cat said...
Gorgeous skies!! And your baby is ever so cute!!
- September 5, 2011 at 12:10 PM


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text:
Baltimore, Md., Nov 13, 2012 / 04:26 pm ().- The strong protection of Americans' religious freedom requires a long-term commitment to formation and education, particularly of young people, the U.S. bishops' leader on religious liberty issues said.
"We are prayerfully resolute in pursuing the project of defending and fostering religious liberty, in the short and mid-term and in the long-term," said Archbishop William E. Lori of Baltimore, who chairs the ad hoc committee on religious liberty.
Protecting religious freedom, he said Nov. 12, "requires long-term foundational and formational work."
The archbishop made his remarks in a report on the activity of his committee to his fellow bishops, who are meeting for their annual fall assembly in Baltimore. He urged them to pursue efforts in this area "as pastors who are engaged in the process of the New Evangelization."
He highlighted the conference's recent efforts to support religious liberty, including the Fortnight for Freedom event over the summer and a Pilgrimage for Life and Liberty that included both a Mass and the launch of a novena.
The bishops' conference has also reached out through media and public relations efforts aimed at Catholics beyond the pews and at the general public. These educational overtures include brochures, a text messaging campaign and a new website to collect various resources, which were produced in both English and Spanish.
In addition, the bishops have identified the upcoming Solemnity of Christ the King as an appropriate opportunity to reflect on religious freedom and encourage its defense.
Looking at the immediate future, Archbishop Lori observed that the "political landscape is the same, but so also is our resolve to eliminate the HHS mandate and most especially the four-part definition that it contains of what constitutes religious activity."
He noted that lawsuits and legislative efforts to counteract the mandate continue, and the bishops' conference is also monitoring and participating in the ongoing rule-making process regarding the treatment of religious groups under the mandate.
At a broader level, Archbishop Lori said the bishops need to focus on the long-term goals of providing "education and formation as part of the New Evangelization."
He noted a need for "greater formation, especially to reach young people, to open their hearts to their heritage as Americans and to what the faith teaches about religious liberty."
As part of an effort to educate the youth, a religious liberty curriculum has already been developed for schools and religious education programs, he reported, and there are possibilities for other initiatives such as essay contests.
In these educational efforts, "we are stressing that this is not a Catholic issue, but an American issue," the archbishop explained.
He also pointed out that there is "a reciprocal relationship between the New Evangelization and religious liberty," because religious freedom allows the Gospel to be proposed and is also part of its message.
Archbishop Lori urged his fellow bishops not to be discouraged as the process of defending religious liberty continues to unfold.
Recent days have shown more clearly than ever that "defending religious freedom, like defending life and marriage, are not short term projects," he said.
He encouraged his fellow bishops to renew their resolve to see themselves as "not as part of a fleeting effort, but rather as part of a movement to defend, to promote and to foster life, liberty and marriage."
Tags: Religious freedom, Young Catholics
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text:
THE Magic Roundabout was transformed into a work of art yesterday as a local artist took control of the billboard that towers above the famous landmark.
Kembrey Park allowed Katie Bright, a 34-year-old artist originally from Covingham, to use the board for the weekend to display her latest work, called Tragic Kingdom.
Sunday morning travellers had a surprise as Katie projected an image of herself in character as Katie Brightside at the crack of dawn.
Katie was thrilled to have the opportunity. She said: "It is quite interesting seeing something other than advertising up on the billboard."
Katie left Swindon when she was 19 to study in London, before spending 10 years working in Australia.
She said: "I came back to London to do my Masters, which was always an ambition of mine. I had to move back to Swindon after my dad passed away, so for the last year I have been living back here with my mum and travelling to London for uni a couple of days a week.
"I was surprised to see that they had moved the old art college from Euclid Street, and I feel like the area has lost that sense of community in the town centre as a result.
"Often when you find artists move out of an area you lose that lustre. You need artists to be working on projects around the area to make it that little more interesting."
Katie wanted to do something a little bit different, and played on the link between Swindon and Disneyland that was established in 2009.
"That billboard has been there since I was born and it really grabs your attention," she said.
"While living away from England I realised that Swindon is famous for the Magic Roundabout. Those billboards are about showcasing aspirations and dreams, and the character I have created is modelled on fairytale characters like Snow White and real people like Marilyn Monroe.
"The whole piece is around fairytales, and is based around the fact that Swindon was twinned with Disneyland a few years ago. That became a bit of a joke, in the same way a lot of people use Swindon as the butt of their comedy.
"When I started with the piece of work I wanted it to be about childhood narratives alongside adult sexual society.
"I think people will probably be very confused by the whole thing and why I am doing it, but there is a whole body of reasons why."


text:
By John Goralski
Sports Writer
Few returning players even knew the name of the new Italian student in 1974 when he strolled onto the Recreation Park soccer field for an early Southington High School tryout. Tall and thin like a blade of grass, the young newcomer waited in the wings for practice to begin.
He was fairly new to the country. His English wasn't that great. He wore sneakers instead of cleats, and shadowed his cousin while teammates greeted one another to talk about summer vacations, but all it took was the coach's whistle at the start of practice and Joe Testa became a household name.
For a young man looking to fit into his new hometown, the game of soccer became a precious gift.
"I was trying to adjust because I had just moved from Italy to Bridgeport to Southington," said Testa. "I was trying to make friends. I didn't know anyone else, but the players just took me in and embraced me. They made me feel at home, and that was very, very important to me at that age. I was accepted. I was part of the team and it was pretty special."
Testa's timing couldn't have been any better. It had been five years since Southington had rolled out their new fall sports program, and the fledgling soccer team was still struggling with low numbers, inexperience, and a full varsity schedule. The Knights had shown early success as they flirted with .500 records in their first two seasons, but reality had settled in with a series of three losing seasons culminating in a 3-9-2 record in 1973.
Testa was about to put Southington on the map for good.
"We had been building the team up for a few years, and we were just starting to gel better," said former Blue Knight soccer coach Dan Murawski. "He was really the crowning touch. His skill level was fantastic, but he was just a very gifted player. I just can't say enough about him."
Testa's skill had been hammered out on sandy fields in Italy where the young boy had clawed his way onto the town's teenaged teams. Playing against boys twice his age, the young Testa held his own. Those skills helped him to slip right into the lineup at Bridgeport Central when his family moved to the United States at the start of his junior year. When his family settled in Southington the following season, Testa was already a proven player in the varsity ranks.
"He was so tremendously skilled," said Murawski. "He wasn't that fast, but he just had a great ball handling ability. He was tall for a soccer player, and he was thin. Obviously, he could finish. When he got by everybody, he could just tap it in, but it was his ball-control ability and dribbling ability that really gave him the skill with the soccer ball."
It was a bicycle kick during a pre-season game in Cheshire that won him over to teammates. It was his ability to shuffle the ball to scorers that earned him a spot as a forward on Southington's opening day roster. Suddenly, the Knights were a competitive force as they rallied for their first season with double digit victories (10-2-2), their first conference championship title, and their first invitation to the postseason tournament.
Testa led the way as Southington's first 10-goal scorer.
"Perhaps 10 goals doesn't seem like that much now, but it was huge for us back then," said Murawski. "He was our first all-stater, and he was just a tremendously skilled kid and a great kid with a great personality."
And those sneakers. Teammates and opponents had a distinct advantage with their cleats on the grassy fields, but it didn't seem to matter. Testa grew up playing barefoot on dirt fields in Italy, so he fought the idea of cleats until coaches finally wore him down.
"I just couldn't get a good swing on the ball with cleats. I was so used to playing with sneakers, so that's what I did," he said. "Coach finally talked me into wearing cleats on my planting foot, so I ended up buying a pair after all. I was able to plant with my left foot and strike it with my right with my sneakers. It just felt pure. I felt more at ease. I was able to make better contact, and I was more accurate with sneakers."
Nobody can deny it. His efforts drew attention from college coaches and former UConn coach Joe Morrone offered him a chance to play for the Huskies at a time when they were building toward their first national title. Testa turned down the offer.
"He was our speaker at the year-ending banquet at the old Popular Restaurant. We took a picture together. He invited me up to UConn, but it just didn't work out for me. At the time, it was difficult for my parents, so I was leaning more toward helping out the family," he said. "It was an inspiration to me because they had such a good team back then. They were winning national championships and everything. For him to approach me and ask me to try out was a highlight to my career."
"He certainly could have been a good player there," said Murawski. "He was definitely a very skilled player that just loved the game."
That's why it didn't surprise anybody when Testa began to pop up in coaching circles. He was just too good to stay away form the game. He spent brief stints as a head coach at Coginchaug High School and Platt High School followed by a few years as Cheshire's freshman coach before settling in at Wilcox Tech in 2012.
Once again, it was the perfect fit. The coach quickly disbanded the old, direct style of play in favor of a more fundamental, possession offense and the team turned around quickly. The young, inexperienced program that struggled to a 5-9-1 record in his first year played themselves to a 10-5-1 record this fall and earned a home game in the first round of the Class M tournament.
Just like he did at Southington, Testa quickly turned a sub-.500 team into a 10 win contender.
"The kids fought Joe on several levels with their attitudes and play, but Joe handled the situation well with diligence, dedication, and perseverance. It wasn't long before he won them over," said Wilcox Tech Athletic Director Sue Perry. "He has a vast knowledge of the game, an extreme dedication to the players, excellent organizational skills, a tremendous sense of humor, a great degree of flexibility, and so many other great characteristics and attributes that make him an outstanding and charismatic coach."
Testa said that coaching was just the next logical step for a man that loves the game of soccer with all his heart.
"It's so great to get them involved in the game, teach them what I know, and watch them grow. To me, it gives me the same thrill that I got from playing," he said. "Soccer has been a part of my life for as long as I can remember. I can't remember anything else. As you get older you continue to play in the 30 leagues, the 40 leagues, and the 50 leagues, but at some point I knew I had to start giving something back."
It was no surprise that Southington Sports Hall of Fame officials announced that Testa would be inducted into the local sports hall of fame. Perhaps it was because of the way that he launched the Blue Knights into a competitive program. Perhaps it's the way he continues to try to shape the game.
"I just want to be remembered as someone who gave it all he had and definitely played for the team," he said. "I played anywhere that Coach Murawski wanted me to play. Maybe as a pure forward I might have been able to score more goals, but you have to play players where they fit best. I hope that there were a lot of other players that benefited from that. We won a lot of games, and that's what it's all about."
On Thursday, Nov. 14, he will be honored in an induction ceremony at the Aqua Turf in Plantsville. To reserve tickets, contact Jim Verderame at (860) 628-7335.
To comment on this story or to contact sports writer John Goralski, email him at email@example.com.
The new Testa-ment; Joe Testa was a spark for Blue Knight soccer
By John Goralski


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Home > News & Events > Wayland Press Release Archives > 2013 News Releases > April 2013 > WBU hosting Scholarship Concert
WBU hosting Scholarship Concert
April 22, 2013
PLAINVIEW – The Wayland Baptist University Friends of Music will host their annual
Scholarship Concert at 7:30 p.m. on Saturday in Wayland's Harral Memorial Auditorium.
Admission is $10 or $5 for students. Proceeds benefit the Friends of Music scholarship
Started several years ago as a function of the Friends of Music organization, the event helps raise funds that are awarded each year as scholarships to deserving students. This year's concert will be highlighted by the awarding of approximately $12,000 in music scholarships.
Dean of the School of Music Dr. Ann Stutes said the concert has become a significant event for the Friends of Music organization.
"Not only does it feature the outstanding performance capabilities of our students, this year our Choral Area, it also serves as an opportunity to kick-off fund raising for Friends of Music scholarships for 2014-2015," Stutes said. "The leadership of the Friends of Music and their passion for supporting our students is inspirational. They are committed to changing lives and this concert is an opportunity to celebrate their vision."
On Saturday, the concert will feature WBU choral students with performances by the Wayland opera group, Spirit, the Wayland Singers and the International Choir. The event will also feature a combined choir with orchestral accompaniment. WBU professors Dr. Kimberly Brown and Dr. Brian Kuhnert will be featured soloists during the combined choir portion of the concert. Dr. Hyung Chae will direct the choir.
Dr. Chae said the combined choir will perform Faure's Requiem a piece that the composer Gabriel Faure wrote for the funeral of his father. Dr. Chae said the piece is very worshipful in nature. By contrast, Dr. Chae said the second half of the concert will be more of a celebration.
"Bring your family and friends and enjoy the worship and celebration," Chae said.


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University of Amsterdam students Daniel Karavolos, Sicco van Sas, and Maarten van der Velden hacked an Xbox Kinect to create this Superman virtual reality game. The player's body movements control Superman onscreen — stretching one's arms causes Superman to fly faster, and tapping the sides of the VR goggles activate his heat vision and frost breath. There's also a famous boss who appears pretty imposing, but he's deceptively easy to kill.
[Spotted on New Scientist]


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Opposition Leader Tony Abbott has given a "sneak peek" of the savage cuts he would implement if he becomes prime minister, Finance Minister Penny Wong says.
Mr Abbott on Thursday night outlined almost $5 billion a year in spending cuts to pay for a pledge to retain tax cuts and pension and benefit increases linked to Labor's carbon pricing regime.
If the opposition wins government in September, Mr Abbott said it will discontinue the low income superannuation contribution that is part of Labor's mining tax package, to save just under $1 billion.
It will delay by two years the phased increase in the superannuation guarantee charge from nine per cent to 12 per cent to 2021, to save $1.1 billion a year, he said in his budget-in-reply.
Meanwhile, public service payroll will be cut by 12,000 over two years, saving $1.75 billion and the 6,250 increase in Australia's humanitarian intake and the Clean Energy Finance Corporation will both go.
Senator Wong said the opposition leader had confirmed who would be hit by a coalition government.
"The people Liberals always hit is working Australians," she told reporters in Canberra.
The superannuation changes would "take an axe" to the superannuation savings of 8.4 million Australians, she said.
"Tony Abbott, like the Liberal Party more generally, has never supported superannuation being extended to working Australians, and they have demonstrated that again tonight," she said.
She described a promised commission of audit as a "secret inquiry": "Which would mean savage cuts like the ones Queenslanders are already seeing".
Senator Wong denied Mr Abbott had blunted Labor attacks on the coalition, and its lack of budget detail.
"If anything I think what its done is made very clear the values that drive Mr Abbott when he comes to his cuts," she said.
"It's given Australians a very clear message about the sort of approach he'd take - a sneak peak of the savage cuts to come were he ever to become prime minister."


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Remember a recent post that began with the words "I'm peeved"? Well, it set off quite a chain reaction in the blogosphere with many publications, and bloggers offering their own take on the issues. What caught most everyone's attention, however, was the argument over terminology.
Soon after my post, Alberto Andreau, Managing Director of Corporate Reputation & Sustainability at Telefonica, wrote Why Shifting from CSR to CSV Isn't the Solution. He was followed by Henk Campher, SVP with Edelman's CSR and Sustainability practice, who wrote a detailed, two-part series on The End of CSR.
But this raging debate continued over email and on Twitter for several days after these blogs went live.
So, I invited Andreau and Campher to settle their arguments on Vault's CSR blog. Now in Part 1, Campher offers his argument on why CSR is an evolutionary process, not a revolutionary cause.
And don't forget to add your perspective to the debate by leaving a comment, emailing In Good Company or connecting with us on Twitter!
I am afraid Alberto and I violently agree with each other on the most important aspects of CSR: Where it comes from and where we are today. Where we might not agree as much is whether this is still CSR.
In my view, CSR is not a revolutionary process but one that continues to go through many changes—an evolutionary process. The graphic below is my first attempt to describe this evolutionary process.
Phase 1: Philanthropy
In its initial phase back in the 1970s, CSR was all about philanthropy and what business should do with some of its profits. Small shifts in thinking pushed this early form of CSR forward. Companies became more strategic with philanthropic initiatives and tended to focus on projects in their local communities. This eventually grew into Corporate Social Investment that brought a business sense to philanthropy – focusing on results and outcomes.
Phase 2: Globalization Forces Standards
Slowly, globalization started shaping our world more and the impact of business in this globalized world became an increasing focus for activists. From a narrow focus on philanthropy we moved into an era of citizenship. Companies became business players in a globalized world, or, as it became known, Corporate Citizenship.
They started developing standards to manage their risks. This led to the need for global standards – from extractive companies and human rights to how we report on CSR today.
Phase 3: Citizenship-led Cause Marketing
When the term cause marketing was initially floated, CSR became something business could benefit from for the first time. It was a huge shift in how we perceived CSR– not just risk management. This benefit-based approach brought operations back on the table leading to the development of CSR as a business strategy.
Now, CSR was suddenly not about cutting costs but about increasing profits.
Phase 4: CSR & Sustainability Tied with Future Business Growth
The latest evolution of CSR, or sustainability, has taken this concept of business benefit even further and started looking into the future of business and society—the heart of CSR. Sustainability today looks at finding mutually-beneficial solutions to the challenges we face as society as well as future challenges.
But CSR, even today, is still about how business can operate profitably within this role as a responsible citizen toward society.
From Reactionary to Risk Management
We have moved from a reactionary model of philanthropy to a crisis-led model in the early stages of globalization to a risk-based model in citizenship to a mutually-beneficial business model in sustainability.
We might have seen our understanding of CSR deepen throughout this evolution but the definition of CSR hasn't changed much over time—CSR is the way a company manages and communicates its impact on society and the environment.
Many of the individual parts of this evolution (philanthropy, standards, etc.) remain with us today but these are not the only parts of CSR anymore. We've adapted and moved on – keeping the good stuff, improving on them and adding to it.
The world of CSR is very, very different today. But it is still CSR.
An Argument for Terminology: Corporate Social Responsibility Fits Best
While this might be somewhat semantic in nature, it is still an important part of the debate: We should look at the description of CSR itself. Why do we use these very specific three words to describe what we do?
I would argue that the concept is actually a very good description of what we do today. Here's why:
Corporate implies that this is about business.
- • It not only describes that we are busy with a discipline involving business but goes deeper.
- • It is about profits – how we make them and how we can make more of them today and tomorrow.
- • It is not about charity.
- • It is about building a sustainable business model that will continue to deliver business results for stakeholders – especially shareholders.
Social tells us this is about society.
- • It is about the impact business has on society and how we can manage this impact to ensure both business and societal benefit.
- • Even the environmental part of CSR is about society – how we can minimize environmental impact to benefit society in the end of the day.
The new developments in CSR – sustainability – further continue to prove that CSR is about a mutually beneficial relationship between product and service development, and societal value chains.
Responsibility reveals that business does carry a responsibility in this world--to do business in a way that benefits both business and society. Further, this responsibility gives business the opportunity to create new solutions to the needs of society. I would even argue that it is their responsibility to develop these new solutions and benefit by capturing new avenues of sustainable profit.
All three concepts—Corporate, Social and Responsibility—tell us exactly what we do today. CSR is also the perfect reminder of the relationship between business and society, and the responsibility they have towards each other. None of the other concepts proposed today actually tell us what we are doing and what we should be doing.
I say, long live CSR, and may it continue to evolve and change our business world for the better.
--By Henk Campher
Henk Campher is a SVP in CSR and Sustainability at Edelman. With more than 18 years of global experience in the fields, he most recently, served as a VP at Cone, Inc., a cause marketing firm based in Boston, where he led and implemented a wide range of CSR campaigns including consumer outreach, stakeholder engagement and sustainability strategies and integration.
Previously, Campher has also worked at U.K.-based International Business Leaders Forum (IBLF), served as Special Adviser to former U.K. Prime Minister Tony Blair's Commission for Africa; as Policy Adviser on the Private Sector at Oxfam; and helped establish and lead the Nelson Mandela-initiated Proudly South African Campaign. He is a proud South African and a self-acknowledged social media junkie, including a semi-regular blog called Corporate Social Reality, and a very active Twitter account @AngryAfrican.
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Team CTC's Oliver and Payton pushed to the limit on tough Redditch course
Team CTC's Oliver and Payton pushed to the limit on tough Redditch course
Many riders struggled to keep up with the pace on the 1.4km circuit in Worcestershire.
At the start of the day, Team CTC had planned to field three riders, however Tracey Fletcher had to pull out suffering from a head cold, leaving just Oliver and Payton to compete.The pair faced a gruelling task, but they fought tooth and nail to keep up with the leaders on a day where many riders were caught out early on.
The steep hill section of the course saw the pack break up during the first few laps, with Oliver and Payton competing in the lead peloton of the field.
The challenge presented by the course meant many riders found themselves lapped by the leaders with around three laps to go, with Hannah Barnes of MG Maxifuel taking the individual win, and MG also picking up Team victory; Adela Carter of Hope Factory Racing won in both the Combativity and Sprint categories.
After what was a tough challenge faced by his two riders, Team CTC's Manager Steve Bailey was pleased with the ladies' performance.
It was a technical and competitive ride for them both what with the nasty hill climb, however they both did extremely well considering the challenges the circuit produced and their performance was fantastic."
Steve Bailey, Team CTC Manager
The next event in the calendar will see the ladies' stamina put to the test with six races in eight days, starting with the London Nocturne and Hillingdon Grand Prix back-to-back on the 8 and 9 June respectively.
It's hoped Nicola Juniper will have recovered from an illness in time to compete alongside Lydia Boylan in the Nocturne, with the pair joined either by Oliver or Payton for Hillingdon.
And Bailey believes the team can come away from the upcoming weekend schedule with some good results.
"Nicola and Lydia are very good circuit racers," Steve says, "and I'm looking for at least one of them to place in the top ten, if not more.
"Hillingdon is another closed circuit, so it should be a good showing for CTC and as long as they place well and come back safe, I'll be happy because the following week is going to be very tough."


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Three years ago (today), the real-time adventures of 24 came to close. Now, it appears that Jack Bauer could soon be returning to television screens once last time, in an all-new adventure.
Reportedly former 24 showrunner Howard Gordon has approached Fox with a plan to bring the series back for limited run. Though no deals have been officially made, Fox appears to be interested in bringing back the fan-favorite series, and Kiefer Sutherland is currently in talks to return. If (or when) the series does return to the air, however, it will be a completely new story, not a continuation.
In the 24 series finale, following the conclusion of a complicated plot involving Russian assassins, mobsters and terrorists - not to mention President Charles Logan - Jack Bauer's antics were finally a little too rogue, making him wanted by Russian and American forces. With no other option but to leave behind his life, again, Jack asked Chloe O'Brian (Mary Lynn Rajskub) to keep an eye on his daughter Kim (Elisha Cuthbert) as his enemies might use his family to lure him out of hiding. Chloe shut down a drone she was using to monitor Jack's activity on the ground during the climax of the season, and the clock ran down to 00:00:00.
In the years since the 24 finale aired, there have been talks about potentially reviving the series in the form of a movie, written by Billy Ray (State of Play). Originally, Fox was looking to begin production on a theatrical follow-up in spring 2012, but after budget issues relating to salary for the cast came up, production was put on hold, apparently indefinitely. And even if the series does return to air, it will be Gordon's idea, not some version of the movie plot, which television audiences will see.
And though it doesn't seem that difficult to bring Jack Bauer back from the established series finale, it does beg the question as to whether he would be brought back voluntarily, or if he's just in the wrong place at the wrong time. Bauer isn't too different from Die Hard's John McClane, so accidentally getting involved in some terrorist plot wouldn't be a stretch while he's on the run. However, the mention of a "limited" run does raise the issue of how the series' real-time format would work, if there are not twenty-four one-hour episodes comprising the season. Maybe we'll skip a few hours here and there?
Then again, as the joke now goes "If everybody did what Jack Bauer said, the show would be called '12.'"
With network television now more open to serialized series, like The Following, 24 could easily slide in to a midseason spot, which would allow for a longer run of episodes without the lengthy breaks that fall television series have to deal with. And with potential return of Heroes, as well as the success of the Veronica Mars Kickstarter, it's clear that fans are still interested in revisiting their favorite series from the past. Whether or not 24's return will be successful, however, is another question – but it's doubtful that anyone would turn down the chance to see Jack Baur back in action one last time.
Update: Entertainment Weekly is reporting that Fox is looking to bring 24 back for a 13-episode run.
[poll id="594"]
Keep an eye on Screen Rant for more updates on 24 season 9
Source: Deadline; Entertainment Weekly


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Fourthcore Alphabet: Dark & Deadly Dungeon Design from Altars to the Zodiac
eBook (PDF), 67 Pages
Price: $0.99
Fourthcore Alphabet is a reference guide and inspirational tool aimed at Dungeon Masters who are building and running dark, deadly dungeons. Each chapter spotlights a different element of fourthcore design, beginning with a short essay that describes how the element fits into the fourthcore aesthetic. These essays are followed by a table with which you can generate hundreds of examples using only your twenty-sided die. While this book uses the 4th Edition rules, every effort has been made to present the material in a way that makes it easily adaptable to other systems. DMs running gothic deathtrap dungeons in games like OSRIC or Wrath will find much to enjoy in this book.
Available in PDF Format
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Product Details
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- Sersa Victory and SVD Press (Standard Copyright License)
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- 1st Printing
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- October 31, 2011
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- English
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- 67
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- 18498965
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The Young Marines is a youth education and service program for boys and girls, ages 11 through 14. We promote mental, moral and physical development of its members. The program focuses on character building, leadership, and promotes a healthy, gang and drug free lifestyle.
Interested Students
For information please click here: http://www.stjohnyoungmarines.com/.
St John the Baptist Parish
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text:
yep. pretty much what the title says.
i don't even really know why, i've only found 1 real guy attractive in about 2 years, yet i've had loads of anime crushes.
i get all "squeeee" over anime boys the way other girls get over real boys-- but when it comes to real boys, i'm like "ew gross".
it kinda sucks because all of the guys who are physically attractive end up having terrible personalities, they are unintelligent and crude.
it's not like i really expect some perfect guy inside and out to waltz into my life because, i know i'm not anywhere near perfect myself.
it just makes me sad sometimes that i can't experience any attraction to boys unless they're... 2d, out of my reach, no way i could actually get to know them because THEY'RE NOT REAL lol.
i think i've started to determine lately that it might be because with real human beings, you never know whether to trust them or not. i think anime boys seem trustworthy because their thoughts are all narrated and you know when he tells the female character "i love you", he's not lying to get in her pants because you watched his deep monologue with himself about whether or not to confess to her the night before.
idk. just my thoughts. little bit of ranting. anyone relate?


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Here's some food for thought.
The mountain plover's populations now range around 20,000 birds left in the world. Across the globe, a very different creature, the saiga antelope, only boasts about 40,000. One of these animals is globally listed as critically endangered, and one was found not qualified for federal endangered species status. Any guesses?
Today, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, after a review of the current scientific and commercial information found mountain plover not warranted for listing, citing threats to its habitat as less significant than previously thought.
Mountain plovers are a small ground-nesting bird that rely on short-grass prairies and shrub-steppe environments in the American West for breeding habitat. Land use and habitat loss have been a primary suspect in the disappearance of the plover, an animal so good at hiding, that science is just now starting to get a better idea of how many are left. Recent research shows that rather than being pushed out by agriculture, mountain plovers are actually using farmland as a refuge during nesting season.
I want to take this as good news, but with short-grass prairie and steppe disappearing, swallowed up by energy development and overgrazing, active cropland does not sound like the most stable of refuges for a bird of small numbers, stature and a master of camouflage. My hope is that not being listed will help avoid animosity of the animal by landowners, and perhaps even foster pride and care of the plover so that farmers will not have to contend with being the harbor of an endangered species.
How many of an animal is left is not necessarily determinant of whether a species should be protected. Many factors go into the decision. But one has to wonder, what makes a population of 20,000 birds so much more stable than 40,000 of another species?


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Budapest, Hungary
Most of Pressflex's technical and consulting team work in Budapest, not far from the cafe that inspired the "six degrees" concept. Our software is built by graduates of the university that produced Rubik's cube, the atomic bomb, goulash, the carburetor, the four-wheel sprung carriage and the ball point pen. Pressflex's polyglot consultants cajole publishers across Europe.
Chapel Hill, NC
Our colleagues at sister company blogads.com enjoy the humid splendor of Chapel Hill, a college town set in bucolic North Carolina. We've got a Hungarian cafe, great Mexican, live jazz and even the occasional traffic jam. Plenty of start-ups and smart people make this a cutting-edge infopolis.
Tel: +1 919 636 4551


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ERIC Number: ED523891
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 2011
Pages: 20
Abstractor: ERIC
The Condition of College and Career Readiness, 2011: North Carolina
ACT, Inc.
Annually, ACT provides a snapshot of the college and career readiness of ACT-tested high school graduates. This report is offered as a service to inform policymakers and practitioners about selected indicators of effectiveness and how that translates into readiness. It is designed to stimulate discussion, inquiry, and action. This report for the state of North Carolina is designed to help inform the following questions that are driving national efforts to strengthen P-16 education: (1) Are students prepared for college and career?; (2) Are enough students taking core courses?; (3) Are core courses rigorous enough?; (4) Are younger students on target for college and career?; and (5) What other dimensions of college and career readiness should states track? (Contains 5 endnotes.) [For the main report, "The Condition of College & Career Readiness, 2011," see ED522992.]
Descriptors: Achievement Need, Achievement Rating, Achievement Tests, Academic Achievement, Alignment (Education), Aspiration, Benchmarking, Career Development, Change Strategies, College Preparation, College Readiness, Core Curriculum, Developmental Studies Programs, Educational Assessment, Educational Attainment, Educational Indicators, Educational Resources, Employment Potential, Ethnicity, Evaluation Needs, High School Graduates, Higher Education, Job Training, Partnerships in Education, Race, School Statistics, Student Participation
ACT, Inc. 500 ACT Drive, P.O. Box 168, Iowa City, IA 52243-0168. Tel: 319-337-1270; Web site: http://www.act.org
Publication Type: Numerical/Quantitative Data; Reports - Descriptive
Education Level: High Schools; Higher Education; Postsecondary Education; Secondary Education
Audience: Practitioners; Policymakers
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: ACT, Inc.
Identifiers - Location: North Carolina
Identifiers - Assessments and Surveys: ACT Assessment


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Vidor police are currently investigating an attempted shoplifting incident that happened Friday, July 12, at the Vidor Market Basket on Main Street at approximately 4:45 p.m.
According to a witness, a woman attempted to leave the grocery store with a basket full of items. As the woman attempted to flee the store, she left behind her purse. She ran through the parking lot and was able to escape at the time, but the witness speculated she would be easy to find because her identification was inside her abandoned purse.
Store staff detained a man assumed to be her accomplice until police arrived. Two Vidor police cruisers arrived at the scene and briefly questioned the suspected accomplice before leaving in search of the fleeing female suspect. A Vidor police officer said the case is still under investigation and no names or further information could be released at this time.
[1] http://theexaminer.com/users/sharon-brooks
[2] http://theexaminer.com/sites/default/files/2013-07-12%2017.09.08.jpg
[3] http://theexaminer.com/stories/news
[4] http://theexaminer.com/tags/market-basket
[5] http://theexaminer.com/tags/shoplifting
[6] http://theexaminer.com/tags/vidor


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Stereos, in Chickasha or home audio refers to any audio electronics intended for home use. It is a sound system which typically includes a CD, tape, or recorder; has two or more speakers and produces stereo sound. Stereophonic sound is also commonly termed as stereo and refers to a type of sound reproduction in which an attempt is made to create an illusion of the sound coming from different directions. Stereophonic sound attempts to create an illusion of location for various sound sources like voices, instruments, etc. within the original recording. Stereo sound systems can be divided into two forms natural and artificial. The true or natural stereo sound is the one in which live sound is captured with a natural reverberation by suing a number of microphones. The signal is then reproduced over multiple loudspeakers to recreate the live sound. However, in the artificial stereo a single sound is reproduced over multiple loudspeakers. By combining multiple mono signals together a complete yet entirely artificial sound field can be created.
These days true stereo is mainly confined to recordings of live music, particularly classical music. Almost all pop records and movie soundtracks are of the "artificial" variety. In technical usage, true stereo means sound recording and sound reproduction that uses stereographic projection to encode the relative positions of objects and events recorded.


text: Climbing kit get get pretty expensive, so having something safe to cart it all round in is essential - ropes, protection and carabiners can all be easily damaged or lost if it's not transported properly, but a good backpack will solve those problems, once and for all. Whether you're looking for a simple rope bag to carry your gear to the gym in, or a backpack fit for alpine expeditions, we've got the goods from Patagonia, Mammut, Beal and more. Secret pockets, clever enlargement solutions and extra storage galore, have a look below and find your perfect backpack.


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Backlick Center
Springfield, VA 22150
Located in the same center as Outback Steakhouse
and Chick-Fil-a
Sun: CLOSED
Mon: CLOSED
Tues:10 AM – 6 PM
Wed: 10 AM – 6 PM
Thur:10 AM – 6 PM
Fri: 10 AM – 5 PM
Sat: 10 AM – 5 PM
For over 35 years, JOI Wig has provided the DC, Maryland and Virginia area with unmatched service and the highest quality hair loss products, presented to you in a warm and caring environment.
From the moment you enter JOI, you will experience why we are the best! Our professional staff will assist you in preparing for your changing hair needs. Understanding is vital to meeting our client's goals. We work with clients experiencing many forms of hair loss from chemotherapy to hair loss from alopecia and with those clients just looking to add style with a new look.
We want to meet your life style goals and expectations. We begin your personalized consultation by getting to know you, your daily routine, your style and needs. We discuss hair color, skin tone, style and facial structure. We then custom fit and style your new wig for ease and comfort to create a one of a kind and natural look just for you. Once you have your new wig we will help you care for and maintain it, so you look lovely every day. Our goal is to help you transition comfortably, confidently and with JOI!
For those with thinning hair, we carry both Men's Hair Systems and Women's Hair Pieces.
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Home » KnowledgeBase » Dehydrators (everything you should know) » Dehydrating at 145 degrees – Explained
As many of you know, I LOVE the Excalibur dehydrator. I am not endorsed by them, I am just passionate about quality kitchen tools, and in my book, this makes the top of the list.
In several of my recipes, you will notice instructions to set your dehydrator at 145 degrees (F) for 1 hour and then decrease it to 105 – 115 degrees after that. Some of you may be concerned, thinking that we are killing the enzymes at 145 degrees (F).
However, this is not the case based on information from the Excalibur website. I copied and pasted their explanation below; I didn't want you to just take my word for it. The main reason for this technique is to decrease the dry time to save energy and also cut down on the possibility of introducing bacteria to some of the recipes.
I don't recommend it on less dense recipes such as kale chips because they have a low fluid content. I tend to use this technique on thicker recipes such as raw breads, cookies, cakes, and bars.
In understanding the difference between air temp and food temp it is important to know how to read Excalibur's dial. The temperature reading on the dial refers to FOOD temperature.
In general food, the temperature is about 20 degrees cooler than air temperature. Therefore if you set your Excalibur at 105ºF you are setting it to hold the food temperature at around 105ºF, the air temperature may get as high as 125ºF depending upon the moisture content of the food. The reason the food temperature is cooler is because of the evaporation. As the moisture on the surface of the food evaporates, it cools the food keeping it about 20ºF cooler than the air temperature. We have discovered this through hours of testing by measuring the air temperature and food temperature simultaneously during the dehydration process using a Doric Trendicator with type J thermocouples.
It is also important to know how the thermostat works. We have found through experimentation, that to preserve the enzymes and reduce the risk of mold and bacteria, it is necessary to have a wide fluctuation in temperature.
Because enzymes and microorganisms both thrive at the same temperature, we must be able to accomplish two things at once, keep the food temperature low enough not to harm the enzymes, and elevate the air temperature high enough to remove the moisture quickly to stop the growth of mold or bacteria. The wide fluctuation in temperature accomplishes just that.
As the air temperature rapidly rises to its high point, moisture is quickly evaporated off the surface of the food, and as the temperature lowers the dryer surface pulls moisture from the center of the food and becomes saturated again. Because of the continuous up and down fluctuation in air temperature, and constant evaporation the food temperature remains constant at a lower temperature.
After all the moisture is evaporated out of the food, the food temperature will rise and then equalize somewhere in the middle of the air temperature fluctuation. Once the food temperature rises, one might get worried and think that the enzymes are dead if they don't understand the third critical aspect. Which is, that enzymes are only susceptible to damage by high heat when they are in the wet state, therefore once the food is dehydrated the enzymes have become dormant and can withstand much higher temperatures.
According to our discussions with Viktoras Kulvinskas on this matter, he said that we were right, and that, "dry enzymes can survive well up to 150ºF." He has tested food he has prepared in his Excalibur dehydrators with an experiment he created and found it to be high in enzymatic activity. We have also done some experiments by soaking various seeds, dehydrating them at different temperatures, and soaking them again afterward to see if they will sprout, and they did, which proves that the enzymes are alive.
Something that has caused us a lot of concern is the fact that we have heard so many conflicting opinions as to the temperature at which enzymes are destroyed. Twenty years ago Ann Wigmore spoke to our Founder Roger Orton personally and said that the food temperature had to go above 120ºF for a period of time before the enzymes were destroyed. Again in our discussions with Viktoras, he said the same thing.
Ann tested different dehydrators and found that Excalibur was the best for living foods. She found the best technique for saving enzymes was to set Excalibur on a higher food temperature setting in the beginning and then turn it down after a few hours.
However because most people may not know when to turn it down, and by leaving it on the higher setting may kill the enzymes she said to set your Excalibur on 105ºF setting throughout the entire cycle. That way the food temp will never go above 120ºF even after it is dry.
We believe this is why many have come to believe that 105ºF air temperature is the temperature at which the enzymes are destroyed, which is entirely inaccurate. We have also heard many people quote Dr. Edward Howell in his book Enzyme Nutrition that prolonged temperatures over 118ºF will destroy enzymes. We also read in his book where he says that the enzyme amylase can still convert starch to sugar at air temperatures up to 160ºF but will wear out after a half an hour. We have also read where he says that the optimum temperatures for enzymes are 45ºF to 140ºF.
Just recently we spoke with Dr. John Whitaker who is a world-renowned enzymologist, and former dean of the Department of Nutrition and Food Science at U.C. Davis. He said that every enzyme is different and some are more stable at higher temperatures than others but that most enzymes will not become completely inactive until food temperatures exceed 140ºF to 158ºF in a wet state.
We appreciate you taking the time to read this information and urge you to help us in spreading it throughout the raw food community. Please contact us if you have any questions, or you know of any further information you can share with us. We want to meet the needs of the raw food community and are still researching in order to make any necessary changes, but from what we have been told the present Excalibur is perfect. We hope that it has helped in answering your questions regarding your Excalibur Dehydrator. Please share this with any of your friends in your community.
Your Friends at Excalibur
Tags: Dehydrator Basics
Great Stuff!
Thanks for sharing your recipe‼
Annie Sue…
thank you for the time you have invested in creating this wonderful informative site…it's also really beautifully layed out…
i am enjoying it…
warm regards…
Your welcome and thank you as well Yeshe :) I hope you are having a wonderful day. amie sue
I am glad I found this, I was starting to think my machine was broken. Thank you!
Thanks so much. I have never seen this info before…it is very helpful. Please know that you help many just by posting. : )
Thank you Karen. :) Have a wonderful weekend! amie sue
At the present I cannot afford the excalibur dehydrator, and I already have the "salton" dehydrator at home. I soaked some pumpkin seeds and some almonds, and now want to dehydrate them.
Can I follow the same protocol. ie, put the heat on 140 degrees for one hour and then lower it to 105 degrees or would it be best to just start and end with 105 degrees.
Since this is really my first time I am attempting this, can you please advise me for approx. how long I should keep the pumpkin and almonds in the dehydrator.
any help, would be much appreciated. Thank you
Good evening Sonia,
For nuts and seeds, I dry at 115 degrees from beginning to end. As far as the length of time, it will depend on several factors. The climate you live in, how full the dehydrator is and humidity in the room. The pumpkin seeds will dry quicker than the almonds. Aim for 8 hours on the seeds and maybe 16 hours on the almonds. Just pop in on them occasionally and see how they are doing. I have yet to over-dry a nut or seed. :) Have a great evening and I hope that this helped. amie sue
Thank you very much. This reply helped me a lot.
Can I dehydrate nuts and seeds in my oven?? I do not have a dehydrator
Hello Veronica… you can BUT they won't be raw afterward. Most ovens don't get low enough in heat. Have a great evening, amie sue
My oven thermostat will click on before the dial gets to the 150 degree mark. I close the door & it doesn't go above 100 +/- degrees. If yours can't do that, I would recommend setting it at your lowest temp & keeping the door ajar as if your were broiling (if you can take the heat in the kitchen! :-) I have a dehydrator but sometimes it's full & this is a great option for me.
Many people do this, just be aware that due to each stove being so different, the chances of the recipe remaining raw is slim. It will still be healthier than processed versions since we are using such good quality ingredients… Thank you for commenting Starr! Have a blessed evening, amie sue
I am from India & after reading your article i ordered an Excalibur Machine (9 Tray), i am trying to dehydrate Kale with some seasoning on it.
I am able to make them crispy by keeping it at a temperature of 150 F for 12 hours but obviously its loosing the Rawness & destroying the Enzymes.
Need your suggestion on how to keep kale Raw as well as Crispy ??
If I dehydrate it at 150F for 8-9 hours & then lowering the temperature to 105F will it keep the Enzymes intact & at the same time not allowing any bacteria to grow.
Kindly help me, I have tried dehydrating the Kale at 105F for 24 Hours but its not as crispy as it should be.
Hello Chetan, I would suggest reading through my kale chip recipes to learn about how I make them. Yes, drying them for 12 hours at 150 degrees (F) will make the "cooked" and no longer raw. Please share with me what all the ingredients are that you are using so I can see if something you are using are preventing them for drying crispy. Let's start there and see what we can come up with in order to help you. amie sue
This is the most thorough research and noted for all to read on this subject that I have found. Thank you so much! Wow, I feel like I just graduated dehydration school!!!!!!!!!!!
lol, one should get a certificate, shouldn't they? hehe Have a great weekend, amie sue
I've argued with nutritionists and chemists for the last time when I realized that what raw food really gives us is their "life force". I define "life force" as "Whatever that is in the food that makes it grow". Humans die at a temperature of 114-116 degrees. So I am comfortable using my Excalibur at that temperature. As an experiment I took some potatoes, carrots and celery out of the ground as they were growing. I put them in the oven at 114 degrees and then put them back in the ground, and they continued to grow. I didn't use the dehydrator. I never put them in the dehydrator or oven at higher temperature because the 114 degrees was working for my recipes. I will test your 140 degrees in the Excalibur to see what happens.
Thanks for sharing Frank. You will have to let us know how your little experiment goes. :) amie sue
1. I put the 114 degree heated food in a jar of water, and not the ground, to see if the root vegetables and celery would root and sprout sprout. They did. Life force retained!
2. Arguments with scientists centered around the definition of enzymes and how the body, through the pancreas makes all of the enzymes the body needs. Conversation usually ended when the scientists realized and admitted that they couldn't tell me or define what was in the food that made it grow other than enzymes, amino acids, etc.. They also admitted that they could not duplicate life from these test tube amino acids and enzymes. "Only God can make a tree". I guess I should have dehydrated them at the same time. Another science fair for my grand kids!
3. In my opinion, and from medical articles I have read, eating raw food, especially fruit (which will digest on it's own without the pancreas providing anything), gives the pancreas a rest from the onslaught of providing what's needed to digest denatured food and animal products.
I'm making some of your cookies for my daughters birthday,using your recipe as printed. I'll gradually reduce the de-hyd temp later on.
What would be a recommendation for dehydrating nuts and seeds?
Hello Miranda,
It all depends on which ones you are using. I have posts written up for each nut and seed. https://nouveauraw.com/soaking-nuts-seeds-and-grains/. I hope this helps. blessings, amie sue
Thank you!
Thanks so much for the detailed explanation. It really does make sense on the temp fluctuation. I was always hesitant to start so high like 145 degrees, but now I understand. Thanks again…. :-)
I am so happy to hear that this helped to clear things up. I appreciate the feedback. Have a blessed weekend! amie sue
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Rochester Democrat & Chronicle - Jim Memott • February 19, 2013
It's the night before Valentine's Day, and Andy Nahas is in concert at St. John's Home in Rochester, wowing the crowd with the songs they want to hear.
Imagine Frank Sinatra or Tony Bennett stepping down from the stage and working the crowd and you've got Andy Nahas, doing it their way, but his way.
"I love him, says Jean Toal, 79, who has lived at the nursing home on Highland Avenue for 13 years. "I wouldn't miss him." "I liked the concert, the whole dam thing," says Judith Watson, another resident.
And why not? Nahas, that rare investment adviser who is also a crooner with a very good voice, carries his listeners back in time. They clap their feet, sway their shoulders, smile and smile some more. Ever smooth, the tuxedo-clad vocalist packs 18 songs into his hour-long performances.
A Brighton High School graduate and founder of the Prospect Fund hedge fund who lives in Rochester and New York City, Nahas has been taking his music to nursing homes for almost 20 years. He started at the Episcopel Church Home in Rochester as a volunteer in the mid-1990s, combining a love of singing with his desire to give back to the community.
"All the while I was becoming more comfortable with the residents and refining my idea of what kind of show I wanted to eventually do," he says, "One that was very professional, interactive, in the round with excellent sound quality."
It turned out that there was a demand for what he did, and Nahas began to give vounteer performances at other nursing homes. The St. John's concert was the second of seven Nahas gave in nursing homes starting a week ago Monday. He was at the Edna Tina Wilson Living Center, Hill Haven, Webster, St. Ann's and The Shore Winds. And he was back at the Episcopal Church Home and at Monroe Community Hospital. His concerts remain a labor of love, though some of the facilities do help Nahas with his costs.
Eight years ago, I wrote of Nahas and a Valentine's Day concert he gave at Monroe Community Hospital. Then, and now, the singer's ability to connect with his audience was on display. He works the room as residents begin to arrive, many of them in wheelchairs. Greeting them, asking their names, getting everyone to sit close together. While he sings to the recorded backup music operated by a sound technician, Nahas weaves through the crowd, stopping to mention people by name, shaking hands, making eye contact, even dancing.
"The feeling that people in the audience get from this is no different than what you or I get when someone says our names or touches us when speaking to us." Nahas says. "It makes us feel more respected and more cared about."
Between songs, Nahas serves up a little banter, a few corny jokes. The audience likes the humor, but they come for the songs. "New York, New York," "Pretty Woman," "My Way." The spiritual "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" is a show stopper as well.
At St. John's Nahas works that song hard, the crowd clapping along as he builds to a high note, his gift to everyone in the room, a singer's Valentine on the night before the big day.
Andy Nahas Gives The Gift of Song to Nursing Home Residents
Rochester Democrat & Chronicle - Jim Memott • February 19, 2013


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There is a reason I go to bed hours before my husband does, and this right here is exactly it.
It is 1:06 am and I am sitting on the couch with that exhilarated feeling you get in your head and your forearm for exactly 1.37 seconds when you just *know* that this time, the lawn mower is going to start.
My father will tell you with no hesitation that my first step-mother attempted to murder him in his sleep one night. He woke up in the middle of the night to find her straddling him (easy, tiger, it's a family blog) with one hand over his mouth and the other pinching his nose shut.
They say we all marry our fathers. I guess I married my father's sinuses.
When I was very, very little, we lived in a house made of stucco and mud. The walls were ridiculously thin and my bunkbeds shared a wall with my father's headboard. Knowing this fact, you think they wouldn't have let me watch hour after hour of The Incredible Hulk, but no one ever said my parents were smart and more nights than not I ended up wedged in between them in their bed where I could confirm with deafening certainty that the source of that horrible, wall-shaking noise was my father's face.
I guess it's not until you're married for a few years that snoring goes from lullabyish soothing to force-choke worthy.
Tonight I laid in my bed, counting chain saws, trying to figure out why I let him go to bed first and how much duct tape it would take to remedy the situation. I tried to channel my inner four year old and find a way to be comforted by the audio reenactments of the book of Revelations on the pillow next to mine, but it turns out that pretending your husband is your father, even for a second, it just a terrible, rotten, no good very bad idea, indeed.


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Fascinating discussion. I know Jay Weidner has his downsides but I do find both of his Kubrick's Odyssey writings and films to be rather compelling and full of interesting information. Kubrick's Odyssey was the nail in the coffin for me on the Moon Hoax. Unfortunately, Weidner loses all credibility by saying we still went to the moon, but just faked the footage.
Either way, the film helped me connect a lot of dots regarding how Kubrick fit into things. It's a powerful tool in the arsenal for people who are open minded but can't do the fakery related research (for whatever reasons).
The theme and theories of the monolith in the second installment were convincing for me as well.


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One Flesh Union - Christ and the Church
What is the One Flesh Union concerning Christ and the Church?
I have posted a version of this question in the Biblical Studies because I believe it is a beautiful question to ponder. And another version in the interdenominational Discussions to see how we view this mystery as expressed in the Sacrament of Matrimony differently.
But I have really been waiting patiently and anxiously for quite a long time to post this particular question on this forum because in another discussion here, the Catholic view of the One Flesh Union between Christ and the Church was called blasphemous. Specifically this teaching from the Catechism.
795 Christ and his Church thus together make up the "whole Christ" (Christus totus). The Church is one with Christ. The saints are acutely aware of this unity:
Let us rejoice then and give thanks that we have become not only Christians, but Christ himself. Do you understand and grasp, brethren, God's grace toward us? Marvel and rejoice: we have become Christ. For if he is the head, we are the members; he and we together are the whole man. . . . The fullness of Christ then is the head and the members. But what does "head and members" mean? Christ and the Church.
Our redeemer has shown himself to be one person with the holy Church whom he has taken to himself.
Head and members form as it were one and the same mystical person.
A reply of St. Joan of Arc to her judges sums up the faith of the holy doctors and the good sense of the believer: "About Jesus Christ and the Church, I simply know they're just one thing, and we shouldn't complicate the matter."
Our understanding of the One Flesh Union between Christ and the Church is based upon this verse.
Ephesians 5:
30For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones. 31For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh. 32This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the church.
Now, it seems to me that our understanding lines up pretty well with Scripture.
And so, I posted this particular thread to see how your views contrast with the Catholic view of this greatest and most wonderful of mysteries.
De Maria
Is the Church without spot or wrinkle already?
JW said,
We are One in CHRIST . . . if we do HIS Will and follow in HIS Footsteps . . . but we are the sinners . . . not the Church . . . not CHRIST . . . not GOD . . . when we do bad things.
Mike says,
Church ... Christ ... God ....
Is that a Trinity of sorts?
I find that the "Roman Catholic Church" is an entity that is being deified, and is seperate from the people in it.
What happened to one flesh?
"Divine Grace is not opposed to effort ...
it is opposed to earning "
— Dallas Willard
"Divine Grace is not opposed to effort ...
it is opposed to earning "
— Dallas Willard