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Mdadm: A New Tool For Linux Software RAID Management
By Derek Vadala
Expert Author
Article Date: 2003-01-13
raidtools has been the standard software RAID management package for Linux since the inception of the software RAID driver. Over the years, raidtools have proven cumbersome to use, mostly because they rely on a configuration file (/etc/raidtab) that is difficult to maintain, and partly because its features are limited. In August 2001, Neil Brown, a software engineer at the University of New South Wales and a kernel developer, released an alternative. His
mdadm (multiple devices admin) package provides a simple, yet robust way to manage software arrays.
mdadm is now at version 1.0.1 and has proved quite stable over its first year of development. There has been much positive response on the Linux-raid mailing list and
mdadm is likely to become widespread in the future. This article assumes that you have at least some familiarity with software RAID on Linux and that you have had some exposure to the raidtools package.
Download the most recent
mdadm tarball, issue
make install to compile, and install
mdadm and its documentation. In addition to the binary, some manual pages and example files are also installed.
# tar xvf ./mdadm-1.0.1.tgz
# cd mdadm-1.0.1.tgz
# make install
Alternatively, you can download and install the package file found under the RPM directory at the same URL (
# rpm -ihv mdadm-1.0.1-1.i386.rpm
mdadm has five major modes of operation. The first two modes, Create and Assemble, are used to configure and activate arrays. Manage mode is used to manipulate devices in an active array. Follow or Monitor mode allows administrators to configure event notification and actions for arrays. Build mode is used when working with legacy arrays that use an old version of the md driver. I will not cover build mode in this article. The remaining options are used for various housekeeping tasks and are not attached to a specific mode of operation, although the
mdadm documentation calls these options Misc mode.
Creating an Array
Create (
mdadm --create) mode is used to create a new array. In this example I use
mdadm to create a RAID-0 at /dev/md0 made up of /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1:
# mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=0
--raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: chunk size defaults to 64K
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
--level option specifies which type of RAID to create in the same way that raidtools uses the
raid-level configuration line. Valid choices are 0,1,4 and 5 for RAID-0, RAID-1, RAID-4, RAID-5 respectively. Linear (
--level=linear) is also a valid choice for linear mode. The
--raid-devices option works the same as the
nr-raid-disks option when using /etc/raidtab and
In general,
mdadm commands take the format:
mdadm [mode]
Each of
mdadm's options also has a short form that is less descriptive but shorter to type. For example, the following command uses the short form of each option but is identical to the example I showed above.
# mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -l0 -n2 -c128 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
-C selects Create mode, and I have also included the
-v option here to turn on verbose output.
-l and
-n specify the RAID level and number of member disks. Users of
raidtools and /etc/raidtab can see how much easier it is to create arrays using
mdadm. You can change the default chunk size (64KB) using the
--chunk or
-c option. In this previous example I changed the chunk size to 128KB.
mdadm also supports shell expansions, so you don't have to type in the device name for every component disk if you are creating a large array. In this example, I'll create a RAID-5 with five member disks and a chunk size of 128KB:
# mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -l5 -n5 -c128 /dev/sd{a,b,c,d,e}1
mdadm: layout defaults to left-symmetric
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
This example creates an array at /dev/md0 using SCSI disk partitions /dev/sda1, /dev/sdb1, /dev/sdc1, /dev/sdd1, and /dev/sde1. Notice that I have also set the chunk size to 128 KB using the
-c128 option. When creating a RAID-5,
mdadm will automatically choose the
left-symmetric parity algorithm, which is the best choice.
Use the
--stop or
-S command to stop running array:
# mdadm -S /dev/md0
/etc/mdadm.conf is
mdadms' primary configuration file. Unlike /etc/raidtab,
mdadm does not rely on /etc/mdadm.conf to create or manage arrays. Rather, mdadm.conf is simply an extra way of keeping track of software RAIDs. Using a configuration file with
mdadm is useful, but not required. Having one means you can quickly manage arrays without spending extra time figuring out what array properties are and where disks belong. For example, if an array wasn't running and there was no mdadm.conf file describing it, then the system administrator would need to spend time examining individual disks to determine array properties and member disks.
Unlike the configuration file for
mdadm.conf is concise and simply lists disks and arrays. The configuration file can contain two types of lines each starting with either the
DEVICE or
ARRAY keyword. Whitespace separates the keyword from the configuration information.
DEVICE lines specify a list of devices that are potential member disks.
ARRAY lines specify device entries for arrays as well as identifier information. This information can include lists of one or more UUIDs,
md device minor numbers, or a listing of member devices.
A simple mdadm.conf file might look like this:
DEVICE /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
ARRAY /dev/md0 devices=/dev/sda1,/dev/sdb1
ARRAY /dev/md1 devices=/dev/sdc1,/dev/sdd1
In general, it's best to create an /etc/mdadm.conf file after you have created an array and update the file when new arrays are created. Without an /etc/mdadm.conf file you'd need to specify more detailed information about an array on the command in order to activate it. That means you'd have to remember which devices belonged to which arrays, and that could easily become a hassle on systems with a lot of disks.
mdadm even provides an easy way to generate ARRAY lines. The output is a single long line, but I have broken it here to fit the page:
# mdadm --detail --scan
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid0 num-devices=2
If there were multiple arrays running on the system, then
mdadm would generate an array line for each one. So after you're done building arrays you could redirect the output of
mdadm --detail --scan to /etc/mdadm.conf. Just make sure that you manually create a
DEVICE entry as well. Using the example I've provided above we might have an /etc/mdadm.conf that looks like:
DEVICE /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid0 num-devices=2
Starting an Array
Assemble mode is used to start an array that already exists. If you created an /etc/mdadm.conf you can automatically start an array listed there with the following command:
# mdadm -As /dev/md0
mdadm: /dev/md0 has been started with 2 drives.
-A option denotes assemble mode. You can also use
--assemble. The
-s or
--scan option tells
mdadm to look in /etc/mdadm.conf for information about arrays and devices. If you want to start every array listed in /etc/mdadm.conf, don't specify an
md device on the command line.
If you didn't create an /etc/mdadm.conf file, you will need to specify additional information on the command line in order to start an array. For example, this command attempts to start /dev/md0 using the devices listed on the command line:
# mdadm -A /dev/md0 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
Since using
mdadm -A in this way assumes you have some prior knowledge about how arrays are arranged, it might not be useful on systems that have arrays that were created by someone else. So you may wish to examine some devices to gain a better picture about how arrays should be assembled. The examine options (
-E or
--examine) allows you to print the
md superblock (if present) from a block device that could be an array component.
# mdadm -E /dev/sdc1
Magic : a92b4efc
Version : 00.90.00
UUID : 84788b68:1bb79088:9a73ebcc:2ab430da
Creation Time : Mon Sep 23 16:02:33 2002
Raid Level : raid0
Device Size : 17920384 (17.09 GiB 18.40 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Preferred Minor : 0
Update Time : Mon Sep 23 16:14:52 2002
State : clean, no-errors
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Checksum : 8ab5e437 - correct
Events : 0.10
Chunk Size : 128K
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
this 1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
0 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 1 8 33 1 active sync /dev/sdc1
2 2 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1
3 3 8 65 3 active sync /dev/sde1
mdadm's examine option displays quite a bit of useful information about component disks. In this case we can tell that /dev/sdc1 belongs to a RAID-0 made up of a total of four member disks. What I want to specifically point out is the line of output that contains the UUID. A UUID is a 128-bit number that is guaranteed to be reasonably unique on both the local system and across other systems. It is a randomly generated using system hardware and timestamps as part of its seed. UUIDs are commonly used by many programs to uniquely tag devices. See the
uuidgen and
libuuid manual pages for more information.
When an array is created, the md driver generates a UUID for the array and stores it in the md superblock. You can use the UUID as criteria for array assembly. In the next example I am going to activate the array to which /dev/sdc1 belongs using its UUID.
# mdadm -Av /dev/md0 --uuid=84788b68:1bb79088:9a73ebcc:2ab430da /dev/sd*
This command scans every SCSI disk (
/dev/sd*) to see if it's a member of the array with the UUID
84788b68:1bb79088:9a73ebcc:2ab430da and then starts the array, assuming it found each component device.
mdadm will produce a lot of output each time it tries to scan a device that does not exist. You can safely ignore such warnings.
Managing Arrays
Using Manage mode you can add and remove disks to a running array. This is useful for removing failed disks, adding spare disks, or adding replacement disks. Manage mode can also be used to mark a member disk as failed. Manage mode replicates the functions of raidtools programs such as
raidhotremove, and
For example, to add a disk to an active array, replicating the
raidhotadd command:
# mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdc1
Or, to remove /dev/sdc1 from /dev/md0 try:
# mdadm /dev/md0 --f ail /dev/sdc1 --remove /dev/sdc1
Notice that I first mark /dev/sdc1 as failed and then remove it. This is the same as using the
raidsetfaulty and
raidhotremove commands with raidtools. It's fine to combine add, fail, and remove options on a single command line as long as they make sense in terms of array management. So you have to fail a disk before removing it, for example.
Monitoring Arrays
Follow, or Monitor, mode provides some of
mdadm's best and most unique features. Using Follow/Monitor mode you can daemonize
mdadm and configure it to send email alerts to system administrators when arrays encounter errors or fail. You can also use Follow mode to arbitrarily execute commands when a disk fails. For example, you might want to try removing and reinserting a failed disk in an attempt to correct a non-fatal failure without user intervention.
The following command will monitor /dev/md0 (polling every 300 seconds) for critical events. When a fatal error occurs,
mdadm will send an email to sysadmin. You can tailor the polling interval and email address to meet your needs.
# mdadm --monitor --mail=sysadmin --delay=300 /dev/md0
When using monitor mode,
mdadm will not exit, so you might want to wrap it around
nohup and ampersand:
# nohup mdadm --monitor --mail=sysadmin --delay=300 /dev/md0 &
Follow/Monitor mode also allows arrays to share spare disks, a feature that has been lacking in Linux software RAID since its inception. That means you only
need to provide one spare disk for a group of arrays or for all arrays. It also means that system administrators don't have to manually intervene to shuffle around spare disks when arrays fail. Previously this functionality was available only using hardware RAID. When Follow/Monitor mode is invoked, it polls arrays at regular intervals. When a disk failure is detected on an array without a spare disk,
mdadm will remove an available spare disk from another array and insert it into the array with the failed disk. To facilitate this process, each
ARRAY line in /etc/mdadm.conf needs to have a spare-group defined.
DEVICE /dev/sd*
ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid1 num-devices=3 spare-group=database
ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-device=2 spare-group=database
In this example, both /dev/md0 and /dev/md1 are part of the spare group database. Just assume that /dev/md0 is a two-disk RAID-1 with a single spare disk. If
mdadm is running in monitor mode (as I showed earlier), and a disk in /dev/md1 fails,
mdadm will remove the spare disk from /dev/md0 and insert it into /dev/md1.
mdadm has many other options that I haven't covered here. I strongly recommend reading its manual page for further details. Remember, you don't have to switch to
mdadm. raidtools is still in development, and it has the benefit of many years of development. But, I find that
mdadm is a worthy replacement. It is both feature rich and intuitive, and there's no harm in trying out alternatives.
About the Author:


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mtaus necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 56 diseños de 14 diseñadores freelance.
Unite Now
Drawing upon the experience and expertise of leaders in activism, advocacy, philanthropy and art, traditional and digital media, experiential education and marketing, Unite Now provides vital resources and media exposure to non-profit organizations, socially-conscious businesses, individuals and groups of all sizes that choose to show their support for a cause or issue through artistic forms of advocacy.
The site will enable advocacy groups (Groups) to create events (Events) and invite individual (Participants) to join the live, real-world event. These Participants will use the website to upload compelling images/video from the events and connect with other Participants at the Event. Visit http://www.UniteNow.org for examples of the type of advocacy events and images that will be featured on the site.
Serving a global community of individuals and organizations who desire to make a more positive impact on the world around them, UniteNow provides an innovative approach to advocacy and activism by providing an online gallery, content distribution network and a set of collaboration tools to help groups mobilize and coordinate events that support constructive dialogue in the areas of human rights, ecological balance, animal rights, finding cures to diseases and solutions to global issues.
The overall tone of the site is "let the images speak louder than the words." Simple and clean.
Unite Now will provide organizations, events and their participants with web-based collaboration and networking tools and a way to upload, download and showcases images, video and text from their events.
The home page at Unite Now will include:
- feature upcoming Events
- feature user-generated images from Events
- a call to action for Groups to create Events
- a call to action for Participants to join and upcoming Event
- feature advocacy "Causes" (e.g., Human Rights, Ecological Protection, etc.)
- the ability to find Groups/Events by CAUSE, ORGANIZATION or by LOCATION
- the design should distinguish past events from upcoming events in the previous section (either by color or design)
- a text module for Upcoming Events, Past Event Streams and Twitter Feeds
- Login for Group/Event Organizers and Participants
See wireframe for a VERY basic concept of the above. This is only a reference point. Designers are strongly encouraged to build upon this layout, organize components in a way to make sense to site visitors and resize elements for appropriate impact.
Remember, this site will inspire passion in the activists that use it... So have fun with it and don't forget to be creative!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
How well do you know the Code? Think you can spot violations the original installer either ignored or couldn't identify? Here's your chance to moonlight as an electrical inspector and second-guess someone else's work from the safety of your living room or office. Joe Tedesco, who has a knack for finding shoddy electrical work, did the dirty work and found this mess. Now it's your turn to identify the violation.
Find the Answer
These soda machines are located in a wet area on the platform of a train station. As per 406.8(B)(1), "15A and 20A, 125V and 250V receptacles installed in a wet location shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof whether or not the attachment plug cap is inserted. All 15A and 20A, 125V and 250V non-locking receptacles shall be listed weather-resistant type."


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Questions and Answers - symptoms of diabetes
Use the chart below to help understand how different test results can indicate pre-diabetes or diabetes
|Fasting Blood Glucose
|Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
|Random Blood Sugar (taken any time of day with or without fasting)
|Ideal Result
|Less than 100mg/dl
|Less than 140 mg/dl
|Less than 140 (even after eating a large meal)
|Less than 5.7%
|5.7% to 6.4%
|126mg/dl and greater
|200 mg/dl and greater
|200 or greater
|6.5% or more
Q: Can an alcohol body odor, profuse sweating, constant desire for sweets, and constant thirst be signs of diabetes?
A: When there is excess sugar circulating in the bloodstream, not getting into the muscles because of insufficiency or malfunctioning of insulin, the body may begin to break down fat at a rapid rate to provide energy to "hungry" tissues. This can cause the odor you are referring to. The other symptoms you describe can also indicate high blood sugar. I suggest you see your physician ASAP.
Q: How does diabetes affect your thinking process? Under medications such as insulin do diabetics still suffer from attitude swings?
A: With or without diabetes, when blood sugars are not in balance, fatigue, dizziness, "fuzzy" thinking, mood swings and other symptoms may result. With insulin-requiring diabetes, it can be even more challenging to maintain stable blood sugars, but is very achievable with the right monitoring and support. Having a disease like diabetes does provide greater challenges for stable health and moods, but does not negate the ability to attain and maintain them.
Q: Do I have diabetes with fasting sugar levels only a little on the high side? They have varied from 102 to 110 for the last 10 years. However my sugar level after eating food has always been within the limit, varying from 110 to 130
A: You are what we term "pre-diabetic" with fasting blood sugars between 100 -125. One or two sessions with a nutritionist should get you going in the right direction to help you achieve a goal of being around 90 for a fasting level. And of course, regular exercise and activity are most important. If you haven't done so, get a thorough physical, including an A1C (average measure of 3 months of blood sugars). This will give you some sense of the areas you need to focus on. All is manageable.
Q: My 66 year old father has diabetes. He has been getting very dry patches of skin on his back mostly. They turn a little scaly and itch very badly. Is this a typical symptom of diabetes? What do you suggest for relief?
A: Eczema can result from diabetes, especially when blood sugar levels have been out of range. He may also be low in essential fats such as those found in fish oil. Inadequate hydration is another factor to consider. I suggest for immediate relief, check with your pharmacist to see if there is a prescription that might help. In the herbal world, lavender can be very beneficial, but the oil would need to be a pure lavender oil. Adding oatmeal or baking soda to a warm bath can help keep the skin moist, a key to quelling the itching. Rubbing aloe vera juice on the skin can also be effective. This is inexpensive and available and in most drug stores and some grocery stores.
Q: Why do I get a headache and start to feel nauseous when I eat or drink something sweet?
A: It sounds as if you are carb sensitive, meaning the refined, simple carbohydrates such as sweets, are rapidly digested, lifting your blood sugar quickly but then rapidly "dropping" you back down. This is especially likely to happen if no other foods eaten along with the simple carb foods. It would be very wise for you to avoid these foods as much as possible. Have you had your blood sugar tested? Now would be a good time to follow a healthy lifestyle, eating whole, unrefined foods and staying active. Balancing our metabolisms is an ongoing and fine tuning process, challenged by the environment we live in and the daily stresses of life. It is doubly important to nourish ourselves well in order to combat the elements we can't control.
Q: I have a 3 year old grandson. Now and then he has a slight shaking if he doesn't eat right. I am thinking his sugar is low. Would you please tell me what a child's count should be.
A: Right now, we have the same glucose ranges for chilren and adults for a diagnosis of diabetes. 126 or greater is diabetes. 80-90 fasting is a good range. Low blood sugar can range from 60-80 depending on the person and other conditions/medications. If you haven't already done so, check with his pediatrician. If fasting sugars are normal and his symptoms persist, you may want to inquire about a 2 hour glucose tolerance test to see if he is in the correct range post-meal. In general, start him now on healthy foods, limiting sweets and juices. Be sure he has some form of protein at each meal. You may notice improvement.
Q: Why do my fingers always feel numb and cold?
A: I am assuming that you are asking this question because you have diabetes. Reduced circulation and/or numbing in hands/feet can be a result of fluctuation blood sugars over many years. You should mention this to your physician. Be sure you inspect your feet daily to be sure you do not have any unfelt splinters, etc. Most importantly, do everything you can to keep your blood sugars in a good range.
Q: Is it possible to have diabetes with frequent urination without excessive thirst? I have frequent urination (have to get up 5-7 times during the night, yet only drank 3 glasses of water the entire day and before 7pm). My reading at fasting was 118; reading 2 hours after a meal (spinach salad and chicken) was 207. So it seems like I have some of the classic symptoms. However, I am NEVER thirsty and I actually have to force myself to drink the 2-3 glasses of water that I do drink.
A: I would hope repeat testing has been suggested, particularly since you are still showing symptoms. 126 fasting, twice, means a diagnosis of diabetes. At 118, yours is a diagnosis of impaired fasting glucose. If you haven't already started, it is most important that you now follow a healthy lifestyle. It may be helpful to get a hemoglobin A1C to get a 3 month blood sugar average. It may be that you are experiencing higher daytime blood sugars. You may also benefit by a visit to an endocrinologists if you are not getting resolutions from your current medical team.
Q: Should I be concerned that my 13 year old son has been very tired and had a 145 blood sugar reading? My daughter was diagnosed with type 1 last year when she was 7. I'm not sure if this reading was normal after eating and drinking.
A: That is a bit high. Is his tiredness an isolated instance? If you are concerned, you can request his levels be checked. If you have an endocrinologist, inquire about testing that may identify a predisposition to diabetes. Meanwhile, I suggest you actively work on dietary changes with him. Because you have one child who is already diagnosed with diabetes, it is important to have your entire family eating healthfully and leading an active lifestyle. Even when taking insulin, good lifestyle habits are what sustain a higher quality of life.
Q: Diabetes runs in my family so I am concerned that I am going to the bathroom much more often. I do drink a good amount of diet colas.
A: Lots of diet colas can be irritating since caffeine acts as a diuretic. Are you rapidly losing weight or showing other symptoms of diabetes? Start by stopping the sodas, and see if this doesn't make a difference. If not, I suggest you see your physician. If you have any burning or irritation, it may also be that you have a bladder/kidney infection.
Q: Is hair loss is a symptom of diabetes?
A: Have you consulted an endocrinologist about this? Your hair loss could be related to a condition called "alopecia", involving hormone imbalance. Poor diets can also be a cause, especially when B vitamins are lacking. I suggest you truly look at your lifestyle/eating habits and put forth fine tuning efforts here, and consult for further screenings if the condition persists.
Q: Are the following symptoms of diabetes?: very dry skin on my face, slight hair loss, a very sweet taste in my mouth, weight gain, difficulty losing weight, increased acne, tingling feeling all over, irritability, sometimes nausea, sometimes shaky if I don't eat right away. I've been on the Atkins diet for the last 3 months, and have lost about 20 pounds. I run on a treadmill for about 50 minutes at least 4 or 5 times a week.
A: By now, if these symptoms are persisting, I trust you have seen your doctor for a check-up/screening. The Atkins diet is not for everyone; a protein emphasis of the right kinds and balance can be beneficial for metabolic control. Some people do better with vegetarian proteins such as beans. Getting Metabolic/Lipid/Thyroid Panels done will let you know where you are in the ranges. From there, you may need to reassess your dietary habits.
Q: Is it a sign of diabetes that my 14 month old twin boys have had yeast infections on their bottoms for the past two and a half months? I have tried everything but no relief from the symptoms.
A: Definitely discuss this with your physician. Your sons should be given probiotics such as acidophilus whenever taking antibiotics. Yogurt and Kefir are two great foods if they'll eat them. Their diet is also very important: good protein sources and lots of greens, no white/unrefined foods. If you have any integrative medicine practitioners in your area, they would have a better handle on non-pharmacological approaches.
Q: Should I be concerned about being diabetic with the following readings: Fasting blood sugar between 80 to 100; 200 one hour after a meal?
A: You are showing readings of hyperglycemia. The ideal fasting blood glucose reading is less than 100. The ideal post-meal blood glucose reading is less than 140. 140-200 post meal/random reading is considered pre-diabetes. There is a greater movement among diabetes management practitioners to emphasize the importance of post meal control. This is because blood sugar excursions contribute to higher oxidative stress, which in turn may cause increased tissue damage leading to greater risk of complications. This seems to be more true than chronic sustained high blood sugars, such as only high fasting levels. I suggest you carefully reevaluate your daytime eating, perhaps being more careful of carb intake and type and follow up with your health care practitioner.
Q: Should I be concerned that my glucose level has gone slightly but steadily up over the past year and a half: 99, 104 and today 106 but I have none of the usual diabetes symptoms, have loads of energy, exercise a great deal at recreational sports, and eat wisely? I do have a family history of diabetes.
A: It sounds like you are on a good path geared towards a healthy lifestyle. You may want to seek professional nutritional counseling to fine tune if you are not already very aware of such issues as the impact of carbohydrates. You are still maintaining a low pre-diabetes status. There are nutritional supplements such as water soluble cinnamon that may also be helpful in keeping your blood sugars down. Be certain too that you stay well hydrated by drinking lots of water. If you maintain these numbers and don't go any higher, you should do well.
Q: Why do I have a constant sweet taste in my mouth? I have seen my doctor and had a sugar fasting test and I do not have diabetes though I have been asked to lose weight.
A: I suggest you consult an endocrinologist to determine/rule out other possible causes of a metabolic imbalance. You may also want an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test to see if your blood sugars are normal post meal over a 2 hour period. Regardless of these outcomes, be very clear that you are now eating "properly". Your thyroid may be a bit compromised so be sure you get 20-30 grams of protein for breakfast.
Q: Do I have diabetes if my glucose blood test readings have gone up from 94 to 102 over past 2 years.
A: 102 is a diagnosis of pre-diabetes. A fasting level anywhere from 100-125 is considered pre-diabetes. Two fasting levels of 126 or greater is a diagnosis of diabetes. If you haven't already made significant lifestyle changes, now is the time to do so to prevent diabetes in the future. Stay dedicated to maintaining a good amount of daily activity and exercise.
Q: Do I need to do anything about an A1C score of 7.4? I was taking steroid for pain in my back. I have been checking morning sugar levels and after a month it has not been over 120.
A: Your numbers are high on both accounts. I suggest you aggressively tackle your lifestyle habits, focusing on dietary/exercise interventions. Steroids can elevate blood sugars, but for short term doses, there should not be a problem. Work to get your fasting blood sugars under 100, closer to 90. This will in turn lower your A1C to under 6.0. If, after a few months, you are not successful, seek physician intervention. If unclear about diet, etc., seek professional guidance.
Q: I am 39 and was diagnosed with diabetes about a month ago, all my symptoms (thirst, frequent urination, dry mouth etc.) started after having 2 steroid shots for a sore throat and then I was on prednisone for my back. Could I have gotten diabetes from that? My sugar was over 425. Now in the morning is around 103-120. After meals 148-193. How long will it take to get normal.
A: I wish I could give you a definitive answer, but I can't. Yes, prednisone can be a trigger for diabetes, and with following a healthy lifestyle, diabetes can be resolved to more normal blood sugars. Certainly, you are reporting much better blood sugars, in the pre-diabetes range. I suggest you discuss this with your physician, and if needed, be referred to an endocrinologist for some more definitive answers regarding the endocrine system and what may be manifesting with you. At the least, ask your pharmacist the time frame you can expect to see your course of prednisone finished. If you have a family history of diabetes, the prednisone may very well have been your trigger, particularly if you weren't following a healthy lifestyle. Time will tell; good lifestyle management is a "must."
Information on the "Question and Answer" pages should not be relied on for medical or technical advice. Always consult your healthcare team. Diabetes Action and Jane DeVane cannot be responsible for errors or wrongful use of the information available on this website. The information provided on this site is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician/medical team.


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Cass McCombs – "Brighter" (feat. Karen Black)
Actress Karen Black died from cancer last month. Before she passed, she recorded this great song with singer Cass McCombs, who also dueted with Black on the memorable "Dreams-Come-True-Girl," the opener to 2009's Catacombs. In this song from the upcoming Big Wheel and Others, Black takes the lead, her voice sounding lively and wild. For fans of Black, this posthumous release is a beautiful gift. The 22-song Big Wheel and Others is due Oct. 15 on Domino, listen to "Brighter" below and "There Can Only Be One" here. McCombs will be at Pappy & Harriet's in Pioneertown Nov. 12, L.A.'s The Echo Nov. 14 and S.F.'s Great American Music Hall Nov. 15.
Glasser – "Design" video
The video for the second single from L.A.-based Glasser's upcoming Interiors album (preorder on CD or LP) features Glasser's Cameron Mesirow in a futuristic Mad Men dress dancing with an animated sculpture. It reinforces the message: This is electro-pop fit for a museum, not just the dancefloor. Interiors is due Oct. 8 on True Panther/Matador.


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Storing Session History
A little while ago we were talking about writing a little emacs-based application to enable the users to help themselves. The beginning of this tool needs a light-weight dired using emacs buttons to use for navigating around the filesystem. Today we will look at adding functionality to remember which files and directories have been accessed previously.
First of all we need some variables to store the directories and files in.
(defvar file-editor-current-dir nil) (defvar file-editor-save-dirs nil) (defvar file-editor-save-dirs '(a b c)) (defvar file-editor-save-files nil)
Then we provide a customizable variable where the history will be saved between emacs sessions.
(defcustom file-editor-history-file "~/.file-editor-history" "File in which the file-editor history is saved between invocations. Variables stored are: `file-editor-save-dirs', `file-editor-save-files'." :type 'string :group 'file-editor)
We will frequently be adding the same file and directory into the lists and we don't want to get dupes. I could use a data structure that helps avoid dupes or I could just sort the lists and remove adjacent dupes. Guess which option I chose.
(defun remove-dupes (list) (let (tmp-list head) (while list (setq head (pop list)) (unless (equal head (car list)) (push head tmp-list))) (reverse tmp-list))) (defun file-editor-sort-history () (setq file-editor-save-dirs (remove-dupes (sort file-editor-save-dirs #'string<))) (setq file-editor-save-files (remove-dupes (sort file-editor-save-files #'string<))))
ido has code that stores history between sessions. I've stolen most of it to save the file editor history.
(ido-pp ...) pretty prints the variable contents into the buffer, e.g. something like this.
;; ----- file-editor-save-dirs ----- ( "dir1" "dir2" "dir3" )
(require 'ido) (defun file-editor-save-history () "Save file-editor history between sessions." (let ((buf (get-buffer-create " *file-editor data*")) (version-control 'never)) (unwind-protect (with-current-buffer buf (erase-buffer) (file-editor-sort-history) (ido-pp 'file-editor-save-dirs) (ido-pp 'file-editor-save-files) (write-file file-editor-history-file nil)) (kill-buffer buf))))
When it comes time to load the history back,
(read (current-buffer)) loads it back into the variables. You can see the use of
unwind-protect and
condtion-case in the code below as I talked about in my emacs lisp error handling post.
(defun file-editor-load-history () (let ((file (expand-file-name file-editor-history-file)) buf) (when (file-readable-p file) (let ((buf (get-buffer-create " *file-editor data*"))) (unwind-protect (with-current-buffer buf (erase-buffer) (insert-file-contents file) (condition-case nil (setq file-editor-save-dirs (read (current-buffer)) file-editor-save-files (read (current-buffer))) (error nil))) (kill-buffer buf))))))
The obvious time to save the history is when we exit emacs.
(defun file-editor-kill-emacs-hook () (file-editor-save-history)) (add-hook 'kill-emacs-hook 'file-editor-kill-emacs-hook)
Modifications To The Original Code
The way we choose which files and directories will be remembered is each time a file is opened, the parent directory and the file including full path are added to the appropriate variable.
(defun file-editor-open-file-editor-file (button) (let ((parent (button-get button 'parent)) (file (button-get button 'file)) (file-complete (concat parent "/" file))) (push parent file-editor-save-dirs) (push file-complete file-editor-save-files) (find-file file-complete) (file-editor-mode) (longlines-mode 1)))
We need to extend the
file-editor-default-dirs function to display the previously stored directories and files.
(defun file-editor-default-dirs () (let ((buffer (get-buffer-create "*file-editor-dir-list*"))) (with-current-buffer buffer (let ((inhibit-read-only t)) (erase-buffer) (file-editor-sort-history) (insert "*** Default File List ***\n\n") (dolist (dir file-editor-default-dirs) (file-editor-insert-opendir-button "" dir)) (when file-editor-save-dirs (insert "\n") (dolist (dir file-editor-save-dirs) (file-editor-insert-opendir-button "" dir))) (when file-editor-save-files (insert "\n") (dolist (file file-editor-save-files) (insert-text-button file 'parent "" 'file file :type 'open-file-editor)))))))
And for some future functionality I am thinking about we also store the current directory that is being visited.
(defun file-editor-dir-list (parent) (let ((buffer (get-buffer-create "*file-editor-dir-list*"))) (with-current-buffer buffer (let ((inhibit-read-only t) files dirs) (setq parent (expand-file-name parent)) (setq file-editor-current-dir parent) (erase-buffer) ;; ... ))))


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Reviewed By Scott M (GREENVILLE, NC) Reviewed for a 2000 Nissan Maxima —9/6/2013 3:18 PM
Installation was a little tricky and like others have said, "not enough alcohol pads"! Otherwise the kit looked great and everything that could be wood grained were included in the kit. I chose not to use some of pieces. Scott


text:
Perfectly located in the heart of Queensland's Sunshine Coast, Mooloolaba Beach offers the perfect year-round climate and is an ideal location for a sporting event, a relaxing family vacation or just a great place to escape to. The relaxing atmosphere of the Sunshine Coast, the friendly people and the endless scenic beauty of Mooloolaba Beach make it a hugely popular destination to visit.
Competitors will take in the best that Mooloolaba has to offer, starting with a swim off the surf beach followed by a flat and fast bike course. The run will tie up the day's exciting events with a two lap course around Mooloolaba's Esplanade lined with spectators. Discover more about the course.
IRONMAN 70.3 Sunshine Coast provides a fitting warm up for those athletes heading over to Kona to take on the IRONMAN World Championship in October.


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The February SIP Trunk Seminars were a great success. Thank you to everyone who attended. I am proud to say we had more people in attendance at the last Seminars than ever before. If you missed any of our very... Full Story
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owner Inditex and H&M report strong sales growth
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[June 11, 2014]
By Sarah Morris
MADRID (Reuters) - The
world's two top fashion retailers Zara owner Inditex and
Hennes & Mauritz reported strong sales growth on
Wednesday, benefiting from a recovery in consumer
spending in their core markets in Europe.
Inditex, whose brands also include upmarket Massimo Dutti and teen
label Stradivarius, said sales rose 11 percent in local currencies
between Feb. 1 and June 8, accelerating from the 8 percent it
recorded in the year to Jan. 31.
While net profit fell 7.3 percent to 406 million euros ($553
million), the biggest decline in five years due to the strength of
the euro, that still beat analysts' average forecast thanks to
better-than-expected cost control.
Inditex is benefiting from the start of a recovery in its home
market Spain where it still makes about one fifth of sales. Spanish
retail sales rose 0.7 percent year-on-year in April, the first
increase in three months.
Sweden's H&M said sales rose 19 percent in May, its fastest growth
in six months and easily beating analyst forecasts. However, H&M
said the figures were boosted about 3-4 percentage points by
calendar effects, which would be reversed in June.
H&M said there was one extra Saturday shopping day this May than
last year and fewer holidays when stores were closed in some
countries, such as its top market Germany.
H&M and Inditex have outperformed the wider clothing market in
recent years, helped by their focus on fast-changing fashions and
low prices, with the Spanish firm having the edge thanks in part to
its greater presence in developing economies.
H&M and Inditex shares were both up over 1 percent at 1000 GMT,
within a European retail sector down 0.3 percent.
"Inditex continues to deliver strong operational performance," said
Bernstein analyst Jamie Merriman. "We continue to believe Inditex
has the best business model in apparel retail, and that there is a
significant opportunity for space opening for Inditex ahead."
Inditex's first-quarter sales rose 4.3 percent to 3.75 billion
While its gross profit margin slipped to 58.9 percent from 59.6
percent a year ago, that still beat forecasts as operating expenses
rose less quickly than expected, and was well ahead of the 54.9
percent H&M posted for the three months ended Feb. 28.
Inditex Chief Executive Pablo Isla told a conference call for
analysts that he expected a stable gross margin for 2014.
The Spanish firm said it would launch online sales in South Korea
and Mexico in September in addition to the 25 markets where it
already has an e-commerce presence, and would start a store in
China's Tmall online marketplace in the autumn/winter season.
[to top of second column]
Chief Financial Officer Ignacio Fernandez said he expected negative
currency effects to lessen considerably towards the end of the year
if foreign exchange rates continue at current levels.
Over a third of Inditex's sales are made outside Europe and
currencies such as the Japanese yen, Turkish lira and Russian rouble
have lost between 14 and 21 percent against the euro in the last
The translation effect in the first quarter was particularly
significant for Inditex in markets such as Russia where the retailer
has more than 386 stores and where it charges higher prices than
home market Spain.
Zara saves on the expense of traditional advertising, relying on
free media coverage of celebrities wearing its clothes, such as the
Spanish queen-to-be Princess Letizia.
The retailer founded by Spain's richest man Amancio Ortega said it
would propose a 5-for-1 share split at its annual meeting, a move
often taken by companies when their share price is very high.
Shareholders will receive five shares for every share they own at
the close of business on July 25. The new shares will begin trading
on July 28.
Inditex shares first hit the 100 euro mark around 18 months ago and
have been at or around this level since then, reaching a record high
of 121.8 euros at the end of October.
(Additional reporting by Mia Shanley in Stockholm; Editing by Erica
Billingham and Mark Potter)
[© 2014 Thomson Reuters. All rights
2014 Reuters. All rights reserved. This material may not be
published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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text:
A partnership establishes communication and a heartbeat between clusters. One cluster can participate in several partnerships. A protection group establishes data replication between partner clusters. You can configure several protection groups for a partnership, with each protection group replicating different data between the partner clusters.
The following figure illustrates a geographically distributed topology that demonstrates intercluster relationships.
Figure 7 Geographically Distributed Topology
The Geographic Edition framework enables you to configure multiple partnerships for a cluster with heartbeats between partner clusters. For example, the Geneva-London-Rome-Berlin topology contains a central cluster in Geneva that forms three separate partnerships with clusters in London, Rome, and Berlin. The partnerships require two-way Internet connections between the following cluster pairs: London and Geneva, Rome and Geneva, and Berlin and Geneva. These partnerships enable the cluster in Geneva to detect failures of the clusters in London, Berlin, and Rome by exchanging heartbeats.
Each partnership has a protection group so that the primary clusters in London, Rome, and Berlin can replicate data to the cluster in Geneva as a secondary cluster.
The following figure illustrates a geographically distributed topology that demonstrates intercluster relationships.
The Paris-New York topology has two clusters that form a partnership with two protection groups. Each cluster is the primary cluster for one protection group, and the secondary cluster for the other protection group. The partnership requires a two-way Internet connection between the two clusters for intercluster management and heartbeats. The two clusters must have a data replication link to support data replication for two protection groups.
In the Geneva-London-Rome-Berlin topology, the cluster in Geneva could become the primary cluster for any of the three protection groups. However, the cluster in Geneva must have adequate provisioning to run all the services that are offered by the application resource groups.
For example, if the cluster in Rome is shut down for maintenance, the cluster in Geneva could be the new primary cluster by using a controlled switchover for the Rome-Geneva protection group. As the new primary cluster for the Rome-Geneva protection group, the cluster in Geneva would host the services that are provided by the application resource groups of the Rome-Geneva protection group. The cluster in Geneva would simultaneously serve as the secondary cluster for the clusters in London and Berlin.
Similarly, in the Paris-New York topology, either cluster could take over as the primary cluster to both protection groups if the partner cluster were unexpectedly lost.


text:
The Rise Of Theatrical-On-Demand: What's Working/
By Scott Glosserman
A year ago I was having breakfast with Ted Hope, but I didn't know it.
Attending Sundance's Art House Convergence Conference in Midway, Utah, (a coming together think tank of progressive art houses and independent theatres), I found myself sitting at a communal breakfast table, conversing with Ben Galewsky, a co-op expert who was applying his preferred model to a small theatre in Champaign, Illinois.
The collective mood at the conference was cautious and guarded. Theatre owners commiserated over Fox Searchlight's recent letter vowing to end shipments of 35mm prints, essentially requiring indie houses to retrofit for digital projection or to get used to solely showing repertory titles. Yet, sales reps for VPF's (Virtual Print Fees) weren't revealing their deal structures. Indie exhibs were looking for answers, but little at the time were understood, much less given.
Ben surmised that capital could be raised for retrofitting theatres by converting to a co-op model and thereby turning to the community for assistance where participating banks were not to be found. Since over $100 million in independent film financing has already been crowdfunded through Kickstarter I am hopeful that Ben's endeavor to crowdfund for indie exhibitors has also met with success and I am eager to find out during this year's Art House Convergence that begins today.
Over our breakfast buffets, I explained to Ben the meaning behind a term we'd recently trademarked, Theatrical On Demand℠ style distribution. I was hopeful that my start-up, Gathr, could apply crowdfunding concepts to the crowd-sourcing of critical masses of theatrical audiences, through our online platform. Simply, a movie-goer would request a screening of a film and tell us when/where it should be shown, and if enough people were to reserve tickets to the screening by pre-authorizing their credit cards, we'd 'greenlight' the screening and collect the money for distribution/exhibition up front so that we'd at least be at breakeven the moment we had actually booked the engagement.
Here we were, two folks new to the theatrical distribution/exhibition business, both armed with ideas -- albeit his a very old concept and mine a very new one -- for preserving a segment of the industry seemingly headed towards a cliff. As green as I was at the time, I was confident that assuming we could aggregate and consolidate the theatrical audience demand before a distributor and exhibitor committed to an engagement, we would create no-risk, found-money for everyone in the theatrical distribution food chain.
That was when I noticed a guy in a ragged sweater and glasses raise an eyebrow from the other side of the table.
"You need a mid-step," he said. "You'll want to build interest first -- see where your demand is." A moment later he introduced himself as Ted Hope. And, that's when I realized that the guy I'd heard about and read about for over a decade during my time as a filmmaker -- the guy who in half an hour was going to deliver the closing address at the Conference -- the guy to whom somehow I wanted to introduce myself and with whom I wanted to discuss my concept, was sitting across from me and listening to my 'pitch'.
From our beta launch in March, through our stumbles and successes, Ted has been a mentor of ours. When he asked me, recently, for an update on screenings and such I was more than obliged. Ted, although we're still perfecting the mid-step, here are a few anecdotes and takeaways from two of our projects, and a look at our most promising title, GIRL RISING, scheduled for release in March:
Written, directed, produced, edited and scored by Kurt Kuenne
This black and white, untraditional narrative jewel box of a festival film darling garnered fans and awards wherever it screened. Yet, the movie didn't have a prayer at a traditional theatrical release. Although ancillary rights were picked up, Kurt would have had to have risked his own capital on self-distribution if he wanted to share his film with others on the big screen for commercial exploitation. His film is a microcosm of the countless quality niche films out there that aren't broad enough for even a limited theatrical release.
With no marketing and advertising spend, but rather the passion and persistence of a filmmaker, Kurt was able to 'tip' 15 screenings of SHUFFLE around the country. In places such as Cleveland and St. Louis, we enlisted the support of film festivals (CIFF and SLIFF) where SHUFFLE had screened to promote an 'encore' presentation to their subscribers, thus addressing the age-old festival post-screening audience question, "How can I share this film with my friends? Where can I see it again?" Answer: Don't wait for it to come to you. Gathr it!
In far-flung Port Angeles, Washington, the film's costume designer brought together close to 200 people to watch the film and stay for a post-screening discussion. Kurt's efforts were greeted by grateful cinephiles appreciative of his past work and receptive to supporting his current endeavors. Kurt can tap and manage an ever-growing fan-base of his while we take away the barriers of entry for self-distribution. We were also happy to provide Kurt with a foreign sales agent so he can get his film seen by even more people.
Directed by Emmett Malloy
This SXSW audience award-winning, GRAMMY nominated music documentary featuring Mumford & Sons, Old Crow Medicine Show, and Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeroes had slightly higher expectations than SHUFFLE because of the significant online reach of the film's cast. The movie deserves its place in the canon of all time great music documentaries, so it was a 'sell' that the Mumfords and other participants could feel really good about getting behind.
BIG EASY EXPRESS debuted on iTunes and other ancillary platforms before Gathr joined the picture, which presented challenges for us. The most obvious was that the exclusivity angle of its theatrical window was eliminated. Who knows how many folks chose to stay home to watch the film; but more importantly, having the film release online or on VOD before (or concurrently with) a theatrical release alienated several theatrical circuits that stand in solidarity against this type of 'day-and-date' distribution strategy and simply refuse to exhibit the picture. This, in turn, prevented us from being able to service the theatrical demand for the film when a screening was requested in an area where only the reluctant theatres had a presence.
Nevertheless, we have had over a hundred screenings of BIG EASY EXPRESS. Also, because we book traditional theatrical engagements in addition to our TOD℠ method, we have been able to accommodate the desires of theatres that want to book a run for the film, or that simply want to guarantee the one-off screening. (There have been several instances on films for which we augment the distribution of a traditional distributor where the theatre has refused the distributor a week-long booking, but engaged us for a one night screening in order to mitigate their risk and in order to consolidate the audience).
Had the content owner engaged a traditional distribution company, alone, for BIG EASY EXPRESS, the film would have likely seen a 10 market, 2 week release, with a handful of additional theatres requesting the film for screenings. Because of the way our model works, we have been actively screening the film since September, and show no signs of stopping. We recently sold out a January 15th screening at Josh Levin's wonderful West End Cinema in Washington, DC, in fact. The content owner hasn't had to spend a dime on marketing and publicity, but they have been able to leverage the impressive reach of their casts' fan bases.
Directed by Richard E. Robbins
GIRL RISING is as ambitious as a kwasi-documentary gets. The film, shot in 10 locations around the world, has attracted the voices of Meryl Streep, Priyanka Chopra, Anne Hathaway, Kerry Washington, Alicia Keys and Selena Gomez, to name a few. Its objective is to effect change for the more than 66 million girls around the world who don't have access to school. We are Gathr'ing screenings for International Women's Day, March 8th, and beyond.
With this film, we are fortunate to not only have a significant amount of social media muster, but a great deal of traditional marketing muscle, as well. Corporate partners, Intel and Google, and several prominent NGO's are committed to creating consumer awareness. Additionally, we will have an exclusive theatrical window of over 90 days before the film debuts on CNN, worldwide. These circumstances enable us to exhibit in virtually any theatre, anywhere. We could not ask for a better opportunity to prove large scale demand in our business model; for the filmmakers and producers have chosen to democratize theatrical distribution by exclusively employing our bottom-up model. Their goal is a minimum of 1000 screenings and we are pursuing it with great alacrity.
Ted, recently the Met Cinema rose from the ashes with a community-driven 'crowd-sourced' subscription model to save Oakhurst, California's only cinema. Many theatres continue to struggle and many deserving films continue to be overlooked, and a few of us continue to pursue innovative ways to keep the theatrical experience robust with myriad film choices. Movies are meant to be seen in theatres, with crowds. Crowdsourcing via online platforms gives exhibitors, distributors, content owners and movie-goers a wonderful opportunity to access theatrical audiences in an innovative, cost-effective way. The Art House Convergence Conference, commencing today, brings together the most proactive of these leaders and I know you share my enthusiasm for seeing what ideas are working and what new ones are yet to come.
Scott Glosserman founded Gathr in August of 2011 after producing and directing his latest feature, THE TRUTH BELOW, for MTV Films. Scott is a member of the Screen Actors Guild, The Writers Guild of America and the Directors Guild of America.


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VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwire - Nov. 22, 2012) - Madison Pacific Properties Inc. (TSX:MPC)(TSX:MPC.C) (the Company) a Vancouver-based real estate company announces the results of operations for the eight months ended August 31, 2012. The Company changed its year end from December 31 to August 31 effective in 2012.
The results reported are pursuant to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for public companies.
For the eight months ended August 31, 2012 the Company is reporting net income of $15.1 million; cash flows from operating activities, before changes in non-cash operating balances, of $5.1 million; and income per share of $0.26. Included in net income is a pre-tax net gain on fair value adjustment on investment properties of $12.9 million. The Company did not dispose of any property in the eight month period.
For the twelve months ended December 31, 2011 the Company reported net income of $30.2 million; cash flows from operating activities before, changes in non-cash operating balances, of $5.9 million; and income per share of $0.51. Included in net income was a pre-tax gain on disposition of investment property of $3.1 million and a pre-tax gain on fair value adjustment on investment property of $7.4 million.
Excluding properties held for sale the Company owns over $280 million in investment properties comprising 1.5 million rentable sq. ft. of industrial and commercial space. As at August 31, 2012 over 99% of the available space, excluding property that was under development, was leased.
For a review of the risks and uncertainties to which the Company is subject see the August 31, 2012 annual MD&A.
Contact Information:


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Carlyle bust joins storied line of hotel gambling rings: Echoes
This month, FBI agents descended on the Helly Nahmad Gallery at the Carlyle Hotel on Manhattan's Upper East Side.
Hillel "Helly" Nahmad, the gallery's owner, was charged with running a high-stakes gambling operation in New York and Los Angeles that attracted multimillionaires and billionaires. Though the gallery was only a tenant of the hotel, the allegations -- which include suggestions that Nahmad coordinated his efforts with powerful Russian mobsters -- evoke the long intertwined history of hospitality, gangsters and games of chance.
Before the early 1800s, games of cards often took place at the local tavern. In the 19th century, as many industries spun off from taverns (hotels, restaurants, clubs and saloons), gambling also developed its own specialized institutions: gambling houses and halls, riverboat saloons and the posh palaces of Gold Rush San Francisco.
But the tenuous legality of betting meant that these businesses would often fold, pushing gamblers toward clandestine operations in other service-sector businesses, such as saloons, bachelor apartment houses and hotels. In 1894, New York state helped consolidate gambling into hotel life by passing a constitution that banned "lottery or the sale of lottery tickets, pool-selling, book-making, or any other kind of gambling."
Illegal gambling in and around hotels flourished. Floating poker games were often played in hotel rooms and became more popular when district attorneys cracked down on free-standing gambling houses. The same pattern applied to prostitution -- enforcement pushed it from brothels to the streets and anonymous hotel rooms -- as well as the sale of liquor after Prohibition. The unintended consequence of greater vigilance against such crimes was that criminals sought cover inside legitimate businesses.
It may be that Chief Koehler meant this facetiously; when District Attorney Edward Swann of New York County announced a crackdown on hotel gambling in 1918, he was more direct. "The managers of the hotels," he wrote, "know what is going on in their establishments and cannot easily escape responsibility."
Hotel managers' ignorance seems especially unlikely when it comes to the highest-rolling gambling rings, such as New York's Partridge Club, which attracted judges, retired police officers, attorneys and ex-Fire Commissioner John O'Brien to rooms at the Ritz-Carlton.
When a police captain confronted the management of the hotel, the game moved across town to the Imperial.
And hotel lobbies and bars were a good place to snare tourists looking for a game. It became common practice for professional gamblers to send "runners" to snag out-of-town "boobs" to be fleeced.
The greatest of all the hotel gamblers was Arnold Rothstein. Best known for fixing the 1919 Black Sox World Series (which he may not have actually done), and for his portraits as Nathan Detroit in "Guys and Dolls" and Meyer Wolfsheim in "The Great Gatsby," Rothstein got his start running a floating craps game in New York.
He later said: "I always gambled. I can't remember when I didn't. Maybe I gambled to show my father he couldn't tell me what to do, but I don't think so. I think I gambled because I loved the excitement."
Rothstein eventually graduated to other crimes -- bootlegging, drugs, prostitution and labor racketeering -- and to some legitimate businesses, such as his ownership of the Fairfield Hotel on West 72nd Street.
But his love of gambling endured. In the summer of 1928, he dropped in on a game run by George "Hump" McManus and lost $322,000 over the course of two days and a night. He left the game without paying, promising that he would soon have cash on hand.
Many weeks later, sitting at his regular table at Lindy's, he got a phone call summoning him to Room 349 at the Park Central Hotel. He placed a bet -- $60,000 on Herbert Hoover to win the presidential election -- got up from his chair, and walked out of Lindy's.
Hours later, the hotel detective found him at the bottom of the service stairs, shot in the groin. He lingered for a couple more days in the hospital, refusing to say who shot him, and died. The Park Central was later renamed the Park Sheraton, and in 1957, Albert Anastasia, another gangster who also knew something about gambling, was shot dead in its barber shop.


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January Radishes
That I have been neglecting this site is undeniable. I have been conflicted about how and why to continue. In the Pinterest era, it is easy to believe that there is someone else out there who is better, neater, tidier, and thensome than anything I have to offer.
But that's the thing, isn't it?
Tightly framed shots. Perfectly placed bokeh backlighting. Marvelous antique silver cachepot somethingorothers.
Does anyone really live like that? I travel in some pretty well-heeled circles, and I don't know anyone who does.
For the last year or so, I've struggled with Cottage Industrialist. It has brought me incredible pleasure, helped me to forge real-life friends, and helped me soldier through some tough times. But I have become increasingly concerned that I have been a part of selling a fantasy. A fantasy in which I do not—and do not want to—live.
In late December of 2008, I posted a calendar on my blog, which was then only a few months old. I sent a PDF of the calendar to a blogger I admired. She never wrote back. I printed off a few copies for family members and moved on. And then on December 31, the hits started rolling in. First by the hundreds and then by the thousands. Some other well-known blogger I'd never heard of had found the calendars and posted a link in her year-end round up. And, overnight I went from having a handful of friends and random Norweigans reading my site to being (okay, feeling like) an internet sensation. And, well, that felt pretty fricking good.
To my great delight, a lot of the people who came for free calendars stuck around and became a part of a community of big-hearted people who appreciated the same things I did and encouraged me personally as I tried to figure out how to pursue them amidst the pressures of being a mom, wife, lawyer, daughter, sister, and friend.
That and, I would soon learn, they (along with every other person on the internet) REALLY liked calendars.
For the next few years, I would spend much of November and December trying my best to outdo myself, trying to please the clamoring hordes. I tried humor one year. The next I taught myself to paint. Seriously.
This year, as October and November and December ebbed farther and farther along, the annual pressure to come up with a calendar felt lopsided and weird. I've never let up with my industrialist ways at home. But over the last year or so, I've decided to back off of documenting my every crafty or culinary move for the world to see. So why keep up the calendar business? Hadn't it run it's course?
But. Two things:
1. Radishes.
Two years ago, when I set out to do the drawings that became the basis of the Seasonal Produce Calendar 1.0, I had a file that I worked on for HOURS. It was a bunch of radishes. And I loved those damned radishes. But I ran out of room for them. And never finished them. I can't tell you how many radishes I've drawn since. It's like they're trying to tell me something.
2. Emails.
The Internet gets a pretty bad rap. Creepy ads for Viagra and Cialis and mail-order brides. Spam chain letters and flame wars and anonymous comment trolls. But, in my experience, the Internet is full of kind, lovely people. WHO FREAKING LOVE CALENDARS. And who write forceful, if very polite, emails requesting same. Posthaste, please.
It's late. Your January is one-quarter finished. You are likely penciling in your February obligations.
And all I have for you is this radish. This single, winter radish.
But that's the thing. It's not perfect—radishes rarely are. But they are bright, red spots in winter's dreary harvest. They are a promise of spring's plump peaches, of summer's bright red tomatoes. And so, in a way, this single radish is my promise to you few who remain, who pester me (eversogently) for the next installment in this Julian madness. There will be more to come. In the fullness and ripeness of time.
You never know when the next bumper crop is on the way...
Download January here. Be not a jerk. Do not sell, alter, or redistribute, please.