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On-line version ISSN 2223-6279
Print version ISSN 0379-8577
Curationis vol.38 n.2 Pretoria 2015
Use of the step-up action research model to improve trauma-related nursing educational practice
lelse Seale; Johanna C. de Villiers
School of Nursing, University of the Free State, South Africa
BACKGROUND: A lack of authentic learning opportunities influence the quality of emergency training of nursing students. The purpose of this article is to describe how the step-up action research model was used to improve the quality of trauma-related educational practice of undergraduate nursing students.
OBJECTIVES: To reduce deaths caused by trauma, healthcare workers should be competent to provide emergency care and collaborate effectively with one another.
METHOD: A simulated mass casualty incident, structured to support the integration of theory into practice, became a more rigorous action research activity which focused on the quality improvement of the mass casualty incident.
RESULTS: The results indicated improved student learning; partnership appreciation; improved student coping mechanisms, and increased student exposure. Quality emergency training thus results in better real-life collaboration in emergency contexts.
CONCLUSION: The step-up action research model proved to be a collaborative and flexible process. To improve the quality and rigour of educational programmes it is therefore recommended that the step-up action research model be routinely used in the execution of educational practices.
The statistics of people seriously injured and dying in motor vehicle accidents are high worldwide. According to a Global status report on road safety 2013, 'road accidents kill more than 1,24 million people annually' (WHO 2013). How many of these deaths could have been prevented by immediate effective interventions? Hogan and Boone (2008:681) point to what is known as the 'golden hour' in trauma intervention. This concept arose from French casualty data during the First World War, where patients treated within one hour after sustaining an injury had a 10% mortality rate, whereas those treated eight hours after an injury had a 75% mortality rate. Early scene interventions where patients are classified according to the severity of their injuries are the most important medical function at a mass casualty incident (MCI) (Garner et al. 2001:541). To reduce deaths caused by trauma, healthcare workers should be competent to provide emergency care and effectively collaborate with each other, especially during the golden hour. The researchers therefore realise that patient outcomes could be enhanced when healthcare workers understand the dynamics of collaboration with each other in trauma-related situations.
Green and Purvis (2004:14) state that opportunities for the placement of undergraduate students in emergency-care settings are limited. This lack of opportunities might influence the quality of their training, making simulation an option worth considering. Onda (2011:e273, e274, e277) states that simulation is a valuable teaching and learning strategy that promotes situated learning, clinical reasoning and problem solving and provides realistic environments. Simulation therefore provides an efficacious alternative opportunity for learning in an authentic environment. It is an innovative teaching and learning strategy that can be used in almost all levels of nursing education to improve skills and critical thinking in a safe environment (Rothgeb 2008:493).
The purpose of this article is to describe how the step-up action research (AR) model (Seale, Wilkinson & Erasmus 2005:215) was used to improve the quality of trauma-related nursing educational practice within an undergraduate nursing programme, where students participate in a simulated MCI together with various healthcare workers.
The article commences with a situational context to provide readers with background information. This is followed by a statement of the paradigm and the methodological principles, and a description of the step-up AR model. The results of AR set one are discussed and brief mention of set two is made, after which the article is concluded.
Situational context
At the School of Nursing, University of the Free State (UFS), the degree programme uses outcomes-based education (OBE), which is a student-centred teaching and learning approach. This approach is aligned to the constructivist principle of making meaning, where students rebuild their knowledge based on new experiences (Rodgers 2007:73). In OBE the aim is that students will gain knowledge, skills and attitudes in order to become lifelong learners and fulfil meaningful professional roles through the integration of theory and practice in real-life situations (Maree & Fraser 2004:4). Emergency care is included in the four-year professional degree programme (hereafter the degree) as a vertical curriculum strand where life-support practices are developed across all four years. The emergency care theme is presented by means of lectures, case studies, practical demonstrations and authentic simulations, and is assessed annually by means of written and practical examinations.
The MCI is simulated in the third year of the degree as one of the main learning strategies in addition to reallife exposure to integrate theory and practice. The first simulation was a taxi accident scene which took place on a busy road next to a male residence on the campus. There were many incidental onlookers such as students and campus personnel. Qualified emergency healthcare providers facilitated the scene. Half of the students simulated victims with injuries and the other half simulated emergency healthcare providers. The students simulating healthcare providers had to act on the scene upon arrival. Apart from the theoretical lecture in class, no guidance was given to the students regarding the MCI.
After this first MCI simulation, the facilitators of the School of Nursing reviewed and improved it annually. The review of the simulation became a more rigorous AR initiative to improve the quality of this trauma-related educational strategy. The paradigm and methodology of this initiative are addressed in the next section.
This research was grounded in a phenomenological paradigm which assumes that knowledge can be created on the basis of personal and professional experience and reflection on this experience (Zuber-Skerritt & Fletcher 2007:423). AR within this paradigm was used as the research method. The classic description of AR includes aspects such as interlinked action and reflection to improve one's own work situation, participation in decision-making and making experiences public (Altrichter et al. 2002:129, 130). Quality AR should meet certain principles, amongst which self-criticism, reflection and ethical implementation are imperative. AR should improve practice and include all stakeholders, including those who will be affected by the research. This research contributes to theoretical and practical knowledge within and across systems through rigour and innovation (Zuber-Skerritt & Fletcher 2007:417J.
Population and sample
The population for the study consisted of all the participants in the MCI. The purposive sample consisted of three groups of people, which included all those who took part in the MCI: (1) the third-year nursing students (N = 29), (2) the faculty members involved in the third-year programme (N = 5) and (3) external partners, who comprised paramedics (N = 30), staff members of police force (N = 2), one traffic policeman, fire brigade personnel (N = 5), ambulance services (N = 10), defence force (N = 3) and protection services (N = 2) at the UFS.
Purposive sampling for AR set two took place the following year and also included the three groups of people who took part in the MCI of that year. The three groups were: (1) the third-year nursing students (N = 45), (2) the faculty members involved in the third-year programme (N = 5) and (3) external partners, who comprised paramedics (N = 25), staff members consisting of one police person, one traffic policeman, fire brigade members (N = 4), ambulance services personnel (N = 8), the hospital emergency unit staff (N = 6) and one protection services member at the UFS.
Data collection
Data was collected by means of multiple sources and was classified according to the taxonomy given by Mills (2007:4, 49), namely, examining, experiencing and enquiring (refer Table 1). Quantitative data were collected from the students by using a questionnaire that served as the primary source. The questionnaire was peer reviewed by faculty members before it was used. Essential content of the questionnaire was identified through a brainstorming session attended by the faculty members (see student questionnaire column in Table 4). At this session, each staff member generated as many ideas as they could about the problem in question. To avoid misinterpretations of the data, open-ended responses as well as responses to set questions were included in the questionnaire. The open-ended responses improved the validity of the data by including the authenticity of the student voice (Botma et al. 2010:134).
Supportive qualitative data was collected from the rest of the population through minutes of meetings, reflective discussions and observation. The supportive data were triangulated with the primary data to improve the validity and rigour (Mertens 2010:298).
Data analysis
The quantitative data gathered were analysed by the faculty members. The data were entered into a spreadsheet, printed and checked. Descriptive statistics, namely frequencies and percentages, were calculated.
The five faculty members applied deductive interpretive reasoning during the analysis of the qualitative data. In accordance with the deductive process (Botma et al. 2010:194), suitable phrases or words that relate to the South African critical cross-field outcomes1 which seemed to be appropriate to the specific MCI context were searched. Consensus about categorising the data according to these outcomes was reached and a paper trail was kept, thus enhancing rigour.
Trustworthiness or gaining a true understanding of the data was achieved by four strategies (Botma et al. 2010:235). The credibility and dependability of the analysed data were ensured through member checking (with research participants) and peer debriefing (with other researchers) (Mertens 2010:257, 431). The data were described as clearly as possible to enable transferability in other contexts. Confirmability was addressed through triangulation. Data triangulation involved the inclusion of perceptions from all participants to strengthen the interpretation and ensure validity and rigour (Botma et al. 2010:235; Mertens 2010:429).
Ethical clearance was granted for the study by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences (UFS). The principles for ethical practice (axiology) of qualitative research were followed as described by Mertens (2010:16-18) to ensure rigor with regard to privacy, informed consent, confidentiality, honesty, that no harm was done and that ethical standards were maintained. All the students had to take part in the MCI as part of their curriculum. In order to be included in the study they had to agree by means of a written consent to the publication of the research outcomes.
In the next section, the implementation of the step-up model is discussed.
Step-up model in action: Set one
The AR spiral model consists of four phases: planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The step-up model (Figure 1) adapted from the spiral model consists of ascending AR steps, where each step represents an AR set or time period, each of which, in turn, consists of two phases, namely a reflection phase and an action phase (Seale et al. 2005:215).
In the first AR set (Figure 1), the faculty members involved in teaching the third-year students reflected on the simulated MCI and documented plans for new actions to be performed in the following two years. Seale et al. (2005:216) explain that, during the reflection phase of a set (Figure 1, number 4), reflection and planning are the forerunners of the action phase (Figure 1, number 3), where the planned actions will be implemented and data collected.
The selection and preparation of the actions for AR set one took place at the planning point of the step-up model (Figure 1, number 2) and initiated the departure of the action phase (Figure 1, number 3). Observation (the process of data collection, analysis and interpretation), as part of the action phase, took place during and after the MCI and was documented carefully throughout.
Within each step-up AR set, multitudes of intermingled AR cycles occur to signify formative reflection. This is illustrated by using a diagonal line in the form of a spiral (Figure 1, number 5) that cuts through each reflection point (Figure 1, number 1). Perpendicular upward movement of the action phase represents quality improvement and change taking place during the implementation. Seale et al. (2005:215) explain that knowledge production is a result of the processes of reflection and innovative redesigning. The horizontal forward movement of the reflection phase to the right indicates the contribution to scholarly knowledge (Figure 1, number 6).
The goals and complementary actions of the MCI that the AR initiative focused on are represented in Table 2.
Actions of set one
The first action for AR set one was to align the learning experience of the MCI outcomes with the critical cross-field outcomes (Table 3). The simulated MCI was adapted to include more of the notions embedded in the critical cross-field outcomes.
The second action for AR set one was to form mixed teams of partners for the MCI implementation to promote partnership appreciation. The aim of this action was to foster professional respect between the nursing students and the emergency healthcare providers who assisted the students in order to promote inter-disciplinary collaboration. The importance of this aspect is recognised by, for example, Melby (2000:644), who states that the unique skills of other professionals are essential if collaborative relationships are to be formed.
The main partner was the Central University of Technology (CUT). The CUT offers a three-year diploma in Emergency Medical Care and Rescue designed for paramedics. In the CUT curriculum experiential learning is the principal teaching and learning approach. It was thus within these partnerships that shared implementation of the MCI took place.
The third action for AR set one, namely debriefing on the MCI to optimise coping behaviour, involved all the role-players. Rodgers (2007:15) describes debriefing as a means of encouraging students to reflect on action and a stimulus for them to consider how to change their actions in order to improve learning.
As part of action four of AR set one, smaller team groups with more casualties were used to increase student exposure.
Groups of eight students were allocated to a final-year paramedic student, who acted as a facilitator for the group, instead of sending all the students into the simulation to participate at once without close guidance. The rationale was to broaden student learning opportunities and, at the same time, to have the students supported by the paramedics.
Results, discussion and reflection
The results, discussion and reflection follow in the next section.
Results and discussion of actions research set one
The critical cross-field outcomes served as broad themes for the data analysis of all four actions. Table 4 summarises the quantitative results of the 29 student questionnaires jointly, with the qualitative results of all the participants related to all four actions for AR set one.
Student learning was enhanced through structuring the MCI according to the critical cross-field outcomes (action 1). Most students (83%) said they could apply theory to practice reflecting their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Problem solving was enhanced by the MCI experience, since learning took place whilst victims were prioritised on the disaster scene.
Action two, to promote partnership appreciation, was evident in more than one of the critical outcomes. One of the students indicated that the trained group leader 'directed what needed to be done', everyone was 'put at ease' and the group leader helped to 'organise the whole group'. This gratitude towards a paramedic supported the critical outcome of communicating effectively. A study done by Melby (2000:638) on the experiential learning experience of nursing students in emergency-care settings confirms that an appreciation of the skills and abilities of paramedics forms the foundation for enhanced inter-professional collaboration in this setting. It can thus be accepted that the experiences gained by the UFS students regarding collaborative appreciation will also promote their understanding of the critical outcome where they see the health sciences world as part of a set of related systems. The quantitative data supported this aspect, since a positive attitude change towards role-players was experienced by 55% of the students.
The continuous reflective debriefing to improve student coping mechanisms (action 3) is represented by the intermingled AR cycles on the diagonal line of the model (Figure 1, number 5) referred to as 'formative reflection' by Seale et al. (2005:216). Seale et al. (2005:216) argue that reflection processes contribute to both the quality improvement of the project involved and to knowledge production (Figure 1, number 6). A number of students experienced the debriefing as empowering and felt that they had learnt what had gone wrong and what had gone right (Table 4). During the debriefing and reflection sessions with the students, reflective recommendations for improvement were made (Table 5). These recommendations were implemented during AR set two. The effect of these recommendations as seen by the facilitators is documented in Table 5. Students suggested that mock injuries (moulage) would be more realistic. Upon reflection, the facilitators felt that the authenticity of the MCI improved and resulted in quality. Additional information sessions, with real-life scenarios, were arranged for the students before the next MCI. The facilitators agreed that the application and integration of knowledge improved, which may result in critical thinking and deep learning.
Working in smaller groups to increase student exposure, each with a paramedic group leader (action 4), exposed more students to the MCI activity. Students' comments on effective communication such as the delegation of tasks and the coordination of actions testify to the value of the leader in the smaller groups (Table 4). It is noteworthy to point out that many of the problems faced in disasters are not caused by shortcomings in medical competence but stem from failures in leadership and management (Alexander, Bandiera & Mazurik 2005:40). As a recommendation, the critical cross-field outcome to manage self is an important aspect to focus on in future incidents, as the students realised that they should stay focused, be patient and not panic (Table 4).
Reflection on actions research set one
AR set one is represented by one step of the step-up model. As mentioned previously, each step represents an AR set, where each set consists of two phases, namely a reflection phase (Figure 1, number 4) and an action phase (Figure 1, number 3). Formative reflection, indicated by the intermingled AR circles (Figure 1, number 5), occurred throughout the action phase and involved all the faculty members, with only occasional involvement of the other partners.
Summative reflection on the results took place annually at the reflection points (Figure 1, number 1). Seale et al. (2005:216) explain that the planning point (Figure 1, number 2) provides a basis for the identification and implementation of actions. This planning point extends the reflection process and leads to knowledge production and innovative redesign. The forward movement to the right of the reflection phase indicates the contribution to knowledge creation (Figure 1, number 6), such as this scholarly article. The upward movement of the action phase represents the quality improvement of the MCI and student learning.
Background of actions research set two
When AR set two commenced, the MCI was implemented as previously in the field, but this time it entailed a stampede during a soccer match. At the same time, an additional MCI took place in a hospital-based environment in the big trauma unit of one of the provincial hospitals to promote student learning related to trauma in a hospital setting. The hospital's trauma coordinator welcomed the idea as he wanted to test the readiness of the new trauma unit.
The student questionnaire used for AR set one was reused for AR set two, but with the addition of questions pertaining to the MCI in the hospital. The roles were expanded where the trauma nurse and doctor were included. A briefing session related to the complex setup in the hospital before the MCI was included in the preparation of the students.
Brief discussion of actions research set two
The full set of results related to AR set two will not be discussed here. The focus of this set was on the trauma unit in the hospital setting. Mention will be made only of the results of the additional questions (Table 6). As shown in Table 6, 40% of the students found the briefing before the MCI helpful. The value of a trauma nurse is referred to by one of the students, who described their ability to 'act fast and thoroughly so that lives can be saved'. The briefing before the MCI promoted the managing of self (Table 6). Students commented on aspects such as confidence, and an ability to prioritise and act fast.
Other references to the group leader's characteristics were expressed as 'guidance', 'instruction' and 'responsibility'. The added role-players (trauma nurse and trauma doctor) were described as 'organised' and 'capable'. Uys and Gwele (2005:218) state that collaboration from various professions provides rich learning experiences. In this case, the students saw how the individual activities of the various role-players came together to serve the greater purpose and thus promote full understanding.
The value of the research done on the simulated MCIs contexts described above is twofold. In view of the analysis of the collected data the researchers concluded that the focus on a combination of life skills (critical cross-field outcomes) and programme outcomes had a positive impact on the attitudes of students towards the partners. Quality emergency training thus results in a positive attitude between partners, with possible better real-life collaboration in various emergency contexts. One can conclude, furthermore, that the implementation of the critical outcomes was promoted during the MCI.
Secondly, the step-up AR model, as a method of enquiry, provided a structured framework to describe how it was used to improve the quality of trauma-related nursing educational practice, within a nursing programme. The step-up AR model proved to be a collaborative process that improves educational practice. The action phase contributed to the quality of the emergency care programme and the reflection phase contributed to the creation of knowledge of the discipline. One of the facilitators of the students made the following significant comment: 'The step-up model provided structure and rigour to the research process, but allowed for flexibility during the implementation which would not be possible with traditional research.' To improve the quality and rigour of educational programmes, it is therefore recommended that the step-up AR model be routinely used in the execution of educational practices.
This Web address below links to a video clip of the MCI: <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sWDm9jE0S4>
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no financial or personal relationships which may have inappropriately influenced them in writing this article.
Authors' contributions
Both authors I.S. (University of the Free State) and J.C.d.V. (University of the Free State) contributed equally to the writing of this article.
Alexander, A.J., Bandiera, G.W. & Mazurik, L., 2005, 'A multiphase disaster training exercise for emergency medicine residents: Opportunity knocks', Academic Emergency Medicine: Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine 12(5), 404-409. PMID: 15860693, http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2004.11.025 [ Links ]
Altrichter, H., Kemmis, S., Mctaggart, R. & Zuber-Skerritt, O., 2002, 'The concept of action research', The Learning Organisation 9(3), 125-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09696470210428840 [ Links ]
Botma, Y., Greef, M., Mulaudzi, F.N. & Wright, S.C., 2010, Research in health sciences, Pearson Education South Africa, Cape Town. [ Links ]
Garner, A., Lee, A., Harrison, K. & Schultz, C.H., 2001, 'Comparative analysis of multiple-casualty incident triage algorithms', Annals of Emergency Medicine 38(5), 541-548. PMID: 11679866, http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mem.2001.119053 [ Links ]
Green, D. & Purvis, V., 2004, 'Nurturing our future - A discovery program in emergency', Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal 7(2), 1-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1328-2743(04)80020-8 [ Links ]
Hogan, M. & Boone, D., 2008, 'Trauma education and assessment', Injury 39, 681-685. PMID: 18502425, http://dx.doi.org/10.101/j.injury.2008.02.009 [ Links ]
Maree, J. & Fraser, W., 2004, Outcomes-based assessment, Heinemann, Sandowne. [ Links ]
Melby, V., 2000, 'Experiential learning in pre-hospital emergency care: A qualitative study', Nurse Education Today 20(8), 638-645. PMID: 11090311, http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/nedt.2000.0496 [ Links ]
Mertens, D.M., 2010, Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods, 3rd edn., Sage, CA. [ Links ]
Mills, G., 2007, Action research: A guide for the teacher researcher, Pearson Prentice Hall, NJ. [ Links ]
Onda, E.L., 2011, 'Situated cognition: Its relationship to simulation in nursing education', Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 8(7), e273-e280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2010.11.004 [ Links ]
Rodgers, D.L., 2007, High-fidelity patient simulation: A descriptive white paper report, viewed 11 September 2012, from http://simstrategies.com/downloads/Simulation%20White%20Paper2.pdf. [ Links ]
Rothgeb, M., 2008, 'Creating a nursing simulation laboratory: A literature review', Journal of Nursing Education 47(11), 489-494. PMID: 19010046. [ Links ]
Seale, I., Wilkinson, A. & Erasmus, M., 2005, 'A step-up action-research model for the revitalisation of service learning modules', Acta Academica Supplementum 3, 203-229. [ Links ]
South African Qualifications Authority Act 58 of 1995, 1995.
Uys, L.R. & Gwele, N.S., 2005, Curriculum development in nursing: Process and innovation, Routledge, New York. [ Links ]
Van der Horst, H. & Mc Donald, R., 2005, Outcomes-based education: Theory and practice, Tee Vee Printers and Publishers, Irene. [ Links ]
Vasuthevan, S. & Viljoen, M., 2003, Educating for better health: A handbookfor health care professionals, Juta and Co, Lansdowne. [ Links ]
WHO (World Health Organization), 2013, Global status report on road safety 2013: Supporting a decade of action, World Health Organization, Geneva, viewed 19 May 2015, from http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/road_traffic/en/ [ Links ]
Zuber-Skerritt, O. & Fletcher, M., 2007, 'The quality of an action research thesis in the social sciences', Quality Assurance in Education 15(4), 413-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684880710829983 [ Links ]
lelse Seale
Private Bag X20630, Bloemfontein 9300
South Africa
Received: 11 Mar. 2015
Accepted: 23 Aug. 2015
Published: 23 Oct. 2015
1 Critical cross-field outcomes are the broad, cross-curricular outcomes that underpin the learning process in all its facets (Van der Horst & Mc Donald 2005; Vasuthevan & Viljoen 2003). These outcomes are given legal form as generic skills for all teach ing and learning, as stated in the South African Qualifications Authority Act (1995).


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MOVIE REVIEW- Firm set: 'Hairspray' a dancing laugh riot
Hairspray may be bad for the ozone layer, but Hairspray is good for everything else. It's a singing, dancing, laugh riot that, because it originated in the mind of John Waters, is subversive– in a positive way.
After earning a reputation as the "sultan of sleaze" with Pink Flamingos and other cult favorites, Waters surprised everyone by going "PG" with Hairspray in 1988. Out was anything gay– unless you count casting Divine as the mother of the main character– and anything more sexual than a kiss. In were memories of Waters' high school days in Baltimore, in the early years of the civil rights movement when integration was a controversial concept.
Hairspray became a Broadway musical in 2002 with music by Marc Shaiman and lyrics by Scott Wittman. They've added a couple of new songs for the new movie, and screenwriter Leslie Dixon has rewritten a lot of the second act, cutting the jailhouse sequence ("The Big Dollhouse"); but Waters' concept shines through, as does his sense of humor. As he will tell you, he hasn't gone mainstream; he just stayed still until the mainstream moved to where he was.
Nikki Blonsky is the new star born as Tracy Turnblad, the full-figured bundle of energy whose dream is to dance on The Corny Collins Show, Baltimore's local version of American Bandstand. In 1962, Dick Clark's show was the closest thing to what American Idol is today, giving national exposure to youngsters and making them celebrities among their peers. Teenagers everywhere ran home from school to watch that show or its local equivalents, just as Tracy and her friend Penny Pingleton (Amanda Bynes) do in the movie.
Host Corny Collins (James Marsden) clashes with station manager Velma Von Tussle (Michelle Pfeiffer), who bows and scrapes to the sponsor (Paul Dooley) but otherwise rules with an iron fist. She represents the status quo and sees to it there's only one "Negro Day" a month, when black kids can dance in a separate but equal space under the watchful eye of record store owner Motormouth Maybelle (Queen Latifah). "We have to steer (the kids) in the white direction," Velma puns in a rare show of humor.
The show's reigning Baltimore Idols are Velma's daughter, Amber (Brittany Snow), and her boyfriend– or at least dance partner- Link Larkin (Zac Efron of High School Musical), both classmates of Tracy's.
Tracy gets a couple of lucky breaks. First she's sent to detention, where she's the only white student. There she meets Seaweed Stubbs (Elijah Kelley), who will become Penny's boyfriend, and learns some new moves; then she impresses Corny Collins at a record hop and is picked for an opening on his show, quickly becoming Amber's chief rival.
When Velma gets nasty and cancels "Negro Day," Tracy decides some things are more important than dancing and turns activist, leading a protest march with Maybelle. The comedy stops for a few minutes as Tracy speaks movingly of the need for the future to be better, and Maybelle sings the anthem, "I Know Where I've Been."
Did I mention Wilbur (Christopher Walken) and Edna (John Travolta), Tracy's hard-working parents? Wilbur owns and operates a novelty shop, the Hardy Har Hut. The family lives upstairs, where Edna runs an "occidental laundry" and never goes outside: "The neighbors haven't seen me since I was a size 10." The parents have a love song, "(You're) Timeless to Me," late in the movie. It's a sweet and funny dance number, choreographed by director Adam Shankman, but doesn't end with a kiss. Someone was obviously concerned about what mainstream audiences would accept in a movie about accepting differences.
Shankman's dual role must have caused him internal conflict. The film is so much about dancing, yet wide-screen photography and modern, frantic editing styles don't allow it to be shown to best advantage.
Travolta, following in the two-inch heels of Divine and Harvey Fierstein, is okay as Edna, really getting into the spirit in her dance numbers; but he doesn't have his predecessors' experience in drag, and it shows. With an otherworldly accent (except when he's singing), he looks and sounds like a character Lily Tomlin discarded as not up to her standards.
Pfeiffer is terrific, reminding us of her singing in Grease 2 and The Fabulous Baker Boys, and doing her most outrageous comedy since Married to the Mob. Latifah's back in Chicago mode, gunning for another Oscar nomination in a very different role. Allison Janney scores laughs as Penny's ultra-conservative mother. Speaking of Oscars, engrave one for costume designer Rita Ryack, who fills the screen with a colorful pastiche of period styles.
The young cast impresses too. Nikki Blonsky should have a career, but there are just so many Tracy Turnblad and Ugly Betty roles for young actresses, unless this movie's message reaches people and changes things. Efron doesn't have to worry. He can graduate from High School Musicals to College Musicals, then start over playing a teacher in High School Musical: The Remake. Or, being handsome and talented, he can branch out and do other things. Elijah Kelley should find the sky's the limit for him.
Waters is perfectly cast in an opening scene cameo. Rikki Lake and Jerry Stiller, from the 1988 film, also make appearances, Lake flanked by Shankman and Shaiman.
Hairspray celebrates how far we've come, finding humor in where we've come from, but doesn't pretend we don't have a long way to go. Interracial dating seemed a lot more edgy in 1988 than it does today, but it will still ruffle a few feathers, and if a man can't kiss a man who's playing a woman... Well, maybe there's a whole 'nother musical to be written about that.


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This post hits home for me (*gets on soap box*). In America we have a major problem with the Joneses. They (the Joneses) buy something, and then something within our nature compels us to try and keep up with them. Even though as a family their net income is five times our gross income. That doesn't matter, if we don't keep up with them we feel less than, unimportant, or incomplete. It is truly a sad state of affairs, when our self worth is attached to what we own or what we can (or cannot purchase). But do not despair, there is hope! (*steps off soap box*)
As a grad student you can live within your means provided you plan ahead. The easiest thing to do is to create a budget. This is fairly easy to do. I would recommend using Mint.com. The software enables you to track your spending and analyze your purchasing habits. But making a budget is not enough, you must follow it.
In addition to using mint, I also keep a simple ledger where I personally track my spending each month. I use an excel spreadsheet to balance my checkbook. It's not perfect but it helps me stay within my means. And believe it or not because I have balanced my budget in grad school, I have not had to take out any loans. I will graduate with my PhD without borrowing any money. You can do it too. All you have to do is plan.
The FTOD is make a budget and follow it. Simple to say but hard to do, but worth it in the end. Be well friends!


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How well do you know the Code? Think you can spot violations the original installer either ignored or couldn't identify? Here's your chance to moonlight as an electrical inspector and second-guess someone else's work from the safety of your living room or office. It's your turn to identify the violation.
Hint: Problem with your depth perception?
Find the Answer
Even extra-long 6/32 machine screws won't make this Code violation disappear.
According to 314.20, boxes, plaster rings, extension rings, or listed extenders using a flush-type cover or faceplate installed "in walls and ceilings constructed of wood or other combustible surface material, shall be flush with the finished surface or project there from." The combustible wooden wall surface shown here could easily ignite if exposed to arcs or sparks from a short-circuit or ground-fault event occurring in this box. It's important to note that Section 314.20 does permit the front edge of these enclosures to be set back from the finished surface a maximum of ¼ in. only where the wall or ceiling surface is made of a non-combustible material.
In addition, 404.10(B) requires flush-type snap switches to be installed so that the extension plaster ears are seated against the surface, when mounted in boxes that are set back of the finished surface as permitted in 314.20. Flush-type snap switches shall be installed so that the mounting yoke or strap of the switch is seated against the box when mounted in boxes that are flush with the finished surface or project from it. Neither the box nor the switches were installed correctly in this installation.


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Want to hear more?
Got a question about IFS or our solutions?
Our contact form or local phone numbers can be found on the Contact Us page.
You are visiting the Sverige site. You might be interested in the United States site.
Regardless of the nature of your maintenance or service management challenge, IFS has a solution for you. Need to deliver mobile maintenance software to field service technicians? Need mobile maintenance business software in your highly complex and serialized maintenance repair and overhaul (MRO) environment? Perhaps you need to meet and document compliance with service level agreements (SLAs), or optimize the schedule for your technicians based on multiple dynamic factors. IFS can handle all this and more across as many technicians, transactions, assets, sites, locations or countries as you require. And you can get as much IFS Enterprise Asset Management or IFS Field Service Management functionality as you need to back it up.
Got a question about IFS or our solutions?
Our contact form or local phone numbers can be found on the Contact Us page.
This NEW IFS study provides insight into the extent to which enterprise data is accessible on mobile devices like smartphones and tablets while engaging in maintenance work. High Level Findings: Companies currently involved with industrial maintenance report relatively low levels of and quality of access to enterprise service and asset management data from mobile devices.


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A Letter to the Editor in the Oct. 23 Tomahawk Leader:
Dear Editor:
Wisconsin is number one!
In 2005, Wisconsin had the highest prevalence of alcohol use in the country, according to the recently released Wisconsin Epidemiological Profile Report. Wisconsin adults had the highest rate of chronic heavy drinking, binge drinking and per capita alcohol consumption in the nation. Wisconsin high school students reported the highest rate of alcohol use and the fifth highest rate of binge drinking.
Yet even more alarming, adolescents in northern Wisconsin drink more than the state average according to the Wisconsin Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. We know that underage drinking leads to increases in family problems, car crashes, high-risk sex, youth violence and countless other problems.
Unfortunately, heavy drinking is embedded in our culture, making it hard to admit that we have a serious problem in our community. A recent poll on the WJFW- TV 12 web site indicated that a 2-1 majority did not believe that we have a binge drinking problem.
We are in denial.
Most people who drink do so in moderation. However, as a therapist and educator in the substance abuse and mental health field for over 25 years, I have seen first-hand the devastating effect of alcoholism on individuals and their families. Like many of you, I have seen it in my own family.
The good news is that alcoholism is a medical disease that can be successfully treated – usually through counseling and Alcoholics Anonymous. Recovery rates are equal to or better than recovery rates from other chronic diseases.
Recovery takes courage and hard work, but it starts with admitting that we have a problem in the first place.
Pat Dugan
We are in denial
Letters to the Editor from the Tomahawk Leader.
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|August 2012
|OKLAHOMA'S eGOV NEWS REPORT
Welcome to Oklahoma's eGovernment News Report. We hope you enjoy the monthly report providing you with up-to-date information on Oklahoma's eGovernment achievements.
OKLAHOMA CITY — With the Labor Day weekend approaching and heavy highway travel expected, the Oklahoma Insurance Department is highlighting a new tool to help drivers who are involved in a crash.
According to the Oklahoma Highway Safety Office, more than 69,000 wrecks occur every year in Oklahoma. However, according to a July 2012 survey from the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC), many Americans do not know what steps to take or basic information to share — or not share — after an accident. They may even put their identities and safety at risk by sharing too much personal information. The new WreckCheck mobile application from the NAIC can help eliminate that risk.
"The last thing you're probably thinking about after a crash is protecting your privacy," says Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner John D. Doak. "Understanding what information to share will help keep you safe after an accident and decrease some of the challenges of filing a claim later on. The WreckCheck app will take the guesswork out of what information to give after a crash."
The recent NAIC survey revealed consumers were unsure about auto accident best practices, such as when to call the police or what personal information to exchange with the other driver after an accident. Consumers generally need only share their names and correct vehicle insurance information, which should include the phone numbers of insurance providers. Sharing additional personal information, such as driver's license numbers and home addresses, puts consumers, their property and their safety at risk. The most common misperceptions and associated risks were:
For parents who worry about their children's whereabouts when they leave the house - there's an app for that.
Amber Alert GPS introduced a device and corresponding app Wednesday that allows parents to rest easy when the kids are away. The new device boasts GPS technology, AT&T connectivity and a corresponding online portal.
This protection package features unique alerts for your child's safety. Not only can users track their child's whereabouts through GPS and zoning, they also have access to a two-way calling function as well as an SOS button. Want to be able to contact your kid sans cell phone? This is the device for you.
Amber Alert GPS has also integrated the National Sex Offender database. Whenever your child is within 500 feet of a registered offender's home, you will be alerted via text and/or email.
The free Amber Alert Parent app brings all of these features to your fingertips. The app is currently available exclusively to Android users, but an iOS version is in the works.
What's Inside
Department of Central Services Online Vendor Registration
Board of Tests Ignition Interlock System
Department of Environmental Quality Licensing System
How Do I Prepare My Family For An Emergency?
Visit Ready Oklahoma's Web site
How Do I Find Drivers' License Information?
Visit the Department of Public Safety's Drivers License Information Site
Monday, November 12
View Upcoming 2012 State Holidays
Oklahoma State Fair
Senior Summit --- OKC
Have an Oklahoma eGovernment story to tell? Want to give us feedback?
OK.gov is the official website of the state of Oklahoma and a collaborative effort between the Oklahoma Office of State Finance (OSF) and Oklahoma Interactive, LLC to help Oklahoma government entities Web-enable their information services. OSF is responsible for OK.gov. Oklahoma Interactive operates, maintains, and markets OK.gov and is part of eGovernment firm NIC's (NASDAQ: EGOV) family of companies.
Learn more about Oklahoma's eGov News Report and view past issues
410 North Walnut, Suite 160 | Oklahoma City, OK 73118
405.524.3468 or Toll Free at 1.800.955.3468


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Australia 20-21 England, Sydney, June 19
England claim famous win against Wallabies
Graham Jenkins
June 19, 2010
England's Ben Youngs dives over to score a try in Sydney
© Getty Images
England claimed an historic 21-20 victory over Australia in their clash at the ANZ Stadium in Sydney on Saturday.
In arguably their finest display since they lifted the Rugby World Cup at the same ground, tries from scrum-half Ben Youngs and winger Chris Ashton inspired England to their first win in the southern hemisphere since that famous night in 2003 with fly-half Toby Flood and his replacement Jonny Wilkinson keeping the Wallabies at bay. Two tries from returning centre Matt Giteau, who contributed all of his side's points, ensured the contest went down to the wire but he was wide with a crucial late penalty that could have won his side the game. In the end, the hosts were undone by a much-improved performance from England packed with energy and vigour that resulted in only the second away win of manager Martin Johnson's reign.
Under pressure to inspire a return to winning ways following his side's 27-17 reverse in Perth last weekend, Johnson gave the dynamic duo of Northampton lock Courtney Lawes and Leicester No.9 Youngs their first Test starts while his Australian counterpart Robbie Deans welcomed Giteau back to his ranks along with scrum-half Will Genia for the latest Cook Cup clash.
Early pressure from England forced the ball loose on the Australia 22 and although they could not breach the home side's defence, a penalty came their way for offside that Flood slotted to give the tourists the lead. A blood injury saw David Wilson replace Dan Cole in the England front row ahead of the eagerly-anticipated first scrum of the game where, as last week, the whistle was quick to go against Australia - this time for an early engagement. But the Wallabies responded with a significant shove of their own at the next set piece that drew cheers from the home crowd and sparked a minor spat.
Tempers flared again shortly after and a punch from England loose-head Tim Payne gifted Australia a penalty and led to a word of warning from referee Romain Poite to both sides. Giteau stepped up to land the penalty and level the scores.
England showed a refreshing willingness to give the ball some air following the restart with wing Chris Ashton injecting a burst of speed, but a promising move was brought to a disappointing end by a knock on from centre Mike Tindall. Australia wing Drew Mitchell was the next to be penalised for a dangerous tackle on England fullback Ben Foden and the resulting lineout saw the visitors pressing once again. Flanker Tom Croft broke the gain line before Tindall showed good strength but again the play broke down with Australia snaffling a turnover and clearing the ball. England continued to dictate proceedings but some careless rucking from a fired-up Steve Thompson on Wallabies lock Nathan Sharpe robbed England of some momentum.
Australia were living off scraps but it proved enough when an early tackle from Lawes allowed Giteau to put his side ahead for the first time with his second penalty. But they were soon chasing the game after a moment of magic from Youngs. A penalty allowed England to take the game to the Australia 22 and from the lineout the Leicester scrum-half collected the ball from club-mate Croft before darting through a gap and scampering away from Wallabies wing Drew Mitchell to score.
Australia's response was swift and equally impressive. A solid scrum in the England midfield was the key and winger Digby Ioane cut England wide open with a superb run, thanks largely to a dummy run from Giteau, who then loomed up on his team-mate's shoulder and gladly accepted the scoring pass before knocking over the simple conversion. A powerful scrum from England was a fine reply but Flood was unable to land the penalty from the half-way line.
Quick ball continued to fuel England's impressive tempo and they were rewarded with another exceptional try. Youngs and Tom Palmer combined well down the short side, with the lock finding Ashton with a neat inside pass, and the prolific winger danced his way through the stretched defence before speeding away for his side's second try. Flood missed the conversion but England had the lead once more.
The see-saw nature of the game continued with an Ioane break driving England back before a stray hand from Croft at the breakdown allowed Giteau the chance to add to his personal tally, but he pushed his latest effort wide of the posts. Winger Mark Cueto was penalised for going off his feet soon after but again Giteau failed to make the kick - this time hitting the post.
Unsurprisingly the contest took on a cagier feel as the half-time approached with the pace of the game seemingly taking its toll.
Australia's ambition was still there to be seen from the restart and they soon back in control of the game. The hosts ignored calls for a knock from England to spark a short side move with silky handling from Will Genia and Cooper putting O'Connor away. He found Mitchell inside who in turn fed Giteau, who raced in for his second try before slotting the easy conversion. The scoreboard continued to tick over when Salesi Ma'afu was penalised at the next scrum which allowed Flood to notch his second penalty.
Another penalty against the Wallabies handed England good field position but the errors that blighted their efforts at the start of the game returned to haunt them. And injuries soon forced changes with Wilkinson returning to the scene of his most famous triumph as a replacement for Flood. The Toulon No.10 made an immediate impact by kicking his side back into the lead after the England pack had once again hammered their opponents at scrum time. Australia then sprung a surprise when awarded a penalty on the England 22 by kicking to the corner but they were thwarted by a determined England defence who claimed a hard-earned penalty.
The game tightened up as it entered the last quarter and an offside penalty against Thompson after a smart break from Wallabies replacement Adam Ashley-Cooper offer Giteau a difficult chance to edge his side ahead once more but his ugly effort went wide of the posts. Australia were soon back on the front foot, with Cooper gliding through, but England were guilty of another sloppy penalty with centre Shontayne Hape taking Giteau out. The indiscretion allowed him a much easier chance to redeem himself but amazingly the experienced Wallabies stalwart was wide again with what was a simple chance.
Tempers boiled over again as the game entered the last five minutes with Wallabies replacement prop James Slipper claiming someone clawed at his eye as the latest scrum collapsed. Australia recovered their composure but a superb steal from Croft allowed Wilkinson to take the game deep into the Wallabies' half as the clock ticked down. It got better for England with the whistle going against Australia at the lineout for a push and Wilkinson had the chance to edge his side towards a famous win with the penalty - but he pushed it wide.
But the England pack came up trumps again at the restart and snuffed the life out of the game to ensure a return to winning ways.
© Scrum.com
Graham Jenkins is the Senior Editor of ESPNscrum.
Communication error please reload the page.


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Each January, teachers and students at the Lincoln Community School dive into an intensive month-long study of a culture different from their own. The tradition has carried on for eight years; in the past, students have learned about China, Ghana and many other cultures.
BRISTOL — With the first of two bond votes slated for Town Meeting Day, public discussion about a proposed upgrade to the Bristol Fire Department's North Street facility is beginning in earnest.
Bristol residents said there have been significant neighbor-to-neighbor conversations on the proposed major expansion of the firehouse, with some taking sides on preliminary plans that would add 10,000 square feet of space to the 116-year-old building at a cost approaching $2 million.
BRISTOL — Gov. Peter Shumlin on Monday at a legislative luncheon in Bristol urged Addison County residents and their legislative delegation to support his public education reform agenda in the next two legislative sessions.
He said that maintaining the status quo will leave future generations of Vermonters unable to compete in the regional or global economies.
ADDISON — Organizers of a Feb. 7 community forum devoted to concerns about the recent wave of home break-ins in Addison and surrounding towns said 156 local residents showed up to listen to law enforcement officials, who detailed patrols and several recent arrests.
Crime forum organizer Don Jochum said earlier this week about 50 residents who showed up last week at the Addison Central School forum also expressed interest in forming a neighborhood watch group, and that he is working on scheduling a follow-up organizational meeting.
MIDDLEBURY — The Middlebury selectboard on Tuesday overwhelmingly endorsed Jamie O. Gaucher, deputy chief of the West Virginia Small Business Development Center, as the town's first-ever business development director. In this job he will be responsible for bringing new jobs to Addison County's shire town.
BOSTON — The New England Newspaper and Press Association honored the Addison County Independent with 22 awards at the regional organization's annual convention in Boston this past weekend. The Addy Indy was recognized as the best among larger weekly publications of more than 6,000 circulation in five categories.
BRISTOL — At a public luncheon at American Legion Post 19 in Bristol this week, Gov. Peter Shumlin defended his plan to fund a program to weatherize Vermont homes by taxing break-open tickets.
The Vermont Home Energy Challenge is an Efficiency Vermont-led effort to weatherize 80,000 homes by the year 2020. The program is particularly directed at porous homes from which expensive heat is escaping.
BRISTOL — Gov. Peter Shumlin on Monday boosted his education reform plans (See story, Page 1A), reiterated his support for a bill that would allow terminally ill Vermonters to end their own lives, and explained why he favors bringing the F-35 fighter jet to Burlington for use by the Vermont National Guard.
At a legislative lunch in Bristol and during an interview with the Addison Independent, the issues Shumlin discussed included:
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Air NZ's top 10 picks for Timaru
From roses to rock climbing, Timaru offers visitors a surprising array of attractions in South Canterbury.
1 / 4
The local climate is particularly suited to growing roses and prize blooms draw rose lovers to the town every November for the annual Festival of Roses.
The city's Trevor Griffiths Rose Garden is planted with some 1200 different varieties of rose and the town even has its own special beauty , the bright red 'Trumpeter' named in honour of Louis Armstrong.
About 15 kilometres from its glorious gardens, the city's intriguingly named Mt Horrible draws as much praise as the roses from a very different quarter.
Rock climbers rate the rocky crag as anything but horrible as they take on its 30 odd routes. Roses and rock climbing aside, Timaru has plenty of other attractions on offer.
Try these top 10:
Caroline Bay – with beach boardwalks, picnic spots and playgrounds this sandy beach is popular with locals and visitors alike. Watch out for the century old summer Caroline Bay carnival
South Canterbury Museum – a recap of the region's history and natural heritage
Te Ana Ngai Tahu Rock Art Centre – discover the stories of Maori rock art and the Ngai Tahu culture in this newly opened venture
Landing Services Building – Built in the 1870s this blue stone building is the only structure that remains from the various landing services that operated before the artificial harbour was built. The services used small boats to carry cargo from the large shipping vessels which had to anchor further out to sea
Mountain biking and cycling – the area has a range of cycling routes in the city and through the back country
Walking and hiking – the region has everything from short to multi-day hikes, from coastal to sub alpine terrain
Rafting and kayaking – the south Canterbury rivers are a haven for rafting and kayaking including what is regarded as some of the best white water in the country on the famous Rangitata River
Golf – the countryside is dotted with charming and welcoming country clubs
Skiing – there are several club fields within reach of Timaru
Hunting – hunt for deer, alpine chamois or tahr, wallaby, wild pig, rabbits and hare in the back country.
Air New Zealand flies between Timaru and Wellington connecting it with 25 destinations on the domestic network. For information and to book flights to Timaru, visit www.airnewzealand.com
Artículo de
Air New Zealand - Timaru
Air New Zealand is New Zealand's national carrier and the only airline which specialises in getting you to, from and around New Zealand.


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After purchasing Avast Premier, you need to activate the product using either a valid activation code (sometimes called a subscription code or voucher code), or via your Avast Account that is registered with the same email address you used to make the purchase.
If you received a license file instead of an activation code, refer to the following article for instructions:
Before following the activation steps in this article, ensure the latest version of Avast Premier is installed on your PC. For instructions, refer to the following article:
Activate Avast Premier
Troubleshoot activation issues
To troubleshoot activation issues, reinstall Avast Premier on your PC and activate it again. For reinstallation instructions, refer to the following articles:
In some cases, license synchronization may take up to 24 hours after purchase. If your license is still not active after this time, refer to the following article:
- Avast Premier 19.x
- Microsoft Windows 10 Home / Pro / Enterprise / Education - 32 / 64-bit
- Microsoft Windows 8.1 / Pro / Enterprise - 32 / 64-bit
- Microsoft Windows 8 / Pro / Enterprise - 32 / 64-bit
- Microsoft Windows 7 Home Basic / Home Premium / Professional / Enterprise / Ultimate - Service Pack 1, 32 / 64-bit


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Jamie Gamble
Principal Consultant, Accuvant Inc.Formally a Principal consultant in Accuvant's enterprise assessment team, Jamie Gamble now works in Accuvant's malware and incident response team. He has been involved in the security sphere for longer than he cares to recall, with a great deal of this time spent conducting application and network assessments. He spends his spare time drinking pints and working through random security ideas. He doesn't hold any certifications, but does hold degrees in both Economics and Computer Science.
- Follow Jamie on Twitter http://twitter.com/bitgamble


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Editor's note: Ravi Agrawal is the Senior Producer of "Fareed Zakaria GPS." You can follow him on Twitter @RaviAgrawalCNN.
By Ravi Agrawal, CNN
What's happened to India? Seemingly every day, new reports emerge of its slide. Growth has dropped to 5.3% – half the rate it was in 2010, and the lowest in nearly a decade. The rupee has hit a record low against the dollar, depreciating more than 25% in one year. Inflation is rampant; the deficit is growing; reforms have stalled.
Worse is to come, if you believe the ratings agencies. Standard & Poor's and Fitch have both given India their lowest investment grade and are on a negative watch.
What happened to "Incredible India," the capital "I" of the BRIC countries?
One explanation is the prevailing fiscal climate. Europe's protracted crisis has cast a shadow around the world. China and Brazil have slowed, too.
But India's chief economic adviser says New Delhi is the victim of a "pessimism spiral." In a phone interview this month, Kaushik Basu told me that critics are focusing on the bad news and overlooking the good. For example, exports have grown more than 20% on average for the last eight years, he says. India has also become a large exporter of investment, ranking fifth in the world behind the U.S., Canada, Japan and India. Meanwhile household savings have stayed above 30%, six times more than it is in the U.S.
But if India is indeed stuck in a pessimism spiral, it is not without reason: it is merely see-sawing from what was earlier an optimism spiral.
India's high growth numbers in the last decade have masked just how far behind it really is. It may be the world's 11th biggest economy, but that has more to do with the number of people it packs in, not the relative wealth of its 1.2 billion inhabitants. Consider per capita incomes: Indians on average make $3,700 a year – half that of the average Ukranian, nearly a third that of the average Chinese or Brazilian, and less than a fourth that of the average Russian. Germans make 10 times as much.
So even when India was growing at a rapid clip, the reality is that it had a lot to catch up on. Hundreds of millions of Indians remain impoverished: 46% of Indians earn less than $2 a day. India's advocates often cite the growth of mobile phone usage as an indicator of success: from 20% of the population in 2007 to 60% by 2010. And yet India has more mobile phones than toilets. Even as New Delhi makes a case for it having a permanent spot on the U.N. Security Council, millions die each year of disease, malnutrition and neglect. For all India's technological advances, a better statistic to look at is internet access. Only 10% of Indians are able to use the internet; as a percentage, four times as many Chinese, Brazilians and Russians surf the web. Some BRICs really are more equal than others.
But whether critics have overdosed on optimism or pessimism in the last decade is a debate about selected data and perception. It is unimportant. The truth is that India's growth has slowed sharply and it has profound consequences for India's poor. Add to that, India is becoming dangerously unequal in wealth distribution. The political scientist Pratap Bhanu Mehta points out that the urban Gini coefficient – a way to measure inequality – has jumped from 0.35 in 2005 to 0.65 today (zero indicates perfect equality, one represents one person cornering all the wealth; anything higher than 0.4 is considered to create conditions ripe for unrest.)
Economics is not India's problem. It is politics. The Economist points out that the remedies to India's growth problems are blindingly obvious. Among them, it notes cutting subsidies, investing in infrastructure and confronting corruption. But politics has consistently gotten in the way. India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, despite being a visionary economist who charted its path-breaking reforms two decades ago, is often criticized by the political opposition and the intellegentsia as a puppet of the Gandhi family, powerless and ineffective, held hostage to larger political currents.
But the signs are that change may finally be afoot. Just as in 1991, when a balance of payments crisis led to much-needed reforms, the current downturn could well become an opportunity to administer smart economic policies.
Among the immediate changes this week: the finance minister Pranab Mukherjee has stepped down to focus his attentions on running for the largely ceremonial post of president. So Prime Minister Singh has once again taken full control of the country's balance sheet.
The task in front of Singh is immense. If he broke India's "License Raj" two decades ago to open up the economy, this time he'll need to conquer "Populism Raj." India imports 80% of its crude oil – and yet it heavily subsidizes fuels like diesel and kerosene, popular among the poor. India's retail sector is shockingly inefficient: a third of all vegetables and produce rot en route from the farmers to consumers, and yet populist forces prevented foreign companies from entering the country and potentially using their technology to revolutionize its supply-chain systems.
New Delhi's greatest challenge isn't to envision the policies that could return India to the rapid growth its people need. Those policies have already been outlined by a number of smart economists already on India's payroll. The challenge is to implement those policies and convince the electorate that corruption and red tape won't get in the way.
There's nothing like a crisis to steel the nerves of a nation. Two decades ago, Finance Minister Manmohan Singh took his chance and became known as the father of India's economic revolution. As prime minister, his reputation has seen a steady decline. This could be another defining moment for him – and India, too.
Your article is poorly written because you do not have histroic facts right. First, Manmohan Singh was not the "father of economic reforms" in India. He was chosen to be Finance Minister by the Prime Minister Narasimha Rao, whose decision it was to open up Indian economy. India was facing a balance-of-payments crisis at that time.
Secondly, you fail to recognize the fact that democracies are generally delibarative and slow. India is slowly emerging to be a true Global player. We need to recognize the "good" instead of constantly lamenting the "bad".
Nirbhaya, the daughter of India has become the symbol of years and years of victimization of women in India. I don't think Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and countless other freedom fighters fought for this state of Bharat MA.
Women are being victimized at every stage of their life. Everyone is well aware of abortion of female fetus. Even though there is ban against sonogram since there is no basic for the law and the thought of the girl as a burden on the family the abortions are still widespread. They are being victimized at later stages of their lives by withholding their education, inheritances and even health. The Indian women sometimes are not even given decent end of life options. The female soul deserves equal love, equal respect and equal rights in health, inheritance and education. It should be tracked and reported.
In my humble opinion there are two faces to the problem. On one side she has next to no support at home to thrive (maybe some families do but it Is next to nothing in a population of a billion) and on the other side when she steps out of the home the law is not held up to support her rights.
Our country's leadership has become an item number. They are a shame. We need to revamp law and order. We need to throw every so called leader into jail who has even been suspected of broken the law of any kind.
We need a revolution.
We need a revolution in every woman, man and child of Indian origin to bring back Mahaan Bharat by bringing back the respect for Bharat MA.
Call for a revolution on 26th January 2013 – 30th January 2013
Join all hands, call for meetings, non- violence, non-cooperation movement, Satyagraha, remember Mahatma's words
Spread the Word
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PERU: Conservation Volunteers« Back to Videos
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Video description:
Three volunteers explain why they love living and volunteering on the Taricaya Conservation site in Peru.
Read more about: Taricaya Ecological Reserve in Peru
More Conservation & Environment videos:
01:41Ecuador: Conservation in the Galapagos Islands
Interested in finding out more about our Conservation project in San Cristobel in the Galapagos? See what our Conservation Manager, Ramiro Adrian, has to say about the project and what you can expect by joining us in protecting this unique environment..
02:10Mexico: Conservation in Mexico
Pablo Lobera, our Conservation Project Manager, talks about the current situation with Sea Turtle populations in the Pacific Ocean and how Projects Abroad is getting involved with conservation efforts in Mexico.
01:22Mexico: Mexico Conservation
A video showing what it's like to volunteer, right next to the ocean, at the Conservation & Environment project in Mexico.
01:13Thailand: Conservation
A video showing what it's like to volunteer in Thailand on the Conservation placement, helping with beach and ocean clean-ups and reforestation work.
01:13Thailand: Conservation
Volunteers on the Thailand Conservation project usually spend one day a month helping at the Phuket Marine Biological Centre.
02:10Costa Rica: Volunteer in Costa Rica!
This video highlights the range of projects available in Costa Rica. See our volunteers in action and get a feel for the environment.
01:11Thailand: Conservation Project
A volunteer, Alonso from Spain, talks about his daily activities including diving among Zebra sharks, pufferfish, learning about marine species and cleaning the reef.
01:29Ecuador: Conservation in Ecuador
A volunteer from Denmark, Elisabeth, talks about her decision to volunteer on the Galapagos Islands. She also provides some tips for future volunteers.
01:26Fiji: Ozone Day
An infographic showing the importance of volunteers planting Mangroves and how it counteracts global warming.
01:58Thailand: Conservation in Thailand
As part of the Conservation Project in Thailand, volunteers visit the Phuket Marine Biological Centre once every four weeks to wash the turtles and its tanks.
01:53Mexico: Conservation in Mexico
A volunteer from Germany speaks about his time in Mexico on the Conservation project; he explains his work and the goals of the placement.
01:51Cambodia: Conservation
Volunteers describe their time in Cambodia and the Conservation placement. They also talk about their most rewarding experiences.
01:19Nepal: Conservation
A video showing the stunning location of the Conservation Project in Nepal, including volunteers working and relaxing.
01:03Ecuador: Conservation in Ecuador
A video showing what it's like on the Conservation project in Ecuador and how volunteers have the opportunity to get involved in a variety of activities.
01:43Thailand: Conservation in Thailand
A Conservation volunteer, Gorm, from Denmark talks about how he enjoyed his placement in Thailand and the opportunities he received.
01:51Fiji: Shark Conservation
Shark Conservation in Fiji gives volunteers the opportunity to work on pioneering shark protection alongside scientists and shark researchers.
02:33Nepal: Conservation in Nepal
Volunteer, Andy from the UK talks about his work at the Conservation project and how he spent his time in Nepal.
01:40Peru: Conservation Project
The conservation project in Peru releases a group of black spider monkeys back into their natural habitat.
02:33Cambodia: Conservation
Volunteers from around the world talk about their time on the Conservation project on a tropical Cambodian island.
02:01Costa Rica: Conservation Project
Conservation Coordinator Oscar Rosales and French volunteer, Mattias talk about the on-going conservation work in Costa Rica.
01:02Kenya: Conservation
A volunteer talks about her experience on her conservation project in Kenya.
01:59South Africa: Conservation Project
Dr Helena Fitchat is country director for Projects Abroad in Botswana. Here she talks about what volunteers can expect from this project.
01:58South Africa: Conservation in South Africa
Raphael and Lea describe living and volunteering in the African Bushveld.
01:04Cambodia: Projects Overview
A brief overview of Projects Abroad placements in Cambodia. The video shows Conservation, Teaching and Khmer placements.
01:19Mexico: Conservation - Working with turtles
This video shows the turtle related Conservation work which volunteers help with from collecting the eggs on the beach to releasing the newly hatched baby turtles.
01:02Thailand: Cleaning the Coral Reef
Volunteers delicately remove fishing nets, reducing the damage inflicted on the reefs and often freeing entangled fish.
Thank you!
One of our Programme Advisors will get back to you as soon as possible with an answer to your question.


text:
Dr. Matt DeJongh, who is an associate professor of computer science and a Towsley Research Scholar at Hope College, has received support for his ongoing work in bioinformatics through both the Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program and the National Science Foundation.
He has received a Fulbright-Aquitaine Regional Council Award to spend the spring of 2009 conducting groundbreaking functional genomic research in France. In addition, his ongoing research at Hope in bioinformatics has been awarded a three-year grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Through the Fulbright award, DeJongh will be working from mid January through mid June at one of France's largest academic computer science laboratories, LaBRI (Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique), which is based at the Université de Bordeaux. He will be collaborating with researchers at the laboratory in the field of bioinformatics, which blends biology and computer science in managing and analyzing genetic data compiled through projects such as the Human Genome Project.
DeJongh has conducted research in bioinformatics for several years, including in industry prior to coming to Hope in 2002. For the past two years he has focused on developing software that can model organisms' metabolic capabilities as determined by the genes in their genome. He has been working collaboratively with Hope colleagues Dr. Aaron Best of the biology faculty and Dr. Nathan Tintle of the mathematics faculty on modeling bacteria. They have in turn shared their work with the SEED project, a nationwide, open-source effort to develop and share genomic data.
At LaBRI he will collaborate with researchers who have compiled complete genome sequences for 20 species of bacteria called mollicutes. He and the LaBRI team will import the mollicutes' genomic sequences into the SEED database and apply the software and other tools to analyze them.
"This project is significant for the field of computational biology in that it represents an application of predictive computer models to the analysis of genomic and phenotypic data," DeJongh said. "This is a fundamental goal of the new systems biology, and this project is likely to succeed because metabolism in bacteria is a well-understood process, and the tools for analyzing the data are rapidly maturing."
The NSF grant, awarded to DeJongh and Best through the foundation's "Research in Undergraduate Institutions" (RUI) program, will continue the Hope team's development of software to model microbes' metabolic behavior based on their genes. The grant will provide $235,022 in support through the end of July 2011, and includes funding to involve Hope students in the research program during both the school year and summers.
DeJongh joined the Hope faculty as an assistant professor and was promoted to associate professor earlier this year. Prior to coming to Hope he had been a senior software engineer with NetGenics Inc./LION bioscience Inc. for four years. One of the colleagues with whom he will be working at LaBRI is also a former employee of LION bioscience Inc.
His time in Bordeaux won't be his first extended visit to France. When he was 12, he and his family were in Lyon while his father, also a university professor, was on a sabbatical leave at the Université de Lyon. Immediately prior to going to Lyon the family had lived in Montreal, Canada, where DeJongh had been enrolled in a French-speaking school.
He has had several papers published and has made multiple presentations concerning both his software development and the use of bioinformatics in interdisciplinary teaching in biology and computer science. Hope students are regularly involved as collaborators in his research and have themselves made multiple presentations concerning the work, including during the Council for Undergraduates Research 2007 Posters on the Hill event in Washington, D.C.
Previous external support for his work has included selection in both 2006 and 2007 for participation in the summer Guest Faculty Program at Argonne National Laboratory, which is one of the primary hosts for the SEED project; and awards from the National Computational Science Institute and the Association for Computing Machinery to explore the intersection of biology and computer science in teaching. Hope named him a Towsley Research Scholar in 2005 in support of his research, and he has also received support through the college's Howard Hughes Medical Institute Faculty Development Grant for Interdisciplinary Research.
DeJongh completed his bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in computer science at The Ohio State University. After completing his doctorate in 1991 he served as a campus minister through Great Commission Ministries from 1991 to 1998, and in 1998 he completed a master's in theological studies at Winebrenner Theological Seminary.
DeJongh is the second member of the college's natural and physical sciences faculty to receive Fulbright support this year and the sixth member of the Hope faculty to receive one of the awards in the past six years. Dr. Edward Hansen, professor of geology and environmental science at HopeCollege, is spending August to January conducting research in Sweden through an award from the Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program. Vicki Ten Haken, associate professor of management, held one of the awards earlier during the current school year to teach and conduct research in Krakow, Poland. Dr. Victor Claar, associate professor of economics, spent the 2006-07 school year teaching at the American University of Armenia in Yerevan, Armenia, through a Fulbright award. In 2004, Dr. William Cohen, professor emeritus of history, and Dr. David Klooster, professor of English, received Fulbright awards to teach in Japan and Austria respectively.
The flagship international educational program sponsored by the U.S. government, for more than 60 years the Fulbright Program has sponsored the exchange of students and scholars between the United States and many other countries around the world through a variety of initiatives to "increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries of the world." The Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program sends approximately 800 American scholars and professionals per year to more than 140 countries, where they lecture and/or conduct research in a wide variety of academic and professional fields.


text:
Tempted By Mommy 7Favorites [+]
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Running Time: 122 minutes
Studio Name: Pornstar Platinum
Series: Tempted By Mommy
Categories: Lesbian All Sex M.I.L.F. All Girl High Definition Older / Younger
Description: Mommy may not be a good influence but she sure is fun! Mommy loves to eat pussy and mommy loves to please! Mommy loves to strap-on a big dick. I'm going to eat mommy's ass and make mommy cum!
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text:
By David Kirschenman, Omaha, Nebraska
My German-Russian family tradition that I remember,
and we still practice today, is the meal we ate on
Good Friday. The meals on Good Friday were suppose
to be meatless. My mother, who grew up around Gackle,
North Dakota and being a German-Russian, was no stranger
to dough dishes. The meal was very simple which consisted
of homemade egg noodles (they were rolled out in the
morning, dried, and cut) and stewed prunes. There
was no sauce or anything put on the noodles except
for butter and fried bread crumbs for croutons. Of
course, there was the usual prune humor at the end
of the meal, and since the prunes had pits, the number
someone ate could easily be calculated, and that person
reminded of possible consequences.


text:
The Sun City Hilton Head Board of Directors announced the appointments of members to two task forces during its January quarterly meeting.
Sun City residents David Rawlings, Norma Taylor, David Fleming, Dave Smith and Jim Quirk were appointed to the Solicitation, Advertising and Sponsorship Task Force. Assistant Executive Director Damon Williams and PR & Communications Director Martin Smith are staff members of the task force. The group will review current solicitation and sponsorship practices and recommend a policy to cover all areas of solicitation, advertising and sponsorship in Sun City Hilton Head.
The board also announced the appointments of Sun City residents Michele Eberhart, Frank DiTommaso, Georgene Schnor, Peggy Binder and Sara Krawczak to the Craft Store Concept Task Force.
Lifestyle Services Director Jackie Bates and Controller Kim Burgess are staff members of the Craft Store Concept Task Force. Eberhart will serve as the chairwoman. This group will work with Lifestyle Services to explore and recommend an implementation plan for a craft store concept in Sun City Hilton Head. Arts and craft facilities are intended to be used for the express purpose of pursuing and encouraging those activities, not to promote or enhance commercial gain. Board Secretary Jo Stephey reported that other Del Webb Sun City communities had successfully implemented crafts stores for the benefit of residents.
Also, Board President Allison Tucker announced the new security staffing for the gates leading into Sun City neighborhoods north of U.S. 278.
A full time Securitas security guard has been stationed in the Argent Lakes Main Gate, the main entrance to Sun City north of U.S. 278. The gate has been staffed 24/7 as of Jan. 9.
Tucker said the number of closed homes north of U.S. 278 reached 382, surpassing Riverbend. Having a full-time security officer in that gatehouse is convenient for residents and their guests.
"This ensures the same level of services to residents no matter what their address is," Tucker said.
She also added that the board and staff were looking at ways to add volunteers to the gates to potentially reduce the costs of monitoring traffic through those gates. The South Carolina Law Enforcement Division regulations restrict who can provide coverage for community gates. Residents who live north of U.S. 278 can call 705-4688 to request a guest pass.
Executive Director Sue Sweeney presented an overview of accomplishments from the Management team. Wentworth staff accomplished all of its goals for 2011. Sweeney also cited significant accomplishments with community facilities such as the Purrysburg Indoor Pool, Riverbend Lodge, Pickleball court resurfacing, British Open Pub and Hidden Cypress Grille renovations, Magnolia Hall dance floor, and community roads survey. New media partnerships with WHHI-TV and Bluffton Today/The Sun Today were cited as important improvements in communication for Sun City. And Sweeney noted the completion of community surveys for the food and beverage service, communication and resident satisfaction survey.
The Document Task Force was disbanded. Williams told board members task force completed its work identifying, researching and securing documents needed to prepare for the eventual transition when the community is complete and residents elect all seven members of the board of directors.
The meeting will be rebroadcast on Sun City TV, Time Warner channel 5, Hargray channel 238 or on www.schhtv.com. Check the TV schedule at www.schhtv.com for times.


text:
We believe fashion is a business of optimism, and in that spirit we continue to grow and evolve. Free shipping and free returns, mobile shopping and exciting new retail partnerships offer us continued opportunities to serve more customers in more ways with a fresh, relevant shopping experience and inspiring style. Fashion changes. Shopping changes. Our commitment to happy customers doesn't.
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|Sears Auto Center
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|Sears Optical
JCPenney, one of America's leading retailers, is re-imagining every aspect of its business in order to reclaim its birthright and become America's favorite store. The Company is currently transforming the way it does business and remaking the customer experience across its 1,100 department stores and on jcpenney.com. On every visit, customers can discover straightforward Fair and Square Pricing, month-long promotions that are in sync with the rhythm of their lives, exceptionally curated merchandise, artful presentation, and unmatched customer service.
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Enjoy handcrafted coffee beverages prepared by skilled baristas, along with a selection of fresh pastries and a variety of grab-and-go sandwiches, salads and snacks that are made fresh daily.
Our contemporary food marketplace is perfect for a casual meal, offering wonderful menu selections, including soups, salads, sandwiches, specialties and desserts to satisfy a discerning palate. Beer and wine are available.
Sears is the place America shops! Good Life. Great Price.
Sears Auto Center is the place for a wide variety of Auto Parts and Car Accessories, including Car Batteries, Car Tires, Car Rims, Car Wheels, Shocks, Struts, Wiper Blades, Automotive Specialty Tools, Auto Floor Mats, Car Emergency Kits and more.
Reconnect with the sounds and the voices that make life fuller and richer. Now, caring for your hearing is easier than ever. Sears Hearing Center by Beltone is offering FREE hearing screenings for you and your family.
Full service eyewear and exam services. Chic, elegant, classic or trendy, we have it all at Sears Optical. Now more than ever, you'll find lots of new ways to look great!


text:
Hi there
I wasn't sure if my last message went through but i would be keen to join an Aventus split if there is one open.
Thanks Matt (:
Well, Havana is a complex mix of many ingredients, look at its note pyramid, it's madness!
When you smell it you immediately think "this is a complex one". It has an old school vibe being modern at the same time. Citric notes? for sure, but you'll get one of the greatest tobacco scents in the market.
You can't Bwahahaha! without a solid reason, it's the 11th commandment!
Sorry for the package men... the postman bike will smell good for years!
blame on Tobacco Vanille !!!!
(it's smell as a car air freshener... lol )
Hi Dedo,
don't discard l'eau d'issey, the scent is fine, just blame on yuzu!
Hi Postumo
Your inbox is full, so I thought I'd post this here...
I read you were having trouble finding Calyx, and I thought I'd let you know it's available at Parfum1, which is a good company and they ship to Spain.
Just a friendly FYI - I'm in no way affiliated with Parfum1
Haha, nice one neurosis
I was going to suggest buying a 30mL decant but you beat me to it haha. I fancied mine up a bit by photoshopping a 30 instead of 50 on a label I copied from the internet. If you meant the bottle itself too, it came like that from the guy who i purchased it from
Your mail box is full.
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Basenotes is an online guide to perfume and fragrance, featuring news, a database of fragrances, perfume glossary, fragrance forums, user reviews and more.


text:
Recent News
- The Center has been acting as an advisor to NIST in the formulation of standards and action-oriented research to secure the federal and industrial cyber supply chain. In September, the National Institute Of Standards And Technology (NIST) publically released the Supply Chain Center's IT Supply Chain Risk Management Community Framework Model, produced under a two year grant from NIST. In addition, on Monday October 18, the Center unveiled its IT Supply Chain Risk Management Portal Prototype, developed this year with additional NIST funds, at a workshop conducted at NIST HQ.
- In September, Sandy Boyson was appointed by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce to the Advisory Committee On Supply Chain Competitiveness; he is one of two academics named to the committee that seeks to address White House and Congressional policy concerns about U.S. supply chain infrastructure and export promotion.
- Sandy Boyson was appointed as guest editor of a special issue on the Cyber Supply Chain for the journal Technovation.


text:
A Greenpeace activist is sprayed with power hoses while he climbs the anchor chain of the tanker Gran Couva and hangs a banner reading "No more forests, peatland for palm oil". The crew of the Greenpeace ship MV Esperanza occupied the tanker for 24 hours and painted on its bow "Forest Crime". The ship, carrying 27,000 metric tonnes of crude palm oil for the Wilmar Company, was held up from departing to its destination Rotterdam, Netherlands. Greenpeace is protesting against the destruction of Kampar Peninsula's peatland forest by pulp and paper and palm oil industries and is calling for the Indonesian Government to implement a moratorium on deforestation. Peatland forest is critical for maintaining biodiversity and its degradation releases vast stores of carbon thereby contributing to global climate change.11/10/2008
© Greenpeace / John Novis
1 - 12 of 2507 results.
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