text:
Pennsylvania Hospital Insurance Co. (Phico) and The Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania Medical Professional Liability Catastrophe Loss Fund (CAT
FUND), Defendants/ Appellees
United States Healthcare System of Pennsylvania, Inc.,
Additional Defendant/ Appellant
No. 98 E. D. Appeal Docket 1996
Remand from the United States Supreme Court
MR. JUSTICE CAPPY DECIDED: April 3, 2001
Based on the principles the United States Supreme Court articulated in New York State Conference of Blue Cross & Blue Shield Plans v. Travelers Ins. Co., 514 U. S. 645 (1995), we issued an opinion in the instant case on December 23, 1998, holding that the state law medical negligence claims asserted against third-party defendant United States Healthcare Systems of Pennsylvania, Inc. (" U. S. Healthcare") are not preempted by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"), 29 U. S. C. 1001 et seq. Pappas v. Absel, 724 A. 2d 889 (Pa. 1998) (" Pappas I"). Accordingly, we affirmed the Superior Court's order, reversing the trial court's entry of summary judgment in U. S. Healthcare's favor. Id. at 894. FNA
On June 19, 2000, the Supreme Court entered an order
granting certiorari in Pappas I, vacating the judgment of this court, and remanding the case
for our further consideration in light of Pegram v. Hendrich, __ U. S.__, 120 S. Ct. 2143
For all the reasons that follow, we adhere to our original opinion and order. The facts and procedural history, as set forth in Pappas I, bear repeating.
At 11: 00 a. m. on May 21, 1991, Basile Pappas (" Pappas") was admitted to Haverford Community
Hospital (" Haverford") through its emergency room
complaining of paralysis and numbness in his extremities.
At the time of his admission, Pappas was an insured of HMO-PA, a health maintenance
organization operated by U. S. Healthcare.
Dr. Stephen Dickter, the emergency room physician, concluded that
Pappas was suffering from an epidural abscess which was pressing on Pappas' spinal column.
Dr. Dickter consulted with a neurologist and a neurosurgeon;
the physicians concurred that Pappas' condition constituted a neurological emergency.
Given the circumstances, Dr. Dickter felt that it
was in Pappas' best interests to receive treatment at a university hospital.
Dr. Dickter made arrangements to transfer Pappas to Jefferson
University Hospital (" Jefferson") for further treatment.
At approximately 12:40 p.m. when the ambulance arrived, Dr. Dickter was alerted to the fact
that U. S. Healthcare was denying authorization for treatment at Jefferson.
Ten minutes later, Dr. Dickter contacted U. S. Healthcare to obtain authorization
for the transfer to Jefferson. At 1:[05] p.m., U. S. Healthcare responded to Dr. Dickter's
inquiry and advised him that authorization for treatment at Jefferson
was still being denied, but that Pappas could be transferred to either Hahnemann University
("Hahnemann"), Temple University or Medical College of Pennsylvania ("MCP").
Dr. Dickter immediately contacted Hahnemann. That facility advised
Haverford at approximately 2:20 p.m. that it would not have information on its ability to
receive Pappas for at least another half hour.
MCP was then reached and within minutes it agreed to accept Pappas;
Pappas was ultimately transported there at 3:30 p.m.
Pappas now suffers from permanent quadriplegia resulting from compression of his spine by the abscess.
Pappas and his wife filed suit against Dr. David Asbel, his primary care physician, and Haverford. They claimed that Dr. Asbel had committed medical malpractice and that Haverford was negligent in causing an inordinate delay in transferring him to a facility equipped and immediately available to handle his neurological emergency.
Haverford then filed a third party complaint against U. S. Healthcare, joining it as a party defendant for its refusal to authorize the transfer of Pappas to a hospital selected by the Haverford physicians.
Dr. Asbel also filed a cross-claim against U. S. Healthcare seeking contribution and indemnity.
U.S. Healthcare filed a motion for summary judgment on all of the third party claims, alleging that the third party claims are preempted by §1144(a) of ERISA. FN1
The trial court granted the motion. FN2
The Superior Court on appeal, however, determined that ERISA did not preempt the state law claims.
This court subsequently granted U.S. Healthcare's Petition for Allowance of Appeal in order to determine whether these third party claims fall within the scope of those state actions which are preempted by ERISA.
Our legal analysis in Pappas I began with a review of the basic principles of preemption law. We noted that the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution, U.S. Const., art. VI, cl. 2, gives the United States Congress the power to preempt state law, and observed that in determining whether state law is preempted by federal law, we were to assume that the historic powers of the states are not superceded unless preemption is the "clear and manifest purpose " of Congress. Id. at 891 (quoting Cippolone v. Liggett Group, 505 U. S. 504, 516 (1992)) (citations omitted).
Turning to the express preemption section of ERISA, which states that "the provisions of this subchapter … shall supercede any and all State laws insofar as they may now or hereafter relate to any employee benefit plan….", 29 U.S.C. §1144(a), we recognized that in the 1980's and early 1990's, the Supreme Court had given ERISA preemption a notably expansive scope based on the plain language of this section. Pappas I, 724 A. 2d at 891-92.
With its 1995 decision in Travelers, however, we determined that the Court had signaled a change in course, instructing the courts to look to the objectives of ERISA, and not solely to the bare, "unhelpful" text of the statute, for guidance in deciding questions of preemption. Id. at 892, (quoting Travelers, 514 U. S. at 656). We deemed it significant that the Court determined that the "basic thrust of the preemption provision… was to avoid a multiplicity of regulation in order to permit the nationally uniform administration of employee benefit plans"; that it recognized fairly significant bounds on preemption when it stated that "[p] re-emption does not occur… if the state law has only a tenuous, remote, or peripheral connection with covered plans, as in the cases with many laws of general applicability"; and that it cautioned that "nothing in the language of [ERISA] or in the context of its passage indicates that Congress chose to displace general health care regulation, which historically has been a matter of local concern." Id. at 892 (quoting Travelers, 514 U. S. at 706, 708-709).
Applying Travelers and its progeny, California Division of Labor Standards Enforcement v. Dillingham Construction NA., Inc., 519 U. S. 316 (1997) and De Buono v. NYSA-ILA Medical and Clinical Services Fund, 520 U. S. 806 (1997), to the case sub judice, we determined that the negligence claims in plaintiffs' complaint, which Haverford incorporated by reference against U.S. Healthcare in its third party complaint, are not preempted. Pappas I, 724 A. 2d at 894. FN2A
We found that they do not "relate to" an ERISA plan within the meaning of 29 U. S. C. §1144(a), and that local negligence laws, like many laws of general applicability, are only remotely connected to ERISA plans. Id. at 893, 894.
In view of the Supreme Court's determination that Congress did not intend to preempt state laws aimed at regulating health care, we held it would have been inappropriate to conclude that Haverford's claims, in which the issue of U.S. Healthcare's allegedly dilatory delivery of contractually-guaranteed medical benefits were intertwined with the question of safe medical care, are preempted by ERISA. Id. at 893. FN3
We now turn, as instructed by the Supreme Court, to a reconsideration of our decision in Pappas I in light of Pegram. We start with a somewhat detailed rendition of Pegram's facts, as they are critical to our present task. The case arose out of a lawsuit brought by Cynthia Herdrich against her treating physician, Dr. Lori Pegram, and the health maintenance organization ("HMO") that Dr. Pegram and her partners owned and operated. The HMO had contracted with the company that employed Herdrich's husband to provide pre-paid medical services to its employees and their respective families. Dr. Pegram examined Herdrich for pain in the midline area of her groin, and discovered an inflamed mass in her abdomen. Dr. Pegram did not order an immediate ultrasound at the local hospital, but decided to wait some eight days for an ultrasound at a facility staffed by HMO physicians. Before the ultrasound could be performed, Herdrich's appendix ruptured, causing peritonitis.
Herdrich sued Dr. Pegram and the HMO in state court for medical malpractice, and
later added two counts of state law fraud. Asserting that the fraud counts were preempted
by ERISA, Pegram and the HMO removed the case to federal district court, and moved for
summary judgment. The district court granted the defendants summary judgment on the
first count, but granted Herdrich leave to amend the second. She did, alleging that the
provision of medical services under the terms of the HMO, which rewarded its physician
owners for limiting medical care, amounted to an inherent or anticipatory breach of ERISA's
fiduciary duties as set forth in 29 U.S.C. §1109( a), to make decisions with the exclusive
interest of plan participants in mind. The HMO moved to dismiss the ERISA count for
failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted.
Finding that the HMO was not involved in the events at hand as an ERISA fiduciary, the district court sustained the motion.
The Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed.
The Supreme Court granted certiorari to determine whether treatment decisions made by an HMO, acting through its physicians, are fiduciary acts within the meaning of ERISA. The Court held that they are not. Pegram, __ U. S.__, 120 S. Ct. at 2146.
In the course of doing so, the Court set forth two guiding principles.
First, HMO physicians occupy dual roles. They act like plan administrators when they determine, for example, whether a participant's condition is covered, and as health care providers, when they decide upon the medical treatment a participant will receive. Id. at 2153-54.
Second, HMO physicians make three types of decisions.
"[P]ure 'eligibility decisions' turn on the plan's coverage of a particular condition or medical procedure for its treatment," id. at 2154, such as "whether a plan covers an undisputed case of appendicitis." Id. at 2155.
"'Treatment decisions, ' by contrast, are choices about how to go about diagnosing and treating a patient's condition: given a patient's constellation of symptoms, what is the appropriate medical response?" Id. at 2154.
"Mixed eligibility and treatment decisions" are just what their name implies--decisions in which coverage and medical judgment are intertwined. Id. at 2154-55.
In this regard, the Court explained:
[A] great many and possibly most coverage questions are not simple yes-or-no questions, like whether appendicitis is a covered condition (when there is no dispute that a patient has appendicitis), or whether acupuncture is a covered procedure for pain relief (when the claim of pain is unchallenged). The more common coverage question is a when-and-how question. Although coverage for many conditions will be clear and various treatment options will be indisputably compensable, physicians still must decide what to do in particular cases…. In practical terms, these eligibility decisions cannot be untangled from physicians' judgments about reasonable medical treatment….
Id. at 2154.
To illustrate the wide array of decisions that are of the mixed type, the Court noted the decisions mentioned in Herdrich's complaint: "physician's conclusions about when to use diagnostic tests; about seeking consultations and making referrals to physicians and facilities other than [the HMO's]; about proper standards of care, the experimental nature of a proposed course of treatment, the reasonableness of a certain treatment and the emergency character of a medical condition." Id. at 2155.
Turning to the case at hand, the Court found that the HMO, through Dr. Pegram, made a mixed decision, "decid[ing] (wrongly, as it turned out) that Herdrich's condition did not warrant immediate action; the consequence of that medical determination was that [the HMO] would not cover immediate care, whereas it would have done so if Dr. Pegram had made the proper diagnosis and judgment to treat." Id. at 2154.
The Court then held that Congress did not intend that any HMO be treated as an ERISA fiduciary to the extent that it makes mixed eligibility and treatment decisions acting through its physicians. Id. at 2155. FN4
Observing that under the common law of trusts, which is the source of ERISA's fiduciary duties, fiduciary responsibility characteristically attaches to financial decisions about managing assets and property, the Court doubted that Congress would have ever thought of a mixed decision as fiduciary in nature. Id. at 2155-56. Because the defense of any HMO of a mixed decision would be that its physician acted for good medical reasons, the plausibility of which would require reference to traditional standards of reasonable medical practice in like circumstances, the Court was concerned that a decision to view a mixed decision as an act of ERISA fiduciary duty would "federalize malpractice litigation". Id. at 2157-58.
Lastly, the Court touched upon (but declined to resolve) the "puzzling issue of preemption" that would be raised by the imposition of ERISA's fiduciary requirements upon an HMO physician making a pure treatment or mixed decision, in view of its holding in Travelers:
On its face, federal fiduciary law applying a malpractice standard would seem to be a
prescription for preemption of state malpractice law, since the new
ERISA cause of action would cover the same subject of a state-law malpractice claim….
To be sure, [Travelers] throws some cold water in the preemption theory;
there, we held that, in the field of health care, a subject of traditional state regulation,
there is no ERISA preemption without clear manifestation of congressional purpose.
But in that case the convergence of state and federal law was not so clear as in the situation
we are positing;
the state-law standard had not been subsumed by the standard to be applied under ERISA.
We could struggle with this problem, but first it is well to ask,
again, what would be gained by opening the federal courthouse doors to a fiduciary malpractice
Pegram, at 1258 (citations omitted).
While Travelers and Pegram deal with different aspects of ERISA, for our present
purposes, they share common ground.
Travelers instructs that ERISA does not preempt state law that regulates the provision of adequate medical treatment.
Pegram instructs that an HMO's mixed eligibility and treatment decision implicates a state law claim for medical malpractice, not an ERISA cause of action for fiduciary breach.
Thus, if Haverford's third party claim against U. S. Healthcare arose out of a mixed decision, it is, according to Pegram, subject to state medical malpractice law, which is what Haverford asserted.
Moreover, under Travelers, it is not preempted by ERISA.
It follows that we must now determine what the record on summary judgment reveals with regard to the nature of the U.S. Healthcare's decision. We view the record in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, and all doubts as to the existence of a genuine issue of material fact must be resolved against the moving party. Pennsylvania State University v. County of Centre, 615 A. 2d 303, 304 (Pa. 1992). Only where there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and it is clear that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law will summary judgment be entered. Skipworth v. Lead Industries Ass'n, Inc., 690 A. 2d 169, 171 (Pa. 1997).
Our scope of review of a trial court's order granting or denying summary judgment is plenary, O'Donoghue v. Laurel Savings Ass'n, 728 A. 2d 914, 916 (Pa. 1999), and our standard of review is clear: the trial court's order will be reversed only where it is established that the court committed an error of law or abused its discretion. Cochran v. GAF Corp., 666 A. 2d 245, 248 (Pa. 1995).
Having looked again at the record, there are facts that are not disputed, in addition
to those set forth in Pappas I, that are important to our analysis.
Dr. Dickter, the physician
who first saw Pappas in the emergency room of Haverford on May 21, 1991, at about 11:00
a.m., received permission from Jefferson to admit Pappas to its spinal cord trauma center.
Dr. Dickter chose Jefferson because it, unlike other hospitals, had designated space for
spinal trauma cases and was able to determine immediately whether it was in a position
to receive a new patient. When Dr. Dickter learned at 12:40 p.m. from ambulance
personnel that Pappas' transfer to Jefferson was not HMO approved, he telephoned U.S.
Healthcare at 12:50 p.m. and asked that it reconsider its decision. Dr. Dickter spoke to
Elaine Norman, a U.S. Healthcare representative, and told her that Pappas' condition
constituted a neurological emergency that needed immediate attention, and for which he
had made arrangements with Jefferson. Ms. Norman advised Dr. Dickter that she was not
authorized to take action one way or the other, but that she would consult with someone
who was. At 1:05 p.m., Dr. Dickter spoke with Carol DeLark, another U. S. Healthcare
representative. She told him that Dr. Liebowitz, one of U. S. Healthcare's physicians who
had the authority to decide such matters, reviewed Pappas' case; that the referral to
Jefferson, a non-HMO hospital, continued to be denied; and that a referral to the facilities
affiliated with Hahnemann, Temple University or MCP was approved. At about 3:30 p. m.,
through Dr. Dickter's efforts, Pappas was admitted to MCP.
Not surprisingly, U.S. Healthcare argues that its decision about Pappas' referral "constituted a quintessential 'coverage' determination". FN5
We, however, disagree. In our view, the undisputed facts in this case, and the inferences drawn from them, establish the sort of mixed eligibility and treatment decision that Pegram discussed. FN6
Dr. Leibowitz, U. S. Healthcare's physician, reviewed Pappas' case, and rejected another medical doctor's opinion based on his clinical judgment that Pappas needed to be referred to Jefferson for treatment of a medical emergency. Instead of referring Pappas to Jefferson, a non-HMO hospital, as Dr. Dickter recommended, Dr. Leibowitz referred Pappas to one of three other facilities for medical care. He did not, in the Supreme Court's words, only make a "simple yes or no" decision as to whether Pappas' condition was covered; it clearly was. Rather, Dr Leibowitz also determined where and, under the circumstances, when Pappas' epidural abscess would be treated. His was a mixed eligibility and treatment decision, the adverse consequences of which, if any, are properly redressed, as Pegram teaches, through state medical malpractice law. This law as Travelers teaches, is not preempted by ERISA. We conclude, therefore, that our reasoning and result in Pappas I are consistent with the Supreme Court's decision in Pegram. Accordingly, we confirm our original disposition; the order of the Superior Court, reversing the grant of summary judgment to U.S. Healthcare is affirmed. FN7
This matter is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Mr. Justice Saylor files a dissenting opinion.
FNA. Our reasons for finding against ERISA preemption differed from those relied upon by the Superior Court. The Superior Court was of the view that considerations of cost containment that drive HMO decisions did not exist when Congress enacted ERISA. Pappas v. Absel, 675 A. 2d 711, 716 (Pa. Super. 1996). The Superior Court concluded, therefore, that Congress could not have intended to preempt that which it did not know would come into existence. Id. Inasmuch as one year preceding the enactment of the statute, Congress passed the Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973, 42 U.S.C. §300e et seq., we could not agree that HMOs were unforeseen by Congress when it drafted ERISA. Pappas I, 724 A. 2d at 893 n. 6.
FN1. It is uncontested that U. S Healthcare is an "employee benefits plan" pursuant to ERISA, 29 U. S. C. § 1002( 1), and that ERISA therefore applies to this matter.
FN2. Approximately one year after the trial court granted summary judgment in U. S. Healthcare's
favor, Dr. Asbel and Haverford settled the actions brought against them. They have been
substituted in this appeal by their insurers, Pennsylvania Hospital Insurance Co. (" PHICO")
and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Medical Professional Liability Catastrophic Loss Fund
("CAT Fund").
Pappas I, 724 A. 2d at 889-91.
FN2A. Haverford asserted the following allegations from plaintiffs' complaint against U.S.
24. The negligence of [Haverford]… consisted of the following:
a. Failing to transfer the patient to a hospital capable and competent of administering to his acute medical condition in a prompt and timely fashion;
b. Delaying inordinately in transferring the patient, keeping him at [Haverford] during which time his spinal cord compression continued, with resulting permanent damage to the patient's spinal cord. Complaint, para. 24.
FN3. Justice Nigro filed a concurring opinion. In Justice Nigro's view, the facts demonstrated that "U. S. Healthcare's actions constituted, in effect, an individual medical decision or judgment as opposed to a decision affecting the administration of an employee benefit plan." Pappas I, 724 A. 2d at 889. It can fairly be said that Justice. Nigro's approach to the question of ERISA preemption in this case anticipated the Supreme Court's reasoning in Pegram.
FN4. The HMO in Pegram was owned by its physicians. U. S. Healthcare contracts with independent physicians to provide services. Pegram's result was based on the nature of the HMO's decision, not on the structure of the HMO making it. Pegram, __ U. S.__, 120 S.Ct. at 2155. Further, the Supreme Court's holding was all-inclusive as to HMOs. Id. Thus, the difference in organization between the HMO in Pegram and U. S. Healthcare is not relevant to this analysis.
FN5. A number of the statements U. S. Healthcare made when this appeal was originally heard do not reflect its present position that its decision was entirely devoid of medical judgment as to treatment. In its Reply Brief, for example, U. S. Healthcare stated that its "sole involvement in this matter was to answer a physician's question concerning what nearby hospitals were capable of treating the patient's condition." (Reply Brief for Appellant at 2). Later, U. S. Healthcare recited that it "advised Dr. Dicker of three HMO PA participating hospitals in the area--Hahnemann, Temple and MCP--that could provide the same treatment available at Jefferson." (Reply Brief for Appellant at 4).
FN6. We need not remand this matter for further findings. The record is undisputed and clear on the basic facts. Moreover, an appellate court may draw its own inferences from basic facts and arrive at its own conclusions when a finding of fact is simply a deduction from other facts and the ultimate fact in question is purely a result of reasoning. Hutchinson v. Sunbeam Coal Corp., 519 A. 2d 385, 391 n. 6 (Pa. 1986). The question of a decision's type--eligibility, treatment or mixed--is this sort of "ultimate fact", deduced from the basic facts through reasoning.
FN7. With due respect to our learned colleague, we believe the dissent gives our analysis too
broad a reading, and, it would seem, bases its disagreement with our holding on a question
not raised in this appeal.
With regard to our analysis, there is no reason for concern that from this point forward,
conflict preemption issues arising under ERISA will include no more than the
"mere identification of whether a fiduciary act was involved". (Dissenting Opinion at 11).
Our analysis of ERISA preemption in Pappas I was founded on the preemption provision
of the statute, 29 U.S.C. 1144(a), and the Supreme Court's most recent teaching on the matter.
This analysis, of course, continues to apply. It was the Supreme Court's request
that we consider our decision in Pappas I, in light of its decision in Pegram, that
necessitated our finding the conceptual relationship between a claim for breach of ERISA's
fiduciary duties and the assertion that a state law claim for medical malpractice is preempted.
Turning to the main focus of the dissent, we read it as stating that this court should articulate a new and definitive duty or standard of care for HMO physicians making mixed eligibility and treatment decisions, and until that task is completed, issues of ERISA preemption cannot be resolved. Preliminarily, we note that the issue of duty or standard of care is not before us. We granted allocatur to consider U.S. Healthcare's motion for summary judgment, in which it asserted that the third party state law medical malpractice claims brought against it are preemepted by ERISA per se. Whether the element of duty or the standard of care to which U. S. Healthcare should be held when third party plaintiffs attempt to prove their case differs from the duty or standard of care that Pennsylvania law imposes on non-HMO physicians is an issue that may remain for another day.
Moreover, the question the dissent poses conceivably presents a "Catch-22" form of circular reasoning. That is to say, any answer leads to ERISA preemption. On the one hand, according to the dissent, the application of a standard of care to an HMO's mixed eligibility and treatment decision that does not take into account an HMO's way of doing business arguably has more than a "tenuous, remote, or peripheral connection" with a covered plan, Travelers, 514 U.S. at 661, and thus, is preempted. On the other hand, however, if a special standard of care is articulated for evaluating those decisions in which the peculiar pressures of an HMO's rationing decisions are considered, such a rule arguably regulates a plan's administration, and is also preempted. Under either scenario, ERISA invariably preempts a state law claim for medical malpractice arising out of an HMO's mixed eligibility and treatment decision. In our view, Travelers and Pegram do not contemplate such a result.


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The Great Work of God: Rain
I recently was going through some of my old folders and found this article. I have read this many times before and it always reminds me of how awesome God is.
The Great Work of God: Rain
by John Piper
Job 5:8-10
But as for me, I would seek God, And I would place my cause before God; Who does great and unsearchable things, Wonders without number. He gives rain on the earth, And sends water on the fields. Job 5:8-10
If you said to someone: "My God does great and unsearchable things; he does wonders without number," and they responded, "Really? Like what?" would you say, "Like rain"?
When I read these verses from Job recently, I felt, at first, the way I did on hearing some bad poetry that went something like this: "Let me suffer, let me die, just to win your hand; let me even climb a hill, or walk across the land." Even? I would suffer and die to have your hand, and even walk across the land? As if walking across the land were more sacrificial than dying? This sounded to me like a joke.
But Job is not joking. "God does great and unsearchable things, wonders without number. He gives rain on the earth." In Job's mind rain really is one of the great, unsearchable wonders that God does. So when I read this a few weeks ago, I resolved not to treat it as meaningless pop musical lyrics. I decided to have a conversation with myself (which is what I mean by meditation).
Is rain a great and unsearchable wonder wrought by God? Picture yourself as a farmer in the Near East, far from any lake or stream. A few wells keep the family and animals supplied with water. But if the crops are to grow and the family is to be fed from month to month, water has to come from another source on the fields. From where?
Well, the sky. The sky? Water will come out of the clear blue sky? Well, not exactly. Water will have to be carried in the sky from the Mediterranean Sea over several hundred miles, and then be poured out on the fields from the sky. Carried? How much does it weigh? Well, if one inch of rain falls on one square mile of farmland during the night, that would be 27,878,400 cubic feet of water, which is 206,300,160 gallons, which is 1,650,501,280 pounds of water.
That's heavy. So how does it get up in the sky and stay up there if it's so heavy? Well, it gets up there by evaporation. Really? That's a nice word. What's it mean? It means that the water stops being water for a while so it can go up and not down. I see. Then how does it get down? Well, condensation happens. What's that? The water starts becoming water again by gathering around little dust particles between .00001 and .0001 centimeters wide. That's small.
What about the salt? Salt? Yes, the Mediterranean Sea is salt water. That would kill the crops. What about the salt? Well, the salt has to be taken out. Oh. So the sky picks up a billion pounds of water from the sea, takes out the salt, carries the water (or whatever it is, when it is not water) for three hundred miles, and then dumps it (now turned into water again) on the farm?
Well, it doesn't dump it. If it dumped a billion pounds of water on the farm, the wheat would be crushed. So the sky dribbles the billion pounds of water down in little drops. And they have to be big enough to fall for one mile or so without evaporating, and small enough to keep from crushing the wheat stalks.
How do all these microscopic specks of water that weigh a billion pounds get heavy enough to fall (if that's the way to ask the question)? Well, it's called coalescence. What's that? It means the specks of water start bumping into each other and join up and get bigger, and when they are big enough, they fall. Just like that? Well, not exactly, because they would just bounce off each other instead of joining up if there were no electric field present. What? Never mind. Take my word for it.
I think, instead, I will just take Job's word for it. I still don't see why drops ever get to the ground, because if they start falling as soon as they are heavier than air, they would be too small not to evaporate on the way down. But if they wait to come down, what holds them up till they are big enough not to evaporate? Yes, I am sure there's a name for that too. But I am satisfied for now that, by any name, this is a great and unsearchable thing that God has done. I think I should be thankful–lots more thankful than I am.

subset: commoncrawl


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Class Actions
Through our partnership with Girard Gibbs, a leader in class action suits in the United States, Lazareff Le Bars has developed specialized expertise in the area of class actions. Although new to French law, we are able to draw on the decades of experience of other jurisdictions where such procedural means are used, to help clients define their strategic approach to the disputes they are confronted with, while allowing them to apprehend risks of potential class actions, by deploying organizational solutions that are adapted to large-scale litigation.
We assist groups and businesses in implementing strategies for litigation, but also in the analysis of their internal organization. In particular, we put in place solutions to avoid and mitigate risk of litigation, and help structure the legal department's role within the organization, to best anticipate this new breed of collective risk.
Benoit Le Bars is the author of an award-winning thesis on shareholder and investor protection associations ("Associations de défense d'actionnaires et d'investisseurs") which already addressed such methods of class action in France and abroad, before the 2014 reform was adopted. He appeared as an expert before the parliamentary working group that was at the origin of the adoption of class action mechanisms in France.
FOCUS : Law of the 1st october 2014
Since 1st October 2014, France has introduced specific legislation for class actions.
Restricted to consumer associations initiating claims against companies in consumer-related disputes, this new procedural path is now part of the competition and business litigation landscape.


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LISTEN: New Radiohead!
Luke Turner
, May 3rd, 2016 15:10
This weekend, as you'll no doubt know, Radiohead deleted their internet history, website &c. Given that the group were early adopters when it came to online, with a website of interminable 'squiggles squiggle paranoid Naomi Klein' in the late 90s, this perhaps suggested a change of mood from the group. AND LO! Today on their YouTube (which wasn't deleted) the band unveiled a new song, 'Burn The Witch', a fairly conventional-sounding affair, accompanied by a video that resurrects the characters and settings from brilliant old kids TV animation Camberwick Green and puts them through a Wicker Man narrative. You can watch it below:
If you love our features, news and reviews, please support what we do with a one-off or regular donation. Year-on-year, our corporate advertising is down by around 90% - a figure that threatens to sink The Quietus. Hit this link to find out more and keep on Black Sky Thinking.


text:
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Originating as the Flexible Advanced System Techniques (FAST) project, FAST/TOOLS today is a comprehensive, fully-integrated SCADA application suite. Powerful and flexible, FAST/TOOLS serves installations ranging from 50-point unit processes to multimillion-point offshore production and pipeline systems that extend over thousands of miles.
The ProSafe-RS is a Safety Instrumented System that is certified by the German certification organization (TÜV) to meet Safety Integrity Level (SIL) 3 specified in IEC 61508. It has been used in over 2,400 projects, ranging from large scale integrated process automation projects to stand-alone solutions.
ProSafe-SLS is a Solid-state controller providing inherently failsafe performance and 10ms response. It is solution for high integrity safety requirements and used in subsea as well as onshore pipeline protection systems. It is proven to be the most reliable solution for rugged environments.
Our distributed control system (DCS) enables automation and control of industrial processes and enhanced business performance. Over 10,000 plants entrust Yokogawa DCS to deliver their production goals.
From process plants to remote locations, our process control PLC and Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) help users maximize operational excellence.
Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) protect people, environment and assets. Yokogawa's SIS and relevant safety solutions are widely used in applications of Emergency shutdown, Fire & gas, Burner management and HIPPS.
Our IoT-enabled Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system optimizes automation and monitoring throughout the entire enterprise.
Contact a Yokogawa Expert to learn how we can help you solve your challenges.


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Australian MSP and systems integrator Advent One is delivering a new managed cloud environment and has chosen Brocade's (News - Alert) switch/router networking solutions for its core. The service provider is using the Brocade MLXe-16 switch/router to create a carrier-grade IP network for managing SaaS (News - Alert) offerings and a variety of applications.
Advent One is now offering virtual private networking, IP telephony and virtual desktops through its managed cloud portfolio. The MLXe-16 is a key component of the offerings, helping the MSP to achieve greater virtualization, meet bandwidth demands and use less infrastructure and resources to offer services. That boils down to reduced costs and simplified operations as well as overall network efficiency and high levels of performance.
The MSP also plans to use network virtualization, including SDN control, through Brocade's platform as demand for its services increases. Those components support agility throughout the network to enable specialized service delivery to a variety of customers.
"We needed to architect a network that could scale for the mid to large enterprise customer, as well as deliver any mix of cloud environment that the customer required," said Graeme Clark, managing director of Advent One. "This was an entirely new network build, and it was very clear that we needed a carrier-grade switch that could meet our total-cost-of-ownership requirements. The core switch is the most important piece of network infrastructure so it has to be robust, with a high level of system redundancy."
According to Clark, the company's mid-sized customers are under increasing pressure to keep their headcounts, resources and costs down. Being able to offload day-to-day IT infrastructure provisioning and workloads to the cloud is a huge benefit to customers, and Advent One is also offering expert consultants with their cloud offerings.
Additional managed offerings from Advent One include disaster recovery, backup, monitoring and infrastructures services, PBX (News - Alert) solution, storage and SaaS.
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"I go back to the reading room, where I sink down in the sofa and into the world of The Arabian Nights. Slowly, like a movie fadeout, the real world evaporates. I'm alone, inside the world of the story.My favourite feeling in the world."
― Haruki Murakami, Kafka on the Shore
Parents are often uneasy partners with schools, complicit in the failure of their child to develop reading skills, or to make apropriate progress. Despite the anguish and despair, many parents could do far more, quite easily and simply, at negligible or no cost, to support their child's reading progress, with a little thought and analysis of what is currently the status quo with regards books and access to reading material at home.
I have often found SEN review meetings with parents to be somewhat tortuous, with protestations by the parent that the child can achieve certain skills when at home, and the school making equal protestation that those skills are not in evidence in the classroom. Many high horses are climbed at such times, yet I suspect the truth lies in some grey, muddied area along the continuum of skills that are just emerging, and may be evidenced in certain contexts, to skills that are consistent and evident across a range of contexts.
Just like self-confidence, which may be packaged up and good to go in certain contexts, so reading skills can be context specific – more secure in some settings than others.
So, what can parents practically do that influence the chances of their child achieving success in reading, and breaking through barriers to literacy?
I could write endlessly here, so will confine myself to a number of pointers, and will continue this theme in future blog posts.
To influence a child's chance of success in reading, parents can consider –
- How reading friendly is the home? What books, magazines, newspapers, leaflets, or other reading material are visible in each room of the house?
- How much time do the adults in the home spend actively reading – whether on screen or on paper, books or kindles? Provided that the child is able to determine that the adult's activity is reading, it does not matter what medium is in use.
- What time is allocated on a daily and weekly basis to reading to and with children? Is this a matter of minutes, or can this be counted in hours?
- Has each child got easy access to books or other reading material? Comics, magazines, fact sheets, information packs from days out, quizzes and information and speical offers on the back of cereal boxes all count as reading material
- Are stories and children's rhymes and songs a feature of home life? Consider children's nursery songs and think what stories lie behind each song, many of which can be found in print also.
- Is reading encouraged, in and away from the home? Reading road signs on the way to school, reading menus in cafes and restaurants, reading shop window notices, leaflets and posters about clubs and sports and local events, all foster an interest in reading and help children who struggle to read, see the purpose of reading skills.
- Is reading a spoken, shared activity at times, or is it always a quiet, private activity? Children can be compliant and agree to read a page of their school reader before bed each evening, but if no one hears that reading, what chance of ensuring progress or success?
- Do the adults in the house have their own collection of favourite reads, or spend time reading for pleasure during each day or week? The value of a reading household cannot be under-estimated in inspiring young people to want to read, and to persevere, even when difficulties are encountered.
- Is there a rewards system in place for rewarding a child's progress, however slow and uncertain that may be, thorugh the school's reading scheme? Marking progress through sticker charts and with special treats can be a means to keeping flagging enthusiasm alive, and help a parent notice dips in progress, sometimes before that dip is picked up by the school.
- Are books or comics or magazines bought regularly for the child, and is time spent browsing book shops? There are a host of discount book stores, traditional book shops and stationers in each high street that choice is never an issue, even where finance might be a constraint. Did you know that a child's paperback book in a discount book store (The Works for e.g.) may cost no more than a packet of Haribo sweets.
If, as a parent, you are facing yet another fraught and emotionally charged SEN review meeting in school, or despairing your child's lack of progress and interest in books, do consider not just what your child's school can do to make a difference, but what you can do also that multiplies the potential for success?
Two books that were a permanent bedside feature from my son's childhood and remained firm favourites for many years, are Eric Kincaid's Riverbank Tales, which my son would wish to have read incessantly. A second, much shorter but wonderfully rhythmic story, Ten in the Bed, amused my son greatly. There is a pleasure to be gained in reading to a child – a pleasure that is infinitely rewarding and soothing, at the day's end.
The more you read the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you will go.
Dr Seuss. 'I can read with my eyes shut!'


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Australia Post - Update to Signature on Delivery
On the 2nd of April 2017, Australia Post will update its Signature on Delivery options.
This description is taken from the Australia Post communication:
"From 2 April 2017 we'll be making some changes to the signature service in Parcel Post and Express Post. One of the current options that requires a signature on delivery (unless the receiver chooses otherwise) will now default to signature with authority to leave. We will still capture a signature whenever your customer is home. If not, then customers of freestanding residences who have a safe place to leave the parcel will have their parcel delivered and a picture will be taken of where we have left it. This will be made available to you via auspost.com.au/MerchantTrack* ."
To reflect these changes we will be making the following changes:
1. Signature Required will be removed as an option.
2. Safe Drop will be added as an option and this will be on by default.
Note: Authority to Leave will remain unchanged.
ACTION: Australia Post have asked the Safe Drop be enabled by default, if you want to turn Safe Drop off and enforce a signature, then please update this option under Settings > Australia Post > Safe Drop (see screen shot below). Otherwise no action is required.
Here is how this new options will work (again this is taken from the Australia Post communication):
Find here the document from Australia Post. Here
If you have any questions please contact our support via email firstname.lastname@example.com and we will make sure that your account is set-up correctly.


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Developer Nancy Greenberg and city officials broke ground Wednesday on a new 42-unit apartment complex at 703 Whitney Ave., the former local headquarters of the American Red Cross.
Construction is underway on a 37,000-square-foot building facing Whitney Avenue on a spot once home to a parking lot. The four-story modernist structure designed by GLUCK+ Architects will house 35 apartments with a common area on the roof. EIghteen of the apartments will be two-bedroom units, with 23 one-bedrooms and one caretaker unit.
Seven units will be built inside the original 1902 house on the site with one- and two-bedroom layouts with private yards and fireplaces in some units.
Greenberg bought the 1.3-acre property for $1.6 million in 2016 and was awarded approval from the New Haven Planning & Zoning Commission in April 2017 to go ahead with construction of the market-rate apartments.
The original structure on the site was built in 1902 and used by the Red Cross for 50 years. A carriage house also stands on the rear of the property and will be incorporated into the new development for use as meeting space, a fitness center, small offices and storage space.
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Dziś jest 23.04.2019 12:54 Imieniny: Wojciecha, Jerzego
About the Commune
Geographical locationThe area of the Gorzyce Commune is a part of Rybnik-Wodzisław land (its south-western territory), located on the edge of Silesian Upland and the Odra River Valley. The southern border of Rybnik-Wodzisław land is defined by: to the Olza River from Piotrówek, which is also a state border with the Czech Republic, to south-west and west – the Odra River Valley, while to north-east and east the land borders with Oświęcimska Valley.
The Commune of Gorzyce is located on a plain (the Odra river plain) and gently hilly area (Silesian Upland), formed from glacial deposits of basal moraine and the remains of end moraine. The average height above the sea level is ca 260-280 m. The area gently slopes towards the north and north-east, while it is steep (over 100m difference in levels) to the south – towards the Odra River Valley.
The Commune of Gorzyce is a very interesting area with respect to the sights – from here stretches the view of the Silesian Beskid, Moravian Gate and the Odra River Valley. The landscape is even more interesting thanks to such places as Rogów or Turza. From the point of view of scenic values special attention should be paid to: the Odra River Valley (recreation centres were established at its flood waters), the Olza River, lakes with causeways surrounded by green areas as well as forests. Beside natural surface features there are anthropogenic forms such as small lakes formed after gravel workings – however, they do not have a positive influence on the landscape.
The main rivers which drain the Rybnik-Wodzisław Region are: the Odra River, the Olza, the Piotrówka, the Lesznica and the Szotkówka as well as the Ruda River with Nacyna and Bierawka. The area of Gorzyce Commune is covered by a big water network. Along its southern border flows the Olza River, along the western border – the Odra River, and the Lesznica River goes through Turza. The whole area is intersected by numerous torrents. Moreover, there many natural and anthropogenic lakes, often separated with causeways.
The thick water network is the cause of frequent floods.
The area of Gorzyce Commune is covered with forests, the biggest cluster of which may be found in the middle part of the commune between Rogów and Czyżowice.
The Commune of Gorzyce is the only commune within Rybnik Coal Area the territory of which is not affected by mining damage and is not degraded due to the presence of dumping grounds or mine tips.
The Commune of Gorzyce has a convenient location in relation to big centres – Wodzisław Śląski, Rybnik, Racibórz, Jastrzębie Zdrój, as well as Silesian agglomeration towns. The well developed network of local roads is based on the historical road system. A railway route – Katowice-Chałupki-Bohumin goes through the commune territory.
Fhoto 2, 4, 5 Grzegorz Chlebik
/on the basis of: "Study of the conditions and directions of spatial development of the Gorzyce Commune, volume 1, Gorzyce, September 2004/
Urząd Gminy w Gorzycach
ul. Kościelna 15
44-350 Gorzyce
Tel./fax: (32) 45 13 056
e-mail: email@example.com
Godziny urzędowania:
Pn: 7.30-17.00,
Wt-Cz: 7.30-15.30,
Pt: 7:30-14:00
Zobacz numery telefonów Urzędu Gminy
ul. Kościelna 15
44-350 Gorzyce
Tel./fax: (32) 45 13 056
e-mail: email@example.com
Godziny urzędowania:
Pn: 7.30-17.00,
Wt-Cz: 7.30-15.30,
Pt: 7:30-14:00
Zobacz numery telefonów Urzędu Gminy


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Dorian Karthauser, DFW Business Websites
Digital Marketing, Branding, Content Marketing, SEO, WordPress Websites, Public Speaking
Digital Marketing – Growing and Developing Businesses
Web Designer and Developer: WordPress Websites
Content Marketing and Branding: SEO Copywriting, Content Marketing
SEO: Search Engine Optimization for Best Search Ranking
Local Search Marketing (SEM): Organic Marketing, fastest way for new websites to rank high in Search
Public Speaker: Engaging, Inspirational, Humorous
'I make the complex: Very Simple, Effective – and Fun!'
DFW Business Websites
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX
Dorian Karthauser is the owner of DFW Business Websites in Dallas-Fort Worth.
Dorian had over 20 years extremely successful experience in sales and marketing before beginning to design websites and implement digital marketing. With experience in B2B (business to business) marketing – her sales experience includes small business sales, corporate sales, retail sales, B2B sales, territory building, branding, cold-calling, and phone sales.
Dorian has been creating websites for business since 2001. As a small business owner and marketing expert – Dorian knows first-hand what it takes to get customers 'through the front door' and BUYING. She applies sales knowledge to internet marketing and website design and development.
Collin College Instructor – Internet Marketing Program
For three years, Dorian Karthauser was an instructor in the Internet Marketing Program at Collin College, Courtyard Campus, Plano. At Collin College, she taught Creating WordPress Websites, Search Engine Optimization for Small Business, Social Media Marketing and Internet Marketing.
Dorian also has a background in art, color and design which she implements successfully in website and graphics design.
From Dorian: "The correct use of color and design are critical to the success of a website. Color and design may seem to be only subtle details. In my experience: Best use of color in website design, user-friendly website design, logical website navigation and 'flow' in the web design, and expert marketing content copywriting – as well as calls to action and other marketing elements – are the key factors that determine whether a website will be a dynamic SELLING engine. I use all those factors – and more – in each website I design and develop."
Dorian's 2018 Advice to Business Owners:
Business of any size MUST have Social Media!
» In 2010, Facebook Brand Pages and Twitter were still a 'novelty' to some businesses.
» In June 2012, Google Places became Google+ Brand Page. Google has now eliminated the old Google Places pages. The Google+ Local Business page [a part of your Google+ Business Profile] replaces Google Places listings.
» In 2018 – your business needs a Google Business Page as the basis for being found in Search!
In 2018 – Business needs Social Media for three basic reasons: SEO.
Google now indexes social media presence and activity –
and it is used as a search engine ranking factor.
Google Now Uses Semantic Search – Search is More Than Just Keywords
Contact Dorian Karthauser for creation of your Custom Search Engine Optimized Google+ Brand Page Profile.
Business Websites: WordPress Website Design and Development, Blog Design and Development
Search Engine Optimization: SEO, Social Media Marketing, Local Search Engine Marketing,
Internet (Inbound) Marketing: Branding, Content Marketing, Content Copywriting, Marketing Strategy, Business Development.
Consulting: Internet Marketing, WordPress, Web Design, User Experience, Social Media, Small Business Development
Dorian Karthauser Websites and Internet Presence:
- DFW Business Websites
- My Pandamonium Marketing-SEO
- My Pandamonium on Facebook
- My Pandamonium on Google+
- Dorian Karthauser Blog
- My Pandamonium on Slideshare – Presentations on SEO, Social Media, Web Design and More
- My Pandamonium Marketing-SEO Company Profile on LinkedIn
- My Pandamonium on Pinterest
- Dorian Karthauser LinkedIn
- Dorian Karthauser
- Dorian Karthauser
- Dorian Karthauser
Interests and Activities:
Marketing, Digital Marketing, WordPress, Web Design, Web Development, New Media, Technology, Sales, SEO, Open Source, Professional Writing, Personal Development and Motivation, SciFi and Fantasy Fan, Amateur Photographer, Avid Traveler, Philosopher and Drinker of Coffee. Lots of coffee.
Contact Dorian at 469-844-4126
Email Using Form Below


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This chapter looks at indicators important for early childhood, including weight when starting school, healthy teeth and gums and hospital admissions due to non-intentional injury.
Last modified
11 September 2018
Post date
27 January 2017
Table of contents
Healthy weight when starting school
Proportion of children at a healthy weight during their first year of primary school
Key messages
- Weight status at the commencement of primary school is an important predictor of health outcomes later in life.
- Across England, Scotland and Wales more than one in five children during their first year of primary school are overweight or obese.
- There has been minimal overall improvement in the proportion of children at a healthy weight in the past decade in any country.
- Children living in the most deprived areas are much more likely to be overweight or obese compared to children in the least deprived areas.
- The promotion of healthy weight in children requires a range of interventions to both reduce the obesogenic environment and target critical periods in the life course.
Key actions
- Enact cross-government childhood obesity strategies across all countries, including rigorous evaluation and quality improvement plans.
- Robust evaluation to monitor the effectiveness of the proposed sugar levy and other sugar-reduction initiatives on sugar-sweetened beverages in all countries.
- Expand nutritional standards to all schools. Make school-based health education a statutory subject in all schools, with schools focusing on the importance of both physical activity and nutrition.
- Introduce a ban across the UK on the advertising of foods high in saturated fats, sugar and salt before 9pm, and evaluate the impact of online food marketing on children.
- Extend the reach and effectiveness of universal measurement programmes in different countries to include an increase in the number of measurement points and longitudinal tracking of children, starting much earlier in childhood. There should be sharing of data with general practitioners, school nurses and parents. Introduce Year 6 and P6 cohorts in child measurement programmes in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
- Support a research environment that enables sustained, long-term expansion of basic science and applied research to identify the causes of obesity and effective interventions to tackle it.
- Ensure that overweight and obese children have timely access and support to attend evidence-based programmes, via prescriptions or referrals by their GP.
- Ensure children with significant underweight have timely access to specialist child health services
Healthy teeth and gums
Proportion of children with no obvious tooth decay at age five
Key messages
- Good oral health is essential for children's overall health and wellbeing.
- Despite tooth decay being almost entirely preventable, 31 to 41% of 5-year-old children across the UK have evidence of tooth decay, with rates higher for those in deprived populations.
- Tooth decay is the most common single reason why children aged five to nine require admission to hospital.
- Good oral hygiene and reduced sugar consumption, coupled with access to timely primary dental care, are important for reducing tooth decay in children.
Key actions
- Ongoing development, implementation and evaluation of national oral health programmes for children and young people across the UK, building on existing initiatives, including Childsmile (Scotland) and Designed to Smile (Wales).
- All children in the UK should receive their first check-up as soon as their first teeth come through, and by their first birthday, and have timely access to dental services for preventative advice and early diagnosis of dental caries, with targeted access for vulnerable groups.
- Fluoridation of public water supplies, particularly in areas where there is a high prevalence of tooth decay.
Hospital admissions due to non-intentional injury
Rate of hospital admissions for non-intentional injuries in children under five years
Key messages
- In 2014-15 there were 45,168 non-intentional injury-related hospital admissions across England, Scotland and Wales for children under five years.
- Injuries are non-random, preventable events. Yet non-intentional injuries remain a major cause of ill health and serious disability in children that require continued focus on safety improvements.
- Around 72% of non-intentional injuries in children occur in the home.
- Injury reductions can be achieved at low cost, particularly through parent education and local coordination.
Key actions
- Ensure co-ordinated cross-sectorial action to reduce non-intentional injuries through improved home safety education for parents and health and other early years' professionals.
- Ensure that technological and engineering interventions are combined with education and inspection for maximum efficacy.
- Reduce inequalities relating to admission rates for children and their families in the most deprived areas compared to those in the least deprived areas.
- Download reports


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There may be 8 million stories in the naked city, but few are as visually compelling as Aaron Schock's.
The second-term Republican congressman from Illinois stripped down to his shorts for a photo spread for the latest issue of Men's Health magazine, explaining to the "Today" show's Matt Lauer that undressing for the glossy as "The Ripped Representative" would highlight how "individual choices" — such as having bulging pecs — can bring down health-care costs.
This didn't play well in Peoria, where the county Republican chairman told Fox News that the local congressman should have used "more discretion."
I disagree. In fact, I am hopeful that Schock has started a new trend.
Senate Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus can go shirtless in Forbes magazine to illustrate his dedication to lean government. Ron Paul can display his skin for American Banker as evidence of his determination to strip the Fed of its powers.
Sen. Pat Leahy, from Vermont, can cozy up to his base by taking it off for Hoard's Dairyman, and House Speaker John Boehner can reach out to allies by sharing his tanned torso with the readers of Cigar Aficionado and Wine Enthusiast.
Michele Bachmann, who has made some high-profile gaffes about the Founding Fathers, would be a natural to go au naturel in Real Simple. And to illustrate the effects of global warming, Sen. Barbara Boxer could take off her clothes for National Geographic.
Okay, maybe this isn't such a good idea.
There are those who will say I am only jealous of the 29-year-old Schock and his perfectly sculpted body. To those people, I say: You have a point. Like Schock, I have six-pack abs, but mine come from drinking beer. (American Brewer Magazine: I am available for your June issue.)
Even discounting for my Schock envy, though, there is something disconcerting about the congressman serving himself up as beefcake. Once upon a time, lawmakers prided themselves on brainpower. But as Washington imports a culture of celebrity worship from Los Angeles and New York, the body politic has become more about brawn.
In the Senate, there's Cosmopolitan centerfold Scott Brown. In the House, then-representative Chris Lee thought so much of his deltoids that the married congressman took a shirtless photo to attract a woman on CraigsList early this year. Across the aisle, Rep. Mary Bono Mack became a part of the fun earlier this year when the celebrity Web site Radar Online published a party photo showing a female campaign donor appearing to lick what Radar said was the congresswoman's partially exposed breast.
Then there's the group of male House members — Schock, Paul Ryan, Jeff Flake, Eric Cantor, Heath Shuler and others — who have managed to get articles about their group exercise routine published in The Post, the Wall Street Journal and various other publications. The office of Kevin McCarthy (Calif.), the House Republican whip, even supplied a photo of him in an action pose with P90X inventor Tony Horton (both clothed, thankfully).
Ryan celebrated the P90X workout program in a filmed interview with Politico. "I'm just kind of a workout guy," Ryan explained. "I was actually a fitness trainer." Ryan, who boasted that "I keep my body fat between 6 and 8 percent," said his favored workout relies on "muscle confusion."
But what's going on here is a different type of "muscle confusion" — the confusion that a lawmaker is supposed to be an Adonis rather than a Pericles.
Presidents Kennedy, Ford and Reagan weren't harmed by the occasional beach or pool photo, and Sarah Palin wasn't undone by the surfacing of a college photo of her wearing a T-shirt that said "I may be broke but I'm not flat busted." But the proper reaction — seen when paparazzi caught Bill and Hillary Clinton or Barack Obama on the beach — was annoyance and embarrassment. A politician's flesh was supposed to be private — as when a naked Rahm Emanuel allegedly dressed down Rep. Eric Massa (who has since resigned over his "tickle fights") in the showers of the House gym.
But now we have Schock, following the lead of Fox News's Megyn Kelly (December GQ), undressing for the cover of Men's Health (in the same spot Obama appeared a couple of years ago, in coat and tie).
"Want tricked-out traps? Dominating delts? Abs the size of a woman's fist?" an accompanying article asks. If so, try "the Schock-Your-Body Workout."
"When he strolls into a New York City studio for his photo shoot," the magazine gushes, "he's decked out in a form-fitting Zegna suit and tapered shirt that show off both his musculature and his fashion savvy."
Nice duds. Too bad he took them off.


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Chapeau's Soulor Bibshorts are the perfect all-rounder, providing comfort and quality without the extortionate price tag. Featuring a multi-panel design with a full mesh back, their snug fit offers the perfect blend of support and breathability. A Fiandre pad constructed from ultra-high density foam with an emphasis on supporting the sit bones offers comfort mile after mile.
Chapeau have used zip-zag stitching to offer more flexibility than regular flatlock stitching. External labels, an elasticated cuff with silicone printing to prevent ride up and reflective detailing all add up to make these super shorts the perfect partner to help you feel at the top of your game.
Multi-panel design provides stability
Mesh back for breathability
Fiandre pad provides comfort and support
Elasticated, silicone cuff prevents ride up
Flexible zip-zag stitching
Reflective detailing
External labels


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Web Development
SpinalStenosis.org is a page presenting information on treatments for lumbar spinal stenosis, the condition the St. Francis' product treats. This was another redesign, this time with the intention of updating the look of the site (the old site was already a couple of years old). They specifically didn't want the new site to look too slick, but did want something clean looking that would look like it had up-to-date information. This site is very information intensive, to the point of including a book on the treatment of the condition, which presented some interesting design problems. We opted for a solution that would maintain the look and feel of the site, but with section by section navigation.


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Before we start
– Setting the Scene: an introduction to the expedition and what to expect
– Why Adventure is Important: why getting out of your comfort zone leads to success
– Getting to know each other
First day on the River
– Safety Briefing, paddling instruction and packing up the canoes
– An Insight Into Our Changing World: Environmental (ocean science, degradation and conservation) and Social (consumption, energy, city living and population)
– Values: our shifting mindset
– Happiness: what is happiness to you?
– Time: our most precious asset and how we use it
– Discussion: how do we rebuild society?
– Photography & Video Shooting
– Social Media
– Money & Fundraising
– Time Management
– Identifying your passion and expertise
– Creating a Yes List
– One-on-one sessions with mission leaders
– Designing your future
Take the Floor
– 30 minute life story from each crew member
– Photographer of the Day
Emily Penn is an oceans advocate, skipper and artist; a Cambridge University architecture graduate; and Director of global organisation Pangaea Explorations. Emily's ability to develop and communicate solutions for challenges facing today's society has been sharpened by a diverse portfolio of unique experiences, including organising mass-waste clean-ups on Pacific islands, trawling for micro plastics in the Arctic, and rounding the planet on the record-breaking biofuelled boat Earthrace.
"I thought I would have an adventure, hoped I would find some answers, and expected to get some clarity. Exploring Mindset did so much more in galvanising me, not just for the immediate future, but for my new direction in life - helping me to recognise where I can and will make a difference, on a personal, and social level. The friends I have made will be friends forever, and I know in 20 years time, I will look back at Exploring Mindset, those people and friendships, and see it as a turning point in my life."
David Ardill, Mississippi 2015
"A life changing experience in which I felt a deep connection to the ocean and with genuine, talented and positive people who share a beautiful vision of the world and that work towards their passions in order to make a difference. Dave and Emily guided us through a journey of adventure and open minded debate where they provided structure but also allowed space for spontaneity and surprise. I came back facing the world with a feeling of meaning, belonging and support."
A very special kind of adventure that will leave you with new friends and memories for life, as well as a notebook full of ideas and a newfound determination to make things happen.
"I've never had more fun than I did doing Exploring Mindset: Mississippi 2015 (and I've done a lot of traveling in my lifetime!) The people who were drawn to this were the best people I'd ever met. The smile in my heart will last a lifetime, as will the friendships made on this trip. Truly, this is a life-changing, fun, laugh-out-loud-everyday event you cannot pass up."
Alexis Ray, Mississippi 2015


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With the amount of product we put on our face on a daily basis, a 30 minute to an hour long treatment to make your face feel clean and brand new isn't a bad investment in time in our opinion.
If you are in Brisbane, you are in luck today. We've rounded up the best of the best when it comes to treatments for your face. Take 5 minutes out of your day today and find the best facial in Brisbane.
You may also be interested in our top list on what we believe to be the best day spas in all of Brisbane.
Our Favourite Facials In Brisbane
Rainesforest Massage & Day Spa | Indooroopilly
If the name says it all then Rainesforest Massage & Day Spa is nothing more than a purely natural experience. This day spa takes a different approach to facials, with an emphasis on eastern medicine with a western delivery.
Their facials start on the slightly pricier side, at $82, but are well worth the price of admission. If you want a truly organic and relaxing experience then you definitely want to book a facial with Rainesforest.
Kindred Toxic Free Facials | Bulimba
Do you like your beauty technicians to come with a bit more experience than their competition? If so, you will love Kindred Toxic Free Facials. Owner Natalie has 15 years of experience in the beauty industry, and is dedicated to providing toxic free holistic facials to all of her clients.
A 30 minute facial with Nat will run you about $69, but if you want a healthier glow and you're into the holistic approach to living life, than the price is more than fair.
Natalie also offers discounted package deals quite often which can reduce the price of treatments significantly, so you should check out her website or Facebook page often.
Inspiring Beauty MediSpa | Toowong & Paddington
So you know how most big spas always overcharge for what you actually receive? Well Inspiring Beauty is different. Although their facials start at $130, which is definitely on the higher side price wise, they are absolutely well worth the price when you know everything that goes into an Inspiring Beauty bespoke facial.
Bespoke is the word to focus on here.
Their biggest selling point is the customisation options available. They take into account all skin types and adjust their facial formula accordingly. A truly bespoke experience. You definitely want to check them out if you have sensitive skin.
Madisons Beauty | Ascot
Absolute experts when it comes to skin rejuvenation. That's the best way we can think of to describe Madisons Beauty in Ascot. They are also quite well known as IPL experts as well.
When it comes to their facial treatments, they offer 5 different treatment options, ranging in price from $79 for a 45 minute deep cleanse facial, all the way up to $189 for a 90 minute luxury facial, which also comes with a foot/leg & hand/arm massage.
They can also upgrade your treatment with a Microdermabrasion facial as well.
Botanique Skin & Spa | Burpengary
Something a little bit different location wise. It's no secret that there are a lot of great salons and spa's the closer you get to the city, but you know what? Not everyone lives in the city or wants to travel that far.
Botanique Skin & Spa is located in Burpengary, which is not exactly known for excellence in day spas, but the owner Lisa, will give you high quality treatments just like you would receive from a salon or spa in the CBD.
She has spent many years studying all aspects of beauty and massage and has an impressive list of qualifications. When it comes to her facials, she offers a very affordable express facial for $45 and her Microdermabrasion facials start from $80.
Lucy Lane Beauty Therapy | Kedron
If you want to feel pampered like a princess during your facial, then try Lucy Lane Beauty Therapy. Their consultants do more than just scrub your face clean, they take the time to address your skin concerns and tailor your facial for your needs.
With facials Starting at $80, you are getting a high quality service at a very affordable price. If you want to go all out, we'd recommend going for one of their Collagen Fleece Facials.
Aesthetica | Coorparoo
Aesthetica is every bit as modern as the name suggests. Offering award-winning facials, the salon delivers a superior service, with a wide selection of facial services to choose from. They are bound to offer something that fits your skin type.
'Express facials' start at $66, so Aesthetica is affordable as well.
Aqua Beauty | Teneriffe
We love all the businesses on this list, but we always have a soft spot for those who have a real passion for beauty and just want to please their clients, even if that means taking on fewer clients.
Sue-Ellen at Aqua Beauty is exactly that person and that's how she has run her business for the last 11 years.
When it comes to their facials, we've never seen a list of treatments as long as Aqua Beauty's. A 30 minute mini facial will set you back $65, but why not go for their luxury 60 minute Caviar facial for $195!
Body Beautiful Retreat | Ascot
Extremely popular and award winning. Not a bad start so far right? Body Beautiful Retreat in Ascot is another great day spa choice close to the city.
No matter if you want a wax or a massage and of course a facial, they offer treatments for just about every part of your body.
While they do offer an express facial that lasts for 35 minutes and costs $65, we'd recommend going with one of their advanced facial therapies, which start from $130 and offer a more comprehensive rejuvenating treatment.
Not a bad list if we do say so ourselves, however we are always open to suggestions. Feel free to tell us in the comments below where you go to get sparkling clear skin in Brisbane.
Ever thought about doing a beauty or makeup course in Brisbane yourself? We have you covered.
Image Credit: Mislav
All information & pricing above was correct at time of publishing.
Don't forget to share & like this article!


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Pugazh Jai,Surabhi,Karunas,RJ Balaji,Rajani,velraj,marimuthu
Pugazh (Jai) is a Good Samaritan living in Wallajahpet , he always cares for his neighbours and helps the needy. Trouble starts when the public ground in his neighbourhood is targeted by the local politician Das ( Marimuthu). He wants to sell the land which is rich in ground water to the minister's son in law . This creates a feud between the Das and Pugazh. Das plays filthy and turns his friend against him and distracts Pugazh while planing to acquire the land . How Pugazh fights the politician and saves the land is the rest of the story.
Taking up a land grabbing issue and spinning a decent story line to support is difficult but Director Manimaran and team has managed to pull it off. Jai does a decent job but lacked screen presence and doesn't take control of the scene. Marimuthu plays the filthy politician but the film needed a hard core villain to make it aggressive . But this film plays very safe and sober, it finally drags the story to a familiar ending. Surabhi plays Jai's love interest and a does a good job. The rest of the cast was well picked but nothing extraordinary . A decent script which could have little more masala and a reduced duration could have been better. I give it 3/10


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Ihusi Hotel
Built near Lake Kivu, Ihusi hotel is a standard hotel located in Goma, capital tourism in the Democratic Republic of Congo, in North Kivu province.
Ihusi hotel offers a splendid panorama of Lake Kivu and Virunga mountains. The hotel will charm you with its beautifully architecture built in greco-roman style. Relaxed yet elegant, the hotel features […]
Grand Hotel Kinshasa
The fully renovated, 5-star Pullman Kinshasa Grand Hôtel is in the Gombe municipality, which is the administrative and diplomatic center of the city of Kinshasa.


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USB Phone World Posting Page
Saturday, June 12, 2010
USB phone is a kind of soft phone which can be connected to computer by USB interface. It can help us to have a phone call to/ from all over the world by computer voice software. Actually, the invention of USB phone is really a great innovation in the market of telecommunications.
It is the USB phone that calls from PC to PC can be achieved. So does the calls from PC to telephones or mobile phones by VoIP. Therefore, the conditions like poor network signals are out of consideration. Compared with a normal headphone, USB phone is of a higher quality. Inverted turn in voice can be eliminate by the technology of voice compression.
Compared to a normal phone, internet telephony is in the service of Internet instead of traditional telephone lines. As long as a USB phone and a PC computer with Internet, it is possible to have calls from any places of the world. At present, skype is the most popular software to achieve the technology. You can download skypemate to improve the effect of calls which is available in our website. Besides, USB phone also takes effect in skype, GotoMeeting, Webex and some video game software.
Furthermore, the operation of USB phone is as easy as that of a flash disk. As long as you plug the phone to the USB interface of the computer, any other operations will be finished automatically. So is the unloading. As to the software, you can choose according to your requirements.
For someone who is always on a business trip or work abroad, USB phone is necessary. In my opinion, 160 feet usb cordless phone for skype is a good choice. The 160-foot radio range enables you to talk away from computer in the range of about 50 meters. Then businessmen will relief from staying around the computer in case of any missed calls.
Labels: 160 feet usb cordless phone for skype, download skypemate, usb phone
by: USB Phone World
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There is no way you can deny the fact that history of the world is also the history of liquor. At every turn of life, alcohol was there and often played a pivotal role. Here we bring to you five instances in which alcohol was a game changer.
The beginning of agriculture: It may seem extremely ridiculous, but apparently farming started on a large scale, only to produce beer. Yep, not to make bread, but to brew some beer. Several ancient pottery pieces excavated from China and Syria back this up.
The fate of America: Had it not been for beer, pilgrims would have never landed at Plymouth rock. The reason why colonists stopped long before they reached their destination was shortage of resources. Or in other words, because they ran out of beer. That was probably also the last time they did.
How vodka changed Russian history: Vodka has been a boon and a curse all at once, at least in Russia. When Japan was at war with Russia, their troops were too sloshed to fight (if vodka were your allowance for being a soldier, you'd be too). So it was pretty obvious why the Tsar banned vodka for a short while.
Three-way trade: Slavery, one of the most evil practices in history, was highly impacted by rum. When they figured the byproduct of sugar can be turned into rum for a cheap price, people started offering rum in exchange for slaves who would be forced to work on sugar plantations. Probably the most tragic role alcohol had to play in world history.
Fall of the Great: Alexander The Great was arguably the finest military leader in history as well as the emperor of the largest kingdom. But he died young at 33. His cause of death was consumption of large amounts of wine despite suffering from a terrible fever.


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Most new people dislike hearing this. Believe me when I say that the struggle for information is constant. New writers, nevertheless, feel like it is only happening for them. The fact remains, do not get a blog simply to have a blog. Get it and keep it updated. This lofty this page is not affiliated link has varied elegant suggestions for why to provide for it. It's the best method to developing traffic. How often should you blog? 3 times a week. The best times to website? Studies demonstrate that Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday are fundamental days for blogging.
2) Remain on poi…
1) Weblog generally
Many new bloggers dislike reading this. Trust in me when I state that the struggle for content is constant. New people, however, feel like it's just happening in their mind. The simple truth is, don't get a blog simply to have a blog. Get it and keep it current. It is the fastest way to developing traffic. How usually in case you blog? 3 times a week. For additional information, people are able to check-out: www.twitter.com/gracecamenker. The most useful times to website? Studies have shown that Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday are fundamental days for blogging.
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d) Write reviews: critique other people's books, item or work. It is a good way to community and to be a 'filter' to your industry. Filter the newest material and feature it in your blog (this goes for-you fiction authors too!).
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The fastest way to get traffic is to get your blog presented over a high-traffic site. But how could you do that? By commenting o-n news stories. Most major news sites have an element that will list blogs that are talking about the various news stories. Not all websites get featured but: a) if your if your topic relates to the history they've featured; and b) you have written an informative article to the topic, you'll likely get listed. For a typical example of what these seem like take a look at a new story on CNN: http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/law/09/14/simpson/index.html
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Be sure that your site has a feature. Sites like Digg and http://Del.icio.us are great places to get started. You can get there, register for an account (very easy to complete) and then follow their directions for bookmarking your own personal articles. That is impor-tant! You don't want to save the blog but alternatively, the articles. The threads will then arrive in these sites and, hopefully, other folks will bookmark them as well. Even when no-one else bookmarks your articles, it generally does not matter. You can still get traffic by being positioned on these internet sites. Tremendous simple to do, go ahead, give it a picture!
7) Twitter your blog
Got anything to say? Decide to try microblogging at Twitter: http://www.twitter.com. It is a free service that asks the question: What are you doing now? Get in, register and start posting your communications with links right back to your site. We tried this and it's amazing. You may also blog from your own cellular phone and rim. You can not only use it to advertise your blog but your book, talking function, whatever you want. It may appear to be a 'who cares' thought, but trust me, everyone's Twittering as of late.
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Using simple RSS feeds through http://www.feedblitz.com you are able to syndicate your-self and let persons donate to your blog. If they do not have a method to contribute to your site, they might forget you completely. It'll tell them once someone subscribes, every-time you post new content. And the very best part? Your messages will not get stuck in someone's spam filter. They'll have the notice, check out your site and voila! Your audience remains engaged and developing.
Eventually, do not use an 'official' speech on your own blog. Pretend you're sitting across from your reader over coffee. Communicate with them in a more informal, conversational tone and you'll not just get more visitors, you'll likely get more responses also! It does not take much to cultivate only a little determination, a weblog and creativity. Happy blogging!.


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Multiple sources (including actors , administrators, and media) have acknowledged on Facebook that an apparent employee of HDA tried (and in some cases succeeded) in preventing guests from attending the performance.
"They literally blocked entrances and exits, " an actor said.
A director stressed for the "thugs" next time "instead of intimidating elderly ladies trying to see a play, next time hire thugs that can politely point patrons in the right direction."
One patron greeted by locked door stated that cast members came out and escorted guest through another entrance. The individual allegedly threatened to tow vehicles too.
Huntington's First Lady wrote on Facebook, "I am shocked by the posts about the bullying tactics... why would keeping theater goers out benefit them and their position?" Labeling the description of the actions , "a poor way to handle it" and admitting to not having knowledge of the exact dispute, she added: "I'd be interested in why HDC thought what they did was the correct action to take."In another Facebook posting, the city's first lady continued:
The actor added that the cast had not been informed of the on going dispute. There had been no attempts to stop rehearsals for the show.
However, This action came AFTER the board of directors voted to cease operations after what will likely be a sell-out dinner theater performances that conclude this weekend.
The incident created liabilities too. According to a source, "one elderly woman coming to see her granddaughter in the show was turned away ONCE SHE WAS IN the building and didn't know what to do." Due to a medical condition, she became "lost" in the building and was "sobbing when her family found her." Other elderly folks and individuals with accessibility limitations were "denied access to the elevator."
"Odd Couple" has sold out dinner portions. Some tickets for show only are available for $15. Dates are Oct. 12-14 at the Renaissance Building (Old HHS).
Check out this link for HNN and WV Record's earlier stories on the dispute:
http://www.nonprofitfacts.com/WV/Housing-Development-Corporation.htmlTable of contents:
Organization representatives - add corrected or new information about Housing Development Corporation »
Non-representatives - add comments about Housing Development Corporation»
|Housing Development Corporation
Read more: http://www.nonprofitfacts.com/WV/Housing-Development-Corporation.html#ixzz4vfQtxuhx


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Northern Ireland
John Hume's wife Pat to be honoured for tireless work for peace
Pat Hume is to be honoured with a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Irish Red Cross in recognition of her decades of public service.
Pat worked alongside her husband John Hume from the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1960s, continuing during the Troubles, right through to the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.
Pat ran operations on the ground, manning John's constituency office in Londonderry.
She met many young people caught up in the Troubles and dealt with issues presented to her by thousands encountering housing problems, social security issues and health and education concerns.
Pat sacrificed her first career as a teacher to undertake this work and didn't just run one political office; the Hume family home was a thoroughfare for journalists, political visitors and diplomats, and Pat ran proceedings here, too, while also taking care of a young family.
As John travelled for much of his political work, Pat was his eyes and ears on the ground, keeping him briefed on political matters.
This was all against a backdrop where the Hume family was often under threat; the car was tampered with and the family home was fire-bombed and vandalised.
These were threats Pat often dealt with alone while John was working away.
Given 2018 marks the 20th anniversary of the Good Friday Agreement, the Irish Red Cross said it is very fitting to recognise the role Pat Hume played in Derry and in her wider contribution to the politics which ultimately provided the basis for the Good Friday Agreement.
Pat is now primary carer for John, who has been living with dementia for almost 20 years.
She will accept the award at the Irish Red Cross Humanitarian Awards Ball, which takes place at the Clayton Hotel Burlington Road in Dublin on November 24.
The ceremony will honour humanitarian achievements while raising funds for vulnerable children and families in Ireland and overseas.
While the Lifetime Achievement Award is a pre-determined category, entries for five other categories are open now.
Tara Justin from the Irish Red Cross said: "We are calling those of you with relevant experience to apply, or nominate your peers, across five of our awards categories - the Journalism Excellence Award, Humanitarian of the Year Award, Innovation for Change Award, Corporate Impact Award and Student Humanitarian Award."
The deadline for entries is Friday, October 5.


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In the heart of Millbrae, this elegant and bright luxury end unit condo has an open floor plan and is conveniently located on the ground floor. Premium features include gleaming hardwood floors, high ceilings, and abundant windows. A large living room, accented with a built-in bookcase, opens to a private patio overlooking the quiet inner courtyard. The gas fireplace attractively separates the living and dining rooms. The two bedrooms and two baths, positioned at opposite sides of the condo, include a spacious master suite. The chef's kitchen highlights granite counter tops, roomy pantry, breakfast bar, ample cabinets, and the second private patio. An in-unit washer and dryer, plentiful closets, and two dedicated parking spaces are additional attributes. Built in 2007, the sound all concrete and steel construction includes central air conditioning and heat, and security elevators and entrances. Amenities include a fitness facility and a social room complete with a full kitchen, gas range, and comfortable seating, perfect for your next party. 88 S Broadway is ideally situated between SF and Silicon Valley. The location is steps to BART, CalTrain, SFO, freeways, shopping, dining, downtown Millbrae, and excellent schools. The Walk Score of 88 is a walker's dream. This abode has it all, welcome home.
- 2 bedrooms include a master suite
- 2 bathrooms
- Gleaming hardwood floors and high ceilings
- Kitchen with gas range, granite countertops, breakfast bar, and pantry
- Gas fireplace services living room and dining room
- Washer and dryer in guest bathroom
- Central A/C
- Two patios face the quiet courtyard
- Elegant social room with full kitchen and gas range, comfortable seating and dining table
- Fitness facility
- Steel and concrete construction
- Two car deeded parking
- HOA $479.44 per month
- Excellent schools
- Conveniently close to freeways, CalTrain, BART, SFO, shopping and downtown Millbrae
- Walk Score of 88, a walker's dream
Floor Plans
Located just west of San Francisco International Airport, Millbrae boasts rolling hills, highly ranked schools, and easy access to public transit and freeways.
In the 1860s, Darius Ogden Mills built an estate near Skyline Boulevard, Millbrae Avenue, and Trousdale Drive in present-day Millbrae. He called the property Millbrae after his own name and the Lowland Scots word "brae" for the slope of a hill. The city was incorporated in 1948.
The city of more than 22,000 is home to 12 parks and the Green Hills Country Club. Millbrae occupies 3.25 square miles about 15 miles south of downtown San Francisco. The city has its own Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) and Caltrain stations and is bordered by Highway 101 and Interstate 280, making commuting to San Francisco or Silicon Valley convenient for residents.
Millbrae's median household income is $88,000, and its median home value is $902,400, according to 2013 United States Census Bureau data. Of the city's 8,372 housing units, 63 percent are owner occupied.
Open Houses:
Please use 25 El Camino Real for open houses.
April 22 Friday Twilight Tour 5:00-7:00 PM
April 23 Saturday 1:30-4:30 PM
April 24 Sunday 1:30-4:30 PM
Brokers Tour:
April 26 Tuesday 10:00 AM-1:00 PM Clients are welcome!
Additional Showings by Appointment:
Contact Judy Meuschke
About Judy
Born and raised in the Bay Area, Judy lived in different parts of San Francisco in the years prior to moving to Burlingame in 1995. Her deep local roots in both areas extend from her civic and volunteer involvement to her relationships with businesses, colleagues, and real estate markets. She has raised her family in Burlingame, held dozens of community leadership roles and has received recognition for her service in both nonprofit sectors and the real estate community.
Judy's dedication and negotiating skills have earned her repeat business and success. She seeks to understand each client need and to get them to their ideals. She leverages technology and word-class marketing to better serve the needs of today's savvy home buyers and sellers. Her clients cite her calm, thoughtful professionalism in even the most complex of negotiations.
Judy specializes in both the Peninsula and San Francisco, representing clients who desire a move from one location to the other in order to fit lifestyle needs. She understands the natural SF/Peninsula 'flow' and has worked with sellers moving from their larger homes on the Peninsula in order to downsize to the city, or buyers moving down the Peninsula to grow their families and attend the schools. Having lived in both areas she counsels clients on the neighborhoods, businesses, schools, recreation and amenities of each. Judy also has a wide array of SF and Peninsula professionals that she refers to clients: trusted mortgage brokers, insurance agents, stagers, contractors, painters and designers to name a few.
Overall, Judy loves her business of helping her clients. She is driven to consistently exceed expectations, achieve client goals and create lifelong relationships.
View Judy's testimonials on Yelp, Trulia, and Zillow to read what her clients are saying.
Professional Memberships:
Top Agent Network
San Mateo County Association of Realtors
San Francisco Association of Realtors
California Association of Realtors
National Association of Realtors
Judy Meuschke
Realtor® AssociateAlain Pinel RealtorscalDRE# 01471840650.400.2543 mobile650.931.2099 faxjudymeuschke.com