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Fifty years ago Friday, the United States ended all exports to Cuba in response to the nationalization of American property on the island. The action touched off one of the tensest moments in the Cold War.
The following stories are UPI's coverage from October 1962.
Photos show missiles in Cuba WASHINGTON, Oct. 23, 1962 (UPI) -- U. S. photographs taken high over Cuba show launching pads in jungle clearings and missiles half hidden by canvas.
A Pentagon spokesman said the pads were pointed toward the United States. Nearby, he said, were trailers carrying 1,000-mile rockets that could reach deep into the heart of America.
The spokesman said the photos also revealed that pads were being constructed for 2,200-mile intermediate missiles capable of hitting an area stretching from Canada to Peru.
He told newsmen that the government did not know positively that there were nuclear warheads in Cuba.
But he said it was "almost inconceivable" that Russia's latest medium and intermediate range missiles, capable of traveling up to 2,200 miles, would be used with anything but nuclear warheads.
The Defense Department classified the pictures as secret and did not release them for publication.
The photographs, enlarged 30 times, were pasted on stage placards beside the spokesman. He pointed at the first of them and said in the drone of a lecturer:
"These are launchers, here and here, aligned to a specific section of the United States. These missiles on trailers are backed up against the launcher, the missile is grasped by the launcher, erected, and the trailer moves away.
"This is a mobile installation," he continued. "It can be put in place in a matter of days."
The spokesman said the photographs were part of "literally thousands of feet" taken by U.S. planes and analyzed by "literally hundreds of photo interpreters."
There also was a picture of a site for assembling Russian IL 28 jet bombers carried in metal cocoons on the decks of Soviet freighters. One bomber was already assembled.
The spokesman produced another picture of a 1,000-mile range ballistic missile in a Moscow parade. He said an expert using calipers compared the two pictures and concluded they were the same model.
Russia calls Cuba blockade a step toward nuclear war MOSCOW, Oct. 23, 1962 (UPI) -- The Soviet Union accused the United States today of "taking a step along the road of unleashing a thermonuclear war" by its blockade of Cuba.
The Russians called for an immediate meeting of the United Nations Security Council to deal with the situation and warned that "if the aggressors unleash war, the Soviet Union will deliver the mightiest retaliatory blow."
Military leaves were canceled and discharges for service were halted. Officials also summoned a military meeting of the Communist Warsaw Pact nations and said measures were being taken to enchase troop and naval preparedness.
In a government statement handed to U. S. Ambassador Foy Kohler, the Russians accused the United States of direct aggression against Cuba and repeated the claim that Soviet arm shipments to that country were solely for its defense.
The statement, broadcast by Radio Moscow, gave no hint as to whether the Russians would attempt to break the U. S. cordon around Cuba by sending through another shipload of arms.
Although its tone was indignant and harsh, it appeared to designate the UN Security Council as the arena for the first test of the U. S. decision.
It was understood on good authority here that Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev had let it be known in Western diplomatic circles that he had given "go-through" orders to Soviet ships in the event that the American threw a cordon around Cuba.
It was not clear, however whether this would prevent Soviet ships from stopping to be searched if they were ordered.
Today's statement made no mention of any such order and left the Russians with a much more flexible public stand in the matter.
Most of the Soviet declaration -- the first Russian response to the U. S. quarantine order -- was devoted to sharply-worded criticism of U. S. policy in regard to Cuba.
"At this anxious hour, the Soviet Government regards it as its duty to issue a serious warning to the U. S. Government warning it that by taking the measures announced by President Kennedy it assumes a grave responsibility for the destinies of peace, is recklessly playing with fire."
It claimed that times have changed and the United States can no longer regard itself as the strongest military power.
"The U. S. President declared in his speech that if even a single nuclear bomb falls on U.S. territory, the United States would strike a retaliatory blow," the Russian statement said.
It charged that the U. S. declaration was "permeated with hypocrisy because the Soviet Union has already repeatedly declared that not a single Soviet nuclear bomb would fall either on the United States or on any other country, unless an aggression is committed.
"Nuclear weapons created by the Soviet people and in the hands of the people never will be used for the purposes of aggression. But if the aggressors touch off a war, the Soviet Union would strike a most powerful retaliatory blow," the statement said.
The Soviet declaration accused the United States of piracy and of assuming the role of "international gendarme."
"The peoples of all countries must be clearly aware, that undertaking such a gamble, the United States of American is taking a step along the road of unleashing a thermonuclear world war," it charged.
Nowhere in the statement was there any denial of President Kennedy's charges that the arms buildup in Cuba included preparation of sites for intermediate range ballistic missiles capable of striking offensive blows at targets throughout portions of Canada, the United States, Mexico and as far as the Panama Canal.
U.S. blockade of Cuba in effect WASHINGTON, Oct. 24, 1962 (UPI) -- The U. S. quarantine against arms to Cuba went into effect at 10 a.m. today and all signs pointed to a clash within hours between American warships and Soviet vessels headed for the island.
With tension continuing to build in the most critical situation since World War II, President Kennedy met with cabinet officials and his top-level military and intelligence advisers
Twenty-five Russian ships, some believed to be carrying missiles capable of wrecking American cities, moved toward a brisling ring of U. S. warships and planes which were under orders to block by whatever means further aggressive arm deliveries to Fidel Castro.
Soviet officials here and elsewhere gave every indication that the Russian ships would refuse to stop or be searched. In the last alternative this would mean U. S. ships would carry out Kennedy's order to sink any ship that refuses to be diverted.
But this was only one of the tests ahead.
Government sources and congressional leaders reported that plans were "going forward" for a full-scale invasion of Cuba if present U. S. measures prove inadequate to neutralize the island as a threat to the United States.
Russian Lt. Gen. Vladimir A. Dubovik was quoted by the Washington Post as declaring at a Soviet embassy party here last night that "our ships will sail through and if it is decreed that those men must die, then they will obey their orders an stay on course or be sunk."
The President, who authorized the stop-or-be-sunk orders, met with his top aides promptly at 10 a.m. -- the hour the blockade went into effect. The officials sat as an executive committee of the National Security Council.
High Government sources confirmed what congressional leaders learned from their meeting late Monday with the President -- that as a matter of military expediency, invasion plans were going forward.
These sources said, however, that this country hoped that success in the United Nations would make invasion unnecessary.
Chairman Richard B. Russell (D-Ga.) of the Senate Armed Services Committee reportedly told Kennedy Monday that action stronger than a blockade would be necessary to root the already-installed Soviet missiles out of Cuba.
Early today, the U. S. Navy broadcast warnings to merchant ships to stay clear of the Windward Passage, Yucatan Channel and the Florida Straits. The Navy said these heavily traveled sea routes near Cuba may become "dangerous waters."
First test of the blockade could come today, according to Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara. Ships of any nationality attempting to pass into Cuban ports will be stopped and searched for arms ranging from missiles to bombers.
Vessels attempting to run the blockade will be halted by U. S. weapons and sunk if necessary.
Valerian Zorin, Soviet delegate to the United Nations, said "no self-respecting state will permit its shipping to be tampered with." In Havana, Premier Fidel Castro thundered that the U. S. arms quarantine "will very soon have repercussions."
Kennedy also summoned congressional leaders of both parties back to the White House for a 5 p.m. meeting, their second crisis conference since Monday afternoon.
Kennedy's blockade proclamation was issued after the Organization of American States (OAS) approved a U. S. resolution asking endorsement of the blockade. The vote was 19-0 with Uruguay abstaining because it did not receive instructions from its home government.
The proclamation, known technically as "interdiction of the delivery of offensive weapons to Cuba," authorized U. S. naval, military and air power to block arms deliveries to the Castor regime.
Specific arms covered in the blockade order were surface-to-surface missiles, bomber aircraft, bombs, air-to-surface rockets and guided missiles, warheads for any of those missiles, mechanical or electronic equipment to operate such missiles or any other classes of weapons designated by McNamara.
Under the proclamation, "any vessel or craft proceeding to Cuba" will be ordered by American units to "stop, lie to and submit to search." A ship found to be carrying material banned by the order will be directed to another destination of its own choice.
The blockade units, Task Force 136, went on station around Cuba under command of Vice Adm. Alfred Ward. Ward also commands the U. S. Second Fleet. Task Force 136 is made up of major naval units, including submarines, plus aircraft based on the East and Gulf coasts.
Ward's operation was under over-all jurisdiction of Adm. Robert L. Dennison, U. S. Atlantic fleet commander based in Norfolk, Va.
Cuba blockade stands, U. S. says UNITED NATIONS, N.Y., Oct. 25, 1962 (UPI) -- The United States stood firm today on its demand that the Soviet nuclear missile build-up in Cuba must be eliminated before it will end its blockade of Fidel Castro's island.
The U. S. position was reported to have been made clear to Acting Secretary General Thant before he sent identical messages last night to President Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev calling for a voluntary suspension of Russian arms shipments to Cuba, and a voluntary suspension of the U.S. quarantine.
Replies from Kennedy and Khrushchev were expected to by made public by the time the Security Council resumes its blockade debate late today.
Kennedy was understood to have quickly turned down Thant's appeal in its present form because it provided no guarantees against continuation of Cuba's military build-up.
Khrushchev also was putting out feelers for a summit meeting. He said late yesterday that Russia would take no rash action at this time.
With Soviet vessels steaming toward U.S. naval ships on the blockade line, Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Valerian A. Zorin, as this month's Security Council president, agreed late last night to adjournment until 4 p.m. unless "circumstances require and events develop to compel the council to take urgent steps" before then.
Thant read to the council his appeal to Kennedy and Khrushchev.
"I cannot help expressing the view that some of the measures proposed or taken, which the council is called upon to approve, are very unusual, and I might say even extraordinary, except in wartime," he said.
Each hour that passed brought fresh reports of support from America's allies. Britain, France, Canada, West Germany, Japan and the bulk of Latin America expressed gratification that the United States had acted to stop the Soviet military build-up in Cuba.
Western diplomats in Moscow expected the Soviet policy to take more definite shape with the return of Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko from the United States via East Germany.
Gromyko got back to Moscow last night and presumably huddled with Khrushchev immediately since he had talked to President Kennedy only last Thursday.
Khrushchev put out his summit proposal in a letter to the 80-year-old British philosopher and ban-the-bomb campaigner, Bertrand Russell.
He told Russell that while the Soviet Union would not be provoked into reckless action, the United States might force things and the situation could get beyond the Kremlin's control and precipitate a nuclear war.
He salted this liberally with shrewd propaganda, referring to American "hatred of the Cuban people" and the fact that the United States is in an election campaign.
Then he mentioned a summit meeting:
"The question of war and peace is so vital that we should consider useful a top-level meeting in order to discuss all the problems which have arisen, to do everything to remove the danger of unleashing a thermonuclear war."
This was discussed by American officials in Washington but there was no immediate reaction. It was understood that a direct letter from Khrushchev to Kennedy last Tuesday did not mention a summit meeting.
In London today, Lord Russell cabled Kennedy urging him to make a "conciliatory reply...and avoid a clash with Russian ships long enough to make a meeting and negotiations possible."
Ship allowed into Cuba after search shows trucks WASHINGTON, Oct. 26, 1962 (UPI) -- Two U. S. Navy destroyers halted a Lebanese ship sailing under Soviet charter to Cuba today, boarded it and searched it and then allowed it to pass through the blockade.
The vessel, the 7,268-ton freighter Marucla, was allowed to continue its passage to Cuba because no prohibited materials were found in its cargo, the Defense Department announced. The cargo consisted of 12 trucks lashed on deck.
It was the first boarding incident since President Kennedy's quarantine of arm shipments went into action. The freighter was ordered to halt early this morning by the two destroyers on duty about 180 miles northeast of Nassau in the Bahamas.
The boarding party was from the destroyers Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., named for President Kennedy's brother who was killed during the war while on a volunteer mission over in Europe, and the Pierce.
In their message to Washington, the destroyer crews reported that the Marucla cooperated in the search which lasted for nearly three hours.
Although of Lebanese registry, the Marucla was chartered by the Russians and was sailing for the Soviet Baltic port of Riga, Latvia.
The first ship to be intercepted by the blockading task force was a Russian tanker. It was allowed to pass through the quarantine ring yesterday because its cargo was petroleum which was not embargoed.
The meeting between the two destroyers and the freighter took place about 180 miles northeast of Nassau.
At 7:29 a.m. the Pentagon said, the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. lowered a whale boat. The boarding team was led by Lt. Cmdr. Dwight G. Osborne, of East Patterson, N. J., and Lt. Cmdr. Kenneth C. Reynolds, Coronado, Calif. Osborne is executive officer of the Pierce and Reynolds is the executive officer of the Kennedy.
The skippers of the two U. S. destroyers are Cmdr. James W. Foust, Greensburg, Pa., on the Pierce, and Cmdr. Nicholas Nikhalevsky, of Staten Island, N. Y. on the Kennedy.
From beginning to end, the operation involving the Marucla took more than 12 hours. About 10 last night, first contact was made when the Pierce spotted her moving through the Atlantic waters. Two hours later, the Kennedy moved into the area.
The two destroyers trailed the Marucla through the night, with orders to board at "first light."
"Further action" on Cuba weighed
WASHINGTON, Oct. 26, 1962 (UPI) -- The State Department said today that "further action" of an unspecified nature is being considered to deal with the Soviet missile buildup in Cuba.
State Department press officer Lincoln White did not elaborate. He told reporters construction of the missile facilities was still going on and reminded them that President Kennedy had said "further action" would come if it continued.
White issued his statement after Kennedy held strategy meetings with key Administration leaders.
Ambassador Adlai Stevenson, who had been scheduled to meet this morning with United Nation Secretary General Thant, unexpectedly showed up for the strategy talks.
Others present included Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Ambassador Lewellyn Thompson, an expert on Soviet affairs, and U. S. disarmament chief William Foster.
It also was learned that:
Kennedy has canceled his Nov. 12-14 visit to Brazil because of the gravity of the situation.
Key congressional leaders have been placed on an eight-hour alert to be ready for a presidential conference not later than Monday.
U.S. representatives Charles W. Yost and Francis T. Plimpton substituted for Stevenson for the talks with the UN secretary general.
Stevenson was to return to the UN late today after Thant also had held meetings with Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Valerian A. Zorin and Cuban Ambassador Mario Garcia-Inchaustegui in an effort to avert war.
Indications mounted that direct action might be taken to eliminate Cuban missile bases. A heavy build-up of troops in Florida continued.
Cong. Hale Boggs (D-La.) said after a White House briefing that the U. S. would destroy the bases if they were not voluntarily removed.
In replies to an appeal by the UN secretary general, Kennedy emphasized that the blockade could not be lifted until the missiles and their bases had been removed. But he agreed to have Stevenson participate in talks.
Kennedy rejects Turkey deal, demands removal of Cuba missiles
WASHINGTON, Oct. 27, 1962 (UPI) -- President Kennedy today rejected Soviet Premier Khrushchev's proposal to trade the Russian missile base in Cuba for the NATO missile base in Turkey.
Instead, President Kennedy again demanded that Cuban rocket sites be dismantled under international inspection.
The President's response was contained in a White House statement after the Khrushchev offer was broadcast by Radio Moscow.
In his answer to Khrushchev, Kennedy said:
"The first imperative must be to deal with that immediate threat, under which no sensible negotiations can proceed," the White House said.
"It is therefore the position of the United States that as an urgent preliminary to consideration of any proposals, work on the Cuban bases must stop; offensive weapons must be rendered inoperable and further shipment of offensive weapons to Cuba must cease -- all under effective international verification."
The White House statement did not refer to Turkey by name. But Khrushchev had said the United States should withdraw its rockets from that country if the Soviets withdrew from Cuba.
The U. S. statement contained this comment:
"As to proposals concerning the security of nations outside this hemisphere, the United States and its allies have long taken the lead in seeking properly inspected arms limitations on both sides. These efforts can continue as soon as the present Soviet-created threat is ended."
Khrushchev had made his offer subject to these conditions:
The Soviet Union would pledge I the Security Council of the United Nations that it would never attack Turkey from Russian territory if the United States would make a similar pledge never to attack Cuba from its territory.
Russia would remove from Cuba the weapons President Kennedy considers "offensive." In turn, the United States must recall from Turkey weapons called "offensive" by Khrushchev.
Dismantling of bases would be confirmed by an inspecting team from United Nations.
Khrushchev also stated that the weapons which the United States finds objectionable in Cuba are under Soviet control.
"Therefore any accidental use of them to the detriment of the U. S. A. is excluded," he said.
Defense and diplomatic observers supported the President.
A Defense Department spokesman said "there is no slightest indication" that the Russians have yet slowed construction of missile bases in Cuba. He said his information was current and factual and based on present observation of the construction activity in Cuba.
Khrushchev's proposal strikes at the heart of the NATO defense concept, a diplomatic official said. He said it would be impossible to see how the U. S. could agree to a straight trade. Kennedy has stated that NATO bases and the secret arming of Cuba are separate issues.
While the present exchange appears to have introduced an element of time in negotiations, the key to Kennedy's Monday policy declaration remains unaltered. This is: "...Should these offensive military preparations continue, thus increasing the threat to the hemisphere, further action will be justified."
Khrushchev's proposal was broadcast over Radio Moscow shortly after Turkey's Foreign Minister Feridun Cemal Erkin said in Istanbul that it was "out of the question" for the United States to abandon its Turkish military bases.
Khrushchev told Kennedy, "we agree to remove from Cuba the means which you consider aggressive. Your representatives will then remove analogous means from Turkey. Let us settle on a term for this, and then UN representatives could control this.
"Let us make in the Security Council a statement that the USSR will respect the sovereignty of Turkey and not allow its territory to be used for aggression against Turkey. A similar statement in the framework of the Security Council will be made by the U. S. A. regarding Cuba."
Khrushchev said if Kennedy agreed with his proposal, the Soviet Union would send delegates to the United Nations with the necessary instructions.
He said such a step would mean the beginning of the elimination of bases and would be a step on the road to banning atomic weapons.
On the atom testing question, he said, "our stand and your stand are very near."
Khrushchev also said he thought Kennedy's order to U. S. ships to avoid, for the moment, confrontations with Soviet vessels bound for Cuba was a "reasonable" step.
He said he thought it was a good thing that the President had agreed to talks on the Cuba crisis with the participation of Acting Secretary General Thant.
Kuznetsov, Thant begin talks on missile removal
UNITED NATIONS, N.Y., Oct. 29, 1962 (UPI) -- Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Vassily V. Kuznetsov, dispatched by the Kremlin to take over the Russian end of UN negotiations on the Cuban crisis, held his first conference with acting Secretary General Thant today.
Kuznetsov was accompanied by Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Valerian A. Zorin, who denied the existence of Russian missile bases in Cuba almost to the moment Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev agreed to dismantle and remove them.
Plunging into a final round of discussions before his planned departure for talks with Cuban Premier Fidel Castro in Havana tomorrow, Thant also scheduled an appointment with Ambassador Mario Garcia-Inchaustegui of Cuba.
He was expected to see U. S. Ambassador Adlai E. Stevenson before the day is out, but no firm appointment had been scheduled.
Stevenson was expected to be joined soon by the full three-man coordination committed appointed today by President Kennedy to handle developments involved in "the conclusion of the Cuban crisis."
John J. McCloy, who heads the group, has been here for a week as a special assistant to Stevenson. Undersecretary of State George W. Ball and deputy Defense Secretary Roswell Gilpatric, the other members of coordination group, were due in New York today.
Thant announced late yesterday that he planned to leave tomorrow to accept Castro's invitation for talks on the Cuban crisis.
The Havana talks are expected to center on the dispatch of a UN observer corps to oversee the dismantling of the war bases and their shipment back to Russia.
A U. S. spokesman said best information was that dismantling of the bases had not begun despite Russia's agreement.
Stevenson, in his second meeting of the day with Thant, last night delivered a new message from President Kennedy. It was in reply to a message Thant sent Kennedy earlier yesterday. Its content was not disclosed.
Western governments relieved but puzzled by Soviet shift
The Western world reacted with cautious relief and some puzzlement today at Russia's announced decision to pull its missiles out of Cuba.
There was immediate talk of hopes of negotiating settlements of other East-West cold war problems such as a nuclear test ban and disarmament. But through the speculation ran a strain of suspicion about Soviet motives.
Communist bloc news agencies portrayed the move as a positive act toward peace rather than any retreat from military confrontation.
The Soviet, Polish and Bulgarian news agencies all depicted the Soviet Union and Premier Nikita Khrushchev as champions of reducing tensions.
The first Western government reactions came from London, Paris and Rome.
In Rome, an authoritative diplomatic source said U. S. firmness paid off "more than all of us expected." Prime Minister Harold Macmillan wrote Khrushchev that once the Cuban situation is "normalized, the way would be open for us all to work toward more general arrangements regarding armaments."
A French Foreign Office spokesman said it was "beautiful, perhaps too beautiful." Italian Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani hailed the "positive" developments.
European newspapers used such phrases as "profound thankfulness...deep relief...a victory for peace...thanks and gratitude." "The world may breathe more easily," said the Times of London.
But the London Daily Sketch asked: "What is Mr. K up to now?"
Philadelphia Archbishop John J. Krol, an ex-Cleveland prelate at the Vatican, said two words that seemed to sum up the feeling of rescue from Armageddon:
"Thank God."
West Berliners were elated but tempered this with a caution born of long experience.
"We ought to remind ourselves of that old German saying, 'after victory, strap your helmet tighter'," said Berliner Kurt Hirschmann.
Thant lands in Cuba; U. S. lifts blockade
HAVANA, Oct. 30, 1962 (UPI) -- Acting United Nations Secretary General Thant arrived here today to arrange for UN observation of the dismantling and removal of Soviet missile bases in Cuba.
Thant said before boarding a chartered Varig Airlines jet in New York that he looked forward "to a fruitful exchange of ideas with Cuban Premier (Fidel) Castro...with a view to achieving a speedy and peaceful settlement of the problem.
The United States, at Thant's request, suspended "for the period of his two-day visit" enforcement of the blockade and aerial reconnaissance.
Eighteen aides accompanied Thant on his Cuban mission. They included Brig. Indar Jit Rikhye of India, his military adviser; Lt. Gen. Dag Inge Siternspetz of Sweden and UN undersecretaries Omar Loutfi of the United Arab Republic and Hernane Tavares De Sa of Brazil.
Before he left New York, Thant contacted several countries, including Sweden, Switzerland and Mexico, to prepare a UN observer force in Cuba.
Despite Castro's angry demands, he appeared to have little choice but to agree with any plane approved by Russia. The Kremlin seemed unimpressed by Castro's insistence that the United States should give up its Guantanamo Bay naval base.
Three American planes made surveillance flights over Cuba yesterday in an effort to determine whether launching pad construction work had stopped and missiles dismantled as Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev promised President Kennedy Sunday.
In Washington, Kennedy met this morning with his National Security Council executive committee. Expert interpretation of the aerial photographs made yesterday was believed presented at that time.
Assistant Defense Secretary Arthur Sylvester said the temporary halt to surveillance flights was ordered even though the U. S. lacks conclusive evidence work on the missile bases has been stopped.
Sylvester declined comment on reports that two Soviet submarines were tracked near the blockade area for three days until they were forced to surface presumably because they ran out of air. The reports said destroyers watched them for signs of hostile intent but there was none.
As the blockade was suspended, Defense Department officials pointed out that no Soviet ships were approaching the quarantine line.
Thant would up arrangements for his quick trip to Cuba with a full round of diplomatic conferences yesterday.
Thant saw Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Vasily V. Kuznetsov for a 35-minute conference early last night, their second of the day. After their earlier discussion, a UN spokesman said Kuznetsov was full of constructive suggestions for settling the Cuban crisis.
Thant spent an hour and 35 minutes with U. S. Ambassador Adlai E. Stevenson and John J. McCloy, a chairman of diplomatic task force appointed by President Kennedy yesterday to handle developments involved in "the conclusion of the Cuban crisis."
McCloy and the other two members of the task force, Undersecretary of State George W. Ball and Deputy Defense Secretary Roswell L. Gilpatric, were engaged in intensive consultations in New York, aimed at ending the Cuban crisis quickly with effective inspection of the war bases' removal. U.S. insists Soviets remove bombers from Cuba too By MERRIMAN SMITH
WASHINGTON, Nov. 1, 1962 (UPI) -- Russian jet bombers as well as rockets must get out of Cuba, the Defense Department announced today as the United States resumed its naval blockade and alerted aerial reconnaissance squadrons.
A Defense Department spokesman said President Kennedy is listing Russian Ilyushin-28 bombers, capable of carrying a nuclear payload, as "offensive weapons."
The disclosure came following a Pentagon estimate that Russia had based 20 IL-28 jet bombers with ranges of 750 miles on Cuban soil to back up at least 30 medium range ballistic missiles.
The issue of the bombers was raised today during a Pentagon briefing at which it was pointed out that Soviet Premier Khrushchev did not specifically refer to bombers in his promise to remove offensive weapons from Cuba.
Also, announcements during UN Secretary General Thant's two-day visit to Cuba had referred only to missile bases.
It was because of Thant's visit -- aimed at obtaining Premier Fidel Castro's agreement to a UN-supervised removal of the missile sites -- that the United States had suspended the blockade for 48 hours.
Kennedy met for 45 minutes with the executive committee of the National Security Council.
U. S. officials said it was evident that Thant did not get very far in his talk toward setting up arrangements for UN verification of the missile removal.
The question of whether aerial flights over Cuba had resumed was not answered by the Defense Department. The spokesman also declined to say if the blockade force had intercepted Cuba-bound vessels since the quarantine had been reinstituted.
Despite Castro's apparent unwillingness to allow inspection of the missile sites, there were no indications of a breach in the agreement between the U. S. and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to take them away.
Thant said he had reliable information that the Russians will have completed dismantling their long-range missiles in Cuba by tomorrow.
Soviet First Deputy Premier Anastas Mikoyan was en route to Cuba on a trouble-shooting mission, with a stop-over in New York. Mikoyan's Havana mission may be to boost Castro who will address his nation tonight.
Kennedy called off a news conference scheduled for late today because of the clouded Cuban situation. The White House said it would be rescheduled after this week when the situation was "clarified."
Defense Department officials said U. S. ships kept a close watch on the Cuban shipping lanes during the two-day suspension. They said "nothing has been left uncovered" in the deployment of warships.
Regardless of Castro's attitude toward UN observers, there appeared to be nothing he could do about removal of the missiles. Mikoyan's trip to Havana was seen in Moscow as an attempt by Khrushchev to tighten his coordination with Castro and bolster Soviet prestige on the island.
Thant said the Cuban government will ship home the body of Air Force Maj. Rudolf Anderson Jr., 35, for "humanitarian reasons." Anderson was reported missing on a reconnaissance flight over Cuba Saturday.
The Pentagon said it was "the first word that the department has had that Maj. Anderson was shot down over Cuba." The department had originally reported him missing, and said reconnaissance planes had been fired on over Cuba. U.S. says photos show dismantling of missile bases on Cuba By MERRIMAN SMITH WASHINGTON, Nov. 2, 1962 (UPI) -- The United States said today that air photos taken over Cuba show that the Russians are dismantling their missile bases there, despite Premier Fidel Castro's objections to allowing on-the-spot verification.
The announcement was made shortly before Soviet Deputy Premier Anastas Mikoyan said in New York that Russia backed Castro's demand that the U. S. give up its base at Guantanamo Bay. He made the statement just before flying to Havana for talks with Castro.
The Defense Department said that "preliminary analysis of the aerial photographs collected in reconnaissance missions over Cuba yesterday provide clear evidence that work is proceeding on the dismantling of the missiles."
This would be in keeping with the pledge made last weekend by Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev that he would remove the long-range missile bases from Cuban soil.
President Kennedy viewed the pictures early today. Later he spent more than an hour discussing their significance and other aspects of the Cuban situation with the executive committee of his National Security Council. The group comprises his top policy advisers.
A Defense Department spokesman said the photos taken yesterday show such evidence of dismantling as the removal of missile erectors and associated launch equipment; the breaking up of cable conduits between control points and launching pads; plowed and bulldozed areas at the missile sites and concrete pads apparently broken up by air hammers.
Asked whether the blockade is still in effect, the spokesman said "the ships are on station."
There was speculation here and at the United Nations that Castro might be seeking a face-saving way out of the impasse he has created over verification.
It was expected that talks between Castro and Mikoyan today in Havana will play a vital role in what the U. S. will do next.
Castro remained firm in objecting to any United Nations inspection but the possibility arose that the International Red Cross might be acceptable.
U. S. officials emphasized they would settle for nothing less than a ground inspection. They pointed out that Soviet missiles could be hidden and later put into operational status in a few days.
A high Administration official indicated that key decisions would be made within a matter of hours depending on outcome of Castro's talks with Mikoyan.
He called policy meeting last night "one of the most hectic periods since President Kennedy addressed the nation on the Cuban crisis a week ago."
There were reports that Russia might let the U. S. Navy or Red Cross check its ships carrying the missiles home. This would take place outside of Cuba's territorial limits.
In a radio and television speech last night, Castro denounced the U. S. and said he would not yield in international inspection. He said that included Red Cross inspection.
Mikoyan's visit may convince him to change his mind, it was reported.
Possible involvement of the International Red Cross had not been made public before. But U. S. officials confirmed that it had been among Khrushchev's proposals, possibly brought by Vasily Kuznetsov, the deputy Soviet foreign minister who was sent to the United Nations earlier this week.
Khrushchev suggested the Red Cross as a verifying body if the United Nations inspection was not acceptable. This apparently was relayed in a private communication to President Kennedy.
Mikoyan had dinner in New York last night with U. S. Ambassador Adlai E. Stevenson and John J. McCloy, chief of Kennedy's Cuban crisis diplomatic task force.
Earlier, Mikoyan talked with acting UN Secretary General Thant, just back from two days of unsuccessful efforts to win agreement from Castro on a UN inspection agreement.
Despite Castro's oratorical thunder, there was no relaxation in the U. S. position of having to be entirely certain that Soviet weapons of offense were out of Cuba. These would include new Russia jet bombers as well as missiles.
Castro in his speech conceded Russia's right to remove her weapons, but he said the United States could not insist on international inspection of the dismantling of the bases "imposed by force."
He admitted "misunderstandings" with the Soviet Union but praised Russia's role in building up Cuban defenses and said "differences" between the two countries would be settled in private by both governments acting as equals.
Castro also told the Cuban people for the first time that the missile bases belong to Russia and are operated by Russian personnel.
He said Cuba will not have to pay for Russian arms it has received because "the Soviet Union decided several months ago to cancel the debt on all arms shipped to us."
Russia ends arms alert as U. S. halts blockade By ROBERT J. KORENGOLD
MOSCOW, Nov. 21, 1962 (UPI) -- The Soviet Union today canceled the military preparedness measures it took last month at the height of the Cuban crisis. It said President Kennedy's lifting of the Cuban blockade made the relaxation possible.
The orders to the Soviet Union armed forces and satellite powers disclosed for the first time that intercontinental ballistic missiles had been in a state of combat readiness and indicated that some submarines had been sent to battle stations.
The announcement came shortly after Radio Moscow told the Soviet people of the President's decision to end the blockade. But the broadcast did not mention the fact that U. S. aerial surveillance of the island will continue.
Later, Radio Moscow broke its silence on the Chinese Communist cease-fire in the Indian border war. It broadcast a four-minute summary of the Chinese decision, without comment.
Radio Moscow said military relaxation was ordered "in connection with the possibility that has appeared for liquidating the aftermath of the dangerous crisis that has taken place in the Caribbean Sea."
Pravda did not carry the President's announcement, but it did print Cuban Premier Fidel Castro's message to acting UN Secretary-General Thant offering to give up his Soviet bombers.
The announcement rescinding the military measures disclosed for the first time that several preparedness steps had been taken during the crisis without having been made public.
When the Russians took their military readiness steps a month ago, they warned that the American blockade of Cuba would "unleash a thermonuclear world war."


text:
Fees / Taxes / other hidden cost
Fees / Taxes / other hidden cost
Sales tax is based on where you live unless you pickup at the factory, then it is Fremont, CA
sales tax. There is a $900 delivery fee regardless of where or how you get the car, plus
I think $100 dealer "prep". I think those are the big chunks.
The charger outlet cost will vary depending on length of conduit and difficulty.
Figure on $300-$1000 for a NEMA 14-50 depending on degree of difficulty.
Delivery is the same everywhere and is $990. Inspection and preparation is $180. You will have to pay your local sales tax unless you take delivery in CA. You will have your state vehicle license fee, registration and title fee and any tire recycling fee ($7 in CA). You will need a charger installed by an electrician, this could be as simple as a standard wall outlet (not a good idea) up to many thousands for a new panel, wiring, etc. depending on your circumstances.
You'll eventually need to purchase a maintenance contract ($600 per year) and possibly a wireless contract for the car's connectivity.
You may want to plunk down money for better interior floor mats, the car includes only front mats that are not seen as very good. This could run anywhere from $250 to $1000 depending on what you decide to buy.
Um... I can't think of anything else. Hope that helps!
Ugh, sorry I was a little low in my recollection on the delivery/prep. Also the maintenance slipped
my mind since we can't buy it yet :)
You will see all the fees in your final MVPA. If you aren't in CA, you will have to take care of your own sales tax, tag, and title (there may be some states where that isn't true, but it should show up on the MVPA if Tesla is doing it).
@ mbauer8 This is not known yet.
There are no hidden fees. It is all detailed on the MPVA. Best and most efficient car purchase of my life. Delivery could use some work, but I figure more experience will solve that.
Right now it is free. What the cost will be eventually, no one knows. I am pretty sure it is 3G at the moment.
For me, it cost $2500 for title transfer to NC.
cschock mentioned the $600 for the yearly service check-up, but there is also the optional extended warranty which is around 2400, I believe.
I also spent $50 for a tire air pump, and a can of fix-a-flat. Some have spent approx $500 for their own spare rim/tire.
I'm thinking about buying a spare power cable so I don't have to keep unplugging mine at home.
Double check to see if your state has any other EV incentives. For instance, in WA, I paid no sales tax at all, so after I got the price for my configuration, I simply added ~$1000 for the delivery stuff and that was my final price.
I agree that floormats are something they you may not expect to have to pay for after taking delivery.
@mbauer8 Elon stated last week in Oslo that the optional connectivity will be a non-profit item for Tesla. They will get the best price they can and pass it on without markup. The price has not been announced yet.
Signature owners get the first year free, and all others get 3 months free.
WA State doesn't have Sales tax on an electric vehicle (at least not for now), but we do have an Electric Vehicle annual tax of $100 to make up for the loss in Gas Tax.
Given my current driving amount/mileage that would still be half of the gas tax I'm currently paying.
I have a Motor Vehicle Purchase Agreement which lists various items of the MS of which there is an item, "Destination and regulatory documentation fee $1,170. No sales tax on EV in the State of Washington. Sales tax in Washington is normally 8.35% ~$8,350! This incentive expires at the end of 2014.
Thanks S4WRXTTCS for stating the annual $100 EV road use tax (fee).
Vancouver WA
@TeslaTap - or longer than 3 months, depending on how long it takes them to get it in place -- I have had my car for 7.5 months now :).
Reading this thread gave me a thought... I live in Pennsylvania and am going to purchase a pre-made demo car model S. If I purchase my Model S and pick it up in New Jersey, does that mean I pay no sales tax? New Jersey has 0% sales tax for electric vehicles.
Or do I still pay sales tax where I live?
@ModelNick - If I remember right, In California, when you go to register, they charge you a "use" fee if you buy it outside California, that happens to be the same as the sales tax, so you can't dodge the sales tax in CA. I suspect most states that have a sales tax do something similar so you can't easily get around the tax.
Most, if not all states, charge a use tax when you register a vehicle that was previously registered in another state. The use tax is generally equal to the sales tax. However, the vehicle is now a "used car" and the basis may be less than the basis for a "new car" AND you will be allowed to reduce the use tax by any sales tax that was previously paid to the other state. Of course if you took delivery in a state with no sales tax you would have nothing to reduce the tax with.
The best way to avoid the sales tax for an EV, IMHO, is to change your state of residency to one with no EV sales tax such as Washington State or New Jersey. Then, assuming you have fulfilled the legal requirements for changing your residency, you can always visit your current place of residency and drive your Model S with your new "out of state" plates and never pay the sales tax.
Actually this scheme would probably work best for retired individuals. In fact, being a resident of Washington State would have the added benefit of there not being a state income tax there. For most people with conventional jobs, though, it would be impractical make that change.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
(also available in French; see also translations in other languages)
http://www.w3.org/ -- 1 December 2008 -- Today W3C announced a new standard to make it easier to author interactive multimedia presentations. Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 3.0 allows video, audio, images, text, and hypertext links to be combined into interactive presentations, with fine-grain control of layout and timing.
"The importance of SMIL 3.0 is that it contains a set of user-requested features that provide exciting new functionality, while retaining all the advantages of a declarative (that is, without scripting) approach to building a multimedia presentation," said Dick Bulterman, chair of the Synchronized Multimedia Working Group, which published the specification.
The new features in SMIL (pronounced, "smile") are a direct response to user and industry demand. For instance, the standard allows full-motion, timed captions and labels to be directly inserted in the presentation (called smilText). And SMIL's media pan-zoom control allows people to create "Ken Burns"-style animations easily for photos and visual content. SMIL 3.0 also allows authors to embed timed metadata in presentations, making SMIL a useful descriptive language for the development of Semantic Web resources that evolve over time.
These new features enable end-users to enhance video and image sites with captions, subtitles and other annotations, even if the video or images were created by somebody else. SMIL provides a standard and flexible way to accompany media with links, captions, metadata, and other information that requires timing coordination.
SMIL 3.0 also integrates a number of industry extensions to previous versions of the standard. "By integrating extensions such as those developed at RealNetworks," said Eric Hyche, Principal Engineer at RealNetworks, "SMIL 3.0 will boost wider acceptance and interoperability of multimedia on the Web."
Developers and users alike are invited to consult the collection of tools, demonstrators, and book that accompany the SMIL 3.0 release.
SMIL 3.0 is designed so that people may build multimedia applications for an increasing number of platforms that support Web standards. For instance, people can now safely add multimedia presentations to other XML applications, including HTML and SVG. SMIL 3.0 also makes it easier to develop multimedia applications on mobile platforms. "SMIL Tiny" is a minimal profile of SMIL 3.0 perfect for embedded systems and light-weight applications such as media playlists.
According to Luiz Fernando Gomes Soares, who coordinates the development of the Ginga/NCL reference implementation for the Brazilian DTV standard, "The simple declarative structure of SMIL Tiny makes it an interesting candidate for augmenting interaction in future set-top boxes. This could stimulate new forms of end-user interaction with content in a safe and localized manner."
SMIL 3.0 benefits users with disabilities through integration of features requested by the DAISY Consortium. The Daisy Consortium uses SMIL for its Talking Books, an open format designed to meet the needs of blind and visually challenged Web users.
"SMIL 3.0 includes several new accessibility features and, for the first time, a fully-conforming language profile has been defined for DAISY books," said Dr. George Kerscher, Secretary-General of the Daisy Consortium. "As the Consortium moves forward with revisions to the DAISY Standard, we will build on SMIL 3.0 and extend the functionality in the DAISY Standard to support the production and consumption of rich media publications that are accessible to all."
The participants in the Synchronized Multimedia Working Group involved in the publication were: Access Technologies (worldwide), CWI - Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (Netherlands), the Daisy Consortium (Worldwide), the Helsinki University of Technology (Finland), the International Webmasters Association/HTML Writers Guild (Italy), Loria/INRIA Lorraine (France), the National Center for Research on Disabilities (Japan), Nokia (worldwide), the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), RealNetworks (USA) and La Universidad de Oviedo (Spain).
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international consortium where Member organizations, a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop Web standards. W3C primarily pursues its mission through the creation of Web standards and guidelines designed to ensure long-term growth for the Web. Over 440 organizations are Members of the Consortium. W3C is jointly run by the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (MIT CSAIL) in the USA, the European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM) headquartered in France and Keio University in Japan, and has additional Offices worldwide. For more information see http://www.w3.org/


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MondialMt2 - Oriental Action MMORPG
For a long time now the Dragon God's breath has watched over the kingdoms of Shinsoo, Chunjo and Jinno. But this fascinating world of magic is facing a terrifying threat: The impact of the Metin Stones has not only torn wounds into the entire continent, but has also caused chaos and destruction throughout the land and its inhabitants. War has broken out between the kingdoms, wild animals have transformed into raging beasts and the dead have come back to life as blood-thirsty creatures. Fight the dark influence of the Metin Stones as one of the Dragon God's allies. Gather all your strength and seize your weapons to save your kingdom from a future filled with fear, suffering and destruction!
Technical support form here.
Contact us also on facebook.


text:
On October 14th the ASPCA's hosting a benefit: Mission Adoptable.
It'll take place at the IAC Building (that Frank Gehry-designed ice structure on the West Side Highway) and there will definitely be drinks, food and dancing.
Will there be puppies? Kittens? Hedgehogs (ELLE's pet du jour)? We can't promise, but it's worth buying a ticket to find out.
Meanwhile, the invite does guarantee a secret honorary chairman at the head of a committee including Byrdie Bell, Maggie Rizer, and Kate Mara. Our bet's on Clifford.


text:
You built your career in academia and then shifted to the Independent Institute, a research organisation funded by sympathetic donors. What are the main differences between academia and working at a think-tank?
In academia, my prime concern was teaching and training students. In my affiliation with the Independent Institute, my major responsibility was editing the institute's quarterly scholarly journal The Independent Review.
In my research and writing I was completely independent in both situations. In academia no one ever prescribed what type of research I would do, how I would do it, or what conclusions I would reach. In my work for the Independent Institute, which now continues on a reduced basis, I have enjoyed the same intellectual independence.
Whether nonacademic work is more or less intellectually constrained depends on the organization one works for and the type of work one does. I have been fortunate in both regards.
You wrote a memorial piece for Murray Rothbard which was published by the Mises Institute. However not everyone is a fan of Rothbard; George Selgin - who has had disagreements with Rothbard on monetary issues - thinks he is a nut on fractional reserve banking, and David Friedman has blogged critically about Rothbard (see here and here), calling him intellectually dishonest. I was wondering your thoughts on these debates between wings of the movement.
Murray Rothbard was a personal friend of mine and also someone whose intellect and accomplishments I have always held in high regard. George Selgin is an old friend of mine, and I have known David Friedman for a long time. I try to avoid infighting among libertarians, some of which springs from personal enmities and eccentricities.
It is entirely to be expected, however, that economists in general and libertarian economists in particular should differ somewhat in their views. We do not belong to a cult. Lock-step conformity is neither required nor admired by people who have intellectual integrity. If all libertarian economists held the same views, that situation would signify that our discipline had stultified. Lively controversy is all for the good. It would be best, of course, if people kept their differences on an intellectual plane and did not descend to personal invective or insinuations, but libertarian economists are subject to the usual assortment of human foibles.
Why is Rothbard not taken more seriously by economists?
Rothbard upheld the Misesian approach to economics, which maintains that economic theory is an a priori body of logically connected propositions resting at bottom on the Action Axiom—that "human action," by definition, consists of the purposive attempt to attain chosen goals by the use of chosen means. (Rothbard did differ with Mises in his understanding of the epistemological status of the Action Axiom, but he did not consider this difference especially important.) In this approach, economic theory is apodictically certain: its propositions are necessarily true as long as they are correctly deduced from the Action Axiom and other incontestable propositions.
Mainstream economists reject this approach to economics (which, by the way, was espoused by many economists in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries). Modern economics rests on positivistic epistemological foundations of the same sort that (mainstream economists suppose) undergird the work of researchers in the natural sciences. Mainstream economists build models, derive testable hypotheses from these models, and use statistical methods to test the hypotheses. If the observed data are inconsistent with a hypothesis, the economist (in principle) either abandons the hypothesis or returns to the theoretical drawing board to reformulate the model in a way that can account for the variations in the observed data.
Misesians such as Rothbard view the mainstream approach as unsuited to the study of human action, which is always situated in a "complex" and changing context so that no theoretical ceteris paribus proviso is ever satisfied; nor can the researcher artificially impose this proviso statistically in an empirical test. Mainstream economics treats the human actor as no different from an atom or a molecule, expecting that the actor will always behave (at least as a central tendency) in accordance with some fixed "law," whereas Misesian economics sees the human actor as having the capacity to change his goals, select new means of achieving them, and alter his relative valuations at any moment—hence, in Mises's expression, there are no constants in economics.
Mainstream economists regard themselves as scientists and regard Misesians such as Rothbard as kooks, so naturally they pay no attention to his work. They view him and others like him as cultists or ideologues. I need hardly add that I consider them wholly mistaken in this regard.
What do you know of Australia and would you ever consider visiting us here?
I know a bit about Australia from having had good Australian friends—above all, the great Max Hartwell—and from having had American friends who have visited or lived for a while in Australia. I very much doubt that I will ever be able to visit there myself, however. I am on the verge of retirement, and I will be emigrating (I hope before the end of 2014) to a remote location in Mexico. Once I've left the USA, I probably will not travel anywhere except locally in Mexico and perhaps in Central America (I have many friends in Guatemala.)
One of Australia's free-market think tanks published a policy monograph entitled 'Why Does Government Grow?' which points out that non-combatants during World War II experienced comparable expansions in the size and scope of government (p. 15 of the monograph). Does this line of argument undermine the argument that crises - in this case, wars - are the culprit when it comes to government's growth?
As I wrote in the first chapter of my book Crisis and Leviathan, the modern growth of government has various sources. The researcher's job is to identify which of them have operated at specific times and places and to determine how much weight to give each of them. Crises certainly have been a fertile source of the growth of government in the USA, many Western European countries, and elsewhere. The detailed historical research on this claim leaves little doubt of its truth.
World War II, however, drew in almost all of the world's major countries. Of those not drawn in, some experienced the same effects, springing from the same causes. For example, Sweden, which was not a belligerent in either world war, nevertheless prepared for war in both instances, in case it should have to defend itself against attack. The actions the Swedish government took in order to prepare for war closely resembled the actions other countries' governments took in order to prepare for war and then to engage in it. One should not be misled by formalities such as whether a country declared war or by whether it sent soldiers to fight in it. The important changes prompted by war pertain to the new and expanded powers that governments exercise in connection with war or preparation for war.
Moreover, economic and political history is not physics. In one's explanation of the growth of government, there is no reason to expect or to insist that a single model must fit every country in the world. Finding cases in which war was not a prime culprit does not, in itself, refute the finding that in other cases war was the prime culprit.
In my work on U.S. history since the late nineteenth century, crisis (along with certain ideological preconditions) is the critical event. War is the crisis that has the greatest effects because it is the one that creates the greatest public fear and therefore leads the public to demand or to acquiesce in the government's exercise of new or expanded powers ostensibly to allay the perceived threat. However, other crises, such as the Great Depression and other economic turmoil, may also have the capacity to elicit similar expansions of government power and activity because they, too, cause great public fear and apprehension about the security of people's livelihoods and property values.
More workaday reasons for the growth of government also exist, including those emphasized by mainstream economists under the unfortunate rubric of "market failure." In my work, however, I have yet to find a historical case in which these sources merit heavy explanatory weight.
One also needs to recognize that what happens in one country, whether it has fought in recent wars or not, affects other countries, including those that may have avoided the fighting. Ideological changes spill across the globe, affecting redistributional politics, government policies, and many other developments. Commercial and financial relations severed or altered during a major war also bear on countries everywhere. International migrations are affected, both in their volumes and in their sources and destinations. A country can scarcely remain unaffected if a major war is occurring somewhere on earth, and some of these effects promote the growth of government.
What would you say to aspiring scholars - is it possible to carry out an Austrian research program in the social sciences and succeed in gaining employment at a major research university? Is good work published in the leading journals and recognized by faculty irrespective of the particular argument put forward by the author?
It is extremely difficult for Austrians to get a job in a top tier university or to place their articles in leading professional journals—not impossible, but extremely difficult. Austrians can succeed in getting jobs at second or third tier schools and in placing their articles in second or third tier journals, but, again, given the overwhelming dominance of the neoclassical paradigm in mainstream economics, even this degree of professional success is quite difficult.
You are now entering retirement. Are you pessimistic or optimistic about the prospects for people understanding just how much unnecessary death and destruction governments cause?
I do not expect that many people will ever appreciate the full extent of the state's destructiveness. The state has all the advantages, from public schooling to the statist news media to almost every major institution with real power and influence in society. Of course, it has vast funds at its disposal, too, looted from the productive members of the public. People are therefore exposed, from the cradle to the grave, to indoctrination and propaganda tilted in the state's favor. Very few ever raise the pertinent questions about the state, much less answer them correctly.
States sometimes fail, of course, but when they do, new states quickly replace them, as most people want. Modern people, for the most part, are unwilling to assume the same degree of personal responsibility that their ancestors assumed. They have therefore sold their souls to the state, looking to it for personal and economic security and relying on its general beneficence. In this regard, they evince the triumph of wishful thinking over realistic understanding.


text:
Feb Wellness Clinic | DTLA Vets
February Wellness Clinic | DTLA Vets
Tues Feb 26 | 4-7pm
Need a Health Certificate for summer travel or would like a Titer test to avoid over-vaccination? DTLA Vets will perform wellness exams, vaccinations, lab screening tests, discuss general nutritional supplements, and more in-store for your convenience and at reduced rates. Call us to make an appointment 213.4380900. Walk-ins will be limited to availability.
Make an appointment for:
-Physical exams
-Blood/urine/fecal parasite testing
-Vaccination counseling/testing/administration
-Second opinion/chronic disease management
-Vitamin/supplement therapy
-Acupuncture evaluation/planning


text:
It's domestic violence in general, which could be violence against either sex, but particularly women IMO.
Student or Learner
"Fighting violence against women, in Yiddish"
Under the title, "Stop hitting women and hitting in general," medical sources appeal to women arriving at the emergency room following recent acts of domestic or community violence, urging them not to remain silent and to try to uproot "the torturing of the soul."
More: Fighting violence against women, in Yiddish - Israel Jewish Scene, Ynetnews
Is "the torturing of the soul" a metaphor for domestic violence? They just mentioned women in the title, does that mean violence against women in general not just domestic violence?
It's domestic violence in general, which could be violence against either sex, but particularly women IMO.
You must be right, given the context, but I've never met "the torturing of the soul" with that sense - it's usually about mental cruelty - come to think of it, maybe it's referring to just that.
It's an odd usage, but in the context it struck me as being physical violence, which may be mentally cruel.


text:
Water Heaters
Pool and Spa Heaters
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Discontinued Solar Products
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Commercial Boilers
Residential Boilers
Indirect Plate and Frame Commercial Water Heater
Crest Condensing Boiler
FTXL Fire Tube Boiler
Knight XL
Outdoor Knight Boiler
Power-Fin Boiler
Copper Fin II Boiler
Copper Fin Commercial Gas Boiler
Copper Fin Atmospheric Boiler
Commercial Electric Compact Boilers
Commercial Electric Boilers
KNIGHT Fire Tube Boiler
Noble Fire Tube Combi Boiler
Noble Fire Tube Boiler
Epic Fire Tube Combi
Epic Fire Tube Boiler
Solution Heating Boiler
Squire Stainless Steel Buffer Tank
Hydronic Buffer Tanks
Commercial Water Heaters
Residential Water Heaters
Tankless Water Heaters
Indirect Plate and Frame Commercial Water Heater
Armor Condensing Water Heater
Armor X2 Condensing Water Heater
Armor Wall Mount
Outdoor Armor Condensing Water Heater
Power-Fin Water Heater
Copper-Fin II Water Heater
Shield Commercial Water Heater
35-50 Series
Copper-Fin Commercial Gas Water Heater
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Light Service Electric Water Heater
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Light Duty Charger
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Custom Hi-Power
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Standard Hi-Power Surface Thermostat Model
Commercial Heat Pump Electric
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35-50 Series Gas Water Heaters
Junior Electric
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Large Capacity & High Efficiency Gas
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CON·X·US Remote Connect
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Vanderbilt University Continues to Enhance Environmental Efficiency
Vanderbilt University Continues to Enhance Environmental Efficiency
Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, continues to demonstrate its commitment to sustainability as part of its SustainVU efforts, an ongoing program to improve the University's impact on the community and the environment. As part of these efforts, the Vanderbilt Plant Services team set out to replace the existing boiler system as part of an efficiency upgrade at its Crystal Terrace building on campus in October 2010.
Crystal Terrace is a nearly 110,000 square-foot multi-tenant building used by Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The facility houses multiple floors of offices as well as the Finance Department, Strategic Planning Department, Women's Health Services and the Space and Facilities Planning Department, which manages the planning and implementation of all major facility modifications on both Vanderbilt's Medical Center campus and off-site locations.
The Vanderbilt Plant Services team met with Lochinvar to discuss options for replacing the 25-year-old existing steel tube atmospheric boiler. Lochinvar recommended a front-end loading system, utilizing a 2 million Btu/hr CREST Condensing Boiler with up to 99 percent thermal efficiency, and a 1.3 million Btu/hr Power-Fin Boiler offering up to 87 percent thermal efficiency. This front-end loading setup would allow for lower upfront costs than installing two 99 percent efficiency boilers, while also producing lower fuel bills than offered by mid-efficiency equipment.
The Vanderbilt team agreed with this recommendation and chose to replace the existing boiler with the high-efficiency CREST (FBN2000) and Power-Fin (PBN1302) models.
Working with the Nashville-based mechanical contractor, Lee Company, the Plant Services group first had to remove the existing steel tube atmospheric boiler. Since the mechanical room is located on the top floor of the building and only occupies approximately a 10X14 square footprint, the team had to cut the boiler into pieces in order to remove it. Due to the location and size of the room, they used a crane to hoist the boilers onto the roof and cut a hole in the wall to allow the equipment to be put into place. Thanks to the compact design of Lochinvar boilers, a plant of 2.3 million Btu/hr boilers was able to be placed into the same footprint where a single smaller input boiler once resided.
Despite the complexity of getting the boilers into the mechanical room, the CREST Boiler's SMART TOUCH operating control simplified the rest of the installation. Utilizing CREST's built-in cascading sequencer, the two boilers are operating in a cascade sequence as a front-end loading system. The CREST carries the load approximately 80 percent of the time, and the Power-Fin is brought on during the coldest days to help meet the largest heating demands.
Since the installation, the Vanderbilt Plant Services team reports that the Crystal Terrace building has used an average of 23% less fuel per month in comparison to the old system.
"Vanderbilt has made sustainability a top priority in recent years, and we continue to work towards enhancing environmental efficiency on campus," stated Mike Gable, P.E., CEM, Office of Space and Facilities Planning. "As part of these efforts, we have installed high-efficiency boilers and water heaters in several buildings, including Crystal Terrace. We could not be more pleased with the performance of this technology and the significant energy savings we have achieved as a result of this upgrade."
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text:
How car ownership trends will pan out in the future
Disruptions are inevitable but the automobile is not going to disappear anytime soon
Shriram Housing Finance Ltd, vide its letter dated April 25, 2018, has informed BSE about Statement of Debt Securities/NCDs for the period ended March 2018, pursuant to SEBI Circular bearing reference no. CIR/IMD/DF-1/67/2017 dated June 30, 2017.
Pdf Link: Statement of Debt Securities/NCDs for period ended March 2018
Source : BSE - www.bseindia.com
Disruptions are inevitable but the automobile is not going to disappear anytime soon
With the Apterra AT2 tyre, off-roaders can now explore India's rich diversity
Bajaj resurrects iconic scooter brand for electric mobility
Bentley Motors is introducing a Blackline specification for the all-new Flying Spur — the British marque's ...
BL Research BureauThe stock of Zee Entertainment, one of the largest players in the entertainment industry, ...
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Long Sleeve Rouched Maternity Teeoh042
Product Details
If you like a form fit and no draping below the belly OceanLily's Long Sleeved Rouched Maternity V-neck Tee is for you. This Maternity Tank has 4-way stretch bamboo fabric that retains a lusturous color and is very flattering. The rouching on each side of the belly area lets the shirt grow with you and minimizes draping below the belly. The cut is a little longer than most and the length can be adjusted to ride from low on the back to below the hips. The V-neck is cut just right - not too high and not too low. Our models loved the way the bottom hem can be pulled low for hip coverage. Plus it stays in place so down dog and even inverted yoga poses are no sweat. You will need a bra with this shirt as the fabric is sheer and form fitting. The 6% spandex and rouching means you will wear it post partum. Our testers loved the simple yet elegant styling of this maternity tee and the super soft hand of the bamboo fabric. Wrinkles are no problem as they disappear as soon as you put it on.


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fishon necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 221 diseños de 24 diseñadores freelance.
MagnoGear. Our slogan is "Integrated Magnetics - Innovative Gear".
The company markets retail fishing apparel (T-Shirts, shorts, jackets, hats). We target the "Westcoast" sportfisherman (pacific ocean fishing). Products are innovative, cutting edge, high quality (high end) and fun.
A key feature is that we use MAGNETS in some of our products.
Ocean fishing enthusiasts (recreational and professional). Male, 20-40 years old. Products sold in Western US, Hawaii, Australia, and Baja California.
Logo should use company name and integrate a design associating company to fishing. For example you might use a fish shape or image (yellowfin tuna, albacore, dorado, marlin) that is an outline, is stylized, etc. or use a hook, but please be creative and think out of the box.
Logo should somehow associate or convey the thought of a MAGNET, a magnets properties, color or image in the design but not necessarily be the focus or most prominent feature.
Logo should signal quality, fun, innovation.
This will be used as the corporate logo for the company and be on its products and clothing.
Competition and company who has designs on their clothing that we like is http://www.pelagicgear.com
Absolutely no clip art or recycled designs should be used!
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Hey, boys and girls, does anyone remember the IDEA clubs? IDEA was short for Intelligent Design and Evolution Awareness, and the plan was that they'd form all these advocacy groups at universities all over the country, and from there, take over the world! It was going to be a REVOLUTION…one driven by dishonest, conservative Christians who wanted to roll back the progressive agenda and install a devout theocracy in its place.
The IDEA club is where Casey Luskin got his reputation as a diligent little gerbil for the cause. He was one of the founders of the model organization at UC San Diego, which is highlighted on the main IDEA Center club page. Amusingly, it's a dead link now.
Likewise, if you read the various blurbs on that site, there are ever-shifting numbers of these clubs around: they claim a high of 35 worldwide, and have a pull-down menu listing them all, but you will click in vain — it doesn't work, and the links go nowhere. Elsewhere, they say they've got 25 active clubs, but at the bottom of the page there are a collection of links to them…they've got 10. All of them lead to empty placeholder pages on the IDEA center site, except one, which futilely tries to take you to a defunct Geocities site.
It's a dismal and empty virtual ghost town. Visit it and listen carefully and you might hear the sad sighs of creationists long gone, and maybe occasionally the cackling, triumphant laughter of a rational human being passing by to gaze on the fading works of intelligent design, and gloat.
Meanwhile, the Secular Student Alliance has been booming, with 378 groups. The links actually work on their page.
Make the comparison. It's clear where the momentum lies.