text:
Ministers and senior officials from more than 20 countries joined government representatives, intergovernmental organisations and NGOs in Nairobi, to finalise the Nairobi Statement on Land and Water Management for Adaptation to Climate Change.
The meeting, chaired jointly by Ulla Pedersen Tørnæs, Minister for Development Cooperation for Denmark, and Achim Steiner, Executive Director of UNEP, was the culmination of a series of regional dialogues on climate change adaptation. In previous meetings in Copenhagen, Hanoi and Bamako, participants had identified what will be needed for vulnerable nations and communities to adapt to climate change. Based on the results of these dialogues, a set of draft Guiding Principles for Adaptation to Climate Change were developed and presented to the Nairobi conference.
The Guiding Principles were finalised after general agreement that expected increases in drought, floods, storms, melting glaciers and sea-level rise mean that climate change impacts will be felt mostly through water. "As a result," explained Torkil Jønch Clausen, advisor and managing director of DHI Water, "adaptation to climate change will have to focus on integrated water, land and coastal management."
There are 5 Guiding Principles, covering sustainable development, resilience, governance, information, economics and financing.
Mark Smith, Head of the IUCN Water Programme, explained that the guidance recognises that adaptation is vital to safeguard development while coping with future uncertainty. "Adaptation must aim to build resilience. This means making the countries and communities most vulnerable to climate change able to withstand futures with unforeseeable climate shocks."
There are practical dimensions to resilience that link the Guiding Principles. "Understanding what resilience means in practice will be vital to using the Principles to guide concrete action," said Smith. "Building resilience means ensuring diversity in nature and the economy and that ecosystem services are robust, because river basins are in good condition. It means building self organisation, with good water governance, and promoting learning, through better climate information and training."
As the conference closed, Minister Ulla Pedersen Tørnæs urged participants to promote the Nairobi Statement in international fora. It will have to deliver the message to the upcoming climate change negotiations in Copenhagen that water and land are key to adaptation. And it will have to, urgently, drive concrete actions to implement adaptation measures in the most vulnerable communities and nations.


text:
[Ed. note: I attended Secretary Clinton's speech on internet freedom on Thursday the 21st, which I thought was a good combination of principle, policy, and illustrative stories. Talking to people afterwards, the commonest question was "What did the Secretary commit the State Department to?" The text below is my attempt to answer that question.
I don't have any inside information about the particulars of the State department's plans; the text below is simply an abridged version of the speech, from which I removed everything except statements you could judge future actions of the State Department on. Stripped of it's context (and with my apologies to the speech writers), my read of the speech is that the success or failure of our internet freedom policy will come down to our ability to live up to the principles outlined below. -clay]
[Topic Sentence]
We stand for a single internet where all of humanity has equal access to knowledge and ideas.
[Internet freedom as an aspect of human rights]
We need to synchronize our technological progress with our principles. In accepting the Nobel Prize, President Obama spoke about the need to build a world in which peace rests on the inherent rights and dignities of every individual. And in my speech on human rights at Georgetown a few days later, I talked about how we must find ways to make human rights a reality. Today, we find an urgent need to protect these freedoms on the digital frontiers of the 21st century.
[Freedom of expression]
But the internet is a network that magnifies the power and potential of all others. And that's why we believe it's critical that its users are assured certain basic freedoms. Freedom of expression is first among them. This freedom is no longer defined solely by whether citizens can go into the town square and criticize their government without fear of retribution. Blogs, emails, social networks, and text messages have opened up new forums for exchanging ideas, and created new targets for censorship.
[Exceptions for incitement to violence; disapproval of hate speech]
Now, all societies recognize that free expression has its limits. We do not tolerate those who incite others to violence, such as the agents of al-Qaida who are, at this moment, using the internet to promote the mass murder of innocent people across the world. And hate speech that targets individuals on the basis of their race, religion, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation is reprehensible.
[Acknowledgment of hard cases, which are nevertheless subordinate to peaceful political uses]
And we must also grapple with the issue of anonymous speech. Those who use the internet to recruit terrorists or distribute stolen intellectual property cannot divorce their online actions from their real world identities. But these challenges must not become an excuse for governments to systematically violate the rights and privacy of those who use the internet for peaceful political purposes.
[Freedom of worship]
But the freedom of worship also speaks to the universal right to come together with those who share your values and vision for humanity. In our history, those gatherings often took place in churches, synagogues, mosques and temples. Today, they may also take place on line.
Now, just as these technologies must not be used to punish peaceful political speech, they must also not be used to persecute or silence religious minorities.
We must work to advance the freedom of worship online just as we do in other areas of life.
[International coordination on cybersecurity]
We need more tools to help law enforcement agencies cooperate across jurisdictions when criminal hackers and organized crime syndicates attack networks for financial gain. The same is true when social ills such as child pornography and the exploitation of trafficked women and girls online is there for the world to see and for those who exploit these people to make a profit. We applaud efforts such as the Council on Europe's Convention on Cybercrime that facilitate international cooperation in prosecuting such offenses. And we wish to redouble our efforts.
Countries or individuals that engage in cyber attacks should face consequences and international condemnation.
[Freedom to connect, likened to freedom of assembly]
The final freedom, one that was probably inherent in what both President and Mrs. Roosevelt thought about and wrote about all those years ago, is one that flows from the four I've already mentioned: the freedom to connect – the idea that governments should not prevent people from connecting to the internet, to websites, or to each other.
The freedom to connect is like the freedom of assembly, only in cyberspace.
[USG support for the broad goals]
The United States is committed to devoting the diplomatic, economic, and technological resources necessary to advance these freedoms.
[Support for dissidents; return to theme of human rights]
And I'm proud that the State Department is already working in more than 40 countries to help individuals silenced by oppressive governments. We are making this issue a priority at the United Nations as well, and we're including internet freedom as a component in the first resolution we introduced after returning to the United Nations Human Rights Council.
[USG funding research into freedom-supporting tools]
We are also supporting the development of new tools that enable citizens to exercise their rights of free expression by circumventing politically motivated censorship. We are providing funds to groups around the world to make sure that those tools get to the people who need them in local languages, and with the training they need to access the internet safely.
[USG support for the broad goals II]
Both the American people and nations that censor the internet should understand that our government is committed to helping promote internet freedom.
[USG funding research into freedom-supporting tools II]
That's why today I'm announcing that over the next year, we will work with partners in industry, academia, and nongovernmental organizations to establish a standing effort that will harness the power of connection technologies and apply them to our diplomatic goals. By relying on mobile phones, mapping applications, and other new tools, we can empower citizens and leverage our traditional diplomacy. We can address deficiencies in the current market for innovation.
And the State Department will be launching an innovation competition to give this work an immediate boost. We'll be asking Americans to send us their best ideas for applications and technologies that help break down language barriers, overcome illiteracy, connect people to the services and information they need.
[Pro-freedom agenda in the market]
Increasingly, U.S. companies are making the issue of internet and information freedom a greater consideration in their business decisions. I hope that their competitors and foreign governments will pay close attention to this trend.
And censorship should not be in any way accepted by any company from anywhere. And in America, American companies need to make a principled stand. This needs to be part of our national brand.
[Support for Global Internet Freedom Task Force]
Now, we are reinvigorating the Global Internet Freedom Task Force as a forum for addressing threats to internet freedom around the world, and we are urging U.S. media companies to take a proactive role in challenging foreign governments' demands for censorship and surveillance. The private sector has a shared responsibility to help safeguard free expression.
[February 2010 meeting with network services firms]
As part of our commitment to support responsible private sector engagement on information freedom, the State Department will be convening a high-level meeting next month co-chaired by Under Secretaries Robert Hormats and Maria Otero to bring together firms that provide network services for talks about internet freedom, because we want to have a partnership in addressing this 21st century challenge.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Description
Product HighlightsGalvanized steel is the result of applying a protective zinc coating to steel to prevent it from rusting. These galvanized sheets are easily welded, drilled, machined, sheared and formed, and are commonly used for skinning frames, truck Beds, tool boxes, trays, drip pans, ornamental works, etc.
California residents: see Proposition 65 Warning
- Specifications
Brand Majestic Galvanized Yes Gauge 16 GA Size 48" x 120"
To see the pricing of the equipment you need to be a licensed provider. Click here to become a licensed provider.


text:
David Kelsey necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 138 diseños de 34 diseñadores freelance.
Maverick Marketing Group
Hi, my name is David Kelsey. I am an actor http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0447037/, speaker and entrepreneur and CEO of Maverick Marketing Group.
I love good design, smart design. I collect contemporary art (http://www.blumandpoe.com) and my taste ranges from Florian
to Chiho
to Picasso and Monet. I love great photography. http://www.michaelsanville.com/
As a speaker, I have a entertaining and enlightening style that authentically delivers a message or lesson that inspires and motivates people to take action and be creative.
My company is a hub of creative expression and practical application, and always looking to promote those willing to make a difference.
Honesty, Integrity, Accuracy, Intelligence, Humor and Fun are all important.
We are speakers, trainers, marketers, programers and leaders creating informational products that help people acheive their best through business and personal development. We take on projects that make sense, from iphone apps to lead generation tools, google and facebook advertising training to text messaging marketing techniques. Creating brand awareness through social media and video.
We are targeting businesses, entrepreneurs and individuals that like to be associated with a more sophisticated brand that portrays competence, thought provoking yet subtle expression, effectiveness, great aesthetic, warmth and approachiblilty are important as well. One of our company's specialties is "Attraction Marketing" meaning that we provide so much value to the marketplace, customers are attracted to our message and become fans and purchase from us as we under promise and OVER deliver.
We want you to highlight the word:
We want you to do your thing here. As an artist, we want you to be authentic in your expression. We would rather direct you with words that inspire you to take action in the direction we are seeking.
You are the Visual Articulator
What if Sir Richard Branson created this ad to launch his new company, how would you perform knowing you will be at the lead designer of the next Billion dollar company?
Your LOGO will be used everywhere online and offline
Looking for a partnership for many projects . . .
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text:
Jammy_Moosa Guru the courtyard of shadows Wednesday 14/11/2012, 16:43
This is a guild for both New and Experienced players. All Player are accepted!!! Must remain active if under level 20, at least one battle a month!
Whether You are an active player everyday, or your just a casual player, you are welcome to join this Guild.
We are now level 18 and have over 200 members!!
We are once again accepting any and all members!!!
Come one come all, everyone has a shot at one day becoming an admin and of a champion in this guild, we are a fun filled guild that are down on hard times, and are looking to bolster once again, all the fun that we used to have!!
Go to our guild page and join now!!!
ArtemisBZ Titan BrainZtorm Thursday 15/11/2012, 06:30


text:
I am still lacking for something that resembles an audio tag editor for the console, which may be my own oversight, or it may be that such an animal doesn't exist.
In the mean time — the mean time until evolution produces one, or I discover that there has been one under my nose all this time — I have this exceedingly primitive substitute for editing the information in all the ogg files in a directory. I tried to squeeze it into one line, although I'm sure some of you professionals out there could condense it further.
for nam in *.ogg ; do vorbiscomment -l "$nam" -c "$nam".txt ; vim "$nam".txt ; vorbiscomment -w "$nam" -c "$nam".txt ; rm "$nam".txt ; done
You can substitute vim for whatever editor you prefer; the loop will skip through all the ogg files in a directory, allow you to edit their comment fields as you like, then write your changes back to the original file. The loop removes its text output, although you could trim that part in case you want to save it as a backup measure.
Next stop is to figure out how to read the fields and rename the file to a certain pattern. Hmm. … 😐


text:
This section provides guidance for writing client programs that
use the MySQL C API and threads. For examples of source code
that uses the thread-related C API calls, look in the
client directory of a MySQL source
The source for mysqlimport uses threading in the code associated with the
The source for mysqlslap uses threads to set up simultaneous workloads, to test server operation under high load.
The client library is almost thread-safe. The biggest problem is
that the subroutines in
that read from sockets are not interrupt-safe. This was done
with the thought that you might want to have your own alarm that
can break a long read to a server. If you install interrupt
handlers for the
SIGPIPE interrupt, socket
handling should be thread-safe.
To avoid aborting the program when a connection terminates,
MySQL blocks
SIGPIPE on the first call to
mysql_init(), or
mysql_connect(). To use your own
SIGPIPE handler, first call
mysql_library_init(), then
install your handler.
If "undefined symbol" errors occur when linking against the MySQL client library, the most likely cause is that you did not include the thread libraries on the link/compile command.
The client library is thread-safe per connection. You can let two threads share the same connection with the following caveats:
Multiple threads cannot send a query to the MySQL server at the same time on the same connection. In particular, you must ensure that between calls to
mysql_store_result()in one thread, no other thread uses the same connection. You must have a mutex lock around your pair of
mysql_store_result()calls. After
mysql_store_result()returns, the lock can be released and other threads may query the same connection.
If you use POSIX threads, you can use
pthread_mutex_unlock()to establish and release a mutex lock.
Multiple threads can access different result sets that are retrieved with
To use
mysql_use_result(), you must ensure that no other thread uses the same connection until the result set is closed. However, it really is best for threaded clients that share the same connection to use
You need to know the following if a thread did not create the connection to the MySQL database but is calling MySQL functions:
When you call
MySQL creates a thread-specific variable for the thread that is
used by the debug library (among other things). If you call a
MySQL function before the thread has called
mysql_init(), the thread does
not have the necessary thread-specific variables in place and
you are likely to end up with a core dump sooner or later. To
avoid problems, you must do the following:
mysql_library_init()before any other MySQL functions. It is not thread-safe, so call it before threads are created, or protect the call with a mutex.
Arrange for
mysql_thread_init()to be called early in the thread handler before calling any MySQL function. (If you call
mysql_init(), it calls
mysql_thread_init()for you.)
In the thread, call
mysql_thread_end()before calling
pthread_exit(). This frees the memory used by MySQL thread-specific variables.
The preceding notes regarding
mysql_init() also apply to
mysql_connect(), which calls


text:
President Obama's White House website recently unveiled a one-and-a-half-minute video, "Addressing the threat of Climate Change," (see video below) in which he underscores his commitment to enact energy policies that he says will help stem the damage to the planet that, supposedly, is being caused by man-made emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (GHGs).
A big problem for the president and others in the global warming choir is that even many of the most faithful voices in that choir are dropping out and starting to sing another tune. The British journal The Economist, one of the most revered opinion bellwethers of the chattering classes, has for years been a leading purveyor of the Al Gore-IPCC end-of-the-world fright peddling, when it comes to global warming. However, in a major about-face on June 20, "Climate change: A cooling consensus," The Economist takes writers at the New Republic and the Washington Post to task for admitting that the global warming projections predicted by the computer models have failed, while at the same time trying to spin the results in such as way as to maintain the urgency for enacting drastic (and very costly) climate policies.
"… the public has been systematically deceived." — The Economist
The Economist criticizes Nate Cohn at The New Republic and Brad Plumer at the Washington Post for clinging to support for policies that promise plenty of pain while offering no gain, especially since they acknowledge that time and reality have proven the predicted warming scenarios to have been false. The Economist piece notes:
Mr Cohn does his best to affirm that the urgent necessity of acting to retard warming has not abated, as does Brad Plumer of the Washington Post, as does this newspaper. But there's no way around the fact that this reprieve for the planet is bad news for proponents of policies, such as carbon taxes and emissions treaties, meant to slow warming by moderating the release of greenhouse gases. The reality is that the already meager prospects of these policies, in America at least, will be devastated if temperatures do fall outside the lower bound of the projections that environmentalists have used to create a panicked sense of emergency. Whether or not dramatic climate-policy interventions remain advisable, they will become harder, if not impossible, to sell to the public, which will feel, not unreasonably, that the scientific and media establishment has cried wolf.
Of course, the media and its selected "scientific" voices have indeed been crying wolf. And, The Economist points out, the supposed "scientific consensus" that has been touted as dogma for the past decade-plus has been shown to be a hollow and systematically deceptive façade:
As a rule, climate scientists were previously very confident that the planet would be warmer than it is by now, and no one knows for sure why it isn't. This isn't a crisis for climate science. This is just the way science goes. But it is a crisis for climate-policy advocates who based their arguments on the authority of scientific consensus. Mr Cohn eventually gets around to admitting that "In the end, the so-called scientific consensus on global warming doesn't look like much like consensus when scientists are struggling to explain the intricacies of the earth's climate system, or uttering the word 'uncertainty' with striking regularity."
The Economist article then drops a couple bombshells that echo charges that The New American has been making for nearly two decades concerning the global warming. The Economist states:
If this is true, then the public has been systematically deceived. As it has been presented to the public, the scientific consensus extended precisely to that which ... now seems to be in question: the sensitivity of global temperature to increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Indeed, if the consensus had been only that greenhouse gases have some warming effect, there would have been no obvious policy implications at all. [Emphasis in original.]
The Economist sums it up:
The moralising stridency of so many arguments for cap-and-trade, carbon taxes, and global emissions treaties was founded on the idea that there is a consensus about how much warming there would be if carbon emissions continue on trend. The rather heated debates we have had about the likely economic and social damage of carbon emissions have been based on that idea that there is something like a scientific consensus about the range of warming we can expect. If that consensus is now falling apart, as it seems it may be, that is, for good or ill, a very big deal. [Emphasis in original.]
Yes, the phony "consensus" is falling apart. In fact, as we have shown repeatedly (see links below) the claim of "scientific consensus" regarding global warming has been false from the start. Now this fraud is being acknowledged by some of the very news organs and opinionators that have previously propagated the "consensus" line. And we agree, in this case, with The Economist, that this is "a very big deal." Perhaps someone in the White House brain trust should apprise the president of this development before he channels Al Gore at Georgetown.
Photo of President Obama at top: screen-grab from the "Addressing the threat of Climate Change" video
Related articles:
Cooking Climate Consensus Data: "97% of Scientists Affirm AGW" Debunked
Global Warming "Consensus": Cooking the Books
Climate "Consensus" Con Game: Desperate Effort Before Release of UN Report
Climate-change Computer Models Fail Again — and Again, and Again


text:
Video of Winter Fashion Tips
Sugar Shout Out: Look Chic and Stay Warm With Fab's Video Tips!
- Winter fashion tips: look good while staying warm
- Before they were parents, they were "Friends": take our quiz!
- Wonderful wooden iPod accessories
- Easy cheesy appetizers perfect for NYE
- Lace up: sneaker review roundup
- What was Lady Gaga's wildest beauty look of 2010?
- 10 scandalous movie romances (that everyone loves!)
- Repurpose your holiday cards for charity
- How well have you been paying attention to 90210 this season?
- The year in Brad Pitt's beard!
- Everybody wants to know how much money Taylor Swift made this year
- Play all Pet's adorable faceoff games
- Video: stars share their biggest moments of 2010


text:
For the Tesla Gen III, what 100 new features would you like to imagine or see available ?
For the Tesla Gen III, what 100 new features would you like to imagine or see available ?
12)- Heads Up Display (speed and nav)
- Infra red display (night vision)
- Heated rear seats
- Vented seats
- Voice command interface
- Black alcantra headliner
- Ability to access car via computer to turn on heaters to warm up car
-Front and rear parking sensors
Tesla should do whatever it can to get a 200 mile range, with supercharging ability for $29,990 (after tax credits/incentives) on Gen III.
This would make Gen III a real game changer for the industry.
All other luxuries should be additional as options.
Like the idea of the colour changing Shield, Tesla should do something really unique so that people can immediately identify the brand...but it has to stay classy, not cheesy...there is a fine line there.
4WD with two or even four motors for performance. Other than that not many wishes, just a bit above average car with plenty of storage and quiet interior and 300+ mile max range at 75mph battery option.
The GenIII is to be a smaller, afordable car for the average car buyer. The target price is $30,000 (after rebate). All of your ideas will delay the roll out of the GenIII and reduce the volume sold. Neither atractive to us stock holders.
Your list maybe appropriate for the Model S 2.0 and 3.0 (also X), but the priority is:
Meet the demand for the S
Build out the super charger network
Roll out the X
Develope and roll out the GenIII
Then work on enhancements.
There is only time and money to do so much.
GenIII is actually a platform which is used to produce that affordable car. It is also platform to make next generation roadster. There will be many different models with that platform.
Competing in it own price tag... that is only thing that matters :-)
So I would like to see features that are cheap to produce in large quantity (since Gen III is heading for mass market), so it don't have big impact on price and yet they are interesting enough for common buyer.
Whether or not you are a shareholder if you are active on this forum you want to see Tesla succeed and thrive as a company, so my thoughts are to some extent similar to ghillair...
The first order of business is satisfying demand for the Model S and building out the Supercharging network to support and bolster sales, taking care of reservation holders and getting the time from ordering to delivery down to two months or less will take till around 3rd quarter 2013 in my guestimation.
After the queue of 'bespoke' cars lessens I think it wise to go after fleet sales (police cars, higher end taxis and rental cars and cars for government and corporate fleets). The economies of scale built by getting through the ~16,000 bespoke cars can translate to being able to turn a profit and still be able to offer fleet discounts. This volume (without a lot of complications of customisation) sold to larger customers is VERY important to stablising Tesla's financial outlook after 'burning though' its accumulated reservation holders. Thereafter building a small number of 'cars for the lot' (~5 - 10% of pre-sold production should be safe and practical) will satisfy impulse buyers and people that like the car but do not want to wait or see the need for a customised one.
With the Model S line moving smoothly in later 2013 focus should be shifted to readying the Model X production line, as it shares a lot with S this will likely be less stressing for TM than the Model S rollout. I am not a huge fan of the Model X itself but it will satisfy a different niche and add variety to the Tesla lineup and I think it will be a profitable product and worth doing even if they sell only 12,000 a year (the usual sequence, bespoke customers, fleets, then 5 to 10% more for the lot). In 2014 with S's readily available and the X line cranking though the bespoke queue the Gen III should be close to making history for Tesla and the EV world...
The time, lessons learned and economy of scale will make a model C, 'cheap' or 'compact' however you want to call it, possible. It can use mature Tesla technology to keep development costs down and a sticker price of 29.9k for the base model (200 mile range) would really be a game changer and cement TM's establishment as major automaker for everyone... A Model C should not have any of the new features mentioned by other posters, just what works and does not cost too much per car, no 'bells and whistles' but quality maintained... Sure is entry level, but will not tarnish Tesla's name with shoddy product. Model C should maintain what Tesla is about: quality, sporty, and electric but every man can have it, and start saving for a Model S or Model R (new roadster). For body style I think a Gen I type Ford Probe would make a good starting point (was the lowest drag co-efficient of its time, carries 5 people and still looks sleek) or a Dodge Daytona (not so expensive to produce but cool looking. Sleek body style is VERY important, Model C should NOT be a ugly duckling like a Leaf or a featureless blob like the Prius, it is a entry car to whet the public's appetite for higher end Models, Entry level does not have to mean ugly.
AFTER the Model C is up and running, (late 2014?) and proven that TM can make a successful mass market car, it is time to go back to Testa's roots and bring back the roadster... The Model R could have all the cool toys the others mention and be better than the original with the same price (due to better design, batteries advances and economy of scale). The Model R would be to the Model C as the Corvette is to the Camaro. From the Model R would spring the Super R - Same shape but packed with batteries and an over-sized electric motor - to be a Veyron killer - The fastest car on earth and pure electric... Likely can do a run of 500 Super Rs and charge 900k for it (Veyrons sold over 300 for 1.4 million, move over Bugatti, Tesla is taking the top spot!
Interesting idea, swapping shells. Not sure it would be practicable, but imagine changing your family sedan into a GenIII Roadster when the nest empties ...
A more common tire size would be nice.
Super charger access for DAMNED sure. Even if its an optional extra.
Heated steering wheel is a "nice to have" but expendable.
Don't need Model S stats, but better than ICE performance off the line would be awesome.
A way to power your house from it would exceptionally awesome, even if it leads to people having to choose between mobility or powered shelter.
Definitely needs a spare tire though. Model S can get away with not having one, but Gen III will need it for sure. My suggestion is dedicate the frunk for spare tire and easy access tools. You could still use it for storage as well, but maybe not to put the groceries in (use the trunk for that).
Rear USB, power hookups and cup holders would be nice too :)
Rear climate control as well.
300 mile range, super charger, very good looking, safe, comfortable, fast, and every goodie you can get on a high end auto.
Model C would be a strip down, so everyone can start driving a Tesla, no flashy expensive stuff but but cool styling comes standard so you will not be embarrassed to drive it but affordable (the 29.9k base model that could go 200 miles would be a doable goal) you could charge extra for anything else. Model R, S 2.0 and high trim X could have all the amenities like that heated steering wheel - sounds a bit odd to me but I guess some will like it (is it a spa or is it a car? Do you want the seats to give massages too? I want a holigram of a pretty geisha girl to whisper sweet nothings in my ear while I get my massage driving down I-95!!!). Super R would have all that yuppie stuff out the window to save on weight and be a pure electric speed machine - its mission to kill the prestige of the polluting noisy Veyron and prove to all, even gearheads, that ICE cars are history...
The supercharger option should be available on every model but to hit the 29.9k price target you may have charge a significant amount more for it. That way you can say Supercharging is a 'Telsa thing' and aspirant C drivers can chat with R drivers who have made it up the product ladder waiting at the chargers...
Wow Model S does not have a spare? BIG mistake! Potholes and nails are on roads EVERYWHERE... Even when I lived in mild climate CA I had blowouts and had to change the tyre. A Tesla may be superior in all other things but a tyre is a tyre and flats are a part of life... Are you going to need a tow every time you get a flat... SUPER DUMB!
I've had one flat tire in twenty years of driving. You just gotta know the roads :P
I drive on average 35k miles a year (would go up if I had a Tesla), I drive hard and love driving. I drive more freeway miles but live in an urban areas and on rare occasion drive on turf, dirt, beach and gravel roads. I sometimes drive up to pothole ridden NY and through industrial areas. I get flats/blowouts about once every 1.5 to 2 years on the car I happen to be driving (I own several). A spare is a must, better if they offer normally in stock type tyres - my Delorean uses oddball size tyres and it is very annoying...
A car is for exploring and not just for going in familiar places, so yeah I would not intentionally go down rocky dirt tracks with it but it has to be durable as a normal sedan...
In order to keep track of all suggestions and to plot them according to importance in different categories it might be an idea for someone to create a sheet in Google docs like Timdorr has done (in a fabulous way) for keeping track of reservations.
Example included: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/lvkey=0AqeF0BCgQY1TdC1WQk53Z0h0UEROR...
to keep everyone happy have an option for a spare in the frunk.
@Tesluthian, TL;DR, but did pay attention to this:
"If your worried about the cost of Gen III , suggest ideas to cut cost, like maybe a computer screen just a little bit smaller, could you live with a screen 12 inches by 12 inches ? "
I don't think you could actually save anything with smaller screen. These touch-screens are actually very cheap, and saves the money by giving single point of access to many features. Also it needs to be rather big to give useful enough UI that you can hit the right button when driving without too much distraction. Maybe 15 inch instead of 17, but I would put limit to that.
Cost savings need to come from interior and structural materials, interior options (not so fancy seats for example) and maybe from cheaper battery, PEM and motor.
from my topic post:
tweklak | DECEMBER 17, 2012
I just read a lot about the material Graphene, a high-quality derivative of graphite that is revolutionizing a slew of products. What caught my eye especially and regarding electric cars in general was this quote:
"Engineers at Northwest University found that specially crafted graphene electrodes could allow a lithium-ion battery – like those found in your smartphone or Chevy Volt – to charge 10 times faster and hold 10 times more power."
I'd love to hear from Tesla on this....they make an extraordinary car and this improvement could give it a quantum leap forward in my opinion to help overcome gas/combustion dominance.
San Diego
Either start direct R&D on graphene thechnology for application on next generation batteries, or start working with companies that have gained experience in the development and manufacture of new graphene batteries. I think this technology, in conjuction with a nation wide supercharger network, would allow Tesla to finally put to rest for good the range issue "stigma" that electric cars have.
Keep in mind feeding that much power into the battery that fast requires special sources and connectors. Doubt if it could be adapted for home use.
Induction Charging.Or induction charging ready
Hmm and 4 wheel drive (electric motor in the wheels)
I would like the pano roof to be more transparent most of the time. VolkerBerlin posted about Mercedes' magic sky technology and it seems very doable for Tesla.
"Engineers at Northwest University found that specially crafted graphene electrodes could allow a lithium-ion battery – like those found in your smartphone or Chevy Volt – to charge 10 times faster and hold 10 times more power."
I'd love to hear from Tesla on this....they make an extraordinary car and this improvement could give it a quantum leap forward in my opinion to help overcome gas/combustion dominance.
San Diego
Also, it would be nice if this cost less than 10X current batteries; i.e., $/kWh the same or less. Weight reduction is also a benefit, of course, and would enhance range all on its own...
Did they mention recharge cyles? The battery has to live long enough to justify its existence!
Aside from the quibbles, the prospect of a 2000-mile pack is enticing! But if you ran such a battery down, it would take all night on a SuperCharger to refill!!
Not tea bags! Not sure about the Transformer Pickup, but who knows? And with the demographic Baby Boom Bulge now hitting retirement age, the Golfer focus sounds like a winner.
I'd like it to be simple, safe, reliable, fast, quiet, with great range, and exceptional looks.
I don't want fancy electronics (if it was up to me the dash would be analog), certainly no fancier than the Model S.
Having said that, advanced safety features are always welcome, as are energy savers such as vented seats.
I would also like to see, for all of Tesla, detailed material life-cycle information and tracking, starting with major components and eventually the whole car. That is, the company should gradually migrate to a cradle to cradle, closed cycle manufacturing model.
This would be truly advanced, gizmos are just sugar coating we all get tired of after the first few thousand miles.
And one more thing...
I think the center panel screen should swivel slightly. On the Model S it is tilted towards the driver some 10 degrees, but I think it should be possible for the screen to be tilted in the other direction as well, to facilitate use by the passenger.
So the driver can focus on driving while the passenger uses the Web or whatever to find a movie or restaurant or simply browse.
It would have three stops: driver, center, and passenger.
From my perspective the GenIII/ Bluestar/ "people car" is what the original Saturn should have been. (or rather, what I was expecting in a "different kind of company/different kind of car").
a) It should have lots of cup holders. (because people like to put a drink down.)
b) It should communicate like a 21st century automobile. It should talk to your house (wifi) and it should talk to your phone (bluetooth), but with subtle but effective advances. (such as options to display weather, news, social networking updates when you get in the car)
c) Head up display / Infrared vision / auto-drive type modes. These have been mentioned before and should be options for a 21st century vehicle. (and auto-drive is the adaptable cruise control, or even self-drive technology coming)
d) "borrow" electricity reducing technology, (as mentioned before) heated/cooled seats, Mercedes' SkyActive roof, Solar Panel roof to run climate controls, AirScarf tech for convertible.
e) (and getting more out there) - seats that turn for easy in/out. for a two-door coupe, add the third (and fourth?) mini swing doors, or just have full gull-wing.
f) Aim for 5 star safety, and add multiple exterior cameras to prevent crashes / parking guides/ replace review mirrors.
g) include screens on the rearview mirror area/build review camera screens into top of cockpit area / sun visor.
h) Use a type of window tinting technology on the windshield combined with driver observation to dim the setting sun. This would dim exactly the area of the windshield where the driver sees the sun. (driver observation similar to the technology that senses driver sleepiness by blinks and head nods)
i) Car personality. Yep, talking cars. They talk for GPS, so why not a conversational way to set windows, radio, climate, or to just ask the car how it's doing. (Think Jarvis from the Ironman movies, or even Siri on Apple).
j) Massaging chairs. Sure sure, you can buy an after-market one, but I want this car to take good care of me, be the ultimate driving machine, pride of the fleet.
i) adjusting colors on the outside. Start with the two-tones that you see (viewed as purple straight ahead, or green if the sun hits it right), or the color changes with brightness (gold in the day, black at night), or full on full spectrum color with tiny fiberoptics covering the car (or other method). Sure, it would the fiberoptics would be an energy drain, but each future enhancement would have challenges to overcome.
What SHOULD cars be in 20 years? in 50 years? It may not be doable today, but thank you for this forum which can bring the future thoughts to fruition sooner than later.
(and yes, I borrowed other companies' taglines, copyrighted and/or branded items in this post)
Keep in mind the GenIII is to be a cheaper family car. Cutting-edge tech is not cheap to develop or implement.
Forget the Solar Roof. For its cost, you could add many kWh battery capacity. Very poor value per dollar.
A Supersport AWD Version of the Model S. Dual Motors? 125 kWh battery for 0-60 in under 3 seconds and a top speed of 160 MPH.
400 Mile Range. I'll trade "top-end" for Distance without thinking twice. You don't need to beat Bugatti. Who cares about Bugatti? Just make a Model S that carries everyone comfortably and is faster, quicker, and handles better than a 2014 Corvette. (handling better than a Corvette? Well...the center of gravity is real low...but maybe that's a bit of a reach? But certainly an AWD "Model SS" (Supersport) that is under 3 seconds is very possible. As for 160 MPH? Well, I'd rather have 200 Mph, but I know there are tradeoffs, and I REALLY want a 400 Mile Range. Oh...and "something" (?wheels?) that tells the viewer that this is an SS. Badging? Badging is always fun...
Model SS "Sport Tuned Suspension", with "Regular", "Sport", "Track" and "Velcro" settings.
From Tesla Gear:
The "Go-Juicer"
A "portable" (carry in your trunk) Ultra Heavy Duty Device that splits into two parts:
Part "A" plugs into the female part of the car, and has a wireless receiver that synchronizes to (remote) Part "B".
Part "b' plugs into either a 110 or a 220 Volt outlet, and then, you just "Sync" the two, to transmit wirelessly for charging. (Welcome to the 21st Century version of "Gas Siphoning"!)
I like the $6000 Handling kit on the Roadster....Tesla should offer something similar for the regular Model S. The Model S handles GREAT, but seriously, let's tune it for the aftermarket...now that idea has "legs".
All vehicles plumbed for Laser Detectors and Jammers. Now, I know that Jammers are illegal...so just plumb the cars for it, and "under the table" refer us to the right place. (yep)
Tesla Branded Luggage > I suggest getting it from Saddleback Leather Company. They have the absolute BEST Leather Luggage in the world. Their motto is "They'll fight over it when you are dead". I do not work there, but I am a very loyal customer. Their stuff is AWESOME, and has a 100 Year Warranty. The stuff is indestructable.
You have the best car, but your shirts need work. Think "high-end" golf shirts. Tesla "unlimited power"
Just a random thought: You know those Highway Patrol electric guns that they fire onto some cars in some states to immediately short-circuit speeding cars so they just go dead and roll to a stop? I hope you have figured out that IF they fire one of those gizmos onto a tesla, it won't permanently fry the car.
A box with a plug. Owners keep plugged in it at home, or store it in the trunk. It is actually a portable 10 kWh Battery setup. If you are on the road and in the middle of "nowhere", you can just plug it into the main battery and your Tesla will go for another 35 miles?
You know the tesla coil that shoots out the purple sparks at night like an electrical storm gone crazy? When a Tesla owner drives by a gas station: It would be kind of fun to be able to push a button and it sends a few sparks to piss off the guys at the pump who are tired of paying $4 a gallon (ok, that may be stupid...I'm getting tired, goodnight.)
Honestly, rather than a bazillion options, I'd just like more standard equipment.
In the price category of the BlueStar, things like keyless entry and a moonroof are standard. As such, I hope that Tesla eventually makes the the Pano roof and the Tech Package as standard on all their vehicles.
Add to that, by 2015, I'd like to see them drop the 40KWh battery pack and go to 50, 75 and 100 as standard. The 75KWh and 100KWh battery packs would yield EPA rated ranges of 250 and 300miles respectively. The 50KWh and 75KWh battery packs would yield 200 miles and 300 miles of EPA rated range, respectively, on the Bluestar.
Beyond that, options I'd like to see:
1) Heads up display/augmented reality display. Helps to not take eyes off the road.
2) Driver assist technologies (lane departure warning, adaptive cruise control, park assist)
3) Memory for seats
4) Ability for car to access WiFi on the go so it can run on a smartphone's hotspot.
Particularly like the chair ideas.
Edit: You're clearly obsessed with E-lectricity. The "E's" are trying to take over:
"Invester Larry Page of Google: " You should come up wirh [with] some crazy ideas and try to develope them"
Simple; The range capabilities of the 85kw Model S at a Max. 30K price point with a reasonable compliment of "standard equipment" for comparable class ICE's around the same price point of 30K TOPS!
I believe the GenIII will be $30K like the MS is $60K: before options. Expect a loaded GenIII to reach $50K. It is the next larger tier of the marketplace, but is not "economy", though a Teslarumors.com/teslanomics style analysis of TCO would likely put it in competition with some, over 5-10 years.
Maybe there will be a GenIV, also with 200-400 mile range. And maybe the majors will have clued in by then.
The current Supercharger business model does not use sponsors, or require them. Chargers are cheap, having hit the "economy of scale) threshold Elon speaks of, and Solar City handles the electricty swaps with the utilities. Further, the analysis showed that 100-200 stations made most long range routes available. The Seeking Alpha analysis covered every major highway in the country, which is unnecessary.
The additional market available with an expensive 100K car would not justify the use of expensive batteries. But their are developments in the pipeline which could achieve that, at reduced cost. It should be known in 3-5 yrs if they be feasible for mass manufacture; some may even be available, as they do not require new plant or chemistry. (The "banding" design, e.g.)
typo: "economies of scale" threshold ...


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By GuruPrem Singh Khalsa
That was number thirty-four for me, that is, consecutive Summer Solstices. Wow! So many. What sets this year apart from the prior thirty-three? First of all, coming annually to Summer Solstice is a lot like a long term marriage. Having been married for 22 consecutive years gives me some perspective on both. I have remained in a committed relationship to the same person and the same annual Summer Solstice. What keeps me successful in both relationships? Every year, I attend to Summer Solstice for the known and the unknown experiences. This dance of the expected and unexpected sustains my interest and feeds my commitment, both with Summer Solstice and my marriage.
The Subtle Art of Listening
For about the last thirty years, I have served on the Sound Current Team at Solstice, which consists of about thirty-five people working together as a team to deliver the actual sound current to the many class and event venues. After so many years, I still come to honor this seva, arriving each year at the sound booth with an open heart and hopefully open mind to do this seva. I love the reunion with my annual sound current friends. Each year I renew my ongoing discussions of our Dharmic life with Hari Singh, the head sevadar of the Sound Current Team, and the more we learn about each other, the more were learn about all of us. Each year brings a new crop of "mic-adars," our affectionate term for people brand new to this special seva. The Sound Current Team is truly an apprentice program for those interested all things audio.
On the surface, this past Summer Solstice seemed like many others before it—setting up the microphones, speakers, TV's and dealing with the various audio problems and challenges that always occur. What keeps things fresh in any relationship is learning to experience new things from familiar things. Repetition can remain fresh if you can gain a deeper experience from the subtle. The Sound Current Team requires the ability to listen on many levels. This skill has served me well in every area of my life. We all want to be heard but few really know the art of listening.
The new music released for this year's Solstice included many classic mantras played and sung in wonderful new ways. Even the CD I released, Heal Me, had some of the old, done anew. To me, this is a good example of experiencing the thrill of the subtle. I am listening with a newly uncovered layer of myself.
Attitude Adjustment
If the focus was to be on the etheric, then I would have to adjust my expectations. Taken as a whole, it is a weeklong giant group sadhana—asadhana that we were privileged to practice together with 2,500 people. Each face, familiar or not, gets the same greeting, "Sat Nam" - soul to soul, two and a half thousand variations on a sacred relationship with the formless. I go to Solstice to reconnect with my soul mates of destiny. New faces, old faces—the essence of the Sat Nam is the same. The changeless, formless God of Truth connecting our changing forms. I go to Summer Solstice every year expecting changes in the Solstice and myself. These changes can be surprising, like the improvements to the site itself—the expanded Tantric shelter. More subtlely, there were slightly different decorations, the dinner lettuce became a salad, and almond milk was served with the Yogi Tea as a new offering. And what about Guru Singh's wake up? His voice was reassuringly familiar, but the "band" was a bit different—new voices, new instruments.
Meeting the Challenges of Solstice
This year Summer Solstice spoke from the ethers and my listening was challenged, my relationship tested. Summer Solstice 2012 celebrating the Ether element, the subtle, made its presence known in some seemingly non-etheric ways. This provided environments that were at times harsh, but I learned to be more subtle from things that were not subtle. It was hotter and more crowded, and remaining calm and graceful put many, including myself, to the test.
We experienced audio difficulties that should have been simple fixes but were not. I found myself saying, "I can't fix this problem, Guru you do it, make theses microphones work." Ultimately all the audio problems we faced were solved.
Then there was the White Tantric Yoga. This year being a veteran didn't seem to help. When my arms hurt I would pray, "Guruji, hold up my arms," and they were held.
When the wind nearly blew our tent down keeping me awake all night with the noise and concern, a prayer from my heart to the ethers asked the Guru to please get me through this night, and I got through it.
After a hot and dusty day when my only thought was a shower, I found the showers not working! That was the moment when my misery meter started rising high, and I thought briefly about ending my faithful relationship to Summer Solstice. Instead something spoke to me from the ethers and I was reminded of the power and protection of the covenant I made with my commitment to annually attend Summer Solstice. I came to realize that missing a shower was a blessing so the dust of Ram Dass Puri could remain a bit longer, allowing a deeper healing.
People have been coming to this sacred land for thousands of years to experience something timeless and immortal. My annual pilgrimage to this sacred land has enabled me to better experience the timeless, formless truth of my own soul. This experience helps me to sustain and nurture my other commitments year after year. In other words I have a covenant with Ram Dass Puri and the Summer Solstice Sadhana, which I attend every year to serve, honor and enjoy, and every year the energy and experience I have from this practice carries me through my other challenges and commitments.
So when I am asked "How was Summer Solstice?" It was, as it has always been—Great!
P.S. For many of us, summer may be a financially, familial or mentally challenging time. Here is a meditation to do that will allow us to listen, prosper and project unto Victory from whatever we are challenged by:
Lotus Prayer for Prosperity & Projection unto Victory https://www.3ho.org/articles/lotus-prayer-prosperity-projection-unto-victory


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Lance Armstrong has reportedly apologized to the Livestrong staff before doing his interview with Oprah today, according to the AP.
Armstrong did NOT directly confess to using PEDs, however, a source told the AP that Armstrong said "I'm sorry" to the Livestrong staff and choked up several times.
Armstrong apologized for "putting the Livestrong foundation at risk" and for "letting the staff down."
The interview will be taped today in Austin, and will air on Oprah's OWN Thursday night.
More from Neal Karlinsky of ABC:
Lance Armstrong addressed 100 Livestrong staff in person. Room filled w/ tears. Apologized & took responsibility for damage he caused them.— Neal Karlinsky (@NealKarlinsky) January 14, 2013


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Mariah Carey hates her birthday so much, she calls it her "anniversary." But the 43-year-old singer, who celebrated her "anniversary" on Wednesday, seems proud of the way she's handling the aging process, sharing an Instagram photo of herself without makeup.
"Love to all the lambily!!! #WWLD," Carey captioned the photo, in which she's holding a stuffed lamb -- a nod to her affectionate nickname for her fans.
Carey also tweeted a photo of herself with husband Nick Cannon, 32, dressed up and heading out for the night.
Thanks for the best anniversary and wwld in all the land!!!! Us before the helicopter hair twitter.com/MariahCarey/st…— Mariah Carey (@MariahCarey) March 28, 2013


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Friday, October 31, 2014
Genetic continuity and shifts across the metal ages in the Carpathian Basin: analysis of ancient Hungarian genomes CO1, BR1 and IR1
The recent Gamba at el. paper on the genetic prehistory of the Great Hungarian Plain was an excellent piece of paleogenomic detective work. However, I feel that the authors could have done a little better with characterizing the genetic origins of their samples.
For instance, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) appears to suffer from subtle projection bias, which is a common problem in ancient DNA studies (see here). Also, the model-based analyses, like the ADMIXTURE run, leave me wanting a lot more.
However, all of the samples are freely available online, including in user friendly genotype format at Genetic Genealogy Tools. So I thought it might be useful to take a closer look at three of the genomes, spanning a 2,000-year period from the Copper Age to the Iron Age: CO1, BR1 and IR1.
The metal ages are a critical period of prehistory and early history in the making of modern Europe. It's a time of profound cultural changes, and as we now know, large-scale genetic shifts across the continent (see here). Indeed, the three aforementioned genomes clearly show that major genetic shifts took place on the Great Hungarian Plain from the Copper Age to the Iron Age. However, they also suggest strong genetic continuity in the region throughout this period.
CO1, the Copper Age genome from a Baden Culture burial, appears ridiculously Western European, and could easily pass for a present-day Sardinian in most analyses, even though it's most likely of Balkan and Near Eastern origin. It's very similar in that respect to another Copper Age sample, Oetzi the Iceman from the Tyrolean Alps.
One of the main reasons for this Sardinian-like genetic character is certainly its very low level of Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) admixture, probably much less than five per cent. Almost everyone in West Eurasia has more these days, so they appear a lot more eastern.
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;CO1,Test) - Eurogenes dataset
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;CO1,Test) - Human Origins dataset
Eurogenes K15 4 Ancestors Oracle results
BR1 represents the Early Bronze Age (EBA) Mako Culture. It looks roughly like a cross between CO1 and someone from northeastern Europe with an unusually high level of hunter-gatherer ancestry, and also a fair whack of ANE. Indeed, after running a variety of tests, I'd say that BR1 has around 12% of ANE (in other words, more than Basques but less than British, which fits with its position on the West Eurasian PCA).
So as far as I can see, the most parsimonious explanation for this result is a population movement into present-day Hungary from the northeast during the EBA, perhaps associated with the early Indo-Europeans and the not-so-pleasant effects of the 4.2 kiloyear event (see here).
Interestingly, the 4A Oracle suggests that BR1 might in large part be a mixture of CO1 and KO1, which is another sample from Gamba et al., assigned to the Koros Culture of early Neolithic Balkan farmers, but with typically hunter-gatherer genetic structure. This opens up the possibility that people with unusually high levels of hunter-gatherer ancestry lived on the Great Hungarian Plain throughout the Neolithic, and the sampling by Gamba et al. was too patchy to find them.
However, it's not possible to get a genome like BR1 simply by mixing CO1 with KO1, because the hunter-gatherer-like sample is not eastern enough. In other words, it lacks ANE. I know this just by eyeballing a couple of PCA, featuring KO1 and Motala12, a Scandinavian sample estimated by Lazaridis et al. to have a ratio of ~19% ANE (see here and here).
So there might well have been a resurgence in local hunter-gatherer DNA on the Great Hungarian Plain, and perhaps throughout much of Central Europe, after the Neolithic. Nevertheless, in my opinion this alone cannot explain the results in this case.
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;BR1,Test) - Eurogenes dataset
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;BR1,Test) - Human Origins dataset
Eurogenes K15 4 Ancestors Oracle results
IR1, the Iron Age genome, is clearly mixed. In some ways, much like CO1 and BR1, it's also deceptively similar to present-day Western Europeans, which suggests that it's in large part of local origin. However, its uniparental markers (Y-haplogroup N-M231 and mitochondrial haplogroup G2a1) actually fit better in Siberia than anywhere in Europe, and its genome-wide DNA shows influences from the North Caucasus and Volga-Ural regions (refer to the 4A Oracle results below).
Because of its complex ancestry, I can't accurately estimate the level of ANE admixture in this genome. Nevertheless, the PCA and Eurogenes K15 suggest that it easily surpasses BR1 in this respect. Note, for instance, its position among the Kargopol Russians and North Ossetians on the global PCA plot, as well as its high Eastern Euro score in the Eurogenes K15.
What I think this hints at is that the present levels of ANE across Europe aren't the result of a single early Indo-European migration, but multiple population movements around the continent spanning the entire metal ages, although usually involving Indo-European groups, and the effects of isolation-by-distance.
By the way, IR1 comes from a burial site of the Mezocsat Culture, which is generally accepted to be of Cimmerian origin. The Cimmerians are usually described as a nomadic Indo-European people from the Kuban steppe, just north of the Caucasus, who were pushed west by the expanding Scythians. Apparently, they founded a variety of cultures in the Carpathian Basin and Balkans by imposing themselves as the ruling elite over the locals. It's remarkable how closely IR1's genetic structure fits this narrative.
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;IR1,Test) - Eurogenes dataset
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;IR1,Test) - Human Origins dataset
Eurogenes K15 4 Ancestors Oracle results
Also, here's a really cool map of Identity-by-Descent (IBD) hits of over 3 cM shared between IR1 and a wide range of present-day populations. It comes from a recent post at Vadim's blog (see here). The shared IBD peaks are found in East Central Europe and the Volga-Ural region, which makes sense.
Sunday, October 26, 2014
Hinxton ancient genomes roundup
Most visitors here are probably aware by now that the Iron Age genomes from Hinxton are the two male samples 1 and 4 (ERS389795 and ERS389798, respectively). You can find confirmation of this at the link below.
The researchers were surprised to find that the older Iron Age men were genetically more similar to people living in Britain today than the Anglo-Saxon women were. Stephan Schiffels of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute reported the results October 20 at the annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics.
"It doesn't look like these Anglo-Saxon immigrants left a big impact on the genetic makeup of modern-day Britain," Schiffels said.
The finding raises an intriguing possibility that indigenous people in Britain may have repelled the Anglo-Saxons but adopted the invaders' language and culture, says Eimear Kenny, a population geneticist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, who was not involved in the work. More ancient samples from other times and parts of Britain should give a clearer picture of that episode of history, she said.
Anglo-Saxons left language, but maybe not genes to modern Britons
In regards to the main thrust of the article above, I'm not sure if there's much point discussing whether the British today are mostly of Celtic or Anglo-Saxon stock based on just five ancient genomes from a single location in England. However, if I was told that Hinxton4, the only high coverage genome in this collection, was a modern sample, I'd say it belonged to an Irishman from western Ireland, rather than an Englishman from eastern England.
Thus, unless Hinxton4 was an ancient migrant from Ireland, then it does seem to me as if there was a fairly significant admixture event in England between the indigenous Irish-like Celts and newcomers from the east, which eventually resulted in the present-day English population.
In any case, there are indeed some noticeable differences between the two sets of samples, and these can be visualized by plotting their f3 shared drift statistics.
For instance, plotting the f3-statistics of Hinxton2, which actually looks like the genome of someone straight off the boat from the Jutland Peninsula, against those of Hinxtons 1 and 4, we see that the former shares most drift with the Danes. Moreover, the Danes, Swedes and Germans, all Germanic-speakers of course, deviate strongly on both graphs from the lines of slope that run from the Erzya to the Irish. The reason they deviate from these lines is because they don't share enough drift with Hinxtons 1 and 4 compared to the other reference populations from Northwestern Europe, especially the Irish.
A similar pattern can be seen when plotting the average results of Hinxtons 1 and 4 against those of 2, 3 and 5. However, the effect isn't nearly as pronounced, possibly because Hinxtons 3 and 5 are of mixed Celtic/Germanic origin.
See also...
Analysis of an ancient genome from Hinxton
Analysis of Hinxton2 - ERS389796
Analysis of Hinxton3 - ERS389797
Analysis of Hinxton4 - ERS389798
Analysis of Hinxton5 - ERS389799
Friday, October 24, 2014
Analysis of Hinxton5 - ERS389799
Hinxton5, or ERS389799, is one of five ancient English genomes stored at the Sequence Read Archive under accession number ERP003900. However, this analysis is based on the genotype file of Hinxton5 available at Genetic Genealogy Tools. For more information and some speculation about these genomes see my earlier blog post here.
Despite its relatively low North Sea score in the Eurogenes K15, and pronounced western shift on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plots, this genome appears mostly Germanic. In my opinion, the shared drift stats and also oracle results are quite convincing in this regard. If this were a modern sample it could probably pass for 3/4 north Dutch and 1/4 Irish. By the way, the Sub-Saharan admixture just looks like noise; this is, after all, a low coverage genome.
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton5,Test) - Eurogenes dataset
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton5,Test) - Human Origins dataset
Eurogenes K15 4 Ancestors Oracle results
See also...
Analysis of Hinxton2 - ERS389796
Analysis of Hinxton3 - ERS389797
Analysis of Hinxton4 - ERS389798
Hinxton ancient genomes roundup
Wednesday, October 22, 2014
Ust'-Ishim belongs to K-M526
Not long ago I predicted that Ust'-Ishim belonged to a basal form of Y-chromosome haplogroup P (see here). As it turns out, the 45,000 year-old western Siberian genome belongs to K(xLT) or K-M526, which is actually pretty close to my guess. The Ust'-Ishim paper was published today and is behind a paywall here, but the extensive supp info is free.
Here's a map to help visualize the information, featuring Ust'-Ishim as well as Mal'ta boy, another North Eurasian Upper Paleolithic genome published recently.
The Ust'-Ishim genome was sequenced from the fossil of a femur bone found on the right bank of the Irtysh River. This area is very close to the Urals, and almost in the middle of the former Mammoth steppe that once stretched across North Eurasia from Iberia to Alaska. Interestingly, M526 is an ancestral mutation to the markers that define Y-chromosome haplogroups N, Q and R, which possibly dominated North Eurasia since the Upper Paleolithic (note that the 24,000 year-old Mal'ta boy belongs to a basal form of R).
Moreover, R1a and R1b are the most frequent haplogroups in Europe today. Thus, it would seem that most European males derive their paternal ancestry from North Eurasian hunter-gatherers whose ancestors spread out across Eurasia from the Middle East over 45,000 years ago.
I know that a lot of people have been arguing recently that K-M526 and the derived P-M45 originated and diversified in Southeast Asia, and then migrated north well within the last 45,000 years (for instance, see here). However, considering that K-M526 was already in reindeer country 45,000 years ago, as well as the Denisovan (ancient Siberian hominin) admixture among Southeast Asians, that might well turn out to be the equivalent of arguing that up is down and down is up.
By the way, Ust'-Ishim also belongs to pan-Eurasian mitochondrial (mtDNA) haplogroup R*, and in terms of genome-wide genetic structure appears roughly intermediate between West and East Eurasians. These outcomes fit very nicely with its Y-haplogroup.
However, it's slightly closer to Mesolithic Iberian genome La Brana-1, Upper Paleolithic Siberian MA-1 (or Mal'ta boy), and present-day East Asians, than to present-day West Eurasians, including Europeans. That's because it lacks "ancestry from a population that did not participate in the initial dispersals of modern humans into Europe and Asia". This is obviously the so called Basal Eurasian admixture discussed in Lazaridis et al. (see here), which is probably associated with early Neolithic farmers.
Also worth mentioning is that Ust'-Ishim harbors longer stretches of Neanderthal chromosomal segments than present-day Eurasians, which suggests that admixture between modern humans and Neanderthals took place in the Middle East not long before the ancestors of Ust-Ishim moved into Siberia (50-60,000 years ago). But this was already covered months ago, and you'll find lots of links on the topic on Google.
Qiaomei Fu et al., Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia, Nature 514, 445–449 (23 October 2014) doi:10.1038/nature13810
See also...
Y-haplogroup P1 in Pleistocene Siberia (Sikora et al. 2018 preprint)
Tuesday, October 21, 2014
Ancient genomes from the Great Hungarian Plain
This open access paper on the genetic prehistory of the Great Hungarian Plain is full of surprises. Here are a few of my observations:
- Four of the genomes from a Neolithic farming context produced two Y-haplogroups previously identified in Mesolithic European hunter-gatherers (I2a and C6), and one of the samples (KO1) could probably pass for a Mesolithic hunter-gatherer overall, suggesting that males of hunter-gatherer origin played a major role in early European Neolithic societies. But what's happened to the C6 since then?
- The two Bronze Age genomes, BR1 and BR2, look very present-day French, and probably western French at that, in both the Principal Component and Admixture analyses. Indeed, they clearly show a northern influence relative to all of the Neolithic farmers and the Iron Age IR1. And yet, BR2 belongs to Y-haplogroup J2a1, which is generally seen as a Near Eastern marker.
- IR1 is described as a pre-Scythian genome with both East Eurasian and North Caucasian affinities
(it's not clear in the paper whether it belongs to Y-haplogroup N and mtDNA G2a1, or vice versa, although either way works in this context). However, it also shows significant Northern European-like ancestry, and is even inferred to have fair hair, which makes me think that its eastern shift might be in large part due to Eastern Hunter-Gatherer (EHG) or Yamnaya-related admixture, which is now pervasive across Northern Europe (see here).
- Many people, including myself nowadays, see the Carpathian Basin as potentially a major staging point for the expansion of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b into Central and Western Europe during the Bronze Age. And yet, it's again missing from the line-up.
- The T allele at SNP rs4988235, associated with lactase persistence into adulthood in Europeans, is only present among the two most recent genomes: BR2 and IR1. This suggests that selection for this allele, which now reaches frequencies of well over 50% in much of Europe, post dates not only the Neolithic but also the early Indo-European period, and was possibly most intense during the metal ages.
- Some of the Neolithic samples are clearly shifted towards the Bedouins (Bed) in Figure 2, relative to Oetzi the Iceman, a Copper Age genome from the Tyrolean Alps, which is generally considered to be typical of European Neolithic farmers (see below). So perhaps further sampling of Neolithic remains from southern Europe, in particular the southern Balkans, might reveal early farmers who actually cluster with Near Eastern populations, rather than Europeans?
- The authors found a sweetspot for extracting ancient DNA from humans: "the petrous portion of the temporal bone, the densest bone in the mammalian body". The amount of endogenous DNA salvaged from this part of the skull exceeds those from other bones by up to 183-fold. This is obviously great news, and probably means we can expect many more ancient genomes to be published in the near future.
Gamba, C. et al. Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory. Nat. Commun. 5:5257 doi:10.1038/ncomms6257 (2014).
See also...
First I1-M253 from prehistoric Europe
Genetic continuity and shifts across the metal ages in the Carpathian Basin: analysis of ancient Hungarian genomes CO1, BR1 and IR1
Monday, October 20, 2014
PIE homeland update: paleogenomics supports the steppe hypothesis
Several people tweeted from Iosif Lazaridis' talk at the ASHG earlier today, which focused on ancient DNA from 65 Neolithic and Bronze Age Europeans. Here are a couple of the tweets that caught my eye:
There was an influx from north Eurasian steppe into Europe after advent of farming. Consistent w linguistic evidence.LinkSo it seems that latest paleogenomics data support the linguists and archeologists who see the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) homeland on the Eastern European steppe. For some background on that, check out the videos here.
Admixture shows multiway admixture among late Neolithic ancient samples. Yamnaya good source as 3rd ancestral reference.Link
Razib also tweeted a few times from the talk, and as far as I can tell, his main point was that the Yamnaya samples showed affinity to the Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) proxy Mal'ta boy, but were also partly of Near Eastern origin, and indeed could be modeled as a 50/50 mixture between present-day Armenians and ancient Karelian hunter-gatherers. He also said that the ancient Karelians were classified as eastern hunter-gatherers (let's call them EHG for now), along with the hunter-gatherers from the Samara Valley, which probably means they carried a lot of ANE admixture.
Moreover, he added that Corded Ware genomes from late Neolithic Germany could be modeled as 75% Yamnaya, while another source from the talk revealed to me that they carried a minimum of 36% EHG.
All of this makes sense, considering that during the Neolithic much of present-day Ukraine west of the Dnieper was home to the Cucuteni-Trypillian farmers, probably of Near Eastern origin, while at the same time large groups of indigenous hunter-gatherers still foraged east of the Dnieper. Based on archeological data, it seems these two groups mixed at some point, becoming mobile pastoralists associated with the Yamnaya culture, and then expanded in all directions during the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age, potentially spreading Indo-European culture and languages as they went.
The Cucuteni-Trypillian farmers might well have been very similar to present-day Armenians, although probably without the 10-15% of ANE carried by them, which likely arrived in eastern Anatolia with the early Indo-Europeans from the steppe.
By the way, it's possible that the Karelian hunter-gatherers are the same samples as those featured in Der Sarkissian et al. 2013., where they were reported to carry mitochondrial (mtDNA) haplogroups C1 (3 instances), U2e (x2), U4 (x2), U5a and H.
Here's a spatial map from that study showing genetic distances between the ancient Karelian mtDNA and that of modern populations.
Der Sarkissian C, Balanovsky O, Brandt G, Khartanovich V, Buzhilova A, et al. (2013) Ancient DNA Reveals Prehistoric Gene-Flow from Siberia in the Complex Human Population History of North East Europe. PLoS Genet 9(2): e1003296. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003296
See also...
Corded Ware Culture linked to the spread of ANE across Europe
Coming soon: genome-wide data from more than forty 3-9K year-old humans from the ancient Russian steppe
Analysis of Hinxton4 - ERS389798
Hinxton4, or ERS389798, is one of five ancient English genomes stored at the Sequence Read Archive under accession number ERP003900. However, this analysis is based on the genotype file of Hinxton4 available at Genetic Genealogy Tools. For more information and some speculation about these genomes see my earlier blog post here.
I still don't know who these samples represent exactly, but in all likelihood, this is one of the two Iron Age sequences from the collection, and probably belongs to a Briton of Celtic stock. Note, for instance, its high affinity to the present-day Irish, relatively low North Sea score in the Eurogenes K15, and pronounced western shift on the second Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot below.
Interestingly, Lithuanians top its shared drift list based on the Human Origins dataset and more than 360K SNPs. I'm not entirely sure what this means, but it's probably related in some way to the unusually high level (>45%) of indigenous European hunter-gatherer ancestry carried by Lithuanians.
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton4,Test) - Eurogenes dataset
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton4,Test) - Human Origins dataset
Eurogenes K15 4 Ancestors Oracle results
See also...
Analysis of Hinxton2 - ERS389796
Analysis of Hinxton3 - ERS389797
Analysis of Hinxton5 - ERS389799
Hinxton ancient genomes roundup
Friday, October 17, 2014
Analysis of Hinxton3 - ERS389797
Hinxton3, or ERS389797, is one of five ancient English genomes stored at the Sequence Read Archive under accession number ERP003900. However, this analysis is based on the genotype file of Hinxton3 available at Genetic Genealogy Tools. For more information and some speculation about these genomes see my earlier blog post here.
Despite the exaggerated North Sea score in the Eurogenes K15, Hinxton3 could easily pass for a present-day Briton from the eastern coast of England or Scotland, albeit with a stronger than usual pull towards Scandinavia. Indeed, the f3-statistics show that it shares most genetic drift with the British and Icelanders from Eurogenes and Human Origins, respectively.
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton3,Test) - Eurogenes dataset
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton3,Test) - Human Origins dataset
Eurogenes K15 4 Ancestors Oracle results
See also...
Analysis of Hinxton2 - ERS389796
Analysis of Hinxton4 - ERS389798
Analysis of Hinxton5 - ERS389799
Hinxton ancient genomes roundup
Analysis of Hinxton2 - ERS389796
Hinxton2, or ERS389796, is one of five ancient English genomes stored at the Sequence Read Archive under accession number ERP003900. However, this analysis is based on the genotype file of Hinxton2 available at Genetic Genealogy Tools. For more information and some speculation about these genomes see my earlier blog post here.
Interestingly, f3-statistics in the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton2,Test) show that Hinxton2 shares most genetic drift with present-day Danes and Norwegians. Please refer to the relevant spreadsheets below.
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton2,Test) - Eurogenes dataset
Shared drift stats of the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton2,Test) - Human Origins dataset
Eurogenes K15 4 Ancestors Oracle results
See also...
Analysis of Hinxton3 - ERS389797
Analysis of Hinxton4 - ERS389798
Analysis of Hinxton5 - ERS389799
Hinxton ancient genomes roundup
Sunday, October 12, 2014
Ancient genomes and the calculator effect
Several ancient genomes have been posted online as text files and uploaded to GEDmatch over the last couple of weeks, and many more are likely to follow in the future. A lot of people have already taken this opportunity to analyze these files with various online ancestry tools, usually DIY calculators.
That's actually not a bad way of doing things, as long as everyone's aware that almost all of these calculators produce biased results. They produce biased results because they violate a very basic rule of science, which is this:
Do not test more than one variable at a time.Obviously, the variable we want to test with these calculators is ancestry. However, when the reference samples are tested in a different way to the test samples, which is what usually happens, then this adds another variable to the proceedings. As a result, we simply can't compare the results of the reference samples to those of the test samples.
I know that a lot of people find this difficult to grasp, and many just seem hell bent on not grasping it. However, anyone who isn't completely insane, and takes five minutes out of their day to try and understand the concepts involved, has to agree that this is a real problem. It can be proven empirically, like I did over two years ago (see here).
I suspect that a lot of confusion has been caused by the fact that the people who were used as reference samples in the making of the various DIY calculators saw highly accurate results when running them, and so assumed everything was fine. The accuracy of the DIY calculators for such people is indeed impressive, and I show that at the link above, but unfortunately the story is very different for everyone else.
Here's the good news: the Eurogenes calculators don't suffer from the calculator effect. That's because the reference samples are treated in the same way as the test samples, so there's only one variable: ancestry. What this means is that when you run a modern or ancient genome with a Eurogenes calculator you can confidently compare the result to those of the reference samples (provided enough SNPs are used), and then be able to make sensible inferences about its genetic origins.
Wednesday, October 8, 2014
Analysis of an ancient genome from Hinxton
I've just added an ancient sample from Hinxton, England, to my burgeoning ancient genomes collection. It's a pre-publication release freely available here as ERS389795. Thanks to Felix C. for breaking the news. We've both called this sample Hinxton1.
Unfortunately, its archeological context is a mystery to me, but it's possibly one of the ancient genomes mentioned in the recent Schiffels et al. ASHG abstract (see here).
In terms of genome-wide genetic structure, Hinxton1 is most similar to present-day Orcadians, Irish, western Scots, Icelanders and western Norwegians, more or less in that order. However, it's fairly distinct from the modern inhabitants of England, or at least those in my datasets, who mostly come from Kent and Cornwall.
Please note, this analysis features two different datasets: Eurogenes and Human Origins. Eurogenes, which is my own dataset, includes more populations than Human Origins, and is based on SNPs used in commercial ancestry and medical work. On the other hand, Human Origins shows a more varied sampling strategy, and is based on SNPs specifically chosen for population genetics.
Shared drift stats in the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton1,Test) - Eurogenes dataset
Shared drift stats in the form f3(Mbuti;Hinxton1,Test) - Human Origins dataset
Eurogenes K15 4 Ancestors Oracle results
See also...
Analysis of Hinxton2 - ERS389796
Analysis of Hinxton3 - ERS389797
Analysis of Hinxton4 - ERS389798
Analysis of Hinxton5 - ERS389799
Hinxton ancient genomes roundup
Friday, October 3, 2014
Scratch the North Caucasus
I've just spotted a few interesting extras in the final draft of Lazaridis et al. that appeared in Nature last month, including this quote from page 126 of the freely available supp info:
The finding of high ANE ancestry in the North Caucasus might suggest that the Caucasus is a potential source of this type of ancestry in Europe. However, when we try to fit present-day Europeans as a 3-way mixture of a North Caucasian population+EEF+WHG in the structure of Fig. S14.20 this model is successful for only 5 populations (Bergamo, Bulgarian, Italian_South, Spanish_North, Tuscan using Lezgins as a sister group to the admixing population). Admixture from the Caucasus would need to be substantial to account for observed ANE levels in Europe (e.g., for a European population with ~15% ANE ancestry, almost half of its ancestry must come from a Lezgin-like population with ~29% ANE ancestry; this would account for the ANE ancestry but would greatly dilute its WHG-related ancestry, and yet present-day Europeans have increased affinity to WHG in Extended Data Fig. 4 relative to Stuttgart).
This was rather obvious anyway, but I know that there are a lot of people online who cherish the notion that Europe was invaded in a big way by groups from the Caucasus and/or Anatolia during the Bronze Age, and I'm guessing this paragraph was a response to the comments that the authors received from these people during the public review process.
Indeed, the updated supp info also has a couple of new Principal Component Analyses (PCA) of West Eurasian populations, with which Lazaridis et al. underline the point that most Europeans and Near Easterners form "two discontinuous clines" in such analyses (pages 76-80). I could be wrong, but the impression I get is that they're again communicating how very improbable it is for most Europeans to harbor any Near Eastern and Caucasian admixture that post dates the Neolithic transition.
This of course leaves pre-Turkic far Eastern Europe, Western Siberia and/or Central Asia as the source(s) of the ANE-rich population movements that apparently had such a profound impact on most of the European gene pool after the final Neolithic.
Lazaridis et al., Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans, Nature, 513, 409–413 (18 September 2014), doi:10.1038/nature13673
See also...
Coming soon: genome-wide data from more than forty 3-9K year-old humans from the ancient Russian steppe
Corded Ware Culture linked to the spread of ANE across Europe
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It's here! I'm hosting a giveaway for one of the Accuquilt GO! Cutters sponsored by the nice people at Accuquilt.
Sponsored Giveaway: Accuquilt Go! Cutter
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Petit Design Co.October 4, 2010 at 6:07 am
ooh fun. I've already won a Go! (happy dance!) but I thought you might like to add your giveaway to my new blog all about Quilty Giveaways:

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bountiful quilterOctober 4, 2010 at 7:45 am
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bountiful quilterOctober 4, 2010 at 7:47 am
I would love to win the cutter. The three dies I would choose are the Apple Core #1 jumbo, The Studio Tumbler Block #1 large, and The Studio Diamond Jumbo. Thanks again for the chance.
ShelleyOctober 4, 2010 at 8:30 am
Hi Amy 🙂 Love the quilt show from the other day. Been a follower for a while now and love that you have a GO to giveaway! Thanks for this opportunity to win one!
JoyOctober 4, 2010 at 8:53 am
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Studio Diamond (Jumbo)
RETRO-fabulousOctober 4, 2010 at 6:45 pm
I won a GO Cutter *fabulous* but just wanted to stop by to say congratulations on being able to give one away. Good Luck everyone!! =)
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PeggyAnn
Quilting CherylOctober 5, 2010 at 12:03 am
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R-EightOctober 5, 2010 at 5:43 am
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MelanieOctober 5, 2010 at 12:59 pm
Thank you so much for hosting this fantastic give-a-way! If I won, I would like the Feathers, the Critters and the Funky Flowers dies!
Thanks again,
Melanie
MelanieOctober 5, 2010 at 1:00 pm
I am now a follower!
thank you,
Melanie
marianOctober 11, 2010 at 5:51 am
Amy your quilts are amazing and so is your generous giveaway 🙂 cheers, Marian
KateOctober 24, 2010 at 11:21 am
I would love one! A strip die, a 5 inch square, and a tumbler block!!


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Don't you think this Isabel Marant hooded poncho is kinda Chanel?! That's why I thought it would be fun to style it with them. The open sides with braided side ties and self-fringe edges give this poncho a fun, flirty element. With the light- weight virgin-wool blend and its colors: ivory, black and grey, it allows for easy layering/un-layering throughout the seasons. I couldn't imagine how sexy it would be to style it with shorts and a simple tank or a bralette top.
Wearing: Isabel Marant poncho, Nhakhanh thumb-holed top, Urban Outfitter leggings, Prada booties, Sue Gragg ring, Chanel necklaces and bag.
Styling by me.
Photos by Kristi and Scot from DStyleSheet.
Have a wonderful day to all!…Hanh.


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Aspen Highlands opening delayed by lack of snow
ASPEN – Aspen Skiing Co. says Aspen Highlands won't open for the season Saturday as planned because there's not enough snow.
The resort company said Tuesday that Aspen Highlands needs at least eight more inches of natural snow to open.
A new opening date hasn't been announced yet.
Aspen Skiing Co. opened Aspen Mountain and Snowmass on Thanksgiving Day, as scheduled. It plans to open Buttermilk on Dec. 15.
Elsewhere in Colorado, Monarch Mountain has yet to open after originally planning to start its season in mid-November. It relies on natural snow rather than manmade flakes and says nature hasn't been cooperating.
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Candlewood Suites Detroit-Southfield
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