text:
The Vatican's Hottest REAL Priests Are On Display In 2014 'Roman Priest Calendar'
While photographer Piero Pazzi's "Roman Priest Calendar" isn't serving up the salaciousness of the Orthodox Priest calendar, it does have one thing going for it:
Pazzi assures us his priests are real!
And they are GORGEOUS. So what's got these
sexy holy men stepping in front of Pazzi's lens?
According to The Local:
But the Venice-based photographer behind the calendar, Piero Pazzi, insists the portraits are purely intended to promote the Eternal City and inform visitors about the Vatican.
They are all genuine priests, usually snapped in Rome during Holy Week, he tells The Local. He also travels to Seville to capture clergymen during the Spanish city's Holy Week procession.
"I meet most of them on the streets in Rome and ask to take their photos," he says.
The priests do not supply their name but "most are happy to be photographed after I tell them the reason for the calendar," adds Pazzi, who launched the calendar in 2003.
"I do the same in Seville. Yes, the men are good-looking, but it is just a product, a way for people to be better informed about the Vatican."
Inform us, Pazzi!! Keep us informed all day, every day!!
You can order the calendar here, or if you happen to conveniently be strolling by the Vatican, drop off 10 Euros to one of the vendors and be on your merry way!
(H/T: The Gaily Grind)
I actually read an article recently that said a men needs to ejaculate at least three times, if not more, a week to have a healthy prostrate. That's why so many older guys develop cancer there, and it is all caused due to the huge accumulation of sperm that deteriorates and brings desease in. If you want to be active and healthy clear that sperm out.
In Revelation chapter 17 the description there of a woman seating upon a beast was a prophecy concerning the catholic church, which is being called a "whore" because it prostituted the truth of the bible in many ways. If someone thinks he or she will be saved at the end by belonging to the catholic church, he or she is completely lost. One terrible prostitution of bible truth was the daring of catholicism when it took the Ten Commandments and modified them. Read Exodus chapter 20th, and then go to the catechism to see how catholics played around with the commandments written by God's own fingers and changed them. Then the church leaders tell people to follow what they say. In Revelation's last chapter it is said that if anyone modified what was written in the book they would not have a place in heaven.
Though the standards are difficult to live up to, and the rules of priesthood do provide 'safe havens' for pedophiles and homosexuals, there is purpose to celibacy in the priesthood. Those men who can live up to the ideal carry themselves with a different dignity, a pure heart, and a true devotion to God.
These men aren't necessarily gay or insecure for having taken holy orders; it's hard for people of no faith to understand how God calls some men and women for a higher purpose. They are conduits for the word and presence of God.
So shut the fuck up.
Whether gay or straight, God made men with desire and the need of companionship. The catholic idea of preventing their priests from ever having sex is a fraud. If those men are not gay, do not have sex in any way with another human, they are still satisfying themselvs masturbating, and that comes with sex thoughts of all kinds.
The biggest problem when it comes to sex and sexuality is that people made it "tabu" and some even think of it as sinful. God made everyone a sexual being, first to multiply and then with the help of the brain He gave us, to make us feel pleasure and also to create the need to put two human beings together to share that blessing. For gays the only true feelings and enjoyment comes by two people of the same gender together, and for heterosexuals two people of the opposit gender as we all see and know. To demand and expect gay people and priests to act otherwise is naive and would deprive them of true sexual joy. Relationships are created when people unite in the right combination. There is no harm to anyone, much less to families of heterosexual couples. Priests, by a rule created by other humans, are told to avoid all these blessings and are deprived by doing so of their true humanity. I'm sure young priests wake up with an erection like all men do and they are told to remember to ignore it. How is that possible? Something is completely wrong and missing here.
I surely think that the reason many young guys like the ones depicted here become priests, is because they are gay and in doing that they can hide from family friends and society. They have not accepted themselvs as they are, and that causes a lot of confusion for all involved. There is a lot of fear going around and shame when someone is found to be gay, more yet if a guy is just another guy with masculine features. A gay man of the masculine type can feel insecure if he comes out of the closet, fearing rejection. That person could be a member of your own family. There is no religious upringing that can change that possibility. A gay person can come from any type of a family since it's not a choice anyone could make.
We now know that many of those priests, young and old, used the priesthood to hide their pedophile intents, and others their homosexuality under the cover of a black robe. No where in the bible it is taught that men should be alone, and it actually says that God saw that man should not be alone and gave him a companion. The catholic church in its many traditions and concepts has stepped on the bible in so many ways that a book could be written about all their wrongs. All that being said, men were made sexual beings and this old rule of priests not been able to marry and have a wife or a companion, is a catholic made rule. Even the disciples of Jesus were all married, therefore where did such a rule come from? According to the bible if one lusts in his heart or thinks sexually towards another human being, he already sinned. I'm sure that most priests who do not have sex with anyone get satisfied by practicing masturbation. That has to be the fact. Just to be associated in close quarters with other man is what makes so many healthy, strong young men to go into the priesthood, and then things happen. Let's not be fooled!
That is true. This is double standard from the Vatican.
Priests should not play with sensuality or sexuality to entice others, not even themselves. That is the work of the flesh and according to the bible God doesn't like those things. The flesh has to die whereas the soul has to rule over the flesh.
Yesterday in my country this news was covered by a TV show and they interviewed a catholic priest who proudly smiled at this and encouraged people to by the calendars because they will be helping the church with that money spent on the calendars. Very proudly he smiled.
However, after this news another news was aired about heterosexual and same sex couples receiving help from the government to rent a house/apartment so that they can start their own independent life. The same priest was asked to speak about this and now he frowned upon the news and said that same sex couples will destroy family and other stuff. I was puzzled. I couldn't believed what I was watching and hearing from the same priest.
This is what is called double standard. The catholic church is not OK with people leaving their own life together without being married first, especially when they are a same-sex couple, but at the same time they are OK with their priests posing for a calendar which obviously has a sexual tone to it.
They certainly have strict and rigid rules for the world, but the have the softest ones for themselves.
Doesn't anybody see the double standard? The Catholic church condemns homosexuals and homosexuality as wrong and unnatural (there's nothing worn and unnatural about being homosexual), however, the Vatican doesn't hesitate to sell their priests on calendars clearly with the intention of enticing people sexually so that they buy it.
Catholic priests are not allowed not to perform these practices which their God doesn't approve of. It is immoral for priests to entice people sexually.
Double standard all the way.
The bible is rather unclear when it comes to sexual orientation in general. Regardless of that the catholic church opposes homosexuality and homosexuals. They keep saying it is unnatural hence homosexuals should not have the right to marry someone of the same sex or be given any rights that conflict with their religious beliefs. They mainly base this stand on Paul's passages and Leviticus if you haven't read them...
You are not supposed to take priests' words as the truth if you are religious, you are supposed to stick to what the bible says, not priests.
The bible also says the works of the flesh such as sensuality (which the calendar clearly uses as a mass attraction weapon) should die and priests are not allowed to purposely wake this kind of feelings on people, especially when they are supposed to bring "god's message" to people about spirituality. It is a double standard to preach about celibacy, chastity and sexual purity at the same time that these priests expose themselves on a calendar intended in a sexual way.
Star, your comment is as far from being true as it could be. The Bible is the truth and the church if not acting according to it is condemned for telling lies. The church has empowered itself to step on the Bible truth thinking it to be superior than the Bible itself. When it comes to condemning gays it has been misused terribly. All the texts used against homosexuality were actually written for heterosexual people that according to it, would leave what was the natural thing for them and go try other ways. At the time such verses were written no one knew that people sometimes are born with a gay orientation as we know and have studied today. Al psychologists and psychiatrists have looked into the gay personality and have come to a conclusion that sexuality is not a choice. But churches do not want to educate themselvs on this subject and hold on to old misguided traditions. Jesus though, knew some people would be born with differences, and made sure the disciples would get that information when He talked to them about the eunuchs. They were the gays of His time, and Jesus being the creator of all did not condemn them for that difference. Read Mattew chapter 19 towards the end.
(Just a point about homosexuality and the bible... )
The bible, as according to the Roman Catholic Tradition, is not to be taken on a literal level; it is not a manual that says "do this, don't do that" that is to be taken word per word. It takes lessons and, for the clergy people themselves, special training to "interpret" the bible rightly and accordingly. This is the common mistake people have when it comes to 'quoting' from the bible; they fail to take into consideration the context of when the bible was written and the audience it was written for, among other things. I suggest attending some Theology classes to understand my point. Oh, and Philosophy classes might also do the trick.
(Already, there are many Catholic Christians who have reconciled their homosexuality with their being Christian. Books have also been published with this subject matter--personal narratives as to how they were able to reconcile the seemingly irreconcilable tracks.)
Adding to University Girl's comment:
Here's a link to the exact wording of the Catechism with regards to homosexuality. Note its reference to tolerant treatment - "Every sign of unjust discrimination in their regard should be avoided" (2358). It also refers to the tradition conception of homosexuality being against natural law, so not necessarily dogma, but that depends upon how you read that article - "Basing itself on Sacred Scripture, which presents homosexual acts as acts of grave depravity,141 tradition has always declared that 'homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered'" (2357). Objection appears to purely concerned with the absence of the - "the gift of life" (2357) - from their sexual relations. As such it is in line with heterosexual teachings on chastity, in terms of sex as an act of marital "mutual self-giving and human procreation in the context of true love" (2352).
TL;DR Catholics don't hat homosexuals, and the Church's teachings are of tolerance and chastity.
It just saddens me to read this article , look at the pictures and read the sarcastic , mocking , disrespectful comments. I was raised catholic and as I grew up , my trust in the priests disappeared bc if all the pedi file accusations world wide. Let me reassure you, my FAITH in Jesus Christ never vanished . I keep reading the bible , while attending mass every Sunday for the past 5 months. My relationship with God has gone up to another level. I live in Chicago and the church I attend with my clients, has 2 new young priests who are handsome. Let me assure you, they're love for the church is genuine . I can read it on their eyes and face . It's a vocation . Now, as for these models , I'm not so sure bc I dnt attend the church they service . I dnt hear them speak of God . If these model priests are mocking the Catholic Church , they're mocking God. Another thing I want to clarify , I don't go to that church bc of the new priests. They sometimes service different times, I take my clients every Sunday at 6:30 pm after our diner at the CILA . I work for people with intellectual disabilities . My life has purpose being a positive influence and doing good to people. My faith in Jesus is stronger bc I was reborn. I admit, attending mass every Sunday has done me good bc I take in seriously every positive advise and bible verse . I shake the hands of the people around me make eye contact and give my sincere , "peace be with You" , or I say "la Paz ". I notice most people never make eye contact when shaking hands as if they're not sincere, they just do it bc it's routine during mass? Anyway, to end my opinion positively, here's a bible verse , "The Lord does not look at the things people look at, The Lord looks at the heart. 1 Samuel 16:7
To the catholic person taking care of special people..... You said "They're love for the church is genuine" it should be "their". They're is the same as they are, just abbreviated. "Their" means, their, belongig to someone else and not to me, not mine. And then there is "there" as in over there, not here. So many Americans mix these three different expressions.
We all are sons of one God. It is sad knowing that some people nowadays are not able to separate the three parts of a human being: Mind, body and spirit. As humans, we have not only the chance but the responsibility to escalate all three parts of a complete human person. If we don't do our effort, we will be part of the destructive masses.
Do you know, I couldn't care less who believes what - I believe in an "each to their own" approach and to let that be an end to it. I choose to respect that everyone has their own religious standpoint, their own opinions and their own journeys to take through life. Just because they differ from mine, doesn't make them wrong. I am neither a follower of faith nor an atheist; I am however very deeply spiritual and have chosen to walk my own path and would like to voice a thought on this subject (not everyone will agree, and that's quite alright). While I agree that it's maybe not appropriate for these priests to be labeled as "hot" or "sexy", it was not my decision to make as to whether or not they were a part of this calendar project. I think they willingly participated and were probably well aware of the reactions that they would invoke. But I also think that some of the comments I have read thus far are downright disrespectful - some of the language would make your toes curl in shame. So what if the wrapping outside the soul is pretty? It's what is inside that counts. It just so happens that these men have an awful lot going for them - nice inside and out? Now THAT's the real attraction. I respect their choices - and personally, I thought it was refreshing to see younger men devoted to their faith.
What the fuck!!!!!! calling these blessed people hot? it is just so disrespectful lol....... why not fucking choose an appropriate word/s for the title before posting this shit.. HOT??? Fuck.... It's like you're saying these priests are open for sexxxxxxx.... grrrr/////... just don't like the word.
This is about beauty and people. Relax. Should we pretend they are not beautiful to the point of arousing? Would that make you happy? Should we ignore their appeal as human beings? We, like they, are sexual human spiritual beings. The church isn't promoting a hot sexy calendar. They're simply saying, the beautiful men happen to be priests...could this be you? Christ on a bike, I wish everyone would just chill out.
To be priest and to be good looking are indeed God's gift. Not all priests are gifted with such. Whether they are good looking or not doesn't matter; what really matter is that they are God's loving instruments of his love and grace to us. It's a creative idea to have special calendar for them... but why not inlcude the not-so-good-looking among them :)


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subset: commoncrawl


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GNC CumberlandStore's name : COUNTRY CLUB MALL
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(301) 729-2209
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Warning, Stores-Locator.com is a participative website where everyone can indicate the opening hours, please let us know if you notice any mistake.
GNC Cumberland is usually open Sunday.
These times do not include public holidays. To see if your store is open these days, contact them.
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General Nutrition Corporation is a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-based American commercial enterprise focused on the retail sale of health and nutrition related products, including vitamins, supplements, minerals, herbs, sports nutrition, diet, and energy products. GNC stores typically stock a wide range of weight loss, bodybuilding, nutritional supplements, vitamins, natural remedies, and health and beauty products, in both its owned brands… more about GNC
Reading of the moment...
SEATTLE'S NEW VINTAGE CLOTHING SHOP FOR MENA new vintage clothing shop in Seattle is giving men a chance to craft a distinctive vintage look, and the boutique in Pioneer Square offers a retro look with a decidedly modern twist.
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text:
The Randolph County Health Department will be hosting Dialysis Clinic Inc., event on Saturday morning (May 11).
Labeled as a "series of emergency preparedness educational sessions [that] provide free emergency preparedness kits for people with all stages of kidney disease," the event will begin at 9 a.m.
"Our corporate office in Nashville sponsors clinics for those who want to participate," said Angie Crowder, with the local branch of DCI. "We decided to do something that would benefit our community."
The educational sessions will begin at 9 a.m., Crowder said, and the emergency kits will be available starting at 10 a.m., at the department. They plan on everything being wrapped up by 11:30 a.m.
"We will have two ladies doing presentations," Crowder said. "One about kidney disease and emergency preparedness in general, and one specifically about important dietary instructions to follow when [persons with kidney disease] put together their emergency dialysis kits."
Several local Boy Scout and Girl Scout troops will be present to "take advantage of the educational opportunity and to help in putting together kits," per Crowder.
The kits will contain some of the items "beneficial to a kidney patient in an emergency situation, including a flashlight, emergency blanket, kidney-appropriate food, a first-aid kit, and a guide for more comprehensive emergency planning," the release notes. They will be available on a first-come, first-serve basis.
"Think about what happens in an emergency when that individual may not have their medications," Crowder said. "Perhaps their prescription needs to be refilled, or they don't have access to the renal-friendly diet that helps maintain their limited kidney function. This is an educational event to help patients and families prepare for those kinds of emergencies."
Kidney disease event Saturday
The Randolph County Health Department will be hosting Dialysis Clinic Inc., event on Saturday morning (May 11).


text:
August 20, 2013 by Barbara Cobb
St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church
St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church is a community dedicated to proclaiming the Gospel of Jesus Christ through Word, Sacrament, and Service.
Effective December 3rd, Father Carl Jude Hood was officially installed as the new Pastor of St. Francis of Assisi. Father Hood was previously pastor of St. Therese the Little Flower parish in North Memphis. He is a native Memphian and attended St. Joseph School and Bishop Byrne High School.
Vigil Mass: 5:00 PM Saturday
7:15 AM Sunday
8:45 AM Sunday
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12:15 PM Sunday
2:30 PM Sunday (In Spanish)
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This cozy 1786 cottage once inspired a local artist's illustrations in a 1948 version of "Little Red Riding Hood."
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Website: www.pickityplace.com
Email: email@example.com


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Skip to comments."Muslim" Driver's License Woman Is Convicted Child Abuser: See Her UNVEILED (Ulterior Motive?)
Posted on 05/29/2003 11:32:30 AM PDT by Timesink
MAY 28--Turns out the Florida woman who is suing for the right to wear a Muslim headdress in a driver's license photograph has previously been subjected to an, um, unveiled government portrait. Following her 1997 conversion to Islam, Sultaana Freeman (formerly Sandra Keller) was arrested in Decatur, Illinois for battering a foster child. Freeman, 35, pleaded guilty in 1999 to felony aggravated battery and was sentenced to 18 months probation. As a result of the conviction, state officials removed two foster children from Freeman's care. The mug shot of the felonious Freeman (below left) was taken after her arrest in the Illinois case. Freeman returned to the dock this week--that's her testifying in the below right photo--to challenge Florida rules requiring prospective drivers to submit to unveiled photos for their licenses. Last year, Freeman sued the state after her license was revoked when she failed to allow officials to photograph her sans headdress. State officials contend that, in light of the September 11 attacks, it is crucial that all motorists now be photographed in an unadorned state. (1 page)
For more on Freeman's case, check out Court TV's coverage.
The one angle I haven't heard the State of Florida bring up is that driving w/ that kind of veil cuts off her peripheral vision, making her a clear and present danger to her fellow floridans behind the wheel. They should make it illegal to drive like that. Afterall, if it's illegal to drive w/ a cell phone or a burger in your hand, it should be illegal to drive like that. I concur w/ you. If she wants to drive, she should take off that veil. Driving in a priviledge, not a right.
Kinda make it up as you go, hmmm, fits some churches too.
How stupid we've become that this vermin even gets the time of day with just a crazy demand. THEY SHOULD SIMPLY SEND HER HOME WITH NO LICENSE.
Also...Where I grew up, people who wore masks were BAD GUYS!!
Here is something else that I can't get out of my head:
All these Muslim gals who come to this country have to have passports, don't they? Are they all photographed looking like this on their passports, in which case, what freaking use is the passport?
I don't understand how we can allow people in the country with this kind of a passport photo for ID.
Would the State Department issue a passport to someone with a bag on her head?
Sorry. Got carried away. Carroll moment :).
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If the Cincinnati Enquirer is to be believed, the Phillies could struggle to gain anything of value in exchange for center fielder Shane Victorino.
Paul Daugherty, a columnist at the paper, included a tidbit on his blog that said the Reds nixed a deal that would have seen Victorino head to the Reds in return for Ondrusek, straight up.
Ondrusek is a 27-year-old righthander who is in the middle of his third full season in the major leagues. His 2.70 ERA looks good, but everything else about him says that he is at best a No. 4 or No. 5 reliever in a contender's bullpen (which is where he slots in the Reds bullpen). His strikeout rate is passable -- 6.1-per-nine this year, 6.0 for his career -- but he has walked at least 4.0 batters-per-nine in the last two seasons, which isn't something you want to see out of a guy who is pitching in high-leverage situations. If you do see it, you better be getting more than 6 strikeouts-per-nine.
That being said, he has gotten results, converting 31-of-37 hold/save opportunities in his career while stranding 77 of 97 inherited runners, and his groundball and home run rates are both solid. His whiff rate (17 percent), is slightly above average, as is his strike rate (62 percent).
Frankly, if the Phillies are hoping to get relief help in exchange for Victorino, which is what all of the indications are, Ondrusek is about the level of guy they can realistically expect. Anybody better is probably going to be an integral part of a contending team, which is the type of team that would be trading for Victorino. The only hope is that teams get more desperate as the deadline approaches.
Frankly, this sounds like it would have been a great trade for the Reds. From the Philies perspective, it would have been a cheap, usable bullpen piece who is better than anybody they have at the moment, aside from Antonio Bastardo and Jonathan Papelbon. But he profiles closer to Michael Schwimer than he does Papelbon. Ondusek would give the Phillies what they hoped they were getting when they signed Chad Qualls. But according to Daugherty, he won't be giving them anything.


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Every year at this time, I point out that the ripening berries in the Ozarks should be put to good use, and the same thing with wild poke, from which poke greens, utilizing young leaves, are cooked. If you are someone who enjoys hunting mushrooms, I can tell you about something much easier to find, and yet just as good to eat. The abundant, orange day-lilies are everywhere, and blooming now. Amongst those blooms are the buds, about 3 or 4 inches long, which will open soon. Collect those buds; roll them in eggs, then in flour. Add pepper or light seasoning like garlic or whatever you like, and fry them in bacon grease or olive oil. My gosh they are good.
Some people sautee them, 'sautee' being a French word for "frying slowly in butter". It is pronounced 'sawtay' , showing us that French people can't spell worth a darn. Anyway, try them, as they are found everywhere, and you can gather a hundred buds in a hurry, and invite your whole family over for dinner. A roasted young groundhog would go awful good with fried buds, fresh garden tomatoes and a blackberry cobbler. If you come up with a better way to cook them, let me know. Some folks cook them like you would cook asparagus (another French word) and they say they are similar to asparagus but better.
Black raspberries are ripening up here on Lightnin' Ridge, and I haven't had a good cobbler (cobbler is a French word, I think, for square pie) in years. Some lady might take that as a hint, and come out here and gather a bunch of them and make me a cobbler, but I will not be responsible for any problems incurred by thorns, ticks or copperheads. The best thing you can do if you are a berry picker is find an old leaky pair of chest waders discarded by a fisherman or duck hunter and wear them into the thickets, sprayed with tick repellent, reassured by the idea that copperheads can't bite through the boots…I don't think.
Because summer is upon us, it is time to start thinking about fishing at night with jig and eel combinations or big spinner baits for bass. Most of the bass spawning is finished in the Ozarks, and when you have high water in June, you can catch some very large bass from our lakes, around flooded greenery with topwater lures early in the morning and late in the evening. But what I look forward to the most is floating the rivers and fishing. I still know stretches of stream in the Ozarks where you can float without seeing anyone, at least during the week. But I stay away from those stretches where weekend caravans of canoes bang down the river, with alcohol and drugs as prevalent as they are. Those people who made a business of putting hundreds of canoes into our river on any given Saturday have been a curse on our streams, with some of the most beautiful lengths of Ozark rivers damaged beyond repair by their presence. If you don't believe me, paddle down one of those waterways some weekend. Take note of the toilet paper on the gravel bars and see if you can make the trip without running into intoxicated, yelling and insulting people.
I think my Labrador, Bolt, might be the third or fourth greatest Labrador in the world. I have reached the age where I hate to argue, and if you say you have the best Lab in the world, you get a lot of argument from those who think their Labrador is the best in the world. If you say your dog is the third or fourth best, no one argues!
Bolt turned two years old this spring, and he sleeps on his back beside my bed with his feet up in the air, with his own pillow.
Just the other day I came in from working outside and took my shirt off, sitting down in my old recliner to watch an old episode of Gunsmoke. I had cleaned out my closet and had a pile of old but clean T-shirts lying on the bed. Bolt saw me sitting there without a shirt and left his usual spot beside my chair. He came right back with one of my shirts in his mouth, putting it in my lap. Then he sat there before me, urging me put it on. That is smartness my friend!
Then one morning I was sitting on my screened porch watching the birds in the greenery I often refer to as a lawn, when I said to Bolt, "I wonder if that little red bird down there in the fence-row might be a scarlet tanager." Quick as a wink, he headed back into my office and came back with my bird-book in his mouth. I was really impressed until he opened it up there on the floor and pointed to a cardinal with his big paw. It clearly wasn't a cardinal. But while he doesn't do well on songbirds, he knows his ducks really good!
Anyways, about four years ago an old duck hunter bought a yellow Labrador puppy from me, and recently the old man passed away. The dog is now a fine looking, golden-colored retriever. His wife asked if I would find a good duck-hunter who would give the young dog a home. So if you are interested, and you are a good duck-hunter, who can at least drop one duck with every two shots and can tell a drake mallard from a hen at fifty yards, and you don't have already Labrador, you might get in touch with me. I may have a good hunting partner for you.
Remember the Ozarks Mountaineer magazine, which folded up last December after being published for more than 50 years. Some of us who are writers and history buffs would like to see it revived, and I believe we might be able to do it this fall. I need to know how many readers out there would commit to buying that first issue, which we will call "The Journal of Ozark Mountaineers". To simply pay for the printing, we need to sell 500 magazines at five dollars each. If you would like to receive one, send a postcard to me and let me know. We don't want anyone sending money yet, just send a postcard to Lightnin' Ridge Publishing, Box 22, Bolivar, Mo. 65613, and tell us to reserve a copy for you. Writers and editors who once worked for the old Ozarks Mountaineer magazine will be compiling the new one; similar in content, and it will be the same length, 64 pages. If you don't want to send a postcard, just e-mail us at email@example.com.
The summer issue of the Lightnin' Ridge Outdoor Journal is out, found on many magazine stands throughout the Midwest, and it has 80 pages of great reading. I think many of you might enjoy reading the humorous article I wrote about catching a big but illegal bass back when I was 17 years old, and the problems it created. It is entitled, "The Night We Caught The Big One." We also printed the sixth installment of a continuing serial story entitled, "Little Home on the Piney", which folks seem to enjoy. It is a true account of life along an Ozark river in the 1930's. If you have any trouble finding the magazine, just call our offices at 417-777-5227.
This coming Sunday we will be talking about summer fishing on my hour-long radio program, KWTO 560 AM at 8:06 a.m. It can be received on a computer at radiospringfield.com My website is www.larrydablemontoutdoors.blogspot.com


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These short videos introduce learners to the electromagnetic spectrum though eight animations including an introduction to electromagnetic waves and one animation for each wavelength of the EM spectrum (Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible,... (View More) Ultraviolet, X-Rays and Gamma Rays). Each wavelength of the EM spectrum offers a construct to illustrate and teach about NASA sensors, missions, and science. Emphasis is placed on relevant science (e.g., lunar exploration) and hot science topics (e.g., climate change). Each video is computer animated and offers engaging illustrations to appeal to middle and high school age learners. The examples and narrative for each wavelength animation build on the learners' prior knowledge then introduces examples from NASA missions. These examples explore the use of spectral analysis and visualizations that help scientists make discoveries about the world around us using EM waves. (View Less)
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Breast MRI or breast magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive, painless medical procedure that is used by your doctor to assist him or her in diagnosing and treating certain medical conditions.
By utilizing a powerful magnetic field, radio waves and a computer, MR imaging can provide detailed pictures of your organs, soft tissues, bone and most all other internal body structures. The images can either be reviewed on the computer screen or printed to view a hard copy of the image.
With MRI pictures, your physician is able to better evaluate parts of the body and certain diseases that may not be detected or seen using other imaging tools like x-ray, ultrasound or compute tomography.
Other Procedures Offered in Florida


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Measure would freeze fees for 7 years for UC, CSU and community college students
Assemblywoman Shannon Grove (R-Bakersfield) this week began the 2013 legislative session by co-authoring a measure to protect University of California, California State University and community college students from rising costs through a seven year tuition freeze. The legislation Grove supports would ensure that funds generated through Proposition 30, the statewide tax increase approved in November that is expected to generate $50 billion in new revenue over seven years, goes to public education.
"The voters were promised last fall that if they supported Governor Brown's Prop. 30, it would result in more money for higher education," said Assemblywoman Grove. "If they were serious, the politicians in Sacramento would keep that promise. Democrats shouldn't be able to use this money to backfill the state's budget debts while raising education costs for students and their families."
The proposal would hold tuition and fees for UC, CSU and community colleges at the levels set in the 2011-12 academic year for the seven years that Prop. 30 income and sales tax increases are in effect. The measure states the intent of the Legislature to protect higher education funding for California public colleges and universities, and make any potential fee increases unnecessary.
Shannon Grove said that while there was one provision in Proposition 30 to ensure that new revenue would flow directly to schools, there was another provision in the measure that would allow the Legislature to reduce current General Fund dollars for higher education. Governor Brown visited college campuses in the fall to drum up support for the initiative, urging students that they could avoid tuition hikes by voting for Prop. 30.
"Brown told these college students that if they registered to vote, supported Prop. 30, and told all their friends to do the same, they'd keep more money in their pockets through a reduction in tuition," Grove said. " It's time to get serious about holding the Governor and the majority party to the campaign promises they spun to get the votes for their billion dollar tax increase."
Shannon Grove represents the Kern County communities of Bakersfield, Ridgecrest, Tehachapi, Taft and Frazier Park/Lebec.


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MSI GS63 Stealth laptop flies under the radar with a GTX 1050
The last time we talked about MSI's GS63 Stealth series laptops was all the way back at Computex 2016. At the time, GS63 machines...
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Aorus X9 packs two GTX 1070s in a slim chassis
There was once a time when having a laptop with a desktop-grade graphics card meant lugging around a 20-lb behemoth that could game for a...
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C64 Mini is a blast from the eighties past
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LOS ANGELES (AP) — Before Emmy nominations were announced Thursday, the president of the television academy declared that "quality television is now platform-agnostic," with awards-worthy content distributed by broadcast, cable and Internet outlets.
TV's top talents — the stars and producers nominated this year — say they prefer shows large and on-demand. Most rely on digital video recorders to track their favorite programs, and avoid watching on tablets and smartphones.
"I have a big-screen TV," said Kate Mulgrew, nominated for her role as Red on "Orange Is the New Black." ''That's how I always prefer to watch television."
"I'm a DVR person most of the time," said Anna Chlumsky, who was nominated for her supporting role on "Veep." ''It's funny, because of 'Veep' and because of 'Game of Thrones,' Sunday night is still HBO appointment TV for me. If we can get home on time for it, then I watch it at home at the prescribed time."
Matt LeBlanc, nominated for his starring role in Showtime's "Episodes," uses his DVR, but still likes channel surfing.
Billy Bob Thornton, who describes himself as "kind of a TV junkie," likes DVDs and the DVR, but he watched his own show, FX's "Fargo" on its regular night.
"I watched it as an audience member. I just watched it every Tuesday night," he said. "I didn't get the DVDs ahead of time from the studio or whatever. When it was over, I was a little sad. What am I gonna do next Tuesday night?"
"So You Think You Can Dance" host Cat Deeley admits to occasional binge-viewing.
"I'll buy an entire series and I'll have a weekend where I don't get out of my pajamas, I barely brush my teeth, and I just do back to back (episodes) and sit there wallowing in my own filth," she said. The last series she indulged in this way? "Breaking Bad."
Allison Tolman, nominated for her supporting role in "Fargo," said, "I hardly ever watch anything in real time anymore."
"I watch a lot of things that night but a little bit after they've aired," she said. "I also am quite a binge-watcher... I just started 'Game of Thrones' since I hadn't seen it yet, so now I'm watching one episode after the other on demand."
AP Entertainment Writer Derrik J. Lang contributed to this report.


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Ellen "Louise" Stevens departed this life to her heavenly home on Nov. 12, 2012 in Carthage.
Ellen "Louise" Stevens departed this life to her heavenly home on Nov. 12, 2012 in Carthage.
Louise was born Aug. 11, 1926, to Gene and Bess Swango. She grew up in Oklahoma and graduated from Welch High School, Welch, Okla. Upon completion of high school she attended business college and secured her first job as secretary with the BF Goodrich Plant, Miami, Okla.
Louise married John William Stevens on Sept. 14, 1947.
She was preceded in death by her husband of 62 years. They lived in various states before settling in Diamond, where they had their last home and raised their four children. If you saw one, you saw both, always working side-by-side in their work and home. One of the joys was working in their garden. She loved canning her vegetables, pickles, beets, green beans and tomatoes. Both would always share their garden vegetables with family, friends and neighbors.
Louise is survived by her brother, Benny Swango and wife, Frankie, Grove, Okla.; sister, Virginia Edwards and husband, Jack, Kansas City, Mo.; four children, son, John Stevens and wife, Mary Jane, Carthage; daughter, Sandra Roberts and husband, John, Bella Vista, Ark., daughter, Karen Petticrew and husband, Rick, Carthage; son, Carl Stevens and wife, Dina, Carthage; six grandchildren, Jeanine Matlock and husband, Travis, John Petticrew and wife, Adrian; Michael Petticrew and wife, Lauren, Mary Ellen Vahle and husband, Barrett, Whitney Stevens, Marissa Stevens; 13 great-grandchildren, Katelyn, Emily, Payton, Ava, Alexis, Sadie, Kolton, Mason, Benton, Grey, Zayne, Etta, Mikey.
As "Granny" would say "I now have my baker's dozen."
Louise was also preceded in death by her great-grandson.
Funeral services will be held 2 p.m., Thursday, at Diamond Christian Church, Diamond.
Pastor Mike Morgan officiating. Interment will be in Diamond Cemetery, Diamond.
Services under the direction of Clark Funeral Home, Neosho.
Online condolences may be posted at www.clarkfuneralhomes.com.


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Sheriff Neal Byrd said the jail's 60 inmates were sent to nearby jails after the Tuesday closure, with most of them ending up in Cross and Lee counties.
Phillips County has shut down its 75-bed jail after a state report found unsafe conditions including broken locks and easy access to items that could be fashioned into weapons.
Sheriff Neal Byrd said the jail's 60 inmates were sent to nearby jails after the Tuesday closure, with most of them ending up in Cross and Lee counties.
"If you're talking about the condition of the jail, it was something I inherited," said Byrd, who took office in January. "It was just dumped in my lap and so I have to deal with it."
The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette (http://bit.ly/12UoGe3 ) obtained a state inspection report under an Arkansas Freedom of Information Act request. The April 2 report from the Criminal Detention Facilities Review Committee recommended the immediate removal of all inmates.
"Given the extremely poor living conditions, the Committee believes it is imperative that the inmates be relocated until the jail has been re-inspected and improvements made," the inspectors wrote in their report.
The report found that some of the jail's locks didn't work and that inmates had access to pieces of jagged metal and extension cords, which could be used as weapons. The report also found that human waste overflowed into jail cells and said the facility had no working smoke detectors or fire alarms.
Danny Hickman, the coordinator of the state's criminal detention facilities committees, said the jail's conditions appeared to have been long-term problems.
"I knew there'd be some major issues to deal with, but keep in mind, we're here to help a county, not just to shut a jail down," Hickman said. "In this particular case, we were dealing with safety and health issues."
Phillips County Judge Don Gentry said the county will discuss its options at the next quorum court meeting May 14. Gentry said the county could renovate the existing jail, build a new one or send its inmates to other facilities.


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Cities may be the defining element of human civilization.
The path from hunter-gatherers in the Paleolithic era 25,000 years ago to the high-tech, high-wonder jumble we inhabit today runs straight through cities. In traveling that path, our construction of cities has always been a dance with physics. In some cases, that physics was explicitly understood; in others, its manifestation was only recognized in hindsight.
As our cities have become more complex the physics embodying their behavior and organization has also become more nuanced, subtle and profound.
About a month ago I walked down the streets of my hometown of Rochester, N.Y., to discuss a street-level view of physics and cities. From the street a city is all about the physics of "simple" machines: bikes, buses, streetcars and the plumbing of fire hydrants. Once you get up high enough, however, your physics-colored glasses lets you see cities in a whole new way.
Instead of just basic machines, the city becomes a vast interconnected system designed for turning energy into work. Seen through that lens, cities are really giant heat engines, and that makes them creatures subject to one of the most profound principles in all of physics: the omnipresent Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Before we hit the second law, it would be good to remember the first law, which tells us energy is always conserved.
Climb a flight of stairs and the chemical energy in your morning's oatmeal is turned into your muscles' energy of motion. The oatmeal's chemical energy originated, of course, in sunlight via photons streaming across space. Taken as a whole, energy is neither gained or lost. It is only transformed from one form to another.
In a city you see this every day, all day. Electricity runs through wires and transforms into the movement of a fan or the illumination flowing from a streetlight. The first law is relatively easy to understand, and it makes a kind of innate sense to us.
The second law is something else entirely. It speaks to the consequences of those energy transformations mandated by the first law. There are rules for how energy is transformed — rules and limits. Most importantl the second law tells us that anytime energy is used to do useful work — like lift an I-beam to the top of a new building — then some of that energy must end up as waste, garbage, pollution or just plain crap.
Useful work creates unusable waste, always and forever. That is the law, the second law. That universal link between energy, work and waste and is what makes the second law such a profound, universal principle.
Use a load of coal to drive a steam-powered locomotive and some of the coal's energy ends up heating the locomotive itself, leading to wear, tear and eventual decay. Physicists call this waste entropy, but what it really means is disorder.
Entropy is a beautiful word and an even more beautiful idea. Systems, like a box of gas, can be in many states, with some more ordered than others. All the atoms in the box could be neatly packed into a corner. That is a high order and low entropy state. The atoms could also be bouncing around everywhere in the box. That's a low order and high entropy state.
What does this have to do with the view of cities from the roof? On the roof you can literally hear the city acting like a giant engine. The sounds of traffic, music, construction and sirens all merge together into a cacophony, into a clamor, into noise. But what is noise in this case? It's an acoustic measure of the second law at work. It's the city's entropy made audible!
Every moment of every day, vast quantities of energy stream into the city through all that plumbing we saw on the street. The city then uses that energy to do work, to organize itself into vast architectures of order. But the second law will not let the story end there. Waste, pollution and disorder must follow.
There is a word that applies to the sound of cities which almost never gets applied to nature: "Din." The din of cities heard on the rooftop as a rising wall of noise is a testament to the true nature of cities as engines of organization and dynamos of disorder.
The first time I became aware of this din of acoustic entropy, I was sitting across from Manhattan on the cliffs of Weehawken, N.J. It was night and the great city was blazing from horizon to horizon. Its low rumble of noise flowed like a breeze blown at me from a mile away across the dark river. There it was, the second law made real in sound and light. The great might of that city — its vast converging streams of energy, creating a singular nexus of activity — was no more stunning than the visceral realization that it was also radiating disorder like a mad star.
The second law is a thing of great beauty, because it is just as true for a box of atoms as it is for a star, or a single cell or a great city. The dynamic balance of energy and entropy is a universal law of systems in whatever form they take.
But it has its darker side, too. The second law is a kind of warning to cities and civilization. No matter how clever we are, there will always be disorder, waste and pollution following in the wake of our work organizing societies into cities. There is another way of putting the second law that states the entropy of the universe always increases. So the work we do to create and maintain cities means we are also raising the level of disorder, waste and pollution for the planet as a whole.
The second law tells us that doing work always leads to unintended consequences. That is what we have seen happen with our relentless city building. What else is global warming but the unintended consequence of burning fossil fuels to power the highly organized culture we have created?
We live at a moment when cities are poised to become the dominant mode of human habitation on the planet. But we don't yet know if such a mode can be made sustainable for more than a century or two. Coming to grips with that question can only mean coming to understand the physics of cities — the physics of thermodynamics and its ever-present second law.
You can keep up with more of what Adam Frank is thinking on Facebook and on Twitter @AdamFrank4. His latest book is About Time: Cosmology and Culture at the Twilight of the Big Bang.
Cities are like engines, vast systems for turning energy into work. That's how Astrophysicist and NPR blogger Adam Frank puts it.
Right, Adam?
ADAM FRANK: That's right.
CORNISH: So, we'll remind listeners you're a professor of astrophysics at the University of Rochester. And, as part of the NPR Cities Project, you're giving us a physicist's view of the city. And today, I gather you are on a roof?
FRANK: Yes, I'm actually on the 11th story of the Wilder Building here in Rochester, New York. This is actually the first steel-frame skyscraper that was built in Rochester. Right now, I'm in the elevator room but I'm about to step outside onto the roof right now.
CORNISH: OK. And may I ask why you're on a roof?
FRANK: Well, last time we talked we looked at the city from the street level. And we saw that there, we could think of the city as a machine or simple machines - wheels and plumbing. So, we're out on the roof today because, once again, we're looking at the city as a physics lab. And from this level, what we see is that the city is not a simple machine but it's actually a vast interconnected system, an engine for turning energy into useful work.
And that way, it is directly a creature of the profound Second Law of Thermodynamics.
CORNISH: Oh, OK. All right, wait a second - second law. We need to actually remind us all about the First Law of Thermodynamics.
FRANK: OK, the First Law of Thermodynamics tells us that energy is always conserved. When you climb stairs, like if you wanted to climb up these 11 stories, the food that you ate turns into the energy of your muscles. So you can never lose energy, you just transform it from one form into another. Now, when you look out on this city you see the thing happening all the time.
There's electricity running through wires and that's turning into movement of a fan or it's turning into the illumination street lights. So energy is always conserved but it can be transformed from one form to another. So that's the first law.
CORNISH: OK, energy into action. Got it. So that second law?
FRANK: Well, the second law shows us that there are consequences to those transformations. You can't just take 100 percent of energy and use it for useful work. When you do useful work with energy, you always generate waste. And physicists call this entropy. And entropy is a great word. I really love it. I think it's quite beautiful. And what it really means is disorder. And so, essentially as we try and use energy to create cities, we're generating some disorder.
CORNISH: All right, consume energy give off waste. I get it. So why are you on the roof?
FRANK: Well, the great thing about being on the roof is you can literally see and hear the city acting as a giant engine and, therefore, fulfilling the second law. So, when I look out right now, I can see heat shimmering off the buildings and that heat really is the waste that comes from energy being pumped into those buildings to keep the people inside comfortable and productive.
Now, the other thing from the rooftop is I can hear the entropy, as well. So can we listen for a second? So what do I hear? I hear traffic noises below. I can hear an air conditioning unit on the building next door and all of this is a cacophony and that noise really is acoustic waste energy. A din is the measure of the disorder, the entropy, the mess that comes from pumping all this energy to the city and getting it to be fruitful and useful.
CORNISH: But, Adam, lots of people complain about the din of cities. So what's exciting about it to you as a physicist?
FRANK: Well, the great thing about the din is it's an abstract physical principle that I can actually hear manifest in the world around me, but the other interesting thing is that the second law is really a warning for cities, right? The second law is, essentially, telling us that if you try and organize a society into cities then you're going to have to account for waste and disorder.
So what that really means is that with all of our relentless city building, there's going to have to be unintended consequences. Really, what else is global warming but the unintended consequence of burning all those fossil fuels to power our cities? So this question - this really intense question of - is it even possible to have a sustainable society of the kind that we have, really turns on whether or not we can reconcile cities and the second law.
And, of course, the really amazing thing is we don't really know what the answer to that question is right now.
CORNISH: University of Rochester astrophysicist, Adam Frank, thanks for that understanding of the city as an engine.
FRANK: Oh, it was my pleasure.
CORNISH: Adam's next view of the city, from the sky. You can follow the Cities Project on Twitter @NPRCities.
And, next week, the NPR Cities Project will hold another roundtable discussion about some of the issues we've been covering, such as sustainability and resilience in the face of environmental disaster. We'll be having that conversation on Twitter and we invite you to contribute. Use the hash tag, #NPRCities and, as always, you can send us your city's sounds and pictures. You can find out how, see what others have sent and listen to other stories from the series. It's all at NPR.org/NPRCities. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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For more on what Bitcoin is and how it works, see our story "What Is Bitcoin?"
Gavin Andresen is chief scientist at the Bitcoin Foundation. I first talked with him about Bitcoin, the virtual currency, back in 2011. I checked back in with him this week, because so much has been going on with Bitcoin lately.
Silk Road, an underground drug marketplace, was shut down last month by the FBI. Court documents in the case allege that bitcoins were used to try to take out contracts on people's lives. I asked Andresen about the case. He said:
"That's really disturbing. That really bothers me. For me as a tech geek, my first thought is, all right, how can we stop this? How can we fix it? This is a case where maybe it can't be fixed with technology."
Despite the criminal case, Bitcoin seems to be gaining legitimacy in the eyes of federal officials. There were not one but two congressional hearings on Bitcoin this week. And an official from the Justice Department said that "virtual currencies in and of themselves are not illegal; we've all recognized that innovation is important." Andresen seemed pleased with the attention:
"In the Congressional Record, you know, we have 'bitcoin' and 'Satoshi Nakamoto,' which is pretty exciting! This little baby — what my wife used to call my 'pretend money project' — is really going mainstream ... She doesn't call it 'my pretend money project' anymore. She just calls it Bitcoin."
Satoshi Nakamoto is the pseudonymous creator of Bitcoin. No one knows what his real name is. Gavin said he used to email with Satoshi about Bitcoin business, but that's fallen off lately.
"No one seems to have heard from Satoshi in quite a while ... he seems to have been very successful in keeping his identity a mystery."
Congress is showing a lot of interest in virtual currencies. This week there were not one but two hearings on Capitol Hill. Lawmakers are exploring currencies that do not exist in the physical world, just on Internet. Senator Mark Warner acknowledged it's a complicated topic.
GREENE: David Kestenbaum with our Planet Money team checked in with a computer programmer who works on bitcoin about those upsides and downsides. And about what it's like to have a project you've worked on suddenly become the focus of a congressional hearing.
DAVID KESTENBAUM, BYLINE: Gavin Andresen is chief scientist at the bitcoin foundation. I first talked with him back in 2011. He had fallen in love with the idea of bitcoin. It was cash for the Internet, for the whole world to use. And he told me and my colleague Jacob Goldstein, the bitcoin computer code was brilliantly designed. Though he didn't know exactly who had designed it.
GAVIN ANDRESEN: The idea started with a guy named Satoshi Nakamoto. He's a bit of a mysterious figure. We're not sure if Satoshi Nakamoto is his real name. I've only ever interacted with him via email and electronically on the bitcoin forums.
JACOB GOLDSTEIN, BYLINE: Are you Satoshi Nakamoto?
ANDRESEN: I am not Satoshi Nakamoto.
KESTENBAUM: Do you have any sense for - has he ever made a joke in an email or anything?
ANDRESEN: He never has.
KESTENBAUM: Or she, I suppose.
ANDRESEN: Or them.
GOLDSTEIN: Or them.
KESTENBAUM: Them. I like them.
GOLDSTEIN: Always strictly business, just about the bitcoin project and the code.
KESTENBAUM: Since then, bitcoin has gotten a lot of attention and not all of it good. Bitcoins can be used anonymously. So one question has always been what exactly are people buying with bitcoins? Gavin bought computer equipment, and t-shirts. But people have also been buying other things. Including - I'm looking at court documents here - lysergic acid diethylamide, better known as LSD, also heroin, cocaine, and meth.
That's from last month, when the FBI shut down an underground online marketplace called Silk Road. The court documents also allege that bitcoins had been used to try to take out contracts on people's lives. So I called Gavin Andresen up again and asked him how he felt about that.
ANDRESEN: Yeah, that's really disturbing. That bothers me. And for me as a tech geek, you know, my first thought is all right, how can we stop this? You know, how can we fix it? And this is a case where maybe it can't be fixed with technology.
KESTENBAUM: Of course, U.S. dollars have also been used to pay for drugs. And worse. At the hearings this week in Congress there was a lot of talk about Silk Road, and drugs and money laundering, but the talk was not all negative. In fact Mythelee Ramen with the U.S. Justice Department's criminal division, came right out and said this.
KESTENBAUM: And in a letter, Ben Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, the man in charge of the most powerful currency in the world, the U.S. dollar, wrote that virtual currencies, quote, "may hold long-term promise, particularly if the innovations promote a faster, more secure and more efficient payment system." For Gavin to have this little project he'd worked on being discussed by Senators and top government officials was amazing.
In the congressional record, you know, we have bitcoin and Satoshi Nakamoto. Which is pretty exciting. This little baby - you know, what my wife used to call my pretend money project - is really going mainstream.
What does she call it now?
ANDRESEN: She doesn't call it my pretend money project anymore.
ANDRESEN: Yeah. She just calls it bitcoin.
KESTENBAUM: The amount of actual stuff being purchased with bitcoins still seems pretty small. But the price of bitcoins has shot up. When I first talked to Gavin in 2011 you could buy one bitcoin for less than $20 bucks. This week, maybe because of the hearings, the price hit an all time high $600 or more.
One name notably absent from the people testifying before congress: Satoshi Nakamoto, the person or people who created bitcoin. Gavin says there is a Satoshi Nakamoto email address. But it's been silent for a while. David Kestenbaum, NPR News.
GREENE: You're listening to MORNING EDITION from NPR News.
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Breast Cancer Women
Related Video: Mastectomy Lumpectomy
Breast cancer is a disease in which cancer cells grow in the breast tissue. It is the most common cancer in women in the United States. The normal breast consists of glandular tissue called lobes. These lobes are sectioned off into lobules, which produce milk. Milk is carried to from the lobules to the nipple by small ducts. All this tissue is surrounded by fatty and connective tissue, as well as blood and lymph vessels.
Types of breast cancer found in women are:
- Ductal carcinoma situ—Early stage cancer confined to the ducts. This type has a high cure rate.
- Infiltrating ductal carcinoma—A cancer that starts in the ducts of the breast and spreads into surrounding tissues. This is the most common type of breast cancer in women.
- Infiltrating lobular carcinoma—A cancer that starts in the lobules of the breast and spreads into surrounding tissues.
- Medullary, mucinous, and tubular carcinomas—These are three relatively slower-growing types of breast cancer.
- Inflammatory carcinoma—A rare and aggressive form of breast cancer that can be difficult to treat. This cancer invades the lymphatic vessels of the skin and can be very extensive. It is very likely to spread to the local lymph nodes.
- Paget's disease—A very rare cancer of the areola and nipple. Although Paget's does not arise from glandular tissue in the breast, it can be associated with both in situ and infiltrating breast cancers.
|Breast Cancer
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Cancer occurs when cells in the body divide without control or order. Eventually these uncontrolled cells form a growth or tumor. The term cancer refers to malignant growths. These growths can invade nearby tissues including the lymph nodes. Cancer that has invaded the lymph nodes can then spread to other parts of the body. The lymph nodes associated with breast cancer are in the armpit, above the collarbone, and in the chest.
It is not clear exactly what causes these problems in the cells, but is probably a combination of genetics and environment.
Risk Factors
Breast cancer is more common in Caucasian women, aged 50 years and older. Other factors that may increase your chance of breast cancer include:
- Personal history of breast cancer
- Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)—Women with LCIS appear to have a 7-10 times greater risk of developing some form of breast cancer (usually infiltrating lobular carcinoma) over the next 20 years.
- Family members with breast cancer
- Changes in breast tissue, such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, and radial scar formation
- Genetic mutations, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and others
- Excess body weight, particularly after menopause
- Consuming a diet that is high in red meat
Increased exposure to estrogen over a lifetime through:
- Early onset of menstruation
- Late onset of menopause
- No childbearing or late childbearing
- Absence of breast-feeding
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Increased breast density—more lobular and ductal tissue and less fatty tissue
- Radiation therapy before the age of 30 years old
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol use
Note: Studies show that most women with known risk factors do not get breast cancer. Many women who get breast cancer have none of the risk factors listed above except age.
When breast cancer first develops, there may be no symptoms at all. As the cancer grows, it can cause the following changes:
- One or more lumps in the breast which may or may not be painful
- One or more lumps in lymph nodes near the breast, under your arm, or collarbone which may or may not be painful
- Thickening in or around the breast
- A change in the size or shape of the breast
- Nipple discharge or tenderness, or the nipple inverted into the breast
- Ridges or pitting of the breast skin, like the skin of an orange
- A change in the way the skin of the breast, areola, or nipple looks or feels (for example, warm, swollen, red, or scaly)
Note: These symptoms may also be caused by other, less serious health conditions. Anyone experiencing these should see a doctor.
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. It will include a breast exam and blood tests.
Imaging tests can help diagnose and evaluate the extent of the cancer. Imaging tests include:
- Mammography
- Ultrasonography
- CT scan
- PET/CT scan
Your doctor may need to test your breast tissue and adjacent lymph nodes. A sample will be removed and sent to a lab to look for cancer cells. This can be done with different biopsy types, including:
- Fine-needle aspiration—Removal of fluid and/or cells from a breast lump using a thin needle.
- Needle biopsy —Removal of tissue with a needle from an area that looks unusual on a mammogram, but cannot be felt.
Surgical biopsy:
- Incisional biopsy—Cutting out a sample of a lump or suspicious area.
- Excisional biopsy—Cutting out all of a lump or suspicious area and an area of healthy tissue around the edges.
If cancer is present, your doctor may order tests to learn about the type of cancer. These may include:
- Blood tests—To look for tumor markers or genetic mutations.
- Tissue evaluation—To look for estrogen and progesterone receptors, and the presence of HER2/neu and Oncotype DX. These are used for developing a treatment plan.
The physical exam combined with all of your test results, will help to determine the stage of cancer you have. Staging is used to guide your treatment plan. Like other cancers, breast cancer is staged from 0-IV. Stage 0 is a very localized cancer, while stage IV indicates a spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer treatment varies depending on the stage and type of cancer. A combination of therapies is most effective. For example, radiation may be used before surgery to shrink the tumor or after to make sure all the cancer has been removed.
Treatment options include:
The goal of surgery is to remove the tumors and any affected tissue.
- Lumpectomy —Removal of the breast cancer and some normal tissue around it. Often, some of the lymph nodes under the arm are also removed. This may also be called tylectomy or quadrantectomy.
- Segmentectomy—Removal of the cancer and a larger area of normal breast tissue around it.
- Simple mastectomy —Removal of the breast, or as much of the breast as possible. If the surgeon removes some lymph nodes for biopsy, it is done with a separate incision. This is the most common surgery for breast cancer treatment.
- Skin-sparing mastectomy—The same amount of tissue is removed as with a simple mastectomy, but the skin over the breast is spared. This can be used when immediate breast reconstruction surgery is planned. A variation of this procedure also can spare the nipple and areola. This may not be an option for all women.
- Modified radical mastectomy—Removal of the whole breast, the lymph nodes under the arm and, often, the lining over the chest muscles.
- Radical mastectomy—Removal of the breast, both chest muscles, the lymph nodes under the arm, and some additional fat and skin. This procedure is only considered in rare cases. It is done if the cancer has spread to the chest muscles.
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy —A small amount of blue dye and/or a radioactive tracer is placed in the area where the tumor was located. The lymph nodes that pick up the substance are removed. Those remaining lymph nodes should be removed if any sentinel nodes contain cancer. This method is usually done in women who do not have lymph nodes that can be felt in the armpit.
- Axillary lymph node dissection—Removal of the lymph nodes under the arm. This is done to help determine whether cancer cells have entered the lymphatic system.
- Cryotherapy—Extreme cold is used to freeze and destroy cancer cells. Cryotherapy is considered to be experimental at this time.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is the use of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. The main types of radiation include:
- External radiation therapy—Radiation directed at the breast from a source outside the body.
- Internal radiation therapy—Radioactive materials are placed into the breast in or near the cancer cells.
- Microwave thermotherapy—Used to bring cancer cells to a high temperature. This may make them more sensitive to when exposed to traditional radiation therapy treatment. It is early in the research process and may not be available in all areas.
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be given in many forms including pill, injection, or IV. The drugs enter the bloodstream. They travel through the body killing mostly cancer cells. Some healthy cells are killed as well.
The following therapies may be used in conjunction with chemotherapy:
- Biologic therapy —The use of medications or substances made by the body to treat cancer. Biologic response modifier (BRM) therapy is the use of medications to increase or restore the body's natural defenses against cancer.
- Targeted therapy —Treats specific characteristics of cancer cells by altering how the body responds to them. For example, medications can block the growth of new blood vessels or block chemical signals that allow cancer cells to grow and function.
- Hormone blocking therapy —Designed to take advantage of the fact that many breast cancers are estrogen sensitive. Estrogen binds to the estrogen-sensitive cells and stimulates them to grow and divide. Anti-estrogen drugs prevent the binding of estrogen. This stops the cells from growing and prevents or delays breast cancer from returning.
Other Medications
Cancer treatments can cause some side effects like nausea, anemia, pain, or bone loss. Other medications or treatments may be needed to minimize these problems throughout your cancer treatment.
Finding breast cancer early and treating it is the best way to prevent death from the disease. Breast cancer does not cause symptoms in the early stages. It is important to have screening exams and tests. These steps can help to find the cancer before symptoms appear. The following recommendations are for women with no symptoms who are not high risk for breast cancer:
- Age 40-49—recommendations vary from waiting until age 50 to having the screening every 1-2 years
- Age 50-74—ranges from every 1-2 years
Clinical breast exam:
- Age 25-39—ranges from 1-3 years
- Age 40 and older—every year
- Breast self-exam is optional for those age 20 and older. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits.
If you have an increased risk of breast cancer, you may need to start having mammograms earlier. You and your doctor can decide on the best screening schedule for you. It is important to note that mammograms are the most sensitive test currently used to evaluate the breast, but they will miss 10-15% of breast cancers. Mammograms also have a false positive result about 33% of the time. A false positive result occurs when a test suggests an illness that actually does not exist.
There are 2 medications to prevent breast cancer in high-risk, postmenopausal women. These medications increase your chances of having blood clots and stroke. Talk to your doctor about whether medication is right for you.
If you are at very high risk for breast cancer, surgery to remove your breasts before you get cancer (a procedure called prophylactic mastectomy ) may be an option.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
Copyright © EBSCO Information Services
All rights reserved.
American Cancer Society https://www.cancer.org
Cancer Care https://www.cancercare.org
Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation http://www.cbcf.org
Canadian Cancer Society http://www.cancer.ca
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Breast cancer. National Cancer Institute website. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/types/breast. Accessed December 31, 2013.
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Cryotherapy. Breast Cancer website. Available at: http://www.breastcancer.org/treatment/surgery/cryotherapy. Updated September 17, 2013. Accessed December 31, 2013.
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