text:
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- Open Access
Quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow in coronary artery disease by cardiovascular magnetic resonance: comparison of Fermi and distributed parameter modeling against invasive methods
© The Author(s). 2016
- Received: 31 March 2016
- Accepted: 29 July 2016
- Published: 13 September 2016
Mathematical modeling of perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data allows absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow and can potentially improve the diagnosis and prognostication of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), against the current clinical standard of visual assessments. This study compares the diagnostic performance of distributed parameter modeling (DP) against the standard Fermi model, for the detection of obstructive CAD, in per vessel against per patient analysis.
A pilot cohort of 28 subjects (24 included in the final analysis) with known or suspected CAD underwent adenosine stress-rest perfusion CMR at 3T. Data were analysed using Fermi and DP modeling against invasive coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve, acquired in all subjects. Obstructive CAD was defined as luminal stenosis of ≥70 % alone, or luminal stenosis ≥50 % and fractional flow reserve ≤0.80.
On ROC analysis, DP modeling outperformed the standard Fermi model, in per vessel and per patient analysis. In per patient analysis, DP modeling-derived myocardial blood flow at stress demonstrated the highest sensitivity and specificity (0.96, 0.92) in detecting obstructive CAD, against Fermi modeling (0.78, 0.88) and visual assessments (0.79, 0.88), respectively.
DP modeling demonstrated consistently increased diagnostic performance against Fermi modeling and showed that it may have merit for stratifying patients with at least one vessel with obstructive CAD.
Trial Registration
Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01368237
Registered 6 of June 2011. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01368237
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
- Myocardial blood flow
- Fermi modeling
- Distributed parameter modeling
- Invasive methods
Perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a technique that allows the non-invasive assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) [1, 2]. Clinically, the current standard method of assessment of perfusion CMR is based either on visual estimates of the images, or on a semi-quantitative assessment of perfusion index [3, 4]. Visual assessments of areas of abnormal perfusion rely on the presence of myocardial areas with normal perfusion for direct comparison. Visual estimates are particularly difficult in multi-vessel disease where there may be minimal areas of normal perfusion to compare against, or in cases of severe left ventricular impairment [5] in which slow bolus dispersion leads to low contrast enhancement globally within the myocardium. Mathematical modeling of perfusion imaging data allows absolute quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and it may be particularly useful in cases in which visual assessment is compromised. By quantifying perfusion, it also has the potential to minimize interobserver variability and to improve the diagnosis and prognostication of CAD [5, 6].
Fermi deconvolution modeling is an empirical-mathematical model used to estimate MBF from perfusion CMR data during first-pass of gadolinium-based extracellular contrast agents [7]. Distributed parameter (DP) deconvolution modeling is based upon physiological principles of tracer kinetics analysis and it can provide MBF quantification and additional information about coronary vascularity and permeability [8]. This includes estimates of intravascular space, extravascular-extracellular space, permeability surface area product, extraction fraction and volume of distribution.
Fermi modeling is currently the most popular approach for quantitative analysis of perfusion CMR data [5]. The diagnostic performance of Fermi modeling in detecting obstructive CAD has been assessed, with variable conclusions whether it provides additive clinical information to visual assessment [9] or not [5, 10]. In contrast to Fermi modeling, the diagnostic performance of DP modeling has not at this point been assessed against invasive clinical standard methods. In addition, there is still a disagreement whether Fermi modeling can provide haemodynamic thresholds either in per vessel [5, 10] or in per patient [11] basis, for robust patient stratification in the presence of obstructive CAD. A model comparison in per vessel against per patient analysis has not been fully assessed yet in a single CMR study.
The objective of this study was two-fold. Firstly, to investigate whether either Fermi or DP modeling may be more accurate in detecting reduced MBF in obstructive CAD, when compared against the current invasive clinical standard assessment of invasive coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve in a pilot population. The second objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of both models in per vessel against per patient based analysis in this pilot population.
Study population and design
28 patients with history of stable angina and with known or suspected CAD were recruited for perfusion CMR. Exclusion criteria for all subjects included history of severely compromised renal function (Glomerular filtration rate ≤ 30 mL/min), pregnancy and contraindications to CMR. The study was performed with the approval of the institutional research ethics committee, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and with the written informed consent of all subjects. All subjects were instructed to abstain from caffeine for 12 h before CMR. All patients underwent invasive coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Perfusion CMR was acquired using a 3T Verio imaging system (Siemens, Healthcare Gmbh, Erlangen, Germany) using electrocardiogram-gating, as previously described [12]. Standard cardiac imaging planes and a short axis stack of left ventricular cine data were acquired using routine steady state free precession (TrueFISP) acquisitions. T1 MOLLI maps were acquired using the Siemens Works in Progress Package #448, Quantitative Cardiac Parameter Mapping [13]. Stress imaging was performed by intravenously administering 140 μg/kg/min of adenosine (Adenoscan, Sanofi Aventis) for 4 min and confirmation of patient symptoms. Fifty dynamic perfusion images were obtained at diastole across three short-axis view slices, covering 16 of the standard myocardial segments [14]. A turbo-fast low angle shot saturation recovery prepared single-shot gradient echo pulse sequence was used with imaging parameters: repetition time/ echo time 2.20 ms/1.07 ms, flip angle 12o, slice thickness 8 mm, preparation pulse delay to central line of k-space 100 ms, matrix size 192 × 108 and FoV 330 mm x 440 mm. With the application of GRAPPA (accelerator factor of 3) and partial Fourier acquisition of 0.75, each dynamic frame consisted of 48-phase encoding lines.
An intravenous bolus of 0.05 mmol/kg of a gadolinium-based contrast agent (Gadovist, Bayer Healthcare) was injected at 4 mL/s using an MR-compatible pump injector (Spectris Solaris, Medrad, Bayer). To allow clearance of residual contrast agent, rest perfusion imaging was performed 15 min after the adenosine-stress scan by repeating the same acquisition protocol in all subjects.
Invasive coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve
All patients underwent invasive coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Fractional flow reserve was assessed for major epicardial vessels and defined as the ratio between distal coronary pressure and aortic pressure measured simultaneously at maximal adenosine-induced (intravenous 140 μg/kg/min) hyperaemia [15, 16]. Haemodynamically significant (obstructive) CAD was defined as luminal stenosis ≥70 % on invasive coronary angiography, or fractional flow reserve <0.80 and luminal stenosis ≥50 %. Outcomes from the three main coronary vessels were classified into 2 groups: Group 1, (no, minor or non)-obstructive CAD with luminal stenosis <50 % or with luminal stenosis ≥50 % and fractional flow reserve > 0.80; Group 2, obstructive CAD with luminal stenosis of ≥70 % alone, or luminal stenosis ≥50 % and fractional flow reserve ≤0.80 [15, 16].
Visual analysis
Perfusion CMR images were analyzed by 2 experienced observers blinded to all other data. The perfusion CMR scans were reported for the three main epicardial vessel territories and classified as positive for obstructive CAD in the presence of a stress-induced perfusion defect which was transmural and/or involved ≥ 1 myocardial segment, corresponding to the maximum sensitivity and specificity [10]. In the event of disagreement, the images were reviewed together and a consensus was reached.
Quantitative CMR analysis
Endocardial and epicardial MR contours were outlined using dedicated cardiac image analysis software (QMass, Medis, The Netherlands) to generate a standardised 16-segment American Heart Association (AHA) model of the heart (reference marker for myocardial segmentation was placed in the anteroseptal conjunction of the left and right ventricle) [14]. Quantification of MBF was performed using customised in-house software developed in Matlab (MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA), as previously described [12]. Myocardial and arterial input function signal intensity-time curves were converted to gadolinium concentration-time curves using the method of Larsson et al (see details in Additional file 1) [17]. Model-dependent deconvolution analysis was implemented to measure MBF using Fermi and 1-barrier 2-region DP functions as previously described (see details and functions in Additional file 2) [12]. To account for the delay time between the onset of contrast enhancement in the arterial input function and the myocardium, both models were fitted to the data multiple times, from zero to six times the temporal resolution at dynamic perfusion acquisition. The delay time reaching the optimal x2 fit to the data was used in the analysis [11, 12]. In DP modeling, additional microvascular characteristics were also calculated (Additional file 3). Myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) was calculated by dividing the hyperemic MBF by the resting flow. The mean myocardial perfusion reserve of the two lowest scoring myocardial segments (MPR2) was also calculated for each vessel territory and its accuracy in detecting obstructive CAD was examined [5, 10]. Both models were applied to each of the 16 AHA segments. MBF, MPR and MPR2 were then averaged per epicardial vessel territory (vessel territories corresponded to the three main coronary vessels, also defined according to the 16 segment AHA model [14]). Mean values for MBF at stress, MPR and MPR2 were classified accordingly for per vessel and per patient based analysis (see classification in the results section referring to visual MR analysis).
Statistical analysis
Dedicated software were used for statistical analysis (R Foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria, Analyse-it, Analyse-it Software, Leeds, England). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine threshold values for absolute MBF at stress, MPR and MPR2 with the greatest sensitivity and specificity to detect obstructive CAD (Group 2 versus Group 1). The maximal Youden Index was used to determine the optimal threshold values [5, 10]. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using trapezoidal numerical integration and a Delong et al nonparametric comparison was used to compare the diagnostic performance of quantitative methods [18]. Bland Altman plots were used to investigate systematic bias between Fermi and DP modeling values for MBF, MPR and MPR2.
An interobserver reliability analysis was performed for visual estimates using Cohen kappa statistic. Statistical differences in MBF values and in myocardial perfusion ratios between patient Groups (Group 2 against Group 1), were investigated by implementing a two sample t-test. Statistical significance was defined as two-sided P value < 0.05.
Baseline demographics
Data (n = 24)
Age (yrs)
63 ± 7
20 (83)
29 ± 5
13 (54)
0.43 ± 0.02
Type 1
0 (0)
Type 2
3 (13)
23 (96)
4 (17)
3 (13)
0 (0)
2 (8)
6 (25)
15 (63)
4 (17)
21 (88)
20 (83)
Angiographic data (per vessel)
Group 1
46 (64)
Group 2
26 (36)
All patients underwent invasive coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve assessment. 16 patients (67 %) had at least 1 vessel territory classified with obstructive CAD (Group 2). 10 patients had 1-vessel disease, 2 had 2-vessel disease and 4 had 3-vessel disease.
Visual CMR analysis
Diagnostic performance of visual CMR estimates
Visual estimates from MR
Per vessel
Per patient
0.73 (0.50, 0.88)
0.79 (0.49, 0.94)
0.80 (0.64, 0.89)
0.88 (0.47, 0.99)
0.64 (0.43, 0.81)
0.92 (0.60, 0.99)
0.85 (0.70, 0.94)
0.70 (0.35, 0.92)
Quantitative CMR analysis
Mean (SD) values for MBF at stress, MPR and MPR2, for Groups 1 and 2
Haemodynamic parameter-Model
Per vessel
Per patient
Group 1
Group 2
Group 1
Group 2
MBF Fermi (mL/min/mL)
2.49 (0.96)
1.96 (0.66)
3.07 (0.71)
1.97 (0.75)
MBF DP (mL/min/mL)
2.01 (0.71)
1.36 (0.39)
2.53 (0.37)
1.41 (0.46)
MPR Fermi
2.09 (0.85)
1.55 (0.59)
2.61 (0.76)
1.61 (0.59)
1.78 (0.71)
1.12 (0.38)
2.26 (0.61)
1.21 (0.39)
MPR2 Fermi
1.79 (0.81)
1.08 (0.45)
2.24 (0.77)
1.19 (0.49)
1.53 (0.65)
0.86 (0.31)
1.97 (0.56)
0.95 (0.32)
Results from t-test and ROC analysis in per vessel and per patient based analysis
Statistical analysis/ Model
Per vessel
Per patient
P values from t-test comparisons
MBF (G1 vs G2)
<0.0001 †
<0.00001 †
MPR (G1 vs G2)
<0.0001 †
<0.00001 †
MPR2 (G1 vs G2)
<0.00001 †
<0.00001 †
AUCs from ROC analysis
0.68 (0.55, 0.80)
0.76 (0.65, 0.87)
0.86 (0.77, 0.94)
0.97 (0.92, 1.00)
0.69 (0.56, 0.81)
0.79 (0.68, 0.89)
0.85 (0.75, 0.94)
0.94 (0.87, 1.00)
0.77 (0.66, 0.88)
0.82 (0.72, 0.92)
0.88 (0.80, 0.96)
0.96 (0.91, 1.00)
Thresholds on ROC analysis
MBF (mL/min/mL)
P values from comparisons of ROC curves between haemodynamic parameters
MBF vs MPR
MBF vs MPR2
MPR vs MPR2
Difference in AUC of ROC curves between haemodynamic parameters
MBF vs MPR
-0.01 (-0.10, 0.08)
-0.03 (-0.11, 0.05)
0.01 (-0.06, 0.08)
0.03 (-0.03, 0.09)
MBF vs MPR2
-0.09 (-0.18, 0.01)
-0.06 (-0.14, 0.02)
-0.03 (-0.10, 0.04)
0.01 (-0.04, 0.06)
MPR vs MPR2
-0.08 (-0.16, 0.01)
-0.03 (-0.09, 0.02)
-0.04 (-0.09, 0.01)
-0.02 (-0.06, 0.02)
Systematic bias between Fermi- and DP modeling-derived values was investigated using Bland Altman plots (Additional file 5). The average bias was calculated as the Fermi modeling-derived estimates minus the DP modeling-derived estimates across all three haemodynamic parameters. For MBF at stress, MPR and MPR2, the average bias (95 % CI) was 0.55 (-0.51, 1.62), 0.38 (-0.54, 1.31), 0.25 (0.51, 1.00), respectively.
Results from ROC analysis for all Fermi versus DP modeling comparisons
Fermi vs DP modeling (Per vessel)
Fermi vs DP modeling (Per patient)
P values from comparisons of ROC curves between models
Difference in AUC of ROC curves between models
-0.08 (-0.15,-0.02)
-0.11 (-0.19,-0.03)
-0.10 (-0.18,-0.02)
-0.09 (-0.16,-0.02)
-0.05 (-0.13, 0.03)
-0.07 (-0.12,-0.02)
Diagnostic performance of Fermi and DP modeling in per vessel and per patient analysis
Haemodynamic parameter-Model
Fermi-MBF PV
0.85 (0.76 to 0.94)
0.54 (0.43 to 0.65)
0.51 (0.39 to 0.63)
0.86 (0.74 to 0.98)
0.89 (0.79 to 0.99)
0.63 (0.52 to 0.74)
0.58 (0.48 to 0.68)
0.91 (0.84 to 0.98)
Fermi-MPR PV
0.69 (0.50 to 0.88)
0.54 (0.40 to 0.68)
0.46 (0.32 to 0.60)
0.76 (0.62 to 0.90)
0.85 (0.72 to 0.98)
0.61 (0.48 to 0.74)
0.55 (0.43 to 0.67)
0.88 (0.76 to 1.00)
Fermi-MPR2 PV
0.73 (0.58 to 0.88)
0.65 (0.51 to 0.79)
0.54 (0.40 to 0.68)
0.81 (0.68 to 0.94)
0.77 (0.62 to 0.92)
0.70 (0.56 to 0.84)
0.58 (0.46 to 0.70)
0.84 (0.75 to 0.94)
Fermi-MBF PP
0.78 (0.66 to 0.90)
0.88 (0.76 to 1.00)
0.93 (0.86 to 1.00)
0.66 (0.55 to 0.77)
0.96 (0.91 to 1.00)
0.92 (0.85 to 0.99)
0.96 (0.91 to 1.00)
0.92 (0.84 to 1.00)
Fermi-MPR PP
0.69 (0.55 to 0.83)
0.83 (0.70 to 0.96)
0.90 (0.80 to 1.00)
0.58 (0.46 to 0.70)
0.88 (0.76 to 1.00)
0.88 (0.78 to 0.98)
0.94 (0.88 to 1.00)
0.78 (0.66 to 0.90)
Fermi-MPR2 PP
0.80 (0.66 to 0.94)
0.79 (0.62 to 0.94)
0.89 (0.78 to 1.00)
0.66 (0.55 to 0.77)
0.92 (0.86 to 0.98)
0.83 (0.74 to 0.92)
0.92 (0.86 to 0.98)
0.83 (0.73 to 0.93)
Following per vessel analysis, quantitative MBF analysis was investigated on a per patient basis. Mean values for all three Fermi- and DP modeling-derived haemodynamic parameters for Groups 1 and 2 are presented in Table 3.
Significant differences in haemodynamic parameter values between Groups 1 and 2 increased further for both models, with DP modeling demonstrating consistently greater differences, compared to Fermi modeling (Table 4).
Haemodynamic thresholds on ROC analysis and mean values for MBF at stress in per patient analysis are demonstrated in Fig. 4b. The AUC were generally increased in per patient analysis, in comparison with per vessel analysis (Table 4). No significant differences were observed in ROC curves between haemodynamic parameters for either model, in per patient analysis (Table 4).
The main findings of this study demonstrated that DP modeling outperformed the standard Fermi modeling in the setting of obstructive CAD detection, in both per vessel and per patient analysis. When compared with visual and quantitative CMR analysis, DP modeling-derived MBF at stress in per patient analysis, showed the highest diagnostic performance for the detection of obstructive CAD in our pilot population.
Visual versus quantitative CMR analysis
The interobserver variability for visual analysis was similar to a previously published value [10] and higher compared to another study [9]. In per vessel based analysis, visual CMR estimates gave higher specificity compared to quantitative CMR estimates (Tables 2 versus 6). However, quantitative CMR analysis showed superior sensitivity using both Fermi and DP modeling-derived MBF at stress, compared to visual CMR assessments.
In per patient based analysis, DP modeling demonstrated superior diagnostic performance in detecting obstructive CAD, compared to visual CMR estimates (Tables 2 versus 6).
Distributed parameter versus Fermi analysis
This is the first study assessing the diagnostic performance of 1-barrier 2-region DP modeling in 24 patients with known or suspected CAD, against invasive methods. Studies assessing the diagnostic performance of fully quantitative perfusion CMR methods in patients have mainly focused on the use of Fermi modeling [5, 9, 10, 19], or on a model-independent approach [20], for detecting obstructive CAD. A recent perfusion CMR study has assessed four different model applications (Fermi model, uptake model, one-compartmental model, model-independent approach) at 1.5T, in which it was shown that the diagnostic performance of quantitative MR analysis did not significantly differ between modeling methods, for obstructive CAD detection [11]. In our data analysis, the diagnostic power of Fermi modeling was in agreement with previously published studies [5, 9–11, 19]. However, DP modeling showed significantly higher diagnostic performance compared to Fermi modeling, which was consistent throughout both per vessel and per patient based analysis.
To date, no other perfusion CMR study has accurately identified perfusion abnormalities in the presence of significant CAD using only MBF value at stress as a measure (estimated per epicardial vessel territory). Perfusion CMR studies have instead defined the use of the lowest scoring segments for detecting obstructive CAD. This approach was applied either by using MPR as measure [5, 10, 19], or MBF at stress as measure [20], or both [11]. Patel et al. used Fermi modeling-derived MPR, to assess quantitative MR analysis in patients with obstructive CAD [9]. In our data, no differences were observed between all three haemodynamic parameters for either model, other than the case of the Fermi modeling derived-MPR2, which showed improvement against MBF at stress and MPR, in per vessel analysis. This agrees with previous studies demonstrating no difference between MBF at stress and MPR when the measure of the lowest scoring segments was examined [11, 20].
The optimal thresholds in per vessel (1.75 mL/min/mL) and in per patient (2.00 mL/min/mL) analysis for DP modeling-derived MBF at stress (Table 4), were in agreement with a previous positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion study (1.85 mL/min/mL) which aimed to localise perfusion defects to significantly stenotic coronary arteries in per vessel and per patient basis (≥70 % on invasive angiograms) [21]. It is important to note that PET is currently considered the reference standard for absolute non-invasive quantification of MBF [1, 5, 21].
The Fermi model demonstrated higher haemodynamic thresholds in both per vessel (2.49 mL/min/mL) and per patient (2.60 mL/min/mL) based analysis, compared to DP modeling (Table 4). Threshold values for Fermi modeling were in agreement with a previously published value (2.30 mL/min/mL) [22]. However, thresholds for Fermi modeling were in a slightly higher range compared to other PET perfusion studies (1.86, 2.50 and 2.45 mL/min/mL) [23–25] respectively, which aimed to identify perfusion abnormalities against lower angiographic thresholds (≥50 % on invasive angiograms). In our analysis, higher perfusion estimates were observed for Fermi modeling compared to DP modeling, across all three haemodynamic parameters (Table 3, Bland Altman plot analysis). In the same context, other perfusion studies demonstrated that the Fermi model estimates MBF values that were systematically increased compared to DP modeling [12, 26], to two-compartmental modeling, model-independent and Patlak model analysis [27], as well as against PET imaging data analysed with the Patlak model [5]. It is known that arterial input function saturation effects that may be present in single bolus data can result in significant overestimation of MBF in Fermi modeling [28]. Our group has previously demonstrated that the DP model can be less dependent on arterial input function saturation effects, compared to the Fermi model [12]. Any MBF overestimations using Fermi modeling may have become pronounced in some of our subjects due to saturation effects in our single bolus data. This may explain its lower sensitivity in detecting hypoperfusion in obstructive CAD (susceptible to false negatives), compared to DP modeling.
Per vessel versus per patient quantitative analysis
The significant differences between (no, minor or non)-obstructive and obstructive CAD (Table 4 and 5), the AUC (Table 4, Figs. 3 and 5) and the diagnostic performance (Table 6) of both models were considerably superior in per patient analysis, compared to per vessel analysis. DP modeling-derived MBF at stress in per patient analysis demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance in detecting impaired haemodynamics in obstructive CAD (Table 6) and compares favourably against previous findings [9, 11]. These outcomes indicate that it may have merit for the stratification of patients with at least one vessel with obstructive CAD.
The specificities and positive predictive values in per vessel based analysis were in agreement with those reported by a previous study [19], but in a lower range compared to other investigations [5, 10]. Quantitative CMR analysis identified hypoperfusion in vessels with (no, minor or non)-obstructive CAD, which increased the false positives in per vessel analysis. 72 % of the patients with (no, minor or non)-obstructive disease had at least one vessel with obstructive CAD (Table 1). Also, the vast majority of the study participants had been referred for angina (96 %), were under treatment for cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension (beta blockers, 83 %), were under medication for hyperlipidemia (statins, 88 %) and were previous smokers (63 %), all high risk factors for microvascular dysfunction [29]. It is important to consider that microvascular dysfunction may have a major impact on global MBF [6, 29], which may also have affected myocardial perfusion in vessels with (no, minor or non)-obstructive CAD. The coincidental effect of microvascular dysfunction in these patients, could possibly explain the homogeneous deficiency in coronary blood flow detected with both quantitative modeling approaches.
Study limitations
The main limitation of this study is the small population size. However, this is a pilot study to assess the feasibility of applying the DP model in this cohort of patients with known or suspected CAD. The above methods need to be assessed in larger patient cohorts to further assess their diagnostic accuracy. For perfusion CMR, a single bolus protocol was implemented to eliminate patient discomfort, similar to previous quantitative perfusion CMR studies at 1.5T [11, 19, 20] and at 3T [10]. Thus, it was impossible to assess any MBF overestimations at the specific contrast agent dose (0.05 mmol/kg) used in this study, due to arterial input function saturation issues at 3T. Our group has previously shown that the DP model was less dependent on saturation effects, although at a lower contrast agent dose (0.03 mmol/kg) [12]. However, it is currently shown here that DP modeling achieved higher sensitivity and specificity in detecting obstructive CAD in our pilot cohort. This suggests that further investigation is required to determine whether DP modeling may be a more robust method of analysis for single bolus data at 3T, compared to the Fermi model. Any possible misregistration between the actual architecture of vessel territories and the standard 16-segment model used for myocardial segmentation [14] is a methodological consideration that should not be excluded in both visual and quantitative CMR analysis. Both types of analysis can be subject to overlap of vessel territories which could in turn affect their sensitivity and/or specificity [21]. Despite this, the reference method for quantitative CMR analysis of myocardial perfusion still occurs across the three major epicardial arteries [14] and this standard type of analysis was also implemented in this study.
Our analysis demonstrated that diagnostically, the DP model outperformed the standard Fermi model, in the setting of detecting hypoperfusion corresponding to haemodynamically significant stenotic vessel territories.
In per patient analysis, the diagnostic performance of DP modeling-derived MBF at stress outperformed both Fermi modeling and visual CMR analysis, whilst reaching the highest sensitivity and specificity for obstructive CAD detection in our pilot population. In the clinical setting, the haemodynamic threshold for DP-derived MBF at hyperaemia may have potential to be established as important biomarker, in order to stratify patients with at least one vessel with obstructive CAD.
CAD, coronary artery disease; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; DP, distributed parameter model; MBF, myocardial blood flow; MOLLI, modified Look Locker inversion recovery; MPR, myocardial perfusion reserve; MPR2, myocardial perfusion reserve of the two lowest scoring segments; PET, positron emission tomography; ROC, receiver operating characteristic
We are grateful to Siemens Gmbh for supplying the Works in Progress software.
This work was made possible through funding and continued support from the British Heart Foundation (GP by the RE/08/001/23904, MCW, MRD and DEN by the FS/11/014, CH/09/002). DEN is the recipient of a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award (WT103782AIA). The Centre for Cardiovascular Science is the recipient of a British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Award (RE/08/001). The Clinical Research Imaging Centre and Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (Edinburgh) are supported by National Health Service Research Scotland (NRS).
Authors' contributions
GP: Author of the manuscript. Conceptualized the objectives and developed the hypotheses of the manuscript. Participated in the design of the image acquisition protocol, prepared the data analysis software and performed quantitative and statistical analysis. MW: Recruited all patients, prepared subjects before the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, supervised the scans and performed visual MR analysis. MD: Supervised the scans and performed visual MR analysis. SA: Prepared the subjects before the MR scanning and supervised the scans. AC: Participated in the development of the image acquisition protocol. SM: Performed qualitative assessment of the MR images and reported incidental findings. DN: Revised the manuscript. Gave final approval to be published and approved the validity of the research questions and scientific approaches. Planned the study, obtained funding. SS: Revised the manuscript. Gave final approval to be published and approved the validity of the research questions, methodology and scientific approaches. Planned the study, obtained funding. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The study has been approved by the United Kingdom Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent was received from all subjects.
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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- Lockie T, Ishida M, Perera D, Chiribiri A, De Silva K, Kozerke S, Marber M, Nagel E, Rezavi R, Redwood S, Plein S. High-resolution magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging at 3.0-Tesla to detect hemodynamically significant coronary stenoses as determined by fractional flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:70–5.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Biglands JD, Magee DR, Sourbron SP, Plein S, Greenwood JP, Radjenovic A. Comparison of the diagnostic performance of four quantitative myocardial perfusion estimation methods used in cardiac MR imaging. Radiol. 2015;275:393–402.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Papanastasiou G, Williams MC, Kershaw LE, Dweck MR, Alam S, Mirsadraee S, Connell M, Gray C, MacGillivray T, Newby DE, Semple SIK. Measurement of myocardial blood flow by magnetic resonance perfusion imaging: comparison of distributed parameter and Fermi models with single and dual bolus. J Cardiov Magn Reson. 2015;17:17.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Messroghli DR, Greiser A, Fröhlich M, Dietz R, Schulz-Menger J. Optimization and validation of a fully-integrated pulse sequence for modified look-locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) T1 mapping of the heart. J Magn Reson Im. 2007;26:1081–6.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Cerqueira MD, Weissman NJ, Dilsizian V, Jacobs AK, Kaul S, Laskey WK, Pennell DJ, Rumberger JA, Ryan T, Verani MS. Standardized Myocardial Segmentation and Nomenclature for Tomographic Imaging of the Heart: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2002;105:539–42.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Tonino PAL, De Bruyne B, Pijls NHJ, Siebert U, Ikeno F, van't Veer M, Klauss V, Manoharan G, Engstrom T, Oldroyd KG, Ver Lee PN, MacCarthy PA, Fearon WF. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:213–24.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Tonino PAL, Fearon WF, De Bruyne B, Oldroyd KG, Leesar MA, Ver Lee PN, MacCarthy PA, van"t Veer M, Pijls NHJ. Angiographic versus functional severity of coronary artery stenoses in the FAME study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:2816–21.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Larsson HBW, Fritz-Hansen T, Rostrup E, Søndergaard L, Ring P, Henriksen O. Myocardial perfusion modeling using MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1996;35:716–26.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44(3):837–45.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Costa MA, Shoemaker S, Futamatsu H, Klassen C, Angiolillo DJ, Nguyen M, Siuciak A, Gilmore P, Zenni MM, Guzman L, Bass TA, Wilke N. Quantitative magnetic resonance perfusion imaging detects anatomic and physiologic coronary artery disease as measured by coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(6):514–22.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Huber A, Sourbron S, Klauss V, Schaefer J, Bauner KU, Schweyer M, Reiser M, Rummeny E, Rieber J. Magnetic resonance perfusion of the myocardium: Semiquantitative and quantitative evaluation in comparison with coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve. Invest Radiol. 2012;47:332–8.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hajjiri MM, Leavitt MB, Zheng H, Spooner AE, Fischman AJ, Gewirtz H. Comparison of positron emission tomography measurement of adenosine-stimulated absolute myocardial blood flow versus relative myocardial tracer content for physiological assessment of coronary artery stenosis severity and location. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2009;2:751–8.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Danad I, Uusitalo V, Kero T, Saraste A, Raijmakers PG, Lammertsma AA, Heymans MW, Kajander SA, Pietila M, James S, Sorensen J, Knaapen P, Knuuti J. Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion in the Detection of Significant Coronary Artery Disease: Cutoff Values and Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative [15O]H2O PET Imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(14):1464–75.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Danad I, Raijmakers PG, Appelman YE, Harms HJ, de Haan S, van den Oever MLP, van Kuijk C, Allaart CP, Hoekstra OS, Lammertsma AA, Lubberink M, van Rossum AC, Knaapen P. Coronary risk factors and myocardial blood flow in patients evaluated for coronary artery disease: a quantitative [15O]H2O PET/CT study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:102–12.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kajander S, Joutsiniemi E, Saraste M, Pietila M, Ukkonen H, Saraste A, Sipila HT, Teras M, Maki M, Airaksinen J, Hartiala J, Knuuti J. Cardiac positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging accurately detects anatomically and functionally significant coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2010;22:603–13.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
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- Broadbent DA, Biglands JD, Larghat A, Sourbron SP, Radjenovic A, Greenwood JP, Plein S, Buckley DL. Myocardial blood flow at rest and stress measured with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: Comparison of a distributed parameter model with a fermi function model. Magn Reson Med. 2013;70:1591–7.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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text:
The Digital Ad Innovation Summit is the most exclusive gathering of business executives leading digital ad initiatives
(PRWEB) September 29, 2015
The digital world is growing; advertising opportunities are limitless. The tools available today allow advertisers to target the right audience and greatly increase ROI. Key themes for the upcoming summit include data-decision making, multi-channel platforms, social advertising and personalization.
Advertising is not a new topic. But digital advertising has only just come to fruition. With online becoming more and more targeted, segmented and personalized, the digital advertising space is moving onwards and upwards. Video advertising is one area receiving increased investment, and Vice President of Insight & Innovation at Discovery Communications is set to discuss just that with his presentation on 'Where is Digital Advertising Heading?' Todd Richards looks at where the industry is moving and how people are innovating to make this function work & optimize new technology.
As well as increasing audience and brand awareness, digital advertising poses a great revenue stream for media companies hosting the ad space. Mashable's Chief Revenue Officer, Seth Rogin, is set to chronicle how the company has been able to create ad tech in-house in order to better serve its brand partners and overall community. These products matched with Mashable's continued creativity and experimentation on new & emerging platforms have come together to form the foundation for a long lasting and diversified revenue portfolio.
'The Digital Ad Innovation Summit is the most exclusive gathering of business executives leading digital ad initiatives,' explains conference organizer, Nathan Meyer. 'This unique summit gathers specialized digital leaders in a discussion-led format over two days of learning & networking.'
For more information on the Digital Ad Innovation Summit, coming up in Chicago, check out the website here: http://theinnovationenterprise.com/summits/digital-ad-innovation-summit-chicago
Innovation Enterprise, a CFO Publishing company is an independent business-to-business multi-channel media brand focused on the information needs of Senior Finance, Operations, Analytics, Big Data, Strategy, Digital, Innovation & Sports executives. Products include IE.Summits, ieOnDemand, ieWebinars

subset: commoncrawl


text: April/May 2013 Archive Changes in orthodontic treatment modalities in the past 20 years: exploring the link between technology and scientific evidence T. Gerard Bradley BDS MS Address for correspondence: Dr T Gerard Bradley Professor and Chair, Developmental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, 1801 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA E: email@example.com) Précis Technology drives the market in orthodontics, with claims of better results in less time. Read More Prosthodontics at the crossroads: is this a 'golden age'? Brian O'Connell BDS MS PhD FACP FFD FTCD Professor of Restorative Dentistry Trinity College Dublin Congratulations to the Cork University Dental School on its first 100 years of dental education and service to the community. It is important to celebrate the achievement of the Dental School, which Read More Announcement of the Diploma in Primary Care Dentistry Committed to the pursuit of excellence in dentistry in Ireland, the Faculty of Dentistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) is delighted to announce the introduction of a new examination, the Diploma of Primary Care Dentistry (Dip PCD (RCSI)). The Diploma has been approved by the Read More Hygienist promotes child oral health Dental hygienist Kellie O'Shaughnessy, who is based in Ballina, Co. Mayo, is working with an innovative oral health programme for children – the Dental Den. "Our practice was seeing high levels of decay in children with poor oral hygiene, so we created a space that is non-clinical, Read More Accreditation for Irish graduate In November 2012 Dr Gillian Martin became the first woman to be accredited by the British Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry. This highly prestigious award is given in recognition of excellence in cosmetic dentistry. There are now only two Irish accredited members, the other being Dr Chris Orr. Read More Faculty of Dentistry RCSI ASM 2013 The Faculty of Dentistry RCSI is delighted to announce that its Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) 2013 will be held in Dublin on October 24 and 25, 2013. The title of this year's ASM is 'Surgical Aspects of Dental Practice', and the meeting will include lectures on dentoalveolar Read More Gathering in Galway This year's IDA Annual Conference returns to the Radisson Blu in Galway for three days of meeting colleagues, education and CPD and, of course, fun. Read More Social media In the latest in our series of articles from Dental Protection, JAMES FOSTER warns dentists of the need to be vigilant in their use of social media. Read More We are not a third world country The Honorary Editor, PROFESSOR LEO STASSEN, reflects on the contents of this edition. Read More Consultations and conferences In his last President's news for the Journal, DR ANDREW BOLAS sums up current events. Croke Park II The proposals for 'Croke Park II' represent a significant reduction in the terms and conditions for HSE dentists. While not a party to the talks, the Irish Dental Union Read More 12


text:
|Products | Applications | Services | News | Difference | About Us | Contact Us | Home
Shaffstall Products - Software-Other Software
Powerful Data Translation between UNIX and Mainframe Environments.
Many large data centers include both UNIX and mainframes in their environment and often need to share data between them. The REELexchangeTM software utility allows customers to easily interchange data between legacy and open systems, whether transferring information between in-house systems or between organizations. REELexchange recognizes all pertinent data center tape standards and translates tape data for use on UNIX platforms. Additionally, it enables UNIX applications to export data in tape formats that are readable by mainframe systems.
REELexchange is a trademark of SCH Technologies
- Main Product
- Software
- Software


text:
Valve set F00V C01 055 diesel fuel pump common rail injector valve set parts for bosch injector 0445 110 222/223
New product
In stock
Warning: Last items in stock!
Availability date:
Diesel Fuel Injector Valve Set Suit for bosch injector
Type fuel injector valve set Model No F00V C01 055 Suit Injector No 0445 110*** Packing Details 1 piece/box Shipping Way DHL,TNT,EMS,UPS,FEDEX, by Air Payment Terms Western Union, Paypal, T/T etc.
Other hot selling control valve FOOR J01 159 FOOR J02 067 FOOR J01 218 FOOR J02 130 FOOR J01 278 FOOR J02 213 FOOR J01 451 FOOR J02 266 FOOR J01 479 FOOR J02 454 FOOR J01 657 FOOV CO1 013 FOOR J01 683 FOOV CO1 334 FOOR J01 692 FOOV CO1 338 FOOR J01 704 FOOV CO1 346 FOOR J01 727 FOOV CO1 358 FOOR J01 865 FOOV CO1 359 FOOR J01 924 FOOV CO1 363 FOOR J02 103 FOOV CO1 365 FOOR J02 175 FOOV CO1 367 FOOR J02 466 FOOV CO1 368 FOOR J02 472 FOOV CO1 371 FOOR J02 806 FOOV CO1 383 FOOR J02 035 FOOV C01 022 FOOR J02 056 FOOV C01 023 FOOR J00 005 FOOV C01 033 FOOR J00 339 FOOV C01 038 FOOR J00 375 FOOV C01 044 FOOR J00 399 F00V C01 001 FOOR J00 420 F00V C01 007 FOOR J00 447 F00V C01 045 FOOR J00 834 F00V C01 051 FOOV CO1 003 F00V C01 054 FOOR J01 005 FOOR J01 329 FOOV CO1 015 FOOR J01 714 FOOV CO1 052 FOOR J01 747 FOOR J01 222 FOOR J01 819 F00R J01 334 FOOR J02 004 FOOR J01 428 FOOR J02 012 FOOR J01 895 FO O R J02 377 FOOR J01 941 FOOR J02 449 FOOR J02 005 FOOR J02 429
1,By sea or by air are both available in large quantity;
2,By international express company like TNT, DHL, FEDEX, EMS,UPS,ect. for small quantities.
3,One day arrive to your China agent in any city.
4,Shipment within 24 hours . Payment Item
1,T/T through bank account numbers both company and personals;
2,Western union or money gram;
3,Paypal; ESCROW;
4,Through Chinese agents. Company Profile
Our company is a leading manufacturer & supplier of marine spare parts & auto parts in China. At the same time, we have associated with hundreds of factories specialized in manufacturing all kinds of auto spare parts with high quality.
We have been supplying with all kinds of different auto parts which are suitable for Japanese vehicle, Korean vehicle, European vehicle, American vehicle and Chinese vehicle, etc. Our large exports enable us to achieve pricing advantages by leveraging our total sales volume. We know our hundreds of manufacturers very well. We also have studied the world market by exporting for many years. We have much experience in providing products with superior quality and the most competitive price for different world markets.
We hope we can do business with the people all over the world, and we believe who corporate with our company will have a good benefit. We will become your friendly and best sincere business partner in China.
Welcome your inquiry and any suggestion. We are moving with you because of your support!
Our Factory
The Exhibitions
Trading company:Shenyang Golden Vidar Machinery & Equipment Co., LTD Factory company: Donggang Weiyuan Fuel Injection Equipment Co.,LTD
|Item Width
|Special Features
|For diesel car
|Country/Region of Manufacture
|Made in China
|Interchange Part Number
|Brand Name
|Item Height
|Manufacturer Part Number
|Item Length
|Other Part Number
|Placement on Vehicle
|Diesel engine
|Item Weight
|Material Type
|Production name
|diesel fuel injector valve set
|Engine Type
|Diesel Fuel Pump Injection
|injector No.
|0445 110 series injector
|model no.
|100% test
|1 pc/box
|Delivery Date
|3-7 days send goods out
|Unit Type
|lot (4 pieces/lot)
|Package Weight
|0.408kg (0.90lb.)
|Package Size
|18cm x 10cm x 6cm (7.09in x 3.94in x 2.36in)


text:
Standard Snack Table Ebony Stain
Solid Oak Standard Snack Table,easily
folds for storage, hold up to 300 pounds of weight, great multi purpose
table for the home and business, perfect height for a chair and stool,
living room furniture, or patio furniture.
A great gift idea!
Solid Oak
Ebony Stain
Tung Oil Finish
Size: 15Wx24Lx25 H


text:
Are you a small business owner and looking for best invoice template? Here is a creative invoice template for you. This freebie comes in illustrator file format. You can easily edit the file and enlarge graphic elements without loosing their size as well as their quality. The design of this invoice template is very clean, simple and modern for any type of business. Don't hire any best freelancer while you can enjoy this freebie on your own. This free illustrator invoice template will help you to create your invoice very quick and easy. You can change image, text and color very quickly. Matt Dayton is the author of this invoice template and he provides free print template designs every week.
Download Simple and Creative Invoice Template
November 11, 2016
1 Min Read
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text: URGENT NOTE FROM ANNA: URGENT NOTE FROM ANNA: The most urgent thing people need to do besides cleaning up their own political status records is organize their county and state jural assemblies. The national level quorum is growing and will soon be able to redress grievances at a national level. HOW TO FIND PEOPLE IN YOUR AREA The National Assembly Thursday night conference call is at nine o'clock p.m., EST, 1-712-770-4160, access code 226823#. First hour is assembly roll call and business. The second hour is general chat and education. For those who have not participated in your county and state assembly but want to participate please send an email to email@example.com with your state in the subject line. You will be connected with your state coordinator. The national assembly has a full website and forums packed with history and information. You are welcome to register and participate. National Assembly Website: https://national-assembly.net/ National Assembly Forums: http://forums.national-assembly.net/ DeFacto to DeJure handbook: http://national-assembly.net/index.php/handbook The old website 1stmichiganassembly.net and the hotline phone number are now obsolete and no longer used. The Michigan General Jural Assembly created and supported the national level assembly website and conference call for the people to return to self governing. Paul Stramer Eureka Montana USA 800 889 2839 email@example.com PO Box 116 Eureka Montana 59917 USA Share this:Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Related


text: Since bursting onto the fashion scene in 2006, Henry Holland has become renowned for his ultra-quirky, tongue-in-cheek collections of slogan T-shirts, party dresses and must-have accessories. With their playful, youthful sensibility, the British designer's creations have become a firm favourite of London fashionistas and city girls worldwide. Give punchy attitude to your outfits with the latest collections of House of Holland jewellery. From vintage-inspired rings to witty slogan necklaces, these designs will bring your look right up to date.


text:
In Intellectual Property News… August 2016
The world of intellectual property can be alternately straightforward or complex, entertaining or laborious.
Here is a round up of a little bit of all of the above for this month of August 2016. Enjoy! Have questions? Reach out: email@example.com or 404-900-6881.
Grocery store chain Whole Foods Market (@WholeFoods) received an initial refusal for "World's Healthiest Grocery Store" — a trademark filed as an intent-to-use application. The intent-to-use filing basis means Whole Foods not started to use it yet, but they have a bona fide intention to do so within the next 3-4 years. The trademark examining attorney rejected the application on the basis that the applied-for mark is "merely descriptive" of the services Whole Foods provides; it "merely describes a feature or characteristic of applicant's services." (See http://tsdr.uspto.gov/documentviewer?caseId=sn87081682&docId=OOA20160716084446#docIndex=0&page=1; http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/smack-talk-whole-foods-quest-to-be-93016/)
Crazy Horse isn't just the memorial that might never be finished out in South Dakota (https://crazyhorsememorial.org/). The "Crazy Horse" name has been at the center of a lawsuit involving the assignment of a valid co-existence agreement, amid and among businessmen who own and operate strip clubs in Las Vegas. (See http://www.natlawreview.com/article/crazy-horse-trademark-still-going-crazy-las-vegas)
The Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) got a bit of a wrist slap from the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on a case in which the central issue was "whether the [patent] claims are restricted to file-level restoration or are broad enough also to cover block-level restoration."
PTAB denied the plaintiff's motion to amend … for, well, no good reason apparently. "We set aside the Board's action if it is "arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law…. We do not see how the Board could reasonably demand more from Veritas in this case." The Federal Circuit remanded the case to require the PTAB to address the patentability of proposed substitute claims.(See http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/opinions-orders/15-1894.Opinion.8-26-2016.1.PDF)
Ponder this: Your patent might issue, but that doesn't mean it can't be challenged by a third party, post grant.
NAVEL. What does this word call to mind? Our belly buttons? Our "mid-section"? According to @igornaming, NAVEL works with " ideas of mother-child connection, core strengthening and Buddhism" for a coming-soon, post-natal clothing line. "And it had to be a single-word name available to trademark – no small feat in the crowded clothing category." (See https://igorinternational.com/blog/2016/08/25/navel-yoga-wear-our-latest-naming-work/) As of today, it appears that Navel LLC does not have a trademark application on file, so it remains to be seen whether the name will be "available" to trademark in the future. Back in the late 1990s, there was in fact a trademark application for the mark NAVEL in the clothing category. It went abandoned due to failure to file a statement of use.Share


text:
What a joy to learn all the goodies sbt brings to the table and be given a chance to apply it right away to commercial projects in Scala!
I've recently been assigned to a task to create a solution to share common settings across projects in a multi-project build in a Scala project managed by sbt. With the new feature of sbt - autoplugins - it was very easy to implement from the day one.
The solution = project/CommonSettingsPlugin.scala
import sbt._
import Keys._
object CommonSettingsPlugin extends AutoPlugin {
override def trigger = allRequirements
override lazy val projectSettings = Seq(
organization := "io.deepsense",
version := "0.1.0",
scalaVersion := "2.11.6",
scalacOptions := Seq(
"-unchecked", "-deprecation", "-encoding", "utf8", "-feature",
"-language:existentials", "-language:implicitConversions"
Since the autoplugin is automatically triggered for all the projects in the multi-project build –
override def trigger = allRequirements – all the projects have
scalacOptions set. No other work is needed.
Simple and easy, and, what's tracked under another issue, Jenkins should now be able to execute
coverageReport and
coverageAggregate without troubles for the project!
As a bonus, you don't have to change anything in your sbt project to leverage the simplicity - just drop the code as
project/CommonSettingsPlugin.scala and do
show scalaVersion. From that moment on, all the (sub)projects in your multi-project build should have the same
scalaVersion (unless you use a separate
build.sbt for a project and set
scalaVersion explicitly).
Lessons learnt
The initial mistake was to create a separate sbt project just to keep the autoplugin's code.
From the very first day of the plugin's life it was so much different from the other projects in the build – it almost yelled out in pain at me not to place it where it was initially. It was a sbt plugin and as such it only meant to enhance sbt itself (not be a part of the commercial project).
What's even worse, up to the latest version of sbt 0.13.8 all plugins (are doomed to) use Scala 2.10.4 that's an issue for sbt-scoverage plugin as it kept refusing to work with the version of Scala.
All in all, I seemed reluctant for a long time to have even thought of a better place for the plugin even though I had actually known it.
A few discussions on gitter on the sbt channel made my day after the very helpful and nice people from the channel lent me a helping hand to find the final solution - the autoplugin went under
project and…my live was so much bright again!
What was later pointed out to me when we discussed the change in the team, the final solution was a mere 24 line removal (!)
It got
+2 from a teammate and has been merged to
master without much hussle.
p.s. Shhh, the team thinks it was just me to have figured it out myself.


text:
The structure of argumentative writing makes the provided evidence still more effective; engage enough proofs and you'll convince anyone.
1 – Introduction
You can only talk on the topic in general in the introductory paragraph of the argumentative essay for here you are to allow the reader become acquainted with the offered theme in the manner provoking interest. The first sentence is the most valuable in this concern. Let it sound like a shot in silence.
1.1 – General introductory words
Traditionally in this part of the assignment where the author dwells in general on the chosen topic letting the audience gets the essence and the aim of the work.
1.2 – Arguments
TIn this part of the arguement essay the author clarifies the significance of the topic which includes mentioning additional persuasive information. This paragraph should contain the investigated details on the topic.
1.3 – Argumentative essay thesis
It is a key moment of argumentative essays which should be deliberately formed for the inappropriate statement can reduce to zero the chances to convince the reader.
2 – Author arguments presentation
In this paragraph of the arguementative essays the writer announce the claims supplied by the evidence. The number of claims can vary, but the demand is that the manner of the argument development should be convincing.
A claim is an utterance following your argument which should be proved by the proper evidence. The evidential base need to be a trustworthy piece of work including facts, numbers, years, authors of quotations, resources, etc. To get the consent of the audience as for the statement the writer has to provide enough evidence. Explain in what way and why the described facts prove thesis. The author (or his/ her teacher) should choose himself the right amount in particular case. The idea is that the amount of claims and facts in sum should make up a sufficient body of evidence.
3 – Confute the opponent's arguments
Choose several conflicting views of the described problem and prove their falseness by the substantial evidence base (from one to several paragraphs in regard to the size of the writing in whole). Profound, deliberate, striking evidence is needed in this part of the writing assignment.
4 – Conclusion
The aim of this chapter is to turn the attention of the audience to the discussed topic and its urgency which resembles the introductory paragraph of the assignment, but the difference is that here you are to strengthen the deliverance.
4.1 – State the problem
IPoint out the importance of the idea appealing to the mentioned above details, bundles of provided evidence, and rational mind.
4.2. – Describe the situation of your argument being excepted (or vice versa)
Describe the situation of the implementation of the idea (or rejection) in bright colors. Finish the description with a firm statement as if this idea has already come into effect.
Argumentative essay on education gained ground these days. The short form of argumentive writing and the complex one are equally interesting types of assignments requiring profound research and the skill in the turning of phrases. To engage the reader the writer himself should manifest the engagement. If you are not sure whether you sound professional and engaged in the determined topic our essay writing service is always at our disposal. In case you have some questions you can find answers in FAQ chapter. Or contact us anytime. Our professional staff and qualified customer support will help you to write and deliver the best argumentation essay whatever the topic and the due day are. Buy argumentative essay on beneficial terms!


text:
There are many methods to extend your network both Wired Network and Wireless Network. I would like to describe Two Methods in this blog.
- Extending using Dynamic IP method [Part 1]
- Extending using Relay method
- Using DHCP Relay [Part 2]
- Using DNS Relay [Part 3]
B) Extending network using DHCP Relay
1) Router 1 is having internet throught ONT and you want to extend your wire and wireless connection.
2) Router 2 should be also broadband router. Router 2 will relay the DHCP IP Addresses from Router 1 to its local network.
3) Let's do the case study with examples
a) Connect Router 1 and ONT using PPPoE method (default broadband connection used to provide internet connection)
b) Connect any LAN port of Router 2 to the LAN port of Router 1
- Login to the router
- Connect your PC to the Aztech router
- Open internet explorer, type http://192.168.1.1
- User admin as user and admin as password (or without password)
- Setup
- Go to Advance > WAN Interface > Quick Setup or any connection name appearing after the option Connection Scan
- Click on Delete button to remove and WAN Interface > Save Settings
- Go to Basic > LAN Configuration
- Define router ip address, give host name, give router 1 IP address as Domain
- select DHCP Relay option
- Click Apply then Click Save settings
- Manage your wifi name and wifi security in Wireless Link


text:
Leif Ove Andsnes
Jean Sibelius
Björken (The Birch), 5 pieces for piano Op. 45
Impromptu from Six Bagatelles for piano, Op. 97
Rondino II for piano in C sharp Minor, Op. 68
Der Hirt (The Shepard) from Ten Pieces for piano, Op. 58
Romance from Ten Pieces for piano, Op. 24
Jörg Widmann
Idyll und Abgrund. Six Schubert-Reminiscences (Idyllic and Abyss).
Six reminiscences from Schubert for piano
Franz Schubert
Three pieces for piano, D. 946
Ludwig van Beethoven
Piano Sonata no. 17 in D minor, op. 31 no. 2 Tempest
Fryderyk Chopin
Nocturne for piano in B major, Op. 62 no. 1
Ballade for piano no. 1 in G minor, Op. 23
The Norwegian pianist Leif Ove Andsnes – defined by the "New York Times" as a "master of elegance, power and introspection" – recently made a very successful appearances as a soloist in Mozart's piano concertos with the Norwegian Chamber Orchestra, as a partner in Schubert's great Lieder cycles (Winterreise and Schöne Müllerin) alongside Matthias Goerne and performing duos with fellow pianist Marc-André Hamelin. In Lugano, he will present a solo recital shared between rediscoveries (works by Sibelius, the father of Scandinavian music) and contemporary music (Schubert reminiscences by one of the greatest contemporary composers, Jörg Widmann), without forgetting the classics of Romanticism: Beethoven's Sonata in D minor "The Tempest" and Chopin's Ballade No 1 in G minor, which Liszt had defined as "A soul's odyssey".


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Capturing the world, one image at a time…
Mel Again
23 07 17 23:37 Filed in:
Had the great pleasure of shooting this sweet family down at Oceanside Pier. Only had to contend with a thousand people. And weird windy weather. And a bevy of other photographers. All good! Came out nicely. Michael helped of course. And the sweet baby was a doll. This was our fifth shoot with this family. Always sweet. See


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|Mod. HELENE 1005
Helene stackable, linking and fireproof chairs, available in many colors, with or without arms and writing tablet.
In the different series, Helene seats can be placed perfectly in community environment (waiting rooms and reception halls), office (with wheels and mechanic elevation), school (small medium large versions) and waiting area (modular bench).


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Maybe We Have A War At LastThe enemy has changed tactics. Al Qaeda has in the past week blown up a holy site of Shia Islam and attacked a large Saudi oil complex. Changes of tactic which are overdue and may work really well for Al Qaedas stated aims.
The attack in Iraq has seriously dented the progress to democracy and promoted religious division. For the past 2 years Al Qaeda (a violent Sunni group) has been attempting to create division with attacks on Shia weddings and Shia markets and Shia queues. These attacks have merely caused a ripple of antagonism and in turn a response of Shia run death squads against Sunni (including Al Qaeda) - a conflict the Shia in Iraq were bound to win. These prior attacks lacked profile, were a background noise and people can get used to anything if it is kept at a constant level. Al Qaeda needed something like this, it defines the difference between the Shia who cry for vengeance and the Sunni who will be innocent victims of reprisal. It is a masterstroke of a tactic.
The attack on the Saudi oil refinery is a very surprising. This attack makes it seem Al Qaeda might actually be serious, for until this point Al Qaeda has fought the most pathetic rebellion possible. They have shouted of ridding the Muslim world of Western influence, but left unscathed the only thing in the Muslim world that the West gives a damn about. They talked of overthrowing the venal, corrupt regimes of the Gulf, but attacked foreigners and peasants who are of no consequence to these regimes. These actions are like those of the old time Klan in the Southern USA - illegal but not even slightly anti-regime. This prior behaviour makes Al Qaeda false revolutionaries, but a successful attack against the oil industry would actually make the West and the regimes hurt.
If Al Qaeda is truly serious (yet to be determined) and can provoke civil war in Iraq and hurt the oil industry in the Gulf then a war, a clash of civilisations, is on.


text:
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text:
UPDATE: Gardai search area in Chapelizod for missing Naas man Trevor Deely
More information due to be released today
File photo: Trevor Deely
Gardai are currently carrying out a search in an area of land in South Dublin in connection with the disappearance of Naas man Trevor Deely 17 years ago. The site search is focused on an area on the Old Lucan Road in Chapelizod, Dublin 20.
Mr Deely disappeared on his way home from a work Christmas party in the early hours of December 8, 2000.
Earlier this year, a €100,000 reward was offered for information which would lead to the solution to the Kildare man's disappearance.
New CCTV footage was also released last April which revealed a black-clad figure acting suspiciously, and then carrying out a conversation with Mr Deely, as he arrived at his workplace at Wilton Terrace in the early hours of the morning he vanished. Mr Deely had called into work to pick up an umbrella for a walk home.
Gardai are due to hold a further media briefing this lunchtime into the disappearance of Mr Deely.
TREVOR DEELY LATEST: Gardai searching three-acre woodland site beside river in Chapelizod in missing Kildare man case


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At least 20 persons have died and more than 150,000 people have been affected due to the adverse weather conditions prevailing in Sri Lanka for nearly a week. Two people are missing and another 10 persons have been injured.
According to the latest update from the Disaster Management Center (DMC) 153,712 persons belonging to 40,017 families have been affected due to the heavy pre-monsoon rains across Sri Lanka in 19 districts,
The prevailing disaster situation in the country has displaced 55,553 persons from 14,265 families and they have been provided shelter in 265 safe locations.
A total of 105 houses were fully damaged and 4,708 houses have been partially damaged
According to DMC, 155 small and medium enterprises and 68 critical infrastructures have been damaged due to the adverse weather.
Department of Irrigation has indicated that flooding levels of several major river levels are currently receding as of Saturday morning and showing normal levels in many stations. However, Kalu Ganga, Maha-Oya, Attanagalu-Oya are at flood level due to continuous rains during last 72 hours, the DMC reported.
Due to the soil-moisture saturation in many hilly areas the National Building Research Organization (NBRO) has not lifted the landslide threat issued for Kegalle, Kalutara, Galle, Ratnapura, and Nuwara-Eliya.


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My 5 Favorite Video Games For The Nintendo GameCube
Man, remember the GameCube? What a solid little system. When everyone else was buying Xbox 360s and PS3s, all my college roommate and I had and could afford was our little purple GameCube. I'll tell you what though, it served us well while saving up for the newest generation of consoles.
Here are my 5 favorite games for the GameCube.
The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker
"Simply a stunning, magical game." – Eurogamer
"The navigation, the combat, the dungeons, the characters, and the peril you must face as that young elf boy in green are all fantastic." – DarkStation
"Do not let the visual style put you off, you'll soon warm to it like everybody I've ever seen who's taken one look at the game. However more importantly the gameplay is the definition of perfection." – Total Video Games
Metroid Prime
"It oozes with so much addictiveness that the storyline plays second fiddle and reminds you of a time when gameplay was an integral part of gaming. Put simply, this is one of the best games I have played in a long, long time." – Into Liquid Sky
"The sense of being Samus is really found in the details. With just the right flash of light or glare against the visor, a thin, hazy reflection of Samus can be seen against the inner glass. It's quite cool… A fantastic, top-notch effort." – Game Revolution
"The best game to hit any system in the past few years. No game has captivated me more or been more fun than Metroid Prime in a very long time." – Gaming Age
Soul Calibur II
"For the vast majority of the gaming world, this is quite easily the best 3D beat 'em up ever made." – Eurogamer
"The absolute best fighting game available on the GameCube." – NintendoWorldReport
"A noticeable step forward in the evolution of the genre. "Virtua Fighter 4″ might hold the top spot among hand-to-hand fighters, but when it comes to weapons-based combat, Soul Calibur II is the undisputed champion." – Yahoo!
Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem
"From cover to cover this game was full of originality." – GamePen
"It's the best game on the GameCube and the best game I've played in a very long time." – Gaming Age
"What Eternal Darkness might lack in top-notch graphics it more than makes up for with fantastic gameplay and spine-chilling atmosphere." – XenGamers
Mario Kart: Double Dash
"Yeah, we'll say it: Mario Kart: Double Dash is the most fun you'll have with a game this year. And probably next year. And maybe even the year after that." – GMR Magazine
"There are dozens of dazzling tracks, and the play gets fast, manic and difficult, but somehow always retains a magically fun ingredient." – Stuff
"The gameplay remains fast and furious, and the simple controls do a masterful job of literally keeping you on track. The interplay between the characters in two-player mode is particularly impressive." – GamePro
What are some of your favorite games for the GameCube? Let me know in the comments!
#My 5 Favorite Video Games For The Nintendo GameCube


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See how I styled this military jacket!
I love my green military jacket! It is perfect for this transitional fall weather! :] I purchased these combat boots from Payless believe it or not! I bought them about a year and a half ago and wear them all the time – they are super comfortable and seem to go with anything and everything fall! Gingham has been a huge hit this fall! I found this scarf at Kohl's and loved how light it was. Living in Texas fall doesn't necessarily mean cold weather for us! But we still like to dress with fall accessories. I have several light-weight scarfs that I use to give my outfit a little bit more seasonal flair! :)
Military Jacket – Forever 21
Gingham Scarf – Kohls
Bangles – Kohls
Combat Boots – Payless


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29 Feb #AskSimplus Ep 19: Agile Accelerator
#AskSimplus Ep 19: Agile Accelerator
Welcome to another episode of the #AskSimplus show, where we answer your #Salesforce questions.In episode 19, Salesforce Project Manager David Whartenby (@dwhartenby) answers the following questions about Agile Accelerator:
1. What is it?
2. How does it differ from competitors?
3. What are some of the key features of it?
If you have questions on the best app to manage your Agile development in Salesforce, this episode is for you. Agile Accelerator may just be the next best thing for your business.
Have your own Salesforce Question? You can ask us by:
1. Enter it in the comments below
2. Tweet us @SimplusNow #AskSimplus
3. Email us directly at [email protected]
Be sure to follow us for each week's episodes!
Twitter: @Simplusnow #AskSimplus
Facebook: facebook.com/simplusnow
LinkedIn: linkedin.com/company/simplus
Website: www.simplus.com


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Hint: Contact by using the nickname menu:
*Dayak* of International Justice for Peace and Fun
Community medals
|House name
International Justice for Peace and Fun
Sat 03/05/1910
|109 Years, Basic member
Zodiac sign
Chinese signs
Dog, Metal
the Hague Europe
|School or Company
|Interests and Portrayal
about my forefather
see for a better info with pictures and links in into the website above in here ..
have fun to read it about my ancestor
text below is translated by babylon program
instal the toolbar if needed
http://www.google.com/intl/nl/help/faq_translation.html this is for the dutch people to use
<toolbar installatie is ook hulpzaam by andere site vertalingen
info over myn voorvaders met inken en fotos zie de website hier boven
veel plezier met het lezen over mn groot/bet ~~overgrootvader
the text hieronder is vertaald door babylon programma
A e-mail to send to Aad? Its e-mail address is firstname.lastname@example.com
(click on this text to open mail voorgeadresseerde) To angel French fries overview
Johan of of the Veeken/Veken (1549-1616)
On Johan of of the Veeken/Veken someone has ever gone up, Aad would have wanted gladly write that book himself…., because Johan of of the Veeken/Veken have been indeed very important for both Rotterdam and the Rotterdamse chamber of the VOC.
But read just as, which Johan now those of of the Veeken/Veken have been:
Johan of of the Veeken/Veken
And in the rest of the tale we write Johan of of the Veeken and no Johan of of the Veken….
Johan of of the Veeken were no born Rotterdammer, but an immigrant from Mechelen, who established himself after some years in Antwerp to have lived, in 1583 in Rotterdam.
Its father was a rich herring merchant in Mechelen and its brother Hendrik was huidevetter or learning tanner of profession. Hendrik left rather than Johan to the north. After in Mechelen the burgomaster office to have held he acted already in 1575 as a burgomaster of pine Briel. In 1586 he was registered as a poorter of Rotterdam.
Johan of of the Veeken left to Antwerp in 1583, probably because he saw the belegering and dispossession coming of the city to the Spaniards in 1585, to. (RISKY)
According to another source Johan of of the Veeken left town governing board from Antwerp because of intolerantly calvinistic Antwerpens .....
27 augusts 1585
Parma march in Antwerp
Parma sit on the white horse on the bridge exactly for the town gateway of Antwerp
To coin beaten during the Beleg of Antwerp
Alexander Farnese, duke of Parma
1543 - 1592
son of the country guardian Margaretha of Parma
As rich a merchant, shipowner and banker he took a prominent position in Rotterdam already rapidly. To be trade interests were worldwide.
In Pruisische king mounts he bought for example wood, wheat and flax that he in Bordeaux and in Vianen, Viana Castelo in Portugal to do, sold. Also he sent many ship with grain to Genua and Venice then the grain prices strongly in Italy by large shortages lanes. Moreover he took part in the haringhandel this way in that time important.
The trade activities of Johan of of the Veeken did not remain restricted to Europe. To be ships also sailed to Guinea, West-Indië and Peru and as one of the first Dutch he had been interested in the trade on Oost-Indië. In 1598 he, as it happens, cofinancer of a forwarding of five ships was reach which by means of the state of Magallanes Oost-Indië tried. In spite of the failure of this excursion remained of of the Veeken at Oostindische the trade involved and in 1602, at the establishment of the VOC he was appointed as bewindhebber.
Rekenpenning of Johan of of the Veeken
Except shipowner and merchant was of of the Veeken also banker and moneylender, among other things for Staten-Generaal, the states of the Netherlands and for the country lawyer Johan van Oldenbarnevelt.
Its wealth became apparent among other things in the superb house that he in Rotterdam to the Hoogstraat let build and in the lusciousness Capelle to that he in 1612 bought the IJssel and Nieuwerkerk.
In Capelle he let accelerate an entirely new castle in the area of the old lock with torens, ditches and drawbridges.
Johan of of the Veeken's lock Capelle, rebuilt in 1612
more later property of Aegidius Groeninx
Quotation from this tale:
These rich and distinguished and Johan of of the Veeken, very important for development of Rotterdam, let build therefore to the Hoogstraat this house:
The house to the Hoogstraat of Johan of of the Veeken
in 1870 by a grandson of Carlo Giovanni Francesco Jan, signed Giudici
of the most important town construction masters of Rotterdam
The daughter-in-law of Carlo Giovanni Francesco Giudici this ex-huis van Johan had inherited of of the Veeken with its brother in 1826.
The same house, but then in 1890,
called in the walk the house with the eagle
That eagle been notable? That is weapon of the Hoogheemraadschap Schieland, introduced in 1624, double the eagle that we can find also now still above the entrance of the current Schielandshuis.
Double the eagle above the entrance of the current Schielandshuis
Double the eagle is the weapon of the Hoogheemraadschap Schieland
During the visit of Napoleon to Rotterdam, Napoleon thereby Napoleon stayed immediately this double eagle in the Schielandshuis, were notable, we return on this still…
Johan of of the Veeken never member of the Vroedschap has become because he remained Roman Catholic. At the lock of Capelle he aimed for example a large room as catholic church in and were regulated there thanks to him in Rotterdam catholic services kept.
Of of the Veeken died in 1616 in Rotterdam. At its burial the bell no less than eleven and a half hour were sounded. A worthy farewell of a man who had contributed much to economic flourishes of Rotterdam.
On our site we have also still this concerning sounding the bells of Saint Laurenskerk:
When the verbouwing to sepulchre vault has had, with certainty it has not been confessed. There is however reason this change to lord attribute Jan van Assendelft, a cousin of aforesaid lord Gerrit.
Van Jan van Assendelft has been, as it happens, confessed that Jan van Assendelft as was a first of its line here for the stede resident. Also is certain that Jan van Assendelft in was buried 1618 in Rotterdam, blijkens the accounts of church masters, who mention:
Myn lord of Cralingen 7 uuren beluyt.
For the lord of Kralingen with their own sepulchre vault in Saint Laurenskerk therefore only 7 hours were sounded, a half-measure for the importance of Johan of of the Veeken or not sometimes?
On our site we have also still a tale concerning the catholics during the 80 person whose birthday it is war in Rotterdam, a small quotation:
In 1632 it a convinced Calvinist, even succeeded who still someone was convert member of the vroedschap of Rotterdam, to Catholicism, the complete city spoke. Dr. Johan Bontius, zoo was called the man, remained as a matter of fact ordinary member of the vroedschap already no longer took part he in the common supper….
A year later had the missionary escape go into hiding by means of a roof window and could in the house of the Protestant neighbour man….wrong then a spell was at night dedicated….
As from 1643 one behaved oneself always more tolerant, what becomes clear established from this fancy bit prose by the Rotterdamse bailiff on behalf of a charge of the court of the Netherlands in The Hague, for what aktiever to be in the detection of Rotterdamse catholics:
lck and can do not think that YOU Ed. many gefondeerde clachten of wege onse stadt voorcomen. lck have se t voorleden jaer verscheyden grind ontdeckt, the celebrities several grind voorde Ed. Heeren schepenen sent for, ende against haer geconcludeert according to the placcaten….
We do gestadich delvoir pay attention to haer; sy clagen seer that se in gheen cities less vrijdom have stadt as in onse. lck hebbe the habit, when ick eenighe meeting ontdecke, vandaer before to stride, se all those daer not and living, sijn vertrocken. YOU Ed. please to trust, if we of eenighe meeting know cunnen, onse schuldighe duty wimps do not do keep, maer and cunnen haer sodanich that se, now off do not keep then, at night and t'ontijde, eenighe bijeencomst; sij souden gescadich stiltwachten, ommer sij sijn in wese…
YOU Ed. dienstwillige nastier capacity, the bailiff for the stede of Rotterdam
Now we know that them it made also quite fur in The Hague himself however:
In 1650 Cornelis Musch, clerk of Staten-Generaal died. Not only a complete system of corruption fell with the death of Cornelis Musch in each other, also appeared that Cornelis Musch had deserved grof to catholics who him, Cornelis Musch, with bribes had provided to get w.o. to no charge with niet-katholieke the authorities which of incorruptible dear Staten-Generaal….
And of course we have a tale concerning the first Protestants in Rotterdam on our site also: RISKY
But concerning Johan of of the Veeken is tell of course still much more, for example Johan of of the Veeken, established over in 1993 by the municipality the Rotterdam, Penning and the bust of Johan of of the Veeken to the outside wall of the town hall on the Coolsingel, to start with this last:
Quotation from this tale:
We made of course also a beautiful environment photograph of the splendid town hall, with Right the picture of Van Oldenbarnevelt and left of Hugo large, which was that, can you find in this tale:
To hang out the flag we let us can see, however, that is Rotterdam in 2001 cultural capital of Europe. The town hall has been again cleaned for and has been again sandblasted.
Above the balcon on the above town hall photograph you 5 can discover framed accounts with in the middle:
Johan of of the Veeken
During the construction of the town hall (1909 - 1921) the proposal came a number of boasted perpetuate Rotterdammers above the balcon in 1916, the choice fell incl on era sparrow, Pieter the Hoogh and…. Johan of of the Veeken.
The sculptor E. of of the Tuuk got the task to making the head of Johan of of the Veeken. The man who had insisted to give a call centre to Johan of of the Veeken was archivist Wiersum.
Town archivist E. Wiersum
1904 - 1935
In 1993, decided the municipal authorities from Rotterdam to the annual distribution of a penning with deed for persons who deserving have made themselves at the promotion of the economic activity in Rotterdam.
Initially it was thought of spending Pieter Caland Penning, but unfortunately, which did the foundation port interests already.
Pieter Caland
1826 - 1902
And it was the archivist of Rotterdam which, correct, Johan of of the Veeken presented and therefore the next argumentation in the municipality Council were discussed:
Of of the Veeken became approx. 1549 in Antwerp born, and established themselves in November 1583 in Rotterdam. In our city he was to a great extent active in trade and shipping. Thus he the municipal authorities at the foundation of grant, put he recommended line services on to European ports, provided he capital for trade excursions to America and the spice districts of Oost-Indië, was he driver of the VOC and occupied himself he with the shipping to Guinea, Peru and West-Indië. Finally he had been involved in the diplomatic activities addressed at the relay of the debts of the republic to the English crown. Summarising a considerable of of the Veeken in its time in Rotterdam citizen was who has given much impetus to trade and industry and moreover confessed stood as philantroop.
The design of the Johan of of the Veeken Penning, Draagspeld and deed was made Ninaber van Eijben, of course also the currency of Johan of of the Veeken on the Penning endures:
Stabilis Fortuna Merenti
The luck is durable for which it deserves
Curiously what the currency of Oldenbarnevelt, were ex-pensionaris of Rotterdam?
Nil Scire Tutissisma Fides
Nothing knows the most safe belief is
Oldenbarnevelt in the wall of the town hall of Rotterdam
appeared after 13 May 1619, the decapitation of Oldenbarnevelt and other protagonists
Oldenbarnevelt, knight, lord of Berkel and Rodenrys
Johannes Uyt pine Boogaart, indicated preacher of Zn. Excel. (Maurits)
Hugo Grotius, Pensionaris of the Stat Rotterdam
Rombout van Hoogerbeets, Raedsheer and Pensionaris of the Stat Leyden
Gillis van Ledenberg, secretary of the Heeren states of Utrecht
Adolf van Wael, lord of wrecking mount
And of course of it also a text on the oorkonde at the Johan of the Veeken Penning belonging appears:
Johan of of the Veeken: the man who from the Southern The Netherlands more Rotterdammer come than the Rotterdammers became and energetic for the well-being of city and country worked with eye for trade, banking and industry. Its currency sounded:
Stabilis Fortuna Merenti
The luck is durable for which it deserves
This currency apply on them should which has made himself, in imitation of Johan of of the Veeken, as such deserving for the economic well-being of Rotterdam that they are distinguished with the penning which is name carries.
And of course comes of it still much more concerning Johan of the Veeken .....
For example the tale concerning the small estate founded by Johan of of the Veeken
We got the following reaktie:
Come with much leesplezier on your site. Not yet everything gone through but nevertheless a question. I am employee of museum of remunerations, of remunerations the founder chamber digs Rotterdam. A question, in a book found I this text:
From the kept certificates, which speak of all kinds of matter, one sees that the insurances were very important him. The chance wants that the oldest policy, which kept remained, by him op3 September 1615 with f 1000, - was signed. It concerned a ship of Balthasar of of the Veeken - captain Marten Claessen from Ilpendam that of Cyprus to Amsterdam would sail.
Balthasar of of the Veeken died in 1616 and in the papers of its heritage the policy remained kept. Question 1 you have encountered also something concerning Balthasar of of the Veeken and is a lot intrigued what me where that policy would be itself?
Groet Annette Fehrmann
Unfortunately have we only find have been possible that Balthasar of of the Veeken are no family of Johan of of the Veeken, therefore which help our further????
what is we proud on our family weapon…., smattering jealously certain….
Towards the top
Charge update:
18 March 2006
:Nicknamein Real Life /First Name
|Joop in dutch but for English readers is John the best to use
|The Hague ... the goverment city of the netherlands Europe
:Left handed
|naaa might be in some cases ... lol
:Blood Type
|o positief red and HOT to
|i am no longer in a hurry ... lol
|of course i got them
|a dog ... but not as in my shield now .. he did past
:Social status
|free as a bird to fly to all ....lol
:Social class
|do you care to know that ???
|mmm it depends how you would seen that
|Mental Status
|positief minded of course
|no idea but not low i know ... smiles
|a few i .....
|meaning ??
|i always met no good ladies on my roof ... lol
|Always worry
|to never find the right one
|Thoughts First Waking Up
|where did i lost my glasses
|Are you a Health Freak
|not at all
|Member News
|This is what I like best about moove online
|My opinion
|To meet and make new friends ,who also wil be honest in their chats to..
In this old but famous 3d chat program i know from around 1997
as ROSE named i was in basic
I still like it .... Its the best 3D chat in a lot of years I found
Found completly me love in here to , on the internet some 10 years or longer
And liked to stay by her to forever
I ♥ MOOVE and my Lady Mysticmoon in here to
but DISLIKE a other Aussie Ladie i met in other programs
|For me
Come and visit me! Just click here and become my friend on moove online!


text:
Scania launched the strongest marine engines
More power! Higher fuel efficiency! Less installation space! More convenient service! Most Scania marine engines has finally been born.
It is reported that Sweden Scania company recently held a media briefing in the Stockholm Archipelago, launched its new V8 marine engine. New V8 engine uses XPI high pressure fuel injection technology, the maximum power up to 1150 HP, became Scania's most powerful engine.
It is understood that the new V8 Scania marine engines for boats up to 1150 HP of power. Not only that, the new engine improved not only in power, and power equipment package installation takes up less space, and therefore more easy to engine replacement. Into XPI fuel injection technology will help save costs, compared with the previous generation V8, low cost 5%.


text:
- Journey overland to Monywa and the colourful Thanboddhay Pagoda
- Witness a Buddhist novitiation ceremony at Mokehtaw
- Tuk tuk excursion to the Buddha Lotus Garden in Homalin
- Tour of Mingun and the Mahar Min Kyaung Monastery
This leisurely cruise follows the Chindwin River through rugged and dramatic scenery, stopping at rural villages and remote monasteries. Discover a Myanmar few have experienced.
- Only ground transport
4 Belmond Travel Reviews & Ratings
100% Recommend
The small ship Orcaella, with just 50 passengers, can navigate Myanmar's little-known Chindwin River, site of a remote monastery with carved Buddha.
No reviews yet for this trip. Browse other reviews below for Belmond .
Day 1:
Arrive in Mandalay and enjoy a sightseeing transfer to the ship. You'll see the revered Mahamuni Temple, Kyaukisittan and Shwe Kyaung before arriving.
Once on board a buffet lunch will be served as we sail past the golden temples of Sagaing, followed by a welcome briefing and afternoon tea in the Lounge Bar.
Join us in the Restaurant for a welcome cocktail before dinner.
Day 2:
This morning enjoy an introductory lecture about the Myanmar way of life as we cruise towards Monywa.
Later visit the colourful Thanboddhay Pagoda at Monywa. Complete the tour with a photo opportunity at the magnificent 424ft standing Buddha at Bodhi Tataung.
Breakfast, lunch and dinner on board.
Day 3:
After breakfast alight for a walking tour of the traditional farming village of Moktaw. Witness an important rite of passage in Myanmar, the novice initiation ceremony, at the Moktaw monastery.
Spend a leisurely afternoon on board before a longyi cocktail party and after dinner entertainment.
Breakfast, lunch and dinner on board.
Day 4:
Disembark for an early morning visit to the 'Teak Port' of Maukkadaw before returning to the ship for brunch.
This afternoon take afternoon tea in the Lounge while Dr. Khin Maung Nyunt treats you to a local history lecture.
Dinner is followed by Toh dances on the Sundeck.
Day 5:
After breakfast take an excursion to Kalay for a glimpse of local life at the lively market.
Relax and enjoy the ship's luxurious facilities this afternoon as we cruise towards Mawleik.
Dinner this evening is a barbecue on shore at Mawleik, with transfers by local tuk tuk.
Day 6:
This morning visit Mawleik town, once the adminstrative seat of the Bombay Burma Trading Company. Take a local truck transfer to Mawleik elephant camp followed by a historical tour of the town.
Enjoy lunch and afternoon tea on board. This afternoon your guide will present a lecture on the current situation in Myanmar.
Dinner is followed by the release of Shan balloons. Belmond Orcaella docks tonight at Sitthaung.
Day 7:
Disembark for a morning trek to the rural village of Sitthaung. See the emerald green paddy fields on your way to the village pagoda.
After lunch on board the ship enjoy the views as we sail towards Naung San Kyin, or participate in the discussion of Myanmar religions, culture and traditions in the Lounge.
Day 8:
Today's excursion takes us to Homalin town. Enjoy a riverside walk, the morning market and the Buddha Lotus Garden with its exquisite temple and stunning views.
Spend the afternoon at leisure as we sail to Nan Maw Leik.
Day 9:
Enjoy a leisurely breakfast as we sail through beautiful scenery towards Kyidaung.
This morning watch Belmond Orcaella's Executive Chef deliver a cooking demonstration on the sundeck.
In the afternoon join a walking tour to the quaint village of Kyidaung and visit the Oo monastery.
Day 10:
Take a morning tour of Mingin, an important town during the reign of King Mindon, including a visit to the impressive Mahar Minkyaung Monastery.
Return to the ship and continue towards Kani for an afternoon tour. Visit the site of the Nat Shrine and experience a real 'Nat Pwe' paying homage to the Nat of Kani.
Day 11:
Enjoy a mid-morning brunch before disembarking for a visit to the exceptional and historically important sites of Bagan, accompanied by our guides.
Return to the ship for dinner.
Day 12:
After breakfast transfer to shore to experience the morning market of Nyaung Oo followed by a tour of Bagan's major temples.
Lunch is taken on shore in a Bagan restaurant.
This afternoon there is a choice of activities. Travel to sacred Mount Popa, stopping off at a Toddy Palm plantation on the way, or take a private horse and cart or bicycle tour within the city of Bagan.
Enjoy the evening's farewell cocktail party and entertainment before your final dinner on board.
Day 13:
Disembark early morning for your return flight to Yangon and onward travel.
Price From
Price Per Day:
- Buffet breakfast and lunch, and table d'hôte dinner - both eastern and western choices available
- Complimentary soft drinks, mineral water, local beer and free flow house wine (local and international) with
- lunch and dinner
- Internal flights within Myanmar included between Yangon and ship, as per itinerary
- Fully-qualified resident doctor
- All sightseeing, as per itinerary
Trip ID#: disthebel


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Easter Sunday was mostly spent driving in the pouring rain and yes snow. The timing of the less than ideal weather conditions was good though as I had planned to do a lot of driving versus sight-seeing today. I am hoping for better weather tomorrow.
Temperature range was 34F to 56F. These temperatures were a far cry from those posted at home though, 70-80F range.
Total to date in mileage for both of the cars is 5547 miles which equates to an average of 264 miles per day, still within my 250-300 miles.
I stopped at a place called Dutch Brothers Coffee today. They are little stands that are drive-up only. It was started in 1992 by two brothers that were formerly dairy farmers. The drive-ups are limited to the west coast only, however. The coffee was pretty decent.
I hope that everyone had a great Easter.
It is night night time in Northern California.
Seeing the Redwoods tomorrow along with yet another new state Oregon, weather permitting.
The Traveller
Sunday, April 4, 2010
21st Day - Easter in North Western California
Posted by wheres papa dave at 9:46 PM
1 comment:
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"A father once had a daughter..."
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(Hardcover Picture book)


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HI how do we know if we have won . it seems I cane second
CRAFTIE CHALLENGE: Easter
Crafties! We've launched a special COMPETITION on our blog with plenty of time until Easter! All you have to do is make us an Easter craft item around the theme of an EGG – easy right? It could be a crafty colouring, a crochet decoration, a delicious cake or an egg-cellent card. Anything goes so long as you stick to the theme. Then you simply upload your make onto the blog so that people can vote for their favourites.
ALL CRAFTERS WELCOME! Be creative and go all out! We want to see all kinds of makes for this challenge and see what you can do with your craft. There will be 2 winners. The first winner will get £100 account credit to spend with us and the runner up will get £75 account credit to spend with us. Let the Craftie Challenge begin!
Simply upload your image below and don't forget to vote. Each month we will set a new theme and challenge relating to an event going on in the world. Terms and conditions apply.
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2 thoughts on "CRAFTIE CHALLENGE: Easter"
me to Teresa .seems a bit slack on that side of things. which is dishearten