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Art is the process or product of deliberately arranging elements in a way to affect the senses or emotions. It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations, and modes of expression, including music, literature, film, sculpture, and paintings. The meaning of art is explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics.
The definition and evaluation of art has become especially problematic since the early 20th century. Richard Wollheim distinguishes three approaches: the Realist, whereby aesthetic quality is an absolute value independent of any human view; the Objectivist, whereby it is also an absolute value, but is dependent on general human experience; and the Relativist position, whereby it is not an absolute value, but depends on, and varies with, the human experience of different humans.[1] An object may be characterized by the intentions, or lack thereof, of its creator, regardless of its apparent purpose. A cup, which ostensibly can be used as a container, may be considered art if intended solely as an ornament, while a painting may be deemed craft if mass-produced.
Traditionally, the term art was used to refer to any skill or mastery. This conception changed during the Romantic period, when art came to be seen as "a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and science".[2] Generally, art is made with the intention of stimulating thoughts and emotions.
The nature of art has been described by Richard Wollheim as "one of the most elusive of the traditional problems of human culture".[3] It has been defined as a vehicle for the expression or communication of emotions and ideas, a means for exploring and appreciating formal elements for their own sake, and as mimesis or representation.[4] Leo Tolstoy identified art as a use of indirect means to communicate from one person to another.[4] Benedetto Croce and R.G. Collingwood advanced the idealist view that art expresses emotions, and that the work of art therefore essentially exists in the mind of the creator.[5][6] The theory of art as form has its roots in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and was developed in the early twentieth century by Roger Fry and Clive Bell.[4] Art as mimesis or representation has deep roots in the philosophy of Aristotle.[4] More recently, thinkers influenced by Martin Heidegger have interpreted art as the means by which a community develops for itself a medium for self-expression and interpretation.[7]
Britannica Online defines art as "the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others." By this definition of the word, artistic works have existed for almost as long as humankind: from early pre-historic art to contemporary art; however, some theories restrict the concept to modern Western societies.[8] Adorno said in 1970, "It is now taken for granted that nothing which concerns art can be taken for granted any more: neither art itself, nor art in relationship to the whole, nor even the right of art to exist."[9] The first and broadest sense of art is the one that has remained closest to the older Latin meaning, which roughly translates to "skill" or "craft." A few examples where this meaning proves very broad include artifact, artificial, artifice, medical arts, and military arts. However, there are many other colloquial uses of the word, all with some relation to its etymology.
The second and more recent sense of the word art is as an abbreviation for creative art or fine art. Fine art means that a skill is being used to express the artist's creativity, or to engage the audience's aesthetic sensibilities, or to draw the audience towards consideration of the finer things. Often, if the skill is being used in a common or practical way, people will consider it a craft instead of art. Likewise, if the skill is being used in a commercial or industrial way, it will be considered Commercial art instead of fine art. On the other hand, crafts and design are sometimes considered applied art. Some art followers have argued that the difference between fine art and applied art has more to do with value judgments made about the art than any clear definitional difference.[10] However, even fine art often has goals beyond pure creativity and self-expression. The purpose of works of art may be to communicate ideas, such as in politically-, spiritually-, or philosophically-motivated art; to create a sense of beauty (see aesthetics); to explore the nature of perception; for pleasure; or to generate strong emotions. The purpose may also be seemingly nonexistent.
Art can describe several things: a study of creative skill, a process of using the creative skill, a product of the creative skill, or the audience's experience with the creative skill. The creative arts (art as discipline) are a collection of disciplines (arts) that produce artworks (art as objects) that are compelled by a personal drive (art as activity) and echo or reflect a message, mood, or symbolism for the viewer to interpret (art as experience). Artworks can be defined by purposeful, creative interpretations of limitless concepts or ideas in order to communicate something to another person. Artworks can be explicitly made for this purpose or interpreted based on images or objects. Art is something that stimulates an individual's thoughts, emotions, beliefs, or ideas through the senses. It is also an expression of an idea and it can take many different forms and serve many different purposes. Although the application of scientific knowledge to derive a new scientific theory involves skill and results in the "creation" of something new, this represents science only and is not categorized as art.
Sculptures, cave paintings, rock paintings, and petroglyphs from the Upper Paleolithic dating to roughly 40,000 years ago have been found, but the precise meaning of such art is often disputed because so little is known about the cultures that produced them. The oldest art objects in the world—a series of tiny, drilled snail shells about 75,000 years old—were discovered in a South African cave.[11]
Many great traditions in art have a foundation in the art of one of the great ancient civilizations: Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, India, China, Ancient Greece, Rome, as well as Inca, Maya, and Olmec. Each of these centers of early civilization developed a unique and characteristic style in their art. Because of the size and duration these civilizations, more of their art works have survived and more of their influence has been transmitted to other cultures and later times. Some also have provided the first records of how artists worked. For example, this period of Greek art saw a veneration of the human physical form and the development of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, beauty, and anatomically correct proportions.
In Byzantine and Medieval art of the Western Middle Ages, much art focused on the expression of Biblical and not material truths, and used styles which showed the higher unseen glory of a heavenly world, such as the use of gold in the background of paintings, or glass in mosaics or windows, which also presented figures in idealized, patterned (flat) forms. Nevertheless a classical realist tradition persisted in small Byzantine works, and realism steadily grew in the art of Catholic Europe.
Renaissance art had a greatly increased emphasis on the realistic depiction of the material world, and the place of humans in it, reflected in the corporeality of the human body, and development of a systematic method of graphical perspective to depict recession in a three dimensional picture space.
In the east, Islamic art's rejection of iconography led to emphasis on geometric patterns, calligraphy, and architecture. Further east, religion dominated artistic styles and forms too. India and Tibet saw emphasis on painted sculptures and dance with religious painting borrowing many conventions from sculpture and tending to bright contrasting colors with emphasis on outlines. China saw many art forms flourish, jade carving, bronzework, pottery (including the stunning terracotta army of Emperor Qin), poetry, calligraphy, music, painting, drama, fiction, etc. Chinese styles vary greatly from era to era and are traditionally named after the ruling dynasty. So, for example, Tang Dynasty paintings are monochromatic and sparse, emphasizing idealized landscapes, but Ming Dynasty paintings are busy, colorful, and focus on telling stories via setting and composition. Japan names its styles after imperial dynasties too, and also saw much interplay between the styles of calligraphy and painting. Woodblock printing became important in Japan after the 17th century.
The western Age of Enlightenment in the 18th century saw artistic depictions of physical and rational certainties of the clockwork universe, as well as politically revolutionary visions of a post-monarchist world, such as Blake's portrayal of Newton as a divine geometer, or David's propagandistic paintings. This led to Romantic rejections of this in favor of pictures of the emotional side and individuality of humans, exemplified in the novels of Goethe. The late 19th century then saw a host of artistic movements, such as academic art, Symbolism, impressionism and fauvism among others.
The history of twentieth century art is a narrative of endless possibilities and the search for new standards, each being torn down in succession by the next. Thus the parameters of Impressionism, Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism, etc cannot be maintained very much beyond the time of their invention. Increasing global interaction during this time saw an equivalent influence of other cultures into Western art, such as Pablo Picasso being influenced by African sculpture. Japanese woodblock prints (which had themselves been influenced by Western Renaissance draftsmanship) had an immense influence on Impressionism and subsequent development. Later, African sculptures were taken up by Picasso and to some extent by Matisse. Similarly, the west has had huge impacts on Eastern art in 19th and 20th century, with originally western ideas like Communism and Post-Modernism exerting powerful influence on artistic styles.
Modernism, the idealistic search for truth, gave way in the latter half of the 20th century to a realization of its unattainability. Relativism was accepted as an unavoidable truth, which led to the period of contemporary art and postmodern criticism, where cultures of the world and of history are seen as changing forms, which can be appreciated and drawn from only with irony. Furthermore the separation of cultures is increasingly blurred and some argue it is now more appropriate to think in terms of a global culture, rather than regional cultures.
Art tends to facilitate intuitive rather than rational understanding, and is usually consciously created with this intention.[citation needed] Fine art intentionally serves no other purpose. As a result of this impetus, works of art are elusive, refractive to attempts at classification, because they can be appreciated in more than one way, and are often susceptible to many different interpretations. In the case of Géricault's Raft of the Medusa, special knowledge concerning the shipwreck that the painting depicts is not a prerequisite to appreciating it, but allows the appreciation of Géricault's political intentions in the piece. Even art that superficially depicts a mundane event or object, may invite reflection upon elevated themes.
Traditionally, the highest achievements of art demonstrate a high level of ability or fluency within a medium. This characteristic might be considered a point of contention, since many modern artists (most notably, conceptual artists) do not themselves create the works they conceive, or do not even create the work in a conventional, demonstrative sense. Art has a transformative capacity: confers particularly appealing or aesthetically satisfying structures or forms upon an original set of unrelated, passive constituents.
The creative arts are often divided into more specific categories that are related to their technique, or medium, such as decorative arts, plastic arts, performing arts, or literature. Unlike scientific fields, art is one of the few subjects that is academically organized according to technique [1]. An artistic medium is the substance or material the artistic work is made from, and may also refers to the technique used. For example, paint is the medium used in painting, paper is a medium used in drawing.
An art form is the specific shape, or quality an artistic expression takes. The media used often influences the form. For example, the form of a sculpture must exist in space in three-dimensions, and respond to gravity. The constraints and limitations of a particular medium are thus called its formal qualities. To give another example, the formal qualities of painting are the canvas texture, color, and brush texture. The formal qualities of video games are non-linearity, interactivity and virtual presence. The form of a particular work of art is determined by both the formal qualities of the media, and the intentions of the artist.
A genre is a set of conventions and styles within a particular media. For instance, well recognized genres in film are western, horror and romantic comedy. Genres in music include death metal and trip hop. Genres in painting include still life, and pastoral landscape. A particular work of art may bend or combine genres but each genre has a recognizable group of conventions, clichés and tropes. (One note: the word genre has a second older meaning within painting; genre painting was a phrase used in the 17th to 19th century to refer specifically to paintings of scenes of everyday life and can still be used in this way.)
An artwork, artist's, or movement's style is the distinctive method and form that art takes. Any loose brushy, dripped or poured abstract painting is called expressionistic. Often these styles are linked with a particular historical period, set of ideas, and particular artistic movement. So Jackson Pollock is called an Abstract Expressionist.
Because a particular style may have a specific cultural meanings, it is important to be sensitive to differences in technique. Roy Lichtenstein's (1923–1997) paintings are not pointillist, despite his uses of dots, because they are not aligned with the original proponents of Pointillism. Lichtenstein used Ben-Day dots: they are evenly-spaced and create flat areas of color. These types of dots, used in halftone printing, were originally used in comic strips and newspapers to reproduce color. Lichtenstein thus uses the dots as a style to question the "high" art of painting with the "low" art of comics - to comment on class distinctions in culture. Lichtenstein is thus associated with the American Pop art movement (1960s). Pointillism is a technique in late Impressionism (1880s), developed especially by the artist Georges Seurat, that employs dots that are spaced in a way to create variation in color and depth in an attempt to paint images that were closer to the way people really see color. Both artists use dots, but the particular style and technique relates to the artistic movement these artists were a part of.
These are all ways of beginning to define a work of art, to narrow it down. "Imagine you are an art critic whose mission is to compare the meanings you find in a wide range of individual artworks. How would you proceed with your task? One way to begin is to examine the materials each artist selected in making an object, image video, or event. The decision to cast a sculpture in bronze, for instance, inevitably effects its meaning; the work becomes something different than if it had been cast in gold or plastic or chocolate, even if everything else about the artwork remained the same. Next, you might examine how the materials in each artwork have become an arrangement of shapes, colors, textures, and lines. These, in turn, are organized into various patterns and compositional structures. In your interpretation, you would comment on how salient features of the form contribute to the overall meaning of the finished artwork. [But in the end] the meaning of most artworks... is not exhausted by a discussion of materials, techniques, and form. Most interpretations also include a discussion of the ideas and feelings the artwork engenders."[12]
Art can connote a sense of trained ability or mastery of a medium. Art can also simply refer to the developed and efficient use of a language to convey meaning with immediacy and or depth. Art is an act of expressing feelings, thoughts, and observations. There is an understanding that is reached with the material as a result of handling it, which facilitates one's thought processes.
A common view is that the epithet "art", particular in its elevated sense, requires a certain level of creative expertise by the artist, whether this be a demonstration of technical ability or an originality in stylistic approach such as in the plays of Shakespeare, or a combination of these two. Traditionally skill of execution was viewed as a quality inseparable from art and thus necessary for its success; for Leonardo da Vinci, art, neither more nor less than his other endeavors, was a manifestation of skill. Rembrandt's work, now praised for its ephemeral virtues, was most admired by his contemporaries for its virtuosity. At the turn of the 20th century, the adroit performances of John Singer Sargent were alternately admired and viewed with skepticism for their manual fluency, yet at nearly the same time the artist who would become the era's most recognized and peripatetic iconoclast, Pablo Picasso, was completing a traditional academic training at which he excelled.
A common contemporary criticism of some modern art occurs along the lines of objecting to the apparent lack of skill or ability required in the production of the artistic object. In conceptual art, Marcel Duchamp's "Fountain" is among the first examples of pieces wherein the artist used found objects ("ready-made") and exercised no traditionally recognised set of skills. Tracey Emin's My Bed, or Damien Hirst's The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living follow this example and also manipulate the mass media. Emin slept (and engaged in other activities) in her bed before placing the result in a gallery as work of art. Hirst came up with the conceptual design for the artwork but has left most of the eventual creation of many works to employed artisans. Hirst's celebrity is founded entirely on his ability to produce shocking concepts. The actual production in many conceptual and contemporary works of art is a matter of assembly of found objects. However there are many modernist and contemporary artists who continue to excel in the skills of drawing and painting and in creating hands on works of art.
Somewhat in relation to the above, the word art is also used to apply judgments of value, as in such expressions like "that meal was a work of art" (the cook is an artist), or "the art of deception", (the highly attained level of skill of the deceiver is praised). It is this use of the word as a measure of high quality and high value that gives the term its flavor of subjectivity.
Making judgments of value requires a basis for criticism. At the simplest level, a way to determine whether the impact of the object on the senses meets the criteria to be considered art is whether it is perceived to be attractive or repulsive. Though perception is always colored by experience, and is necessarily subjective, it is commonly taken that - that which is not aesthetically satisfying in some fashion cannot be art. However, "good" art is not always or even regularly aesthetically appealing to a majority of viewers. In other words, an artist's prime motivation need not be the pursuit of the aesthetic. Also, art often depicts terrible images made for social, moral, or thought-provoking reasons. For example, Francisco Goya's painting depicting the Spanish shootings of 3rd of May 1808 is a graphic depiction of a firing squad executing several pleading civilians. Yet at the same time, the horrific imagery demonstrates Goya's keen artistic ability in composition and execution and produces fitting social and political outrage. Thus, the debate continues as to what mode of aesthetic satisfaction, if any, is required to define 'art'.
The assumption of new values or the rebellion against accepted notions of what is aesthetically superior need not occur concurrently with a complete abandonment of the pursuit of that which is aesthetically appealing. Indeed, the reverse is often true, that the revision of what is popularly conceived of as being aesthetically appealing allows for a re-invigoration of aesthetic sensibility, and a new appreciation for the standards of art itself. Countless schools have proposed their own ways to define quality, yet they all seem to agree in at least one point: once their aesthetic choices are accepted, the value of the work of art is determined by its capacity to transcend the limits of its chosen medium in order to strike some universal chord by the rarity of the skill of the artist or in its accurate reflection in what is termed the zeitgeist.
Art is often intended to appeal and connect with human emotion. It can arouse aesthetic or moral feelings, and can be understood as a way of communicating these feelings. Artists express something so that their audience is aroused to some extent, but they do not have to do so consciously. Art explores what is commonly termed as the human condition; that is, essentially what it is to be human. Effective art often brings about some new insight concerning the human condition either singly or en-mass, which is not necessarily always positive, or necessarily widens the boundaries of collective human ability. The degree of skill that the artist has, will affect their ability to trigger an emotional response and thereby provide new insights, the ability to manipulate them at will shows exemplary skill and determination.
Art has had a great number of different functions throughout its history, making its purpose difficult to abstract or quantify to any single concept. This does not imply that the purpose of Art is "vague", but that it has had many unique, different, reasons for being created. Some of these functions of Art are provided in the following outline. The different purposes of art may be grouped according to those which are non-motivated, and those which are motivated (Levi-Strauss).
The non-motivated purposes of art are those which are integral to being human, transcend the individual, or do not fulfill a specific external purpose. Aristotle has said, "Imitation, then, is one instinct of our nature." [13] In this sense, Art, as creativity, is something which humans must do by their very nature (i.e. no other species creates art), and is therefore beyond utility.
"Imitation, then, is one instinct of our nature. Next, there is the instinct for 'harmony' and rhythm, meters being manifestly sections of rhythm. Persons, therefore, starting with this natural gift developed by degrees their special aptitudes, till their rude improvisations gave birth to Poetry." -Aristotle [14]
"The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and science." -Albert Einstein [15]
"Jupiter's eagle [as an example of art] is not, like logical (aesthetic) attributes of an object, the concept of the sublimity and majesty of creation, but rather something else - something that gives the imagination an incentive to spread its flight over a whole host of kindred representations that provoke more thought than admits of expression in a concept determined by words. They furnish an aesthetic idea, which serves the above rational idea as a substitute for logical presentation, but with the proper function, however, of animating the mind by opening out for it a prospect into a field of kindred representations stretching beyond its ken." -Immanuel Kant[16]
"Most scholars who deal with rock paintings or objects recovered from prehistoric contexts that cannot be explained in utilitarian terms and are thus categorized as decorative, ritual or symbolic, are aware of the trap posed by the term 'art'." -Silva Tomaskova[17]
The purposes of art which are motivated refer to intentional, conscious actions on the part of the artists or creator. These may be to bring about political change, to comment on an aspect of society, to convey a specific emotion or mood, to address personal psychology, to illustrate another discipline, to (with commercial arts) to sell a product, or simply as a form of communication.
"[Art is a set of] artefacts or images with symbolic meanings as a means of communication." -Steve Mithen[18]
"By contrast, the realistic attitude, inspired by positivism, from Saint Thomas Aquinas to Anatole France, clearly seems to me to be hostile to any intellectual or moral advancement. I loathe it, for it is made up of mediocrity, hate, and dull conceit. It is this attitude which today gives birth to these ridiculous books, these insulting plays. It constantly feeds on and derives strength from the newspapers and stultifies both science and art by assiduously flattering the lowest of tastes; clarity bordering on stupidity, a dog's life." -André Breton (Surrealism)[19]
The functions of art described above are not mutually exclusive, as many of them may overlap. For example, art for the purpose of entertainment may also seek to sell a product, i.e. the movie or video game.
Théodore Géricault's Raft of the Medusa' (c. 1820), was a social commentary on a current event, unprecedented at the time. Édouard Manet's "Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe" (1863), was considered scandalous not because of the nude woman, but because she is seated next to men fully dressed in the clothing of the time, rather than in robes of the antique world. John Singer Sargent's "Madame Pierre Gautreau (Madam X)" (1884), caused a huge uproar over the reddish pink used to color the woman's ear lobe, considered far too suggestive and supposedly ruining the high-society model's reputation.
In the twentieth century, Pablo Picasso's Guernica (1937) used arresting cubist techniques and stark monochromatic oils, to depict the harrowing consequences of a contemporary bombing of a small, ancient Basque town. Leon Golub's Interrogation III (1981), depicts a female nude, hooded detainee strapped to a chair, her legs open to reveal her sexual organs, surrounded by two tormentors dressed in everyday clothing. Andres Serrano's Piss Christ (1989) is a photograph of a crucifix, sacred to the Christian religion and representing Christ's sacrifice and final suffering, submerged in a glass of the artist's own urine. The resulting uproar led to comments in the United States Senate about public funding of the arts.
In the nineteenth century, artists were primarily concerned with ideas of truth and beauty. The aesthetic theorist John Ruskin, who championed what he saw as the naturalism of J. M. W. Turner, saw art's role as the communication by artifice of an essential truth that could only be found in nature.[21]
The definition and evaluation of art has become especially problematic since the 20th century. Richard Wollheim distinguishes three approaches: the Realist, whereby aesthetic quality is an absolute value independent of any human view; the Objectivist, whereby it is also an absolute value, but is dependent on general human experience; and the Relativist position, whereby it is not an absolute value, but depends on, and varies with, the human experience of different humans.[22]
The arrival of Modernism in the late nineteenth century lead to a radical break in the conception of the function of art,[23] and then again in the late twentieth century with the advent of postmodernism. Clement Greenberg's 1960 article "Modernist Painting" defines modern art as "the use of characteristic methods of a discipline to criticize the discipline itself".[24] Greenberg originally applied this idea to the Abstract Expressionist movement and used it as a way to understand and justify flat (non-illusionistic) abstract painting:
Realistic, naturalistic art had dissembled the medium, using art to conceal art; modernism used art to call attention to art. The limitations that constitute the medium of
painting – the flat surface, the shape of the support, the properties of the pigment — were treated by the Old Masters as negative factors that could be acknowledged only implicitly or indirectly. Under Modernism these same limitations came to be regarded as positive factors, and were acknowledged openly.[24]
After Greenberg, several important art theorists emerged, such as Michael Fried, T. J. Clark, Rosalind Krauss, Linda Nochlin and Griselda Pollock among others. Though only originally intended as a way of understanding a specific set of artists, Greenberg's definition of modern art is important to many of the ideas of art within the various art movements of the 20th century and early 21st century.
Pop artists like Andy Warhol became both noteworthy and influential through work including and possibly critiquing popular culture, as well as the art world. Artists of the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s expanded this technique of self-criticism beyond high art to all cultural image-making, including fashion images, comics, billboards and pornography.
Disputes as to whether or not to classify something as a work of art are referred to as classificatory disputes about art.
Classificatory disputes in the 20th century have included cubist and impressionist paintings, Duchamp's Fountain, the movies, superlative imitations of banknotes, Conceptual art, and Video games.[25]
Philosopher David Novitz has argued that disagreement about the definition of art are rarely the heart of the problem. Rather, "the passionate concerns and interests that humans vest in their social life" are "so much a part of all classificatory disputes about art" (Novitz, 1996). According to Novitz, classificatory disputes are more often disputes about societal values and where society is trying to go than they are about theory proper. For example, when the Daily Mail criticized Hirst's and Emin's work by arguing "For 1,000 years art has been one of our great civilising forces. Today, pickled sheep and soiled beds threaten to make barbarians of us all" they are not advancing a definition or theory about art, but questioning the value of Hirst's and Emin's work.[26] In 1998, Arthur Danto, suggested a thought experiment showing that "the status of an artifact as work of art results from the ideas a culture applies to it, rather than its inherent physical or perceptible qualities. Cultural interpretation (an art theory of some kind) is therefore constitutive of an object's arthood."[27][28]
Anti-art is a label for art which intentionally challenges the established parameters and values of art;[29] it is term associated with Dadaism and attributed to Marcel Duchamp just before World War I,[29] when he was making art from found objects.[29] One of these, Fountain (1917), an ordinary urinal, has achieved considerable prominence and influence on art.[29] Anti-art is a feature of work by Situationist International,[30] the lo-fi Mail art movement, and the Young British Artists,[29] though it is a form still rejected by the Stuckists,[29] who describe themselves as anti-anti-art.[31][32]
Art has been perceived by some as belonging to some social classes and often excluding others. In this context, art is seen as an upper-class activity associated with wealth, the ability to purchase art, and the leisure required to pursue or enjoy it. For example, the palaces of Versailles or the Hermitage in St. Petersburg with their vast collections of art, amassed by the fabulously wealthy royalty of Europe exemplify this view. Collecting such art is the preserve of the rich, or of governments and institutions.
Fine and expensive goods have been popular markers of status in many cultures, and they continue to be so today. There has been a cultural push in the other direction since at least 1793, when the Louvre, which had been a private palace of the Kings of France, was opened to the public as an art museum during the French Revolution. Most modern public museums and art education programs for children in schools can be traced back to this impulse to have art available to everyone. Museums in the United States tend to be gifts from the very rich to the masses (The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, for example, was created by John Taylor Johnston, a railroad executive whose personal art collection seeded the museum.) But despite all this, at least one of the important functions of art in the 21st century remains as a marker of wealth and social status.
There have been attempts by artists to create art that can not be bought by the wealthy as a status object. One of the prime original motivators of much of the art of the late 1960s and 1970s was to create art that could not be bought and sold. It is "necessary to present something more than mere objects"[33] said the major post war German artist Joseph Beuys. This time period saw the rise of such things as performance art, video art, and conceptual art. The idea was that if the artwork was a performance that would leave nothing behind, or was simply an idea, it could not be bought and sold. "Democratic precepts revolving around the idea that a work of art is a commodity impelled the aesthetic innovation which germinated in the mid-1960s and was reaped throughout the 1970s. Artists broadly identified under the heading of Conceptual art... substituting performance and publishing activities for engagement with both the material and materialistic concerns of painted or sculptural form... [have] endeavored to undermine the art object qua object."[34]
In the decades since, these ideas have been somewhat lost as the art market has learned to sell limited edition DVDs of video works,[35] invitations to exclusive performance art pieces, and the objects left over from conceptual pieces. Many of these performances create works that are only understood by the elite who have been educated as to why an idea or video or piece of apparent garbage may be considered art. The marker of status becomes understanding the work instead of necessarily owning it, and the artwork remains an upper-class activity. "With the widespread use of DVD recording technology in the early 2000s, artists, and the gallery system that derives its profits from the sale of artworks, gained an important means of controlling the sale of video and computer artworks in limited editions to collectors."[36]


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About this Quilt
Rebecca's Charm: FREE Gorgeous Medallion Lap Quilt Pattern
Lovely floral appliqués added to simple piecing create this stunning Rebecca's Charm medallion lap quilt design. Choose to make the bed quilt fully patterned in the McCall's Quilting issue shown below, or click link below for a FREE pattern for a lap-size version.
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Bed quilt: 91˝ x 103˝
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Kit for lap size (60½˝ x 72½˝) is $106.95 ppd. (PA, $112.69 ppd). Backing and selected machine quilting designs available. For prices call or visit Jan's website.
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21 Jump Street was not just one of the most critically-acclaimed comedies of 2012, but a true hit at the box office. Made for only $42 million, the film was able to bank over $100 million at the US box office, and worldwide totaled over $200 million. Given the massive success and the set-up at the end of the movie - suggesting that the young-looking undercover cop characters played by Jonah Hill and Channing Tatum would be graduating to college - it was a no-brainer that a sequel would get the greenlight. But now we know when we will actually be seeing it.
Sony Pictures held their presentation at CinemaCon this evening and after showing off a reel of all their 2013 films, they listed off all of their confirmed titles for 2014...which included 21 Jump Street 2. There was no mention of an official release date, or who among the cast would be coming back for part two, both Tatum and Hill have been confirmed to return. It's worth noting that directors Phil Lord and Chris Miller are currently working on The Lego Movie, so it's possible that they will be too busy to return and helm the sequel.
I personally couldn't be more happy about this news. 21 Jump Street was one of my favorite movies of last year, and if they can capture that same kind of magic in a sequel I will be elated. But what do you all think? Are you excited that they're making a sequel or do you wish they would just leave it be? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below!
For more of our CinemaCon 2013 coverage head over HERE!


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March 6, 2013
Alex explains why Hugo Chavez's Communist regime was bad news for Venezuelans.
Pick up Georgetown professor Carroll Quigley's book Tragedy & Hope for the ultimate insider admission of a secret global elite and one of the most revealing looks into their goals and methodology. 1,348 pages of raw information.
Related: Hugo Chavez may be dead, but the great cancer of socialism continues to spread – http://www.naturalnews.com/039362_Hugo_Chavez_cancer_socialism.html


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This forum gives you a platform to clear your doubts and partake in discussions on seminar topics.
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i need latest seminar topics to related computer science project.
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I am looking for the BE ECE Seminar Topics 2013, Please anyone give me list of Seminar Topics for BE ECE.
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WWIII Is Coming Soon & Here's Why!?
"We are on a road that leads straight to the World War 3, but in order to see that and to fully understand what is at stake you have to look at the big picture and connect the dots. This video examines the history of the dollar, its relation to oil, and the real motives behind the wars of the past two decades." - The Road To WW3
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text: Nectar Sleep – nectar sleep contact number Posted by admin | Apr 18, 2018 | 0 | Nectar Sleep: Nectar is a top quality, a plush mattress that offers a variety of features and benefits, that will satisfy even the most demanding home consumer. What separates Nectar from the sea of other mattress manufacturers selling online now, is its unique firmness level guarantee and its innovative system that keeps you from overheating at night. Nobody likes to wake up, grasping at the sheets to fling them off because you are too hot. This mattress is quickly gaining support and market share because of its competitive price and abundance of great features. Nectar has a one year trial period. Yes – one year – this far exceed several other of the top rated mattresses which typically have a 120 day trial period.To make it even more attractive it has a lifetime guarantee, which again exceeds many competitors 10-year warranty. With these features, no wonder it is quickly becoming the number 1 selling mattress in the crowded market. What Type of Mattress is Nectar? The Nectar mattress is a traditional memory foam mattress, with many design upgrades. Such as their unique cooling system, top quality gel-memory foam, unique airflow and woven fabrics and Tencel infused quilted cover, Nectar far exceeds your thoughts on what a memory foam mattress is. Each of these features provides a deep, restful and therapeutic sleep for many years to come. How Is Firm A Nectar Mattress? On a scale of 1-10 from soft to firm, Nectar comes in at a solid 5. Though other mattress makes may offer several firmness options, the majority of sleepers prefer a medium-firm mattress and that is where Nectar has chosen to perfect its efforts. Whether you are a side, back or stomach sleeper – or all over the place through the night, you will find the medium firm memory foam to provide you a restful, supported sleep. nectar sleep contact number How Many Layers? The Nectar mattress is constructed of 5 layers. The base is a breathable high-density foam, which provides stability and thanks to special design, allows excellent airflow. The fourth layer is a proprietary adaptive foam which is responsible for the outstanding support of the overall system. The third layer is Nectar's patented LushFoam, this is a memory gel foam that evenly distributes the heat and weight of the sleeper. The second layer is a quilted memory gel pad, that aids in the cooling and comfort and adds additional support. The top layer is the protective Tencel Fabric which makes this bed very breathable and bed bug resistant. nectar sleep contact number Absorbs Motion You may wake to wonder if you are sleeping alone. nectar sleep vs puffyThe memory foam is so effective at stopping or transferring motion around the mattress, that if your partner is a restless sleeper, you won't even be aware they are there. How Durable is the Nectar? With the outstanding durability and quality of the Nectar mattress, odds are very good you will never need to call upon the lifetime guarantee. Remember, you have a full 365-day trial, to assure you this is the best mattress you have ever owned. For more information or to purchase, click this link Share: Rate:


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Note: This is the 2013–2014 edition of the eCalendar. Update the year in your browser's URL bar for the most recent version of this page, or click here to jump to the newest eCalendar.
Cognitive Science : Research project supervised by a McGill Faculty member.
Terms: Winter 2014
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2013-2014 academic year.
Prerequisite: COGS 401D1


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Main Content
Good Luck' Have Fun!! xD
Good Luck Have Fun is a time honored wishing of good will and favorable RNG from one competitor to another. GLHF is a way of telling your enemies you wish them nothing but the best, that you can still be friends after your bear Tibbers has burned them alive, or your lantern-staff is lodged deep into their bowels. To ease their troubled souls after a crushing defeat, you can even bid them adieu with a friendly Good Game Well Played. A simple GGWP helps remind them that when they were actually alive during the game, spending money back at shop, observing the landscape of the tri-brush, or charging triumphantly back into the fray, they were played quite well ^.^


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March marks National Nutrition Month and these days it seems like no matter where you are, who you talk to or what you donutrition is everywhere. Whether it be in your latest fitness magazine, a column in the newspaper or on the 6 oclock news, everyone seems to have an opinion.
March marks National Nutrition Month and these days it seems like no matter where you are, who you talk to or what you donutrition is everywhere. Whether it be in your latest fitness magazine, a column in the newspaper or on the 6 oclock news, everyone seems to have an opinion.
We all know maintaining a healthy and balanced diet is essential to our health, but with the wealth of information available, it can often be difficult to sort through what is a good diet for you. The easiest way to tackle the abundance of information is to know the basics.
There are five food groups consisting of vegetables, fruits, grains, dairy and a protein group which includes meat, poultry, fish and nuts. Each of these groups plays a vital role in maintaining your health.
Vegetables - the key when choosing vegetables is COLOR. The compounds that give vegetables their bright color are also responsible for giving them their unique health promoting properties. They are bio-active compounds occurring naturally in foods that provide more than just nutrition. Vegetables can be fresh, frozen, canned or dried and may be eaten whole, cut-up, or mashed. For most adults, 2-3 cups per day is recommended.
Fruits - as with vegetables, color is a key component in choosing fruits. Deep-colored fruits such as berries and grapes are rich in flavonoids, which protect against cardiovascular disease. Fruits are also sources of many essential nutrients that are under consumed, including potassium, dietary fiber, vitamin C, and folic acid. For most adults, 2 cups per day is recommended.
Grains - this group is made up of two types of grains: whole grains and refined grains. Any food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley or another cereal grain is a grain product. This includes our breads and pastas. How the grain is processed determines whether it is a whole grain or refined. A whole grain contains the entire grain kernel; this includes whole wheat flour, oatmeal and brown rice. A refined grain is milled, which means parts of the grain kernel are removed. This improves shelf-life, but also removes dietary fiber, iron and many B vitamins. White flour, white rice and white bread are examples of refined grains. For most adults, 3-4 ounces per day is recommended and half of these should be a whole grain.
Dairy - milk, cheese, yogurt and milk-based desserts are included in this category. It is important to choose fat-free or low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese. Non low-fat choices count against your maximum limit forempty calories, which are calories from solid fats and added sugars. Dairy products are needed to improved bone health, and may reduce the risk of osteoporosis. For most adults, 3 cups per day is recommended.
Protein - meat, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, and seeds are included in this group. These foods are rich in protein, B vitamins, vitamin E, zinc, iron and magnesium. Proteins help support bones, muscles, cartilage, skin, and blood.For most adults, 4-6 ounces per day are recommended.
Recommendations are based on an average adult, and these can vary from person to person. To determine your own daily intake, you may visit www.choosemyplate.gov/myplate/index . Recommendations can also vary on an individuals diet, if you are vegetarian, lactose-intolerant or gluten-free you can find alternative meal plans at http://www.choosemyplate.gov/healthy-eating-tips
For more information on nutrition or healthy eating tips, please contact the Independence Health Department at 816-325-7185.
Information provided by:
www.choosemyplate.gov, www.cdc.gov/nutrition


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Sharon Osbourne got revenge on her husband, rocker Ozzy Osbourne, for drinking and taking drugs behind her back by selling his fleet of sports cars while he was recovering in rehab.
The rock family matriarch was furious when the Black Sabbath star confessed he had fallen off the wagon, and he revealed last year that he had returned to an addiction clinic after resuming his hell-raising lifestyle for 18 months.
The devastating news put a strain on the couple's marriage, but they rebuilt the trust once Ozzy was sober again – and now the veteran star has revealed how Sharon got rid of his beloved cars while he was receiving treatment.
He tells Q magazine, "I don't drive very much, although I have a few cars. I bought myself an Audi R8 and a Ferrari. They went when I started drinking again. I came home and Sharon had got rid of them."


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How to Use
the Readings
Inquiry Question
Reading 1: The Impact of the Civil War on Chatham
For nearly a century before the Civil War split the country apart, Chatham stood quietly on the high ground overlooking Fredericksburg, Virginia. Its lands had gradually been developed into a typical plantation with outbuildings, barns, large fields, livestock, and slaves. James Horace Lacy acquired the property in 1857, and throughout the Civil War the plantation house was known as the Lacy House.
Lacy was a prominent businessman, civic leader, and farmer. His family lived comfortably in their spacious house with its pastoral surroundings. From the green terraces in front of Chatham, the Lacy children could see the prosperous town of Fredericksburg. They watched as boats sailed along the Rappahannock River below their house or as horse-drawn wagons and carriages crossed the nearby bridge onto the busy streets beyond. A nearby wooded ravine led down to the river's edge. Enslaved field laborers worked the nearby grain fields while household slaves carried out domestic duties in the many outbuildings and in the plantation house.
Lacy and his young family had no thought that conflict might disturb their comfortable and happy way of life. But when war erupted in 1861, the fortunes of the Lacy family and their house were changed forever. When J. Horace Lacy offered his services to the new Confederate army, Mrs. Lacy and their five children left Chatham and resided with various friends and relatives in other parts of Virginia, away from the anticipated battles. Household furnishings and slaves were transported to other landholdings outside Fredericksburg and further south. Lacy would be separated from his family for much of the war.
Vast armies occupied the countryside around Chatham for much of the next four years. A New York soldier recalled:
About opposite to the central part of Fredericksburg, and a few hundred feet from the river, was an old Brick mansion, known as the Lacy house, from its owner. Lacy was a rebel from choice, and ranked as a Major in the Confederate army. His house was very large with no attempt at exterior ornamentation; within, however, wealth and art had left abundant evidence of their profuse employment to make the dwelling a fit abode for most refined and aesthetic inhabitants. The grounds descended to the river in terraces, and the house and its surroundings could not well be surpassed for beauty, elegance and comfort.1
With the owners away, however, the house fell victim to vandalism and ill use. Mrs. Lacy reported, "Uncle Jack, our old gardener, who was left in charge of the place, said he frequently saw the soldiers ride up one flight of stone steps, through the wide hall and down the other flight in the rear of the house."2 Later in the war another soldier could still find a small reminder of domestic serenity as he rode past Chatham. He wrote, "The owner of the deserted house is in the rebel army; his garden is a disaster but what moved me most, a child's rocking-horse stood by a door, unharmed in all the strife."3
When peace finally came in 1865, Lacy led his family back to their familiar home only to find it uninhabitable. Mrs. Lacy remembered her return as "heartrending." She went on to describe how serious the damage was: "All the paneling had been stripped from the walls, every door and window was gone, literally only the bare brick walls were left standing. The trees had been cut down, the yard and garden were a wilderness of weeds and briers and there were nineteen Federal graves on the lawn."4
Like many Southern plantation owners, Lacy lost his financial resources and his source of labor. It took years to refurbish the Chatham estate and regain productivity of the land. Continued financial difficulties convinced the Lacys to sell Chatham in 1872. They moved to another family plantation known as Ellwood, 16 miles west of Fredericksburg. There they continued to live and farm into the early 20th century.
Little is known about how most of Lacy's former slaves fared. In 1863 one Chatham slave, Charles Henry Sprout, enlisted in the United States Colored Troops, African American regiments that fought with the Northern armies. When Sprout was discharged in 1866 in Texas, he returned to Fredericksburg to live. He died in 1926 and was buried in the Fredericksburg National Cemetery. Another Lacy slave, Charlie Weedon, served as a guide for Confederate troops during military operations in the Chancellorsville and Wilderness campaigns. It is uncertain if he survived the war.
Questions for Reading 1
1. What features made Chatham a typical southern plantation when J. Horace Lacy purchased it in 1857?
2. What happened to the plantation and the Lacy family when the Civil War began?
3. How was the house changed while the Lacys were gone?
4. How would you feel if your home and family were disrupted by war or a disaster? Do you think it would have been easier or harder for the Lacy family if their house had been destroyed?
5. What happened to the Lacy slaves? Why do you think we know so little about what happened to them after the war?
Reading 1 was compiled from Ralph Happel, Chatham: The Life of a House (Philadelphia: Eastern National Park and Monument Association, 1984); Ruth Coder Fitzgerald, A Different Story: A Black History of Fredericksburg, Stafford and Spotsylvania, Virginia (Fredericksburg: Unicorn Press, 1979); Wilson Greene, J. Horace Lacy: The Most Dangerous Rebel in the County (Richmond: Owens Publishing Company, 1988); and Ronald W. Johnson, "Chatham Preliminary Historic Resource Study," National Park Service, Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park, 1982.
1Theodore B. Gates, The Ulster Guard 20th N.Y. State Militia and the War of the Rebellion, Embracing History (New York, 1879), 222-223.


text:
January 03, 2011
home {made} mobile
37 comments:
- jhjonze said...
Um holy cow that is cute! I got the hoodie at The Children's Place, my absolute favorite. I almost died when I saw it. Anyway.
- January 3, 2011 at 12:10 PM
- Wendy said...
this is SO cute!
- January 3, 2011 at 12:50 PM
- Attempting Aloha said...
Nice makeover! My children were all deprived and didn't have mobiles, but that's mostly because they were all SO HIDEOUS. This one is definitely swoon-worthy!
- January 3, 2011 at 1:10 PM
- Ruth H. said...
Thanks for stopping by my blog, the other day. I've just had some fun looking at yours! My goodness, that mobile is darling. I have an expectant sis-in-law that would love it!
- January 3, 2011 at 2:09 PM
- Jayna Rae said...
This would be perfect for my friends nursery. I will have to send her your way.
- January 3, 2011 at 3:51 PM
I am so excited to see what else you do as this project was so cute!!
Thanks for linking up so I could find you!
- January 3, 2011 at 4:35 PM
Okay, you had me at parasite. The minute I read that it was all over. I just headed straight to that friend patch and added myself. Plus I am going to share you with my friends....
- January 3, 2011 at 4:39 PM
- CraftyBrit said...
SO cute! Absolutely love it!
- January 3, 2011 at 6:09 PM
- Kara said...
Get out of here with your amazingness!! This is adorable!
- January 3, 2011 at 10:09 PM
- Dacia said...
Thanks for the blog visit and follow. You have a super cute blog. I can tell your baby nursery is just darling because this mobil is soooo cute! I'm your newest follower :)
- January 4, 2011 at 1:17 AM
- Elizabeth D. said...
Wow, so pretty! I am definitely bookmarking this for the next little girl who comes along in my life.
- January 4, 2011 at 4:18 AM
- Megan said...
Adorable! Looks great!
- January 4, 2011 at 5:49 AM
- maleahbliss said...
Oh this is so cute!! Awesome re-do! :) I'm sure your baby girl will spend hours staring at it.
I'd love for you to link this up to my linky party!
- January 4, 2011 at 2:09 PM
- Chelsea said...
I love the creativity! It turned out so cute! Good job! Thanks for stopping by Creative Mommas!
- January 4, 2011 at 9:59 PM
- Megan said...
It's adorable and so special and unique! What a lucky baby!
- January 5, 2011 at 11:32 AM
- Chris said...
Lovely. I'm sure she'll enjoy gazing at it!
- January 5, 2011 at 8:42 PM
- Stacy said...
I am so in love!!!! That is wonderful! I have made all my baby's mobiles. I can never find one that fit my theme that I like. I am going to feature this tomorrow!
- January 5, 2011 at 8:55 PM
- Amanda Dale said...
So lovely! Fantastic job!
- January 5, 2011 at 9:54 PM
- Tara said...
Beautiful Job! I love it! Thanks for linking up at Trendy Treehouse!
- January 5, 2011 at 11:03 PM
- Tara said...
Beautiful Job! I love it! Thanks for linking up at Trendy Treehouse!
- January 5, 2011 at 11:03 PM
- Linda said...
Wow. Thanks for showing how to make the mobile. It's amazing what people can make and then they teach it here on the blogs. Thanks so much. Linda
- January 5, 2011 at 11:48 PM
- maleahbliss said...
Thanks so much for linking up! It is a beautiful mobile! :)
I hope you'll stop by Tute {Yourself} Tuesday again next week!
- January 6, 2011 at 2:36 AM
- Erin said...
It's just absolutely adorable!!! You did a great job! :)
- January 6, 2011 at 6:24 AM
- Randi said...
That is absolutely precious. I love the soft colors.
- January 6, 2011 at 6:29 AM
- Kim @ Cheap Chic Home said...
What a cute mobile. I really like the idea of using birds with feathers. I think your daughter will be delighted.
- January 7, 2011 at 6:30 AM
- Haley said...
So sweet!
- January 7, 2011 at 9:52 AM
- Quiltstory said...
I just love how this turned out!!! So cute, I really am loving the colors and that soft pink is perfect!
- January 7, 2011 at 8:07 PM
- AllieMakes! said...
So sweet! The nursery is really coming along! And it is beautiful!
Thanks for linking up to Making It With Allie! I can't wait to see what you have for next week!
- January 7, 2011 at 10:13 PM
- Larissa said...
I heart this. I just LOVE the birds. So Sweet!
Just Another Day in Paradise
- January 8, 2011 at 7:19 AM
- Jen said...
Thanks for linking up to my party. This is beautiful, you did such a great job on it!
- January 8, 2011 at 12:33 PM
- Rebecca said...
Wow, what a great project. I love the overall look. Very nicely done!
- January 8, 2011 at 8:04 PM
Absolutely beautiful! I'm linking to your post in my "favorite finds" tomorrow. Can't wait to see the rest of your nursery transformation!
- January 9, 2011 at 9:10 PM
- Elizabeth said...
Love the birds! So sweet. Would love for you to come visit me at Sew Chatty and link up to Made With Love Monday! The party will be open all week if you'd like to link up multiple projects. Have a great day! http://sewchatty.blogspot.com
- January 10, 2011 at 5:04 PM
- Meg said...
That's just beautiful. Great job.
- January 10, 2011 at 7:16 PM
- Kara said...
That is so adorable! Love the ruffles and the cute little birds. Thanks for linking up! :)
- January 10, 2011 at 10:11 PM
- Sachiko said...
This is so pretty! You are one creative girl!
- January 15, 2011 at 10:38 PM
- Eliea said...
this is awesome! I am planning to basically do the same thing and re-purpose an old mobile. Just trying to find one!
I wasn't sure on the fabricy bits though so this is very helpful! Thanks so much!
- June 16, 2011 at 10:23 AM


text: 988 vs 999 and the Proper Usage Page Content AJCC's Donna Gress explains the different purposes of the 988 and 999 codes in the Collaborative Stage Data Collection System. This presentation was supported by the Cooperative Agreement Number 5U58DP001864-04 from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Click Here to view on our You Tube channel View More Videos


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text:
|2007-04-21, 07:52
|Link #82
Junior Member
Join Date: Mar 2007
I thought i'd seen your name on this thread too.
I liked it :d downloaded the 1st episode with subs and have the 2nd in raw. lol I actually can't wait for it to be subbed.
|2007-04-21, 08:51
|Link #83
Senior Member
|2007-04-21, 20:12
|Link #84
Somehow I found out
Join Date: Feb 2006
Age: 35
Ep 1.
Yes, the Bokura ga Ita-like character designs drew me into this. Guilty as charged. No, I wasn't very impressed with this.
Two things I dislike about this show: the comedy and the characters. Shoujo anime has been really hit-and-miss recently as far as comedy is concerned. Titles like Nodame Cantabile and Bokura ga Ita have managed to hit it out of the park when called upon to do comedy, but others like Yamato Nadeshiko Shichi Henge and (I'd argue) Honey & Clover as well (people will disagree with me, but I thought H&C fell on its face as far as comedy was concerned, it just managed to completely excel at everything that wasn't comedy) are really below par. So, I'm not sure what to make of shoujo anime's track record on comedy, except that when it's good, it's outstanding, but when it's not, it's regrettable. This is regrettable so far. It's really a very primitive style of comedy and most of the jokes have centered on the moronic competitiveness of the two leads. And, that's what I dislike about the two leads as well: they're moronic and competitive. And Otani is manipulative. They're not exactly doing a great job of being sympathetic, which is a priority, IMO, in shoujo anime, since you almost always have to like the characters before you can like the show.
I regret picking this up. It's not showing a great deal of promise since the characters don't even reveal likable characteristics when they go introspective (which has been rare so far, admittedly) and their motivations are incredibly simplistic. I'd hate for this to become another Yamato Nadeshiko, but that's where I see it going.
|2007-04-21, 20:17
|Link #85
Beautiful fighter.
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: England, UK
Age: 32
I'll probably carry it on 'cause its wacky -- a style of wacky that i haven't seen in a anime for a while. Also, i've not been in the right mood for the manga as of late --- hopefully that'll change with a few more episodes of the anime.
Also, i'm a small guy, so this hits home-base for me.
|2007-04-21, 21:17
|Link #86
Join Date: Jan 2007
The first ep lived up to my expectations. Indeed, it was the most amusing TV series of 2007 so far. There are some series I like better but they all range from serious to deadly serious so they're not really competition. I'm a sucker for romance comedy but unfortunately I find most stuff that goes under that label neither comedic nor romantic. Of course after only one subbed episode there is still enough time for the show to go horribly wrong. That it might go down the Yamato Nadeshiko Shichi Henge path remains a possibility, definitely.
I don't quite understand what's so particularly girls-oriented about the show. As I see it it's a victim of the anime industry's rule to give everything a gender/age stamp. I enjoyed blatant shojo stuff like Ouran and Fruits Basket so it's not that I wouldn't admit it to myself if Love Complex gave me shojo vibes.
|2007-04-22, 00:03
|Link #87
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2004
Location: Monterrey, México
Age: 39
Lovely Complex - First Impressions
Freshman Year Summer! I'll Definitely Find a Boyfriend!
I give thanks once again to Omniscient for introducing this title at his blog. The moment I saw the screencaps for episode the show hooked me up.
I won't be downloading RAWS for this series, but instead wait in due time the subs, since there's a lot of dialogue that I need to understand in order to get the jokes.
This is splash comedy at the peak of its gold. What I mean with splash comedy is that the viewer gets doused over and over with surprising feats of comedy stunts that one cannot stop to laugh on a similar manner when one enjoys the cool water being splashed at the face during those hot summer days.
I know by the content and the overly happy colors going along in the animation that this title is shoujo added with slice-of-life and comedy.
What I really enjoy the most about the comedy is the drama invested right before Risa or Otani or both are bombed with an explosive letdown just when they got all puppy-eyed and star-crossed daydreaming about their ideal person.
From watching the development going around Otani and Risa's friendly rivalry and teasing I can now formulate a plausible outcome for the ending, but I am reserving my comments until then.
Gosh! I haven't this wacky joy and fun since KareKano.
The beginning exceeded my expectations light-years of distance. I enjoyed all of the jokes.
|2007-04-23, 17:08
|Link #88
ghostly member
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: just around the corner
Age: 37
I don't know the manga, but out of curiosity I managed to watch the Dorama / Live-action movie a few months ago.
There it seemed already a light-hearted comedy-shoujo series and the first episode of the anime followed in this.
I really enjoyed the first episode and I laughed at quite some scenes
Overall, I think I'm going to keep this one as it seems to serve good comedy, a warm atmosphere and the love interests began to shine through at the end of the episode and I am curious how they (staff) play it out
Last edited by katsumi; 2007-04-28 at 06:38.
|2007-04-23, 17:48
|Link #89
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Ontario, Canada
Partly because I read a bit of the manga and I thought it was fun and want to see how tha anime is going to show the story. And well, because I was looking for something like this after BGI ended (Hoping for a second series!)
I watched the first episodes with subs (Thank-you KissSubs!) and it kinda caught me by surprise. I read the manga first, and when I imagined their voices, it was more.. different. I think, Koizumi's voice didn't match her, and it kinda reminded me of Keroberos from CCS at some parts and scared me D: It's also a tad too low for my liking. Otani's voice.. it sounds gay in some parts. It reminds me of a voice from another show that I watched when I was little and the one of the girl's class mate was foreign and his always added in all these darlings and babys after what he said. It just seemed too weird to me. And there was some parts when they talked at the same time and in never matched the mood they were supposed to be portraying. Like in the beginning and the teacher called them All Hanshin-Kyojin and they yelled at the teacher, it was more sing-songish and rehearsed, not pissed. sigh, but maybe I'll get used to it, because I really don't want the voices to distract me from some good scenes. Other people's voices were okay though so amen to that.
The OP and ED, I thought, were good. One of the good points for the anime.
I found it funniest when they argue, because it just comes so naturally and what they called each other was hilarious.
Good, can't wait to watch the next episode! I really want to see Risa and the other girl (I forogt her name, but she was in the OP)
|2007-04-23, 20:38
|Link #90
FMP wubber
Join Date: Mar 2007
Age: 34
I saw the first episode a couple of days ago
While I didn't really like this show alot, I think there are a few reasons for that. First of all, I've been waiting for this for a while, and I think I set my expectations a little too high. I do want something that isn't so drama-y as Bokura (which like Peach Girl went back and forth with the love triangle until it was beat to death, it was a good anime but I'm getting tired of the love-triangle series.
The other reason I was a little put off by the series was that I didn't find the comedy to be THAT funny. More often than not it brought a smile to my face or made me go aww (when the two leads were super excited about the pool). That was fine, as long as the series doesn't get to be too much comedy. It was probably about half comedy and half plot as of now. This was good.
One thing I really enjoyed with the first episode was the interaction between the two leads. They just mesh really well and with the exception of their height (and probably only because that's been drilled into my head since I've been little) I see nothing wrong with them being a couple. Speaking of which, I liked the subtle ways they show that.. they might (or at least in the future) like each other.
Overall I'm going to keep up with the next few episodes and see where this takes me.
Rating: C+ / B-
|2007-04-25, 01:25
|Link #95
Obey the Darkly Cute ...
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: On the whole, I'd rather be in Kyoto ...
Age: 61
Okay.. it didn't knock my socks off -- but I think it has promise so I'll stick with it for at least a handful of episodes. I rather like the OP visuals.
|2007-04-25, 18:49
|Link #96
Join Date: Oct 2006
Well after catching the second episode I gotta say I really like the show. Its kindof nice to have a cute fun show like this that isnt so dead serious. The whole thing is just alot of fun to watch and the I really cant see myself growing tired of the interactions between the leads.
|2007-04-26, 13:13
|Link #97
Junior Member
Join Date: Mar 2007
Location: Texas
Age: 35
|2007-04-26, 16:57
|Link #98
Senior Member
Funny I found the torrent link for episode two in the front page and because it is mp4 I opened it with the quick time player but it does not showing me a thing when I push the play button...Only a blank screen and ihear the songs and the dialogues but no image at all...
|2007-04-26, 18:20
|Link #99
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: New York
Age: 31
|2007-04-26, 19:17
|Link #100
Join Date: Dec 2003
So, I got caught up with the episodes for the show (1-3) and it's ridiculously hilarious. Great character interaction, great VA work, and just great production for the show overall. The wide variety of facial expressions and some of the cuter details (like Risa's varying hairstyles) is something I kind of wish more anime had.
At any rate, I'm doing a sub of the series (I-Z) and I noticed that my subs are a little smaller than I'd like for TV output. I thought about readjusting it for general release but it would mess with the PC watchers if I did. I visit here fairly often so I wanted to ask some people. So, would anyone be interested in a version with typesetting specifically set for TV output (larger font, higher type positioning, and etc.)?
|comedy, romance
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The world has a big problem with homeless people, yet no one seems to help them.
We are all equal but they have no choice but to survive outdoors. We look at them like they are scum, and think if they wanted to they could have made something of themselves.
In all cases that's not true. Many homeless people are veterans, who served our country to help us. What do we do for them? Really, we do nothing at all.
The government needs to pay respect to our veterans. They fought for our country, and went through a whole lot more than anyone should.
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As the newest member of Vancouver Whitecaps FC, midfielder Michael Nanchoff could be forgiven for having the ability to see into the future.
The University of Akron star, and Generation adidas signing with Major League Soccer, revealed that both himself and his mother Marian had a feeling - if not a premonition - that the Blue and White would select the 22-year-old in Thursday's MLS SuperDraft.
"My mom got a new iPad for Christmas, and while she was using it, she told me that she had a really good feeling that I was going to be drafted by Vancouver," Nanchoff told whitecapsfc.com. "My mom ended up Google searching how far away Vancouver was from my home in Ohio. Then Wednesday night before the draft, I kind of pictured myself in a Whitecaps jersey for some reason. To then be drafted by Vancouver was pretty sweet for me."
As the eighth overall pick in this year's SuperDraft, Nanchoff is now counting down to next Thursday when he reports to his new club for preseason. "It's a great feeling knowing I will be out in Vancouver next week to get things started," he said. "I've heard nothing but great things about Vancouver as a city, but also some phenomenal things about the fan base and the community itself. I'm looking forward to meeting everybody there."
An attack-minded midfielder, the native of North Royalton, Ohio, is in consideration for a role on the left-hand side of head coach Teitur Thordarson's midfield. Nanchoff is excited by the prospect of making an impact in MLS this season. "What I've heard about Whitecaps FC is that the team likes to play an entertaining style of soccer, which I think is a good fit for me," he said. "Just like everybody else, I have to come into camp and put my mark on it."
Thursday in Baltimore, Maryland, was not only a special day for Nanchoff, it was also another historic landmark for the University of Akron. Five of the top eight picks in the SuperDraft were members of the Zips side that won the 2010 NCAA Division I men's soccer championship - the first such title in any sport in Akron's athletic history. "I have nothing but excellent things to say about Akron," Nanchoff said. "Starting from our head coach Caleb Porter, the recruits he has brought in and the vision that he has had for the program has been spectacular. It was our goal to win the NCAA College Cup in 2010, and we achieved that."


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Tree planting on rural school grounds.
Description: Discusses the importance of planning for successful Arbor-Day tree plantings on rural school grounds and churchyards. Includes suggested study topics for teachers to use in school lessons.
Date: 1901
Creator: United States. Department of Agriculture.
Item Type: Refine your search to only Book
Partner: UNT Libraries Government Documents Department


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Scottie Pippen Fight: Malibu altercation involving ex-NBA star being investigated, authorities say
(CBS/AP) MALIBU, Calif. -- Former Chicago Bulls star Scottie Pippen was involved in a fight outside of a well-known sushi eatery in Malibu over the weekend that landed one man in the hospital, authorities said.
The altercation occurred about 6:30 p.m. Sunday in the parking lot of Nobu restaurant, said Steve Whitmore, a spokesman for the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department. There was an argument between Pippen and the man, who was taken to a hospital with unspecified injuries, Whitmore said. His condition was not immediately available.
Investigators were interviewing several witnesses who apparently saw what transpired and criminal charges could be filed, Whitmore said. It wasn't known if Pippen has spoken with authorities.
"Right now it's under investigation," Whitmore said. "We have to interview everybody to find out what happened."
Nobu has been a Malibu mainstay for nearly 15 years and is frequented by celebrities. The restaurant recently moved to a beachfront location that offers views of the Pacific Ocean from nearly every seat.
Pippen helped lead the Bulls to six NBA championships in the 1990s. He is a special adviser to the team's president and chief operating officer.
The Bulls declined to comment Monday.


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Jeff Schultz blogs at ajc.com about a big Macy's ad in Monday's Miami Herald congratulating the Miami Heat for winning the NBA championship.
Hmm, generally you think there'd be some kind of contingency plans for such a situation.
And does the newspaper get to keep the ad money?
See the ad and read the blog here: Miami Herald Macy's ad declares Heat 'NBA champions'
The paper put a correction on its website: Corrections & Clarifications


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30 May 2012 at 5.47pm | Comment on this article
Royal Opera House Exhibitions Manager Cristina Franchi will give a free lecture tonight about Ninette de Valois, founder of The Royal Ballet. Dame Ninette, who lived to be 102, is widely considered to be one of the most influential figures in the history of ballet.
Cristina will be telling the remarkable story of how a young dancer who started her career impersonating Anna Pavlova on seaside pier theatres went on to dance professionally with Diaghilev's Ballets Russes and establish The Royal Ballet company.
Cristina recently curated an exhibition at the Royal Opera House about Ninette de Valois and her legacy in the ballet world.
Tonight's lecture is one of a series entitled Irish Achievers in British History that profiles eminent Irish people who have had a significant impact on British politics, literature and the arts. Polar explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton and playwright Sean O'Casey are profiled in the same series.
The lecture is at 7.30pm at the Irish Cultural Centre Hammersmith in London. Royal Opera House Exhibitions are curated by the Royal Opera House Collections Department.


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USC might be in last place in the Pacific-12 Conference, but at least the Trojans recognize their shortcomings. That's about the best aspect of this season, which has only four more guaranteed games.
"Consistency is our problem," USC point guard Pe'Shon Howard said. "We have 32 minutes where we're one of the best teams in the conference, and the last seven or eight minutes we're one of the worst teams in the conference."
Those eight minutes apparently far outweigh the 32 minutes, because USC is 1-13 in the Pac-12 and 10-18 overall.
"Around the 30-minute mark we start turning the ball over," USC guard Roschon Prince said. "Right now we're trying to get as many wins as we can."
Prince said USC still believes it can make an impact in the Pac-12 Tournament even though the Trojans' will be the 11th or 12th seed. The Trojans play at Washington State (9-18, 2-13) next week in a game that could determine last place in the conference.
"We need to play with purpose," Prince said.
One bright spot for the Trojans was that they committed only eight turnovers on Thursday against Oregon State. USC had gone 23 straight games with double digits in turnovers.
Haley offers advice
Center D.J. Haley enjoyed success the past few years at Virginia Commonwealth before he transferred to USC for his final season, and the Trojans' struggles are a contrast to 2011, when VCU advanced to the Final Four.
"I always try to tell the players to focus on the things they can control," Haley said.
When USC coach Andy Enfield did not say much during halftime of USC's loss to Oregon State on Thursday night, Haley stepped forward.
"To sum it up, (I said) we're a family, stick together and play hard," Haley said.
No offense
USC ranks 327th in the nation in made 3-point shots and last in the Pac-12 in field-goal percentage.
"It's a problem," Enfield said. "The defense sags on our 3-point shooters and it shrinks our driving line. It's frustrating when you do run a good offense or (and miss the shot). Sometimes we miss wide-open, point-blank shots in the lane."
USC has lost nine straight games, the longest losing streak since the Trojans lost 10 straight to open the 2011-12 season.
1954 team honored
Seven members of USC's 1954 basketball team will attend today's game and be honored. The 1954 team reached the Final Four, the only USC team to reach the Final Four. The Trojans also won a conference title.
Brendyn Taylor out
Sophomore guard Brendyn Taylor is currently out with a knee injury he suffered last week against Stanford.
Senior salute
USC's final home game at 1 p.m. today against Oregon will be the final Galen Center contest for four seniors: Haley, Howard, Omar Oraby and J.T. Terrell.