text:
- Publish date:
- Updated on
- Year
- 1831
Slave revolt erupts in Virginia
Believing himself chosen by God to lead his people out of slavery, Nat Turner launches a bloody slave insurrection in Southampton County, Virginia. Turner, a slave and educated minister, planned to capture the county armory at Jerusalem, Virginia, and then march 30 miles to Dismal Swamp, where his rebels would be able to elude their pursuers. With seven followers, he slaughtered Joseph Travis, his slave owner, and Travis' family, and then set off across the countryside, hoping to rally hundreds of slaves to his insurrection en route to Jerusalem.
During the next two days and nights, Turner and 75 followers rampaged through Southampton County, killing about 60 whites. Local whites resisted the rebels, and then the state militia–consisting of some 3,000 men–crushed the rebellion. Only a few miles from Jerusalem, Turner and all his followers were dispersed, captured, or killed. In the aftermath of the rebellion, scores of African Americans were lynched, though many of them were non-participants in the revolt. Turner himself was not captured until the end of October, and after confessing without regret to his role in the bloodshed, he was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death. On November 11, he was hanged in Jerusalem.
Turner's rebellion was the largest slave revolt in U.S. history and led to a new wave of oppressive legislation prohibiting the movement, assembly, and education of slaves.


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Reading List Service Training for Academic, Admin & Teaching Support Staff
James Hardiman Library
Event Details
Location: Library Training Room
Event Description:
These are introductory training sessions demonstrating the Library's reading list management service. This service is aimed at lecturers or any teaching/adminstrative staff involved in reading list provision.
This new teaching support service integrates:
- your readings lists hosted online
- Blackboard
- library resources
- library ordering & article/chapter scanning
The session will demonstrate the following:
- creating & editing reading lists online
- bookmarking/linking to full text
- structuring lists
- publishing lists
- adding lists to Blackboard
PCs will be available for this session. Teaching staff can bring laptops for convenience if preferred.
For more information and a guide see our Reading List page.
Hugo Kelly
Niamh Walsh
Collection Development Librarians
James Hardiman Library
ext: 3359
ext: 2095
When & Where
Library Training Room
James Hardiman Library
National University Of Ireland Galway
James Hardiman Library
The Library provides training on a variety of topics - all designed to help you gain the skills of finding, evaluating and using information more efficiently.
Attending Library training will save you time and help you get better grades in your assignments and essays.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Global Climate Change Indicators
- Introduction
- Warming Climate
- Human Influence
- More Information
Many lines of scientific evidence show the Earth's climate is changing. This page presents the latest information from several independent measures of observed climate change that illustrate an overwhelmingly compelling story of a planet that is undergoing global warming. It is worth noting that increasing global temperature is only one element of observed global climate change. Precipitation patterns are also changing; storms and other extremes are changing as well.
How do we know the Earth's climate is warming?
Thousands of land and ocean temperature measurements are recorded each day around the globe. This includes measurements from climate reference stations, weather stations, ships, buoys and autonomous gliders in the oceans. These surface measurements are also supplemented with satellite measurements. These measurements are processed, examined for random and systematic errors, and then finally combined to produce a time series of global average temperature change. A number of agencies around the world have produced datasets of global-scale changes in surface temperature using different techniques to process the data and remove measurement errors that could lead to false interpretations of temperature trends. The warming trend that is apparent in all of the independent methods of calculating global temperature change is also confirmed by other independent observations, such as the melting of mountain glaciers on every continent, reductions in the extent of snow cover, earlier blooming of plants in spring, a shorter ice season on lakes and rivers, ocean heat content, reduced arctic sea ice, and rising sea levels.
The Global Surface Temperature is Rising
Global annual average temperature measured over land and oceans. Red bars indicate temperatures above and blue bars indicate temperatures below the 1901-2000 average temperature. The black line shows atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration in parts per million.
Global average temperature is one of the most-cited indicators of global climate change, and shows an increase of approximately 1.4°F since the early 20th Century. The global surface temperature is based on air temperature data over land and sea-surface temperatures observed from ships, buoys and satellites. There is a clear long-term global warming trend, while each individual year does not always show a temperature increase relative to the previous year, and some years show greater changes than others. These year-to-year fluctuations in temperature are due to natural processes, such as the effects of El Ninos, La Ninas, and the eruption of large volcanoes. Notably, the 20 warmest years have all occurred since 1981, and the 10 warmest have all occurred in the past 12 years.
U.S. Surface Temperature is also Rising
U.S. TemperatureAnnual surface temperatures for the contiguous U.S. compared to the 20th Century (1901-2000) average. Calculated from the U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN version 2). More information: U.S. Surface Temperature Data, USHCN v2.
Surface temperatures averaged across the U.S. have also risen. While the U.S. temperature makes up only part of the global temperature, the rise over a large area is not inconsistent with expectations in a warming planet. Because the U.S. is just a fraction of the planet, it is subject to more year-to-year variability than the planet as a whole. This is evident in the U.S. temperature trace.
Sea Level is Rising
Annual averages of global sea level. Red: sea-level since 1870; Blue: tide gauge data; Black: based on satellite observations. The inset shows global mean sea level rise since 1993 - a period over which sea level rise has accelerated. More information: Coastal Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise (USGCRP) and Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.
Global mean sea level has been rising at an average rate of approximately 1.7 mm/year over the past 100 years (measured from tide gauge observations), which is significantly larger than the rate averaged over the last several thousand years. Since 1993, global sea level has risen at an accelerating rate of around 3.5 mm/year. Much of the sea level rise to date is a result of increasing heat of the ocean causing it to expand. It is expected that melting land ice (e.g. from Greenland and mountain glaciers) will play a more significant role in contributing to future sea level rise.
Global Upper Ocean Heat Content is Rising
Time series of seasonal (red dots) and annual average (black line) of global upper ocean heat content for the 0-700m layer since 1955. More information: BAMS State of the Climate in 2009.
While ocean heat content varies significantly from place to place and from year-to-year (as a result of changing ocean currents and natural variability), there is a strong trend during the period of reliable measurements. Increasing heat content in the ocean is also consistent with sea level rise, which is occurring mostly as a result of thermal expansion of the ocean water as it warms.
Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover is Retreating
Average of monthly snow cover extent anomalies over Northern Hemisphere lands (including Greenland) since Nov 1966. Right: Seasonal snow cover extent over Northern Hemisphere lands since winter 1966-67. Calculated from NOAA snow maps. From BAMS State of the Climate in 2009 report.
Northern Hemisphere average annual snow cover has declined in recent decades. This pattern is consistent with warmer global temperatures. Some of the largest declines have been observed in the spring and summer months.
Glacier Volume is Shrinking
Cumulative decline (in cubic miles) in glacier ice worldwide. More information: Global Climate Change Impacts in the U.S.
Warming temperatures lead to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets. The total volume of glaciers on Earth is declining sharply. Glaciers have been retreating worldwide for at least the last century; the rate of retreat has increased in the past decade. Only a few glaciers are actually advancing (in locations that were well below freezing, and where increased precipitation has outpaced melting). The progressive disappearance of glaciers has implications not only for a rising global sea level, but also for water supplies in certain regions of Asia and South America.
U.S. Climate Extremes are Increasing
U.S. Climate Extreme IndexEnlarge above graph. Annual Climate Extremes Index (CEI) value for the contiguous United States. Larger numbers indicate more acive climate extremes for a year. More information: CEI.
One way climate changes can be assessed is by measuring the frequency of events considered "extreme" (among the most rare of temperature, precipitation and storm intensity values). The Climate Extremes Index (CEI) value for the contiguous United States is an objective way to determine whether extreme events are on the rise. The figure to the left shows the the number of extreme climate events (those which place among the most unusual of the historical record) has been rising over the last four decades.
How do we know humans are the primary cause of the warming?
A large body of evidence supports the conclusion that human activity is the primary driver of recent warming. This evidence has accumulated over several decades, and from hundreds of studies. The first line of evidence is our basic physical understanding of how greenhouse gases trap heat, how the climate system responds to increases in greenhouse gases, and how other human and natural factors influence climate. The second line of evidence is from indirect estimates of climate changes over the last 1,000 to 2,000 years. These estimates are often obtained from living things and their remains (like tree rings and corals) which provide a natural archive of climate variations. These indicators show that the recent temperature rise is clearly unusual in at least the last 1,000 years. The third line of evidence is based on comparisons of actual climate with computer models of how we expect climate to behave under certain human influences. For example, when climate models are run with historical increases in greenhouse gases, they show gradual warming of the Earth and ocean surface, increases in ocean heat content, a rise in global sea level, and general retreat of sea ice and snow cover. These and other aspects of modeled climate change are in agreement with observations.
Climate Model Indications and the Observed Climate
Simulated global temperature in experiments that include human influences (pink line), and model experiments that included only natural factors (blue line). The black line is observed temperature change.
Global climate models clearly show the effect of human-induced changes on global temperatures. The blue band shows how global temperatures would have changed due to natural forces only (without human influence). The pink band shows model projections of the effects of human and natural forces combined. The black line shows actual observed global average temperatures. The close match between the black line and the pink band indicates that observed warming over the last half-century cannot be explained by natural factors alone, and is instead caused primarily by human factors.
800,000 Year Record of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Concentrations
Carbon dioxide concentration (parts per million) for the last 800,000 years, measured from trapped bubbles of air in an Antarctic ice core. The 2008 observed value is from the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii and projections are based upon future emission scenarios. More information on the data can be found in the Climate Change Impacts on the U.S. report.
Over the last 800,000 years, natural factors have caused the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration to vary within a range of about 170 to 300 parts per million (ppm). The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased by roughly 35 percent since the start of the industrial revolution. Globally, over the past several decades, about 80 percent of human-induced CO2 emissions came from the burning of fossil fuels, while about 20 percent resulted from deforestation and associated agricultural practices. In the absence of strong control measures, emissions projected for this century would result in the CO2 concentration increasing to a level that is roughly 2 to 3 times the highest level occurring over the glacial-interglacial era that spans the last 800,000 or more years.
Energy from the Sun Has Not Increased
Global surface temperature (top, blue) and the Sun's energy received at the top of Earth's atmosphere (red, bottom). Solar energy has been measured by satellites since 1978.
The amount of solar energy received at the top of our atmosphere has followed its natural 11-year cycle of small ups and downs, but with no net increase. Over the same period, global temperature has risen markedly. This indicates that it is extremely unlikely that solar influence has been a significant driver of global temperature change over several decades.


text:
January 27, 2009
XL: What we really think
A lot of people cling to conspiracy theories in part because they don't want to believe a lone gunman could take down the President, or that a small group of criminals with box cutters and some flight training could murder over 3000 Americans. It's on some level psychologically comforting to think there are larger forces at work, but these conspiracy theories almost never stand up to rational scrutiny.
In the case of XL, I can understand why some Seattle fans thought the fix was in, but there was no vast conspiracy. However, officials are human; they can be swayed by environmental factors and simply not be up to the task at a crucial moment. They were in an environment where everyone was told for two weeks how Pittsburgh was supposed to win, and how great it would be if Jerome Bettis retired with a ring, and this is capped by a Ford Field festooned with terrible towel waving fans. Officials can be intimidated by crowds.. They can be overwhelmed by their surroundings. They can CHOKE. These officials did just that.
2. The horrible officiating didn't just cost us a chance to win the game, it cost all NFL fans an legitimate Super Bowl experience.
Steelers fans love to point out that Seattle didn't play a perfect game. Yeah, we know that. Neither did Pittsburgh. It was a sloppy, ugly game... and that made the tilt of the officiating towards the Steelers absolutely pivotal. In a game where Seattle was imperfect but still won the turnover battle, accumulated more yards of offense, and held onto the ball longer, the officials denied us a CHANCE to win the game.
Plus, it wasn't just Seattle fans who thought XL was a travesty... Steelers fan conveniently forget the NATIONAL outrage in the wake of XL directed at Leavy and his gang of incompetent boobs. Fuck, even Steve Nash had our backs.
3. We're still almost as pissed at Detroit as we are at Pittsburgh.
As John McGrath wrote back in 2006:
Steelers towels were on sale at every souvenir stand in the stadium, Holmgren said, noting that blue-and-green Seahawks towels were not available. That, he said, seems pretty unfair. More than Terrible Towels were at work. Amid the buildup to Super Bowl XL, mayor Kwame Kilpatrick not only presented Bettis with a symbolic key to the city, he told the running back how he wished for him to bring the Vince Lombardi trophy to Detroit.
This is backed up by a number of eyewitness accounts from Seahawks fans...
I was at the game, and the stadium employees were walking up and down the aisles with boxes full of Terrible Towels, handing them out to everyone. There were ZERO Seahawk towels or anything with the Hawk logo handed out. My buddy almost punched the poor kid who asked him if he wanted a towel (i guess he didn't care we were all decked out in Hawk gear). Rumor has it, there were boxes of green Seahawk towels that were somehow "lost" but mirculously the boxes were found somewhere in ford Field after the game. By the way, even though we Hawk fans were heavily outnumbered, there was more passion and noise coming from us than any of those yellow towel-waving "fans" of the other team (I refuse to say the name). I have been to three Super Bowls including XL, and it was far and away the most obvious one-sided push for one team in a "neutral-site" game I have ever seen.
In addition to this was the incident in the build-up to the game where a Detroit Lions executive stated that "we are very happy to welcome the Pittsburgh Steelers." When reminded that they had an opponent in the game, he replied "we are not as happy to welcome the Seattle Seahawks."
The environment that was created before the game treated the Seahawks like the Washington Generals, going up against the grinning Bettis and the Harlem Globetrotters. The officials certainly played along with the feel-good script during XL, failing to call a single penalty on Pittsburgh in the final 35 minutes of play.
Fuck Detroit. I savor their 0-16 collapse.
4. "You will never understand/How it feels to live your life/With no meaning or control."
Steelers fans will NEVER understand how we feel, because they've CONSISTENTLY gotten a helping hand from the officials in big games since the highly dubious "Immaculate Reception" in 1972. They simply don't know what it's like to have a big game taken from them by the officials.
Plus, they don't know the Seahawks' sordid history of being on the wrong side of horrible calls OVER and OVER again.
5. For the record, these are the calls that haunt us...
A) Sean Locklear gets called for holding on a play that would have given Seattle a first and goal at the Steelers' 1, down 14-10 with 12 minutes left in the game. Replays showed little evidence of Locklear committing a foul (also, Haggans was clearly offside). Two plays later, Beck threw a game-changing interception.
B) After that interception, Matt got called for a low block TRYING TO MAKE A TACKLE!!!! An inexplicable call, which led to Pittsburgh's final TD.
C) First quarter: Darrell Jackson catches a touchdown pass from Hass. Replays show that the closest official makes no move to throw his flag UNTIL the Pittsburgh DB started furiously complaining. Oh, a Steeler complained? I must throw my yellow hankie! Replays also show that this was at best incidental contact, NOT offensive pass interference. Also, the official in question was later revealed to be FROM Pittsburgh.
D) Roethisberger was clearly stopped at the one-inch line on a touchdown that made the score 7-3 Pittsburgh in the 2nd quarter. Replays show that the line judge started running in with one hand up as if to spot the ball, but then CHANGED HIS MIND and raised both hands to indicate a touchdown. This was not overturned by instant replay.
The officials were at best inconsistent, throwing ticky-tack nit-picky flags against Seattle while letting the same minor infractions by Pittsburgh slide.
Alright, it's out of my system... for now at least.
4 comments:
even bill simmons agrees. on todays podcast he said he thought the refs were the MVP for XL
- January 27, 2009 at 11:40 PM
Within 20 minutes of reading this, I started listening to Bill Simmons espn Podcast. As he and Cousin Sal are going over the vegas betting lines, they're talking about the odds on who will win the MVP award this year. Sal asked bill who won when Steelers beat seattle, and Bill said "I think the referee's won that."
I love that guy!
He also had on Aaron Schatz the creator of Football Outsiders who made an interesting point. He said that if the steelers beat Arizona, "it'll be like them giving the ultimate middle finger to the NFC West" because they'll pass SF by winning 6 superbowls, and they'll have done it by beating three straight NFC West teams; Rams in 79 then the Hawks and Arizona.
Just one more reason to force myself to root for the Cards.
- January 28, 2009 at 3:16 AM
- Fashion Ethic said...
I was in Detroit that day and sat row 6...those towels were being handed out by KODAK employees in the stadium. I asked one girl where the Seahawk towels were and she LAUGHED at me. I haven't purchased Kodak products since that day.
Before halftime even came, Steeler fans gave up on their team. The guy next to me filled his camera with shots of our SeaGals (Pitt doesn't have cheerleaders at all) and I can also say that we Hawk fans earned the respect of Steeler fans....
True story - when my dad and I got to our seats I got the once over and look of CONTEMPT from two older Steeler ladies in our row, to which I asked them "are we going to have a problem, ladies?" (me being a 29-year old true blue decorated fan and a little tipsy already). By the end of the game, they were hugging me and said we were great fans and had a great team. And they weren't the only ones.
So did it suck to be there that night? Not as much as it does when I watch NFL Films recap that SB. That is physically painful to me. Thus, I totally understand the need to rant about it.
And now it's out of MY system. For a little bit. ;)
- January 30, 2009 at 6:31 PM
- Balin said...
People keep asking when I'm going to "get over it," too. I tell them: "When the NFL moves the Lombardi Trophy to Seattle."
This is a great post, and mirrors exactly what I've been feeling / saying for almost 4 years now: There was no conspiracy, but the NFL PICKED SIDES in this game - you forgot to mention the touching black & white TV commercials, each one showing a player or coach holding the Superbowl trophy and talking about what it would mean to win it. SIX STEELERS and TWO Seahawks were shown, the first four of which were Steelers.
Bill Leavy's crew only obliged what was OBVIOUSLY the desired outcome by all. Leavy should not be allowed to officiate in the NFL.
And as you said: I don't hate the Steelers as much as I hate the officiating crew ... and the Steelers fans who have subsequently FORGOTTEN how they "won" that game.
My best friend at work is a DIE HARD Steelers fan (and we all know what entitled crybabies they are), and even he said after the game, "I don't feel good about this one at all. It feels dirty."
They ALL felt that way on Feb 7, 2006. Now they celebrate their six rings and tell us to get over it. Funny story: My table at our College Station, TX sports bar is all Seahawks fans, and we won a free party for 10 (free food & drinks, etc). The Steelers fans behind us asked if they were invited to join in. I said, "Not a chance we're sharing our food with Steelers fans. You already have our Lombardi Trophy. When will it be enough!?" LMAO.
- December 9, 2009 at 1:17 PM


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From Openmoko
Tomhacohen (Talk | contribs)
Tomhacohen (Talk | contribs)
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* author: Tom Hacohen <available_at_profile>
* author: Tom Hacohen <available_at_profile>
* this is a python script so code resides in /usr/bin/siglaunchd (hopefuly in a public svn soon)
* this is a python script so code resides in /usr/bin/siglaunchd (hopefuly in a public svn soon)
* link: [http://stosb.com/openmoko/siglaunchd_0.
* link: [http://stosb.com/openmoko/siglaunchd_0..ipk package]
Revision as of 09:45, 15 November 2008
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This project is daemon which listens to dbus signals and runs applications accordingly. The signals, application to run and some rules that will be evaluated against incoming dbus signals can be easily changed in the configuration file. This application is mainly intended to work with the openmoko framework so end users will be able to run application uppon events without too much effort, though that isn't a limitation. For example, one can set the aux button to launch the dialer and the other can set a sound when screen is dimmed with as little as no effort.
(The default config file is set so open moko terminal will be run when the aux button is pressed for two or more seconds)
- author: Tom Hacohen <available_at_profile>
- this is a python script so code resides in /usr/bin/siglaunchd (hopefuly in a public svn soon)
- link: package
- upgrade the rules system (add more complex variable types for comparison in the rules)
- add errors (and a log file?) when the configuration file is broken
- build sample applications to go with it
- < and > only supports floats, add string support (= works with strings).
- add support for SIGHUP so configuration will be loaded without app restart


text:
May 24, 2010
LOS ANGELES -- Judy D. Olian, chairman of the G. and R. Loeb Foundation Inc. and dean of UCLA Anderson School of Management, announced the finalists of the 2010 Gerald Loeb Awards for Distinguished Business and Financial Journalism. She also announced the recipients of the Lifetime Achievement Award and the Lawrence Minard Editor Award. Winners in the 13 competition categories will be announced at the 2010 Loeb Awards dinner on Tuesday, June 29, 2010, at Capitale in New York City.
The 2010 Lifetime Achievement Award recipient is Walt Bogdanich, assistant investigative editor at The New York Times. This annual award recognizes an individual whose career exemplifies the consistent and superior insight and professional skills necessary to further the understanding of business, financial and economic issues.
Alix Freedman, deputy managing editor at The Wall Street Journal, will receive the 2010 Lawrence Minard Editor Award, named in memory of Laury Minard, founding editor of Forbes Global and a former final judge for the Loeb Awards. This award honors excellence in business, financial and economic journalism editing and recognizes an editor whose work does not receive a byline or whose face does not appear on the air for the work covered.
Winners in the 13 competition categories will be announced from among the following finalists, which were chosen from among a record 513 entries.
Large Newspapers Category Finalists
- Gretchen Morgenson, Don Van Natta Jr., Peter S. Goodman and Jenny Anderson for "Back to Business" in The New York Times
- Michael Moss and Andrew Martin for "Food Safety" in The New York Times
- Charles Duhigg for "Toxic Waters" in The New York Times
- Kate Kelly, Jon Hilsenrath, Dan Fitzpatrick, Suzanne Craig, Deborah Solomon, Damian Paletta and David Enrich for "USA Inc.: The State of Capitalism" in The Wall Street Journal
- Mark Maremont for "The Talented Mr. Pang" in The Wall Street Journal
Medium & Small Newspapers Category Finalists
- Rick Montgomery and Dan Margolies for "Enterprise Rent-A-Car Airbags" in The Kansas City Star
- Michael Sallah, Rob Barry and Lucy Komisar for "Keys to the Kingdom: How State Regulators Enabled a $7 Billion Ponzi Scheme" in The Miami Herald
- Raquel Rutledge for "Cashing in on Kids" in Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
- Kirsten Grind for "WaMu's Final Days" in Puget Sound Business Journal
Magazines Category Finalists
- James Bandler, Nicholas Varchaver and Doris Burke for "How Bernie Did It" in Fortune Magazine
- Joe Nocera for "Risk Mismanagement" in The New York Times Magazine
- Nina Munk for "Rich Harvard, Poor Harvard" in Vanity Fair
- Fred Vogelstein for "Facebook Versus Google" in Wired Magazine
Commentary Category Finalists
- David Leonhardt for "Economic Scene" in The New York Times
- Joseph E. Stiglitz for "Capitalist Fools and Wall Street's Toxic Message" in Vanity Fair
- Michael Wolff for "The Ultimate Bubble and Rupert to Internet: It's War!" in Vanity Fair
- Steven Pearlstein for "Commentary by Steven Pearlstein" in The Washington Post
Breaking News Category Finalists
- Matthew Goldstein for "Stanford Financial Coverage" in Bloomberg BusinessWeek
- Christine Tierney, David Shepardson and Gordon Trowbridge for "Breaking News (Big 3)" in The Detroit News
- Louise Story for "Return of the Big Payday" in The New York Times
- Jon Hilsenrath and Kate Kelly for "New York Fed Chairman's Ties to Goldman Raise Questions" in The Wall Street Journal
- Brady Dennis, David Cho and Binyamin Appelbaum for "AIG" in The Washington Post
Beat Writing Category Finalists
- Greg Sandoval for "SpiralFrog Coverage" in CNET
- Ralph Vartabedian and Ken Bensinger for "The Toyota Recall" in Los Angeles Times
- Michael Moss and Andrew Martin for "Food Safety" in The New York Times
- Aaron Kessler for "Contaminated Chinese Drywall" in Sarasota Herald-Tribune
Feature Writing Category Finalists
- James Bandler and Doris Burke for "The Grifter?" in Fortune Magazine
- David Segal for "After the Meltdown" in The New York Times
- Michael Lewis for "Wall Street on the Tundra" in Vanity Fair
- Robert A. Guth, Susan Pulliam and Justin Scheck for "The Network" in The Wall Street Journal
Online Commentary and Blogging Category Finalists
- Adrian Wooldridge, Steven N. Kaplan, Nell Minow, Patrick Lane, Brad DeLong, Luigi Zingales, Saugato Datta, Thomas Picketty and Chris Edwards for "Online Debates" for The Economist
- David Pogue for "Pogue's Posts" for The New York Times
- Francine McKenna for "re: The Auditors" for re: The Auditors Blog
- Jim Prevor for "Business, Finances and Public Policy" for The Weekly Standard
Personal Finance Category Finalists
- Ron Lieber and Andrew Martin for "The Card Game" in The New York Times
- Janet Paskin for "The Accidental 401(k) Planner" in SmartMoney Magazine
- Angie C. Marek for "Paging Dr. No" in SmartMoney Magazine
- Matthew Hathaway, Elizabethe Holland and Jim Gallagher for "From Prison to the Pinnacle" in St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Television Enterprise Category Finalists
- Brian Ross, Joseph Rhee, Angela Hill and Asa Eslocker for "Brian Ross Investigates: Runaway Toyotas" on ABC News
- Jeff Fager, Bill Owens, Scott Pelley, Claudia Weinstein and Draggan Mihailovich for "Amazon Crude" on CBS News/60 Minutes
- David Faber, Mitch Weitzner, James Jacoby, Jill Landes and Patrick Ahearn for "House of Cards" on CNBC
- Marlena Telvick, Lowell Bergman, Oriana Zill de Granados and Daniel Hirst for "Black Money" on PBS Frontline
- Byron Harris, Mark Smith, Kraig Kirchem and Billy Bryant for "Safety for Sale" on WFAA-TV
Business Book Category Finalists
- David Wessel for "In Fed We Trust" published by Crown Business
- Liaquat Ahamed for "Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World" published by The Penguin Press
- Andrew Ross Sorkin for "Too Big to Fail: The Inside Story of How Wall Street and Washington Fought to Save the Financial System - and Themselves" published by Penguin Group (USA) - Viking
News Services Category Finalists (in alphabetical order by outlet)
- Ted Anthony, Christopher S. Rugaber, Mike Schneider, and Mike Baker for "AP: Economic Stress Index" in The Associated Press
- Matt Apuzzo and Daniel Wagner for "AP: Geithner's Phone Records" in The Associated Press
- Michael Rapoport for "Minding The Banks. . .And The Government" in Dow Jones Newswires
- Greg Gordon, Kevin G. Hall, and Chris Adams for "Goldman, Moody's and the Collapse of the American Economy" in McClatchy Newspapers
- Sharyl Attkisson, Christopher Scholl, Matt Tureck, Rick Kaplan and Bill Piersol for "Follow the Money: Bailout Investigation" on CBS Evening News
- Armen Keteyian, John Blackstone, George Osterkamp, Yvonne Halee, Laura Strickler and Len Tepper for "Bernard Madoff Series" on CBS News
- Jeff Fager, Bill Owens, Steve Kroft, Claudia Weinstein, Ira Rosen and Sumi Aggarwal for "401(k) Recession" on CBS News/60 Minutes
- Jeff Fager, Bill Owens, Steve Kroft, Claudia Weinstein, Andy Court and Keith Sharman for "We Own It" on CBS News/60 Minutes
- Scott Cohn, Mary Thompson, Courtney Ford, Wally Griffith and Molly Mazilu for "The Madoff Scandal" on CNBC
For more information about the Loeb Awards, please visit the Loeb Awards website, e-mail email@example.com or call the Loeb Awards office at (310) 825-4478.
About UCLA Anderson School of Management
UCLA Anderson School of Management, established in 1935, is regarded among the leading business schools in the world. UCLA Anderson faculty members are renowned for their teaching excellence and research in advancing management thinking. Each year, UCLA Anderson provides management education to more than 1,800 students enrolled in MBA, Fully-Employed MBA, Executive MBA, UCLA-NUS Global Executive MBA, Master of Financial Engineering, and doctoral programs, and to more than 2,000 professional managers through executive education programs. Combining highly selective admissions, varied and innovative learning programs, and a world-wide network of 36,000 alumni, UCLA Anderson develops and prepares global leaders.


text:
EP173: Robots Don't Cry
By Mike Resnick.
Read by Stephen Eley.
Discuss on our forums.
All stories by Mike Resnick.
All stories read by Stephen Eley.
Every now and then we strike it rich. Usually we make a profit. Once in a while we just break even. There's only been one world where we actually lost money; I still remember it — Greenwillow. Except that it wasn't green, and there wasn't a willow on the whole damned planet.
There was a robot, though. We found him, me and the Baroni, in a barn, half-hidden under a pile of ancient computer parts and self-feeders for mutated cattle. We were picking through the stuff, wondering if there was any market for it, tossing most of it aside, when the sun peeked in through the doorway and glinted off a prismatic eye.
"Hey, take a look at what we've got here," I said. "Give me a hand digging it out."
Rated R. Contains profanity and some sadness.


text:
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By Deane Morrison
April 24, 2007
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Healthiest and Unhealthiest Fast Food Kids Menus Slideshow
#7 McDonald's
Average Kids' Meal Calorie Count: 527 calories
Healthiest Meal: 380 calories
Chicken McNuggets, apple dippers, and apple juice
Unhealthiest Meal: 700 calories
Cheeseburger, French fries, and chocolate milk
McDonald's made headlines this week after announcing the details of its revamped kids' menu. The new and improved meals include either chicken nuggets, a hamburger, or a cheeseburger along with a choice of fries or apple dippers and low-fat milk, juice, or a small soft drink.
#1 Subway
Average Kids' Meal Calorie Count: 372 calories
Healthiest Meal: 345 calories
Veggie Delite sandwich, apples, low-fat milk
Unhealthiest Meal: 395 calories
Roast beef sandwich, apples, low-fat milk
Considering their health-conscious reputation, it's no surprise Subway has the healthiest kids' menu on this list. Their meals include a three-inch sandwich, apples, and milk. However, a corporate representative explained that some franchises will allow you to sub in chips or a soft drink.
#8 Sonic Drive-In
Average Kids' Meal Calorie Count: 556 calories
Healthiest Meal: 410 calories
Chicken strips, apples, and juice
Unhealthiest Meal: 740 calories
Grilled cheese, French fries, and chocolate milk
When looking at a kids' menu that boasts options like corn dogs and cheeseburgers it's hard to believe the most gut-busting meal features grilled cheese. The real culprits here are the thick-sliced pieces of Texas toast that Sonic uses to make sandwiches. Equally surprising is that when it comes to choosing a side, an order of fries has 70 more calories than the same size order of tater tots (did you know that!).
#2 Burger King
Average Kids' Meal Calorie Count: 390 calories
Healthiest Meal: 350 calories
Chicken tenders, apple fries, and low-fat milk
Unhealthiest Meal: 430 calories
Hamburger, apple fries, and apple juice
Burger King is not taking its healthy makeover lightly. It's the only chain on this list that extended its initiative to its breakfast menu. In addition to the breakfast sandwich meal, options include either chicken tenders or a hamburger with apple fries and apple juice or milk. It does seem curious that the only place on Burger King's website to get a detailed description of its kids' meals is on their secondary Club BK site, one targeted at kids.
#3 Taco Bell
Average Kids' Meal Calorie Count: 414 calories
Healthiest Meal: 360 calories
Crunchy taco, cinnamon twists, and juice
Unhealthiest Meal: 580 calories
Bean burrito, cinnamon twists, and juice
Taco Bell's menu is full of surprises — the bean burrito (traditionally considered a healthy choice) is the heaviest main component, and crunchy tacos have fewer calories than soft tacos. All options include a side of crunchy cinnamon twists and a juice box.
#10 Dairy Queen
Average Kids' Meal Calorie Count: 737 calories
Healthiest Meal: 603 calories
Chicken strips, applesauce, soda, and ice cream cone
Unhealthiest Meal: 883 calories
Cheeseburger, fries, soda, and a Dilly bar
OK, so maybe it's not suprising that a chain known best for its ice cream has this list's most unhealthy kids' menu. The meals begin with a choice of chicken strips, hamburger, cheeseburger, or hot dog followed by fries or applesauce, and soft drink. Of course, a true DQ feast would not be complete without dessert, so kids have a choice of either a Dilly bar, ice cream sandwich, or cone.
#4 Chick-fil-A
Average Kids' Meal Calorie Count: 441 calories
Healthiest Meal: 260 calories
Chicken strip, low-fat milk, and a fruit cup
Unhealthiest Meal: 660 calories
Chicken nuggets, low-fat chocolate milk, and fries
One of Chick-fil-A's meal options includes a single measly chicken strip as the main component. What's that all about? That's a meal? That said, calorie-wise, it's interesting to note the difference a few nuggets and a serving of fries make.
Average Kids' Meal Calorie Count: 446 calories
Healthiest Meal: 280 calories
Chicken strips, string cheese, corn, and a Capri Sun
Unhealthiest Meal: 663 calories
Popcorn chicken, string cheese, potato wedges, soda
Kids' meals at KFC are characterized by their quantity. Without doubt, this menu offers the largest combos, but not the heaviest on average. There are also a lot of choices, beginning with either a drumstick (grilled, original recipe, or extra crispy), strips, or popcorn chicken follwed by a choice of a small side, string cheese, and a drink.
#9 Quizno's
Average Kids' Meal Calorie Count: 613 calories
Healthiest Meal: 455 calories
Ham melt sandwich, chips, and a soda
Unhealthiest Meal: 773 calories
Cheesy toasted cheese sandwich, cookie, and soda
The meal options for kids at Quizno's include a combination of toasted sandwiches with cheese, ham, and turkey along with either chips or a cookie and a soft drink.
#6 Wendy's
Average Kids' Meal Calorie Count: 502 calories
Healthiest Meal: 283 calories
Chicken nuggets, apples, and a soft drink
Unhealthiest Meal: 623 calories
Chicken sandwich, fries, and a soft drink
The options available on the Wendy's kids' menu are pretty standard — the main choices are nuggets, a hamburger, or a cheeseburger along with either apples or fries. The real variety comes with the drinks; kids can choose from a wide variety of soft drinks or go for milk or a classic vanilla or chocolate Frosty instead.


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Your Apple ID is the account you use to sign in to all Apple services. If you forgot your Apple ID or aren't sure you have one, there are a few ways to find it. You can also reset your password to regain access.
See if you're already signed in with your Apple ID
You might already be signed in on one of your Apple devices. View the Apple ID that you're using for Apple services.
On your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch
Look for your Apple ID in your iCloud or iTunes & App Store settings.
Tap Settings > [your name]. On iOS 10.2 or earlier, tap Settings > iCloud.
iTunes & App Stores
Tap Settings > [your name] > iTunes & App Stores. On iOS 10.2 or earlier, tap Settings > iTunes & App Stores.
You can also try these other services:
- Tap Settings > Accounts & Passwords. On iOS 10.3 or earlier, tap Settings > Mail, Contacts, Calendars.
- Tap Settings > Messages > Send & Receive.
- Tap Settings > FaceTime.
- Tap Settings > Mail, Contacts, Calendars.
If you know your Apple ID, but can't turn off Find my iPhone Activation Lock, learn what to do.
On your Mac
- Go to Apple menu () > System Preferences, then click iCloud.
- Go to Apple menu () > System Preferences > Internet Accounts, then look for accounts with iCloud.
- Open iTunes, then choose Account > View My Account. If you're signed in to iTunes with your Apple ID, you'll see your account name and email address.
- Open App Store, then select Store > View My Account.
- Open iBooks, then select Store > View My Apple ID.
- Open FaceTime, then select FaceTime > Preferences, then click Settings.
- Open Messages, then select Messages > Preferences, then click Accounts.
On your Apple TV
- Open Settings, then select Accounts > iCloud.
- Open Settings, then select Accounts > iTunes and App Store.
On your PC
- Open iCloud for Windows.
- Open iTunes, then choose Account > View My Account. If you're signed in to iTunes with your Apple ID, you'll see your account name and email address.
On iCloud.com
Go to iCloud.com. If you're already signed in to iCloud, click Settings. If you're not signed in to iCloud, your Apple ID might prefill on the sign in screen.
Check iTunes for previous purchases
If you previously bought something in the iTunes Store, you can see the account that you used.
If your Apple ID has changed since you made the purchase, then the name in File Info won't work.
- Open iTunes.
- Click one of your purchases. You can find your purchases in your Library.
- Choose Edit > Get Info.
- Click the File tab.
- Go to purchased by. You can see the Apple ID that was used to buy the item.
If you find your Apple ID, but still don't remember your password, reset your password.
Try a different email address
Usually, your Apple ID is your email address.* First, try signing in with all prior email addresses that you might have used as an Apple ID.
Use your Apple ID account page
- Go to your Apple ID account page and click Forgot Apple ID or password.
- When you're asked to enter your Apple ID, click If you forgot your Apple ID, you can look it up.
- Enter your first name, last name, and email address. If you enter the wrong email address, you can try again with a different one.
If you want to change your Apple ID after you find it, we recommend that you update it in Settings for all of your Apple apps and services.
You only need one Apple ID. Using multiple Apple IDs might be confusing when you access purchased content or use Apple services.
FaceTime isn't available in all countries or regions.
* In China mainland and India, you can use your phone number as your Apple ID.


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Picture Books
All the World by Liz Garton Scanlon, illustrated by Marla Frazee (Beach Lane, 2009). The Chicago Tribune said: "There's a wonderful balanced imbalance between the sweeping largeness of the pictures and the spare script of perfectly chosen words." See curriculum guide.
Cromwell Dixon's Sky-Circle by John Abbott Nez (Putnam, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with John. Peek: "It's a true story of adventure, determination, courage and perseverance. 1907 was an amazing age. It was a period when an obsession with flying swept the nation. For the first time in history, people were flying and even building flying machines in their own backyards."
The Day-Glo Brothers: The True Story of Bob and Joe Switzer's Bright Ideas and Brand-New Colors by Chris Barton, illustrated by Tony Persiani (Little, Brown, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Chris. Peek: "It occurred to me in the spring of 2001 that a picture book about the invention of Day-Glo colors, using those actual colors in the art, could be really, really cool. So, I got in touch with members of the Switzer family and began my research, and that fall, I began shopping a ridiculously long version of the manuscript around to publishing houses."
New Year at the Pier: A Rosh Hashanah Story by April Halprin Wayland, illustrated by Stephané Jorisch (Dial, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with April. Peek: "During Rosh Hashanah, there is a joyous waterside ritual called Tashlich which helps us clear the slate for the coming year. We walk to the pier, sing songs, then toss pieces of bread into the ocean for each of the mistakes we've made in the past year."
S Is for Story: A Writer's Alphabet by Esther Hershenhorn, illustrated by Zachary Pullen (Sleeping Bear, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Esther. Peek: "S is for Story celebrates the all-important reader-writer connection. It's an A-to-Z journey through a writer's life and process."
Joey Fly: Private Eye by Aaron Reynolds, illustrated by Neil Numberman (Henry Holt, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Aaron and Neil. Peek: "I love bugs and I love mysteries, so this seemed to be a great smash-up of those two ideas."
Middle Grade/Tween
Confetti Girl by Diana Lopez (Little, Brown, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Diana. Peek: "At a dinner last year, a librarian from the Midwest asked, 'So this is a family tradition?' Her eyes got so big when I told her it's something the whole South Texas region does. Maybe cascarones will go mainstream like piñatas and salsa."
The Evolution of Calpurnia Tate by Jacqueline Kelly (Henry Holt, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Jacqueline. Peek: "One summer, I was lying on the daybed in the living room under the ancient air conditioner, which was barely cooling the room, and I thought to myself, how did people stand it in the heat a hundred years ago, especially the women, who had to wear corsets and all those layers of clothing? And with that thought, Calpurnia and her whole family sprang to life to answer the question for me."
The Importance of Wings by Robin Friedman (Charlesbridge, 2009). See excerpt of chapter one. Kirkus Reviews said: "Told in a first-person voice that is both sardonic and sincere, Friedman's novel succeeds in bringing forth some common issues that challenge any immigrant American child who must straddle separate ways of life while striving for that true-blue American image."
The Small Adventure of Popeye and Elvis by Barbara O'Connor (FSG/Frances Foster, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Barbara. Peek: "The story was inspired by a blog post by Tamra Wight, author of The Three Grumpies, illustrated by Ross Collins (Bloomsbury, 2005)."
Where the Mountain Meets the Moon by Grace Lin (Little, Brown, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Grace. Peek: "It is an Asian-themed folktale-inspired fantasy where a brave young girl named Minli journeys to change her family's fortune, traveling farther than she ever imagined."
Winnie's War by Jenny Moss (Walker, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Jenny. Peek: "In a way, it seemed to me that we'd, as a nation, forgotten the pandemic, and if I didn't depict things as they were, then I'd be doing the same thing, turning from something because it was difficult."
YA Nonfiction
Almost Astronauts: 13 Women Who Dared to Dream by Tanya Lee Stone (Candlewick, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Tanya. Peek: "Although they excelled, and, in some cases, did even better than the men, NASA was not ready to allow women into the space program."
YA Realistic Fiction
Border Crossing by Jessica Lee Anderson (Milkweed, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Jessica. Peek: "I would encourage writers to find validation apart from writing. Writing is what we do, but it shouldn't completely define who we are (especially in a business where so much is out of our control)."
The Chosen One by Carol Lynch Williams (St. Martins, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Carol. Peek: "Long ago, I heard about a girl who had run from her home because she didn't want to marry a much-older family member. The moment I heard that story, I was like, I'll write a book about that some day. But the story stayed just a kernel of an idea for many, many years."
Hate List by Jennifer Brown (Little, Brown, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Jennifer. Peek: "When I finished Hate List, I was afraid to show it to Cori. Afraid she'd hate it and, worse, would be unhappy with me for writing something so very different than the work she took me on for."
Jumping Off Swings by Jo Knowles (Candlewick, 2009). See awards/reviews/quotes from Candlewick. Publishers Weekly said: "Absorbing from first page to last, this sensitively written novel explores how a teenager's crisis rocks her life as well as the lives of others."
Love You Hate You Miss You by Elizabeth Scott (HarperCollins, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Elizabeth. Peek: "Love You Hate You Miss You did require a certain amount of research, mostly about young women and drinking and how that drinking is perceived. It's strange--there's a lot of worry about it, but there's also a fair amount of 'it's a stage, it's not really a problem because most girls don't drink every day'--and that was something I thought about a lot, and that Amy comes to her own conclusions about in the book."
The Morgue and Me by John C. Ford (Viking, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with John. Peek: "Nobody would (or should) care about the 'Double Indemnity' allusion, but it got me thinking. In 'Double Indemnity,' the main character is a jaded insurance salesman. Certainly, an 18-year-old's frame of mind would be much different than his, but how?"
Once Was Lost by Sara Zarr (Little, Brown, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Sara. Peek: "There's been a movement in certain parts of Christendom for awhile now, welcoming artists and creative people back into the religious community and realizing that the safe, pleasant, Thomas Kinkade-esque visions of the world they were previously endorsing in the Christian product marketplace actually have nothing to do with Christianity. (I'm not sure how it is in other religious communities---I can only speak from my experience.)"
So Punk Rock (And Other Ways to Disappoint Your Mother) by Micol Ostow, illustrated by David Ostow (Flux, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Micol and David. Peek: "It's the story of Ari Abramson, a sixteen-year-old everyguy and junior at Leo R. Gittleman Jewish Day School, who believes that popularity is just a mere verse/chorus/verse away. He recruits his longtime best friend, the charismatic, if self-absorbed, Jonas Fein, to play bass in a band, and thus The Tribe is born. A one-song set at a local bar mitzvah catapults the group to sudden stardom--setting in motion a series of clashing egos, misunderstood friendships, and broken hearts."
Rage: A Love Story by Julie Anne Peters (Knopf, 2009). Read an excerpt. Readingjunky's Reading Roost says: "Rage is Julie Anne Peters's most powerful book yet. The focus is on an abusive dating relationship and the toll it takes on victim and villain alike."
YA Fantasy
Ash by Malinda Lo (Little, Brown, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Malinda. Peek: "When I began work on my second draft, I thought long and hard about whether I wanted to turn the story in that direction. Did I truly want to write a 'lesbian Cinderella'?"
Candor by Pam Bachorz (Egmont, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Pam. Peek: "Even with all my preparation, I still ask myself at the start of each chapter: 'What really should be happening next? Does my story wire leave anything out? Can I skip ahead to something more interesting?'"
Evil? by Timothy Carter (Flux, 2009). Publishers Weekly said, "A book that doesn't take itself too seriously, but will leave readers with plenty to consider, as it addresses themes of morality, sexuality and faith."
Shadowed Summer by Saundra Mitchell (Delacorte, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Saundra. Peek: "So Iris settled down with me to think about that--to roll that idea over with me: we don't know what other people contain. And that means no one else will ever know what we contain, either."
Silver Phoenix: Beyond the Kingdom of Xia by Cindy Pon (Greenwillow, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Cindy. Peek: "I remember my first grade teacher writing my name on the board because I didn't know the alphabet, much less how to spell."
Soul Enchilada by David Macinnis Gill (Greenwillow, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with David. Peek: "The challenge came from the setting, El Paso. I have never been to West Texas, so I needed a ton of information on places, names, locales, smells, sounds, and attitudes."
Watersmeet by Ellen Jensen Abbott (Marshall Cavendish, 2009). Read a Cynsations interview with Ellen. Peek: "In world building, you have to follow your decisions to their natural conclusions. If one of my dwarves lives primarily underground, how can she farm? If centaurs can speak with hoofed animals (as my centaurs can), would they eat them? How much faster would a faun move across given terrain than a human?"
Don't miss companion books/sequels to earlier YA fantasy favorites: Ballad by Maggie Stiefvater (Flux, 2009); Black is for Beginnings by Laurie Faria Stolarz (Flux, 2009)(graphic format); Darklight by Lesley Livingston (HarperCollins, 2009); Dead Girl in Love by Linda Joy Singleton (Flux, 2009); and Fade by Lisa McMann (Simon Pulse, 2009).
Cynsational Notes
Quick caveats: (a) I haven't read every 2009 book published, though I did read 300+ (down from last year; note that picture books are very short); (b) to varying degrees, I know or have met some (but not most) of the creators above--if I cut everyone I knew, potential picks would be significantly reduced in number; (c) I will continue to read and feature 2009 titles in 2010 and beyond; (d) these are highlights, not predictions, not an all-inclusive list of my favorites.
Beyond that, I made an effort to sidestep bestsellers as well as previous ALA and NBA honorees, though one or two may have sneaked in. I decided not to list books by my advisees or that I read in manuscript or contributed to myself. Or put another way, yes, I loved Rita Williams-Garcia's Jumped (HarperCollins, 2009)(author interview), Libba Bray's Going Bovine (Delacorte, 2009)(author interview), VCFA graduate Julie Berry's The Amaranth Enchantment (Bloomsbury, 2009), and Holly Black and Cecil Castellucci's Geektastic: Stories from the Nerd Herd (Little, Brown, 2009), but they don't need the help and/or I'm a bit too close to them for our purposes here.
Likewise, I'd like to cheer my Candlewick editor, Deborah Noyes (Wayshak) on the release of Sideshow: Ten Original Tales of Freaks, Illusionists, and Other Matters Odd and Magical and African Acrostics: A World in Edgeways with poems by Avis Harley (both Candlewick, 2009). Note: in addition to my short stories in Geektastic and Sideshow, I also published a YA Gothic fantasy novel, Eternal (Candlewick, 2009).
A few quick observations... It's arguably the year of the debut author, I have an ongoing commitment to supporting new voices, and the combination of those forces definitely shows here. Likewise, I'm drawn and devoted to Texas voices and settings. I did hesitate briefly at the sight of four Austinites on my list, but quickly realized that three of their respective books are consistently appearing on "best" lists as well as that the fourth clearly deserved to be in their company. In terms of titles by and about diverse folks, the big news is a tentative foothold in YA fantasy, including high fantasy, and people of all backgrounds writing cross-culturally.
See also Favorites of 2009 (updated) from Greg Leitich Smith at GregLSBlog.


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Lee and Babs Robinson had a cocktail party at their spectacular home overlooking the river to announce a partnership between the Lee W. Robinson Company and Kelley Construction. Robinson Kelley is a concierge residential company, a revolutionary new concept serving as a one-stop source for residential ground-up construction, renovation and design services.
The company is a result of the combined expertise of the two well-known businesses located here. The unique structure of Robinson Kelley allows each parent company to operate as a separate entity, keeping its core business intact. Licensed in 48 states, their specialties come together to provide boutique clients all-around service in their construction and design needs.
They offer preconstruction planning, onsite construction management, general contracting, exterior design and drafting, building info modeling, LEED certified "green building,†architectural renovation and interior design and eliminate the need for third party contractors.
As a concierge residential renovation and construction company, additional services include: airport pick up, provided meals, state–of-the-art technology for remote access to job site status, personalized service with direct access to Lee; and an onsite supervisor. I think they will walk the dog for you and have the cat neutered, too!
Lee has a degree in economics and management with a minor in art from Centre College.
Originally he was a banker as both his and his wife's families were in the banking business. Eventually Lee decided he wanted to go to the famed Parson School of Design and he studied at Christie's.
He has been a finalist for Kentucky Entrepreneur of the Year, was one of Business First's Fast Fifty in 2006 .(Did that have something to do with his age? Just kidding, Lee!)
In 2011 his firm was named the largest interior design firm in Jefferson County. He operates a second office at 5th Avenue & 57th Street in NYC.
Brothers Mark and Joe Kelley are co-owners of Kelley Construction, one of the largest construction firms operating in greater Louisville.
Depending on how complicated the building is, Joe Kelley, president and CEO of Kelley Construction, and his brother, Mark, vice president of Kelley, will be available for face-to-face meetings.
It was a fun party with Mo and Rick Mitchell, Missy and Jim Allen, Sarah Brown, Beaver McMahan, Tyler Thompson, Ann and Darrell Wells, Peter Ashby and Jody Howard, Mayor Greg Gischer, Brian Lavin, Elizabeth and John Lenihan, Elizabeth and Jack Conway, Steve Bass, Steve Graham, Pheobe and Mark Wood, Beth Davis, Michelle and Tyler Beam, Brooke and Mack Schwab, Sara and John McCall, Kathy and Kent Oyler, and Dale Boden. Close by neighbors Mary F. and Ed Glasscock and Angela and Lee Leet were there too. Café Fraiche handled the catering and served some wonderful hors d'oeuvres.
Easter Brunch
Don't want to cook? Then go to the Brown Hotel for its annual Easter Brunch Buffet at J. Graham's café.
There is seating at 11:30 a.m., 11:45 a.m., 1:15 p.m. and 1:30 p.m. It is $40 per adult and $19.50 for children 4 to 12. Children under 4 are complimentary.
It includes soup, six salads, Hot Brown Casserole, Seared Salmon with Herb Crust and Citrus Beurre Blanc, Roasted Fingerling Potatoes Gratin with Goat Cheese, Mac and Cheese, Bacon and Sausage, Ham, Leg of Lamb, veggies, omelets and waffles and breakfast pastries and then all sorts of desserts.
There will be someone from Weight Watchers there to sign you up as you waddle out the door!


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The globalization of public health: the first 100 years of international health diplomacy
David P. Fidler1
Abstract Global threats to public health in the 19th century sparked the development of international health diplomacy. Many international regimes on public health issues were created between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. The present article analyses the global risks in this field and the international legal responses to them between 1851 and 1951, and explores the lessons from the first century of international health diplomacy of relevance to contemporary efforts to deal with the globalization of public health.
Keywords Public health administration/history; World health/trends; International cooperation/history; Diplomacy; Communicable disease control/history; Drug and narcotic control/history; Employment/standards; Alcoholic beverages/supply and distribution; Water pollution/prevention and control; International law; Treaties (source: MeSH).
Mots clés Administration santé publique/histoire; Santé mondiale/orientations; Coopération internationale/histoire; Diplomatie; Lutte contre maladie contagieuse/histoire; Contrôle drogues et stupéfiants/histoire; Emploi/normes; Boissons alcoolisées/ressources et distribution; Pollution eau/prévention et contrôle; Droit international; Traités (source: INSERM).
Palabras clave Administración en salud pública/historia; Salud mundial/tendencias; Cooperación internacional/ historia; Diplomacia; Control de enfermedades transmisibles/historia; Control de medicamentos y narcóticos/historia; Empleo/normas; Bebidas alcohólicas/provisión y distribución; Contaminación del agua/prevención y control; Derecho internacional; Tratados (fuente BIREME).
Contemporary analyses of public health make much of its globalization and the national and international impact of this. Commentators argue that globalization creates challenges for the governance of global health, including the need to construct international regimes capable of responding to global threats to public health. These problems are not new: the globalization of public health led to the development of international health diplomacy and international regimes for public health beginning in the mid-19th century. This article analyses the first 100 years of international health diplomacy in order to elucidate what lessons the past holds for the governance of global health today and in the future.
The term "globalization" has been introduced only recently into analyses of world affairs. Most definitions of globalization indicate that it refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness between societies such that events in one part of the world increasingly have effects on peoples and societies far away (1). The idea that events in one part of the world have health effects in countries far away is familiar to historians. Thus McNeill analysed the formation of a Eurasian and then a global infectious disease pool from 500 BC to 1700 AD (2). The quarantine practices of European states in the 14th century marked the beginning of modern public health (3, 4). The history of public health is, in fact, that of the processes of increasing interconnectedness between societies such that events in one part of the world have health effects on peoples and countries far away.
International cooperation on the control of global risks to human health did not begin until the mid-19th century. Today's commentators argue that the factors accounting for globalization, such as information technology, trade and the flow of capital, undermine the state's control over what happens in its territory (5). Globalization forces individual states to cooperate with each other and build partnerships with non-state actors, such as multinational corporations and nongovernmental organizations, in order to develop global governance. Experts distinguish international governance, defined as intergovernmental cooperation, from global governance, which involves the interaction of states, international organizations, and non-state actors to shape values, policies and rules (6). In public health, the shift from national to global governance began in the mid-19th century, when international health diplomacy emerged because of concern about infectious diseases. During the next 100 years this facet of diplomacy expanded as states, international organizations, and non-state actors tackled global threats to public health through international law and institutions.
The public health risks that acquired global significance during this period were associated with infectious diseases, opium and alcohol, occupational hazards, and transboundary pollution. These matters are discussed below, as are the legal and institutional responses of states and international organizations; the role of non-state actors in global health governance from the mid-19th century until the mid-20th century; the effectiveness of the global health governance regimes constructed in this period; and the lessons of the first century of international health diplomacy for people currently struggling with global risks to public health and the politics they generate.
Global public health risks, 18511951
Infectious diseases
International health diplomacy began in 1851, when European states gathered for the first International Sanitary Conference to discuss cooperation on cholera, plague, and yellow fever (7). These states had previously dealt with transboundary disease transmission through national quarantine policies. The development of railways and the construction of faster ships were among the technological advances that increased pressure on national quarantine systems (8). However, disease control became a subject of diplomatic discussion as a result of the cholera epidemics that swept through Europe in the first half of the 19th century. National policies not only failed to prevent the spread of the disease but also created discontent among merchants, who bore the brunt of quarantine measures and urged their governments to take international action. In today's parlance, cholera was an emerging infectious disease that caught Europeans unprepared.
The next 100 years witnessed an evolution in international cooperation on infectious diseases. States convened conferences, adopted treaties, and created several international health organizations to facilitate cooperation on the control of infectious diseases. The work of Koch and Pasteur encouraged international cooperation as germ theory allowed diplomats to shape more informed policies and rules. By the end of 1951 this scientific and diplomatic process had produced the World Health Organization and a single set of international legal rules on infectious disease control, the International Sanitary Regulations (9). Over the course of a century, the global threat of infectious diseases had produced processes, rules, and institutions for global health governance.
International trade in narcotic drugs and alcohol
The international trade in opium was lucrative for the European powers. This was especially true for Great Britain, which forced China to allow the importation of opium from other British colonial territories, particularly India, after the Opium War of 183942 (10). Improvements in sailing technology, especially the development of the clipper ship, enabled the opium trade to expand, thus solidifying the economic links between Europe, the Americas, and Asia (10). International concern about the deleterious social and health effects of the opium trade grew during the latter half of the 19th century. The International Opium Commission held its first meeting in 1909 (11, 12). In response to the global health threat presented by narcotic drugs, states negotiated nine treaties on their control between 1912 and 1953.
The second half of the 19th century also saw Western states engaging in diplomacy about the adverse effects of alcohol on indigenous people in colonial areas. In 1884, Great Britain proposed that an international understanding be entered into for the protection of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Ocean by prohibiting the supply of liquors to them (13, 14). Similar concerns found expression in the 1890 General Act of the Brussels Conference Relating to the African Slave Trade and in the 1899 Convention Respecting Liquor Traffic in Africa (15, 16).
Regulation of the alcohol trade to Africa continued into the 20th century. In 1901 the US Senate proposed that "the principle ... that native races should be protected against the destructive traffic in intoxicants should be extended to all uncivilized peoples by enactment of such laws and the making of such treaties as will effectually prohibit the sale by the signatory powers to aboriginal tribes and uncivilized races of opium and intoxicating beverages" (14). Using this resolution, in 1902 the USA proposed a universal treaty on limiting liquor sales "in the western Pacific, or in any other uncivilized quarter where the salutary principle of liquor restriction could be practically applied" (14). In the 1919 treaty regulating alcohol importation in most of sub-Saharan Africa, the signatories stated that the prohibition of alcohol importation was necessary because alcohol was "especially dangerous to the native populations by the nature of the products ... or by the opportunities which a low price affords for their extended use" (17). In addition, Western states exhibited concern about the illicit trade in alcohol among themselves, as evidenced by numerous regional and bilateral treaties.
Occupational safety and health
The industrial revolution that swept across Europe in the 19th century triggered concerns about health threats posed by dangerous working conditions. The mistreatment of workers by industrial enterprises became a global phenomenon that produced efforts to create international labour standards. Concerns about occupational safety and health continued into the 20th century and led to the creation of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in 1919. The ILO's constitution emphasized the global nature of the threat to occupational safety and health, in asserting "conditions of labor exist involving such injustice, hardship, and privation to large numbers of people as to produce unrest so great that the peace and harmony of the world are imperiled; and an improvement in those conditions is urgently required" (18).
Transboundary water pollution
The industrial revolution created new environmental and health threats that transcended national boundaries and raised the need for international cooperation. Birnie & Boyle, analysing 19th-century and early 20th-century treaties regulating the uses of international rivers and lakes, observed that "early European practice frequently prohibited industrial or agricultural pollution harmful to river fisheries or domestic use" (19). Transboundary air pollution was the subject of the 1938 Trail Smelter Arbitration, whereby Canada was held responsible for damage caused in the USA by emissions from a Canadian smelting facility (20, 21). While not as geographically widespread as the problems presented by infectious diseases, transboundary pollution emerged in the 18511951 period as another public health threat that had to be tackled through international law.
International law, international institutions and global public health risks
Analyses of global public health risks have frequently mentioned international law and international organizations. When a state needs to cooperate with other countries to confront a threat, international law often becomes a central instrument in the crafting of a common approach. Globalization undermines a state's ability to control what happens in its own territory. Consequently, it is necessary to construct procedures, rules, and institutions through international law. Arguments about the importance of international legal regimes to the production of global "public goods" underscore the importance of international law in dealing with global problems (22). A great quantity and diversity of international legal regimes on global health risks emerged during the 18511951 period.
Infectious diseases
The series of International Sanitary Conferences that began in 1851 and continued for almost a century, together with other diplomatic efforts, produced many treaties on infectious disease control (Table 1). Also important to the development of international legal regimes on infectious diseases was the creation of international health organizations with a mandate to facilitate cooperation on infectious diseases. Four such organizations emerged during the 18511951 period: the Pan American Sanitary Bureau in 1902, the Office International de l'Hygiène Publique in 1907, the Health Organisation of the League of Nations in 1923, and WHO in 1948.a
International trade in narcotic drugs and alcohol
States also used treaties and international organizations to control international trade in opium and alcohol. The treaties on narcotic drug control that were negotiated between 1912 and 1953 are listed in Table 2. Advice on these treaties was provided by international health organizations, such as the Office International de l'Hygiène Publique and the Health Organisation of the League of Nations (8). The League of Nations created an Opium Advisory Committee in 1921, which examined international opium traffic (11). The Pan American Sanitary Bureau was involved in combating drug addiction in the Americas during the first half of the 20th cen- tury (23).
Treaties concerning alcohol sought to control illicit regional or bilateral traffic or to restrict the importation and sale of alcohol in Africa (Table 3 and Table 4). The 1919 treaty regulating alcohol traffic in Africa created a central bureau to oversee implementation under the authority of the League of Nations (17). The Health Organisation of the League of Nations began working on alcoholism in 1928 (24).
Occupational safety and health
States also turned to international law and international organizations in connection with the improvement of occupational safety and health standards (Table 5). The founding of the ILO in 1919 catalysed the creation of international labour law because this body adopted numerous treaties on the improvement of standards.
Transboundary air pollution
European and North American states used treaties to regulate pollution in international watercourses in the latter half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century (Table 6). The rules in the treaties were not uniform in their approach: some strictly prohibited pollution, while others tolerated pollution caused by reasonable uses of international watercourses (19). Treaties on transboundary air pollution did not, however, develop in the 18511951 period. The best-known international legal dispute on transboundary air pollution in this period, the Trail Smelter Arbitration (1938), involved the application of customary international law rather than a treaty. Nevertheless, it demonstrated that international law applied to transboundary air pollution. The arbitral panel held that "no state has the right to use or permit the use of its territory in such a manner as to cause injury by fumes in or to the territory or the properties or persons therein, when the case is of serious consequence and the injury is established by clear and convincing evidence" (20).
Non-state actors and the globalization of public health, 18511951
A feature of contemporary globalization is the growing importance of multinational corporations and nongovernmental organizations on both global health problems and global governance (25). The involvement of non-state actors in globalization largely distinguishes global governance from international governance. Between 1851 and 1951, merchants involved in moving people and goods around the world contributed to the spread of infectious diseases and to the international trade in opium and alcohol. Commercial enterprises, frustrated by national quarantine systems, exerted pressure on states to launch and sustain diplomacy on infectious disease control (26). Nongovernmental organizations, such as the Rockefeller Foundation and the International Union Against Tuberculosis, cooperated with international health organizations in tackling infectious diseases and other public health problems (8). The International Bureau Against Alcoholism, established in 1907, urged governments to limit alcohol imports, especially in Africa (24).
A major development came with the provision in the ILO constitution that delegations of Member States should all include representatives from industry and labour unions who should have the right to vote alongside but independently of government representatives (18). ILO is also empowered to receive representations from employers' and workers' organizations if they consider that a Member State is not complying with ILO treaties to which it is a party. This gives non-state actors an important role in monitoring international labour standards (18).
The growth in the importance of nongovernmental organizations in global health between 1851 and 1951 can be demonstrated by comparing the treaties establishing the Office International de l'Hygiène Publique and WHO. The 1907 treaty creating the Office International de l'Hygiène Publique contains no mention of nongovernmental organizations or of the possibility that it could collaborate with them (27). On the other hand, WHO's constitution provides that it can consult and cooperate with nongovernmental organizations (28). While not as robust as the ILO constitution in respect of the use of non-state actors, WHO's constitution recognizes the importance of publicprivate partnerships between international health organizations and nongovernmental organizations.
Effectiveness of global health governance regimes, 18511951
In general, the development of international legal regimes on matters of public health has been impressive. However, the mere enumeration of treaties does not give any indication of their influence on public health. Indeed, the treaties might even be seen as rearguard actions against advancing health risks generated by modernizing technologies and the processes of globalization.
Domestic sanitary and public health reforms were more significant than treaties in reducing morbidity and mortality attributable to infectious diseases in many Western countries during the first half of the 20th century (29). Doubts about the treaties were raised as early as 1894 by Koch, who criticized those targeting cholera as superfluous because the proper policy was for every country "to seize cholera by the throat and stamp it out" (7). In 1947 the US Department of State argued that many states were bound only by obsolete conventions or by no treaties at all (30). Experts believed that states were slow to adapt treaty regimes to changes in scientific knowledge and patterns of international trade (30, 31). The treaties were also not considered important in connection with public health law generally (32). Furthermore, the existence of multiple international health organizations complicated their efforts on infectious diseases and other issues (33).
Questions abound in connection with the international legal regimes established to deal with traffic in narcotic drugs and alcohol. Brewley-Taylor observed that "European nations were unwilling to surrender national sovereignty over domestic drug control or relinquish profitable opium monopolies in their colonies until the League [of Nations] was effectively dead" (12). While missionaries claimed that the 1890 treaty regulating alcohol sales in Africa "was to a good degree effective in the Congo region" (14), it is not clear whether this regime protected Africans from alcohol and the adverse consequences of its abuse. The USA initiated most of the bilateral treaties on illicit alcohol trade after its own unsuccessful prohibition of alcohol consumption in 1919. International legal analysis of the liquor treaties in the 1920s focused not on public health but on whether their enforcement conformed to the international law of the sea (34).
The efforts of ILO to improve standards for occupational safety and health were undermined by friction associated with its treaty-making, by the failure of ILO Member States to ratify or comply with treaties, and by the world economic depression (35). Industrial development continued to increase air and river pollution. The later treaties in this period relating to international rivers in Europe clearly showed increased tolerance of pollution as industrial demands on river resources continued to grow (19). In connection with transboundary air pollution, the precedent of the Trail Smelter Arbitration remained unique, indicating that such pollution became routine as industrialization spread around the world.
Conclusion: lessons for the contemporary globalization of public health
In the first 100 years of international health diplomacy, global health governance across a range of public health issues was attempted by states, international health organizations, and non-state actors An enormous body of international law on public health, now largely forgotten, was created. The following characteristics marked this period of global health governance: 1) a tendency for health risks to become global because of the growth in international commerce; 2) a need for states to cooperate through international law in order to confront global threats to health; 3) the involvement of nongovernmental organizations and multinational corporations; and 4) mixed results achieved by international legal regimes.
In contemporary discourse about the globalization of public health, experts emphasize the global nature of public health threats, e.g. those associated with pathogenic microbes and the trade in tobacco products. Similarly, calls for international cooperation and legal action against global health risks abound. WHO is revising the International Health Regulations (36) and leading the negotiation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (37). Experts have called for international agreements on alcohol control (38), the rights of the mentally ill (39), the funding of global vaccine supplies (40), pandemic influenza vaccine supplies (41), and the improvement of access to essential drugs and vaccines (42). Increased prominence is being given to international law in the field of public health (31, 43, 44). Experts stress the importance of participation by non-state actors in matters of global public health (45). In terms of global health governance, history appears to be repeating itself .
However, the 18511951 period teaches us to be realistic about what states, international health organizations, and non-state actors can accomplish using international law as a means of dealing with global health problems. Earlier experience in the construction and revision of international legal regimes relating to public health serves as a warning in connection with WHO's efforts to revise the International Health Regulations and create the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. WHO Member States rejected innovative changes to the International Health Regulations proposed in 1998, e.g. those relating to syndromic reporting and the establishment of a committee of arbitration to deal with violations of the rules (46). What form the revised International Health Regulations will take remains unclear. The content of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control has yet to be agreed among states (47). The history of efforts to achieve international control of narcotic drugs and alcohol suggests that an effective treaty on tobacco control will be difficult to achieve.
The 18511951 period of global health governance exhibits the same paradox as has been identified by the contemporary analysis of the globalization of public health: globalization jeopardizes disease control nationally by eroding sovereignty, while the assertion of national sovereignty can frustrate disease control internationally (48). The first 100 years of international health diplomacy proved how vulnerable global health governance was to the machinations of states and the volatile dynamics of international politics. Economic and technological interconnectedness in the period caused public health risks to become global more effectively than they fostered international cooperation to control them. Furthermore, the behaviour of the great powers undermined global health governance. Imperialism, two world wars, and a global economic depression weakened international cooperation on public health. The efforts of Western states to regulate the Asian opium trade and the trafficking of liquor to Africa seem hypocritical when one considers the exploitation of Asians and Africans at the hands of these countries.
Current concerns about global health threats from infectious diseases, narcotic drugs, alcohol, tobacco, labour standards, and environmental pollution suggest that global health governance still lags behind the ability of human societies to create and spread disease. The revision of the International Health Regulations and the work on the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control mirror the pattern seen in the 18511951 period. Efforts in global health governance are belated reactions to developing and established epidemics, reducing the prospects for successful international cooperation. Just as Great Britain forced China to accept the opium trade in the 19th century, the USA and other great powers spread the tobacco pandemic through their efforts to break into the markets of developing countries with cigarette imports. The myopic approach of the great powers has also been evident in the controversies surrounding access to essential drugs and medicines, e.g. HIV/ AIDS therapies, in the developing world. Contemporary global health governance is vulnerable to the machinations of the great powers and the resentments of those who remain alienated by international politics.
Global health governance in the 21st century faces problems not seen in the first 100 years of international health diplomacy, e.g. those relating to genetic engineering and access to essential drugs. New technologies, such as the Internet, provide non- state actors with more powerful resources with which to influence the direction of global health governance. For these and other reasons, looking backwards can offer lessons of only limited value. States, international health organizations, and non-state actors confront such 21st-century challenges with tools of global health governance that have remained largely unchanged since the 19th and early 20th cen- turies. This suggests that, in the final analysis, the tools are unlikely to bring about the differences that are needed. These are more likely to be achieved if states internalize public health effectively as an interest and value. Towards the end of the 1851 1951 period, the WHO constitution envisioned health as a fundamental human right. This is a far cry from the scientifically ignorant, selfish national fears that drove public health on to the diplomatic agenda in the mid-19th century. Contemporary angst about global public health reveals that WHO's vision remains unfulfilled after more than 50 years of the organization's existence. Today, it is vital that human societies should move closer to fulfilling this vision instead of remaining trapped in the patterns established between 1851 and 1951.
Conflicts of interest: none declared.
La mondialisation de la santé publique : les cent premières années de la diplomatie sanitaire internationale
Ce sont les menaces qui pesaient sur la santé publique dans le monde au XIXe siècle qui ont suscité l'apparition d'une diplomatie sanitaire internationale. De nombreux régimes internationaux applicables à la santé publique ont été instaurés entre le milieu du XIXe et le milieu du XXe siècle. Le présent article analyse les risques mondiaux dans ce domaine et l'ensemble de dispositions légales mises en place pour y faire face au niveau international entre 1851 et 1951, ainsi que les éléments de la diplomatie sanitaire internationale dont pourraient s'inspirer les efforts déployés actuellement face à la mondialisation de la santé publique.
Globalización de la salud pública: los primeros 100 años de la diplomacia sanitaria internacional
Las amenazas mundiales que se cernieron sobre la salud pública en el siglo XIX dispararon el desarrollo de la diplomacia sanitaria internacional. Numerosas pautas internacionales sobre cuestiones de salud pública se establecieron entre mediados del siglo XIX y mediados del siglo XX. En el presente artículo se analizan los riesgos mundiales en este campo y las respuestas jurídicas internacionales articuladas contra ellos entre 1851 y 1951, y se examinan las lecciones de la diplomacia sanitaria internacional que más interés revisten para los esfuerzos actualmente desplegados a fin de abordar la globalización de la salud pública.
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▲Professor, Indiana University School of Law, 211 South Indiana Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA (email: firstname.lastname@example.com).
aStates also created the Organisation International des Epizooties in 1924 to deal with the international transmission of animal diseases, and the International Convention for the Protection of Plants (1929) and the International Plant Protection Convention (1951) to focus on transnational aspects of plant life and health.
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Original CD-i prototype of Jack Sprite vs. The Crimson Ghost
>> Friday, January 4, 2008
I never thought the original CD-i prototypes of Oldergames would appear on ebay after Bivins sold them to Gamgator in 2004. This is exactly the same appearance as my Microcosm CD-i prototype, so if I were smart I should make a 'release' of it just like Jack Sprite. I'll always have a mixed feeling about these CD-i prototype releases of Oldergames, but these pictures are a very nice memory of the originals. True point, without Oldergames I would probably have never heard of Jack Sprite anyway as this game by PF Magic (who also brought us Max Magic on CD-i) was never advertised or previewed anywhere as far as I know. Another lost CD-i prototype, so far the only copy in the world. Collecting CD-i has never been so exclusive before. Gamgator: "JACK SPRITE vs THE CRIMSON GHOST, Prototype from Philips Interactive Media, for the PHILIPS CDi Game System. *** Letter of Authenticity signed by R.W. Bivins, 8/21/2004 from the oldergames Development / Publishing team! ***"
Jack Sprite versus the Crimson Ghost is a very unique blend of videogaming combining old black-and-white film clips with different kind of minigames including 2D fighting games and racing games like Micro Machines. The movie "The Crimson Ghost" was a detective movie from around 1950 about a terrifying villager with a ghostly mask in the shape of a skull.
Most sequences of the movie were about simple old-style fistfighting which was obviously an inspiration for the game elements in Jack Sprite. In this game you play the role of Jack Sprite, a colourful computer animated geek who is made in sharp contrast against the old black and white movie about the Crimson Ghost. Jack Sprite is controlling a computer desk which plays video clips of the movie, seperated in seven locations.
Places you'll visit straight out of the movie are the warehouse, the office and the hotel. Jack Sprite tells you about the story of the movie and his favourite parts. At certain moments he'll ask you if he can jump in the screen by pressing a button. If you do so, Jack Sprite will transfer from behind the desk into the movie setting, making it all colourful and playable as a game.