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by John Sullivan on Aug 03, 2012
The rumble of thunder, the crack of lightening, the rush of windstorm, the clatter of hail stones - thunderstorms can bring devastation to your property and your autos in a flash.
How does your own insurance respond to these weather related claims? Fortunately, the insurance industry provides coverage for the perils of "windstorm & hail" and pays $billions in claims annually to individuals and businesses devastated by severe weather related damage. (see Violent Storms Kill 2, Leave Thousands Without Power in Mid-Atlantic, Midwest) and Thunderstorms & Wildfires Bring Destruction)
Property - How Coverage Applies:
The typical Homeowners policy (HO-3) insures the Dwelling (Coverage A) and Other Structures (Coverage B) against "risk of direct physical loss to property" and does not restrict losses for windstorm and hail damage. Even more restrictive "named peril" basic and broad policy forms like the Homeowners (HO-1 & HO-2) and Dwelling Fire forms (DF-1 & DF-2) all provide coverage for the perils of windstorm and hail. In the same way, Commercial Property (CP) policies also provide coverage for windstorm and hail losses. All property losses are subject to your selected deductible.
NOTE: Personal Property (Coverage C) is insured under "named perils" in most forms of which #2. Windstorm Or Hail is restricted in the following way: "This peril does not include loss to the property contained in a building caused by rain, snow, sleet, sand or dust unless the direct force of wind or hail damages the building causing an opening in a roof or wall and the rain, snow, sleet, sand or dust enters through this opening." This restriction is necessary because Personal Property under HO, DF, and Renters forms is insured anywhere in the world not just inside your home. So Personal Property left outside and exposed to weather events is not insured for windstorm or hail damage.
Auto Policy – How Coverage Applies:
Personal Auto Policies (PAP) and Commercial Auto Policies (CAP) will cover windstorm and hail physical damage claims if "Other Than Collision" (Comprehensive) coverage is included on the damaged vehicle. Loss is subject to your selected deductible.
(For related Property coverage information click WIND DAMAGE ~ Am I Covered?.)
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Utah Physicians for a Healthy Environment (UPHE) would like to add our strong support to the statements submitted by a few of our members whose families and loved ones have been directly affected by refinery emissions. These statements will be read along with UPHE's statement at the Houston, TX public hearing on Nov. 17 (see below for full press release). UPHE submitted comments on the refinery rule last year but would like to emphasize our concern over exemptions and loopholes that would allow communities to be exposed to the toxic pollution that we are all trying to work to avoid.
So-called accidental releases, that can take a high share of refinery emissions, would truly amount to the exception swallowing up the rule. The U.S. refinery industry is more accident prone than those in Europe because we are forcing our plants to produce beyond their designed capacity regardless of safety. Refinery emissions contain benzene, PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and VOCs such as toluene and xylene, several of which are carcinogens. Acute and episodic exposure to VOCs can be more harmful than exposure averages. UPHE has highlighted the danger of these pollutants on fetuses and newborns. They harm our entire body's system.
Exemptions on force majeure events and smoking flares cheat communities at risk of the protection they need. Let's not stop where a true benefit of a strong rule may be found.
CLICK HERE TO TAKE ACTION! The EPA is taking in public comment until Dec. 19, 2016.
November 16, 2016
On Nov. 17, EPA To Hold Public Hearing On Toxic Air Threats from Oil Refineries
Testimony in Houston Will Address National Requirements for Protection from Air Pollution
Washington, D.C. – The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is holding a hearing in response to a petition from 11 community and environmental groups challenging the federal agency's behind-closed-doors decision, giving U.S. refineries free passes to ignore pollution limits and release uncontrolled amounts of toxic chemicals in certain instances.
What: EPA Hearing with public testimony on national air toxics standards for refineries, last-minute exemptions, and the need for communities to have the full protection from the Clean Air Act every day, not just sometimes.
When: November 17, from 2:00 – 8:00pm (Central time). Speakers may come any time.
Hartman Community Center
9311 East Ave. P.
Houston, TX 77012
Last December, after decades of inaction, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency finally released important new air standards, tightening restrictions on the toxic pollution oil refineries can emit. The rules for the first time required over 140 refineries in the U.S. to monitor and report levels of benzene, a cancer-causing compound, at the boundaries of their properties and to cut emissions if they are too high. The rules targeted all oil refineries across the nation that are major air toxics sources, strengthening standards on emission sources like storage tanks, coker units, and flares, which burn off excess gases, but unfortunately the agency left key parts of its job undone by creating loopholes to several of these requirements at industry's request and not taking further actions to assure communities are not exposed to unacceptable and unfair health risks .
After the public comment period closed, EPA created dangerous new exemptions from pollution limits during periods of upset or malfunction when refineries can release large amounts of toxic air pollution during short periods of time through pressure relief devices and smoking flares, and threatening the health and safety of communities nearby. EPA created these malfunction exemptions allowing refineries to release unlimited air pollution, without public notice or comment, a gift to the oil industry, meaning that refineries have a free pass to pollute uncontrollably at least once (and possibly twice) every three years for each affected unit, which could result in hundreds of free passes to pollute.
On Feb. 1, 2016 community and environmental groups, represented by Earthjustice and the Environmental Integrity Project, filed an agency petition urging the EPA to take formal reconsideration action to remove the exemptions in the final rule that were added after the comment period closed. A hearing on the petition was granted November 3 and EPA is taking comment on reconsideration through Dec. 19, to decide whether it should remove the loopholes in the health protections and whether the agency should ensure that fenceline monitoring applies at all times at all refineries.
Contact: Keith Rushing, Earthjustice, email@example.com; (202) 797-5236; (757) 897-2147; Emma Cheuse, Earthjustice,email@example.com, (202) 745-5220;
Utah Physicians for a Healthy Environment (Salt Lake City, UT), Denni Cawley, (385)707-3677, firstname.lastname@example.com;
Juan Parras, Texas Environmental Justice Advocacy Services, (281) 513-7799, firstname.lastname@example.com;
Adrian Shelley or Brian Butler, Air Alliance Houston, (713) 702-8063, email@example.com
Sparsh Khandeshi or Gabriel Clark-Leach, Environmental Integrity Project, (202) 263-4446, email@example.com;
Neil Carman, Sierra Club, 512-288-5772, email@example.com
Coalition For A Safe Environment (Wilmington, CA), Jesse Marquez, (310) 704-1265
Del Amo Action Committee (Torrance, CA), Cynthia Babich, (310) 769-4813
Louisiana Bucket Brigade (New Orleans), Anne Rolfes, (504) 484-3433
EPA Website on the reconsideration proceeding:
Community Groups' Lawsuit and Full Reconsideration Petition for EPA to Strengthen Standards:
Community Groups' Intervention Opposing Industry's Lawsuit:

subset: commoncrawl


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If you have been holding out for a quality checkers game on your shiny new Windows 8 device, this recent release from popular developer Random Salad Games could just be the things for you.
It is hard to go wrong with a name like Checkers Deluxe, provided you know what you are doing.
Luckily, the developers behind this know full well, and they have crafted a neatly presented and pleasingly attractive experience. This free game offers 6 different variations of the game, from standard to tournament checkers, even some international varieties.
More on that after the official description:
"Play Checkers Deluxe, a fun and free version of the classic game of Checkers. Enjoy 6 different game variations, including Standard, Casual, and Tournament checkers. Try to beat the computer on all four difficulty settings, or just play with your friends. Detailed HD graphics and animations round out this great game."
In terms of graphics and visual presentation, Checkers Deluxe is very much similar in polish to other popular titles from the developer. And in terms of gameplay, this is another win. The various difficulty levels of the AI provide ample challenge.
You also get hints for which moves you can make.
The game has just recently landed, but there is enough gloss and grace in this initial version to make it another success. You will want to check it out if you are into board games, and have Windows 8 running on x86, x64 or ARM processors.
Click here to check out Checkers Deluxe on the Windows Store.


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I consider the MET my favorite museum in the world. It's not a secret that most of the important art master pieces are here, but the experience is very deep.
Located in Central Park with main entrance in Fifth Avenue, the building is really beautiful, and the entrance known for the stairs. Inside is big, very big, and I encourage you to go with time, or two days if don't want to burn your feet. Ancient, contemporary and modern art from all places in the world.
This is a must see in NYC.
Video linkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntTyA222cE0
Contact info
1000 5th Avenue – New York, NY 10028
(212) 535-7710
- map


text: With all the field work completed, the air unit was able to pack up and fly home. One by one the Twin Otters left Rothera to begin their long journey north. On 1st March the Dash 7 was the last to leave. As we waved it good bye we began rolling away the runway, ready for the winter. As it turns out it was needed much sooner than we thought. There was one more Basler still trying to get home. It was stuck at Halley with its back wheel ripped out of the undercarriage, a result of one too many rough landings. After a lot of will-they-won't-they, the plane was finally fixed and ready to fly north, via us. This is the Basler, our actual real last plane of the summer leaving Rothera. Runway status? No known traffic!


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AFCEN's international activities are strongly focused on the five key objectives below:
- Continue developing working platforms for the nuclear industry in each area where its codes are used, mainly the UK and China.
- Pursue AFCEN's development around the world: Asia (China and India), the European Union (United Kingdom, Poland, Czech Republic, etc.), South Africa and the Middle East by supporting projects in France's nuclear industry.
- Build on the industrial practice of international users (the United Kingdom and China in particular) and the technical instructions relating for certifing to the licensing of projects that have used AFCEN codes as a reference (UK, for example).
- Listen to the expectations of the international nuclear community.
- Continue the policy of comparing AFCEN codes with the other nuclear codes within MDEP (Multinational Design Evaluation Program) and CORDEL (Cooperation in Reactor Design, Evaluation and Licensing).
AFCEN pursues an extensive range of rewarding initiatives in France. AFCEN's editorial activities are described in Chapter 2, while training activities are detailed in Chapter 3.
Relationship with France's nuclear Safety Authority
- Regular meetings between senior executives at AFCEN and ASN:
AFCEN's senior management meets the Nuclear Safety Authority's executives every two years. The last meeting was held on January 5, 2017. AFCEN's Board of Directors met with ASN's Chairman, the Directorate-General, the Nuclear Pressure Equipment Department (DEP) and its technical support orrganization, the French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN).
Talks covered the progress of the ESPN program, the challenges of defining codes in France and Europe, and the value of comparing nuclear codes on a global scale.
In conclusion, ASN encouraged AFCEN to continue down the internationalization road and carry on supporting the users of its codes. ASN measured the technical achievements and developments accomplished over the last three years.
- Incorporation of the ESPN nuclear pressure equipment regulation into the codes:
AFCEN has defined a three-year program (2016-2018) for incorporating the ESPN regulation into the codes in response to a request from the French Nuclear Safety Authority, which subsequently approved the program. The aim of the three-year program is to produce a professional technical standard to address the essential safety requirements of the ESPN regulation of December 30, 2015, which governs the construction, manufacture and installation of nuclear pressure components in France. This standard is based on RCC-M and RSE-M addenda and on a set of guides (AFCEN technical publications) covering the topics addressed by the ESPN Regulation. The program is progressing at a satisfactory pace. The 2018 editions of the RCC-M and RSE-M codes will include all work to date.
ASN has already formally endorsed three topics for N1 equipment (risk analysis, instructions manual and dimensional reference standard). ASN has responded positively to the prospect of granting its full endorsement: "by the end of the three-year program and provided that the program has been carried out correctly, formal endorsement for all the topics covered will be granted when ASN can no longer identify any areas within RCC-M 2018 that fail to comply with regulatory requirements" (Nuclear Valley conference in November 2017).
In 2018, GSEN (Group for Nuclear Equipment Safety) will analyse the extent to which RCC-M 2018 meets the requirements of the ESPN Regulation for N2/N3 equipment.
In addition to the three-year program, AFCEN is also looking into the prospect of:
- creating an oversight group to update the standard following changes to the regulation over time and thereby maintain official endorsement,
- ensuring that the standard is sufficiently stable for implementation in projects. The next step in the ESPN Regulation may involve the possibility of submitting a safety options dossier for N1 equipment to ASN for review and subsequent advisory. The same objective is being pursued for N2/N3 equipment while taking account of the specific challenges involved (especially relating to the amount of equipment involved).
In 2015, the CSFN (Strategic Committee of the Nuclear Industry) compiled a list of all professional entities in France (associations, clusters, platforms, etc.) specializing in or involved in the nuclear industry.
The CSFN subsequently created its own working group entitled "International Codes, Norms and Standards" (CNSI), and AFCEN has been an active contributor since July 2015.
CNSI is drafting a standardization strategy for the French nuclear industry that focuses on "new nuclear" facilities, the operation of existing plants, the fuel lifecycle and dismantling.
AFCEN biennial congress
In February 2017, AFCEN's International Conference attracted over 200 participants from different countries (China, South Korea, United Kingdom, United States, Belgium, Sweden, Canada, European Union, Germany, Russia, France and Poland). The highlights of the conference included the participation of the French Safety Authority (ASN, Mr. Julien Collet) and the British Safety Authority (ONR, Mr. Shane Turner) during the plenary session, as well as the inauguration of the RCC-CW UK Users Group in the presence of NNB (overall leader of the UK Users Groups) and AMEC (leader of the RCC-CW Users Group). The address by Mr. Steve Vaslet, representing NNB, on the application of the ETC-C code in the HPC project sparked great interest. The conference also gave AFCEN the ideal opportunity to ascertain the views and needs of its members, stakeholders, authorities, customers and projects. During the plenary session and round-table discussion, representatives of the code's main users (FA3 EPR, HPC EPR, Sizewell C EPR, NM EPR, EDF Development Division, ASTRID and ITER) discussed AFCEN's involvement in supporting the various projects. The Subcommittee sessions focused on current developments, the incorporation of feedback and changes to AFCEN's codes to address innovations, safety issues and more generally the needs of the nuclear industry.
European Union
In keeping with its international development strategy, AFCEN launched an exercise in "Europeanizing" a code in 2009 as part of a CEN workshop (WS 64).
The workshop used the case of RCC-MRx to prompt European partners to propose code modifications that would serve their projects. The workshop issued a stream of modification proposals, 20 of which were considered to have sufficient justification for inclusion into the code and constituted the workshop agreement. They were added to the 2012 edition of the code.
Based on what was considered a positive feedback by all partners, a continuation of the CEN Workshop was launched in 2014 to investigate the potential needs for creating a code for mechanical and civil engineering works for Gen II to Gen IV nuclear facilities. Workshop members submitted several proposed changes to the RCC-M, RCC-CW and RCC-MRx codes to AFCEN, which has responded positively about the prospect of incorporating the majority of proposals into the codes.
Preparations are currently being made to launch Phase 3 of the workshop. The aim of this phase is to invite proposals for code changes from the operators, the authorities' technical support teams and industry players who could ultimately be involved in evaluating and taking part in nuclear projects using AFCEN codes.
This activity is in line with the general goal of harmonizing industry practices promoted by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Energy, which has lent its support accordingly. Furthermore, AFCEN highlighted the value of this approach when developing the implementation programs during the 2018-2025 period of the European Union's Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan). A collaborative process for defining and creating the codes would appear to be a key enabling condition for identifying the potential gains in competitive advantage for European industry and for driving research, innovation and demonstration efforts across the EU.
AFCEN's ties with China can be traced back to 1986 with the construction of the two Daya Bay 900 MW units in the Guangdong province of southern China. At that time, the power plant was based on the Gravelines 5/6 plant design.
AFCEN codes became increasingly widespread in China and gathered pace in 2007 when the Chinese Safety Authority (NNSA) imposed their use (via "Decision no. 28") for Generation II+ nuclear projects. This requirement prompted the CGN Group to translate the available editions of the codes following authorization from AFCEN between 2008 and 2012, and this initiative was strongly supported by various governmental organizations (NEA, NNSA, CMIF etc.).
In 2008 and 2013, Chinese users adopted the codes: technical seminars were organized between AFCEN and the codes main users, with discussions to clarify and interpret several aspects of the codes (several hundreds of interpretation requests).
To provide a coordinated response to such a high demand, several agreements and MOUs (memoranda of understanding) were signed in 2014, especially with CGN and CNNC, the two largest nuclear operators, as well as with CNEA, the largest association in China's nuclear industry (featuring operators, engineering firms, manufacturers, and so on). In 2014, these partnerships led to the creation of Chinese Users Groups and the first technical seminar between AFCEN and CNEA, which focused on regulations, codes and standards, qualification of equipment, I&C, etc.
Chinese experts strengthened their relationship with their French counterparts in 2015 by holding several technical sessions (Chinese Specialized Users Groups or CSUGs) to discuss the contents and interpretation of the codes, and interpretation of the codes. There are currently eight CSUGs covering all of AFCEN's technical fields. By September 2017, 29 CSUG meetings had been held in China, during which experts presented and discussed 337 technical topics.
Activities in 2017
As of December 31, 2017, 32 plants in operation and 12 plants under construction were using or had used (during construction) AFCEN codes in China.
In 2017, AFCEN's main actions relating to activities in China were as follows:
- AFCEN signed a long-term cooperation agreement relating to nuclear standards and codes with NEA (National Energy Administration – Chinese Ministry of Energy) on November 30, 2017, in Beijing. This agreement builds on the joint statement released by the Chinese and French governments in June 2015 in Paris:
"China and France encourage cooperation in terms of harmonizing nuclear codes and standards, and wish to step up the cooperative ties between AFCEN, ISNI [Institute for Standardization of Nuclear Industry, CNNC Group] and SNPI [Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, CGN Group], which will be conducive to reinforcing the good lessons learned on an international level from the experience acquired in the French and Chinese nuclear industries. The uptake, consultation and use of the respective standards by both parties will be supported to improve reciprocal recognition of French and Chinese standards."
The agreement signed on November 30, 2017, marks a milestone in AFCEN's development in China. It gives Chinese standardization bodies official permission to use AFCEN codes as a reference for drafting the country's future nuclear standards, while allowing for their translation into Chinese. The agreement also encourages regular technical discussions between China and France with a view to working together in enhancing the nuclear codes and standards by incorporating the highly dynamic feedback from the nuclear industries in both countries.
- During its conference at the end of February 2017 in Lyon, AFCEN played host to a major Chinese delegation from NEA (National Energy Administration), CGN, CNNC and industrial groups (23 participants). This delegation took part in AFCEN Subcommittee meetings and technical workshops. During the General Meeting, an AFCEN award was bestowed on Mr. Xiaozhen Wu, Director of the CGN Standards Development Office, in recognition of his significant contribution towards AFCEN's development in China, especially in his role as Secretary-General of AFCEN-CUG (China Users Group).
- In May, June and subsequently in October 2017, further meetings were held between AFCEN's experts and members of the Chinese Specialized Users Groups (CSUGs) in Suzhou, Shanghai and Beijing. AFCEN's experts and their counterparts continued discussing the content and interpretation of all the codes, as well as their use in China. The different meetings were attended by several dozens of Chinese experts from engineering firms (particularly CGN and CNNC), industry and China's Safety Authority.
- Zhejiang JIULI High-tech Metals Co. Ltd joined AFCEN in 2017 and became the third Chinese corporate member within AFCEN (after CGN and CNNC in 2011 and 2014 respectively).
- After AFCEN had formally certified the Chinese-language RCC-M course in 2016, which was subject to an agreement between SNPI and AFCEN, two new RCC-M training sessions were held in Suzhou in 2017. AFCEN training completion certificates were issued to the trainees who passed the final exam.
- AFCEN and ISNI (CNNC) renewed their cooperative ties in 2017 for a further three years until 2020. This new MOU effectively guarantees the necessary resources to support AFCEN's activities in China in the years ahead.
Speech by Mr. Xiaozhen Wu (CGN-SNPI) during the AFCEN Conference in 2017 in Lyon
Signing of the renewed MOU with CNNC-ISNI
Outlook for AFCEN in China in 2018
In 2018, AFCEN will pursue its policy of developing cooperation on codes and standards, and will continue honouring its commitments towards its Chinese partners. The main milestones and prospects are as follows:
- In the wake of the MOU with NEA, set up a committee to oversee all cooperation actions, define the governance rules and terms of operation for the expert working group, and organize a first steering committee meeting.
- Participation of AFCEN's Chinese members in the AFCEN Day in Paris in 2018, including the Subcommittee meetings and technical breakout sessions.
- Organize new meetings of the Chinese Specialized Users Groups to promote dialog on the use of AFCEN's codes in China, while encouraging technical discussions with particular emphasis on clarifying and interpreting specific aspects of the codes.
- Extend the agreement with SNPI concerning AFCEN-certified Chinese-language training courses and develop a course for a new code in addition to RCC-M.
- As part of the CUGs, launch an International Working Group with Chinese and French experts collaborating on a technical topic of joint interest before future-proofing the organization to allow for Chinese best practices to be introduced into AFCEN's codes.
- Adapt AFCEN's IT tools and systems to suit the local context in China.
United Kingdom
Background and general objectives
AFCEN codes are being used in the United Kingdom as a reference for the design, construction and in-service inspection of the following PWR reactor projects:
- Hinkley Point C (HPC): two units (for the detailed design and construction phases),
- Sizewell C: two units (for the project design phase - identical design to HPC),
The EPR design passed the GDA in the United Kingdom in 2013, and the AFCEN codes were approved by the British Safety Authority (ONR – Office for Nuclear Regulation). The final investment decision (FID) for the HPC project was taken in September 2016, paving the way for engineering and construction of the power plant. There are plans to build two reactors at the Sizewell C site based on the same design as the two HPC units.
The reactors' future operator (NNB – Nuclear New Build) is liaising with the Safety Authority. Outstanding issues are being examined according to AFCEN codes for mechanical components (RCC-M 2007 edition + 2008-2010 addenda), electrical equipment (RCC-E 2005 edition), civil engineering works (ETC-C 2010 edition) and fire protection (ETC-F 2013 edition). NNB has decided to use the RSE-M code for monitoring in-service mechanical components, while adapting certain rules to meet the context and operational requirements specific to the United Kingdom. The group of independent experts, which NNB commissioned to address ONR's concerns about the code, endorsed the methods for analyzing the impacts of defects detected during operation (Appendix 5.4, also used during the design phase) against current practices in the United Kingdom (R6 Rules).
The project to build a reactor featuring Chinese technology (UK HUALONG) is undergoing the GDA process in the UK (Bradwell B). The blueprint for this project is mainly based on AFCEN codes. The GDA for this reactor will take advantage of the lessons learned from the EPR project using AFCEN codes.
Furthermore, dissemination of AFCEN's code culture within British industry is essential for simplifying understanding and use of the codes in projects and potentially aligning them with local regulations and industry practices.
The dissemination of AFCEN's code culture within British industry is essential for facilitating the understanding and use of the codes in projects and aligning them with local regulations and industry practices. With this aim in mind, the AFCEN code Users Groups (UK Users Groups) comprise companies concerned by the use of AFCEN codes, and representatives from NNB and AFCEN. These Users Groups have the following missions:
- facilitate uptake of AFCEN codes among industry and partners (designers, manufacturers, contractors, suppliers and consultants) by minimizing discrepancies caused by poor interpretation of the codes as early as possible during the project,
- determine training needs and facilitate appropriate solutions,
- establish effective communication channels with AFCEN's Subcommittees,
- collect users' requests and proposals (interpreting and modifying codes, drafting guides or appendices specific to the local context if necessary), building on industrial practices and making AFCEN codes even more robust.
Activities in 2017
The RCC-M Users Group has been coordinated by TWI (The Welding Institute) since 2013. This group currently has approximately 20 members representing manufacturers, engineering firms, consultants, inspection and training organizations, institutes, and so on.
AFCEN's experts and the member companies have addressed the following key technical issues: materials sourcing and manufacture, quality requirements, and requirements for nuclear pressure components. In addition, work has started on producing guidelines for applying RCC-M, which is mainly focused on the use of RCC-M for the HPC project. In December 2016, the RCC-M UK Users Group was invited by Doosan Babcock to attend a meeting in Glasgow.
Following the kick-off meeting in November 2016, the Users Group on civil engineering codes held two meetings in 2017 (June and December). Led by WOOD PLC (formerly AMEC-FW), the group includes the main companies involved in the HPC project. The Users Group was officially launched during the AFCEN Conference in February 2017.
The creation of an RCC-E Users Group will be examined in 2018.
The RCC-F code already has a UK-specific appendix to incorporate British fire protection regulations, but there are no plans to create a Users Group for this code.
After participating in the international India Nuclear Energy show in Mumbai in 2016, AFCEN has continued its policy of developing cooperative ties with India.
On November 10, 2017, AFCEN participated in the supply chain event organized by the JNPP project.
A seminar on AFCEN's codes was held in New Delhi for the first time on December 12, 2017. The event was organized in partnership with EDF, the French Embassy in New Delhi and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI). The focus for this inaugural seminar was to present the RCC-M (mechanical components) and RCC-CW codes (civil engineering). During the event, experts from AFCEN's members (including AREVA NP, EDF and WOOD PLC (AMEC FW)) shared their experiences with Indian companies.
Over the next two days in Mumbai, AFCEN, EDF and the French Embassy staged three bilateral meetings with NPCIL (Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd), Larsen & Toubro and Reliance Infrastructure.
These sessions were aimed at reinforcing collaborative ties between France and India ahead of the JNPP project (Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project).
AFCEN has already forged ties with India's nuclear industry, especially through the use of the RCC-MR code (predecessor of the RCC-MRx code) during the design of the PFBR (Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor), which is currently undergoing construction in Kalpakkam.
In 2018, AFCEN is determined to pursue its policy of developing cooperation with India.
Harmonization and cooperation initiatives
A major force in the nuclear codes sector around the world, and as part of its determination to continually incorporate industry best practice and local regulations for its code users, AFCEN is naturally involved in the harmonization programs either set up by international organizations or created at its own initiative.
For example, AFCEN contributes to the objectives of harmonizing mechanical codes as set forth in the multinational design evaluation program (MDEP) implemented by the Safety Authorities in the main countries using nuclear energy.
Similarly, AFCEN is an observer in the "Codes & Standards" task force of the working group (formed by the World Nuclear Association WNA, which includes industry's main players) on cooperation in reactor design evaluation and licensing (CORDEL).
In the same spirit, AFCEN's members are active in various standardization bodies at the European (CEN / CENELEC) and international level (ISO / IEC).
In addition, AFCEN has launched a strategy to examine the needs for Gen II to IV reactors at the European level through Workshop 64 of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
AFCEN has taken part in the group of Standards Development Organizations (SDO) ever since it was created by the MDEP (Multinational Design Evaluation Program) Mechanical Codes and Standards Working Group (CSWG) in 2006. With this aim in mind, the "Convergence Board [for nuclear mechanical codes]" was created in 2010 to identify and facilitate the introduction of compatible rules in each of the mechanical codes. AFCEN is a member of the Convergence Board similarly as ASME, JSME, KEPIC, CSA and NIKIET. The SDO board holds three meetings a year in addition to the ASME Code Week and reports on its work once a year to MDEP/CSWG.
The different organizations share their views about the technical subject areas that deserve to be compared and potentially made similar or equivalent across the codes: fatigue curves and environmental effects, piping design rules, and the use of finite element analyses for classifying stresses. SDOs take an in-depth look at the work that has already been performed on comparing codes. ASME ST-LLC published a report entitled "Code Comparison Report for Class 1 Nuclear Power Plant Components" in 2012 that identifies the different subject areas for which a code comparison could be beneficial, as well as a comparison of welding practices in 2016. SDOs also draw inspiration from the work performed by WNA/CORDEL.
In 2017, AFCEN took part in the SDO Board meetings, as well as the fourth MDEP Conference in September. Attendees reported on the difficulty involved in strictly harmonizing the codes, and the issue of reconciling or creating equivalent codes remains open. Representatives from the SDO Convergence Board met the Nuclear Safety Authorities during a joint meeting with the MDEP Codes & Standards Task Force (CSWG-MDEP) in November in Phoenix, which was also attended by the CORDEL/WNA Codes & Standards group.
WNA (World Nuclear Association) created the CORDEL working group (Cooperation in Reactor Design, Evaluation and Licensing) in 2007 to stimulate dialog between the international nuclear industry and Safety Authorities.
AFCEN's RCC-M Subcommittee is invited to voice its opinion about the work of the Mechanical Codes & Standards Task Force (CORDEL/MCSTF). In 2015, AFCEN endorsed the publication of a document comparing the qualification of non-destructive testing personnel (Qualifications for NDE Personnel, Harmonization of International Code Requirements). In 2016, WNA/CORDEL published a comparative study on welding practices commissioned by the SDO Convergence Board featuring input from AFCEN's members. In 2017, WNA/CORDEL published a code comparison report on non-linear analysis design rules and is continuing to work on a set of benchmarks based on test cases featuring contributions from AFCEN code users. The project aimed at comparing different fatigue analysis practices was submitted to AFCEN, which will check the elements presented in the RCC-M and RCC-MRx codes.
CORDEL is a useful platform for AFCEN and its members to harmonize coded best practices at the international level.
A proposal was initially made within CEN to set up a workshop to encourage the different organizations and stakeholders in the ESNII (European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative affiliated with SNETP and covering Generation IV fast neutron reactors) to help with enhancing the draft version of the RCC-MRx code.
The European Commission has been associated with AFCEN's initiative since day one and has lent its support ever since.
This proposal was accepted by CEN and joined by 14 European organizations.
Workshop 64 (WS 64), named "Design and Construction Code for mechanical components of innovative nuclear installations", was created on February 3, 2011. Its terms of reference were compared to those in force within AFCEN's Subcommittees.
Workshop 64 ran until October 2012 and produced 33 modification proposals for the RCC-MRx code, 20 of which were incorporated into the published edition. Furthermore, 8 of the 13 other proposals, which could not be converted into modification files due to a lack of technical justification, highlighted the need for mid-term changes to the code.
Feedback on the first initiative was considered to be highly satisfactory and rewarding by all stakeholders. Spurred on by these results, AFCEN took the initiative of continuing this action by fine-tuning objectives according to two focus areas:
- invite short-term project leaders to come and work directly in the Subcommittee in order to enhance the code with the driving force adapted to their requirements,
- prepare the future codes within external prospective groups, where parties potentially using codes for medium and long-term projects can express their technical requirements, discuss which supporting evidence is required, any R&D actions needed and the installations where such actions can be carried out.
As part of the first focus area, AFCEN gained three new European members.
The second focus area prompted AFCEN to propose a second phase for Workshop 64 with a broader scope than for Phase 1; in other words, in addition to mechanical engineering for Gen IV nuclear facilities, Phase 2 includes mechanical components for current reactors (based on the RCC-M code) and civil engineering works (based on the RCC-CW code).
This proposal was again accepted by CEN and has currently been joined by 15 organizations.
Workshop 64 - Phase 2, entitled "Design and Construction Code for mechanical and civil engineering for Gen II to IV nuclear facilities (pilot case for process for evolution of AFCEN codes)", was created on June 6, 2014 for a three-year term, which may be renewed if necessary according to the participants' needs and interests. Since the workshop's participants experienced difficulties in assimilating the codes, which in turn put the workshop's production phase behind schedule, members formally agreed during the plenary meeting on June 8, 2017 to extend Phase 2 by one year. This extension will enable participants to fully implement the process for ensuring continuous coordination with AFCEN, such as stipulated in the business plan.
The workshop comprises three "prospective groups", each of which covering one of the aforementioned fields (Gen II-III mechanical engineering, Gen IV mechanical engineering and civil engineering works) and led by renowned experts from organizations that are not AFCEN members.
In each group, AFCEN has delegated a representative from the relevant Subcommittee to guide the group's work and provide information on the codes and the methods for updating the codes.
Early 2017, AFCEN sent its response to the workshop concerning the 13 proposals issued in 2016. AFCEN agreed to incorporate ten of the proposals without any changes, while agreeing in principle to two other proposals subject to having the necessary time to give the proposals due consideration. However, AFCEN saw no merit in accepting the workshop's proposal of supplementing the codes with requirements relating to independent inspection organizations and explained its reasons accordingly.
Based on the performance of this first stage, AFCEN has proposed continuing this initiative with Phase 3. Phase 3 is aimed at inviting proposals for code changes from the operators, the authorities' technical support teams and industry players who could ultimately be involved in evaluating and taking part in nuclear projects using AFCEN codes.
Based on the performance of this first stage, AFCEN will propose the terms for continuing this initiative.


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Logos are the most integral part of your business. They are featured in nearly every form of media, and must represent the values and goals of your company. If you need a logo, logo update, or a complete company upgrade we are here to help make sure your logo represents exactly who you are.
TriLeaf Designs offers expert logos from which you can build a stunning corporate identity. Our meticulous creation process ensures that you are involved in every step of the logo's creation. This way we can guarantee that you will not only get a well designed logo, but one that reflects your unique business identity. At TriLeaf Designs, we use multiple designers during the initial design stage to come up with different options for you to choose from. We understand that every designer has their own style and want to match the right design to you. When a logo is finalized we provide our clients with several different file types including pdf for print, jpeg for web, and eps for later editing. We also provide a style sheet which includes the CMYK, RGB, and Pantone color instructions, a horizontal and vertical (if applicable) version of the logo, as well as a black and white version for colorless media. We do this because it is important to us that you create a solid identity from the very beginning. If you need a logo, logo update, or a complete company upgrade we are here to help make sure your logo represents exactly who you are.
TriLeaf Designs offers many different packages to suit your designing needs and budget. Below are examples of the different packages we offer. If you have any questions on the pricing, you are welcome to call us at 314-753-5323.


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American Life in Poetry: Column 663
At a friend's wedding, as she stood in her reception line, an older woman leaned in and whispered, "Always rinse your dishrag in cold water so it won't stink." Advice! Christine Stewart-Nuñez lives and teaches in South Dakota, and the following poem capturing her grandmother's witty advice is from her book Untrussed, from the University of New Mexico Press.
For Elizabeth, Who Loved to Square Dance
I wore Grandma Liz's pearls
for play, a plastic strand long
enough to pool on the carpet
over my stubbed toes. When I pull
them over my head now, I smell
phantoms: cigarettes, Esteé
Lauder. I don't smoke or spritz
on perfume. I don't layer polyester
or perm my hair. I've slipped off
my wedding ring as she did, signed
divorce. What advice would she offer
for life between husbands? Wear red
lipstick and always leave it behind.
We do not accept unsolicited submissions. American Life in Poetry is made possible by The Poetry Foundation (www.poetryfoundation.org), publisher of Poetry magazine. It is also supported by the Department of English at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Poem copyright ©2016 by Christine Stewart-Nuñez, "For Elizabeth, Who Loved to Square Dance," from Untrussed, (University of New Mexico Press, 2016). Poem reprinted by permission of Christine Stewart-Nuñez and the publisher. Introduction copyright © 2019 by The Poetry Foundation. The introduction's author, Ted Kooser, served as United States Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 2004-2006.


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The next time you purchase the new Justin Bieber album or a pair of leg warmers online, you may have to pay sales tax.
This week the Senate will be voting on the Marketplace Fairness Act, which would grant each state the power to collect sales tax from internet sales.
This bill has come into existence partially because of decreased pressure from Amazon, who now has physical distribution centers in almost every state, thus giving the company nexus in those states.
This law would potentially level the playing field between online and brick and mortar retail shops making prices equal for both types of entities.
Read More:


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I do realize he may want me to be not so ambituous which I am. They know that they are the best.
Some Mormons believe the Telestial Kingdom will be littered with spouses who refused to get baptized. The important things that keep our marriage a happy, healthy, and very loving one are the same things sushi keep any other hook alive and the 10, 0.


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This year we will be releasing 10 new limited edition prints by selected festival artists available from the tobacco facotory cafe bar from 11am Saturday, along with a large range of paper works by participating artists.
The largest upfest sales area, with artwork, merchandise, and clothing from this years festival artists. A framing service is also available.
Official upfest Merchandise stall in collaboration with Tangent Books, check out the official upfest stall, to pick up your official t-shirts, books and other Bristol goodies.
Will play host to an exhibition of artwork from those participating in the festival, along with pens, books and clothing.
Will play host to an exciting exhibtion from our festival artists. With framed prints available to purchase at the bar.


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Michelle Kemmer, CPA
I know Ascanio from rock climbing, but when I was feeling stuck in my professional life, he's the first person I turned to for help. He's excellent at getting you to focus and identify the specific beliefs or thought patterns that might be holding you back. He asks tough questions that force you to really analyze your goals and motivations. He helped me to clarify my path and see new and exciting prospects ahead of me. And he's super energizing! I'm very grateful for his sage advice and enthusiasm, and I highly recommend him! Thank you so much, Ascanio!!


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Cloud Solutions
Massively scale your computing resources on-demand. Cloud Computing lets you deploy on-demand computing instances running enterprise-grade and open source operating systems in as few as five minutes.
Guaranteed to be based on a minimum of a 2.0GHz processor, the Cloud Computing Instances are available with your choice of operating system and includes a library of images to choose from.
Built on Fox Data Services's automated data center services expertise and Citrix? XenServerTM, these instances can stand alone or be Seamlessly integrated with the rest of your Fox Data Services dedicated servers, virtual servers, automated services, and additional Cloud Services, to create a unified computing environment with unequaled efficiency and interoperability.
Fox Data Services offers several cloud computing options to fit the needs of any application or business need:
Key Advantage
- Apache Tomcat 5.5 or 6.0 (Apache Tomcat 4.1.x is also available if needed)
- Java JDK 5 or 6 (older versions available if needed)
- Apache Tomcat Manager
- Web based Tomcat Probe is included on all packages except Starter.
- JDBC connector
- Ability to stop and start your container at any time via shell or Probe.
- Customization flexibility - install needed jars in classpath
- Multiple webapps and domain hosting
- Run Struts, Spring, Hibernate or any other framework and relational mapping system compatible with Apache Tomcat (Not suitable for Starter Package)
- Java Service Wrapper for Maximum availability
- Raid protected storage
- Your choice of Apache Tomcat version 4, 5.5 or 6
- JAVA hosting with JDK 1.4, 5 or 6
- Full access to start/stop your private tomcat container when needed
- Full support to deploy Servlets, JSP, JSF, JSTL, Struts, Spring, Seam and Sitemesh
- Dedicated memory options for your needs: 32MB, 64MB, 128MB or 256MB
- MySQL or PostgreSQL
- Free Subversion (SVN) repository


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Concept Design
DesignGroop provides initial stage design for vehicle interior and exteriors. We have successfully been involved in new rail vehicle designs for light rail, suburban and intercity stock for the UK, Spain, Ireland and Austria. Our role is typically as design support for a larger contractor.
Redesign & Re-Engineering
In the UK rail industry, rolling stock capacity is an ongoing issue. As the Government and train operating companies look for ever increasing cost efficiencies, many rail vehicles previously expected to fall short of future disability regulations have been given new life through the application of PRM TSI regulations, rather than the more prescriptive RVAR requirements. This initiative, supported by 'targeted compliance' will allow many vehicles to continue working beyond the 2020 threshold, subject to certain re-engineering.
At DesignGroop we have experience providing design concepts, visuals, refurbishment proposals and layout/capacity options for the re-engineering of a wide range of UK rolling stock. Whether looking for substantial proposals as part of a wider fleet upgrade, or simply suggestions for a refresh, we can help.


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I've often been asked why water plays such an integral part of many of my artistic creations. In fact, it represents one of the most common inquiries when I've had the opportunity to speak with individuals who are viewing my work in person.
Water indeed factors as a seminal component when speaking of not only my creative but also my philosophical view of reality. It's not just a constituent part of my biochemical and environmental surroundings. Instead, it serves as a metaphysical catalyst for many of my cognitive processes in the artistic realm.
Even more particularly, the symbolic, transcendental, and literal applications of water's presence (or essence) represents a core component of my artistic expression.
Leonardo da Vinci declared that "Water is the driving force of all nature." Furthermore, each one of us is aware of the fact that water can and does represent distinct and profound properties associated with all life on earth. It epitomizes not only the foundation of our physical and chemical makeup, it also evokes a distinguishing aspect of cleansing and healing as well.
All world religions have incorporated water in some integral manner. Water has been used as a symbol for birth (or rebirth). Water has been utilized as a symbol for death. Water has also been used to connote a cleansing and/or clarifying agent. Additionally, water has been symbolically utilized for millennia as one of the key components of the origin of life itself (think of the womb and how each one of us is literally born first into and then out of water).
Without water there is no life, both literally as well as figuratively.
"Immersion" represents a number of such themes. The colors, tones, and hues not only represent those which are familiar to me as a resident of Alaska and its often breathtaking studies in water, but also those specific motifs noted above.
Inherent in this work is also one of the most fascinating and one of my most cherished concepts as it pertains not only to nature but to life itself, an idea which was brought to my attention many years ago:
"No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it is not the same river and he is not the same man." — Heraclitus


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MakeEdge® Click-in Knife Sharpener Make Edge® is a knife honing mechanism, made in ceramics by the same company that makes the Crushgrind mechanisms.
It needs to be mounted inside customized stand and is ideal woodturning project.
It can be used on both plain edged and round serrated knives 10 year Gurantee


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Dr Scott Schumann and Grove City Dental is the home of phenomenal sedation dentistry. This very safe technique will take you to La La Land and let us take care of your issues in 1-2 visits.
Behind Fiesta Mariachi and next to Aldi's
The Key To Your Future...
The goal of the Grove City Chamber of Commerce is to help define, develop, and implement programs and services that enhance economic opportunity. Grove City is one of central Ohio's fastest-growing communities. It enjoys an excellent business climate, a highly-motivated work force and an outstanding quality of life, providing great potential for all types of enterprises. Read more »


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'Immoral' family separation policy dividing Republicans
Key party figures including former first lady Laura Bush have condemned Donald Trump's policy.
The controversial policy of separating children from their parents is starting to divide Republicans and their allies as Democrats turn up the pressure.
Former first lady Laura Bush called the policy "cruel" and "immoral", Republican senator Susan Collins expressed concern about it, and a former adviser to Donald Trump said he thought the issue was going to hurt the president.
Religious groups, including some conservative ones, are also protesting.
Mrs Bush made some of the strongest comments yet about the policy from the Republican side of the aisle.
Opinion: Laura Bush writes that separating children from their families at the border "breaks my heart" https://t.co/FxjexFRmaf
— Washington Post (@washingtonpost) June 18, 2018
"I live in a border state. I appreciate the need to enforce and protect our international boundaries, but this zero-tolerance policy is cruel. It is immoral. And it breaks my heart," she wrote in a guest column for the Washington Post Sunday.
She compared it to the internment of Japanese-Americans during the Second World War, which she called "one of the most shameful episodes in US history".
Maine senator Ms Collins said she favours tighter border security, but expressed deep concerns about the child separation policy.
"What the administration has decided to do is to separate children from their parents to try to send a message that if you cross the border with children, your children are going to be ripped away from you," she said.
"That's traumatising to the children who are innocent victims, and it is contrary to our values in this country."
(1/3) This morning, I joined @margbrennan on @CBS's @FaceTheNation to discuss immigration and the Russia investigation. I do not support the Administration's policy that is leading to the separation of children from their parents. pic.twitter.com/dGXZDybWlV
— Sen. Susan Collins (@SenatorCollins) June 17, 2018
Former Trump adviser Anthony Scaramucci said in a weekend interview that the child separation interview could be dangerous for the president, who "should be immediately fixing this problem".
"This is a fuse that has been lit," he said. "The president is going to get hurt by this issue if it stays out there very, very long."
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The signs of splintering of Republican support come after a long-time Trump ally, the Rev Franklin Graham, called the policy "disgraceful".
Numerous religious groups, including some conservative ones, have pushed to stop the practice of separating immigrant children from their parents.
This pressure is coming as White House officials have tried to distance themselves from the policy.
Mr Trump blames Democrats falsely for the situation. The administration put the policy in place and could easily end it after it led to a spike in cases of split and distraught families.
"Nobody likes" breaking up families and "seeing babies ripped from their mothers' arms", said presidential counsellor Kellyanne Conway.
Nearly 2,000 children were separated from their families over a six-week period in April and May after attorney general Jeff Sessions announced a new "zero-tolerance" policy that refers all cases of illegal entry for criminal prosecution.
US protocol prohibits detaining children with their parents because the children are not charged with a crime and the parents are.
Mr Trump plans to meet House Republicans on Tuesday to discuss pending immigration legislation amid an election-season debate over one of his favourite issues.
The House is expected to vote this week on a bill pushed by conservatives that may not have enough support to pass, and a compromise measure with key proposals supported by the president. The White House has said Mr Trump would sign either of those.
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Breaking Donald Trump says he won't let U.S. become 'migrant camp'
Lisa Lambert and Makini Brice Donald Trump has said he will not allow the United States to become a "migrant camp", as his administration faces a barrage of criticism for separating immigrant children from their parents at the U.S.-…
Breaking At least four injured in shooting in southern Sweden – reports
Independent.ie Newsdesk Swedish police said there was no cause for the public to be alarmed after several people were shot in Malmo in southern Sweden, news agency TT reported.
First ladies past and present voice concerns over separation policy
By Associated Press Reporters Former first lady Michelle Obama has adding her voice to the rising chorus of criticism of the Trump administration's policy of family separation at the US border.


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Erectile Dysfunction Channel
Topics & Medications
Related Channels
Were you looking for information about DHEA? DHEAs is a common misspelling of DHEA.
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a hormone that is available as an over-the-counter dietary supplement. It is used for various age-related conditions and is commonly used to increase sexual desire and function. However, it is important to know that there are many claims for DHEA that are completely unsubstantiated or greatly exaggerated. You should talk to your healthcare provider before using this supplement if you have cancer (or a history of cancer), diabetes, high cholesterol, or liver disease.
(Click DHEA for more information about this supplement, including what else it is used for, how effective it is, and what side effects may occur with treatment. You can also click on the various links in the box to the right to access specific topics on DHEA.)
Written by/reviewed by: Kristi Monson, PharmD; Arthur Schoenstadt, MD
Last reviewed by: Kristi Monson, PharmD


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Revelations: The Demon Slayer
Books: GAME BOY Secret Codes - Secret Codes 2003 - Game Boy Games SecretsLast Updated: 7/1/00. Secret characters Tips for level ups and Charms Three new monsters
Secret charactersSent in by Brent at The Unofficial World of Nintendo!!! To get the monster Vaerial go to the Zord Nest and at the end Vaerial will be standing. He will say he just woke up then join your party.
Sent in by Nesshelper After Triton leaves the Cave of Orthrus, talk to Orthrus, and he'll join you. In the Cave of Cerbero, talk to Cerbero. I think if you don't have Orthrus, he'll battle you, and if you win, he joins you, and if you have Orthrus, he'll join you. Talk to the monster at the southern part of the western half of Nova with Orthrus and Cerbero, and you will have Solion.
Tips for level ups and CharmsSent in by Nesshelper When you level up, I recommend that you raise endurance each level up, until you can no longer increase endurance (it should be at 40), then increase speed until you can no longer raise it, then increase intelligence until you can't raise it anymore, then increase strength or luck. I think there's a level 161 where your attributes are maxed out. (Each attribute requires 32 level ups to max out, and there are 5 attributes.) If there is, don't use charms on your characters, because they wouldn't need them. Instead, use them on monsters, as long as your monsters are Dragon (unzombied), Kirin (unzombied), Amon (unzombied), Solion, Lucifer, Baal, Variel, Micael, Odin, and Asura, then use a Earth Charm on the monster with the lowest endurance level, until you don't have anymore Earth Charms. Same with Water Charms for intelligence, Light Charms for strength, and Wind Charms for speed.
Three new monstersSent in by Nick Hansen at The Unofficial World of Nintendo!!! After beating the game, you can find three new monsters: Michael (Hepa) Go to nova and talk to the sage and Micheal will going your party. Baal Enter Mt. Palo and go to where Devil was and talk to the monster and Baal will join your party. Lucifer Go to the cave of oasis and talk to the monster in front of the platform and Lucifer will join your party.
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On Apple OS X, there is ATSUI1. On Windows, there is Uniscribe2. End of story! But on Linux, it is quite a different story! On Linux, there are: (1) Owen Taylor's Pango library, (2) Eric Mader's Layout Engine in IBM's International Components for Unicode (ICU), (3) Trolltech's QT toolkit, and (4) Japan's National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology's (AIST) "m17n" multilingual layout library. In addition to these four, there are also (5) India's TDIL Indix project3, (6) SIL International's Graphite4 project, and, finally, (7) the still vaporous FreeType Layout5 project.
The Complex Text Layout landscape in Linux is ... complex! Different software can exhibit differing levels of support for CTL scripts like Arabic or Kannada. Some scripts, like Burmese and Khmer, are currently hardly supported at all in the majority of software on Linux today. The situation is confusing if you are a software developer or provider. It is even more confusing if you are an end-user of Linux trying to fathom why, for example, Kannada is rendered correctly in a Gnome program, but shows rendering artifacts in OpenOffice even when using the very same OpenType font in both software packages.
In this talk, we focus on the top four projects listed above. We could use many different metrics to compare these projects. For example, developers might want to know whether the software is written in C or in C++. It would also be helpful to know whether the documentation is good or poor. However, the most important metric in my mind is simply how many different CTL scripts does the layout engine actually support? In addition to introducing these four projects, I will be presenting which CTL scripts are currently supported, or will soon be supported, in these libraries.
1. Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging,
. 2. Uniscribe,
. 3. Indix,
4. SIL Graphite,
. 5. FreeType Layout,