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Sunday, October 14, 2007
The Real Reason All Those American Christian Fundamentalists Oppose Teaching Evolution
[Evolution] was harder for Darwin's contemporaries to grasp ... than we can easily imagine. The story of creation in the Bible is not just a Judeo-Christian concept; it's roughly what everyone must have believed since before people were people. The hard part of grasping evolution was to realize that species weren't, as they seem to be, unchanging, but had instead evolved from different, simpler organisms over unimaginably long periods of time.
Now we don't have to make that leap. No one in an industrialized country encounters the idea of evolution for the first time as an adult. Everyone's taught about it as a child, either as truth or heresy.
If you teach children that everything around them was some other thing in the past, and only became the things they are over the passage of time, you teach them that everything they know will change.
Many religions are essentially authoritarian societies, built on the premise of infallible knowledge. Maintaining belief in the specific allegedly infallible knowledge of the various American Christian religions opposed to evolution is impossible if you know that everything in the world around you used to be something different and will one day change again. If you merely imagine that maybe everything in the world around you used to be something different and will one day change again, maintaining belief in the specific infallible knowledge of American primitive Christianity might not be impossible, but it certainly becomes remarkably difficult.
They could in theory work around it by changing the content of their infallible doctrine, except you can't change infallible doctrine without making it fallible.
In fact, any allegation of infallible knowledge loses credibility in this context, since it also requires an infallible perpetual updating and aggregating system. Even if God exists, and even if God knows everything, for that information to percolate out to religious authority figures, you would not only need prophets who were incredibly good at listening to the word of God, you would also need God to be updating Twitter every nanosecond. (Not because the change is fast - it isn't - but because the knowledge becomes fallible if it's out of date.) Allowing the alleged infallibility of God to transfer to His representatives becomes absolutely ludicrous in this context, which means that whether God exists or not, the idea which holds up the entire power structure of American fundamentalist Christianity falls apart, and the power structure collapses. But this doesn't just mean the structure of their religious organizations; it also means the structure of their families.
This is why they aren't satisfied by getting evolution in school and creationism in Sunday school; the damage to the fundamental premise of their entire society's power structure has already been done. What they really object to is this threat to their power structure. Religions perform important social roles, and without the fundamental assumption of infallible knowledge to give their authoritarian religion the credibility to perform those roles, their sub-society faces serious and significant upheaval.
When Christian fundamentalists in America say that teaching evolution threatens the very fabric of their society, what they say is true. I don't want to get into the politics of it all, but that's what's going on. If you hear about them fighting against teaching evolution in schools, and you wonder how anyone could be so stupid, that's how.
9 comments:
"When Christian fundamentalists in America say that teaching evolution threatens the very fabric of their society, what they say is true."ReplyDelete
Similarly, if social mores change -- e.g. abortion is OK, gays can marry -- then not only do we acknowledge a break from past beliefs, but anyone can deduce that today's moral standards are also temporary and not eternal.
Yeah, exactly. If everything changes, making a big deal about social change is just silly. "Things change. Everyone knows that." Authoritarian societies lose their power when children can laugh at their leaders.ReplyDelete
Well said, Giles.ReplyDelete
Are other communities, like those of academics or programmers, free of nonsensical hierarchies that draw power from supporting a current orthodoxy? I'm not sure the characteristics you identify are unique to religion.ReplyDelete
One might argue that other disciplines contain the tools to shift their dogma, whereas religion is utterly dependent on its infallibilty. Relatively recently, slavery was widely accepted in the US church. It was both defended and derided with scripture. That was 150 years ago. In the last 50 years, the church has completely changed its attitude about divorce.
There are some formal mechanisms that one could point to in describing how these changes get made, but honestly it seems to reflect more of a rough consensus than any kind of Word-from-on-high transformation.
All this to say that both you and our ultra-religious sisters are being too optimistic about the state of education in the US if you believe social cueing and tribal membership will be outdone by what gets taught in science class.
@austin - first your question - no, plenty of other systems exist with similar properties.ReplyDelete
now the final sentence --
All this to say that both you and our ultra-religious sisters are being too optimistic about the state of education in the US if you believe social cueing and tribal membership will be outdone by what gets taught in science class.
Here's my attempt at translation. You're saying that Giles Bowkett and some other people are overestimating the power of scientific ideas to overcome peer pressure and traditional belief among fundamentalist Christians.
If I'm understanding you correctly, my thought that the idea of evolution being taught in science class could topple Christian fundamentalist "society" (sub-society really) is the one idea I share with fundamentalist Christians! (Which is probably what you meant by "our ultra-religious sisters," except I don't get why they're female.)
I think it's very valuable to think of big-picture ideas in tiny chunk. I also think you're blurring chunks together. I'm not saying that "social cueing and tribal membership" will disappear overnight. I'm saying that tribes can change their rules, and social cues communicate those changes when they occur. If the rules of Christian fundamentalist "tribes" change, those "tribes" may stick together, but they could be doing very different things after the rules change. Groups of people can exhibit all kinds of different patterns of behavior without disbanding or even fully self-destructing. American society didn't fall apart as a result of the social upheaval of the 60s, but it did suddenly get very very different. I think that's what the Christians are afraid will happen to them. I think they're right, it will happen to them. I just think they're basically a bunch of pussies - everybody else in the country already dealt with it 40 years ago.
I really liked Neil deGrasse Tyson's explanation of why ID should not be allowed in science classrooms. He said that there is a strain of belief in science that somehow God has a hand in explaining things science can't, which leads people to believe that a phenomenon is not worth exploring, because "God creates it". This idea is proved wrong by later scientists. Even some great scientists have fallen into this mode of thinking.ReplyDelete
What Tyson said was science is a philosophy of discovery. Anything that says, "We can't explore here, because we already know what the answer is" has no place in the scientific discipline, because it effectively stifles scientific discovery. I'm not sure exactly what he was talking about here, but I suspect he may have been commenting on group think that can develop in the scientific community, and that it's best to not foster an atmosphere of close-mindedness within it.
What I also liked was he defined science as a philosophy. I'd add that it's one that just so happens to produce reliable, reproduceable results when done right. What I like about this definition though is it implies that science does not have a monopoly on the truth.
Personally, I believe in what science can prove, but I can have metaphysical thoughts about what it has not proven yet. This doesn't mean that I'm going to firmly hold to those thoughts. It's just "gap filler" unless a better explanation comes along.
Just for the hell of it, there's a fascinating bit in "The Wisdom of Crowds" where he argues that science isn't a philosophy or even a methodology, but a market. Very interesting take.ReplyDelete
I would actually be absolutely fine with the creationists teaching creationism in schools alongside actual reality if it weren't for the fact that American culture is unpredictably diverse, so that you can't just say "this community is all fundamentalist Christian so there's no harm in it" as that community could become not all fundamentalist Christian at any given moment -- and also if it weren't for the fact that public-funded religious teaching is ultimately just religious organizations using government money for religious purposes. I think it would make the transition easier for the Christian loonies, if they had both taught in school, even though one is moronically false, but there's no way to do it without making homogenous communities hostile to other religions, and the legal precedent, in terms of the finances, would be a nightmare.
But if it weren't for all that, I really would be fine with it, because the situation is, their religion is essentially threatened by reality itself. They're guaranteed to face some problems because of that, and there's no point making it any harder on them. You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. I think it's wise to look at the 60s as a painful instance of social upheaval, and to say there might be further upheaval, and to plan for ways to make social upheaval less destructive and divisive.
After all, if you read Howard Zinn, a lot of what we teach kids in history class is false anyway. If we were teaching them creationism and evolution, they'd be forced to decide for themselves, and that kind of challenge doesn't happen often enough in our schools. In a different situation, I'd be an apologist for the creationism in schools crowd. (Although "Intelligent Design" is so despicable and dishonest that I could never compromise as far as that.)
Hmm. Never heard of science being a "market". Maybe that's the practical reality since most scientific research is funded by the government, which is by its nature a political organ. So what we end up getting at best is science tainted by a political bias. Even if you leave out government, research is funded by corporations, which have particular goals in mind as well. I'm sure there are some real R&D labs around where scientific researchers are free to explore whatever strikes their fancy, free from interference, but they're rare mainly because most people don't understand how real research works.ReplyDelete
Believe who you want, but I'd take Zinn with a large grain of salt. He not only eschews objectivity, he doesn't even find it desirable. So he's basically like, "Fuck it. I'm going to tell it like I want to tell it." Gee, how post-modern. I know that in any history, one can question the objectivity of the historians that made it, but those who do the job well try to take in information from multiple sources, and information that's vague or controversial into account. I find that good historians make an effort to present a complete picture. Even if they don't succeed, at least the effort was honest.
No no no, science is a market but not a money market. Too exhausted to remember the details but it's really very interesting. Essentially the process of experimentation, citation, and peer review functions with a market dynamic.ReplyDelete


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Five cards are shown to a spectator and he is asked to think of one. Performer places one of the cards into his pocket. The spectator is asked which card he thought of. When he names the card, it is removed from the performer's pocket. Apparently this is the end of the trick, but the performer asks the spectator if he can name any of the remaining cards. To everyone's surprise the remaining cards are all the same.
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Explore Spain's best regions on this trip, including Madrid, Santander, Barcelona and Valencia.
"A fabulous way to see a country"
Dino from USA
Based on 530 independent user reviews
15 Days 2 Countries 16 Cities
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Madrid, Spain
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Madrid, Spain
Vibrant Spanish cities, the running of the bulls in Pamplona and the smell of orange zest in Valencia are yours to discover as you indulge in Spain's distinct art, architecture and culture.
Trip type: Country Explorer i
Trip code: SBES
14 hot buffet breakfasts
7 dinners (including Be My Guest) with local wine
All transport shown.
What's Included
CITY TOUR in Barcelona, Seville, Córdoba, Toledo and Madrid
ORIENTATION of Burgos, Santander, Bilbao, San Sebastián, Pamplona and Valencia
VISIT The Tomb of El Cid in Burgos, the Alhambra Palace in Granada, the Rock of Gibraltar, Cathedral in Seville, the Mosque of the Caliphs in Córdoba, the Synagogue and Santo Tomé in Toledo and the Prado Museum in Madrid
VIEW the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, La Concha Bay in San Sebastián, the Cathedral of Zaragoza, La Sagrada Família in Barcelona, the Castle of Peñiscola, Serrano and Quart Towers and the City of Arts and Sciences complex in Valencia
What's Included
14 hot buffet breakfasts
7 dinners
(including Be My Guest) with local wine
What's Included
Audio Headsets for flexible sightseeing
Daily breakfast and an average of 50% of evening meals
Luxury air-conditioned coach with WiFi in most countries or alternative transportation (such as rail journeys)
Cherry-picked hotels, all tried and trusted
Hand-picked Trip Highlights
Optional Experiences and free time
All porterage and restaurant gratuities
Must-see sightseeing and surprise extras
An expert Travel Director and professional Driver
All hotel tips, charges and local taxes
VIP entry to many sights
Airport Transfers
Specific transfer information can be found on the airport transfers page
1. Arrive Madrid
Welcome to the fiery Iberian capital that is Madrid. Delve deep into the soul of a city that marches to the tune of the tapas, before meeting up with your fellow travellers and Travel Director for a memorable Welcome Reception and orientation drive to see some of the city's most iconic sights.
2. Madrid – Burgos – Santander
Journey over the pine-clad Guadarrama Mountains to Burgos, the historic capital of Castile, where we will visit the tomb of El Cid, a national hero and the protagonist of the most significant medieval Spanish epic poem - El Cantar de Mio Cid. We cross the Ebro River and the Cantabrian Cordillera mountains, travelling to the coast and the sophisticated capital of the Cantabrian region, Santander.
3. Santander – Bilbao – San Sebastián – Pamplona
We depart Santander and travel to Bilbao to view the striking Guggenheim Museum, built from titanium, glass and limestone and designed by renowned Canadian-American architect, Frank Gehry. Continuing to San Sebastián, the gourmet capital of Spain, we see the beautiful Bahia de la Concha beach during our orientation drive. Our overnight stay is in the vibrant city of Pamplona, famous for its Running of the Bulls fiesta. Follow in the footsteps of Hemingway and enjoy a drink at Café Iruña, ramble along the brilliantly lit city ramparts or delight in the local pintxos before enjoying dinner at your hotel this evening.
4. Pamplona – Zaragoza – Barcelona (2 Nights)
Our journey continues through the Ebro Valley to Zaragoza where we'll view the Basilica of El Pilar and Cathedral of La Seo. Arrive in Barcelona, soak up the charm of a city that professes two great loves - Gaudí and football. Enjoy panoramic views of a city, which dates back to Roman times, from Montjuïc, then spend the rest of the day at leisure. Amble through the Gothic Quarter's labyrinthine lanes, indulge in the aromas and flavours of La Boqueria and discover the best crema Catalana in town.
Optional Experiences
Gothic Quarter and Dinner
Work up an appetite with a walking tour of the old Gothic Quarter, where Barcelona was born. Meander through the beautiful medieval streets and century-old architecture with your Local Specialist. Then we'll take you to the marina of Port Olympic, where you'll enjoy Mediterranean food in one of our favourite local eateries.
Adult Price: €60.00
5. Barcelona Sightseeing and Free Time
The whimsical fantasy world of Gaudí is on display this morning as we embark on a sightseeing tour to see the inspiring, but as yet unfinished, La Sagrada Família in the company of a Local Specialist. We'll see Las Ramblas and Plaça de Catalunya, which lies at the heart of Barcelona, before paying tribute to Christopher Columbus at the monument that bears his name. This afternoon, consider joining an Optional Experience to the mountain-top monastery of Montserrat to see the shrine of the Black Madonna, the patron saint of Catalonia.
Optional Experiences
Mystical Montserrat
Join an Optional Experience to the enchanting and mystical mountain of Montserrat, with its breathtaking views and spectacular scenery. There we will visit the Benedictine monastery where the Black Madonna can be seen.
Adult Price: €40.00
6. Barcelona – Peñiscola – Valencia
The sweet scent of oranges accompanies us on our journey along the Costa Dorada south to fortified Peñiscola, where we'll see the ancient castle used in the film 'El Cid'. Continuing through fertile huertas, we arrive in sunny Valencia where we will stay the night. Our orientation of this cultural city includes views of the town hall, the Bull Ring, the Towers of Serrano and Quart, and the cathedral, which is said to home one of the Holy Chalices of the World. Witness the modern verve of Valencia and view the City of Arts and Sciences, a large-scale urban recreation centre for culture and science, designed by Santiago Calatrava, before spending the rest of the evening at leisure.
Optional Experiences
Paella Experience
Spain's famous rice dish "The Paella" originated in Valencia. This evening, we'll travel to a seafront restaurant where we'll enjoy this iconic Spanish fare. We'll also enjoy great beach views and a drive through the yachting marina, home of the America's Cup 2007.
Adult Price: €52.00
7. Valencia – Granada
Journey via the dramatic Mora Pass to the city of Granada where we meet our Local Specialist for a sightseeing tour of the spectacular UNESCO-listed Alhambra. Its golden façades and extraordinary Moorish architecture reflect centuries of multi-cultural history, which you will have a rare opportunity to explore as you wander through its palaces and exotic water gardens. Check in to your hotel later, where you dine tonight.
8. Granada – Costa del Sol (2 Nights)
Set your watch to Spanish time and enjoy a leisurely morning on your terms, or consider taking an Optional Experience to explore the medieval Moorish Quarter of Granada - Albaicín - with its narrow winding lanes, churches, minarets and palaces. We leave Granada behind for the sun-kissed shores of the Costa del Sol, where we'll spend the next two nights. The rest of the day is yours to enjoy. Stroll along the beachside promenade, relax at one of the nearby beach cafes or visit the picture-perfect white-washed Andalusian village of Mijas - the choice is yours.
Optional Experiences
Mijas Andalusian Hilltown & Mediterranean Dinner
Visit this charming hilltop village, perched up high with splendid views of the coastline. Experience its narrow streets with white-washed houses, see oval bullring, or hunt for hidden gems in the shops. Your evening will finish with a Mediterranean dinner at a coastal restaurant.
Adult Price: €62.00
Albaicín And The Royal Chapel
Enjoy a leisurely walking tour through the Albaicín, UNESCO World Heritage Site, a maze of narrow streets and Moorish splendour. You'll get to explore the Catholic Monarchs' tombs and some of their treasures at the Royal Chapel, and stop off at the picturesque Alcaicería quarter.
Adult Price: €37.00
9. Costa del Sol Free Day
Another day in paradise for you to kick back, worship the Spanish sunshine and taste la buena vida. Enjoy fresh seafood in Torremolinos, relax on the bleached beaches and soak up the Mediterranean atmosphere or consider an Optional Experience to the effervescent Andalusian capital of Málaga to explore centuries of history.
Optional Experiences
Sightseeing and Wine-tasting in Málaga
Come with us to the capital of the Costa del Sol, Málaga, with its lively harbour and long sandy beaches. Your Local Specialist will take you to the Moorish castle of Gibralfaro, the house in which Picasso was born, the old Jewish quarter and the 2,000-year-old Roman Amphitheatre. To round off your trip, we'll take you for a relaxed drink at one of Málaga's oldest and best known taverns.
Adult Price: €40.00
10. Costa del Sol – †Gibraltar – Seville (2 Nights)
A scenic drive takes you past the millionaire's resort of Marbella and on to La Linea. Cross to the Rock of Gibraltar, for free time to explore or consider joining an Optional Experience to St. Michael's Cave to see the Barbary Macaques (Rock Apes). This afternoon, continue through the Andalusian countryside past Jerez - famous for its sherry production - to Seville. Tonight we 'Connect With Locals' over a Be My Guest dinner at the Morillo family olive oil mill. We'll stay at one of Trafalgar's 'Stays With Stories' - Hotel Las Casas de la Juderia, comprising a collection of elegant 15th-century Andalusian townhouses. Important Visa Information: The visit to Gibraltar is subject to Gibraltarian and Spanish visa requirements. Please speak with your travel agent at time of booking to assess your specific requirements.
Optional Experiences
A Guided Tour Of The Rock Of Gibraltar
Experience a tour of the Rock of Gibraltar, one of the pillars of Hercules, by private mini bus. You'll enjoy magnificent views of the meeting of the Atlantic and Mediterranean and the Spanish Sierra, visit St. Michael`s cave and see the famous Barbary apes.
Adult Price: €37.00
11. Seville Sightseeing and Free Time
Join your Local Specialist this morning for a tour of Seville's leafy avenues. See the iconic Giralda Tower, a former minaret converted to a bell tower, and visit the Seville Cathedral, the final resting place of Christopher Columbus. Stroll through Maria Luisa Park, with its tiled fountains, pavilions, palms and orange trees, and walk through the imposing Plaza de España. Explore the Jewish history of Spain in Seville's former Jewish Quarter, where a wall separated the Jewish community from the rest of the city during medieval times. Tonight, consider soaking up the fiery flamenco atmosphere in the city that made this passionate dance famous.
Optional Experiences
Discover The Origin Of Tapas & Evening In Old Seville
Join us for a dinner of mouth-watering tapas-style specialties. You'll get the chance to taste different flavours and wines, before taking an atmospheric evening stroll through the charming old quarter of Seville.
Adult Price: €53.00
Flamenco: Experience the Best Show in Town
Discover the passion, rhythm and magic of an Andalusian flamenco show with us this evening. We've organised tickets to the best show in town, where you'll experience 90 minutes of memorable entertainment with an included drink.
Adult Price: €40.00
The Moorish Alcazar And Plaza América
We'll begin with a visit to the elegant 14th-century Moorish Alcazar, set in its own beautiful gardens. The gardens were recently used as the setting for the Water Gardens of Dorne in the Game Of Thrones series. Then, we'll journey to the famous exhibition site of Plaza América - a must for any visitor to Seville. Cancellation within 24 hours will incur a 50% cancellation fee.
Adult Price: €41.00
Flamenco, the Best Show in Town With a Three-Course Dinner
After a three-course dinner of Andalusian specialties with drinks included, you'll discover the passion, rhythm and magic of flamenco this evening. We've organised tickets to the best show in town, where you'll experience 90 minutes of memorable entertainment.
Adult Price: €69.00
12. Seville – Córdoba
We journey to Córdoba to meet a Local Specialist for a visit to the astounding Mosque of the Caliphs, a jewel of Hispano-Islamic art featuring striking arches and Byzantine mosaics. Then visit the remains of the 14th-century Mudéjar-style synagogue in the old Jewish neighbourhood, before spending the rest of the day at leisure admiring the city's extraordinary Moorish architecture and heritage. This evening we dine at our hotel.
13. Córdoba – Toledo – Madrid (2 Nights)
We leave Andalucía and cross Don Quijote´s la Mancha region, famous for its windmills, wines and cheese. The ancient imperial city of Toledo is our first stop today where we join a Local Specialist for a walking tour of the city's narrow streets. We'll visit the Church of Santo Tomé, home to one of El Greco's most famous paintings - The Burial of Count Orgaz, and the synagogue, the oldest one still standing in Europe. This evening we arrive in feisty Madrid, where we'll spend the next two nights.
Optional Experiences
Dinner and Discovery in Old and New Madrid
This evening you'll have the chance to admire the elegance of Madrid's new city, with its wide, tree-lined avenues and decorative fountains, before experiencing the traditional flavour of the old city. We'll see where the locals come together and have a chat over their aperitifs, before enjoying a delicious dinner.
Adult Price: €61.00
14. Madrid Sightseeing and Free Time
The grand plazas of Madrid take centre stage today as we join our Local Specialist for a sightseeing tour of Spain's capital city. See Plaza de España, Gran Vía and the Cibeles Fountain before visiting the world-famous Prado Museum, featuring one of the world's finest collections of European art, including masterpieces by Velazquez. Spend the rest of the day at leisure exploring the city. Visit the Royal Palace with its spectacular Goya artworks, relax in the leafy Buen Retiro Park or enjoy the flavours and aromas of jamon in the Market of San Miguel. This evening, join your Travel Director and fellow travellers for an unforgettable Farewell Dinner to celebrate an epic adventure through Spain.
Optional Experiences
Segovia World Heritage Site - Its Ancient Aqueduct & Fairy-tale Castle
Enjoy a visit to Segovia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which sits on a rocky outcrop between two rivers. With your Local Specialist, you'll visit the 13th-century castle, reputed to have inspired Walt Disney, as well as seeing the best-preserved Roman aqueduct which has remained intact for 2,000 years.
Adult Price: €45.00
15. Depart Madrid
Our journey together has come to an end. For now it's a fond adiós to Spain and newfound friends. Transfers are available. Conditions apply.
Connect with Locals
Enjoy a traditional Andalusian Be My Guest dinner and the charming company of the Morillo family. A welcome drink of sangria in their sun-dappled courtyard before learning how they produce olive oil. (Day 10)
Stays with Stories
Hotel Las Casas de la Juderia comprises a collection of elegant 15th-century Andalusian townhouses and flower-filled courtyards in the heart of Seville. (Day 10)
Local Specialists
For included sightseeing in Barcelona, Granada, Seville, Córdoba, Toledo and Madrid
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What's Included
CITY TOUR in Barcelona, Seville, Córdoba, Toledo and Madrid
ORIENTATION of Burgos, Santander, Bilbao, San Sebastián, Pamplona and Valencia
VISIT The Tomb of El Cid in Burgos, the Alhambra Palace in Granada, the Rock of Gibraltar, Cathedral in Seville, the Mosque of the Caliphs in Córdoba, the Synagogue and Santo Tomé in Toledo and the Prado Museum in Madrid
VIEW the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, La Concha Bay in San Sebastián, the Cathedral of Zaragoza, La Sagrada Família in Barcelona, the Castle of Peñiscola, Serrano and Quart Towers and the City of Arts and Sciences complex in Valencia
What's Included
14 hot buffet breakfasts
7 dinners
(including Be My Guest) with local wine
What's Included
Audio Headsets for flexible sightseeing
Daily breakfast and an average of 50% of evening meals
Luxury air-conditioned coach with WiFi in most countries or alternative transportation (such as rail journeys)
Cherry-picked hotels, all tried and trusted
Hand-picked Trip Highlights
Optional Experiences and free time
All porterage and restaurant gratuities
Must-see sightseeing and surprise extras
An expert Travel Director and professional Driver
All hotel tips, charges and local taxes
VIP entry to many sights
Airport Transfers
Specific transfer information can be found on the airport transfers page
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The following pages contain documentation about KDE's design and architecture in detail. They do not replace other documentation like API documentation, tutorials/howtos and standards, see the development portal for further information.
For a better understanding it might help to be familiar with Nokia's™ excellent Qt documentation and Developer Zone.
More information about a KDE installation itself is available in the dedicated section for system administrators.


text:
Savvy Tips for Saving Moneyby Kuki, CruiseMates Cruise Director
A good place to star is by restricting your spouse's spending habits. Once we're in the cabin, I usually do this by tying Mrs. Kuki to a bedpost. In the past, I used to tie her to the bar that runs across the closet, but she's a nice lady and seems to deserve some comfort, so I've taken to using the bedposts.
All right, so I haven't really ever done that. But it is very easy to get caught up in spending a lot of time and money in the ship's onboard shops. You can buy everything from munchies to watches to diamond jewelry. But you really have to ask yourself if these shops, with no competition around, are really the best place to make upscale purchases.
Forgetting the expensive watches and jewelry, it's almost as easy to add digits to your onboard expenses by loading up on cruise line signature wear, t-shirts, "designer watch sales," and "gold by the inch". Those passengers "in the know" tell everyone to wait for the last day, when the cruise line needs to get rid of its merchandise because the cruise is almost over. At least, this is how Mrs. Kuki justifies a final binge.
"Now, just wait a sec," I ask Mrs. Kuki. "Doesn't this ship turn right around and leave tomorrow with an entirely new customer base for these shops?"
"Don't look at me that way, dear," she replies. "I apologize profusely for taking a reasonable approach. Can I hold those shopping bags for you?"
But if you are one of life's unfortunates who was born with that "must shop" gene, you should indeed wait until the last day or two of the cruise, because the shops onboard do indeed discount many items.
Most of the cruise lines also offer "art auctions" onboard, and I'm told these generate a considerable amount of revenue for them. While some people will swear they made excellent purchases at the auctions, I felt I had been "caught" when I found myself explaining, "This is the van Gogh I bought in the Disco.
Outside the cost of the cruise, and the possibly exorbitant bill for all the alcoholic beverages you consume, the largest extra expenses you face will likely be the cost of shore excursions. The cruise lines contract with various tour companies in all their ports. They add in their own profit margin, and then sell the tours to you. In some cases, a member of the cruise line staff will escort the tour group to help out the passengers and the tour guide.
The key, I believe, is to choose your tours carefully. In ports where you're planning a simple day at the beach and some souvenir shopping, there's normally no need to book a ship's excursion. Local transportation like taxis or buses will be available at the pier, for significant savings.
Many Caribbean ports now have fixed, posted rates for taxis from the pier to the various locations on the island. If you plan to deviate from a set route, be sure to negotiate your rate in advance, and don't pay until you are at your final destination -- or back at the ship, if that was part of your agreement.
On more exotic itineraries, or if you have particular activities in mind, you might want to book ship's excursions. However, by choosing those that rely somewhat on your independence, you can often save money. For example, when you want to visit cities like Paris or Rome, you usually have a choice. You can buy an inclusive all-day tour that comes with a lunch stop, museum admissions, etc. Or for considerably less, you can book a tour that simply transports you to the city and then back to the ship at a pre-set time. The key is researching the city, so you know in advance what you want to see and do -- and being responsible for your own time. (For instance, you don't want to find yourself taking a picture of a villa on a hillside in France as the sun sets and suddenly realize your ship sails at 4 p.m.)
Aboard the ship, your expenses can add up quickly if you don't set at least an approximate budget in advance and try to stick to it in your daily activities. Buy your friends a couple of rounds of drinks, or make an unplanned stop in the casino, and you can easily find yourself spending $100 or more.
Here's an easy money-saver that I often use: Memorize the folio number of a friend's shipboard charge card, and give that number to the bartenders when purchasing drinks. (This sometimes leads to further savings: I can't spend any money while I'm in the ship's brig, after being caught.)
Rather than taking such extreme measures, I suggest the average cruiser establish a budget, as they might at home, and try to stick fairly close to your own guidelines. You're the only ones who know how much you can afford to spend on your vacation. You want your cruise to be fun, but you don't want to come home to a debt you can't afford to pay.


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Photo: via Human Events
George Soros called President Barack Obama's re-election a sign that Americans have "rejected extremist positions."The billionaire investor told Reuters in an email Tuesday that Obama's victory of Republican challenger Mitt Romney will open "the door for more sensible politics."
"I'm delighted that President Obama has won. The American electorate has rejected extremist positions," Soros said.
Soros donated $1 million to the pro-Obama super PAC Priorities USA in late September and has been a significant contributor to other Democratic and progressive causes.
Soros also told Reuters he hopes "the Republicans in office will make better partners in the coming years" and said cooperation between the two parties is "urgently" needed to head off the so-called fiscal cliff at the end of the year.
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A $600 carbon fiber and Kevlar wallet ($299 for fiberglass version) might seem expensive, but if you frequently forget your wallet or cellphone, it could be the best money you ever spent. It's loaded up with Bluetooth and biometrics.
Here is how it works: the wallet connects to your cellphone via Bluetooth. When the two objects are separated by more than 15-30 feet, the wallet will sound an alarm. So, in reality, it is really protecting you from losing two important items. The wallet also features a biometric fingerprint reader that will only open for its owner. On the other hand, if you leave both your cellphone and wallet behind, you are still screwed. Probably even more so since the wallet was so dammed expensive. The wallets are available for pre-order now in several colors, with shipments starting on December 11th. [iwallet via Gear Diary via OhGizmo via DVICE]


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If you received a suspension and/or revocation notice, you may have
If your driving privilege is suspended and/or revoked for failure to submit a vision examination, medical examination, substance abuse evaluation, certificate of completion (COC) or a driving evaluation, you may submit the information to your nearest MVD office or by email. For any other suspension and/or revocation from the Medical Review Program, please call 602.771.2460 for further information.
You have the right to request a hearing on these actions; however, such a request will not stop the immediate suspension. Your request must be received within 15 days from the date of the notice. The request must be made in writing and may be made by any one of these methods:
The request must include your full name, date of birth, license number, mailing address, home and business phones, and case number. Upon receipt of your written request, a hearing may be scheduled and you will be notified as to the date, time and location.
It is against the law to operate any motor vehicle on the public roads of this state while your driving privilege is suspended. If such operation results in your arrest and conviction, the suspension will be extended for up to one additional year.
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Supplies of food, clothing and fuel are running short in Damascus and people are going hungry as the civil war drags on.
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Supporters of Richard III want a reconstruction of his head to bring a human aspect to a leader portrayed as a murderous villain.
Former hostage 'shamed' by torture
updated 10:48 AM EST, Tue February 5, 2013
Robert Fowler spent 130 days held hostage by the same al Qaeda group that was behind the Algeria massacre. He shares his experience.
North Korea nuclear dream video
updated 12:07 AM EST, Wed February 6, 2013
As "We are the World" plays, a video shows what looks like a nuclear attack on the U.S. Jim Clancy reports on a bizarre video from North Korea.
Why U.S.-Russia relations have frozen
The relationship is, once again, cold enough to make Obama's much-trumpeted "reset" in Russian-U.S. relations seem thoroughly off the rails.
Iraq war: What was your experience?
Ten years on, what do you think the Iraq war has changed in you, and in your country? Send us your thoughts and experiences.
Daniela Mercury: Music is Brazil's soul
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Musician Daniela Mercury has sold more than 12 million albums worldwide over a career span of nearly 30 years.
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Photojournalist Alison Wright travelled the world to capture its many faces in her latest book, "Face to Face: Portraits of the Human Spirit."
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Europol claims 380 soccer matches, including top level ones, were fixed - as the scandal widens, CNN's Dan Rivers looks at how it's done.
Disney: Star Wars spinoffs there will be
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Shopper 'fatigue' hurt retail sales last week
After more than a week of retailers' biggest sales of the year, shoppers are pulling back.
As is usual, retail sales declined the first week after the week of Black Friday. Sales fell 3.1% for the week ended Dec. 1, according to a report Tuesday from the International Council of Shopping Centers and Goldman Sachs. The report represents about 40 major retail chains.
"Sales typically enter a lull period after Thanksgiving and this year appears to be no different," Michael Niemira, ICSC vice president of research and chief economist, said in a statement.
Niemira says he expects shoppers will return to stores throughout December. Overall, retail sales are still up compared with the same period a year ago.
That's not true of online sales, which dipped sharply the week ended Dec. 1. For Dec. 1 and Dec. 2, online sales declined more than 17% vs. the same two days last year, according to Chase Holiday Pulse, which provides daily updates on sales and transaction volume for 50 top e-retailers.
"It's mostly due to buying fatigue and the shift toward shopping earlier the week of Thanksgiving this year," says Shaun Abraham, director of strategic initiatives for Chase Paymentech.
"I don't think it's an anomaly that you see this drop," he says. "It's just a natural flow. You'll see this uptake happen as we get closer to next week and the Christmas holiday."
However, the American Express Spending & Saving Tracker says more people have started and finished their shopping this year than at the same point last year. Of 1,500 consumers surveyed Nov. 29 through Dec. 2, 68% said they had started holiday shopping, up from 65% a year ago. And 14% of those polled said they have finished their holiday shopping, up from 9% last year.
"Consumers as a whole have less to buy at this point than they did last year," says Melanie Backs, an American Express spokeswoman. Still, "Most aren't finished shopping for their gift list, so there's plenty more shopping to be done."
The American Express data show that of the 86% who have started but not finished their shopping, 41% say they're about a quarter done, 22% say they are halfway finished and 23% say they are 75% there.


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Pewter hoards from Roman Britain
Poor man's silver? Pewter tableware: its function, significance and contribution to our understanding of life in Roman Britain
Project team
- Lindsey Smith, project leader
- Richard Hobbs
Department of Prehistory and Europe
- Professor Mike Fulford and Dr Hella Eckardt, University Of Reading
Supported by
- Arts and Humanities Research Council (Collaborative Doctoral Award)
- The British Museum
Share this project
This project undertakes research on over 100 pieces of Romano-British pewter tableware vessels held by the British Museum. The collection has been growing since 1844 and this is the first time it has been fully researched or published.
The majority of items are bowls, platters, plates, jugs, ingots and 'vessels' and a common interpretation is that they were functional utilitarian pieces comprising of the typical Roman dining accoutrement of wealthy villa owners. However, provenance from a number of finds, has been found in areas not typically associated with a high number of Roman villas, such as the Fens in East Anglia and other wet or watery places.
Alternative interpretations drawing on scientific analysis of alloy composition, wear marks, inscriptions, shapes and form will be considered and, to date, evidence rarely shows indications of major wear due to use. Added to the fact that pewter is a soft material (with high lead content), and is therefore not necessarily suitable for use at the table, this evidence challenges the traditional interpretation.
Evidence from hoards that have included pewter, and depositional data, will form a major part of this research and will aim to address wider social, economic, religious, political and art-historical issues. For example, the project will look at the relationship of vessel forms to contemporary ceramics and silver vessels, the connection with literacy and early Christian iconography and the relationship with continental finds of pewter.
The results of this project will be published after the submission of a PhD thesis in 2010.
The main objectives are:
- To help the British Museum understand the significance of this important collection and to circulate the data to stimulate wider debate concerning how we study value-laden artefacts
- Construct a detailed catalogue recording shape and form, wear marks, inscriptions and more to form the framework from which comparable questions can be made
- Improve our knowledge of the styles and functional use of pewter and juxtapose this against other ranges of artefacts (ceramics, glass, metals) across regional and continental parallels
- Improve on the chronology and perhaps show how varied habits of metal-working were in different regions amongst different communities
- Go beyond the physical object–contextual perspective and enhance existing theories of pewter use by taking account of regional and cultural diversities.


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Chic style and functionality combine with this beautiful storage bench, inspired by distinguished designer Joanna Gaines. You'll have the perfect spot to take a seat or stow personal items with the sturdy pine construction, scalloped edging and a lift-top seat with hidden storage below. Add vintage charm to any porch or entryway with the distressed, painted finish.
Magnolia Home is the popular furniture brand from HGTV Fixer Upper stars Chip and Joanna Gaines. Known worldwide for a fresh, farmhouse-inspired style, the Gaines' designs can be found in extensive collection for dining room, bedroom and living room. Each piece is design with family use in mind while still maintaining relaxed sophistication. Magnolia Home includes collections for children's furniture and accessories so that every room in the house is made meaningful and beautiful. Homemakers is the only retailer in Des Moines to carry Magnolia Home furniture.
Learn more about Magnolia Home
Here at Homemakers, we've been making your house a home for more than 40 years and are now one of the largest showrooms in the state. We're happy to have friends like you shop with us, both in store and online! Explore the links below to learn more.
Please see above for the estimated time this product will be available in our facility. When placing your order, you may request a delivery date during the checkout process. The next steps in the delivery process depend on whether the order is being delivered within the state of Iowa, or outside the state of Iowa.
Customers with delivery in the state of Iowa will choose the date for delivery during checkout. You will receive a call prior to this date with an approximate two-hour timeframe of when the delivery drivers will arrive.
Customers with delivery outside the state of Iowa may request a delivery date during the checkout process. This date is not guaranteed but we will try to get as close to this date as possible. Once the items leave our facility, the carrier will contact you within 5-10 business days to schedule your actual delivery date and time.
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See more about our shipping and delivery policies.
Merchandise reselection or returns are available on merchandise excluding clearance, custom orders, bed products (mattress, box spring, bed pillows, adjustable bases) and delivery charges. Item must be in its original condition and accompanied by a sales receipt within 30 days after delivery or pickup (10 days for rugs and accessories). Shipping and delivery charges are not refundable. The cost of return shipping or delivery will be deducted from your refund. Refunds will be issued on merchandise (excluding "AS IS" products, custom orders and delivery/shipping charges) upon return of the merchandise to Homemakers. Refunds are processed in the same manner as the payment was received, except for cash and gift cards. Cash payments will be refunded via corporate check. For gift cards, Homemakers will issue a new gift card for the amount being refunded.


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These crash protectors feature our stylish, aerodynamic Aero Bobbins and are available in black or white. Suitable for the yamaha YZF-R1 '09-10, they can be fitted on their own or in conjunction with our lower/rear set of crash protectors for additional protection (see Related Products).
R&G Aero Bobbins are a stylish, aerodynamic, teardrop shaped bobbin improving on the original good looks of our highly successful and popular standard round bobbins. Fitted with a removable end cap which hides the bobbins fittings, this sleek new design looks superb and is a winner on road and track!
R&G Aero Bobbins from R&G Racing - the market leaders in crash protection and the only insurance approved crash protectors on the market. As used by some of the worlds top race teams, what better endorsement do you need! R&G Racing innovation not imitation!
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Submitted by Anonymous
- 48:04
- 1515
- 2019-05-12 23:02:26
Angellina walked into the frozen yogurt place we decided to post up at to lick our wounds after many failed attempts at landing some hot MILF action for the day. She was doing a little recreational shopping while she waited for her kid to be out of school. Levi struck up a conversation with her, and she was immediately very personable. She mentioned how she enjoys dancing as a hobby and how good she was at it. Levi took the opportunity to ask her for some lessons, and I think she knew what he was after all along. She agreed right away since her husband stopped paying any attention to her for such a long time now and instead was content with paying off the credit cards she just kept racking up with charges. Once we got to our new NUT HUT, the dancing lesson was cut short, and the banging went into full swing mode. She had a great ass and was phenomenal at sucking cock.
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Hunting for the right ring? Our quality laser engraved comfort fit tungsten outdoor rings are sure to be a hit with any outdoor enthusiast. This deer cross turkey ring is the perfect combination for those who see God's fingerprints throughout nature.
Be sure to check out some of our other designs which include ducks, fishing, deer, bowhunting, elk, bears and more. Other traditional wedding bands are also available. Custom ring designs available including custom sizes up to size 20 (email email@example.com).
Please read before buying:
Tungsten Carbide is highly scratch resistant, and will resist abrasions better than any other metal, but should not be considered scratch proof. Perhaps the best way to describe it is as a ceramic-like metal with incredible wear resistance, which is why it has been used in the tooling, defense, and aerospace industries. Whereas gold has a rating of 3 on the Mohs hardness scale and titanium a 6, tungsten metal rates somewhere between 8 and 9, giving it the best comparable resistance to scratching, and subsequently, tarnishing as well.
This hardness also makes a tungsten ring unbendable, which in an emergency removes the risks related to having a softer metal ring bend and crush around your finger. In the event medical personnel need to remove a tungsten ring and the hand is too swollen to remove it normally, a tool such as vise grips can be employed to snap the ring with negligible collateral damage (especially when compared to having to cut off a gold ring, for example). Subsequently, you should avoid significant impact against hard surfaces (dropping or slamming onto concrete, for example), as Tungsten is not indestructible.
The many advantages of tungsten, including the wear resistance as well as the smoothness and durability of laser etched designs make for its increasing popularity as wedding bands. We just want to make sure our customers are aware of the facts vs myths when it comes to caring for what to many of our customers is a sentimental keepsake!
Made of Tungsten Carbide
Laser Engraved (design is engraved 1 time)
Width: 8mm
Package includes: 1 ring, and ring box
All orders are insured with a 60 day money back guarantee (excluding custom rings, and custom engraved items). Click here to view our policy. Warranty and Shipping Policy


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21 Feb 2019
Confessions of a Reluctant Food Historian
Lizzie Collingham
4 Dec 2018
'Where do we fit in?' Black and Asian British History on the Curriculum
Afua Hirsch, Dr Jonathan Saha, Professor Claire Alexander, Suhaiymah Manzoor-Khan, Professor Hakim Adi, Dr Nick Dennis, Caleb Femi, Momtaza Mehri, and Hannah Lowe
14 Jun 2016
Princely education and colonial improvements in nineteenth century India
Teresa Segura-Garcia (University of Cambridge), Callie Wilkinson (University of Cambridge)
3 Mar 2016
War, the state, and the formation of the North Korean industrial working class, 1931-1960
Dr Owen Miller (SOAS)
19 Feb 2016
Capitalism, Colonialism & Silver Harun Farocki, The Silver & the Cross 17 mins
Kodwo Eshun (Goldsmiths) and Juan Grigera (UCL)
10 Dec 2015
No Country for Old Crocodiles: Fraudulent Paperworks, the Commodity Fetish, and Political Ecology in Colonial Burma
Dr Jonathan Saha (University of Leeds)
2 Oct 2015
Marxism and the Maritime: The nineteenth-century colonial steamship as an exemplary space of modernity
Jonathan Stafford (Kingston)
7 May 2015
autour de son livre Heroic Imperialists in Africa. The Promotion of British and French Colonial Heroes, 1870–1939 (Manchester, 2013)
Berny Sèbe (Birmingham)
11 Feb 2015
John William Colenso, Bishop of Natal, and William Colenso of New Zealand: Nineteenth Century Protestant Missionary Cousins in Conflict with their Bishops and Colonial Governors
Gwilym Colenso (London)
13 Nov 2014
'An imperial tour'. Le voyage de Lord Curzon en 1903 ou "l'achèvement" d'un siècle de politique anglo-indienne dans le Golfe?
Guillemette Crouzet (Paris 4)
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The information provided here is a general summary about each of the medicines listed below. Only the most general side effects are included. Ask your doctor if you need to take any special steps for your care plan. Use each of these medicines only as recommended by your doctor. Follow the instructions that are given to you. If you have questions about usage or side effects, contact your doctor.
There are a variety of medicines available to treat pain and inflammation. They are often used in combination. This may increase benefits, but can also increase side-effects.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) process is different in everyone. It may take some time to find the right combination of medicine for you with the lowest number of side effects.
Prescription Medications
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Naproxen
- Ketoprofen
- Ibuprofen
- Indomethacin
- Sulindac
- Meclofenamate
- Ketorolac
- Piroxicam
- Diclofenac sodium
Cyclooxgenase-2 or COX-2 inhibitors
- Celecoxib
- Meloxicam
Nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
- Azathioprine
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cyclosporin
- D-penicillamine
- Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
- Leflunomide
- Methotrexate
- Sulfasalazine
Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
- TNF-inhibitors
- Interleukin-1 receptor blockers
- Biologic response modifier and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
- Monoclonal antibody
- Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist
- Prednisone
- Methylprednisolone
Over-the-counter Medications
- Acetaminophen
- Capsaicin cream
Prescription Medications
Common names include:
- Naproxen
- Ketoprofen
- Ibuprofen
- Indomethacin
- Sulindac
- Meclofenamate
- Ketorolac
- Piroxicam)
- Diclofenac sodium
Although some NSAIDs are available as over-the-counter medications, you may still be given a prescription in order to obtain a higher dosage. NSAIDs help decrease inflammation, swelling, and joint pain.
Be sure to take NSAIDs with food to decrease the chance of stomach irritation.
Drinking alcoholic beverages or taking other NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, aspirin, or steroids while you are already using an NSAID can increase your risk of side effects.
Possible side effects include:
- Stomach upset
- Stomach ulcers
- Kidney damage
- Liver inflammation
- Confusion or lightheadedness
- Severe allergic reaction, such as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling around the eyes
- Increased risk of bleeding—always inform your doctors that you're taking an NSAID before having any medical or dental procedures or surgeries
- Asthma
- Possible increased risk of heart attack
Common names include:
- Celecoxib
- Meloxicam
COX-2 inhibitors work in a way similar to NSAIDs, helping to decrease inflammation, swelling, and joint pain. The way the medications do this allows them to work without causing the same degree of stomach irritation. In particular, COX-2 inhibitors cause fewer stomach ulcers than NSAIDs do. There is an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes associated with these medications. Doctors generally reserve them for use in people who can't take traditional NSAIDs and who have no risk factors for heart disease.
Drinking alcoholic beverages or taking NSAIDs, aspirin, or steroids while you are using a COX-2 inhibitor can increase your risk of side effects.
Possible side effects include:
- Stomach upset
- Stomach ulcers
- Liver inflammation
- Confusion
- Severe allergic reaction, such as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling around the eyes
- Kidney disease
- Heart failure
- Asthma
- Increased risk of bleeding—always inform your doctors that you're taking a COX-2 Inhibitor before having any medical or dental procedures or surgeries
Common names include:
- D-penicillamine
- Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
- Methotrexate
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cyclosporine
- Azathioprine
- Leflunomide
These drugs are given in an effort to slow or halt the progression of RA. They are all immunosuppressive agents. Because RA is believed to be caused by an overactive immune system, it is hoped that calming the immune system's activity will slow the progression of the disease.
Possible side effects include:
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Liver inflammation
- Bladder inflammation
- Kidney damage
- Nerve damage
- High blood pressure
- Infections
- Lung inflammation
- Muscle and nerve inflammation
Common names include:
- Prednisone
- Methylprednisolone
Corticosteroids are very potent anti-inflammatory agents and are given to reduce swelling, inflammation, and joint pain.
Possible side effects for short-term use (about three weeks or less) include:
- Difficulty sleeping
- Increased appetite
- Mood swings, increased emotionality
- Increases in blood pressure
- Increased blood sugar (especially in people with diabetes)
Possible side effects for long-term use (about 3 weeks or longer) include:
- Weakening of the immune system and an increased risk of developing infections
- Osteoporosis
- Cataracts
- Glaucoma
- Indigestion, gastritis
Common names include:
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors, such as:
- Etanercept—restricted in the US
- Infliximab
- Adalimumab
- Golimumab
- Certolizumab
- Interleukin-1 receptor inhibitors—anakinra
- Biologic response modifier and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)—abatacept
- Monoclonal antibody—rituximab
- Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist—tocilizumab
These medications are given when other drugs haven't worked. Etanercept, adalimumab, and anakinra are given by injection. Infliximab, orencia, and rituximab are given by IV. They can help decrease the symptoms of RA by reducing certain inflammatory proteins that cause them. They may also increase your risk of contracting infections. You need to inform your healthcare provider that you are taking these medications before you get any immunizations. Also TNF-inhibitors can increase the risk of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and other types of cancer in children and adolescents.
Before you start taking any of these medications, you will need a tuberculosis (TB) test to make sure you don't have a hidden case of tuberculosis. You will need to have your heart monitored while you take this medication. Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you develop any of the following symptoms after receiving one of these medications:
- Chest pain
- Difficulty breathing
- Fever and chills
- Productive cough
- Itching
- Hives
- Flushed face
- Rashes
- Confusion
- Weakness
- Injection site reactions
Over-the-counter Medications
Acetaminophen can be helpful in relieving some of the pain associated with RA. Do not take a larger dose than is recommended. Don't drink alcoholic beverages while you are taking acetaminophen.
Common brand name: Zostrix
Capsaicin cream is rubbed on the skin of an affected joint to relieve the pain and inflammation of RA.
It is made using the active ingredient of hot chili peppers. Some people prefer to wear rubber gloves while applying the cream. If you do not, be sure to wash your hands very thoroughly with soap and water after using the cream. Be very careful not to get the cream near your eyes, as it will burn and sting. If you do get some in your eyes, flush them thoroughly with cool water.
Possible side effects include burning, stinging, or warm sensation when first applied to the skin.
Special Considerations
If you are taking medications, follow these general guidelines:
- Take the medication as directed. Do not change the amount or the schedule.
- Ask what side effects could occur. Report them to your doctor.
- Talk to your doctor before you stop taking any prescription medication.
- Do not share your prescription medication.
- Medications can be dangerous when mixed. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking more than one medication, including over-the-counter products and supplements.
- Plan ahead for refills as needed.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board
- Review Date: 11/2018 -
- Update Date: 06/13/2019 -


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Posts Tagged 'Read/Write World'
The Strong, Weak, Open, and Transparent
So, it's been a couple of years since I've felt compelled to post to this blog, but I think it's high time for an update. I'm just going to quickly touch on a few of things I'm excited about, having just attended Augmented Reality Event 2011.
Things in the Augmented Reality world have progressed rapidly, if not as rapidly as I might once have imagined they would. In one of my first posts, I closed with an idea about streaming one's first-person POV to a giant Microsoft Photosynth system in the cloud. The Bing Maps team, under Blaise Aguera y Arcas and Avi Bar-Zeev, is doing exactly that. With Read / Write World, Microsoft is developing what I think will be the foundation of what Blaise called "Strong AR." This is in contrast with the "weak," strictly sensor-based AR applications that we're seeing on mobile devices at the moment.
To clarify, there are two paradigms of current AR usage:
One of these two is local vision-based AR using marker or texture tracking to position virtual objects relative to a camera's perspective. This is done by calculating the homography that describes the relationship between the captured image of the tracked pattern, and the original pattern. From this, one generates translation and orientation matrices for the placement of virtual content in the scene. This is Strong AR, but on a local scale and without a connection to a coordinate system linked to the world as a whole.
The other is the AR found in most mobile apps like Layar and Wikitude. The information visualized through these apps is placed using a combination of geolocation and orientation derived from the sensors found in smartphones. These sensors are the components of a MARG array: triaxial magnetometric, accelerometric, and gyroscopic sensors. By knowing a user's position and orientation, which are together referred to as a user's pose, one nominally knows what a user is looking at, and inserts content into the scene. The problem with this method is one of resolution and accuracy, and this is what Blaise was referring to as "weak." This method, however, provides an easy means by which to place data out in the broader world, if not with precise registration.
The future of Strong AR is the fusion of these two paradigms, and this is what Read / Write World is being developed for. The underlying language of the system is called RML, or Reality Markup Language. Already, if photographic data for a location exists in the system, and one uploads a new image with metadata placing it nearby, the Read / Write World can return the homography matrix. According to Blaise's statements during his Augmented Reality Event keynote, pose relative to the existing media is determined with accuracy down to the centimeter. And the new image becomes part of the database, so users will constantly be refining and updating the system's knowledge of the world.
Anyhow, I think Read / Write World has the potential to be the foundation for everything that I, and so many others, have envisioned. That's on the infrastructure side.
So what about the hardware?
In the last couple of years, mobile devices have really grown up, and are getting to, or have reached, the point where they pack enough processing power to be the core of a real Strong AR system. Qualcomm has positioned itself as one of the most important entities in Augmented Reality, providing an AR SDK optimized for their hardware, on which most Android and Windows Mobile platforms are based. In a surprising move, at ARE, they announced that they are bringing their AR SDK to the iOS platform as well.
With peripheral sensor support and video output, we've got almost everything we need to be able to connect a pair of see-through display glasses (more on those in a little bit) to one of these mobile devices for AR experience. But the best that those connections can provide is a "weak" AR experience. Why? Because the connectors don't support external cameras. True, there are devices like the Looxcie, but the resolution and framerate are paltry, and are a limitation of the Bluetooth connection. On top of that, the integrated cameras in mobile devices are wired at a low-level to the graphics cores of their processors and dump the video feed directly into the framebuffers, facilitating the use of optimized processing methods, such as Qualcomm's. What we need is the inclusion of digital video input in the device connectors, providing the same sort of low-level access to the video subsystems of the devices. This is absolutely vital to being able to use visual information from the camera(s) on a pair of glasses for their intended purpose of real-time pose estimation.
So… glasses…
At ARE I got to try out a Vuzix prototype that finally delivers what I'd hoped to see with the AV920 Wrap. The new device is called the STAR 1200, for See-Through Augmented Reality. It looks a little funny in the picture, but don't worry about the frame. The optical engine is removable and the final unit's frame will probably look substantially different. It provides stereo 852×480 displays projected into optically see-through lenses and, let me tell you, it looks good. It is a great first step towards something suitable for mass adoption. The limited field of view coverage means that it won't provide a truly immersive experience for gaming and the like, but again, it is a great first step. Now before I get your hopes up, this device will be priced for the professional and research markets, like the Wrap 920AR. Vuzix isn't a big enough company to bust this market open on its own. But once apps are developed and the market grows, we'll see this technology reaching consumer-accessible price points. I'm going to refrain from predictions of timeframe this time around, but I think that things are very much on track. Also, keep in mind that this is a different technology than the Raptyr, the prototype that Vuzix showed at CES this year. The Raptyr's displays utilize holographic waveguides, while the STAR 1200 is built around more traditional optics. I did get to see another Vuzix prototype technology in private, and can't say anything about it, but it is very promising.
One last development that has me very excited is Google's new Open Android Accessory Development Kit. It's based on the Arduino platform, making it instantly accessible to hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of existing experimenters, developers, and hardware hackers, including myself. This opens up all kinds of possibilities for custom human interface devices.
Okay. That's it for today, but I'll write again soon. I promise.