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Hi! Go to the ReSpeller settings and uncheck "Try to split words in pairs" option. In your case with this option enabled ReSpeller accepts "defered" as right word because it can be split into "defer" and "ed" and both of them exist in the dictionary. This option was made to handle cases like "filename" smarter.
Spelling mistake not picked up
Issue #40 invalid
The following method is not picked up as a spelling mistake:
void ClearDeferedMessages(string headerKey, string headerValue);
This should be highlighted since Defered is misspelled, it should be Deferred.
Comments (3)
Don't forget to restart VS after the settings change.
- changed status to invalid
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At one point in a woman's life they have a silly egotistical daydream of sorts, thinking about how wonderful it would be if two hunky men were fighting for her affection, preferably while said lady is sitting atop a throne watching it all from below. Granted, it wouldn't be ideal to carry out in the real world due to the many complicated scenarios, but it is a thought. Twentieth Century Fox's new picture "This Means War" takes that fantasy and throws a basket full of explosives at it with McG in the director's chair in the new action-comedy. And in typical harlequin-like fashion, we don't have a good story without a couple of attractive-looking male leads in Chris Pine and Tom Hardy, topped off with the talented Reese Witherspoon in the middle of the love triangle. Poor thing.
In "This Means War" we follow Tuck (Hardy) and FDR (Pine), the two best spies in the business with a sharp sense of style to boot. They've got everything that they need, including each other as best buddies, but it all is put to the test when sweet and sexy Lauren (Witherspoon) slips into their lives. That's not to mention that little terrorist threat that Heinrich (Til Schweiger) is setting up while the love triangle blossoms. Not only is their friendship put to the test by this woman but they must manage to figure it all out and try to save all of Los Angeles at the same time.
Most of the ridiculously good-looking cast (minus Chris Pine), and director McG, of "This Means War" were able to sit down with a few of the press to discuss the upcoming live-action comedy where they discussed an array of things that does not include why Tom Hardy was rubbing his face against the mic at one point like a cat. Some found it a little irritating to see but not this reporter.
You had good chemistry with the other actors. Was that there from thevery beginning or was it something you worked on rehearsal?
Tom Hardy: No, that was just acting. I'm quite alpha, and he was the actor of thefilm so I did my best to accommodate that. No, I was playing with him. Itwas just acting, he's a good guy. It was fun.
McG: Listen, I think put simply, there's a great old Robert Altman adage thatthe best thing to do as a director is to cast the film properly. And if youhave Reese and you have Tom and you have Chris, driving that triangle andyou have Chelsea to come in and steal scenes, it makes everything very, verysimple and it flows from there. And we talked about "oh the picture's sopretty," and the costuming or the sounds or the explosions are fun, that'sall easy. We can handle that, but I cannot fabricate chemistry. And thechemistry that these two girls have from a place of buddy dynamics, I wouldjust listen to them walking back to video village and go let's cherry pickthat and use it as a scene because that's incredible. And as far as thechemistry that Tom and Chris had, they are indeed both very alpha and theyrespect each other but one would never acquiesce to one another and it was ahealthy competitive spirit that I think is in the service of the picture.
Tom Hardy: Just teasing. It was good fun to play with.
Reese, what's you take on online dating and would you ever date two atone time? Do you recommend that for a guy?
Reese Witherspoon: For a guy? I wouldn't have any recommendations for a guy. But for a girl, I mean I think a lot of people Internet date. That's what the commercials say, right? One in 5 people meet each other online or something?
McG: I know, the least you can say is, "hey I'm really into going to bed at 9 o'clock and I like zebras and you know, role playing." And then you can get after it in that regard and you can narrow it down to some degree.
Tom Hardy: I think it's an apparent, I think the whole thing is apparent. I thinkonline dating is a way of procuring people, you know what I mean? LikeFacebook, Myspace. It's a way that people to connect out. And procure smallchildren and sometimes you know, dodgy relationships. I don't think it'svery healthy. Online dating is cool, but I think Facebook and Myspace is alittle off key.
Reese, was there anything he wanted you to do that you didn't care todo?
Tom Hardy: Pine.
Reese Witherspoon: No, not really.
McG: She's fearless. She's given birth twice, she can do anything.
Tell us if you had any injuries during the fight scenes and how wellyou handled it.
Tom Hardy: There were two fight scenes. One in the restaurant and the rest of itwas just hanging onto the car. And the beginning – ah, the beginning, the helicopter. But it wasn't a fight scene.
McG: I think she means when you fought him.
Tom Hardy: Oh, it was good fun, yeah, it was good fun. Chris is a good fighter, youknow. He has this kind of jazz-hands style, which is kind of scary if you'regoing up against something from "The West Side Story." You got to keep youreyes well-peeled because they can come at any angle, especially when youhave that much of the dancer naturally in you. So, to work with that kind ofskill set – because I'm used to a different kind of form of boxing, MuayThai. I had to look out for myself because he has fast hands. But it wassafe.
McG: Yeah, but there was a fun moment where – Listen, again, Tom's verygracious, you know, from the fight scene at the end and you say, "where yougoing?" and you smack the hell out of Chris's character.
Tom Hardy:I smacked him on the face.
McG: And that was a big moment, because you can't hurt Tom. You can throw himoff a truck, and he'll kind of tumble along and he'll bend the other finger.
Tom Hardy: That's not true. It hurts, but I won't show it.
McG: And you know, we had to create a world in which everybody was comfortablewith moving forward with that, smacking each other up a little bit andfalling off second tiers and smashing into tables and doing everything hewent through. But he's a fighter by trade.
Tom Hardy: But Chris is better with a weapon than I am. If you look at himtechnically in the film, he's actually great with pistol work and weapons,truth be told and he's a lot tougher than he looks, if that even matters.Which it does.
Reese, in your other films you portray this girl next door, but in thisone you're being a little sexier.
Reese Witherspoon: It's all McG's fault. His cajoling, his constant texting.
McG: Listen. Do we all understand that Reese Witherspoon is a capable,intelligent woman? Devoted mother, we know all these things. And I don'tthink that any woman who's beautiful should apologize for being sobeautiful. And it's clear that she's so good, her goodness precedes her andshe's talented, she has a golden statue to back that up. And I find her tobe so sexy and so foxy, that it was a thrill to work with Russell Carpenter,who you know shot on "Titanic," he shot some beautiful girls in his time,and he knew how to shoot her in a way and we created a platform of comfortand I defer to the crowd, you guys think Reese looks sexy in the picture.
Reese Witherspoon: Oh McG. Thank you.
McG: Tom, what do you think? I want to hear about Tom's paintball experience.
Tom Hardy: I think she looks sexy without the picture, you know? Just thought shewas sexy. But paintball in the nuts hurts.
"This Means War" is out in theaters everywhere this Friday.

subset: commoncrawl


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DIY: Dresser Makeover
It has been a year since I have had my rustic bedroom and I love it. So much. However with moving to a new condo and having a new room that is literally half the size of your old one-- without a closet I might add means I needed a dresser that had more than four drawers. After a long morning of garage sale hoping and finding nothing, I started on my way home disappointed and stressed. I knew exactly what I wanted and just could find it anywhere. I knew I wanted something that had at least 6 drawers, more would be better. And I also knew that I wanted something that wasn't super tall. I wanted it to be of multiple uses. A dresser for me now..... and an entertainment center later when I get married. I wanted something that had character and was different.
BEHOLD, a block down the street on my way home I spotted it at a tiny garage sale. I checked it out and asked the cute ladies how much, when they said
I knew the garage sale hunting Gods were giving me a break.
When I got this piece back home it was pretty dirty and several knobs were missing. I sat on it for a while (not literally) deciding what to do with it. One of my favorite color combos are black and white. I have always hoped to have a kitchen like it. The contrast between the two make a piece look sharper and I knew I wanted my room to be more retro glam with my base colors as black and white then accessorizing with pops of color, mixed metals, and thrifted mirrors.
Like this look? Recreate it yourself!
Materials Needed:
Paint brush
Valspar Spray Paint (don't go cheap on your paint. This stuff is AMAZING! it even smells great!)
Paint (you can buy a "tester" sized can from Walmart for $3)
Knobs (I got mine from the ReStore which means I spent $8 on 9 knobs!)
Painters Tape
Butcher Paper
Screw driver
How To Do It!
Step 1:
Wipe furniture clean.
Step 2:
Remove drawers and the hardware on them
Step 3:
Sand. 99% of the time you should ALWAYS sand your furniture before you paint it. I however decided to just sand the top of the dresser and left the drawers untouched because they didn't have much gloss on them.
Step 4:
After you sand, make sure to wipe clean with a wet or dry washcloth to remove any extra dust.
Step 5:
Lay down your butcher paper (or spray it on dirt like I did).
Spray your dresser and drawers. {make sure you spray your light color first!!}
Repeat this 3 times.
Let Dry.
Step 6:
Paint top of dresser.
I did one coat of black spray paint/primer as a base coat, then used black satin paint to go over the top for a more smooth finish.
Let it dry.
Step 7:
Install hardware on drawers and place drawers in dresser.
Step 8:
Accessorize and enjoy!
{ notice I chose not to fill the holes in from the previous hardware. This is because eventually I will find some other knobs to put on the bottom six drawers and just might need those holes. However if you for sure aren't going to use them. Go ahead and fill them in with caulking and sand down to make smooth BEFORE you paint.}
I'd LOVE to see you're garage sale make overs. Send me a picture at firstname.lastname@example.com
Post it to instagram with the hash-tag #makeitwithmal


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- Photo: Kate Warren
- thereceptive.org
- receptive.tarot
- receptive.tarot
Christine Aprile is an intuitive tarot reader, Reiki healer, writer and musician actively pursuing the boundaries of thought and perception. Her love of astrology and metaphysics has been the constant in her life, inspiring both her creative fire and her journey as a healer. Christine is currently a tarot reader, healer and dream interpreter at the House of Intuition in Los Angeles, where she acts as a guide and teacher for spiritual seekers around the world.
- Photo: Wing Duong
- queercosmos.com
- queercosmos
Colin Bedell is a literal Gemini Twin Astrologer from Long Island, New York and a two-time graduate of the New School with his Bachelor's in Literature from Eugene Lang College and Master's in Fashion Studies from Parsons School of Design. A passionate student of astrology, A Course in Miracles, and other systems of personal growth, Colin founded QueerCosmos to meaningfully contextualize queer identities across the zodiac and universal spiritual themes. Additionally, Colin leads private natal chart readings and horoscope columns with international publications. For more, head over to QueerCosmos.com.
Erica Feldmann has been using intuition to heal spaces from a very young age.
A Chicago native, Erica moved to Salem, MA in 2010 to study Witches and the sacred feminine in the Gender and Cultural studies graduate program at Simmons College. The knowledge she gained there, combined with her innate talents with interiors, came together to form HausWitch, a company devoted to helping people heal their spaces and love their homes.
In 2015, HausWitch Home + Healing opened in Salem, MA so you can bring good energy into your space and take a little HausWitch magic home with you.
- Photo: Megan McIsaac
- sarahgottesdiener.com
- visualmagic.info
- modernwomen.bigcartel.com
- gottesss
Sarah Faith Gottesdiener is a creative living in Los Angeles. She designs, makes art, is a professional Tarot reader, and writes. For the past 6 years she's run her own business, creating feminist gear and apparel with her label Modern Women. She writes and edits the Many Moons Workbooks, the publication ISSUES, and various zines, as well as designs, illustrates, and art directs for a wide range of clients. Sarah is a Queer Feminist who wants others who are marginalized to feel empowered and inspired.
Rachel Celeste Hansen has been studying and practicing astrology since 2012, but as her family can attest, she's been a bit of a "Space Baby" all her life. When she's not pondering the cosmic significance of her favorite films, she can be found enjoying the other great loves of her life: music, books, and tea. She lives in the Princeton, NJ area with her husband Andrew and feline daughters, Lili and Vali.
Rachel Howe runs Small Spells, a multi-dimensional brand based in Los Angeles that joins healing and the arts. Rachel provides inspiration and healing through private tarot readings and reiki sessions, as well as her regular astrology posts and channeled messages on her Instagram feed, @smallspells. Her work empowering others to find their way to healing also takes the form of teaching regular workshops on tarot and accessing intuition. Reaching a broad audience through her illustrations that embrace mysticism while staying firmly rooted in the culture of modern design - drawing on the imagery of cartoons, tattoos, handmade illustrations and low-fi graphic design, Rachel has found a voice that is both accessible and aspirational. Whether through her self-produced tarot deck, a hand-poked tattoo, or energy work, the aim is always to lift up those around her, to raise the level of communication and self-awareness, and to enable personal healing and growth to occur.
Grace Harrington Murdoch has been slinging astrology charts since 2014, combining flower essences and herbs to unlock and enhance your personal energy.
She owns and operates Flowers & Stars on the North Shore of Massachusetts and is known for her deep dives into the soul of your birthchart using Sabian symbols and asteroids to decode your higher purpose as well as your hidden motives.
She has been involved in the healing arts since 2009 and teaches Polarity Therapy, Astrology classes, Reiki, Crystal healing and more.
- Photo: Jonah Welch
- oliviapepper
Olivia Ephraim Pepper is a working mystic, spiritual activist, storyteller, folk herbalist and Tarot reader. Olivia's relationship with crystals and stones has been an ongoing love affair spanning thirty years and will continue unabated for at least thirty more. Olivia also teaches magic, Tarot cards and ritual to a select group of apprentices known as The Good Spirit Kids, and can be found on Instagram at @oliviapepper, or with apprentice Jonah Welch at @divineandrogyny, a page dedicated to trans, genderqueer and gender nonconforming spiritual practice with an emphasis on crystals.
Angeliska Polacheck is a writer and professional tarot reader who lives and works in a rambling old house surrounded by fruit trees and tall sycamores in Austin, Texas. Before being blown back west by Hurricane Katrina, Angeliska spent seven wild and beautiful years in New Orleans. She loves creating talismanic jewelry and extravagant costumes, and never misses a Mardi Gras.
Devoted to helping seekers find their path, her work with the tarot is a combination of mystic counseling and energy work. Her writing has been published in The Folk Horror Revival: Corpse Roads, Arcana: The Tarot Poetry Anthology, Coilhouse Magazine, and Tank Magazine.
- Photo: The Modern Mystics
- jessicasnowmeditation.com
- meditation_jess
Jessica Snow is a meditation guide, author and artist. She creates profound, pleasurable and visionary mystical experiences, podcasts and books. Her bright imagination, the magical quality of her voice and her friendly demeanor have made her a popular and beloved spiritual guide in her hometown of Los Angeles. Â Her specialties are beautifully modern crystal, nature and lunar meditations. Jessica has been meditating since 2002, has a Bachelors of Science in Instructional Technology and lives in Los Angeles with her husband and son. Her main purpose is to reconnect you with your own magic.
Brianna Wiest is a writer, author and editor. She has published thousands of articles that have been read by millions of people throughout the world. She works for a variety of national publications, and is the author of three books. Her fourth, "SALT WATER," will be released in the fall of 2017.
Jessyka Winston. Rootworker, Spiritist and Vodoun Priestess. "I teach the practice of Hoodoo Folk Magic, Tarot Therapy, and Astrology for Self Mastery. I am the owner of Haus of Hoodoo, where I work as a professional Rootworker, Tarot Therapist, and Healer. I use magic and Hoodoo rituals to improve the lives of my clients as well as work as a bridge between Spirit and Human assisting in reconnecting with ancestral lineage and traditions. My goal is to awaken people to all the magic around us. We are surrounded by magical things awaiting for our senses to awaken.
I believe rituals are a powerful practice of self transformation. All rituals have the ability to shift our vibration to that of abundance, love, health, and wealth. Whether it be a simple ritual or elaborate extensive one, rituals are powerful tools to create the lives we've always dreamed of."


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Media Jobs: Motion Designer
Company Name: Accenture
Location: Dublin, IE
Apply for position of Motion Designer on company's LinkedIn page or their website.
Motion Designer: Job description
Background: Providing digitally disruptive solutions, innovating ways to interact with customers, and establishing open platforms for partners are some of the key initiatives that Accenture is aiming to deliver at a global scale. The sales organization within the European operating group of Accenture CMT is responsible for originating new opportunities, defining value propositions, scope of services, and commercials terms for a wide range of solutions that will help our clients address the challenges of the digital era. Building on the success of the current initiative, we are growing a dedicated team passionate about crafting innovative digital solutions for communications, media and high-tech industries. This design/development team is typically engaged with a client team and assigned to a specific opportunity, often helping to design the solution and then present our value proposition to the client. We are seeking a motion designer, who is skilled in animation and video editing, to work with the rest of the team and quickly produce videos. Either as stand-alone deliverables or as part of a collection of assets in support of one client/project.
Candidates: We want to hear from candidates with the desire to innovate, challenge their skills with always changing demand and opportunities, and step up in an environment of highly talented professionals. The variety of work we do for major companies across Europe and around the Globe provides an incredible opportunity for building your skills and career. Ambition to succeed and passion to deliver are essential requisites for this role.
You Will Be Challenged By
- Diversity of client base and wealth of scenarios
- Working across multiple geographic locations, workforces, and key stakeholder groups
- Teaming with high calibre Accenture colleagues in day-to-day activities
- Identifying solutions to match desired outcomes within required timelines, and delivering quickly
- Contributing to our next generation digital assets
Seniority Level: Associate
Employment Type: Full-time
- Information Technology and Services
- Computer Software
- Financial Services
Job Functions
- Design
- Art/Creative
- Information Technology
About Accenture


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House Side & Appetizers
Family Dinners
F1 Family Dinner – Serves 4
2 Chicken "Tika" Kabobs, 2 Lamb Kabobs, 4 Ground Beef Kabobs, Hummus, Baba Ghanouge, Rice, Garlic Sauce, & Pita Bread
F2 Deluxe Family Dinner – Serves 6
3 Chicken "Tika" Kabobs, 3 Lamb Kabobs, 6 Ground Beef Kabobs, 2 Filet Mignon Kabobs, Hummus, Baba Ghanouge, Rice, Garlic Sauce & Pita Bread
F3 Shawarma by the Pound
half - $6.99, whole - $12.99
Beef and Lamb Mix or Chicken
F4 Garnish
Half - $2.99, Full - $4.99
Fresh onions, tomatoes and Pickles.
Main Course
Served with warm Pita Bread (Substitutions are subject to additional charges.)
M1 Vegetarian Mix Platter
Greek Salad, Baba Ghanouge, Hummus, Stuffed Grape Leaves, Fattouch, Tabuli & Pita Bread
M2 Shawarma Chicken
Sliced chicken shawarma served with rice, garlic sauce and your choice of side.
M3 Shawarma Beef & Lamb
Sliced beef & lamb mix served with rice, garlic sauce and your choice of side.
M4 Skander
Sauteed pita bread covered with yogurt slice Beef Lamb shawarma mix topped with tomato sauce.
M5 Chicken "Tika" Kabob
Marinated all white meat fire grilled on skewers, served with rice and your choice of side.
M7 Lamb Kabob
Tender lamb marinated and grilled on skewers, served with rice and your choice of side.
M8 Mixed Grill
A skewer each of chicken, lamb and ground beef kabob, served with rice and garlic sauce and your choice of side.
M9 Filet Mignon Kabob
Beef filet, expertly sliced and grilled to order on skewers, served with rice and your choice of side.
Original Fire Grilled Ground Kabobs
K2 Sicilian Kabob
Fresh ground chicken stuffed with olives, Italian spices & feta cheese, served with two sides
Kids Corner
Z1 Chicken nuggets
6 pieces with fries
Z2 Chicken tenders
3 pieces with fries
one piece $1.99
D1 Baklava
D2 Harissa
Salad Entrees
S31 Chicken "Tika" Kabob Salad
Marinated all white meat fire grilled and served over your choice of a Greek or Caesar salad
Standard Sandwiches comes with tomato, onion, pickles and garlic sauce!
combo comes with one side
Sandwich only 6.75 Sandwich combo 9.25
All beverages are $1.59
All prices are subject to change without notice.
Actual food items may differ slightly from pictures shown.


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We are very excited to launch this communication tool and resource center for our clients. Through the Client Portal, our existing clients have secured access to their confidential files along with access to our special client-only resources page. Once you've logged in, we encourage you to download and save your files in a secure place; we will maintain this cloud storage as a back up of your files.
Our new and future clients have the ability to complete our questionnaire forms online through this secure site in advance of your meeting with the attorney.


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CHARLES DARIUS® genesis started as a bespoke design studio created to answer the never ending imagination of our Customers by crafting them one of a kind pieces for their personal enjoyment.
As such, it was always anchored in our DNA to uphold the highest quality of craftsmanship and genuine origin of the material we use.
After spending years as a global Designer, our Founder Charles Darius was able to develop an extraordinary network of artisans, factories and engineers around the world allowing him to create and develop any type of artifact, and maintain these relationship when establishing his bespoke label.
CHARLES DARIUS® crafts his collection with some of the most exclusive craftsmanship in France and around the world.
Where are location our Artisans:


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PO Box 741, Eltham Vic 3095
E: firstname.lastname@example.com
Native garden landscape design, Eltham
Environmental sustainability was a key priority in this landscaping project for the owners of this Eltham property. They wanted a feature for the entry courtyard and a low maintenance garden of native species that would complement their relaxed lifestyle.
Incorporating existing features of their property, Love your landscape® designed a planting scheme using specific drought tolerant species that would thrive in the harsh soil conditions. Taking into account Eltham's indigenous flora and fauna, our landscapers designed the garden to provide colour, attract local birdlife and require minimal water and maintenance. A striking rock feature was built in the entrance courtyard. A sustainable produce garden was also established in the back yard in line with the environmental interests of the owners.
Love your landscape® provides individual garden design and landscaping services across Melbourne's north-east including areas of Eltham, Doncaster, Blackburn, Donvale. Balwyn, Kew, Bulleen, Heidelberg, Ivanhoe, Rosanna, Macleod, Greensborough, Lower Plenty, Daimond Creek, Warrandyte, Templestowe and more.


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+Address - Site Map
Phone Number Beaux ArtsPhone Number in Beaux Arts. Find a Phone Number, Address or other Contact Detail, like Email Address and Profiles of people or friends who live in Beaux Arts, Washington, USA. Results of Phone Numbers and Addresses in any Street.
|Northeast 27th Place
|Southeast 27th Street
|Southeast 28th Place
|Southeast 28th Street
|Southeast 29th Street
|102nd Avenue Southeast
|103rd Avenue Southeast
|104th Avenue Southeast
|105th Avenue Southeast
|106th Place Southeast
|107th Avenue Southeast


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Dr. Crosbie utilizes whole food, organic supplements in keeping with his holistic approach to healthcare. With nutritional testing techniques, Dr. Crosbie can target your specific nutritional needs. Learn More
Strengthening Your Immune System
Published in the Times Standard
The powerful healing ability that exists in our bodies is working constantly to keep you healthy. It is on the attack searching out and destroying or neutralizing bacteria, viri, dead cells, splinters and even cancer.
We've all heard stories or perhaps have friends or family members who have been healed miraculously. Spontaneous remission is the term doctors and scientists will use. There are books and a wide body of evidence of these extraordinary healings of all types, whether it is nervous system disorders, blood diseases or fatal tumors. While doctors tend to ignore this phenomenon, your body is fighting cancer all the time and winning on a regular basis with early detection mechanisms. This protective mechanism operates constantly in a variety of ways in your body: The skin and mucus membranes in your nose and throat create a physical barrier to invasion, juices for digestion dissolve germs, urine cleans your urinary tracts, fever "burns off" infections, and swelling is a dilation process to bring healing nutrients and specialized cells to an injured area.
There are many causes affecting our immune response ability. Nutritional deficiencies, depression, vertebral misalignments, increased use of antibiotics and a growing number of clinicians and scientists feel that increased childhood immunizations cause immune system disorders.
One of the strongest ingredients that compromise our body's ability to fight dis-ease is refined sugar. My father in law, who was a Chiropractor for over 40 years, made the observation that the outbreak of the colds and flu season was preceded by the Halloween sugar fest. The more prevention you take to bolster your body's defenses, the less likely you will suffer any prolonged or severe illness.
While some of these causes may seem obvious, such as poor nutrition, how can depression lower our immune system? Our attitude and unexpressed feelings wear on us and keep us from healthy activities. It becomes a downward spiraling trend. More importantly, it separates us from connecting with others, a vital aspect to strengthen your immune system. People relationships nourish and keep us alive and growing. "If you have connections you keep going," according to Bernie Siegel, M.D. Laughter, comedy and inspiring stories lift our spirits and boost our immune system.
Chiropractic is also a powerful immune system stimulus. Spinal misalignments causing joint dysfunction affect muscle fibers and balance-feedback-mechanisms of the nervous system. This stress on your spine and nerves weakens your immune function. Osteopaths and chiropractors have known this for over 100 years now. Today with the advent of Psychoneuroimmunology there is increasing evidence that the brain, spinal cord and nerves tremendously affect your physical and emotional health. By removing nerve interference and restoring joint mobility, the body can function at optimum efficiency.
With periodic check-ups, the chiropractor can eliminate the interference compromising your immune system. Many of my patients refer to this as a tune-up, re-charging their body and preventing further damage. If you suffer from chronic colds or that run-down feeling, better health could be yours "through Chiropractic naturally".
Crosbie Chiropractic
Michael H. Crosbie, D.C.
1828 Main Street
Fortuna, CA 95540
(707) 725-5668


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Scotia Glenville (SGHS) Class of 1957 Alumni List
Help us Update the Scotia Glenville 1957 Class List by adding any names missing from the list below:
Registered Alumni
1957 Class List
- M.H. Patricia Campbell
- Elaine Hance
- Lois Ann Horstmeyer
- Richard Painter
- Louis Palmer
- Robert Rochford
- Charles Rochforrd
- Charles Somers
Know Scotia Glenville Class of 1957 graduates that are NOT on this List? Help us Update the 1957 Class List by adding missing names.
1957 Scotia-Glenville High School Yearbook
1957 Scotia-Glenville High School Yearbook
Click here to view at Classmates.com®
The top movie in theaters during 1957 was The Bridge on the River Kwai, grossing over $33,300,000 in its lifetime. The most popular television series for 1957 was I Love Lucy
Reunions and Scotia Glenville High School News
More 1957 alumni from Scotia Glenville HS have posted profiles on Classmates.com®. Click here to register for free at Classmates.com® and view other 1957 alumni.
The Scotia Glenville High class of '57 alumni are listed below. These are former students from Scotia Glenville High in Scotia, NY who graduated in 1957. Alumni listings below have either been searched for or they registered as members of this directory.
We also encourage you to keep up to date on news and reconnect with Scotia Glenville High School alumni.


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Are you looking for professional assistance regarding your external electric installation issues? If yes, you surely have come to the right place. DJD Electrical Services are one of the popular service providers of external electric installations in Crayford, Maidstone, Dymchurch, Erith, New Romney, Dartford and Bexleyheath and its outskirts. We are a team of two professional electricians, who have the expertise to help you regarding your external electrical installation, maintenance and repairing. We have significant years of experience in the related field, which means you can expect to get professional service from us at all costs. For an instant price quote regarding your outdoor electrical wiring, feel free to contact us at 07939 970002 or 07841480449.
If you have any query or question regarding our outdoor electrical services, feel free to send us an email at email@example.com. We being one of the accredited members of NICEIC make us one of the top priorities of the domestic sector client. It is because of the reason that we simply don't compromise on the quality of our services.


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Ever since I got my digital camera as a high school graduation present, I feel like I just can't take enough pictures. Pictures of animals, pictures of trees, pictures of flowers. Anything that I can capture in my lense is going in there. It's not an extremely consistent hobby, but over last summer I took hundreds of pictures while at my internship at the Hooved Animal Humane Society in Woodstock, Ill. Horses grazing, standing, running, eating, looking, laying down. Pictures of the farm, the landscape, the birds, the goats, the barns, the fences, the grass. It was a buffet of subjects for my camera.
Once I came back, I started my job as the PR/Web site officer of the UNL Equestrian Team, a pure joy for someone with my career in mind. I got to peer pressure all of my friends into posing with the horses at shows, taking goofy pictures while we waited for classes, and basically just piss everyone off. 🙂
Then I discovered I lost my camera charger. Oh, how sad I was! I looked and looked, but no matter what, I didn't find it. I still won't be surprised it if shows up in some tiny corner of my room when I move out. Finally, last weekend, I decided enough was enough, and I went to the wonderful Amazon and found a new one. My checkbook $40 lighter, I impatiently waited for it to arrive. I had been trying to conserve battery life for weeks, hoping my old one would show up, so I had only taken a couple pictures. It practically killed me.
Yesterday when I got home, I was thrilled to see the small brown box sitting on our porch. Yes!
It wasn't until my battery was fully charged and I started thinking about a picture expedition that I realized how much I missed taking pictures. Even if I'm just snapping a shot of Oedipus laying on my bed, or posing with a friend before we go out, or I just want to try to capture a pretty sunset, my camera is like a second limb to me now. I don't know that I should ever try to go so long without taking pictures. Over the next few days, especially with a three-day weekend, expect to see a few postings with new pictures as I try to rediscover how to take pictures after a long hiatus.
If you are interested in seeing some truly awesome pictures (in my humble and unprofessional opinion) check out these Web sites:
Equine Photography by Darlene Wohlart
Photos by Maggie (TB Racing)
megan 🙂


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Staff from the National Railway Museum and the York Theatre Royal watched as the theatre tent which will be used during the theatre's residency this summer arrived at the museum on Monday. The theatre, which seats almost 1,000, and will be used for In Fog and Falling Snow and The Railway Children was shipped in from Toronto where it has been used in the Canadian production.
The production runs from the 31 July to 5 September and forms part of the residency that the York Theatre Royal will take up at the museum whilst the theatre undergoes a refurbishment. This is the third time that the theatre and the museum have collaborated on the production of The Railway Children.
The Railway Children tells the story of how the comfortable lives of three Edwardian children, Roberta, Peter and Phyllis are shattered when their father is arrested on suspicion of betraying state secrets. The children and their mother move from London to a modest cottage near a railway in the Yorkshire countryside. New friendships, adventures and terrifying dangers await. But the mystery remains – where is father, and is he ever coming back?
Originally published in 1906, The Railway Children is the most famous of Edith Nesbit's novels, whose books for children are recognised as some of the greatest classics of the genre. The story was made into a successful film in 1970 featuring Jenny Agutter, Sally Thomsett, Gary Warren, Dinah Sheridan and Bernard Cribbins which was filmed on location on Yorkshire's Keighley and Worth Valley Railway. This stage adaptation has been penned by the highly acclaimed children's playwright Mike Kenny.
Kenny has also teamed up with Bridget Foreman to write major community production In Fog and Falling Snow which will take place around the museum's collection before moving to the theatre tent for the second half.
Jim Lowe, Head of Operations at the National Railway Museum said:
Having this massive tent delivered is an exciting milestone in this project and it's starting to feel very real now! The 2008 and 2009 productions at York and also those in Toronto and London Waterloo sold out and we are looking forward to welcoming this world class show back 'home' in July. Tickets are now on sale so to guarantee your seat, book soon – it's going to be a superb performance.
The Railway Children, directed by York Theatre Royal's Artistic Director Damian Cruden, also features one of the biggest guest stars ever to take to the stage – Pannier Tank 5775 which appeared in the original Railway Children film in January 1970.
In Fog and Falling Snow, also directed by Cruden along with York Theatre Royal's Associate Director Juliet Forster and Pilot Theatre's Katie Posner runs from Friday 26 June to Saturday 11 July.
Tickets are on sale now and can be bought by calling the Box Office on 01904 623568, securely online at yorktheatreroyal.co.uk or in person at York Theatre Royal.


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4 and a half years old and looking quite handsome.
Here is our fellow posing at 16 months of age.
Another shot of our buddy at 16 months. He's trying to grow up, but he is still a pup!
Where did the name "Phidippides" come from?
Click Here
to find out.
His first day home. 6 months old and a whole new world awaits! The pictures below are all puppy shots at about 6 months of age.
Mama's boy or Daddy's boy?
Such a handsome fellow.
A born runner!
A short rest between intense bouts of play...
Learning to be an outdoor dog.
Woody and Lorraine's Site:
Toucan Track Club
We got our boy from Kay Volpe. To see her web site
"Kay's Poodles" Click Here.


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Volleyball: Monarchs go one up on Cavaliers
Exeter head coach Samantha Hilvers will go in to the second round of CSL play with a win over CVC
By Patrick Dillon
visalia – For the first time in Samantha Hilvers' three years at Exeter, she'll go into the second round of Central Sequoia League play with a win over Central Valley Christian. That is only after the Monarchs ground out a win over the Cavaliers 3-1 (25-23, 25-19, 23-25, 25-22) on Monday night, Sept. 10.
"This is a huge monkey off my back that we were able to come out and get a win in the first go around," Hilvers said. "It always adds some extra pressure when you have to play CVC, especially right off the bat."
The CSL rivalry between Exeter (12-4, 2-0) and Central Valley Christian (4-8, 1-1) on the volleyball courts is one which needs no flamboyant adjectives. The past two seasons Exeter and CVC have either shared or won the league title outright. In fact since both teams joined the CSL in 2008 no other team has won a league title. That trend seems like it will continue as both teams combined for 187 points.
Neither the Monarchs nor the Cavaliers were able to distance themselves from each other by more than five points all match long. In the first two sets Exeter pushed through and won, but it was a series of mistakes that brought on unsettling nerves late in the third set which cost them the sweep. The fact CVC continued to find ways to hang around coupled with the Cavaliers' student section made it difficult for Exeter to close out the match.
"We had to zone that student section out, so I just told them, 'to take their time,'" Hilvers said.
After CVC got on the board with the win in the third set and tied it up 20-20 in the fourth it seemed like Exeter was going to have to play a fifth set. That was until Grace Germaine scored the game winning kill.
Exeter's offensive power hitters, Corinne Acosta and Teagan Bryant, both had big nights. But the Monarchs have an emerging force in the middle of the net in Julia Nelsen. She played opposite for the Monarchs last season and has made the switch back. She finished with four kills and two aces on the night.
"Tonight was the first time we got to see her play like a true middle," Hilvers said.
With two CSL wins to Exeter's name they are in the midst of a six game winning streak going back to the Clovis Challenge. Last week they added wins four and five to that list. The fourth win came in a 3-0 (25-19, 27-25, 25-21) result over the Clovis East Timberwolves. Acosta led the Monarchs with nine kills. Win number five was in their CSL home opener. They defeated the Immanuel Eagles 3-1 (25-14, 22-25, 25-11, 25-16). Acosta also led the Monarchs with 19 kills.
On Wednesday, Sept. 12, the Monarchs continue CSL play at home against the Selma Bears at 6 p.m.
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Frame the people you love into this triple frame
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Aberdeen, South DakotaPartnerPhone: (605) 225-2232Fax: (605) 225-2497Email
Greg was born and raised in Huron, South Dakota. He studied at the University of South Dakota, receiving a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1977. He attended law school at the University of South Dakota and served as Projects Editor of the South Dakota Law Review. He authored an article which was published in the South Dakota Law Review. Greg received his law degree from the University of South Dakota in 1980, and joined the firm in 1981, after serving as law clerk to the Hon. Philo Hall, Presiding Judge, Fifth Judicial Circuit. He has been a partner since 1982, and has an AV (highest) rating. Greg is licensed in state and federal courts in both South Dakota and North Dakota. He is a member of the Brown County and American Bar Association, State Bar of South Dakota, State Bar of North Dakota, Christian Legal Society, and the South Dakota Trial Lawyers Association. His practice involves all areas of civil trial work, business and estate planning, probates, guardianships and conservatorships, and workers compensation. Greg is also a trained mediator to help parties resolve their disputes informally out of court. He is married with three children, and enjoys cycling, hunting, fishing, and almost anything in the outdoors.
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- Research
- Open Access
Modeling the clonal heterogeneity of stem cells
- David P Tuck1Email author and
- Willard Miranker2
© Tuck and Miranker; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
- Received: 30 March 2010
- Accepted: 17 November 2010
- Published: 17 November 2010
Recent experimental studies suggest that tissue stem cell pools are composed of functionally diverse clones. Metapopulation models in ecology concentrate on collections of populations and their role in stabilizing coexistence and maintaining selected genetic or epigenetic variation. Such models are characterized by expansion and extinction of spatially distributed populations. We develop a mathematical framework derived from the multispecies metapopulation model of Tilman et al (1994) to study the dynamics of heterogeneous stem cell metapopulations. In addition to normal stem cells, the model can be applied to cancer cell populations and their response to treatment. In our model disturbances may lead to expansion or contraction of cells with distinct properties, reflecting proliferation, apoptosis, and clonal competition. We first present closed-form expressions for the basic model which defines clonal dynamics in the presence of exogenous global disturbances. We then extend the model to include disturbances which are periodic and which may affect clones differently. Within the model framework, we propose a method to devise an optimal strategy of treatments to regulate expansion, contraction, or mutual maintenance of cells with specific properties.
- Stem Cell
- Cancer Stem Cell
- Habitat Destruction
- Metapopulation Model
- Exogenous Disturbance
The promise of therapeutic applications of stem cells depends on expansion, purification and differentiation of cells of specific types required for different clinical purposes. Stem cells are defined by the capacity to either self-renew or differentiate into multiple cell lineages. These characteristics make stem cells candidates for cell therapies and tissue engineering. Stem cell-based technologies will require the ability to generate large numbers of cells with specific characteristics. Thus, understanding and manipulating stem cell dynamics has become an increasingly important area of biomedical research. Genomic and technological advances have led to strategies for such manipulations by targeting key molecular pathways with biological and pharmacological interventions [1–3], as well as by niche or microenvironmental manipulations [4].
Recent conceptual and mathematical models of stem cells have been proposed [5–9] that extend the relevance of earlier ones [10] by focusing on the intrinsic properties of cells and effects of the microenvironment, and address new concepts of stem cell plasticity. Sieburg et al have provided evidence for a clonal diversity model of the stem cell compartment in which functionally discrete subsets of stem cells populate the stem cell pool [11]. In this model, heterogeneous properties of these clones that regulate self-renewal, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis informed by epigenetic mechanisms are maintained and passed onto daughter cells. Experimental evidence supports this notion that tissue stem cell pools are composed of such functionally diverse epigenetic clones [11]. Roeder at al, by extending their previous model to include clonal heterogeneity, have demonstrated through agent based model simulations that clonally fixed differences are necessary to explain the experimental data in hematopoietic stem cells from Sieburg [12].
Metapopulation models concentrate on collections of populations characterized by expansion and extinction and the role of these subpopulations in stabilizing coexistence and maintaining genetic or epigenetic variation. The canonical metapopulation model [13] for the abundance of a single species p, with colonization rate c and extinction rate m, is described by the equation dp/dt = cp(1-p) - mp. Both the single species model [14, 15] and multispecies models have been extensively studied [16–19], identifying various conditions under which effects such as stochasticity of the demographics or the disturbance patterns, spatial effects, habitat size, and asynchronicity, may have theoretical and practical implications, for instance in managing disturbed ecological systems.
The important and influential model of habitat destruction by Tilman [20] extended the multiple species models by including the incorporation of fixed disturbance, conceived as loss of habitat. In the present work, we modify the basic ecological framework from Tilman to model individual cells. Previous metapopulation modeling of individual cellular populations have been proposed. For example, Segovia-Juarez et al, have explained granuloma formation in tuberculosis infections by using simple metapopulation models [21].
The hierarchical structure of the Tilman model is based on a collection of a large number of patches. Each patch can be empty, or inhabited by species i. The species are in competition for space and ranked according to their competitive ability. When a cell expands to another patch, it can colonize either if that patch is empty or it is inhabited by species j having a lower rank. Analytical studies of the Tilman model have demonstrated that under certain conditions, the species will go extinct according to their competitive ranking. For instance, in the limiting model in which all species have equal mortalities, in the presence of fixed niche destruction, extinction will take place first for the strongest competitors.
We explore the outcome of the interactions of these components using mathematical models. Disturbances in the ecological models refers to externally caused deaths, In the cellular context, they could include the possibility of drug treatments or environmental toxicity. These models are also studied by simulation. In our model the role of individual species is based on individual clones with clonally fixed differences. Increasing evidence is accumulating that cell fate decisions are influenced by epigenetic patterns (such as histone methylation and acetylation status) which may distinguish various clones. Specific gene patterns render different cells uniquely susceptible to differentiation-induced H3K4 demethylation or continued self-renewal [11, 22, 23].
Unlike the Tilman model, our model treats the generalized case in which each distinct clone can have differing growth and death characteristics. Thus, the strict ordering of extinction does not occur. The model assumes competition for space within a niche among cells with differing growth and self-renewal characteristics.
Expansion and contraction of stem cell populations and the possibility for manipulation of these dynamics will be different for molecular perturbations which target intrinsic growth differentiation or apoptotic pathways or non-specific perturbations. The source of such perturbations is outside of the stem cells themselves, whether from the local microenvironment or from distal locations within the organism such as inflammation, hormonal, cytokine or cell type specific signals (anemia, thrombocytopenia). A related area is the study of subpopulations of cells within tumors that drive tumor growth and recurrence, termed cancer stem cells [24], and which may be resistant to many current cancer treatments [25]. This has led to the hypothesis that effective treatment for such cancers may require specific targeting of the stem cell population.
In this paper, we develop a mathematical framework derived from metapopulation models that can be used to study the principles underlying the expansion and contraction of heterogeneous clones in response to physiological or pathological exogenous signals. In Section 2, we present closed-form expressions for the basic model. We are able to provide closed form analysis of the model near equilibrium states. Combined with numerical simulations, this can provide novel insights and understanding into the dynamics of the phenomena that can be tested experimentally. In Section 3, we explore the effects of both intrinsic cellular characteristics and patterns of exogenous disturbances. In Section 4, we extend the model to include disturbances which may differ quantitatively for different clones. We also extend the analysis from fixed to periodic disturbances. In Section 5, we propose a method to devise an optimal strategy of applying deliberate disturbances to regulate expansion, contraction, or mutual maintenance of specific clones. Finally, in Section 6, we discuss the model and its potential applications.
A cellular metapopulation model
be the number niches containing species .
Here the p i denote the number of niches occupied by the i-th clone. The c i denote expansion (or growth) rates, and the m i extinction (or death) rates. The c ij represent interactions between pairs of clones. Non-specific niche perturbations, D, represent exogenous disturbances which may include pharmacologic, physiologic, or pathologic causes. We extend this, in Section 4, to include clone-specific disturbances, d i , represent disturbances which have different effects on the various clones.
The behavior of the model is complex; see for example Tilman [20] and Nee [26] for analyses of specific aspects of similar ecological models. We consider a number of simplifications in order to focus on the role of disturbances as deliberate manipulations that alter the expansion and contraction of clones with different fixed characteristics. We consider that each niche is fully connected to all other niches, so that spatial effects are not directly modeled. Similar to the ecological models, we make the hypothesis that clonal lineages have a ranked order in which the abundance of clone i within a niche is not affected by clone j, but clone j is affected by clone i (where i < j). Cells may be removed by either death or by differentiation.
Nested Switches
This model has been thoroughly analyzed for species abundance in the ecological context of habitat destruction. In ecosystems, the value of D is constantly increased. Analytical studies have revealed conditions which define the order of extinction according to competitive ranking. and the richness or diversity of persisting species and the order of extinction. Such analyses have usually focused on communities with equal mortalities for all species (m i = m) or equal colonization abilities (c i = c). A number of studies have characterized richness or diversity of persisting species and the order of extinction [27–29]. Recent studies have focused on changes in abundance ranking [18]. More recently, Chen et al [30] have assessed the effects of habitat destruction using this model in the presence of the Allee effect. The equilibrium abundances have been studied under a variety of conditions to demonstrate that it is possible, for instance, for species which are not the best competitor to go extinct first if its colonization rate satisfies certain conditions.
We build on these previous analyses and analyze the case allowing both different mortalities and colonization rates for different clones. In this analysis, there is no fixed order of extinction, but rather we demonstrate the existence of a mathematical construct (2.6) that expresses the switching ability among potential states of the system based on differences in the disturbance. Thus, the disturbance, which represented habitat destruction in the ecosystem models, is viewed as a treatment, and our aim is to understand how different treatment choices, by modifying D, can lead to different patterns of clonal abundance. These switching possibilities suggest that clones with different characteristics may, in principle, be selected for expansion through directed, purposeful disturbances.
This shows that the equilibria have 2 i states among which they might switch. Identification of such a set of nested switches allows us to adjust the model parameters to control expansion or contraction of individual clones. In Section 3 we examine these switchings in terms of the original variables.
The model has been widely studied in ecology. For instance, analysis of the stability of an earlier version of this model was provided by Nee [26], and detailed analysis of equilibria performed by Tilman [20, 31]. Tilman et al [32] expanded the analysis to a number of variants,based on the initial abundance and different mortality rates for better competitors. Morozov et al study the model analytically to assess changes in abundance ranking over time [18]. Other variations have also been studied including Allee effect's influence on species extinction order [30].
Our analysis of the model includes some minor modifications from previous analyses: each clone may have a different mortality and the interaction between pairs of clones is distinct (c ij matrix). In the Appendix B we show that the steady state solutions q i , i ≥ 1 of (2.3) are unconditionally asymptotically stable with the equilibrium values given in (2.6). This stability combined with the pattern of nested switches suggests that within the scope of the model, we can define predictable interventions either untargeted (based on alterations of non-specific exogenous disturbances) or targeted (based on the growth and death properties of specific clones). Moreover, the nature of the nested switches suggests that clones with different patterns of potential for self-renewal or differentiation may in principle be selected for expansion or contraction by intervening to modify specific or non-specific targets.
Simulation of the dynamics
Dynamics in terms of the cellular parameters
We see that for the population pairs (): both clones will survive in domain I, only one () survives in domain II, only one () survives in domain III, and neither survives in domain IV. Thus we have an analytic prescription for the survival or elimination of specific clones. (The equilibrium values in (3.3) in terms of the original variables and the domain descriptions are given in Supplementary Materials). In domain I, we have defined conditions for mutual survival of both clones, in domain II and III we have the selective expansion of the first or second clone, respectively, while in domain IV, we obtain extinction of both clones.
Mutual survival
(Inserting α 2 from (3.9) into (3.10) would allow us to express α 3 in terms of α 1.)
where β's with undefined subscripts are to be set to unity. Inserting (2.4) into (3.11) we may find the value of the disturbance D that accomplishes the exact degree of mutual survival.
Oscillations and clone specific disturbance
The model described thus far is limited in that a disturbance to the stem cell microenvironment affects all clonal lineages similarly and does not vary with time. In fact, different disturbances, such as specific cytokine concentration, inflammatory states, proliferative or apoptotic signals from the environment will differentially affect heterotypic cells that are in a particular state at a particular time point. Such perturbations are expected to vary in time with different intensities, durations, and intervals. This scenario could occur in a physiological setting, in which disturbances would occur at different periods over time and in which cell types with different characteristics or in different states of cell cycle, for instance, would respond differentially to these disturbances.
In Appendix C, we obtain the following expression for the long time solution of
Switching effects in (4.6) are expressed within both the and the b i . The harmonic oscillatory effects are displayed within the parentheses in (4.6)). Then switching and oscillatory effects characterizing are somewhat separate to at least O(ε2).
Single and multiple component perturbation
Having examined the effect of different patterns of disturbances on clonal proportions, we now show how the model may be used to implement clonal expansion or clonal elimination as in cancer applications. We explore the clonal makeup of a population of functionally diverse stem cell clones under different regimens of disturbance. Here, disturbances may be deliberately applied treatments intended to lead to a specific set of clonal proportions. The objective is to find the permissible values of the disturbance parameter D so that any specified combination of species survives (including none). In n-dimensions there are 2 n such combinations, some of which impose constraints on the model parameters. In Section 5.1, we address the case of a single disturbance that affects all clones in a similar manner. In Section 5.2, we address the use of multiple disturbances that have differential effects on the various clones. For clarity, we shall only display the results of the one and the two species cases (one and two dimensions). In Section 5.3, we illustrate the steps necessary to extend the analysis to three or more species.
Single intervention, single species protocols
There are 2 possibilities in the case of a single species: (1) survival (2) annihilation.
Single intervention protocols, two species
There are 4 possibilities for two species: (1) both survive, (2) neither survives, (3) only the first is annihilated, and (4) only the second is annihilated.
(1) and
There are three cases here: (i) U 2 > 0, (ii) U 2 < 0 and (iii) U 2 = 0.
(iii) U 2 = 0: In this case, we see from (5.8) and (5.9) that directly.
(2) and
If c 2 = 0, (5.16) shows that (5.17) is not required, and so, (5.18) reduces to (5.7).
(3) and
(4) and
This reverses the two 2-dimensional cases (1)(i) and (ii), which combined with (5.5) gives
Finally, (iii) U 2 = 0: (5.24) shows that cannot survive.
Multiple treatment, single species protocols
In the treatment of cancer as well as in expansion of stem cells, desirable results require combinations of treatments. However, these combinations are generally unknown. We propose that this model can be used to derive optimal combinations of treatment, which take the role of disturbances. Although, methods to determine these combinations are various, we demonstrate the feasibility of the approach using a linear programming method [33].
subject to certain linear constraints that we shall now assemble. (Such a problem is called a linear program, i.e., minimizing a linear form by varying exogenous parameters (such as d j in 5.30), subject to linear constraints on those parameters (such as in 5.31, below)) 33).
More general, cost expressions would lead to a higher dimensional optimization or a non-linear optimization, any of which could, in principle, be dealt with computationally. With a single species we carry over the constraint (5.4) and the condition (5.7) to the following cases of (1) survival or (2) annihilation.
Multiple treatment, two species protocols
The model allows the extension to multiple species in a straightforward manner. There are four possible states which may be attained by combining treatments for two species.
(1) and
(2) and
unless c 2 = 0. In this latter case, we may drop this constraint, since directly.
(3) and
(4) and
unless c 2 = 0, in which case, we may drop this constraint, since directly.
In Figure 5, solutions to an example set of linear programs are plotted to identify minimal treatment costs for achieving the desired state of expansion. The total treatment cost ((K,d) which has been minimized by solving a linear program for each set of parameters in a multi-treatment, two species model, is plotted against a series of values of f 11, the efficacy of the first treatment for the first species, for various values of f 22, the efficacy of the second treatment for the second species. Although the actual methods applied will depend on which parameters are available and which can be estimated, this results demonstrates how the model may be used to determine how to apply specific disturbances to reach a desired outcome.
Multiple clones
The therapeutic use of stem cells is one of the most promising frontiers in biomedical research, and has led to interest in the expansion of specific cells for specific clinical purposes. In this paper, we develop a mathematical framework derived from metapopulation models that can be used to study the principles underlying the expansion and contraction of heterogeneous clones in response to physiological or pathological exogenous signals. We show how strategies involving targeted interventions may be defined to expand or contract clonal populations with specific attributes.
The primary contribution of the model is the application of an existing metapopulation paradigm to a new domain. The model has been widely studied in ecology, incorporating the effects of exogenous disturbances. The Tilman model has been widely studied in the ecological context of habitat destruction. Most studies focused on species abundance. The original simplified model, in which the disturbance is fixed to represent irreversible habitat destruction, revealed conditions which define the order of extinction according to competitive ranking. Such analyses have usually focused on communities with equal mortalities for all species or equal colonization abilities. A number of studies have characterized richness or diversity of persisting species and the order of extinction. More recently, Chen et al [30] have assessed the effects of habitat destruction using this model in the presence of the Allee effect. The equilibrium abundances have been studied under a variety of conditions to demonstrate that it is possible, for instance, for species which are not the best competitor to go extinct first if its colonization rate satisfies certain conditions.
We build on these previous analyses and analyze the case allowing both different mortalities and colonization rates for different clones. In this analysis, there is no fixed order of extinction, but rather we demonstrate the existence of a mathematical construct that expresses the switching ability among potential states of the system based on differences in the disturbance. Thus, disturbances, which represented habitat destruction in the ecosystem models, are viewed as treatments, and our aim is to understand how different treatment choices, i.e., modification of the disturbance, can lead to different patterns of clonal abundance. These switching possibilities suggest that clones with different characteristics may, in principle, be selected for expansion through directed, purposeful disturbances.
The problem of identifying treatments which will contribute to expansion of specific lineages has not been extensively studied. Cortin et al have taken an elegant statistical approach to identifying optimal doses for expansion of megakaryocytes (MK) using cytokine cocktails, based on the design of optimal multifactorial experiments [34]. Perturbations leading to expansion of MK precursors were studied through screening cytokines. They identified a specific set of cytokines that maximized MK expansion and maturation. The group of cytokines included thrombopoietin, stem cell factor, interleukin-6, and interleukin-9 as positive regulators and erythropoietin and interleukin-8 as inhibitors of MK maturation. Flt-3 ligand also contributed to the expansion of MK progenitors. The hypothesis that fixed characteristics of heterogeneous clones could be manipulated for expansion could be tested with such a set of cytokines in the setting of relatively purified hematopoietic progenitors or in a cell line, such as the mouse EML which is a multipotent, stem-like cell line, already demonstrated to contain different cell types [35]. Existing approaches might include isolating these subpopulations and expanding them directly. However, such approaches may not be feasible in all situations, such as the requirement for in vivo manipulation as might be required for treatment of cancer stem cells, or in cases where the phenotypic characteristics of different clones might not be sufficiently understood or available to allow isolation.
Another potential use for the model is cancer stem cells. Studies have identified subpopulations of cells within tumors that drive tumor growth and recurrence [24]. Their resistance to many current cancer treatments, has made targeting the contraction of this population an area of major interest in cancer research. A recent paper from Gupta et al is interesting for the identification of existing (etoposide) and newly identified compounds (especially salinomycin in their breast cancer model) which preferentially target stem cells [36]. They also provide evidence that other compounds commonly used in cancer therapy (such as paclitaxel) may enriching for stem cells by targeting other classes of cells. A model in which a multispecies population of such cells existed could be studied in cell lines by treating with different combinations of compounds. Periodic perturbations (intermittent dosages) are common in cancer, both for theoretical reasons of efficacy and for managing toxicity and would likely be components of such interventions in practice.
The incorporation of perturbations as an aspect of the model provides a mechanism for the identification of interventions which can be utilized to expand or contract specific clones with desirable or undesirable growth characteristics. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, a linear programming approach is outlined as a protocol by means of which optimal doses of multiple interventions are calculated. In practice, values of the necessary parameters are often not known; the model also provides the rationale for an iterative experimental framework in which known doses are applied and the measurement of population sizes and proportions is then utilized to estimate unknown parameters. These estimates can be used as hypotheses to be tested by experimental studies. Growth and death parameters are generally identifiable from existing data. However the interaction among clones is probably more difficult to glean from existing datasets. Therefore an initial application of the model is to determine the interaction values for a set of clones by application of predefined interventions. In addition to the normal stem cells, the model can be applied to the heterogeneity of malignant cells in cancer and responsiveness of such cells to combinations of treatments.
If all the growth parameters of the different clones and their interactions are known, solutions to the linear program can identify optimal doses for each of the treatments that drive the cellular pool into the desired state of expansion. If estimates of the growth parameters are available, a designed experiment with fixed doses of perturbing agents can be applied to determine the minimum costs, for example, at which a specific endpoint can be achieved. An alternative use of the model would be to determine unknown parameters (such as the efficacies of treatments for specific clones, F i ) in an experimental setting where known doses of experimental agents are applied and outcomes measured in terms of cell proportions. These data could then be used to estimate unknown parameters.
The simulations and generalization of the model and its analysis have provided an alternative understanding of clonal heterogeneity. The mathematical framework that includes intrinsic cellular effects, interactions among clones, and exogenous effects within a single model, allows for the possibility that switching, stability, treatment protocols can become tractable features of study.
Appendix A: Nested Switches
Here and hereafter we use a standard notation .
Appendix B: Stability
vanishes. This is because the last two terms in the parenthesis cancel, while the first two equaling a i cancel the third for a i ≥ 0. For a i < 0, the leading factor in (B.6), [a i ]+ = 0. We continue by induction.
From this we see that , giving unconditional global stability for q 1(t).
From this we see that , completing the induction.
Appendix C: Switching Effects with Oscillations
This specification of X i and Y i completes the induction.
The authors thank Jose Costa for discussions and suggestions.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Soap Magic – Hands-Free Soap Dispenser
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Skyview (SHS) Class of 2001 Alumni List
Help us Update the Skyview 2001 Class List by adding any names missing from the list below:
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2001 Class List
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Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone was the top movie in theaters in 2001, with a lifetime gross of over $317,575,550. Among TV shows in 2001, Survivor:Australian Outback was the most popular of the year.
Reunions and Skyview High School News
More 2001 alumni from Skyview HS Billings, MT have posted profiles on Classmates.com®. Click here to register for free at Classmates.com® and view other 2001 alumni.
The Skyview High Billings, MT class of '01 alumni are listed below. These are former students from SHS in Billings, MT who graduated in 2001. Alumni listings below have either been searched for or they registered as members of this directory.
If you haven't already, we also encourage you to register for free on this site. You may also want to check out the latest news and school memories.


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Ba Ham Lake
Situated on the south-west side of Ha Long Bay, Ba Ham Lake is found on Dau Be Island (Calf Head Island) in Lan Ha Bay - Catba Vietnam. This island is part of the range of islands at the farthest end of Ha Long Bay, bordering the immense zone Long Chau Sea. Ba Ham Lake is situated in the middle of a narrow, rectangular area, with the all four sides enclosed by vertical cliffs.
The lake is a system comprising three wide and round pits, linked together by a narrow and meandering tunnel. Stalactites hang from the ceiling in a myriad of strange, coloured forms. The silence is disturbed only by the sounds of the boat's oars. On the island are many species of plants such as orchids, benjamin figs, banyans and cycads, which blossom throughout the year. It is also the home of yellow-haired monkeys, birds, flying squirrels and bats. Under the deep blue surface of the water are the animated lives of shrimp and fish.
Ba Ham Lake comprises three round pits linked with each other by a narrow and dark tunnel. The tunnel's ceiling has the height ranging from 4 – 5 meters. Thus, the only way to access the lake is by local sampan. Sailing through the tunnel, tourists can see various stalactitesin strange shapes hung down from the ceiling. The pits inside is enclosed by vertical lime-stone mountains. On these mountains are the residence of many species such as orchids, benjamin figs, banyans and cycads. There, tourists can also have chance to see endemic animals of Halong bay like golden monkeys, flying squirrels, silver-headed parrots, bats and butterflies.
Ba Ham Lake is an outstanding site on Halong Bay where still remains untouched natural scenery and special ecological environment.
Some 2-3 km southeast of Trong Mai Islet lies Bo Nau Cave or Pelican Cave. This vaulted grotto covers 200 m2. The floor of the grotto is wide and flat, but not deep, and its wall features lots of stalactites and stalagmites.


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Five minutes with Andrew Lane
We speak with Andrew Lane, managing director of employee-owned Union Industries – the Yorkshire-based specialist in heavy manufacturing. He tells us about the importance of the interview, getting young people into industry and why making the wrong decision is not something to fear.
Describe your organisation's purpose
Our purpose is to provide shareholder value to our employees whilst maintaining our unique culture and brand values. But it goes further. For us, the purpose is to build on the foundations laid by former owners who built the business from nothing and engendered it with a passion to be the absolute best.
How would you describe the culture at your organisation and how do you maintain it?
There are two parts to our organisational culture. Firstly, our focus. "We've never missed a deadline so nobody wants to be the first person to do so." We're absolutely focused on the job at hand and we go to extraordinary lengths to retain our strong reputation. We once hired a farm tractor and trailer to get through a snow drift to reach a supplier and pick up their goods so we could bring them back to the facility to complete the project.
The second part of our culture is to have fun. You hear laughter and jokes as you walk the corridors – people enjoy working here. We maintain it by being really, really picky when it comes to recruitment. When we interview, we do it with a panel from across the business. We don't want a rotten apple getting into the barrel. I've seen that happen in bigger businesses and I don't want it happen at Union Industries.
How does your organisation prepare for the future world of work?
It can be quite difficult. The nature of our organisation means we need people who want to work in manufacturing. But we are coming to an age when the younger generations don't tend to see manufacturing as a viable career path. We need metalworkers, fabric workers and skilled craftsmen – but it is becoming increasingly difficult to find them. We are looking at starting our own apprenticeship scheme, which would equip young people with useful skills, while retaining the kind of workers we need for our business.
In your experience, what is the best way to build diverse teams?
We tend not to attract the corporate type. We are best described as a collection of misfits, which is great when it comes to generating ideas.
For me, what somebody has done with their First from Oxford is less important than someone who's built a motorbike in a shed. When we interview people we don't want standard answers, we're looking for people with personality. We're looking for energy and enthusiasm, not necessarily qualifications.
What has been the biggest challenge to your growth and how have you tackled it?
Growth is complicated. While 'growth for growth's sake' is something some companies follow, we are resolute that it has to be delivered in line with our core values of quality and customer service.
One of the great things about our employee ownership structure is that we, as senior executives, are accountable to the employee stakeholders. This means that we have to deliver them value rather than just growth.
What has been the best decision your organisation has ever made?
The best decision we have ever made was moving from a conventionally owned structure to an employee ownership one. It's far more rewarding.
What one decision would you go back and change if you could?
We have done some things wrong in our time – and we've also had entirely unexpected outcomes. But I wouldn't reverse these decisions – I learned far too much along the way. In fact, "I have no problem with making decisions that need to be reversed because that's the only way I'll keep learning."


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Permalink: http://mix4fun.com/42134809/Minecraft-Pocket-Edition-0-...
Content Video from Youtube (external)
Title Minecraft Pocket Edition 0.11.0 Beta Livestream (Beta Test Alpha Build 9)
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Description Minecraft Pocket Edition 0.11.0 Beta Livestream (Beta Test) Build 9 Mojang is holding a 0.11.0 beta to Android and I was lucky enough to get into it. I'll be going through and trying to uncover...


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Saturday, June 27, 2009
My Rather Regency Shrug
After a wee hiatus, I finally have a contribution for the blog! I just finished knitting this little shrug today, my first sweater-y item. Actually, I still have to crochet a contrasting border, but it can be worn as is. I like it, it's very Jane Austenesque! Sabine (aka "Beeners") helped me weed the garden. Thanks to Tom for taking the pics. Here's a link to the free pattern by Stefanie Japel. --L
Posted by VOGUE VIGILANTE at 2:24 PM 1 comment: Links to this post
Sunday, June 21, 2009
One Buck Hat
Look what I found at a local garage sale!!! Not only is it the perfect lil' summer vintage hat, but I also snagged it for only one measly little dollar. That's what I'm talking about!!! -S
Posted by VOGUE VIGILANTE at 1:21 PM No comments: Links to this post
Friday, June 12, 2009
Summertime Hosting
The Rea sisters & Tom hosted a little dinner party the other night and pulled out all of the vintage linens & tableware for the occasion. The dinner was small but elegant and of course 100% vegetarian. The food itself wasn't terribly fancy but very tasty: chili & rice, corn bread, hummus with veggies, and strawberry rhubarb crisp for dessert. I think we need to have some friends for tea soon especially if just to use the beautiful pink teapot (birthday present for last year - sister to sister). -S
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Kingspan Kooltherm K7 Pitched Roof Board is the rafter / joist level insulation comprising a premium performance rigid thermoset phenolic insulation core faced on both sides with a low emissivity composite foil facing. This reflective, low emissivity surface improves the thermal resistance of any unventilated cavity adjacent to the board. The product is manufactured with a blowing agent that has zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and low Global Warming Potential (GWP).
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Kingspan Store provides a quick and convenient way to purchase Insulation. Whether you want your product delivered to site or picked up at a local collection point ordering Kingspan Insulation has never been easier.


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Green Bee Eater (Merops Orientalis)
The Green Bee Eaters are one of my favorite species of birds. It is also known as "Hariyala" in northern
. I just love watching this bird in my spare time. Every thing about this bird is gracious, whether its her voice which sounds like jingling of tit- tit. For my preference it sounds like she is saying "Tree- tree". India
The Bill of this word is quite long in comparison to its body. A long bill has an effective advantage for bee eater as it provides safety from its prey's bites.
I love the ornamentation on the body of Green Bee eater. The eyes are as if though it uses Mascara (Kajal) apart from a beautiful neck which is ornamented with a prominent black 'necklace'.
I have always observed that the bee eater is more of a territorial bird. It mounts itself on a perch and is always on a look out for bees and insects in the air near by as soon as any action gets scanned it launches an aerial sortie after its prey snapping it up in its bill and circling back gracefully on outstretched motionless wings back to its perch where the victim is thrashed to death and gobbled up.
The Asian Koel:
Although I have posted some close up shots of Asian Koel in my previous postings as well, but this time around I could not resist bringing to notice the eye lid of this bird. Just watch closely the two photographs and you will soon figure out how a membrane like eyelid helps wink this bird.