text:
|Minneapolis-St. Paul
U.S. Census Bureau Areas
|Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud CSA, MN-WI[1]
|Minnesota counties
|Anoka · Carver · Chisago · Dakota · Goodhue · Hennepin · Isanti · McLeod · Ramsey · Rice · Scott · Sherburne · Stearns · Washington · Wright
|Wisconsin counties
|Pierce · St. Croix
|Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington MSA, MN-WI[3]
|Largest city
|Other cities
|Saint Paul · Bloomington · Brooklyn Park · Plymouth · Eagan · Burnsville . Eden Prairie . Maple Grove . Coon Rapids
|489.7/sq mi.[5] (189.06/km²)
|6,364.12 total sq mi. (16483.07 km²)
|Minnesota counties
|Anoka · Carver · Chisago · Dakota · Hennepin · Isanti · Ramsey · Scott · Sherburne · Washington · Wright
|Wisconsin counties
|Pierce · St. Croix
|Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN Urbanized Area[6]
|Area codes
|612 · 651 · 763 · 952
|Minnesota counties
|Anoka · Carver · Dakota · Hennepin · Ramsey · Scott · Washington
Minneapolis-Saint Paul is the most populous urban area in the state of Minnesota, United States, and is composed of 186 cities and townships.[8] Built around the Mississippi, Minnesota and St. Croix rivers, the area is also nicknamed The Twin Cities for its two largest cities, Minneapolis and Saint Paul, the former the larger and the latter the state capital.
The area is part of a larger U.S. Census division named Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI, the country's 16th-largest metropolitan area composed of eleven counties in Minnesota and two counties in Wisconsin.[4] This larger area in turn is enveloped in the U.S. Census combined statistical area called Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI with an estimated population of 3.5 million people in 2006, ranked the 13th most populous in the U.S. [2]
To remind everyone there were actually two cities, people started using the phrase Dual Cities around 1872, which evolved into Twin Cities.[9] Despite the "Twin" moniker, the two cities are independent municipalities with defined borders and are quite distinct from each other. Minneapolis has more broad boulevards, easily navigable grid layout, and modern downtown architecture. Saint Paul has narrower streets laid out much more irregularly, clannish neighborhoods, and a vast collection of well preserved late-Victorian architecture.[10] Also of some note is the differing cultural backgrounds of the two cities: Minneapolis being affected by its early (and still influential) Scandinavian/Lutheran heritage, while St. Paul was touched by its early French, Irish and German Catholic roots.[11]
Often, the area is referred to as simply the Cities by those who live outside the Twin Cities, both within Minnesota and in the nearby areas of Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan (especially the Upper Peninsula), the Dakotas and Canada. Today, the two cities directly border each other and their downtown districts are about 9 miles (14 km) apart. The Twin Cities are generally said to be in "east central" Minnesota. The Cities draw commuters from as far away as Rochester, St. Cloud, Albert Lea, Mankato and Eau Claire.
The U.S. Census Bureau defines the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area as a region of eleven counties in Minnesota and two in neighboring Wisconsin, an area which had a population of nearly three million people (2,968,805) in 2000. The area is growing rapidly; its population is projected to increase to four million in 20 years, and the Minnesota counties alone were estimated to have a population of 3,090,377 as of April 1, 2005.[12] Bloomington, Minnesota, home of the Mall of America, is the third-largest city in the metro area and is in close contention for third place in the state, coming in at just about the same size as Duluth and Rochester in the 2000 census. Most locals do not consider Bloomington to be a major city but a very large suburb. Since the 2000 Census it has been included as a named city in the MSA.
When speaking of the Twin Cities many locals are referring to an older seven-county area entirely within Minnesota, which is under the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Council. The seven-county metro area contains a continguous urbanized area stretching from each core city with the exception of a few satellite cities. It is common for outstate Minnesotans to refer to the area as The Cities since the metro area is subdivided into distinct municipalities. The multiple "rings" of suburbs extending from the core area results from limited annexation powers in the early 20th century which halted the expansion of Minneapolis and Saint Paul.[13] Under current state legislation, an incorporated city status is more protected from annexation than townships (or towns).[13] Presently, there are 188 municipalities in the seven-county region and 334 in the total eleven-county region ("Greater Twin Cities"). This differs from other major cities and associated metropolitan areas where the central city is the primary landholder.
The majority of Minnesota residents live in the Twin Cities region, but fewer than one in four people in the metro area lives in the two core cities—even though most metro area residents will indicate they are from Minneapolis or St. Paul(or most commonly, "The Twin Cities") on a national level. The Twin Cities share a common cultural lore in arts, media, food, celebration, and history.[14][15] Twin Citians also still primarily work in the two core cities.[16] The metropolitan area is one of several distinct regions of Minnesota.
Minneapolis and St. Paul have competed since they were founded, resulting in some duplication of effort.[17] Both cities have campuses of the University of Minnesota, and after St. Paul completed its elaborate Cathedral in 1915, Minneapolis quickly followed up with the equally ornate Basilica of St. Mary in 1926. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the rivalry became so intense that an architect practicing in one city was often refused business in the other. The 1890 United States Census even led to the two cities arresting and/or kidnapping each other's census takers, in an attempt to keep either city from outgrowing the other.[18][19][20]
The rivalry could occasionally erupt into inter-city violence, as happened at a 1923 game between the Minneapolis Millers and the St. Paul Saints, both baseball teams of the American Association. In the 1950s, both cities competed for a major league baseball franchise (which resulted in two rival stadiums being built), and there was a brief period in the mid-1960s where the two cities could not agree on a common calendar for daylight saving time, resulting in a period of a few weeks where people in Minneapolis were one hour "ahead" of anyone living or traveling in St. Paul.
The cities' mutual antagonism was largely healed by the end of the 1960s, aided by the simultaneous arrival in 1961 of the Minnesota Twins of the American League and the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League, both of which identified themselves with the state as a whole (the former explicitly named for both Twin Cities) and not with either of the major cities (unlike the earlier Minneapolis Lakers). Since 1961, it has been common practice for any major sports team based in the Twin Cities to be named for Minnesota as a whole, with the Twins and Vikings followed by the Minnesota North Stars (1967–93), Minnesota Muskies (1967–68), Minnesota Moose (1994–1996), Minnesota Pipers (1968–69), Minnesota Fighting Saints (1972–77), Minnesota Kicks (1976–81), Minnesota Strikers (1984–88), Minnesota Timberwolves (1989–present), Minnesota Thunder (1990–2009), Minnesota Lynx (1999–present), Minnesota Wild (2000–present), Minnesota Swarm (2005–present), and NSC Minnesota Stars (2010–Present). In terms of development, the two cities remain distinct in their progress, with Minneapolis absorbing new and avant-garde architecture while St. Paul continues to carefully integrate new buildings into the context of classical and Victorian styles.[17]
The Twin Cities area is considered by Minnesotans as the capital for the arts of the Upper Midwest, the lead region among others such as the Twin Ports (Duluth, Minnesota-Superior, Wisconsin), Madison, Wisconsin and Milwaukee, Wisconsin (though it is fair to say that Madison and Milwaukee are more easily grouped and identified with the Chicago-dominated region). There is a very high per-capita attendance of theatrical, musical, and comedy events across the area, which some believe may be boosted by the cold winters but can be more realistically attributed to the large number of colleges and universities and to a generally strong economy, providing strong supply and demand for arts. In 2000, 2.3 million theater tickets were sold in the region. There are more theater seats per capita than in any other American city besides New York City.[21]
Minnesotan musicians from all genres have gained notoriety over the years, with the singing Andrews Sisters gaining worldwide prominence during World War II, followed most notably by Hibbing, MN native Bob Dylan (who launched his career playing free shows on the West Bank of the University of Minnesota Minneapolis campus), to the rise of punk rockers like the Suicide Commandos, the Suburbs, Hüsker Dü, The Replacements, Soul Asylum, and the rhythm and blues stylings of Morris Day and the Time and Prince in the 1980s. R&B mega-producing team Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis have origins in the Twin Cities, and musicians Lester Young and Jonny Lang grew up in the Twin Cities.
These later sources brought the Minneapolis music scene to national attention; the period from about 1977 to 1987 was a period of incredible dynamism in the Minneapolis music scene, with offshoots in the punk scene including Soul Asylum, Babes in Toyland, the Clams, Rocksteady Breakfast, and many other seminal favorites, while Prince's immense power in the industry (which peaked during this period) created a Rhythm and Blues mini-empire at his Paisley Park Studios, based in suburban Chanhassen.
While contemporary local artists continue to enjoy critical acclaim — examples include hip-hop duo Atmosphere and frontman Slug's label Rhymesayers Entertainment; Saint Paul's independent record label Kamorra Entertainment; alternative metal band American Head Charge; and commercially successful pop-rockers Semisonic — things have slowed considerably, but the Twin Cities are still the region's musical hotbed. The area has also shown an unusual affinity for certain artists. For instance, while largely unnoticed on their home turf in New York City, the Twin Cities accounted for the majority of national sales for Soul Coughing's second album Irresistible Bliss during its first eight weeks of release; this followed from the fledgling fan that Soul Coughing found here while touring for their first effort, Ruby Vroom. The legendary First Avenue also is noted as the first venue to let the now worldwide famous Nickelback perform when they were turned down elsewhere. The Hold Steady have their origins in the Twin Cities and make frequent references to them in their lyrics.
There are a number of record labels located in the Twin Cities, including the hip-hop label Rhymesayers Entertainment (whose staff also operate a record store beneath their Uptown office)[22] and 50 Entertainment (the best-staffed label in the Twin Cities, with 8 staff and 12 interns managing their two signed bands)[23].
Minnesota and Wisconsin have also contributed significantly to comedy in its many different forms. Garrison Keillor is known around the country for resurrecting the old-style radio comedy with A Prairie Home Companion. Local television had the satirical show The Bedtime Nooz in the 1960s, while area natives Lizz Winstead and Craig Kilborn helped create the increasingly influential Daily Show decades later. The standup scene of Minneapolis-St. Paul during the 1980s and 1990s was a major force in national comedy. The Brave New Workshop, the nation's oldest satirical sketch comedy theatre, is in Minneapolis, and home to Improv A Go Go and the Twin Cities Improv Festival. Joel and Ethan Coen have produced many films featuring dark comedy, and numerous others brought the offbeat cult shows Mystery Science Theater 3000 and Let's Bowl to the national cable-waves from the Twin Cities.
There are a number of lakes in the region, and cities in the area have some very extensive park systems for recreation. Organized recreation includes the Great River Energy bicycle festival, the Twin Cities Marathon, and the U.S. pond hockey championships. Some studies have shown that area residents take advantage of this, and are among the most physically fit in the country, though others have disputed that. Nonetheless, medicine is a major industry in the region and the southeasterly city of Rochester, as the University of Minnesota has joined other colleges and hospitals in doing significant research, and major medical device manufacturers started in the region (the most prominent is Medtronic). Technical innovators have brought important advances in computing, including the Cray line of supercomputers.
It is common for residents of the Twin Cities area to own or share cabins and other properties along lakes and forested areas in the central and northern regions of the state, and weekend trips "up North" happen through the warmer months. Ice fishing is also a major pastime in the winter, although each year some overambitious fishermen find themselves in dangerous situations when they venture out onto the ice too early or too late. Hunting, snowmobiling, ATV riding and numerous other outdoor activities are also popular. This connectedness with the outdoors also brings a strong sense of environmentalism to many Minnesotans.
According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, the population of the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area was 3,197,225. Approximately 49.7% of the population was male and 50.3% were female.
The age composition was as follows:
Median age: 36.3 years
The racial/ethnic composition was as follows:
Source: [24]
NOTE: The above source covers the information given on population, gender, age, and the racial and ethnic compositions.
The top ten largest European ancestries were the following:
Approximately 91.2% of the metropolitan area's population was native to the United States. Approximately 90.6% were born in the U.S. while 0.6% were born in Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory, or born abroad to American parents. The rest of the population (8.8%) were foreign-born.
The highest percentages of immigrants came from Asia (38.2%), Latin America (25.4%), and Africa (20.1%); smaller percentages of newcomers came from Europe (13.1%), other parts of North America (3.0%), and Oceania (0.2%).
English is by far the most commonly spoken language at home by residents; approximately 88.0% of the population over the age of five spoke only English at home. The rest of the population (12.0%) spoke non-English languages. Spanish speakers made up 4.1% of the population; speakers of Asian languages made up 3.6% of the population; speakers of other Indo-European languages made up 2.4% of the population. Individuals who spoke languages other than the ones above represented the remaining 1.9% of the populace.
Source: [25]
NOTE: The above source covers the information given on the European ancestries, places of birth, and languages spoken at home.
Minneapolis-Saint Paul is also a major center for religion in the state, especially Christianity. The state headquarters of the missionary efforts of four churches are found here: The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, the Episcopal Diocese of Minnesota the Presbyterian Synod of Lakes and Prairies and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon) Minnesota Mission find themselves in, respectively, Saint Paul and Minneapolis; Minneapolis; and Bloomington (for both the Presbyterian and LDS(Mormon) Churches).
The headquarters of the former American Lutheran Church (TALC), Evangelical Lutheran Church, Lutheran Free Church and the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church were located in Minneapolis; the headquarters of Augsburg Fortress publishing house still is. The Minneapolis Area Synod and the Saint Paul Area Synod are the first and third largest synods of the ELCA, respectively.
The Evangelical Free Church of America has its headquarters in Bloomington.
The Twin Cities have always had a Jewish population and are home to several Jewish synagogues. The Twin Cities' Jewish population is concentrated in the western suburbs of Minneapolis with large numbers of Jewish people residing in Golden Valley, St. Louis Park and Minnetonka. There is also a strong Indian community and in 2006, the first Hindu temple opened in the Twin Cities suburb of Maple Grove. A recent influx of immigrants from Laos and Northern Africa has brought many more religions to the area. There are several Islamic Masjids in the area .There is a temple for the religion of Eckankar in the suburb of Chanhassen known as the Temple of Eck. In addition, Hmong and Tibetan Buddhist communities exist in Saint Paul; a Hmong Buddhist temple opened in suburban Roseville in 1995. The area's first Mormon temple opened in Oakdale, a suburb east of Saint Paul, in 2000. There are several very strong Unitarian Universalist communities such as the First Unitarian Society of Minneapolis, as well as several Pagan and Buddhist groups.
|Minnesota Twins
|Major League Baseball; AL
|Target Field
|World Series:1987, 1991
|Minnesota Vikings
|American football
|National Football League; NFC
|Mall of America Field at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome
|NFL/NFC Championship: 1969, 1974, 1975, 1977
|Minnesota Vixen
|American football
|Women's Professional Football League
|Minnesota Timberwolves
|National Basketball Association; Western
|Target Center
|Minnesota Wild
|Ice hockey
|National Hockey League; Western
|Xcel Energy Center
|Minnesota Swarm
|Indoor lacrosse
|National Lacrosse League; Eastern Division
|Xcel Energy Center
|Minnesota Lynx
|Women's National Basketball Association; Western
|Target Center
|St. Paul Saints
|American Association; North Division
|Midway Stadium
|Northern League Championship: 1993, 1995, 1996, 2004
|Minnesota Thunder
|Football (soccer)
|USL First Division
|National Sports Center
|A-League Championship: 1999
|Minnesota Freeze
|Australian Football
|United States Australian Football League;MAAFL(Mid-American Australian Football League)
|Lake Nokomis Park
|National Champions: 2007 Div II, 2005 Div III
|Minnesota RollerGirls
|Roller derby
|Women's Flat Track Derby Association; Eastern Division
|Roy Wilkins Auditorium
|North Star Roller Girls
|Roller derby
|Women's Flat Track Derby Association; Eastern Division
|Minneapolis Convention Center
Some other sports teams gained their names from being in Minnesota. The Los Angeles Lakers get their name from once being based in Minneapolis, the "City of Lakes" (Minne-"lake" or "water" in Dakota, -polis-"city" in Greek). Minnesota is also known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes". The Dallas Stars got their name from being a Minnesota team, the Minnesota North Stars, as Minnesota is also known as "The North Star State". To avoid favoring either of the Twin Cities, most teams based in the area use only the word Minnesota in their name, rather than Minneapolis or St. Paul.
The annual Twin Cities Marathon is held in the fall with a course running through Minneapolis and St. Paul. Minneapolis was the birthplace of Rollerblade and is a center for inline skating as well as home to the most golfers per capita of any city in the U.S. Additionally, water skiing got its start on Lake Pepin, a short distance southeast of the metropolitan area.
The Republican National Committee held their national nominating convention at the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul. Prior, both cities had combined to submit bids to host both the 2008 Democratic National Convention and the 2008 Republican National Convention. They competed against Denver and New York to host the Democratic Convention, and against New York, Cleveland and Tampa to host the Republican Convention.
The first European settlement in the region was near what is now known as the town of Stillwater, Minnesota. The city is approximately 20 miles (30 km) from downtown Saint Paul and lies on the western bank of the St. Croix River, which forms the border of central Minnesota and Wisconsin. Another settlement that began fueling early interest in the area was the outpost at Fort Snelling, which was constructed from 1820 to 1825 at the confluence of the Minnesota River and the Mississippi River.
Fort Snelling held jurisdiction over the land south of Saint Anthony Falls, thus a town known as Saint Anthony grew just north of the river. For several years, the only European resident to live on the south bank of the river was Colonel John H. Stevens, who operated a ferry service across the river. As soon as the land area controlled by Fort Snelling was reduced, new settlers began flocking across to the new village of Minneapolis. The town grew quickly, and Minneapolis and Saint Anthony eventually merged. On the eastern side of the Mississippi, a few villages such as Pig's Eye and Lambert's Landing developed and would soon grow to become Saint Paul.
Natural geography played a role in the settlement and development of the two cities. The Mississippi River valley in this area is defined by a series of stone bluffs that line both sides of the river. Saint Paul grew up around Lambert's Landing, the last place to unload boats coming upriver at an easily accessible point, some seven miles (11 km) downstream from Saint Anthony Falls, the geographic feature that, due to the value of its immense water power for industry, defined the location of Minneapolis and its prominence as the Mill City. The falls can be seen today from the Mill City Museum, housed in the former Washburn "A" Mill, which was among the world's largest mills in its time.
The oldest farms in the state are located in Washington County, the eastern most county on the Minnesota side of the metropolitan area. Joseph Haskell was Minnesota's first farmer, harvesting the first crops in the state in 1840 on what is now part of Afton Township on Trading Post Trail[26]
The Grand Excursion, a trip into the Upper Midwest sponsored by the Rock Island Railroad, brought more than a thousand curious travelers into the area by rail and steamboat in 1854. The next year, in 1855, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow published The Song of Hiawatha, an epic poem based on the Ojibwe legends of Hiawatha. A number of natural area landmarks were included in the story, such as Lake Minnetonka and Minnehaha Falls. Tourists inspired by the coverage of the Grand Excursion in eastern newspapers and those who read Longfellow's story flocked to the area in the following decades.
At one time, the region also had numerous passenger rail services, including both interurban streetcar systems and interstate rail. Due to the width of the river at points further south, the Minneapolis-Saint Paul area was briefly one of the few places where the Mississippi could be crossed by railroad. A great amount of commercial rail traffic also ran through the area, often carrying grain to be processed at mills in Minneapolis or delivering other goods to Saint Paul to be transported along the Mississippi. Saint Paul had long been at the head of navigation on the river, prior to a new lock and dam facility being added upriver in Minneapolis.
Passenger travel hit its peak in 1888 with nearly eight million traversing to and from the Saint Paul Union Depot. This amounted to approximately 150 trains daily. Before long, other rail crossings were built farther south and travel through the region began to decline. In an effort by the rail companies to combat the rise of the automobile, some of the earliest streamliners ran from Chicago to Minneapolis/Saint Paul and eventually served distant points in the Pacific Northwest. Today, the only vestige of this interstate service comes by Amtrak's Empire Builder train, running once daily in each direction. It is the railroad's busiest long-distance train and is named after James J. Hill, a railroad tycoon who settled on Summit Avenue in Saint Paul at what is now known as the James J. Hill House.
Like many Northern cities that grew up with the Industrial Revolution, Minneapolis and St. Paul experienced shifts in their economic base as heavy industry declined, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. Along with the economic decline of the 60s and 70s came population decline in the central city areas,[27] white flight to suburbs,[28] and, in the summer of 1967, race riots on Minneapolis's North Side.[29] By the 1980s and 1990s, however, Minneapolis and St. Paul were frequently cited as former Rust Belt cities that had made successful transitions to service, high-technology, finance, and information economies.[30]
Along with much of Minnesota, the Twin Cities area was shaped by water and ice over the course of millions of years. The land of the area sits on top of thick layers of sandstone and limestone laid down as seas encroached upon and receded from the region. Erosion caused natural caves to develop, which were expanded into mines when white settlers came to the area. In the time of Prohibition, at least one speakeasy was built into these hidden spaces—eventually refurbished as the Wabasha Street Caves in Saint Paul.
While a few of the caverns have been cleaned up and are safe places, most are not. Over the decades, many people have been injured and killed while exploring them. A number of these incidents involved asphyxiation, sometimes caused by smoldering fires which used up much of the oxygen in the caves and left deadly levels of noxious gases behind.
Because it is comparatively easy to dig through limestone and there are many natural and man-made open spaces, it has often been proposed that the area should examine the idea of building subways for public transportation. In theory, it could be less expensive in the Twin Cities than in many other places, but the cost would still be much greater than surface projects.
Lakes across the area were formed and altered by the movement of glaciers. This left many bodies of water in the region, and unusual shapes may appear. For example, Lake Minnetonka out toward the western side of the Twin Cities consists of a complex arrangement of channels and large bays. Elevations in the metropolitan area range from 1,376 feet (419 m) above sea level in the northwest metro to 666 feet (203 m) at the edge of the Mississippi River in the southeast.
Owing to its northerly latitude and inland location, the Twin Cities experience the coldest climate of any major metropolitan area in the United States.[31] However due to its southern location in the state and aided further by the urban heat island, the Twin Cities is one of the warmest locations in Minnesota.[32] The average annual temperature at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport is 45.4 °F (7.4 °C); 3.5 °F colder than Winona, Minnesota, and 8.8 °F warmer than Roseau, Minnesota. [33] Monthly average daily high temperatures range from 21.9 °F (−5.6 °C) in January to 83.3 °F (28.5 °C) in July; the average daily minimum temperatures for the two months are 4.3 °F (−15.4 °C) and 63.0 °F (17 °C) respectively.[34]
Minimum temperatures of 0 °F (−18 °C) or lower are seen on an average of 29.7 days per year, and 76.2 days do not have a maximum temperature exceeding the freezing point. Temperatures above 90 °F (32 °C) occur an average of 15 times per year. High temperatures above 100 °F have been rare in recent years; the last occurring in July, 2006, during an unusually hot period in which the high temperature exceeded 90 °F on 17 of July's 31 days. The lowest temperature ever reported at the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport was −34 °F (−36.6 °C) on January 22, 1936; the highest, 108 °F (42 °C), was reported on July 14 of the same year.[35]
Precipitation averages 29.41 in (74.7 cm) per year, and is most plentiful in June (4.34 in, 11 cm) and February (0.79 in, 2 cm) the least so. The greatest one-day rainfall amount was 9.15 in (23.2 cm), reported on July 23, 1987. The city's record for lowest annual precipitation was set in 1910, when 11.54 in (29.3 cm) fell throughout the year; coincidentally, the opposite record was set the following year, which observed a total 40.15 in (102 cm).[36] At an average of 56.3 in (143 cm) per year, snowfall is generally abundant (though some recent years have proved an exception).[37]
The Twin Cities area takes the brunt of many types of extreme weather, including high-speed straight-line winds, tornadoes, flash floods, drought, heat, bitter cold, and blizzards. The costliest weather disaster in Twin Cities history was a derecho event on May 15, 1998. Hail and Wind damage exceeded $950 million, much of it in the Twin Cities.[38] Other memorable Twin Cities weather related events include the tornado outbreak on May 6, 1965, the Armistice Day Blizzard on November 11, 1940, and the Halloween Blizzard of 1991.
A normal growing season in the metro extends from late April or early May through the month of October.[39] The USDA places the area in the 4a plant hardiness zone.[40]
The four tallest buildings in the area are located in downtown Minneapolis. The first skyscraper built west of the Mississippi in 1929 was the Foshay Tower. Today there is some contention over exactly which building is the tallest—most Minnesotans would immediately think of the IDS Center if queried on the point, although most sources seem to agree that Capella Tower is slightly taller. But in early 2005, it was found that the IDS Center is taller by a 16-foot (5 m) washroom garage on top, which brings its total height to 792 feet (241 m). Capella Tower and the Wells Fargo Center only differ in height by a foot or two, a rather negligible amount. The IDS has communications towers that definitely are the highest points in Minneapolis, though some suburban broadcast towers in the region reach a much greater height.
Buildings have gone up and been torn down rapidly across the region. Some city blocks have been demolished six or seven times since the mid-19th century, and will undoubtedly reach an eighth or ninth cycle in short order.[41] No single architectural style dominates the region. Instead, the cities have a mish-mash of different designs, although structures from a few eras stand out. There were once a great many stone buildings constructed in the Richardsonian Romanesque style (or at least Romanesque-inspired variants). Minneapolis City Hall is one big example of this, though buildings of all types—including personal residences such as the James J. Hill House—were similarly designed.[42] A few decades later, Art Deco brought several structures that survive today, including St. Paul City Hall, the Foshay Tower, and the Minneapolis Post Office. The style of buildings in the two cities varies greatly. In Minneapolis, the trend has been buildings with sleek lines and modern glass facades while St. Paul tends to follow a more traditional style of buildings so as to better accompany its older structures.
St. Paul and Minneapolis in particular went through some massive urban renewal projects in the post-World War II era, so a vast number of buildings are now lost to history. Some of the larger and harder to demolish structures have survived.[41] In fact, the area might be signified more by bridges than buildings. A series of reinforced concrete arch spans crossing the Mississippi River were built in the 1920s and 1930s. They still carry daily traffic, but remain pleasing to the eye despite their age (a number have undergone major repair work, but retain the original design). Several of the bridges are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. They include the 10th Avenue Bridge, Intercity Bridge (Ford Parkway), Robert Street Bridge, and the longest, the 4119 ft (1255 m) Mendota Bridge next to Fort Snelling. The area is also noted for having the first known permanent crossing of the Mississippi. That structure is long gone, but a series of Hennepin Avenue Bridges have been built since then at the site. Both downtowns have extensive networks of enclosed pedestrian bridges known as skyways. Individually, the cities appear to have the largest such networks outside of Canada. However, the combination of the two cities' networks is believed to make the largest system in the world. Skyways have their drawbacks however. Most prominently, they reduce the amount of foot traffic at street level, so the cities appear to have little activity. An additional problem is that the skyways tend to be closed fairly early—especially in Minneapolis—but they are hives of activity on weekdays.
Several prominent buildings in Minneapolis have helped modernize the city. These include the Walker Art Center, Central Public Library, and the Guthrie Theater. Opened in April 2005, the new Walker Art Center, nearly double in size, includes increased indoor and outdoor facilities. The Walker is recognized internationally as a singular model of a multidisciplinary arts organization and as a national leader for its innovative approaches to audience engagement. The Guthrie received a large amount of media coverage for its opening in June, 2006. The design is the work of architect Jean Nouvel and is a 285,000 square foot (26,500 m²) facility that houses three theaters: (1) the theater's signature thrust stage, seating 1,100, (2) a 700-seat proscenium stage, and (3) a black-box studio with flexible seating. In 2002 the National Trust for Historic Preservation put the old Guthrie building on its list of the most endangered historic properties in the United States in response to plans announced by the Walker Art Center to expand on the land occupied by the theater. However, officials at the Walker Art Center say that the original Guthrie building will be torn down late in the summer of 2006. These building projects have rejuvenated the downtown area.
In the 20th century, the Twin Cities area expanded outward significantly. Automobiles made it possible for suburbs to grow greatly. The area now has a number of freeways to transport people by car. The area incorporates a large number of traffic cameras and ramp meters to monitor and manage traffic congestion. There is some use of high-occupancy vehicle (carpool) lanes, though it is not as pervasive as in other regions. When the roads do become congested, buses are allowed to drive on road shoulders to bypass traffic jams.
Interstate 94 comes into the area from the east and heads northwest from Minneapolis. Two spur routes form the I-494/I-694 loop, and I-394 continues west when I-94 turns north. Additionally, Interstate 35 splits in Burnsville in the southern part of the Twin Cities region, bringing I-35E into St. Paul and I-35W into Minneapolis. (This is one of only two examples of an Interstate highway splitting off into branches and then rejoining into one again; the other split occurs in Dallas-Fort Worth, where I-35 splits into I-35E for motorists who want to go into Dallas, and I-35W for traffic heading into Fort Worth.) They join together again to the north in Forest Lake and continue to the highway's terminus in Duluth.
On Wednesday, August 1, 2007, a large portion of the I-35W Mississippi River bridge near University Avenue in the city of Minneapolis collapsed into the Mississippi River around 6:05pm CDT.[43][44][45] A replacement bridge opened on Thursday, September 18, 2008.
The main airport in the region is Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport (MSP), which is a major hub for Northwest Airlines (now merged with Delta Airlines). A number of other smaller airports are also in the area, a number of which are owned and operated by the Metropolitan Airports Commission (the same organization operates the main MSP airport). Some people even commute by air to the Twin Cities from the northern part of the state.
Metro Transit, by far the biggest bus service provider in the area, owes its existence to the old streetcar lines that ran in the area. Metro Transit provides about 95% of the public transit rides in the region, although some suburbs have other bus services. The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities operates a free bus system on its campus. This system includes the Campus Connector Bus Rapid Transit line which travels between the Minneapolis and St. Paul Campuses by a dedicated bus line, and throughout the two campuses on normal access roads. The Hiawatha Line light rail corridor began regular operations in June 2004, and is run by Metro Transit. In many ways a return to what existed in the past, it is being used as a stepping-stone to other projects.
A variety of rail services are currently being pondered by state and local governments, including neighborhood streetcar systems, intercity light rail service, and commuter rail options out to exurban communities. In addition, Minnesota is one of several states in the Midwest examining the idea of setting up high-speed rail service using Chicago as a regional hub.[46]
The Minneapolis-St. Paul area has been criticized for inadequate public transportation.[47] Compared to many other cities its size, the public transportation system in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area is less robust. As the metropolitan area has grown, the roads and highways have been updated and widened, but traffic volume is growing faster than the projects needed to widen them, and public transportation has not expanded enough to commensurate with the population. The Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area is ranked as the fifth worst for congestion growth of similarly-sized U.S. metropolitan areas.[47] Although a light rail system, the Hiawatha Line, was added in 2004, additional lines and spurs are needed to upgrade public transportation in the Twin Cities. Plans have been proposed for light rail line connecting downtown Minneapolis to the suburb Eden Prairie while another light rail line connecting Minneapolis and St. Paul along University Avenue has been approved. Additionally, a commuter rail line connecting Minneapolis with Big Lake along the Northstar Corridor opened in November 2009; the line may be extended to St. Cloud as ridership numbers warrant.
The Twin Cities have two major daily newspapers: the Star Tribune and the Saint Paul Pioneer Press. Additionally, the Minnesota Daily serves the University of Minnesota's Twin Cities campus and surrounding neighborhoods. There is one general-interest neighborhood weekly newspaper still in the cities: The East Side Review, devoted to the 90,000 residents in the eastern third of St. Paul. Other weekly papers are devoted to specific audiences/demographics including City Pages.
The region is currently ranked as the 13th or 14th largest television market, depending on the source. Twin Cities Public Television operates both KTCA and KTCI. Hubbard Broadcasting Corporation built by Stanley E. Hubbard owns KSTP and has a second TV station, KSTC, which is not affiliated with any network. Diversified from radio, KSTP-TV became the first television channel to air in the region with a show reaching 3,000 television sets in 1948, and the 17th station to broadcast in the U.S.[48]
KMSP and WFTC have now merged as well, and KARE currently has a marketing agreement with KPXM. The only station with its main studios in Minneapolis is WCCO, while St. Paul is host to KSTP/KSTC, KTCA/KTCI, and WUCW. KARE has a sprawling broadcasting complex in west suburban Golden Valley.Other stations are located in the suburbs. For much of the last two decades, WCCO has had the most popular evening newscasts of the area channels. On the other end, KSTP has struggled to maintain ratings on its news programs. KMSP has had a 9 o'clock newscast since at least the early 1990s when it was an independent channel.
Communities in the region have their own public/educational/government-access cable television channels. One channel, the Metro Cable Network, is available on channel 6 on cable systems across the seven-county region.
Several television programs originating in the Twin Cities have been aired nationally on terrestrial and cable TV networks. KTCA created the science program Newton's Apple and distributes a children's program today. A few unusual comedic shows also originated in the area. In the 1980s, KTMA (predecessor to KMWB) created a number of low-budget shows, including cult classic Mystery Science Theater 3000. The short-lived Let's Bowl started on KARE, and PBS series Mental Engineering originated on the St. Paul cable access network.
The radio market in the Twin Cities is considered to be somewhat smaller than for TV, ranked 16th. For decades, WCCO radio was the most well-known and most popular broadcaster in the region, with an all-day talk format. WCCO was eventually pushed out of the top spot by KQRS-FM, a classic rock station with a popular morning show.
KSTP also has some fairly popular radio stations, with pop music format on FM and a talk format on AM. KSTP-AM and FM are owned by Hubbard Broadcasting. In 1985, Hubbard – valued at $400 million – was one of the larger corporate media companies in the United States; in 2005, valued at US $1.2 billion, Hubbard is a fairly small major-market media operation.
The Twin Cities have a peculiar mix of commercial and non-commercial radio. The city's market is dominated by Clear Channel Communications which operates seven stations but two small independent stations are award winners—KUOM operated by the University of Minnesota and KFAI public access radio in Cedar Riverside.[49]
Minnesota Public Radio (MPR) is also a major force in the state and across the country, best known across the U.S. for the variety show A Prairie Home Companion. Doing business under the name American Public Media, the company is the second largest producer of national public radio content, behind National Public Radio (of which MPR is an affiliate).
The Twin Cities is also home to several independent media organizations, including Twin Cities Indymedia, MinnPost.com and the Daily Planet.
The United States Navy currently has one ship named for the region, the USS Minneapolis-Saint Paul, a Los Angeles-class submarine launched in 1983. Previously, two sets of two ships each had carried the names USS Minneapolis and USS Saint Paul.
Coordinates: 44°57′N 93°12′W / 44.95°N 93.2°W


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The first trailer for Bridesmaids director Paul Feig's comedy The Heat has been released. The film stars Sandra Bullock and Melissa McCarthy as an uptight FBI agent and a foul-mouthed Boston police officer, respectively, who must team up to take down a drug lord. The "mismatched partners" buddy cop premise may seem a tad stale, but this trailer proves that the comedic talents of Bullock and McCarthy (not to mention Feige) are enough to turn the basic logline into a really fun ride. The two appear to have some excellent chemistry, and it's especially neat to see one Thomas F. Wilson (ie. Biff Tannen from Back to the Future) back on the big screen.
Hit the jump to watch the trailer. The film also stars Demian Bichir, Tony Hale, Taran Killam, and Michael Rapaport. The Heat opens on April 5, 2013.
Click over to Apple to watch in HD.
Here's the synopsis for The Heat:
Uptight and straight-laced, FBI Special Agent Sarah Ashburn (Sandra Bullock) is a methodical investigator with a reputation for excellence–and hyper-arrogance. Shannon Mullins (Melissa McCarthy), one of Boston P.D.'s "finest," is foul-mouthed and has a very short fuse, and uses her gut instinct and street smarts to catch the most elusive criminals. Neither has ever had a partner, or a friend for that matter. When these two wildly incompatible law officers join forces to bring down a ruthless drug lord, they become the last thing anyone expected: buddies. From Paul Feig, the director of "Bridesmaids."

subset: commoncrawl


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White and Kopp helped Harvard finish second at the Moody Trophy (photo courtesy Gil Talbot).
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – The Harvard sailing team finished second overall at the Moody Trophy, hosted by Rhode Island, over the weekend.
At the Moody Trophy, featuring 18 teams, Tedd Himler and Quincy Bock led Harvard by winning the A division. The duo was the staple of consistency by finishing in the top three in seven of the 13 races in the division.
Harvard's other pair of Brendan Kopp and William White registered a solid performance as well, finishing fifth in the B division. Ivy League rival Yale was the regatta victor, as it finished second in the A division and first in the B division.
Colin Santangelo was on the water in individual fashion at the New England Singlehanded Championships. He finished in 20th place at the event.
Harvard is scheduled to compete at the Captain Hurst Bowl and the Women's Intersectional, hosted by Dartmouth and Yale respectively, this weekend.


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86 family members disenrolled from Oregon tribe
PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — An Oregon woman says 86 members of her family have been disenrolled from an American Indian tribe that operates the state's largest tribal casino, as leaders review the tribe's rolls and enforce new membership requirements.
Family spokeswoman Mia Prickett said she's shocked about being stripped of membership from the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde, since one of the family's ancestors was a chief who signed an 1855 treaty that helped establish the tribe.
The council that governs the 5,000-member tribe had been considering disenrolling the family for nearly a year, saying they no longer satisfy enrollment rules.
The decision to remove the family was made after the council earlier this month changed the enrollment ordinance via "emergency amendments." The amendments gave the authority to make decisions on disenrollment to an enrollment committee, which is an administrative body, and removed the council from the process.
Grand Ronde's Stacia Martin, executive coordinator for the Tribal Council, declined to confirm the number of people removed or the exact reasons, citing the "confidential nature" of enrollment proceedings.
Those removed lose health care and housing benefits, educational assistance and about $3,000 annually in casino profits, among other benefits.
The contentious removal is part of what some experts have dubbed the "disenrollment epidemic" — a rising number of dramatic clashes over tribal belonging that are sweeping through the U.S.
These tribal expulsions, which started in the 1990s along with the establishment of Indian casinos, have increased in numbers just as gambling revenues skyrocketed. Critics say the disenrollments are also used as a way to settle political infighting and old family and personal feuds.
Most tribes base their membership criteria on blood quantum or on descent from someone named on a tribe's census rolls or treaty records.
Grand Ronde officials previously said the tribe's membership pushed for an enrollment audit, with the goal of strengthening the tribe's "family tree." They did not say how many people were tabbed for disenrollment.
Prickett says her ancestor chief Tumulth was unjustly accused of participating in a revolt and was executed by the U.S. Army — and hence didn't make it onto the tribe's roll, which is now a membership requirement.
"This is morally and ethically reprehensible," Prickett said of the disenrollment.
The family can appeal the decision to the Tribal Court and the Tribal Court of Appeals.
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For Seniors: Laptop Buying Decisions — Extras to Consider
There are many variables to consider when buying a laptop, and accessories you might wish to purchase. Variables you should consider include the type of processor, amount of memory and hard disk space, and other factors. Extras you might buy include a laptop case or an external drive, amongst other things.
You can buy a prepackaged laptop, or put together a customized laptop that meets your exact specifications. Companies such as Dell and Gateway offer customized laptops. When you buy a customized laptop, you pick and choose various features, and the provider builds the system for you.
Laptop variables to consider
Regardless of whether you purchase a prepackaged laptop or customize your own, there are many variables you should consider.
Type and speed of processor
Amount of RAM and hard drive capacity
Installed software, such as a productivity suite like Microsoft Office or Microsoft Works, or a premium version of an operating system
More sophisticated graphics or sound cards
Peripherals such as a printer or the addition of a wireless mouse
Larger or higher-end monitor
Wireless capability
Warranty and technical support
Laptop accessories to consider
In addition to these variables, there are several types of accessories you might want to add to your final purchase.
A laptop case will help you carry the laptop around and also protect it from damage. Some cases are soft-sided, some are hard-sided, and most provide space to store a cable or DVDs for your next road trip.
A fingerprint reader comes built in to some laptops. These keep intruders from accessing your computer contents. A fingerprint reader authorizes access via your very unique fingerprint. You can also buy external fingerprint readers.
You can buy laptop locks, which connect to your laptop. You can wrap the lock around a desk leg or chair arm (like a bicycle lock). This provides a measure of protection if you have to leave your laptop unattended for a few minutes in a public place.
External CD/DVD drives are helpful if you buy a smaller laptop (netbook) that has no such drive built in. These drives are useful for installing software programs or playing audio or video content.
Flash drives are small storage devices that you slot into a USB drive on your laptop. Some flash drives have such a large storage capacity that you can use them as a second hard drive for storing files, and they offer the convenience of being easily moved from one computer to another.


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British firm Head First, not content with designing the front cover for the upcoming Dead Rising 2, figured a more enjoyable way to commemorate the game's release would be to build a replica of protagonist Chuck Greene's dirt bike.
This involved taking a real dirt bike, stripping it back to its bare bones, repainting everything to match the in-game model then adding extra body parts and detail so that it looked as close as possible to the "real" thing.
Bringing Dead Rising 2 to life [Head Blog]


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Flame Rewards Perks
Flame Rewards is all about you. Receive $5 voucher when you sign up. Be up-to-date with the exclusive member offers, events, and competitions. Receive a free meal on your birthday. And earn points that you can turn into delicious meal. To join, you can either download the Oporto App or grab a card in store then register online.


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The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 8
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2003 - Encyclopedias and dictionaries - 1044 pages
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20th century Africa agricultural American army atoms became began brief treatment British called capital central centre chemical China Christian church Chuuk colour culture death developed early east eastern emperor Empire English established Europe feet forces France French full treatment German Greek ical important Indian industrial islands Italy Japan king known Lake land language later London macropaedia maize major Mencius Menno Simons Mennonite ment metal meteorite meteoroid Mexico Mi Fei Michael military mineral minister Miocene Mithra modern Moldavia mole molecules Mongol Mongolia Mountains Museum Myanmar National northern organized original painting Paris period Pohnpei political port production province region reign River rocks Roman Russia Russian served South America southern species square km square miles structure tion town traditional United University valley western World World War II


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RIZE! will be based in the near future after a infection has killed off a vast amount of the human population. The government tried to hide it, but because the outbreak spread very quickly the government lost control and everyone was left to fend for themselves. Most of which became very weak because of a lack of a food source, which made them venture the streets to find any type of a food source, which led most to be out in the open and unable to fend for themselves against the Infected. Any survivors that survived through the first year did so by grouping together, Local church groups, friends, family or even any group they could find. Really in the end it didn't matter, the only thing what mattered was surviving. The key to surviving was the power in numbers, but remaining small enough to be safe.
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UPDATE: Apparently the Role of Mary Jane Could be Recast. READ ON for details.
There has been so much intrigue about The Amazing Spider-Man 2, in major part because of director Marc Webb's steady stream of teaser photos, as well as multiple photos from the NYC sets where the film is shooting. With the amount of speculation regarding storyline, villains and even multiple love interests for Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield), some fans have been vocal in their worry that this sequel is suffering from the sort of overstuffed mania we got in Spider-Man 3.
Well now comes word that Amazing Spider-Man 2 is going to be trimming some bits from its storyline - specifically in regards to the iconic character of Mary Jane Watson, who was set to be played in reboot continuity by Shailene Woodley (The Descendants).
CBM points to an article in EW, in which Shailene Woodley outright confirms that she won't be appearing in Amazing Spider-Man 2:
Of course I'm bummed. But I am a firm believer in everything happening for a specific reason...Based on the proposed plot, I completely understand the need for holding off on introducing [Mary Jane] until the next film.
For those who are not yet caught up, Sony has already scheduled release dates for Amazing Spider-Man 3&4, which suggests that the larger Spider-Man universe this reboot was supposed to build is in fact coming to fruition. Given that Amazing Spider-Man 2 could have some major developments for Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield) and his girl Gwen Stacy (Emma Stone) - and the fact that Peter could have romantic competition in the form of Felicia Hardy/Black Cat - it is indeed understandable why the filmmakers might not want to marginalize Mary Jane's importance to the mythos...
Woodley only had a bit role in the sequel, so her character being left on the cutting room floor this round isn't the biggest loss in the world. As CBM points out, it's yet unclear whether or not the footage of Woodley from ASM2 will be included in ASM3, or simply re-shot. However, there could be some drastic changes taking place by the end of ASM2, so Mary Jane's entry into the story could in fact need revising.
UPDATE: Hold on, CBM has also pulled together notes from several sources all indicating that Woodley's rising career (she's starring in the next would-be Twilight franchise, Divergent) could move the studio to recast the role entirely. As there was division amongst fans when Woodley was first announced (the usual 'hot or not' bickering), there will understandably be number of people who will be glad for this second chance.
We'll continue to keep you updated.
As it stands, the next film will see Spider-Man battling the threats of Electro (Jamie Foxx) and The Rhino (Paul Giamatti); it will include subplots involving a superhero prison (Ravencroft), Peter's friendship with Harry Osborn (Dane DeHaan), relationship with Gwen, and the introduction of mastermind industrialist Norman Osborn (Chris Cooper). Yeah, that's enough material without getting into the whole Mary Jane saga.
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 will be in theaters on May 4, 2014.
Update Source: CBM


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Imitation may be the sincerest form of flattery, but it could end up costing Pinterest big money. The Samwer brothers have made a career out of creating copycat versions of successful U.S. websites, gaining a big international following, and selling the copycats back to the original for millions. They've successfully cloned eBay (with Alando), Zynga (with Plinga), Groupon (with CityDeal) and AirBnB (with Wimdu). With clone Pinspire, they've now set their sights on Pinterest.
I wrote about the amazing success of Pinterest back in early December. I've also added the Pin It button to my blog since, resulting in a steady drip of incoming traffic despite this blog's focus on prose (Pinterest is primarily a discovery engine for visual content…so far). What makes Pinterest so compelling to users? It is first and foremost a visual platform sans distracting ads – images fairly shout at a user to click on them. Pictures are arguably the most engaging type of content, explaining why magazine-like online platforms like Flipboard and Google Currents are doing well at helping readers discover and bookmark news. Pinterest is no different.
The visual platform also makes it easy to create "boards" or collections of images grouped by category. Redecorating your home? Create a board for each room. A geek? Create a board of cool infographics. The possibilities are endless. It's also a great opportunity for brands to engage with users and help them "discover" in-house content. Used predominantly by women, and especially women in the 25-34 age demographic, it is a prospecting mecca for brands in beauty and skincare, food, apparel and crafts that primarily target women.
Despite the hype, and perhaps as a testament to the inertia at bigger companies in responding to online shifts, only a handful of brands have jumped on the Pinterest bandwagon. Notable examples are Martha Stewart, Etsy, Real Simple, Nordstrom's and Whole Foods. Here are 5 tips to keep in mind if you're thinking of testing out the platform for your brand.
- Don't just pin your own content: people get tired of brands only talking about themselves. Mix it up by repinning and liking compelling content from other user boards as well.
- Use boards to segment your audience: West Elm has used boards to showcase content by lifestyle with board titles like "Modernist", "Revivalist" and "Naturalist". Rent The Runway is extremely effective at using boards to surface outfits by occasion.
- Cross-channel contests: Pinterest can also be used in conjunction with other social networks to run contests, as Land's End did with the "Pin It To Win It" holiday campaign. It's a wonderfully simple way to get fans to create an outfit or "look", vote for recipes they've tried, or load their own pictures.
- As part of content strategy for publishers: TIME Magazine is doing a wonderful job of using boards to surface interviews, staff bios and promote behind-the-scenes blog posts, proving that Pinterest can potentially help grow the audience for news publishers as well. Mashable recently started testing the waters, albeit a bit haphazardly, while others like TechCrunch and All Things D don't quite live up to their name yet.
- Pin It button: Martha Stewart remains a minority in willingness to add a Pin it button to the website. Others like Real Simple acknowledge that their websites now get more referral traffic from Pinterest than they do from Facebook, but they continue to have a cautious approach towards adoption.
"Right now we're still in the learning phase, trying to understand the contagious energy, so we decided to launch this holiday campaign on it – excited to see what the brand engagement is and develop our strategy from there."


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The Working West in Photos
SUBMIT up to three of your image(s) starting June 7, through midnight, July 4, 2010. Click on an image to enlarge it. VOTE for your favorites (within the enlarged view frame) through midnight, July 18, 2010.
(Read more ...)
Winning Entry
Old West meets New West
by — Sheep drive on the road near Durango Co.
The topic: There are many ways to work hard in the West's landscapes and communities. Submit your image(s) of living or inanimate objects that are hard at work in the American West.
About submitting images: Entrants may submit up to three (3) photos for each photo contest, in JPEG, PNG and GIF file formats only; each image submitted may be no larger than 2 megabytes in size.
About voting on images: Instead of making you choose only one entry to vote for, we decided to allow viewers to vote positively for any entry they want to -- one vote per viewer, per image. But be careful - you can't undo your vote once you've clicked the "vote" button, so CHOOSE CAREFULLY!


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Why choose Oracle for your digital transformation? It's simple. As a long-term partner in higher education, you can trust our complete cloud services to help improve student outcomes and operational efficiency.


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By Anne E. Kornblut
Washington Post Staff Writer
Monday, March 1, 2010; A03
Raising the prospect of a "simple up-or-down vote" on health-care reform, White House adviser Nancy-Ann DeParle said on Sunday she thinks Democrats will secure enough ayes on the measure and signaled that the administration could be moving toward trying to pass it along party lines.
President Obama is planning to tell Democrats his preferred strategy this week. After letting the effort play out in Congress for many months, he recently stepped in to lead it. He issued his own proposal, held a bipartisan summit and is preparing to direct the next legislative steps.
Increasingly, the White House appears to favor having the House pass a version of the measure that cleared the Senate with 60 votes in December. The Senate would then pass changes to the bill to satisfy some demands of House Democrats. That Senate vote would take place under a parliamentary procedure known as reconciliation, which requires 51 votes rather than 60.
It remains unclear whether Democrats have enough votes within their ranks for this strategy to work. At the same time, it is only "one option" the president is considering, a senior White House official said Sunday.
Still, DeParle suggested Obama could endorse that option in the next few days. "Health-care reform has already passed both the House and the Senate with not only a majority in the Senate but a supermajority. And we're not talking about changing any rules here," DeParle, the director of the White House Office of Health Reform, said on NBC's "Meet the Press." She added: "All the president is talking about is: Do we need to address this problem, and does it make sense to have a simple up-or-down vote on whether or not we want to fix these problems?"
Republicans oppose the 10-year, $1 trillion package under consideration, and have demanded that the administration scrap the bill and start over. Without any Republicans onboard, Democrats must persuade their most vulnerable lawmakers to support legislation that could be used against them in November's midterm elections.
"I believe that we will have the votes to pass this in Congress," DeParle said. Pressed on whether the votes are in hand, she replied: "The president will have more to say about that later this week, and he's working with the Congress on how best to address that."
As Democrats fanned out on television to bolster their party's prospects for passing health-care legislation, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) said it will require "courage" from members of her party.
"Why are we here? We're not here just to self-perpetuate our service in Congress," she said on ABC's "This Week." "We're here to do the job for the American people; to get them results that give them not only health security but economic security, because the health issue is an economic issue for America's families."
Rep. Eric Cantor (R-Va.) countered on "Meet the Press" that if Democrats push the bill through on party lines, they will "lose their majority in Congress in November."
In addition to Obama's comments this week, Senate and House Democratic leaders are scheduled to meet to discuss the next steps. House Majority Leader Steny H. Hoyer (D-Md.) said votes could happen within the month.
View all comments that have been posted about this article.


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Dobrý den, and welcome to our expat community in Prague! By joining our expat network in Prague you can interact with other expats in the city and gain invaluable advice about starting your new life in the Czech capital. Get together, both online and offline, with our network of expats willing to help you start your next chapter in the Czech Republic. You may want to ask questions, such as "what's the education system like in Prague?", "is it best to use public transport in the city?", or "how easy is it to find work on arrival?". Whatever your questions are, our expat community is happy to help. With their combined knowledge and experience about living in and moving to Prague, they can impart tailored information that no one else would know.
With InterNations, you never stand alone. Whether you move to another city or go on a business trip somewhere — our communities are there to make you feel at home wherever you are in the world. Feel free to also check out our other vibrant InterNations Communities like the ones in Khobar (Eastern Prov.) or Amsterdam.
Attend our monthly events and activities for Prague expatriates to get to know like-minded expatriates in real life.
Get trustworthy advice and local insights from fellow members in our Prague expat forums.
The capital of the Czech Republic, Prague is famous for its baroque buildings, Gothic churches and the 15th century landmark the Charles Bridge, as well as its diverse food culture and exciting nightlife. Prague is a well-established city with an efficient public transport service that includes buses, trams and a metro system. The stable and prosperous economy in Prague has attracted expats for a number of years since the end of Communist rule in 1989, with the auto industry being the Czech Republic's largest industry. Expats that live in the Czech Republic, many of which can be found in Prague, find the travel and transport in the city to be very efficient and affordable, have a high-quality of life, and rate the leisure options in the city as impressive. They often move for job opportunities, but find that they have an excellent work-life balance, with the city being renowned for its nightlife scene. The Czech Republic also ranked as the third best place to live in terms of cost of living in the world, according to the InterNations Expat Insider 2015 survey.
InterNations is the largest global network for expatriates, with communities in 420 cities across the globe. Get to know fellow internationals in your city, before you're moving, or when traveling somewhere and never feel like a stranger. InterNations makes it easy for you to stay in touch with your expat friends, both online and offline, so you can grow your network of friends and contacts from all over the world. Whether they live in Dubai or Singapore, InterNations allows you to be close to them even if they are miles away.
All of our members have gone through an approval process, so you can rest assured that they understand the guiding principles of InterNations. Both online and offline, you can be safe in the knowledge that you are communicating with trustworthy members of the expat community. Extend your interaction with your community to meeting up in person in the city. On InterNations, you can find a number of expat groups and events in Prague, for which you can sign up to; from the fun karaoke club to the more serious arts and culture group, there is a plenty to get involved with in this thriving expat city.


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A senior Boeing engineer said Wednesday the plane maker has "extreme confidence" in the 787 Dreamliner, despite three of mishaps this week, including a battery fire.
"Clearly there are issues that … we have to work through," Mike Sinnett, vice president and chief project engineer for the Boeing 787, told reporters. "And just like any new airplane program, we work through those issues and we move on. So while we're happy with the level of the performance of the airplane, we're not satisfied until our reliability and our performance is 100 percent."
"We're not happy until we're perfect," he added.
Earlier Wednesday, airlines played down safety concerns over the 787, with Qatar Airways' chief executive dismissing recent mishaps as "teething problems."
Boeing's stock closed up 3.55 percent Wednesday after sinking nearly 5 percent over the previous two days, its biggest such loss in 13 months.
A fuel leak forced a Boeing 787 operated by Japan Airlines to return to the gate at Boston's Logan International Airport on Tuesday, a day after a fire ignited in the cabin on a JAL Dreamliner at the same airport. A firefighter sustained minor injuries.
Boeing said it traced the fire to a lithium ion battery in the planes auxiliary power unit. (Read More: Fire Puts Dreamliner Under Scrutiny.)
The National Transportation Safety Board said an auxiliary power unit battery had severe fire damage, and heat damage was found near the unit in the rear electronics bay. The investigation is continuing. (Read More: After Boeing 787 Fire, Another Dreamliner Has Fuel Leak )
"Nothing that we've seen in this case indicates a relationship to any previous 787 power system events, which involved power panel faults elsewhere in the aft electrical equipment bay," Boeing spokeswoman Lori Gunter said.


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- StickerBrand Wall Graphic decals can be applied on most flat surfaces, including slightly textured walls, windows, mirrors, or any smooth surface.


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Vera Stark...How Far Have We Come?
Ceate a new landscape for the future and refrain from unconsciously regurgitating the images that have confined African Americans since the inception of Hollywood.
By the Way, Meet Vera Stark by Lynn Nottage is a brilliantly crafted comedic and somewhat tragic story about Vera Stark, a passionate budding
actress living in Hollywood during the Depression Era.
She works as a maid for a lazy starlet, Gloria Mitchell, dubbed "America's Sweetheart" while she herself can only limit her aspirations to landing a role as a slave or a maid on the big screen.
Played masterfully by Sanaa Lathan, Vera has just the right amount of passion, talent, and wit to draw you into her world and have you hoping she achieves her dreams. The title character's struggle and narrative references in the play conjure up the legacies left by film actresses like Hattie McDaniel and Dorothy Dandridge, and films like "Imitation of Life," and "Gone with the Wind."
Also reminiscent of playwright Adrienne Kennedy's "A Movie Star has to Star in Black and White," Vera makes its unique examination of racial identity in Hollywood accessible to the audience through the smart humor of the writing, and the brilliant performances. Despite the setting of the play, Vera still remains poignant and relevant to the present day.
In act one, we are introduced to Vera's roomates who are both aspiring actresses. The oldest of the three is a former show stopper who has been
in Hollywood for years and is now skeptical about achieving her dreams, and the other is light skinned and crafty enough to pretend to be of Latin descent and seduce the director of the picture.
All of these characters dream of being in the limelight except for Leroy Barksdale, Vera's love interest in the play a jazz musician and horn player, played forcefully by Daniel Breaker who becomes the progressive voice in the first act. In response to Vera's ambitions to land a slave role in the Southern slave epic "The Belle of New Orleans," an upcoming picture in which her boss is starring, he points to the limited room for artistic transmutation in the world of film versus the world of music. He says something to the effect of: "I can start off in chains," and begins to whole heartedly scat a jazz tune, "and then end up free." Vera challenges his assertion, explaining that she has to work with what roles are available, rather than accept the painful reality of not being able to express her talent at all. We leave act one with Vera determined to see where this slave role can take her.
The second act of the play is set in the present at a symposium with three panelists who use clips of Vera's performance in "The Belle of New Orleans," and 1970's video footage of one of her final television interviews as a reference point to discuss whether or not she was asserting herself
against the status quo or just another African American actress willing to play a maid.
While examining the different viewpoints of a professor/actress, a lesbian slam poet, and the quirky moderator a critic/scholar, the discourse remains comedic as well as insightful, and even pokes fun at Black scholarly discourse examining race in films. The excitement and almost desperation tinted with hope that Vera felt by the end of the first act, has turned into bitterness by act two.
As we hear the panelists discuss Vera and watch live footage of her interview, one of the most poignant things Vera says through her drunken diva stupor is that she wishes she could shake off that "slave girl" that she played all those years ago. Since then she has been in other
pictures, none to rave about, but nonetheless, she remained confined to the role that launched her career.
She is seen by fans and colleagues as the slave girl, and it's clearly driven her mad. The Vera that we saw in act one full of talent, beauty, and determination was going to be a star somehow, but looking at the Vera who is now a washed up singer and bitter alcoholic in the second act the play forces us to examine a woman who won her dream and lost her soul in the process. One of the questions we may be left with at the end of the show is how one can have the dream, on their own terms.
So how does Vera translate to the present day? It forces us to look at the current films being made and the roles available to African Americans in the mainstream. It wasn't too long ago that Spike Lee derided Tyler Perry's films as "coonery" and "buffoonery."
Sanaa Lathan, the star of Meet Vera, is a bonafide film goddess; yet, clearly she has not been churning out pictures year after year like her White counterparts. To add additional food for thought, in the audience the particular evening I attended the play was Producer/Director Lee Daniels, of "Precious" and "Monster's Ball."
Although the modern day "box" of what a Black actor must fit into may not be literally a slave role it is still necessary to thoroughly examine the
past so that we as consumers and producers of entertainment can continue to create a new landscape for the future and refrain from unconsciously regurgitating the images that have confined African Americans since the inception of Hollywood.
As audiences and performers alike must continuously examine what gets air time, and even why we choose to support the films that we do, By
The Way, Meet Vera Stark also drives home the age old sentiment that you must know where you came from before you can know where you are going.
"Speaking Truth To Empower."
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Saturday October 19, 2019; 11:46 am EDT
Montreal joins Chesapeake Youth Symphony Orchestra for joint concert
World travel is nothing new to the young musicians of the Chesapeake Youth Symphony Orchestra.
These talented kids and teens have visited and played in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Russia and Italy, France and Spain, and they have their eye on Lithuania.
Now, for the first time, they get to host their own international guests. The Montreal Youth Symphony comes to town for a joint concert March 1 in an event to be remembered.
The Youth Symphony Orchestra annual gala is a full day of entertainment by two youth symphonies, the Chesapeake Symphony Orchestra's seven ensembles, two silent auction receptions with entertainment by the jazz ensemble and two concerts by the junior and senior ensembles.
Festivities kick off with the junior ensembles' reception at 1pm and culminate with the 6pm reception and 7:30pm concert featuring the Chesapeake Youth Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Maestro Julien Benichou. They will be accompanied by mezzo soprano Leah Hawkins in a ballet suite from Manuel de Falla's El Amor Brujo. Hawkins, a recent graduate of Morgan State University, now attends graduate school at Yale. Next, the Montreal Youth Symphony will play a suite from Richard Strauss' Der Rosenkavalie. The Chesapeake Youth Symphony Orchestra Senior Flute Ensemble rounds out the evening.
In addition to fine music and food, some very special silent auction items add to the attraction of this black-tie-optional gala. Come to listen, eat and bid on a week at Maestro Benichou's home in southern France and not one but two South African safaris.
The next day, both groups play an unprecedented side-by-side concert, accompanying the Morgan State University Orchestra in Gustav Mahler's First Symphony. This is quite a coup for the local orchestra that, since its creation in 1990, has grown to more than 200 students aged eight to 18.
The next question: How does the Chesapeake Youth Symphony Orchestra top this event for its silver anniversary next year.


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TRACK & FIELD: Oakland starts season strong at IPFW Open
FORT WAYNE, Ind. -- CJ Gozdor set a new school record in his first collegiate meet, Jeff Aririguza, David Koponen and Jake Magier earned first-place finishes and Breanna Peabody finished second in the 200-meter dash as the Oakland men's and women's track and field teams opened the indoor season in strong fashion competing at the IPFW Open on Saturday.
"This was a great way to start a season as there were so many highlights for us," said head coach Paul Rice. "We have some great young talent and some great hard working upperclassmen doing a great job leading them and performing well themselves. I truly hope this is a sign to come for us this year."
Gozdor won the high jump event with a school record jump of six feet 11 inches, breaking the previous mark by almost seven inches. Aririguza won the 200 dash with a time of 23.07 and finished second in the 60 dash with a time of 7.26. Magier crossed the line first in the 800 run with a time of 1:59.90 followed closely by Chris Scott with a time of 1:59.99.
Koponen finished first in the 600 run with a time of 1:27.24, followed by Brad Mesbergen, who also finished second in the 1-mile run, and Ryan Brown. Andrew Stebbins earned a runner-up finish in the shot put with a throw of 46 feet four inches.
Peabody finished runner-up in the 200 dash with a time of 26.25 and finished fifth in the 60 dash with a time of 7.88, the second-best time in school history. Karli Keur earned a third-place finish in the 800 run with a time of 2:20.37, good for the third-fastest time in program history. Jennifer Lane picked up a fourth-place finish in the high jump with a career-best 5 feet 4 inches.
"The show of the day came from CJ, for a freshman to come into his first meet and shatter his own and our school record was an amazing thing to watch," added Rice. "All of our high jumpers did very well and our sprinters all ran well. My assistant coaches are doing a tremendous job getting all of our athletes prepared for these early season meets."
The Golden Grizzlies will be in action next week as they travel to Ypsilanti, Mich. to compete in the Eastern Michigan Quad Meet on Friday at the Bowen Fieldhouse.


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"Drive Angry (3D)"
Nic Cage returns from hell to seek revenge on the Satanist who killed his daughter. Joining him in his quest for vengeance is Amber Heard.
We don't waste our time on anything not worth your time. We celebrate the best of what's coming on film and TV. We cheer when our expectations are met and criticize when we're let down.


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Avatar Wins Heavyweight Box Office Champion of the World
It happened: Avatar has beaten out Titanic to become the highest grossing film of all time. And as Avatar towers above, petty American Idol squabbles continue, Arianna Huffington's sit-com is green lit and Forest Whitaker stars in a crime drama.
•With this weekend's earnings factored in, Avatar has surpassed Titanic's $1.842 billion global take. So does this mean we get to stop writing about the film? Not really: Titanic still holds the number domestic box office spot, with $600.8 million to Avatar's puny $551.7 million. OK, everyone go see the movie so we can be done with it... until it wins every Oscar next month [Variety]
•Nikki Finke has the inside dirt on some convoluted American Idol gossip. What it comes down to is: Simon Cowell is slacking off because this is last Idol season. Also, Cowell hates Idol producer Simon Fuller because Fuller is courting music exec Tommy Mottolla to replace Cowell on Idol at the same time Cowell is trying to get him to star in his new talent show X Factor. New Idol judge Ellen DeGeneres, meanwhile, is pissed off that she has to deal with a lame duck Cowell. Maybe Fuller should just hold a nationwide talent search for the next Idol judge? He's good at that. [Deadline]
•Sundance continues it's glorious dance of sun. Today, we learn that Kate Aselton's The Freebie—about "a couple who give each other permission to have one-night stands"—did well. As did the Julianne Moore pic The Kids Are All Right, about "a lesbian couple whose kids are introduced to their biological father." TREND ALERT: 'Non-traditional' marriages are hot hot hot. [Variety]
•When she's not running a shady journalism non-profit or stealing your Tweets, Arianna Huffington is a television producer. Her sit-com pilot with How I Met Your Mother executive producer Greg Malins, Freshmen was just picked up by ABC. The series focuses on three freshmen legislators who share an apartment in D.C. This will probably be really boring since all politicians do is work for the greater good of our country. [Variety]
•Seems like Forest Whitaker always plays police officers, doesn't it? He's in final negotiations to star in a spinoff of CBS' Criminal Minds. [THR]


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UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan will confer with Israeli foreign Minister David Levy on Friday about Israel's plans to withdraw from southern Lebanon by July, according to a Reuters report the same day.
Noting he had been in touch with "several leaders within the region and beyond it" regarding the Israeli pullout, Annan told a questioner, "It has also been my expectation that a senior Lebanese team will be able to visit (UN headquarters), but it is not certain yet."
Reuters said a key issue is the whether the UN peacekeeping force stationed in southern Lebanon since 1978 would be strengthened and moved up to the Israeli border to fill the vacuum left by the Israeli troops when they leave a nine-mile deep "security zone" they established to block attacks against northern Israel.
The Israelis and their allies of the South Lebanon Army militia have suffered numerous casualties at the hands of Hizbollah movement, prompting Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak to vow a withdrawal from southern Lebanon by July 7.
The pullout will take place in the absence of an Israeli peace accord with Lebanon and Syria, which has some 35,000 troops in Lebanon.
The resistance attacks have provided Damascus with a pressure point in its goal of securing Israel's withdrawal from the Golan Heights, occupied from Syria in the 1967 Middle East war.
Prime Minister Ehud Barak said on Thursday he expected Lebanese guerrillas to step up attacks ahead of Israel's planned withdrawal from south Lebanon. "There are dangers... I will describe it as an exchange of blows during the transition and an exchange of blows for a certain time after it but...our entry to Lebanon increased the conflict so our exit will reduce it," Barak said.
"Israel, which is the strongest country in the Middle East, will know what to do if any source, under any type of disguise, tries to hurt its soldiers or civilians when Israel is behind the international border defending the State of Israel."
Barak made the comments to reporters at an army base in northern Israel which commands military operations in the 15-km (nine-mile) wide "security zone.
Human rights groups have called on Israel to free all Lebanese prisoners before it withdraws from southern Lebanon, said BBC.online said Thursday.
Representatives of international and local organizations were launching a campaign in Beirut to press for the release of about one-hundred and forty Lebanese in Khiam prison in southern Lebanon, and others who are held in Israeli jails.
The groups expressed fears for the safety of those held at Khiam jail, which is run by Israel's militia allies, and said Israel was responsible for protecting them – (Several Sources)
© 2000 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com)


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Hi, my name's Elena, and I am 18 years old and am in love with the Harry Potter series. I fell in love with them in 2001 right before the first movie came out, and haven't stopped since. I also enjoy loads of other books, so if you want any suggestions be sure to get in contact with me, and I'll happily give you some.
Well I should tell you my favorite shipping is Hermione and Fred. I just think that they would be perfect together since she's the bookworm and he's the troublemaker, plus their kids would be geniuses. Also in my world Fred is NOT dead, never happened, I am in denial so do not try to get me out of it.
I also enjoy lots of non-cannon shippings and love to read them, mostly because I love seeing other people's view points on who should be with who.
I'm also a beta-reader so if you need one be sure to contact me!


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MONROVIA, Liberia, July 27 (UPI) -- Two U.S. aid workers in Liberia have tested positive for the Ebola virus in what health officials in west Africa are calling the deadliest outbreak of the disease ever.
Both Nancy Writebol and Dr. Kent Brantly were working in Liberia with Samaritan's Purse to treat Ebola victims when they were diagnosed with the virus last week, the organization said in a statement.
Writebol is an aid worker with the Serving in Mission group, which was partnered with Samaritan's Purse. Brantly worked directly with Samaritan's Purse Ebola Consolidated Case Management Center in Monrovia.
Writebol and her husband, David Writebol, had been living in Liberia since August 2013 and are originally from Charlotte, N.C.
Brantly, 33, of Fort Worth, Texas, began feeling ill last week and quarantined himself when he recognized the symptoms. He had been living in Liberia since October.
As of June 30, the World Health Organization says some 1,093 people in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia are believed to have been infected with Ebola with 660 deaths. Testing has confirmed 786 cases with 442 deaths.


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Liberty News
Couple's gift annuities to Liberty total $5 million
An Arizona couple who funded Liberty University's largest-ever gift annuity total — $3.8 million — just more than a year ago have decided to give even more to the school they have supported since the beginning.
Their $3.8 million has now grown to close to $5 million, as the couple purchased their fourth gift annuity earlier this month.
"That's big news," said Tom Arnold, director of Liberty University Planned Giving Department, which offers a variety of annuity and estate planning services. "The grand total is by far the largest amount received for gift annuities in the history of Liberty University."
The couple, both in their 70s, funded their latest annuity with gifts of appreciated stock.
Like so many of Liberty's most loyal supporters, the couple witnessed the ministry blossom from a television set in their living room, never having stepped foot on campus; they were faithful watchers of Dr. Jerry Falwell's "The Old Time Gospel Hour."
In an earlier interview with the Liberty Journal, the couple said they were proud of Liberty and what it stands for, even hoping their three grandchildren (now in middle school and high school) choose to attend here.
For more information on Planned Giving to Liberty University, go to www.lugiving.com or call (800) 543-5309.


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