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Could This Finally Be The End of Bank Of America's Woes?
Despite being one of the best performing stocks in the S&P 500 over the past two years, Bank of America still can't catch a break in the court of public opinion. The biggest reason why? The bank's near constant stream of public relations nightmares, most of which stemming from problem mortgage loans.
We're talking about robo-signed foreclosures, multibillion dollar lawsuits, poorly implemented checking account fees, and everything Occupy Wall Street.
It gets worse
In its 2013 annual report, Bank of America put aside over $13 billion in reserves for future expenses related to bad mortgages originated during the Countrywide heyday before the financial crisis. Countrywide sold mortgages to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with certain promises related to the quality of those loans. When it turned out those promises were not true, the bank is now obligated to buy back those mortgages.
That's worth repeating. The crisis hit over five years ago, and just three months ago the bank still thinks that representation and warranty expenses will exceed $13 billion. That's after the multi-billion dollar settlements already finalized and on the books.
And that doesn't include other, undisclosed reserves for ongoing lawsuits pending or already filed by the Justice Department.
Darkest before dawn? Or perhaps the sun is already above the horizon
And yet, almost in spite of all the bad press and megareserves, Bank of America continues its steady march higher and higher in the market. What gives?
Well, most obviously is that net income has rebounded strongly. Check out this chart of the bank's quarterly net income over the past five years. After the tumult and chaos of 2009-2011, quarterly performance has been consistent and improving since 2012.
In fact, net income for the quarter ended December 31, 2013 is 73% higher for the quarter ended December 31, 2011. That's not bad.
Good banks are boring banks. They are predictable and reliable. Bank of America has made great strides to simplify its operations and to be more boring. Its working, and you can see it in the stability of the bank's earnings.
But there is a bigger driver than that
If we take a step back and really boil down Bank of America's problems into one primary component, we'd be left with a giant boiling pot of bad loans.
Over the past two years, and especially over the past few quarters, the bank's loan quality has made dramatic improvements. For the long term future, this improvement is even more significant than the improvement in earnings.
Breaking down Bank of America's loan quality data, we look at a few key metrics.
First is the level of non performing loans on the books. These are the worst of the worst -- loans that are no longer accruing interest, loans more than 90 days past due, and loans in foreclosure. As the chart below shows, this metric increased dramatically after the real estate bubble popped, but in recent quarters has been declining consistently.
The improvement in non-performing loan levels is also seen in the bank's charge off data. Charge offs are losses the bank accepts on loans determined to be beyond repair. The bank shows the charge off as a loss on the income statement and then reduces the value of that loan on the balance sheet. If a non performing loan is a loan in intensive care, then a charged off loan is buried in the graveyard.
At the end of the first quarter in 2011, Bank of America charged off 2.85% of the average total loans for the quarter. That number has gone down every quarter but one since, and was just 0.96% for the fourth quarter of 2013.
Looking forward
The stock market though doesn't care so much about what happened yesterday; what matters is what happens tomorrow.
To evaluate Bank of America's future levels of non-performing loans and charge offs, we look to the level of loans that are currently past due but not quite as severely. Generally this means loans that are 30-89 days past due.
The story is largely the same. After a very abrupt spike in medium term past due loans in 2008, the bank has made great improvements to shore up these problems.
In this light it certainly appears that Bank of America has indeed turned a corner. Bad loans were the central reason for all of the bank's woes, and those bad loans have nearly been digested. With billions already in reserve to manage the last of these problems, Bank of America appears poised to finally leave the ill will of the financial crisis behind. And after five years, its about time.
Big banking's little $20.8 trillion secret
There's a brand-new company that's revolutionizing banking, and is poised to kill the hated traditional brick-and-mortar banks. That's bad for them, but great for investors. And amazingly, despite its rapid growth, this company is still flying under the radar of Wall Street. To learn about about this company, click here to access our new special free report.
The article Could This Finally Be The End of Bank Of America's Woes? originally appeared on Fool.com.Jay Jenkins has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool recommends Bank of America. The Motley Fool owns shares of Bank of America. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Copyright © 1995 - 2014 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


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Better English Pronunciation - Cambridge University
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Indonesia's youth and sports minister has stepped down, a day after he was named as a suspect in a graft case linked to a sports education construction project near the capital.
Andi Mallarangeng, 49, claimed he was innocent, but said he needed to "focus on my legal case".
"Under the current situation, I won't be able to carry out my duties effectively."
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono had accepted his resignation, and he had also stepped down from the advisory board of Yudhoyono's Democratic Party, the former minister said.
A project to build a sports education centre on Jakarta's outskirts showed signs of corruption costing the state around 243 billion rupiah ($A24.15 million), auditors have said.
The Corruption Eradication Commission has said it suspects Mallarangeng of delegating the signing of the contract to build the 1.1-trillion-rupiah centre to his secretary, breaching a law that requires a minister to sign any contract over 50 billion rupiah.
Democratic Party chairman Anas Urbaningrum has also been implicated, but not named as a suspect in the case, the latest in a series of corruption scandals involving top officials of the ruling coalition's largest party.
Party former treasurer and legislator Muhammad Nazaruddin is serving a jail term of more than four years and 10 months for taking a 4.6-billion-rupiah bribe for awarding the construction of an athletes' village for the 2011 South-East Asian Games.
Nazaruddin has accused Mallarangeng of receiving a kickback of 20 billion rupiah in connection with the sports education complex project.
Another senior party official and legislator, Angelina Sondakh, is on trial in a separate corruption case.
Mallarangeng was on Thursday banned from travel to be questioned over the allegations.


text:
A recent string of violence in the area resulted in trip for local students to get educated at the state penitentiary earlier this month.
A recent string of violence in the area resulted in trip for local students to get educated at the state penitentiary earlier this month.
East Thibodaux Middle, West Thibodaux Middle and Thibodaux High school students heard from Theortric Givens, an inmate who has spent 31 years in prison at Angola.
Convicted of two counts of manslaughter in New Orleans when he was 15 years old, Givens, now 46, still has 49 years remaining on his sentence. He will be eligible for release when he is 95, if he serves all those years.
"(Givens is) a perfect example of what we're trying to display to the kids," Thibodaux Police Capt. Calvin Cooks said.
Thibodaux City Councilwoman Constance Johnson said Givens' message to the students was about the choices they make.
Givens described the settings he deals with every day, including living behind bars without air-conditioning in the Louisiana heat.
Cooks said he told the kids to remember every detail about the ride to the prison and how the world is progressing because for some people that is a one-way trip.
"Imagine taking this trip and watching all of the new construction and the new buildings and the new cars and never being able to see that again. Many people take that trip and never come back home," he said.
The prison visit was not meant to be a scare tactic, Cooks said, but rather an educational experience.
"We're not trying to scare them. We're trying to educate them on making the right choices," he said.
Givens said he couldn't blame his problems on a poor upbringing. He came from a very good home, but made the wrong choices, Johnson said.
Cooks said he has received calls from parents who have told him the message was well received.
Givens is "a very experienced tour speaker. He's talked to a number of our tour groups, and he always does an excellent job in educating them," penitentiary public information officer Gary Young said.
Johnson and Cooks have sponsored trips to the prison before, but in recent years they have held a "Boys to Men" retreat for young men in the parish. However, after a string of recent slayings in both Lafourche and Terrebonne parishes they thought a visit to Angola would be appropriate.
"With the recent violence that has plagued our community, we are tasked with encouraging our children to put down their weapons and pick up a book and educate themselves about making the right choices," Johnson said.
Johnson said she hoped the visit would encourage the children to understand that the decisions they make now could affect them for the rest of their lives.
"We must continue the fight to save the children by affording them opportunities to see and hear for themselves what happens when they make the wrong choices," Johnson said. "One wrong choice can change your life. Good choices will allow you to become a successful individual and make a positive difference in the community."
Staff Writer Jacob Batte can be reached at 448-7635 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @ja_batte


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OS X Terminal for Data Movers pt. 1/
OS X Terminal for Data Movers pt.1
by Ben Cain and Edward Richardson
Like it or not, moving around piles of data is just part of the job for those working with modern digital camera systems and the files they generate. In the digital film & television production trenches terabytes of the stuff can easily be amassed in a single day. In order to stay employed, Digital Imaging Technicians, Assistant Editors, Facility Ingest Operators and others on the front lines must be able to quickly and efficiently keep up with the production's precious mountains of zero's and one's. There are many tools in this arsenal but an under-utilized one is the readily available command line in everyone's Mac Terminal app.
If you don't have much programming or scripting experience, writing Bash Commands in the terminal can be a little intimidating. And for good reason as a bad entry can be devastating — data deleted here doesn't go into the Trash but is gone forever like it never existed. Nothing to fret over but definitely something to be aware of!
The good news is there are many excellent tutorials out there on this topic. A cursory Google search will often yield a knowledge base for whatever you're trying to accomplish in the terminal. Once you've learned the basics, generic commands found online can easily be tweaked for one's own needs.
For simplicity's sake, this article does not concern Bash on the Unix side at all. While there is a lot of cross-over, for our purposes, it's a bit of a different beast and not much point exploring at this time.
For starters, if you're not sure where the terminal app lives, it's found in your Mac's Applications > Utilities folder. Open it up, find a few a files you can safely experiment with, pour yourself a strong cup of coffee and let's get started. We recommend you start here and work to the end in a linear fashion as each section of the tutorial very much builds on the previous.
1. Anatomy of a Bash Command
The first thing to be aware of with any programming language is syntax, which like any other linguistic grammar, has its own rules. The Terminal likes what it likes and is totally unforgiving. Any errors in syntax will not return successful results and it's important to note that all entries are Case Sensitive!
Commands are made up of three distinct parts, let's take a look at a very basic command that will list out the contents of my Documents folder:
ls -l ~/Documents
ls is the Utility, sometimes referred to simply as the command. There are many different Utilities and they cast the broadest net in terms of what you're asking the system to do. You will refine the Utility by using Flags and Arguments.
-l is the Flag, which modifies the Utility by making it more specific. There are many different Flags and they always begin with one or two dashes, followed by a lowercase letter and they come immediately after the Utility. When multiple flags are used their order isn't important and only one "-" is necessary.
~/Documents is the Argument, which tells the Utility and Flag exactly where in the file system to execute the command. The Argument usually comes after the Utility and Flag, can be simple or complex, may work on its own or with many other Arguments. Because of this, errors in syntax within the Argument may be more difficult to detect than in the more straightforward Utility and Flag. The tilda, ~, followed by / always indicates the Relative File Path. More on this in a moment.
ls -l ~/Documents asks the system to follow the relative file path to my Documents folder (the argument) and then list out (the command) the contents in long form, vertical column showing permissions, ownership, etc (the flag). This command returns something that looks like this:
If you see "#" in a command, the hashtag signifies a "comment," text that will not be read as part of the command but may be a useful note for someone reading it and trying to make sense of it.
2. Getting Around in the Terminal Window
The most immediately useful (and least destructive) command set concerns basic file system navigation and networking.
The first thing to be aware of regarding navigation is you can drag folders and file icons into the terminal window to create the file path instead of typing it out manually, saving yourself a lot of time and energy.
In the graphic above you'll notice the line Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ bencain$ several times. This is your Home Directory and is the default location of new terminal windows. It shows the name of the machine followed by the username and "$" which means the terminal is ready to accept a command from this normal, non root level user. The home directory and where are you in the file system are important concepts as they will affect how your arguments need to be written out.
Closely related to this is the concept of the Working Directory. Wherever you are in the file system is your working directory. This location determines how file paths will need to be written out which in turn affects how your command's argument is written.
For example, when I open a new terminal window on my machine I get this:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ bencain$
This tells me that I'm at the home directory of the user bencain's files. By default, it's also my current working directory.
I can type:
And this will return:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ bencain$
The command pwd for Print Working Directory tells me exactly where I am in the file system at any time.
I can also type:
The terminal will return the name of the current user, in this case bencain.
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ bencain$ whoami
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ bencain$
Directly affecting the home directory and working directory is the command, cd, for Change Directory.
In the terminal, type cd and then drag the destination folder you'd like to move to. For example:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ bencain$ cd /Users/bencain/Pictures
Hit Enter and this is what returns:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ Pictures bencain$
When you're not in the home directory, the name of the working directory will appear before the username, in this case "Pictures." Using the pwd command once more, the following would return:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ Pictures bencain$
This shows me that my current working directory is bencain/Pictures. The cd command also functions as a shortcut and typing it wherever you are in the file system conveniently takes you back to your home directory.
At this point it's worth nothing the difference between Absolute and Relative File Paths.
This is an absolute file path as it's the definitive path beginning at the top level, through the computer's file hierarchy to samplePhoto.jpg.
This is a relative file path because it tells you samplePhoto.jpg is three levels down but not precisely from where. If it had a starting point "/" it would be an absolute file path.
The tilda "~" signifies the home directory so wherever you are in the file system you can cd (change directories) to a folder in your home directory. For example:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ HDR_images bencain$ cd ~/Documents
hit Enter
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ Documents bencain$
Before, I was three or four levels deep in my Photos directory but because Documents is in my home directory, by typing:
cd ~/Documents
I can get into Documents without having to type cd /Users/bencain/Documents
Closely related to "~" is the use "." and ".." for navigating around the file system.
"." always indicates the current working directory whereas ".." always means one level up from from the current working directory. For example:
cd ..
This will take you one level up from where you are.
cd ../..
Two levels up.
cd ../../..
Three levels up, etc.
What we're doing here is navigating the file system without the use of a GUI which is why ls or listing is so helpful.
The Finder can take some time to display the contents of folders filled with thousands of large files. By typing:
ls -l
or simply
Drag the desired folder into the terminal, it will quickly return a nice orderly list of that folder's contents. ls -l will return a list in one vertical column with ownership, permissions, and some other info whereas ls will list out file names only such as this:
There are many other flags you can use with ls to suit your needs. Conveniently, you can call up a User Manual of sorts right in the terminal that will show you relevant command options.
The cat command, short for concatenate, followed by a path to a file will read out its contents in text form. This is the command to call up the text for the Bash Manual:
man cat
Very helpful when you're trying to figure out options for flags or combinations of them. When you're done, you can type 'q" to return to the main prompt.
By listing directories out with ls and using cd and keyboard shortcuts, you can jump around in the filesystem almost as fast as in the Finder.
A few other tips to increase your speed:
Hit tab to autocomplete something you're typing based on what files exist in the system. For example, if you're typing the name of one of your files, "sampleFile.txt," you could type "samp" and hit tab to autocomplete the entry.
Hitting up and down arrows at the prompt will cycle through your previous entries. If you have redundant commands to enter, there's no need to retype, simply press up until it returns to the prompt and then hit enter. If you've changed directories since the last time you issued the command there could be problems if a relative path was used or there was an assumed path from the working directory. You might perform a command on an unintended folder.
To edit a command, you can navigate the cursor with the left and right arrows. An unmodified arrow will move the cursor one character at a time, while adding the option key will move the cursor to the previous or next word. Control-A will move the cursor to the beginning of the line and Control-E will move it to the end. And by Option-clicking you can move the cursor to the the location of your mouse pointer. Notice that anything you type will be inserted into the existing command, i.e., it won't type over what's already there.
Moving the cursor - a few helpful options
Control A goes to the beginning of line
Control E goes to the end of line
Option Forward Arrow goes to the next word
Option Back Arrow goes to the previous word
Option Click moves cursor to the mouse arrow
Something peripherally related to file system navigation is the simple "ping" command. This is extremely useful for testing connections between devices on your network. In the terminal type:
ping 127.0.0.1
Hit Enter
This is the Loopback address of your machine, also called localhost. It should always be available so you should get something like this:
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.121 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.184 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.110 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms
Now try:
ping 18.104.22.168
This is the address of one of Google's DNS servers. There's a good chance this server is running, so it's a quick way to see if you have a valid connection to the internet. The output might look like this:
64 bytes from 22.214.171.124: icmp_seq=0 ttl=55 time=19.402 ms
64 bytes from 184.108.40.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=19.951 ms
64 bytes from 18.104.22.168: icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=16.319 ms
64 bytes from 188.8.131.52: icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=27.158 ms
64 bytes from 126.96.36.199: icmp_seq=4 ttl=55 time=11.032 ms
When we see output like this, we know we have a valid network connection. You might notice the times, for example, 27.158 ms, are much longer than from localhost the ping is being answered from the outside internet.
If what returns is this:
Request timeout for icmp_seq 0
Request timeout for icmp_seq 1
Request timeout for icmp_seq 2
Request timeout for icmp_seq 3
Request timeout for icmp_seq 4
Request timeout for icmp_seq 5
Then there's no network connection between your machine and whatever IP address you pinged.
With ping and all other terminal commands, hit Control C at any time to pull the plug on what's running. Pinging is by far the easiest and handiest command for network troubleshooting and should be one of the first steps.
One last tip for this section, when the window gets too cluttered with text, you can always type clear at the prompt to push it away and give you a fresh place to start over.
3. Moving Data
And now to the meat of the article.
This will actually move a lot faster now that the basics have been established. First, why would you move files around with the terminal when it can be accomplished so easily and graphically in the Finder? For most tasks, the Finder suffices but once you get into moving around thousands of files, or hundreds of thousands of files, its limitations become readily apparent.
The problem is when the Finder copies files, it first catalogs them and prepares their graphical representation. This can slow down the CPU causing the OS to limp along on basic tasks such as populating a folder with its content. Finder also treats a copy as one operation even if it's actually thousands of files. If the Finder barfs on it, not only will the operation freeze and nothing more will be copied but every file before the error could be compromised.
For my own purposes, I find the terminal most useful for filling in the gaps of the Finder's limitations — tasks like getting folder and file sizes for massive items, copying/moving/deleting file sets of more than 5000, listing out the contents of directories that Finder takes too long to populate among many other things.
The first handy command is just to determine how much data there is on a volume or in a directory.
du -sh followed by the path to the volume (remember you can just drag the folder icon into the terminal.)
du is "disk usage" and will show the size of a file or folder in blocksize. It can be combined with a great number of different flags such as -a, -k but when used with -sh, the command returns the size of the directory in one nice tidy line in a "human readable" format, in this case is Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, or Terabytes. Run du on Source and Destination folders after copying for a quick, down and dirty File Size Comparison Checksum.
The command for copy is very simple:
When copying files using the Terminal, this is the order of the Source and Destination within the argument.
command (flag) /file/path/to/Source /file/path/to/Destination
For the first and most basic example, let's say I want to copy a file called Good_Photo.jpg from Pictures to a folder on my Desktop called Best_Work but first I need to make that folder with the mkdir command.
I'm going to change directory to my Desktop and then make the new directory. Looks like this:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ bencain$ cd ~/Desktop
I'll now make a new directory with mkdir
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:Desktop bencain$ mkdir Best_Work
Now I'm going to run my copy cp command:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ bencain$ cp /Users/bencain/Pictures/Good_Photo.jpg /Users/bencain/Desktop/Best_Work
Or if I had done navigated into Pictures with cd it would look like this because I don't need to type the source file path to my current working directory:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ Photographs bencain$ cp Good_Photo.jpg /Users/bencain/Desktop/Best_Work
After running this command, the file Good_Photo.jpg now exists in two directories — Pictures and Best_Work.
In another scenario, I have a file called Bad_Photo.jpg that I want to move to a folder on my Desktop called Delete_Later.
The command for move, works just like dragging a file from one Finder window to another. It is:
To move my file, this is how I would write out the command:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ bencain$ mv /Users/bencain/Pictures/Bad_Photo.jpg /Users/bencain/Desktop/Delete_Later
After running it, the file Bad_Photo.jpg now only exists in the directory Delete_Later.
Here are a few flags to make the mv command much safer:
-i prompt for user interaction if a file is going to be overwritten
-n don't overwrite files
-v verbose, show each file as it's copied or moved
While you can easily just drag all this stuff into the trash, there is a command to delete it.
Short for remove, this command deletes files and should be used with the utmost care especially with flags such as recursive, signified with:
This flag means apply the command to everything in the directory including subdirectories and their contents. There's a little gotcha here to be aware of.
sudo rm -r or rm -rf
sudo means super user do which signifies commands in the root level of the file system. We'll get more into this in the next tutorial but sudo commands can be incredibly powerful and inadvertently destructive. For example, sudo rm -r used in a relative file path can wipe your entire hard. Just to reiterate, data deleted in the terminal doesn't go to the trash, it is gone forever. Make sure you're on an absolute file path before deleting any files using a terminal command! The force flag (-f) can also be used with rm -rf (with or without sudo) to force the file system to delete whatever files are in the argument.
The key to copying, moving or deleting lots of data is this -r flag, which is once again short for recursive, meaning everything in the directory. By using this along with bracket sets {..} and chaining commands with &&, mountains of data can be efficiently dealt with in the terminal.
To assist in accomplishing these tasks, there's a phenomenal freeware called Sublime Text. "Find All" and "Replace All" can ease the pain of a complex command line based workflow by isolating and modifying the same object across multiple commands. I highly recommend writing your commands in something like Sublime also because of the Quotation Mark Problem. In terminal we want to use straight quotes ( " " ) not curly quotes ( " " ). By default, TextEdit enables smart quotes that will automatically turn straight quotes into curly ones. It's common to see curly quotes in online examples for terminal. Be on the lookout! They won't work when you try and run the command. Sublime only uses straight quotes. Sublime is your friend.
In the example above I'm copying 5000 files at a time from my working directory to a folder on a network drive. Terminal has one limitation in that it can only work with 5000 files at a time but this can be easily circumvented by chaining multiple commands using &&, which specifies that if the first command returns successful, the next will proceed.
Here's another similar case. I want to copy frames 20,000-40,000 OpenEXR files (sample_project_20000.exr to sample_project_40000.exr) from my system drive to a directory called Transfer on an external drive called Backup. At 33MB per file. the Finder would struggle with this copy so setting it up in the terminal is a better option.
First cd to the directory where the files live.
Step 1, change to the directory you'd like to copy files from:
Mac-Workstation:~ bencain$ cd ~/Media/OpenEXR/Sample_Project
Step 2, set up the first command which utilizes cp -r to copy all the files within the range specified by the brackets (note there are two dots between the numbers, this is the required syntax):
Mac-Workstation:~ Sample_Project bencain$ cp -r sample_project_{20000..25000}.exr /Volumes/Backup/Transfer/ &&
Step 2, && allows you to chain the rest of commands together:
cp -r sample_project_{25000..29999}.exr /Volumes/Backup/Transfer/ &&
cp -r sample_project_{30000..34999}.exr /Volumes/Backup/Transfer/ &&
cp -r sample_project_{35000..39999}.exr /Volumes/Backup/Transfer/
That's all there is to it. While the transfer is in progress, typing in the terminal window will be unavailable. You'll know the operation is complete when the prompt is solid and you can begin typing again. One thing to be mindful about bracket sets is the syntax is very specific and easy to screw up. For example, there can only be two dots between numbers in the range, no more no less. {25000..29999} will work but {25000...29999} will not.
When you're done you can run a du on both Source and Destination directories and compare the bytes as a quick check sum.
One step beyond all this is the command rsync, short for remote sync, which is so useful but with all of its options, that it's worthy of its own post.
rsync -r source directory/ destination directory
For example:
Bennetts-MacBook-Air:~ bencain$ rsync -r /Users/bencain/Desktop/ProjectFiles/ /Users/bencain/Desktop/BackUp
This command will copy the contents of the source directory, ProjectFiles, into the destination directory, BackUp. While similar to cp, the main difference is rsync's vesatility with more options for flag combinations. There's even Time Machine like functionality for rsync with -a, for archive, that can be written into a re-useable script. This sort of functionality can be very useful to the Data Mover looking to synchronize the content of multiple drives that will be constantly amended. More on all this next time!
4. Summary
From the material covered in this first article, these are the key items:
pwd Returns Current Working Directory
whoami Returns Current User
cd Change Directory
~/ Relative File Path
ls List
ls -l List in Long Format (Vertical Column)
mkdir Make Directory
du -sh Disk Usage Human Readable
tab Auto Complete
ping Test Network Connection
clear Clear the Terminal Widow
cp Copy
cp -r Copy Recursively
{..} Bracket to Apply a Command to a Range of Files
mv Move
sudo rm -r Safely Delete all the Contents of the Directory (Password Prompt)
rm -rf a Delete Command that does not use sudo. Recursively and Forciby Removes all Contents of the Directory.
-v Verbose, view the progress of the command
cat Concatenate (Read Out the Contents of a File)
man cat Open the Manual to get Relevant Command options ("q" to leave it)
Control C Cancel Process
&& Add another Command to the Queue
Up and Down arrow keys Scroll through Previous Entries
Left and Right arrow keys Scroll Left and Right through the Command
drag icon into terminal Way Faster than Typing
copy and paste into terminal Way Faster than Typing
# Comments
Get Sublime!
This is just a drop in the bucket. Like any other language, the more you practice, the greater your degree of fluency. Commands can be written to accomplish virtually any task within the filesystem.
5. Conclusion
That's it for this one. Next time we'll dig deeper into sudo commands, filtering with grep, using Pipes "|", more on rsync, wildcards "*" and some other advanced commands. Filtering and automation is where the real power of these commands lie, allowing you to get very specific and potentially save a lot of time. For now the best way to learn is just play around with, trying different flags and arguments — just not on any critical data! I recommend setting up a few test directories on the Desktop for learning.
It's tempting to try and reinvent the wheel in terminal just because you can. Basic utilities like Automator can do a lot of the stuff you may want to accomplish, such as Batch Renaming but in a far easier and more intuitive way. Bash and Automator used together can be a particularly powerful combination. Additionally while you could write a custom command for running md5 hastags and other checksum operations, there are many inexpensive softwares available that do it faster and easier than whatever you may come up with. It's a fun challenge to try and figure some of this stuff out but at the end of the day, a much easier way might already exist.
Many thanks to Edward Richardson for helping make this article happen.
Please touch base with any feedback on this series.


text:
New L.A. Fire Station makes sparks along Hollywood Boulevard
The new Regional Fire Station No. 82 in Los Angeles was designed by RRM Design Group to complement the eclectic blend of architecture found along Hollywood Boulevard. The three-story, 32,000-sf station contains three heavy-apparatus bays, three paramedic bays, administrative offices, living quarters, and underground parking. A vegetated roofing system captures and treats on-site rainwater before it flows into the storm drainage system. The Building Team also includes Cornerstone Structural Engineering; Brummel, Myrick and Associates (mechanical); Thoma Electric (electrical); KOA Corp. (civil engineering); and Morillo Construction.
Senior memory care center opens its doors to Wisconsin communities
After eight months of construction, the new 29,500-sf Waterford (Wis.) Memory Care facility opened its doors to surrounding communities in July. Planned, designed, and built by PDC Midwest, the 31-bed center is situated adjacent to the existing Waterford Senior Living facility. An open dining room and activity spaces take advantage of natural daylight from large skylights. The center also features a large parlor with a stone fireplace, hair salon, and spa. A secured outdoor space allows residents to enjoy the natural beauty of the property.
Expansion adds 760,000-sf facility to children's of Alabama hospital
The Benjamin Russell Hospital for Children is a 12-story, 760,000-sf, $400 million expansion at Children's of Alabama, the state's only freestanding pediatric hospital. Located one block north of the existing facility, the new hospital increases Children's licensed beds from 275 to 332, with an additional 48 bassinets for neonatal intensive care. KLMK Group served as project manager. Other Building Team members included partnerships between HKS Inc. and Giattina Aycock Studio (architect) and Hoar Construction and KBR (construction manager).
New location in Lower Manhattan earns LEED Gold for Arup's office
After relocating to a larger space in January 2012, the New York City office of engineering and consulting firm Arup received LEED Gold certification in October. The 100,000-sf space in Lower Manhattan consists of four floors connected by an internal stairway. Extensive use of LED lighting and daylighting cuts energy consumption, and low-flow toilets contribute to the office's water efficiency. The project also received points for responsible materials procurement, such as a timber wall in the reception area that was repurposed from the Coney Island boardwalk.


text:
Service Bus Queue Basics (Java)
Azure Service Bus basic scenario sample.
- Create namespace with a queue.
- Add another queue in same namespace.
- Update Queue.
- Update namespace
- List namespaces
- List queues
- Get default authorization rule.
- Regenerate the keys in the authorization rule.
- Get the keys from authorization rule to connect to queue.
- Send a "Hello" message to queue using Data plan sdk for Service Bus.
- Delete queue
- Delete namespace
Running this Sample
To run this sample:
Set the environment variable
AZURE_AUTH_LOCATION with the full path for an auth file. See how to create an auth file.
git clone https://github.com/Azure-Samples/service-bus-java-manage-queue-with-basic-features.git
cd service-bus-java-manage-queue-with-basic-features
mvn clean compile exec:java
More information
If you don't have a Microsoft Azure subscription you can get a FREE trial account here.
This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact email@example.com with any additional questions or comments.


text:
Standing at the corner of Mission Road and 30th Avenue S.W., Leah Hamilton and Shawn Deegan can see their 95-year-old Craftsman home. There's just no way they can get to it.
Residents, merchants face long recovery in devastated Mission area
Standing at the corner of Mission Road and 30th Avenue S.W., Leah Hamilton and Shawn Deegan can see their 95-year-old Craftsman home.
There's just no way they can get to it.
Like others in the inner city communities lining the swollen Elbow River, the couple and their two kids were forced out of their Rideau Park home with just cellphones and a few bags when the streets were still dry on Thursday.
By 5 a.m. Friday morning when they returned for a look, the roads were awash with roiling river water.
"You can't fathom this amount of water until you actually see it with your own eyes," said Deegan.
"The reality doesn't sink in until you see a fire rescue boat on your road. In front of your house."
Many homes in Roxboro, Rideau Park, Erlton and other nearby communities were swallowed up in waist high water Friday after the Elbow surged over its banks.
The high water covered trees up to their branches and engulfed cars.
Many roads in the trendy Mission district were cordoned off by authorities. Bakeries, upscale restaurants and favourite pubs were all shut down by the heaving water, with many suffering damage.
Yann Blanchard of Yann Haute Patisserie was setting up a generator to keep powering his bakery and home. There's no point in setting up a sump pump, he said, as there's nowhere for the water to go.
Behind the familiar bright yellow house, in the alley, brown water gurgled up from a drain, creating a large puddle and setting garbage afloat.
"I just hope the water doesn't keep coming up," Blanchard said.
Across the alley, Vin Room owner Phoebe Fung came to check on the damage after shutting down the restaurant Thursday afternoon. She found water had already settled into the basement as more poured in through the walls and from behind an electrical panel.
With power to Mission cut off, restaurants will likely lose their perishables, Fung said.
"It's only money and effort," she said."Everything can be rebuilt. The important thing is everyone is safe."
On the other side of the river, Joe McFarland returned to his Roxboro home to find water up to his belly flooding the backyard.
Wading through submerged alleyways to get to his place, McFarland grabbed a few pictures and warm sweaters for his family and stuffed them in a duffel bag.
Only the tip of an outdoor patio set at Mcfarland's rose above the water line. Inside, water nearly topped the nine-foot-tall ceiling in his basement and spilled into the TV room, setting adrift a couch and toys.
An upbeat McFarland said he's hopeful the water won't hit his main floor — and is happy his family is safe.
"Everything else you can rebuild or buy."
Calgary Fire Department water rescue crews spent the morning in surrounding communities rescuing residents who hadn't gotten out the night before.
"It's a river, it's a raging river," said Erlton resident Tobi Jurchuk, after the speed boat brought her and her partner to dry ground from her condo. Like others in the community who weren't hit by the big floods of 2005, she and her partner Bob Fernuk figured they would be OK this time around.
"We couldn't have imagined the water rising like this," she said. Cars were flipped around and set adrift. The couple's motorcycles floated down the street.
"We thought it would be fine. We thought it (the evacuation) was just for the people along the river."
Denise Dixey and her husband grilled breakfast sandwiches and brewed fresh coffee on their barbecue before help arrived.
"He (the firefighter) just yelled, 'We gotta go now. Pack a bag.'"
The couple had fled their Erlton in 2005, but that time it was left untouched. Today, they left by rescue boat.
"I can't believe they called the 2005 one the one-in-100 years," Dixey said, noting she heard from friends as far away as Mexico concerned for their welfare.
"They missed it. This is it."
Macleod Trail at 25th Avenue disappeared Friday under the fast flow streaming east into Stampede Park.
"I'm just really stressed," an emotional Lana Taylor, 19, said, after she was brought to dry land by the rescue team.
"I just wasn't expecting what happened," she said.
"You could hear the water gushing from the second floor."
As rain began anew Friday morning, many residents on the south side of the Elbow River came outside to watch, and wait.
Jodi Yaworski wiped tears from her eyes as she stood in a treed area overlooking her parent's Roxboro home, sodden by several feet of water. Three friends wearing life-jackets swam to the house to rescue some belongings — including her cat, Nermal.
"I'm a little stressed out, panicking a bit," she said, as the three men waded back.
On shore, they handed her a backpack. Inside, Nermal, who had been hiding under a bed, poked his head out, and meowed.
In Mount Royal, onlookers gathered to survey the damage from a hill overlooking Elbow Drive and the river. The area below was covered in brown water, affecting a number of homes.
In Mission, water appeared deepest at the intersection of 25th Avenue and 5th Street SW, leaving the area impassable even before the Elbow River breached its banks overnight. By Friday afternoon it was spilling water through the windows into Norma Blair's home on the corner.
Out front, her children and grandchildren gathered to help how they could, as did a good Samaritan who lives nearby.
"He just came and helped us and I think that's amazing," Blair said.
Darrell MacRae, who lives up the hill from Mission, came down to check out the flooding, finding a city generator swamped by waters and more water pouring into the basement of Blair's home.
He used a truck to pull the generator out and then, using plywood and plastic, screwed a barricade into place over the windows to keep water from dumping into the house.
By early afternoon, he had set up a pump to get water out of the basement, but it was flowing in at roughly the same rate.
"We're at net zero," he said. "We're not winning or losing."
Joe Levesque, who has lived in Calgary since 1956, said he's never seen anything like the devastation seeping throughout his Roxboro neighbourhood.
"It's overwhelming," said Levesque, who returned with his family to fetch two coolers of food and more clothes from his home.
"This is by far way more than anything I've ever seen."
Hamilton and Deegan know there's still a lot of work ahead.
"This is just the beginning," Hamilton said.
"This morning I was pretty devastated, then you start to realize it's just stuff," she said.


text:
Zeeek Run v1.0.2 Apk | 102 MB | Mediafire
Requires Android:2.3 and Up
Game review:
Silencio and his hordes of Sighs Silences and decided to cut the music and sounds to none.
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Discover this brand new exclusive runner musical pace resulting in the colors go wild and enjoy your journey through the different world!
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Who will be the best rocker in the world?
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"Zeeek is a fun, fast-paced runner game with a lot to offer in terms of addictive gameplay. It's shine !"
High definition graphics
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4 worlds to discover
Cloud Save (Sync save between your smartphone and tablet !)
Incredible music!
An expert mode for the more adventurous!
Click Here to Download via Mediafire
Click here to Download via Multiple Mirrors


text:
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Joined: 29 Oct 2008
Posts: 1
Location: Fargo, ND
Posted: Wed Oct 29, 2008 12:21 pm
Post subject:
Hi I am new to this Forum but I guess I am the second 19 year old Bart here lol. This is my workbench. The quality isnt very good since I dont have a digital camera and had to use my phone.
My DIY soldering stand made from 96mm fan, alligator clips, and a hanger
* Lighting
Two Florescent lights on the ceiling plus a lamp for extra lighting.
* Electrical Outlets (can never have enough)
There is a power strip on the wall plus 3 more outlets under the bench.
* Test Equipment
I have one DMM. There is also a 12v battery under the bench connected to the posts on the top used for testing 12v things.
* Storage
2 storage containers with little drawers for holding small parts is on top on the bench. There is also a cabinet underneath for storing bigger things and another one on the side for more room. There is also cardboards boxes scattered around the room full of parts from parted out devices and what not.
* Bench Surface
The bench frame was built out of 2x4s with 2x8s on the sides. The top material is the back of a piece of slat board from an old cell phone store which is surprisingly strong and easy to clean.
Back to top
Joined: 29 Oct 2008
Posts: 1
Posted: Wed Oct 29, 2008 4:31 pm
Post subject: My work bench
Over all the bench is great, easy to assemble, lots of storage, and very customizable.
it comes with a 5ft florescent bulb light fixture which is perfectly placed, also comes with a power strip with a power switch.
the top is a thick durable material that is like very compressed cardboard.
the rest of the bench is metal.
The drawers slid incredibly smooth and quiet even when they are fully loaded and heavy.
it is not in the picture but i added a small vice to the top which helps alot.
All in all I would give it a 9/10 , basically the bench top is not indestructible which would be best.
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Joined: 29 Oct 2008
Posts: 1
Posted: Wed Oct 29, 2008 8:17 pm
Post subject:
Well after more than a month of procrastination I finally got around to posting pics of my workbench.
As you can see its more of a crowded storage area than just a workbench.
Some of the features are the old Commodore 64 monitor for watching tv shows or what have you while working away. I also have an abundance of misc. computer parts and old consumer electronics. And I am sure everyone has noticed the halo 3 paper craft helmet(all you need is a printer) However the true heart of my work area is the solid steel desk I use as a workbench. It's five feet by three feet and could probably support a fully grown elephant. I don't know much about the desk other than It has a tag that says
The Steel Equipment CO Limited
Pembroke. CANADA
(any history here would be greatly appreciated)
well thats my workbench, hope you like it.
If at first you don't succeed try again, if you don't succeed a second time, give up, no use being a darn fool about it.
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Joined: 29 Oct 2008
Posts: 1
Posted: Wed Oct 29, 2008 8:32 pm
Post subject:
Contest Entry #30
Okay, so first time poster, long time reader. Enough of the formalities
Here is my bench. There is no prep here, I just opened the door and started shooting. My bench is pretty messy, but I tend to do a lot of work on there. A messy bench is a used bench
I live in rented accommodation, so all my stuff is designed to be fairly easy to remove. Most of the benches are just wood screwed to a base, or in some cases repurposed furniture. The shop is full of hacked up tools, and converted hardware.
Higher Res
As we walk in the door.
Higher Res
1) Pillar Drill
2) Proxxon Micro CNC milling machine. This was modified from the old stock machine to run with some large stepper motors and
CNC machine controller software.
3) Robot Arm. rescued from the trash in many small pieces. Retrofitted with new everything.
4) Breville hotplate toaster. Used to reflowing PCBs
5) CNC mill monitor.
6) General purpose workbench PC. Runs Cad software schematic design etc.
7) Milling machine PC running EMC2
Laptop for the Digital Storage Oscilloscope (see A)
9) General purpose expendable machine. I work with a lot of homebrew USB hardware
A) Hantek Digital Storage Oscilloscope x 2
The bench itself is part of a folding sofa bed. The sofa is long gone, but the wood itself was reused for a large workbench. It is currently sitting atop of 2 small metal racks. We have lots of power behind there with 2x 6 way gangs.
The little trolley holding the laptops rolls away underneath when I need more space.
The Pillar drill is bolted on top of an old coffee table, which is bolted to the floor.
Higher Res
Main "sitting down" workbench.
1) dual displays. mmm. Plugs into the Cad/Eagle box.
2) The desk is just a large piece of MDF screwed to an old computer desk. Oh and a vice is handy.
3) Servos retrofitted with
OpenServo motor controllers
Plans and code available.
4) Usb to I2C converter. I am currently hacking a Lego NXT ultrasonic sensor to work with AVR. Plans and code for the converter available at
5) Current work in progress. Robot arm controllers. Each one is a CPU and H-Bridge to drive the heavy duty motors on the robot arm.
6) Soldering/Relow station. Amazing bit of kit. Highly recommended!
7) Area for general crap that tends to accumulate
A) The scope again. Not too bad for the price (i.e cheap)
Higher Res
Tools and stuff.
1) An OHP with an LCD screen attached. This is a hacked up projector for showing schematics/etc. I generally point and focus this on the desk so I can see in scale what I am doing. Like a poor mans Heads Up Display
2) A TV stand that I rescued from a skip. nice!
Generally we have power supplies, tools and components. All the stuff I need regularly is on this stack. There is another larger toolbox on the floor.
Higher Res
Bench behind the TV stand.
1) It used to be a scanner, but now it is a UV exposure unit. Works well and was a nice hack too.
2) This workbench was an old IKEA shelving unit. the benchtop is actually one side of the unit, and the other side is used for legs.
3) Spares, scrap material and cables.
4) A massive wooden CNC machine, now retired, used for milling the robot arm
Higher Res
more racking and amazing comms!
This racking holds components, components and well, you can guess the rest.
The amazing comms area is a Neatgear NSLU2 network server with a couple of terrabyte harddisks in there. Broadband, wifi and workshop vlans come from here. Also is the DVR for the video camera system and some switchgear.
There is my workshop. Not the best, but more than suitable for what I do.
As for lighting. I use large swing-arm lamps (the ones with magnifiers) I normally have a couple running at a time.
BTW you guys have some great benches! Good luck all!
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Joined: 28 Oct 2008
Posts: 1
Posted: Thu Oct 30, 2008 5:22 am
Post subject: Hacked Gadgets Workbench contest
Contest Entry #31
Electronics Workbench Contest
I am a teacher who works in a trade school for adults in Anjou (in Montreal). I teach CNC machinists (see photo)
Among other projects, I have designed and made an 8 in. Dobsonian telescope from scrap aluminum (see photo)
and now I am getting into robotics. Because I teach CNC machining, I can make parts for my robots on our 12 CNC machines at the school using MasterCAM (see photos)
With my students I do a project making a chess set.
I am 57 years old and I love my job as a teacher.
Here I am showing my first robot to a group of 6th graders.
Everyone of us who has started out learning a new hobby has done the same thing : first of all, we end up working on the corner of the kitchen table until our spouse tells us to get ready for supper and we waste more time at each session looking for tools and such than we actually spend doing anything useful. Then, when we are finished, we have to take even more time to put everything back. Therefore, the time we actually spend on our hobby is greatly reduced. When you sit down to work at a proper workbench, your time can be more productive.
I am not likely to win the Best Workbench Contest because some the entries have great equipment that I cant afford, so I would like to use my entry to make a few points :
a) Small : A workbench does not have to take up a lot of room - you can install one in a corner of a bedroom - the one I have made measures 16 in. (D) x 43 in. (H) x 53 (W-including the shelves on either side).
b) Not expensive : It also can be very inexpensive - the one I made cost me a few bucks for screws. The wood and everything else was all recycled stuff. Scrounge, Scrounge, Scrounge / Recycle, Recycle, Recycle
c) Alzheimers : Apparently the best defence against Alzheimers is to keep your mind active. So our hobby is very good for that as we are constantly learn other things about electronics, etc. Another good defence is learning another language or other activities that keep the brain active (being a couch potato is not going to hack it, guys!)
So heres my entry : NOTE : Refer to the numbers on the photo.
The actual workbench frame is made from an old computer desktop I found in the trash.
Just before submitting this entry, I bought some 2nd-hand lab equipment (#'s 01 and 02):
- (01) oscilloscope (on a shelf made of an old stand for a tractor feed printer). Great for tracing electronic signals. The tool par excellence for electronics. One suggestion for getting an oscilloscope or other equipment check to see if there is a Freecycle site in your city (I got the impression that there is one in every major city in North America at any rate there is one in Montreal). Freecycle is a sort of club (the Montreal one was on Yahoo) where everything is given or offered for free. . And ASK for one. It worked for me. I never thought anyone would give away one but a really nice lady gave me a single trace oscilloscope (not the one you see in the photo). After using it for a while and realising it is a top class tool for electronics, I looked around for a slightly more modern dual trace one. My conscience would not allow me to sell the first one (I got it for free), so I gave it to one of my friends.
- (02) Function Generator (good for injecting test signals).
- (03) Stereo amp (on shelf up near the ceiling) & headphones (for music while you work)
- (04) experimenter's board
- (05) various multimeters. A multimeter does not have to be expensive - I bought one at Canadian Tire for $29.99 and it included (besides the normal AC and DC voltage, resistance and amperage measurements) a frequency counter, a square wave test signal output and a capacitance measuring function.
- (06) an old Black & Decker cordless screwdriver with a cord to replace the non-functioning batteries - no batteries to recharge or wear out and lots of torque (powered @ 5v from the PC power supply - see #19, below). I dont need batteries Im using it at my workbench after all!
- (07) Flood light (I prefer incandescent lighting instead of fluorescent).
- (0
Safety Glasses (I tell my students : 'Just because you have two eyes, it doesn't mean you have one to spare!')
- (09) I recycled my old Panasonic laptop for use on my workbench
- List of useful software :
- Waveform generator output by headphone socket
(pros : cheap (free!), cons : limited in bandwidth to audio frequencies)
) or
- Calculator for resistors for LED's (see appendix for Internet resources)
- Ohm's Law (use Excel or the equivalent from Open Office)
- Music .mp3 (play the .MP3 output from your computer through your stereo - #3, above)
- (10) - separate electrical box with a separate switch for the soldering iron
- (11) - soldering iron station (I need to get one that has a variable temperature controller)
- (12) - "spare hand"
- (13) - output sockets for 5V and 12v from converted PC power supply (see #19, below)
- (14) - power bar (you never have enough power bars!)
- (15) - PCB holder made from an old printer tractor feed mechanism - recognise the parts ? (can open to about 8 inches and can flip over PCB and lock in any position - see separate photo)
- (16) - current robot project all ready to be wired up (my 2nd robot - see photo).
I am experimenting with infrared detectors (3 in front and 1 in back for obstacle avoidance and 1 in each corner pointing down for edge-of-table detection). I use the Picaxe microcontrollers (the 28X) (see reference at the end). I am also have made the design for a 6 wheeled robot
. My first robot :
- (17) Dremel tool.
- (1
- shelf slides made from old plastic suspended ceiling angle and 1/4 in. hardboard
- (19) - a power supply made from a PC power supply - I literally hacked the case down in size to the minimum possible - just enough to hold the electronics (look for how to use a PC power supply on the Internet - see references at the end).
- (20) - the workbench is mounted on castors from an old office chair (so I can move the workbench around)
- (21) - Magnifiers : (1) head mounted loupe (not shown), (2) hand rectangular magnifier, (3) #3 eyeglasses (not shown). See also photo of stereo microscope.
- (22) - wiring for projects
- (23) - Main switch, so you can turn everything off in one shot (don't want to leave that soldering iron on , do you?)
Tools for Electronics Workbench:
- It isnt worth scrimping here youre better to buy a good quality tool than have to re-buy a new one after it breaks in your hand. Pliers, screwdrivers, misc. hand tools, tools for de-soldering, mats and bracelets for eliminating static charge when working on electronics parts that are sensitive to static. etc
Microscope Photo:
- (01) - stereo microscope for inspection (with X-Y slide). I designed the X-Y stage with a ¼-20 threaded rod (i.e. with a pitch of .050 in.) and graduated the dials with 50 divisions so that I can use the microscope for measuring. There is little or no play in the X-Y stage because the nut that moves it back and forth is made out of nylon. I would also eventually like to use the microscope for perhaps soldering small SMD chips. I also designed and made a digital camera adapter so I can take pictures through the microscope (not shown see photo of tiny screw)
- (02) - digital calipers - very very useful for measuring
Also great to have around :
- a digital camera - great for taking pictures of what it looked like BEFORE you took it apart! I also use it when working on my car. Also great for taking a photo of something you need and then going to the store and you then show the salesperson a photo of what you need instead of trying to describe it.
- old office chair with castors so you can be comfortable while you work
- resistor chart
- better laptop : with access to internet for searching for info
- favourite sites (see Annexe -A-), favourite magazines etc.
Photo of shelves:
- Shelves for parts - made of 1/2 in. particle board that the school was throwing out with 1/2 in. aluminum U channel (also thrown out) screwed into both sides so I can adjust the distances between each shelf. The containers are from the Dollar store (3 for a buck) but I always ask my wife for the transparent potato salad containers (about 4 x 4 x 4). Other storage needed : for binders, magazines, internet research (make a filing system so you can find everything)
Other parts of my Workshop:
- Emco F1. This is a miniature CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine (X travel 8 in, Y travel 4 in., Z travel 8in.). I eventually want to machine PCBs with it [see separate photo: ]
- Drill press (with shelves and tooling);
To make the drill press easier to use: First make sure the table of the drill press is square to the spindle by putting a cylindrical metal rod (say, 3/8 in. in dia.) in the drill chuck and then use a try square and adjust the angle of the table until its square with the rod. Then, drill and ream a small hole (say, ¼ in.) underneath the table, through the flange supporting the table and into the body of the drill press. Then, any time you use the drill press to drill holes at any other angle than perpendicular, all you have to do is insert the dowel pin in the hole you drilled and reamed and the table will be square again. [see separate photo: ]. See Annexe B- for suggestions that I sent to Nuts and Volts magazine regarding tapping threads (hope this will be useful to someone).
Annexe -A- (Internet resources)
Free or shareware CAD (great for drawing sketches or even doing life-size printouts for transferring lettering to fronts of projects)
- I use Eagle for my PCB designing
- DeltaCAD - one of the only two shareware programs I have ever bought, I use it all the time
Picaxe microprocessors: Great microprocessors for both the beginner and even the more advanced. Free programming interface (in BASIC), about $10 for the 28X, $20 for the board (no programmer to buy), great support and excellent users forum.
U.S. Picaxe dealer:
Click on : 'View all pricing in Canadian Currency' if you want Canadian pricing. They have a Picaxe dealer in Alberta for Canadians.
Making a power supply from a PC power supply (there are lots of references on the Internet - here's one from Instructables:
(online calculator for resistors for LED's)
(favourite internet sites)
(Scrounging parts)
(Magazines on Robotics)
(Servo Magazine - my all-time favourite magazine about robots). You can buy a CDROM with a whole year on it.
(another great magazine on robots and electronics)
(Taking things apart)
(taking apart laptops)
(taking apart Toshiba laptops)
(Electronics (General))
Annexe -B- (Suggestions sent to Nuts and Volts magazine regarding tapping (threading) holes in metal that they published in their letters from readers)
Great magazine guys. I am going to get into robotics and your magazine is fantastic!
I have some suggestions regarding the reader (Mike Montgomery) who wondered how he could remove a broken tap.
All of the 10 suggestions you gave were very good. Maybe I could add some more. I teach adults in a trade school in Anjou, Quebec (in Montreal) sometimes in the machinist course but mostly the CNC course.
Additional suggestions (to continue your list):
11) Buy and use only machine taps (not hand taps). These are sometimes named gun taps or spiral point taps. The advantage of these is that you do not have to keep backing out the tap - just keep on going (just be careful when you get to the bottom of the hole). They don't cost much more than the hand taps and are much easier to use (for example, at KBC Tools a 3/8-16 manual tap sells for $3.60 CAN and a spiral point tap sells for $4.88 CAN).
12) Make yourself an alignment block. This can be any small piece of scrap steel (say, 3/4 in. by 1 in. by 1/2 in thick) in which you drill a series of holes that are simply slide-fit holes for all the taps you will be using (say #4 up to 3/8 in.). As an example, you could drill a 1/4 in. hole for a 1/4 in. tap, etc. Ideally, you should drill these holes on a drill press (verify that the head of the drill press is reasonably square with the table). Then, when you wish to tap a hole in a part (after you have drilled the proper sized hole example a #7 drill for a 1/4-20 tap), just position your new alignment block over the hole to be tapped, hold it down with one hand, insert the tap in the appropriate hole and tap away. The alignment block will keep the tap at right angles to the surface being tapped (so it starts square). This works even when tapping in awkward positions like vertical or overhead. Of course, the tap-drill has to be drilled square to the surface for this to work. I made one of these alignment blocks about 20 years ago and I still have it and use it in my basement workshop.
13) Buy yourself a ratchet-action T-handle. I bought 2 sizes, a small and a big one for about $20 each. After you have used one of these, you won't want to go back to thee old T-handle!
14) To know the right size of drill for each tap, get a Tap-drill chart (usually free). I even typed the info that is contained on a tap-drill chart into my Zire Palm, I always have the info at hand. I also compiled and entered into my Zire Palm charts for the sizes of various hardware (such as Socket-head cap screws, etc) and various handy formulas for calculating threads (if someone wants the tables for their Zire, I can send them).
15) There was an article in the Oct/Nov ,2002 issue of Machinists Workshop on how to make your own simple home-made EDM machine of the plunging type. When asking for a reprint
, make sure you ask for the update information in the December 2002/January 2003 issue of the same magazine (its a magazine that comes out once every 2 months) for some very important updates on safety and modifications to the original article (pages 3 and 35). Just keep it away from children. (By the way, I find their site a bit hard to navigate).
16) For lubricant, try and buy some tapping oil, sometimes you can get some for free at machine-tool shows and the like. Sometimes the places that sell tools will give you a small free sample bottle. A small bottle can last a long time, especially if you only tap once and a while. For aluminum, I usually dilute the tapping oil with Varsol. In reality, any lubricant would be better than tapping completely dry if you have to and youre desperate, use old motor oil.
17) Recycle! The next time you throw out a toothbrush, keep it to clean the threads of the tap.
Sometimes you can break a tap because the chips are not cleared out.
Use small transparent cases for each tap size containing the tap drill, the clearance drill and the tap so you dont have to look around each time you want to tap something.
Your readers may find some of the following formulas useful: In these formulas the following terms will be used:
Nominal Diameter (ND): this is the outside diameter of an external thread (also known as the Major Diameter),
for instance the nominal diameter of a 1/2 in. bolt is 1/2 inch (.500 in.).
Thread Pitch: (P) the distance between the crests of two consecutive threads (the distance from the crest
of one thread to the crest of the next thread), measured along the length of the thread. Most Inch
threads are written in the form of: 3/8-16 where 3/8 is the nominal diameter (outside dia.) (.375 in.),
followed by the pitch, expressed as Threads Per Inch (TPI). In this case of 3/8-16, there are 16 threads
per inch, therefore 1 inch divided by 16 threads results in a distance between 2 consecutive thread
crests of 1/16 = .0625 in. To use another example, a 3/4-10 thread has a pitch of 10 threads per inch =
1/10 = .100 in.
Minor Diameter (MD): the diameter that is at the root (bottom) of the threads.
Thread Depth (TD): the distance from the outside of a thread to the bottom of a thread (a radius
distance)(useful for machining threads on a lathe)
Pitch Diameter (PD): the diameter that lies equidistant between the Nominal Diameter and the Minor
Diameter (this is easier to show with a diagram, which I can send you if you want it ).
Note: all the following examples will use the threads of 5/16-18, for which ND = .3125 in. and the Pitch (P)
= 1/18 = .0555 in.
Formula: Thread Depth (TD): TD = .6495 * P
Example: .6495 * .0555 = .0360 in.
Note 1
.6495 is a constant)
Note 2: this value is a radius value and is useful for machining threads on a lathe
Formula: Pitch Diameter (PD): PD = ND (.6495 * P)
Example: .3125 - (.6495 * .0555) = .2764 in
Note: this value can be found in the Machineries Handbook and is the value meaured by a thread micrometer.
Formula for calculating the diameter of the tap drill (if you dont have a tap drill chart):
Example: .3125 - .0555 = .257 = drill F
Minor Diameter (MD): MD = ND (1.0825 * P)
Example: .3125 (1.0825 * .0555) = .252
Additional formulas:
Nominal Diameter (outside diameter) of numbered screws :
Example: # 10 screw
Nbr. of screw * .013 + .060 (note: both .013 and .060 are constants)
= 10 * .013 + .060 = .190
Example: # 6 screw
Nbr. of screw * .013 + .060
= 6 * .013 + .060 = .138
I hope this information is of use to somebody.
If you find this information useful and you want the same information on metric threads, just ask. Some of
the formulas are the same. Regards, Lorne Wilkins
End of Document
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Joined: 30 Oct 2008
Posts: 1
Location: tucuman - argentina
Posted: Thu Oct 30, 2008 7:59 am
Post subject:
Contest Entry #32
Well... after watching all the participants
, my workbench is a shame hehe.
Instead saying what can be found in my desk y could say what its lackig
So here is a photo.
What i like:
-PC DC Source its really useful for testing projects and its very very cheap
-Lupe with arms. Must have.
-A very powerfull and old soldering gun
-A PC in wich you can follow schematics
-Vernier Caliper
Waht i would like:
-A Oscilloscope
-A CNC PCB making machine
Well thats all.
I ve read very good ideas from all the posts.
Good luck everyone.
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Joined: 31 Oct 2008
Posts: 1
Location: San Antonio, TX
Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 7:12 am
Post subject:
Contest Entry #33
Over the years I collected some old testing gear such as protocol analyzers, logic analyzers, dmms, scopes, etc, and combined with some new stuff. Everything is operational.
-- Jorge
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Joined: 30 Oct 2008
Posts: 1
Location: Pittsburgh, PA
Posted: Fri Oct 31, 2008 7:59 am
Post subject:
Contest Entry #34
Hello everyone,
I've been meaning to do this for some time, but I've just been too busy..
Since I've seen other postings of various definitions of 'workbench' I figured I'd add to the list..
By day my 'workbench' consists of various optical tables, lasers, and fiber optic equpipment.. I'm currently working on my PhD in Electrical Engineering with a concentration in applied physics working with fabrication of waveguides using ultrafast lasers.
Here is my characterization stage used to test the devices that are created:
Another shot while in operation:
The laser used for waveguide inscription is the Coherent Mira/RegA 9000 system producing tunable 150 fs pulses with a center wavelength of 770 nm. Sample positioning is done via a 3-axis air-bearing stage:
Inscription wavelength is selectable by using a BBO crystal for frequency doubling, producing light at 485 nm (produces much better results):
In addition, I also do alot of work with optical fiber. Using the ultrafast laser, modifications within the core of the fiber are possible without damaging the outer structure of the fiber:
Argon-ion lasers are also used to heat gratings for various remote sensing applications (mostly for testing and proof of concept):
When I'm not working, my home retreat is my basement (quite possibly the best location for a workspace). Moderate temperature year-round and you usually get left alone (and the mess is 'out of sight' so the significant other doesn't get on your case too much
) Here is a shot along the main workbench just as you come down the basement steps:
The space is approximately 25 feet square (I haven't actually measured it) fairly isolated from the rest of the basement. A second bench sits along the front wall with a smaller table in the middle of the floor for larger projects:
A better view of the center table:
The octagonal chassis on the left is the remains of a project from an embedded systems class a few years back. It's now considered a 'work in progress' (like most of what you see here). I've been meaning to work on running a mini-itx board as the 'brains' in it for some time now. On the right is my 'waterfall' project consisting of 20 PIC controlled water solenoids. Completion dates are still yet to be determined..
Both benches were built entirely from reclaimed packing material that shipped with expensive equipment to the univeristy. Most of the time, this just goes straight in the dumpster (really a waste, there's usually decent quality lumber used for the crates). The main workbench is about 10' long and somewhere around 35" high (a bit higher than usual). The top surface is 3/4" plywood re-enforced and supported by 4x4's with a secondary shelf on the bottom for extra storage:
Shelves were mounted above the bench with several outlets wired into the breaker panel to provide power. All test equipment sits on these shelves to allow for more workspace on the bench surface (in reality, this makes more room to collect a mess):
Some of the test equipment you see here:
Computer: AMD Slot A processor - 700 MHz (old machine) with around 500 meg of memory. Wired into home network. Used mostly for programming and datasheets. Cad work is done on the office computer upstairs.
3 Tektronics 60MHz analog scopes. All are two channel scopes, one with digital storage (no delayed sweep) while the other two are your run-of-the-mill delayed sweep scopes.
HP 150MHz Digital scope. This is a recent addition to the collection. Complete with GPIB data acquisition backpack, cable, and PCI card.
Custom power-supply built from old (Digital VAX era) server equipment. Provides +/- 12 and +/- 5V at somewhere around 5 amps each.
8 Channel scope multiplexer. MUXes 8 channels into 1. Haven't had a need for this yet.
16 channel logic analyzer made by Agilent. I actually have 3 of these, but the two that aren't in use have a few blown channels in each pod so they're mostly for backup incase the main dies. This is the parallel port variety.
Tektronics modular equipment rack. I have several modules for this including pulse generators, DMM with temp probe, waveform generator, frequency counter, and variable power supply.
There's also a second frequency counter (stand alone) in there somewhere along with a 19" rack mount HP multi-function DMM which is unfortunately not working at the moment.
Analog decibel meter and light meter. (also tektronics)
Fist full of virtex-II and virtex-IV FPGA dev boards.
EPIC programmer along with Microchip's ICDII.
Ni-MH/NiCAD fast charger.
Magnifier lamp and regular desk lamp. A well lighted workspace is a MUST.
Several soldering irons one of which is variable temp.
Hot glue gun.
Old PC sound-system (gotta have tunes as well).
Moving on to the second bench:
My lathe is on the left, currently going through a re-build to clean it up a bit. I just got this from one of the machinists here and it needed a few parts (in addition to a belt).
Small craftsman bandsaw on the right.
At the extreme right (not in the picture for some reason) I have an old microscope with 5 - 100x magnification.
Cordless drill with dust-buster (it's mostly useless).
Dremel tool, etc...
Of course, no workspace would be complete with out the 'stash' of parts. The back wall opposite the main bench contains a number of alcoves built into the foundation that support the fireplaces above. These have made convenient storage areas with the addition of some shelves:
On the side opposite the second bench I have a 4x8' whiteboard for working out circuits, logic problems, etc.. this has been a great addition and I highly recommend it for every workspace:
Last but not least we have the heart of the network, the server rack. Unfortunately, it looks much cooler than it actually is. The actual rack was an old HP data acquisition equipment rack from the 80's. It's solid aluminum and would probably support a house. The instrument panels you see were originally installed with the intent of having them actually DO something, but I just never got around to it. The two large analog meters will eventually display upstream/downstream bitrate once I get the script worked out. Other than that, it's just a PII 500 running FREESCO and a 24 port DELL switch. Nothing special (but it will be).
That about sums it up.. I've got more projects 'in progress' but if I keep this up, I'll be here all day.. If you're interested in seeing more, just let me know..
- medix
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Site Admin
Joined: 29 Jan 2006
Posts: 1399
Location: Winnipeg, MB
Posted: Wed Nov 26, 2008 6:21 pm
Post subject:
We had 34 fantastic entries for the Workbench Contest. These entries have been viewed more than 11000 times so far! They will continue to provide inspiration for years to come when people are looking for bench ideas. It was very hard to come up with a winner for this contest since there were so many great entries, many of them describing fantastic layouts and equipment ideas. It was nice to see that so much could be achieved in small places.
The winner has been announced here (November 16, 2008)
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Site Admin
Joined: 29 Jan 2006
Posts: 1399
Location: Winnipeg, MB
Posted: Wed Apr 15, 2009 11:22 am
Post subject:
Make is having a show us your shop contest that some of you may be interested in entering.
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text:
Drinking the Bottom Shelf: Vodka for Your Bloody Mary
Will Gordon drinks his way through the bottom shelf of the liquor store...so you don't have to.
A recent fancy-bar bender has taught me two important things.
You can charge double for your falafel if you orient it horizontally and call it chickpea fries, and thoughtful drink menus now have thrice as many Scotch- and tequila-based options as they do vodka vehicles. It makes sense, because a cocktail born of complex, smoky liquor is more impressive for the bartender and more gratifying for the drinker:
Any dolt can make a decent vodka drink but no dolt can make a great one, so the effort's not worth any ambitious realist's time.
The trouble with vodka is that it climbs the quality ladder backward. Whereas a key element of bettering other branches of the booze family is aging them to extract and enhance flavor, vodka is improved primarily through filtration, aka, making it taste less like itself. By the time the typical high-end vodka has been run through the charcoal enough times to be sufficiently stripped of its character, it's mostly just ethanol that has to be diluted with water before bottling. How depressing.
The more expensive and refined the vodka, the less you notice it skulking around your glass and watering down your ice.
But the thing is, lots of people LOVE vodka, so I figure I should at least tolerate it, given that I am nothing if not a handsome man of the people. In fact, I descend from a prodigious vodka drinker. The history books will lead with Larry Bird and Michael Dukakis, but I might argue that the most productive Massachusetts resident of the 1980s was John, the guy who sold vodka to my dad. My father kept thriving through the 1990s in large part because my sister and I took turns hitting his handle of Rubinoff and replacing our share with tap water. The fact that we got away with this says a little about Dad and a lot about vodka.
Does it really make any difference if you're drinking vodka from the bottom shelf?
In order to find out, I drove 130 miles for a Bloody Mary tasting at The Bitter End Lounge in oddly charming Fairhaven, Massachusetts. Owner Jen and bartender Andrea are quite proud of their contribution to the overcrowded field of Bloody Mary assembly, and justifiably so. I'm not a big Bloody fan; I find them too often muddled with misplaced acids and chunky distractions, but the Bitter End's version, with Sriracha and pickles and so on and so forth, was delightful.
And I'm now a believer in the Bloody Mary's vaunted restorative powers, too, because shortly after I polished off two, the Celtics beat the Lakers and I remembered where my phone was. You can't argue with science.
And tasting these Bloodies blind, my research assistant and I were surprised to find that the Ketel One version was noticeably less harsh than the one made with the well-dwelling Rokk. But bottom-shelfers rejoice: The Rokk was plenty drinkable and freed up $4 for PBR chasers to toast our return to the ranks of the honorable vodka-drinking proletariat.
More Bottom Shelf Booze
What to Do With Cheap Tequila »
Castillo Silver vs. Bacardi Silver Rum »
Schlitz Classic 1960s Formula »
Eyewitness Booze Investigation: Alcoholic Whipped Cream »
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


text:
I've been watching blog posts trickle out of THATcamps for years, and this fall I finally got a chance to attend one. As luck would have it, just as Carleton signed onto a Mellon Digital Humanities planning grant with Macalester and St. Olaf, a THATcamp popped up focused specifically on Digital Humanities and Libraries.
What a rich experience. It was populated by such a range of participants: people from large research universities, university presses, centers for digital humanities, OCLC research, major digital libraries, regular old librarians like me, and some disciplinary faculty, and some graduate students. It was a great opportunity to hear from people who are a few years ahead of where we are, to hear what questions they have now, what confusions exist that maybe we can head off before they become issues here, what workflows they've arrived at, what kinds of projects may be coming down the pike.
It was also an exhausting experience because the whole time I had to listen not so much to what, exactly, people were saying (since that was usually mostly irrelevant to me) but to patterns underlying the conversations: what kinds of services do institutions provide, are people mostly working in teams or alone, are the teams institutionalized or ad hoc, how do they negotiate the class differences between disciplinary faculty and library or IT partners, where do student research assistants fit into current work, what terminology do people use and where do confusions in terms exist… So many things to listen for and translate into my own context. And often I'd realize that information I'd dismissed earlier as totally irrelevant to me suddenly fit into a new pattern I was noticing, so by the end of the day I was pretty fried.
So what were some of the things that stood out as interesting or important themes or patterns? Well…
Have a Process — Allow for Exceptions
One session was about libraries becoming more involved as publishers since they often house the tools or manage the preservation and access to digital humanities projects. In my case, those tools would probably come from our IT department rather than the library. It was still really interesting, though, to hear the conversation slowly gravitate toward the consensus that in an ideal world institutions would have both a formal publication/preservation process and then also a sort of sandbox publishing process. This second process would accommodate projects that didn't fit well into the formal containers (journals, books, wikis) or that couldn't be evaluated in the same way prior to publication (peer review, for example). As one person said, often you have to build a thing before you know if it's going to be worth anything, so the before-hand evaluation for publication process is largely impossible in these cases.
And in fact this became one of the major themes of the day for me. It seems that in order to support digital humanities projects, the goal is always to have the project based in tools, support structures, and data that are already present and ready for that kind of project. But there are also a lot of projects that simply won't fit into existing structures, and so many programs provided capacity to work on these "boutique" projects. One woman had a phrase I really liked, saying that she looked at these as "first of a kind projects, rather than one of a kind projects." The idea is to use these boutique projects to develop tools or services that the become part of the standard suite of support options, therefore taking less effort the next time.
Collaboration is Difficult and Necessary
This has been a theme not just of this gathering, but of every digital-humanities-related gathering I've attended or heard of. One humanist at St. Olaf said point blank that the humanities have traditionally been a realm of solo work so humanists don't really know how to play well with others. They lose control of the process, the timeline, and the outcome, and the conclusions aren't necessarily fully their own. Another humanist at a conference hosted this fall at Carleton spoke bluntly about how this "go it alone" attitude can easily translated into almost a master/servant relationship when collaborations mix faculty and staff because this relationship fits more easily into disciplinary practices that privilege solo work. "This is my project. Please make this thing happen in the way I want."
Library Disciplinarity
While I was at THATcamp, I started thinking that one way to think about these projects so that they maintained their collaborative nature would be to think of it almost as interdisciplinary work, where the library is a discipline more than it is a service. The library has hundreds of years of disciplinary experience with finding, organizing, using, preserving, and making accessible digital and physical items. We study the rich complexity of the interstitial spaces between discrete pieces of instantiated knowledge. We study the socio-cultural practices that develop in these spaces and that draw dynamic connections between the items. To think of ourselves as "just" a service organization is to sell ourselves short and to relegate ourselves to perpetual outsiders in these ideally collaborative pursuits.
For this reason, I also really appreciated the ways that some institutions have "Digital Scholarship" programs rather than "Digital Humanities" programs. From the CS and Library perspectives, we bring very similar portions of our disciplinary training to projects from the Humanities and the Social Sciences, so there is really no need to have separate programs to support the various disciplines. (No need, that is, after the humanities have had a chance to acclimatize themselves to this new realm of scholarship. I can absolutely see how having dedicated energies directed to the humanities is important when first getting digital humanities off the ground.)
Some Practicalities
People at THATcamp were justifiably concerned about the sustainability and scalability of their programs. Some had decided that they would provide consulting support only or that they would cap the number of active digital humanities projects they could support at any given time (with a wait list for people once an active project graduated or died). Several found that they were in high demand to help scholars develop data management plans now that humanities scholars were applying for grants that require those, and that this had been an unanticipated and heavy demand on their time. And other libraries pointed out that rather than being all things to all projects, they would specialize — so Library A might specialize in text analysis and Library B might specialize in GIS applications for humanities. Most make use of graduate student work (we intend to employ undergraduates here).
It also became clear that initial conversations in the planning stages for a project should include some discussion of how permanent the end result is intended to be. Is this something closer to an item in our "circulating collection" that can be weeded when use dwindles and space gets tight? Or is this more like an item in "special collections" that requires greater commitment to long-term care? Who will be responsible for the server space and upgrades? Who is the intended audience and how will we get it to them? If it is interactive, how much of a change log should be available, and how much control do we exert over the kind and type of interactivity? Questions like this are not just procedural, it turns out, but can actually shape the project itself on a fundamental level.
And finally, it turns out that most projects need (but do not have) good graphic design. This is especially important for projects that involve crowdsourcing. And if you're after interactivity, you'd best have thought about how to get people to participate (I'm reminded of Riedl's research for this problem).


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RP Jr on Fakegate
Roger Pielke Jr has posted reflections the continuing rumpus over the Heartland emails. As ever, his thoughts are well worth a read:
If the faked document happened to be produced by a climate activist or scientist (as some are already suggesting), then the leaked Heartland documents will go down in history as one of the more spectacular own goals in the history of the climate debate (with the consequences proportional to the stature of the faker). The faking is likely to overshadow whatever legitimate questions may have been raised by the release of the documents. Imagine what would have happened if the UEA hacker/leaker had made up a few emails to spice up the dossier.
This also struck me as wise:
This sort of thing feeds into the worst imaginings of skeptics and blinds them to the fact that there are real issues here despite the frequent over-egging of the pudding.
Meanwhile, Roger has also asked Gleick direct if he was the faker:
I emailed @PeterGleick to ask if he faked the Heartland document, no reply yet. I offered to publish his confirmation or denial on my blog.


text:
bbrandenburg needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 11 designs submitted by 5 freelance designers.
Remedy Detox Centers
We are a non medical residential detoxification facility located in Southern California. We detox clients that are experiencing withdrawal symptoms from substance abuse.
I'd like to explore the following colors:
Blues: Knowledge, trust, calm and honesty.
Aquas: Empathy, compassion, clarity and precision.
Purples: Imagination, spirituality, royalty and luxury.
Keep it simple and clean. 5 examples from others in the industry are shown below.
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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