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text:
Laguna College of Art & Design has a new library, a new exhibit, two new curriculum tracks and 23 new students to start the New Year.
"Enrollment for the spring semester is 440 full-time students from 23 states and 18 countries," LCAD President Jonathan Burke told the City Council at the Jan. 24 meeting.
The semester started Jan. 16.
Entertainment Illustration is being offered in the illustration major, which focuses on storyboarding, visual development for live-action television, film and animation, environmental design for performance venues and theme parks, and digital matte painting for live-action film and animation.
Action Sports Design in the graphic design major concentrates on print, packaging, video, websites and visual merchandising applicable for companies like Hurley, Nike and Volcom.
Burke announced that art by college staff and students who participated in the summer study abroad program is exhibited in City Hall through March 9, and he reported that faculty member Mia Tavonatti recently won the largest art award in the country — the 2011 ArtPrize — for her 13-by-9 foot glass mosaic.
"The piece will be installed in the new St. Kilian's Catholic Church in Orange," Burke said. "We've all seen her work. She created the mosaic on the front of Laguna Drug on Broadway."
Burke also announced an exhibition of animation art by Chris Sanders that began Jan. 26 and will run through Feb. 13.
Sanders was an animator on "Beauty and the Beast," "The Lion King," and "Mulan." He co-directed "Lilo & Stitch" and "How to Train Your Dragon."
A reception was scheduled for Thursday, at which Sanders was to sign his new book.
The college's new library will be dedicated Wednesday, Burke said.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
No place to chicken out
Those in search of adventurous dining options will be pleased by Rain Modern Chinese
"How am I supposed to eat this again?" one of my friends asked, a slick, orange chicken foot pinned between his fingers during dim sum at Rain Modern Chinese.
The best way, I told him, is to simply put the fried foot in your mouth and chew. Don't try to pick it apart with a fork. Just move your tongue and teeth around until the skin and tendons start to slide off the bone.
"When the bones start to fall away, just spit them out," I told him. "Pretend they're sunflower seeds." Besides slippery, oyster sauce-drenched chicken feet, you can tack a few other culinary conquests to your list after a stop at Rain as well: Beef tripe — the edible lining of a cow's stomach — is boiled for hours until tender, then marinated even longer in ginger juice and scallion; a flounder filet is sauteed and served with its fried skeleton; coconut cream is gelatinized into milky, shivering cubes of jelly.
Two years after opening his second Shogun, a Madison Avenue Japanese haunt, owner Frank Lee invested nearly a half-million dollars a few blocks away to turn the shuttered Lark Street Planned Parenthood building into Rain. The fare here is what Lee, a Hong Kong native, grew up with, though it is not limited to eccentricities. Lee admits he'd like his traditional or fusion-warped Cantonese offerings to be the draw, but has included Americanized standards like spring rolls and Kung Pao chicken to appease the less adventurous. Much of the menu arrives in eye-catching presentation that you'll snap on your cellphone camera before picking apart.
Dumplings are skewered with toothpicks and straddled over small shot glasses filled with carrot-and-ginger bisque for Shu Mai Shooters ($9). You can either simultaneously sip some of the spicy-sweet, fragrant soup while you bite into the dumplings or squeeze them into the bottom of the glass, letting them soak up the bisque. Chicken wings are sliced open, the meat shoved to one side and the other filled with shredded shrimp. The stuffed wings are fried and served in gravy-lined martini glasses to create Shrimp Stuffed Crispy Chicken Lollipops ($9).
But Rain is more than funky fare and presentation. Light, distinct, memorable flavors shine through much of the menu, a reflection of Cantonese cuisine, which tends to be both less spicy and hearty than recipes from Shanghai or Szechuan. One of Lee's childhood favorites, clams with black bean sauce ($15), are piled high, the open, longneck shells the size of small fists. Mixed with hints of ginger, garlic and oyster sauce — you'll find those three tastes often here — the beans could have been fermented a bit longer to pack more of a punch, but still slathered over the clam meat just fine.
The crowd was an eclectic mix: Older men in bespoke suits sat with their wives near a table of twenty-something guys with their hats on backwards; two tables were solo diners reading books; a nearly identical melange of guests was there when I went back for dim sum a few days later.
A distinctly modernized space, Rain has a streaming, silent waterfall to greet guests on their way up the stairs from the street. Each interior wall is lit with neon. Seats and booths are carved out of sleek black wood, and off-white marble fills the room. Its windows wide and sprawling, Rain fills with daylight sun.
Servers, neatly dressed in all black, were gracious, their minimal conversation offset by excellent timing.
More Information
Rain Modern Chinese
259 Lark St.
Phone: 729-4827
Reservations: Accepted
Credit Cards: MC, V, D, AE
Hours: Dim sum is offered from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday and Sunday. Lunch runs the same hours Monday through Friday. Dinner is served until 10 p.m. Sunday through Thursday, until 11 p.m. Friday and Saturday.
Parking: Has its own small lot, though if it's full you'll have to search Lark Street for a spot.
Handicapped-accessible: Main entrance, no, but there is a wheelchair ramp at the back of the restaurant. Everything inside is handicapped-friendly.
Attire: Dress casual
Price: Lunch and dim sum, $$; dinner, $$$.
Food: *** Huge array of Cantonese classics mixed with some Asian-fusion options.
Beverage: ** Decent mixed drinks, but minimal wine and beer options.
Service: *** Friendly and knowledgeable, not overly conversational, timely.
Ambience: *** Ultra-modern, quiet and comfortable for an eclectic mix of guests.
Personality: **1/2 Can come across as trying to be too hip, or too many things at once, but you'll leave wanting to come back.
Overall rating: ***
Beverage choices could use a boost. The mixed drinks are solid but mostly tropical, with a seemingly out-of-place, Polynesian, coconut-centric theme. Lee says he went with the island theme because, for reasons unknown to him, most Cantonese restaurants he visited in the 1970s featured Polynesian drinks. Aside from some Asian brews, the beer and wine selections are reasonably priced but minimal and uninspired.
Though dim sum, served Saturdays and Sundays, runs at just $3.75 or $4.75 per item, dinner is more expensive than any other Chinese food in the area besides Ala Shanghai in Latham, with most entrees running between $15 to $20. Combined with a separate lunch menu, the options at Rain are vast, totaling more than 100.
We found mostly hits, but a few misses. A strip steak entree ($18) tasted of fine beef but was too thin for the sizzling plate it was served on, turning our medium-rare cut to nearly medium-well. Foie gras dumplings ($12) were succulent and served with a superb red vinegar blend, though that sinfully decadent fatty flavor is largely lost when wrapped up and steamed. If I didn't know what was inside the dumplings, it would have taken me a few guesses to get it right.
Rain's dim sum was the highlight. That's where you'll find the chewy tripe, a ball of beef with bean-curd skin and addictive creamy cubes of coconut jelly. Chinese pork sausage and vegetables are whipped into sticky rice and folded up into a lotus leaf. Sausage is also steamed and pressed into chopped turnip, which is then reformed into a cake and pan-fried. If you mix in some chicken feet, remember your best bet is to just grab one and chew.
email@example.com • 518-454-5414 • @BFitzgeraldTU


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text:
This one is the big kahuna. The full monty. The one that got away…
…but not this time.
This time you snagged it, reeled it in, and grilled it for dinner.
This is the future of book publishing, and we are living in it. It has never been easier for a writer to reach millions of people globally than it is right now. Amazon continues to push its prices lower on Kindles and get them into as many hands as possible. And contrary to recent statements by union-type elites loyal to the author and consumer gouging practices of the Big 6, successful companies that verge on monopolizing any field do not raise prices but lower them. Consumers and creators benefit. As J.A. Konrath so unabashedly pointed out, it's cartels and unions that are suffering, and are therefore throwing a hissy fit.
What's the point?
The fact that you're missing out on free money as I type this should be at least one motivating factor in getting you to start, finish, or prepare your manuscript for sale as an ebook. Yes, I write because I believe words change culture; I also write because I am compelled to be obedient to what I sense the Holy Spirit is calling me to, and to steward the talent he's given me; as a blood-bought Christian, I will receive a reward (or lack thereof) in proportion to how I stewarded my gifts here on planet Earth. But I also write because it's added income for my family, and as a husband and father I care a great deal about being faithful to them. You may not share my spiritual beliefs, but you probably share some of my economic ones.
Selling ebooks is probably the simplest, fastest, and most expansive return on my writing investment I've seen yet.
Granted, some authors will sell only a very little. Good books sell, and you should never fault consumers for poor sales performance. Other authors will sell gobs. The man I've mentioned above has hit $75,000-$100,000 USD/week multiple times in 2012. He's fascinating to study, and to read. [Disclaimer to my younger readers: Konrath is brilliant, but at times he's very vulgar so please have a parent per-read a new post if you're unsure].
Me? I'm already making more per month than I ever have with my legacy publishers, and I expect my ebook sales to catch up with 6 months of combined print sales in less than 40 days.
As I'll discuss tomorrow, I'm still experimenting with promotional tactics and trying to isolate what works and what doesn't. Proper marketing is a fascinating and ever changing beast.
eBook Conversion
Probably the easiest part of self-publishing, and ironically the most cost-effective and lucrative, waits until the end of this whole process. That is unless you have no intention of providing print editions (which would go against the ideology of providing your books to as many people as possible across every available platform).
All the work you did to organize, edit and layout your manuscript, and to craft and refine a cover, now translates easily into creating an ebook. Essentially the conversion process takes the guts of your text and the front face of your cover and merges them together. If you're skipping the print edition, then having a finished Word file and a front cover design are all you need.
As mentioned yesterday, I use Glendon & Tabatha Haddix of Streetlight Graphics for all my ebook conversions (and I plan to for a while to come). Here's a little reasoning on why.
Knowing I'm a geek (nerds don't make money; geeks do), I felt strongly I could attempt converting my own books. I read multiple tutorials on using MS Word and Adobe InDesign to convert manuscripts to ebooks. Given the amount of extraneous code that Word puts on the back end of a document, and the fact that I generally loathe even opening it (I prefer less clunky, more resource friendly and sleeker applications like TextEdit, Evernote and Scrivener) I decided to put most of my time into using InDesign.
I read tutorials, watched how-to guides, and even had some great dialogue with Adobe staff and one noted independent industry guru (all of whom were very helpful, by the way). But my final products never seemed to add up to something I felt represented my books, and I was sure they'd infuriate my readers. Knowing I had one chance to make my e-reading public happy, I needed a better option.
Kindle will help you convert a manuscript – at least to Kindle. When you create your free Kindle Direct Publishing account, they have options where you can have a KDP tech look at your PDF and give you a quote for converting it. Their base price says $69.00 USD. But my quote came back as $179.00 USD for each title of The White Lion Chronicles, as my PDFs had some "layering issues" they would not elaborate on. Ouch.
But having KDP convert for me was only a quarter of the problem. Since they only convert for Kindle – and holding to my "provide my books in as many formats as possible" mantra – I still had to find a way to convert for all the other formats, including Nook, Kobo, Adobe Digital Editions, Smashwords, Sony eReaders and Apple iBooks.
And people wonder where all my hair went.
By this point in the process I was tired and frustrated. I was emailing my fellow Spearhead authors looking for answers. One of their generous friends from a church in Seattle attempted to assist me; but even he, a former Amazon employee and conversion tech, was having trouble because things had changed since when he left a year ago. (Gulp).
That's when Wayne Thomas Batson forwarded us all a link to Streetlight. At first none of us could believe their prices were legit. (Their cover prices as well as their package deals are amazing too!). So I wrote them to inquire.
Within a few hours I had a personal reply. What seemed too good to be true turned out to be better than too good. It was great. Not only would they format for Kindle for under $69.00 USD like KDP had quoted me, but they'd also convert to all the other formats I needed for under $69.00 USD per title!
I was beside myself.
Following the recommendation of friends I went and purchased a few randomly selected ebooks Streetlight had done, and the quality was above anything I could produce (and to date I've received zero negative feedback – a first for any reading format for me). Glendon & Tabatha are first class communicators and converters.
Distributing Online
Within one month I had The White Lion Chronicles ready to upload to all ebook distributing channels. Here's what you'll need to do the same.
1.) Open a free account with Kindle Direct Publishing. This will allow you to distribute your ebook to the largest seller in the world. And my own numbers prove it: more than 90% of my sales are on Kindle. You don't need an ISBN; KDP has its own internal means of assigning yours books identification, though you can use your own ISBN if you have one.
2.) Open a free PubIt! account with Barnes & Noble which will allow you to distribute to the Nook. The Nook accounts for 2% of my sales to date. Like KDP, PubIt! doesn't require an ISBN number and will track your ebook internally, but they'll use your ISBN if you supply it.
3.) Open a free Smashwords account. Smashwords is great because it will allow you to reach all the other digital devices and formats out there, including Apple's iBooks, and making your manuscript available as a viewable or printable PDF (I feel sorry for that printer!). Unlike KDP and PubIt!, Smashwords does require you to have an ISBN. It's important to note that you can not use your physical book's ISBN for your digital books. Your print book and you ebook are separate products (even though they have the same title), so they require different identification. Smashwords has their own batches of ISBNs that – like CreateSpace – list them as an associated entity with you, but does not infringe on your legal or moral rights or royalties. Until I feel like shelling out $1,000.00 USD for a block of 1,000 ISBNs from Bowker, this is the route I went. (Yes, you can buy less ISBNs from Bowker at a time, but the price is ridiculous).
One last note on Smashwords: in order for your book to be listed in something like Apple's iBook Store, your book must meet their Premium status. Essentially, it needs to be a properly formatted, clean conversion that meets strict guidelines. Which Streetlight's conversions do. It took almost 3 weeks (as your books wait in line), but eventually they were approved (something you see noted in your Smashwords dashboard).
Why not publish through Apple directly? You certainly can. But Apple tends to work faster with large representation companies (like Smashwords) that funnel huge quantities of titles and authors to them. Plus there's no guarantee they'll accept your application (they tend to be picky). There's no real cost benefit either way, and it's just one less account I have to monitor. I'm used to this already as my digital music is distributed through a San Francisco based company called IODA that supplies over 350 online retailers with my music, including Apple's iTunes.
Streetlight provides a free step-by-step guide on how to upload your books and list them, and they alert you to any pitfalls in the process. It needs revising for 2012, but is a very simple and methodical overview of what to expect, and outlines just what you get when they convert your manuscript. (Astounding).
Pricing your ebooks can be a bit daunting. And the truth is you'll never really know what works for you until you experiment. KDP has set the standard for the most part. At the time of my writing, they have two royalty brackets you can operate within: 30% for books set between $.99 and $2.98 USD, and 70% for books set at $2.99 USD and up. There are many articles and opinions on the best performing price points and why, but you risk getting so distracted you never end up setting a price point at all. All my books are set at $2.99 USD across all digital platforms at present; I may experiment later with dropping that further to $.99 USD.
There is a lot of discussion about the merits of selling ebooks for free in order to grow a fan base. While PubIt! and Smashwords allow this, Kindle does not, unless you're a directly endorsed Amazon-published author (a whole other subject outside of this guide). KDP will only allow $.99 USD as their lowest price point. I'll discuss the pros and cons of free in tomorrow's subject of promotion.
The Future Is Calling
Publishing in the digital world is still in its infancy. But one thing is clear: it's not going anywhere. Innovators will emerge, new companies will be birthed, and world literacy will grow – one of the best results I can think of.
I've heard it rumored that 10 is the magic number. Once an author has 10 titles to his or her name, their money-making abilities are firmly ensconced in the digital world. Call it an algorithm, a hunch, or a marketing ploy by Amazon to get more titles on their virtual shelves, the fact is that that premise will most likely mean little to you if you're not writing.
So stop reading this and get back to writing. ch:
24 Comments
Billy Jepma · 17 Mar '12 at 9:49 am
Once again (again) this post just fills me with all types of excitement! I'm going to stop commenting and go write now!
Gabe · 17 Mar '12 at 2:14 pm
These are great! (bring on that $.99 cent ebook with additional content :P)
What do you not like about using MS Word to format your books? Why is there a difference between the end product of the MS Word doc, and the professionally formatted ebook?
Gabe · 17 Mar '12 at 4:19 pm
Random question: what are you going to write now that you've finished The White Lion Chronicles (once Bernifell 3 is done)?
Gabe · 17 Mar '12 at 4:51 pm
New trilogy?! OBOY!!!!!!!
What genre is it? When will you publish it??? *explodes from excitement*
And nonfiction books on ministry and leadership sound equally awesome.
Naomi · 17 Mar '12 at 6:20 pm
Hey Christopher! So are the second edition books that are on Facebook re-edited? Or do they have the same text?
Wayne Thomas Batson · 17 Mar '12 at 7:44 pm
Nice series, CH. I know you know how anxious I am to get some ebooks out there. It'll be great to have this series of posts as a plug through the process. Thanks, Bro!
Sarah · 18 Mar '12 at 9:00 am
Thanks so much for doing these posts, Sir Hopper. I'm hoping that eventually, I'll write something I like enough to try and publish, and when I do, these will definitely be really helpful.
On that subject, what's the general price for publishing something, both for publishing ebooks and for having actual print copies available? My parents say it's super-expensive, but a lot of what I've heard makes it sound like it's not really expensive. So, can you tell me what the reality is?
Oh, and I'm very excited to hear that you're working on new books, especially the action/thriller ones, and even more so since you said the first one is nearly done!
Thanks again for doing these posts!
Sarah · 21 Mar '12 at 8:11 am
Thanks so much for answering my question, Sir Hopper! I really appreciate it!
Diana Nesbitt · 19 Mar '12 at 1:56 pm
Thanks for these posts, Christopher! I've really been enjoying them. I'd heard a little bit about self-publishing a while ago but the information wasn't as knowledgeable or positive as this, so I'm giving it a second thought now – that is, if I can ever discipline myself to get something ready to publish. 😉
Jake · 28 Mar '12 at 1:08 pm
Great post!
I recently went through this process as well, albeit on a much smaller scale. The novella that I published is a bit over a hundred pages, so I didn't have to deal with length and I also published with KDP only. It went live today, actually. Much excitement there!
I did all the formatting myself, however. (The only thing I spent money on was a cover, actually.) I figured out how to do active links for the Table of Contents, page breaks, and whatnot. I just did it all in Word, converted it to HTML, converted THAT to PRC and then uploaded it. (It probably helps that the original draft of the novel was written in Word format.) As far as I know, the formatting of the eBook is fine, and it looks great on my Kindle Fire. But for future reference (and because I may look into other eBook formats), it'll be good to know the stuff that you talked about in this blog post. 🙂 Thanks for writing!
Outliers: A Corrective For Simplistic Thinking « The Upside · 9 Apr '12 at 5:31 pm
[…] Hopper has written extensively on the emerging wave of self-publishing. You can read about that here. It most certainly will be a force in the literary world in the days to come. But it needed a […]
Outliers and Factors of Success « The Upside · 21 Jan '13 at 4:41 pm
[…] Hopper has written extensively on the emerging wave of self-publishing. You can read about that here. It most certainly will be a force in the literary world in the days to come. But it needed a […]


text:
The IPCC report is out, "An Inconvenient Truth" has been honored by the academy, a sea change is happening in the way that climate change news is being reported, and you can bet the Right Wing and the Ree-pubs are as we speak working up new Talking Points and Spins to deflate the urgency of the issue. It is an axiom that in reporting science, there are two (not one, not three or four, just two) sides to every issue, and one side is the plank nailed to the Democratic Party Platform, and the other side is the plank nailed to the Ree-pub Party Platform. This is a truth as stable and reliable as the fact that Home Depot will always sell 2" X 4" studs and plywood in 4′ X 8′ foot pieces. We are already seeing the dubious dichotomies forming up. For instance, yes, the Antarctic Ice Sheet is sloughing off the continent, but it is opening new and wonderful opportunities for both shrimp and scientists. Yes, global warming is real and is anthropogenic, but the Average American thinks, according to Polls, that it is only the third or fourth most important issue. And so on.
The global warming debate has been running continuously since the now very obscure publication of Moment in the Sun: 1968" by Dr. Robert Rienow and Leorna Train Rienow. Most people think of the literary beginning of the environmental movement has having been "Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson, and maybe so, but for me, it was Rienow. This is partly because "Moment…" was the first book I read on the topic, one of the first "adult" books I read at all, and on those early mornings before school I was able to watch Dr. Rienow on that crazy new fangled box … the black and white TV my parents had just acquired … on a thing called "Sunrise Semester" produced by SUNY-Albany. Rienow would lecture, and he and his wife and (I assume) the occasional student would put on skits lampooning industrialists and other polluters.
I remember one day, years after having last seen Sunrise Semester, having just acquired a car and a license (at a ripe old age of 18 or so) exploring the territory south of town, along the Hudson River. I encountered an old narrow road running down into the wooded valley from a minor highway, and took the turn thinking it would lead somewhere interesting. Soon enough there was another turn onto a narrow gravel way called "Holly Hock Hollow" … that name sounded familiar, but I could not place it. So I made that turn as well. A mile and a half or so later, the road leveled off to join the floodplain of a small creek, and I started to see little wooden signs in the forest, extolling in a few words here and there the virtues of nature, and imploring the reader to "leave no trace of your visit" and "respect the trees and animals" and such. Eventually I spied, along side the road where a stone wall opened to a gate, a sign: "Holly Hock Hollow Farm ~ Robert and Leorna Rienow."
Holy Crap, I had found the very place where the professor and his wife lived. For me, it was like finding Gandolf's hideaway, or a really good used bookstore, or, well, I don't know what. Naturally, I did not have the guts to stop in and say hello, and although I drove by the place on my explorations several more times in coming years, I never bothered the couple. But my memory of that discovery will never fade (but details subject to random neural modifications, of course).
Anyway, at some point in time, I believe in the 1970s, many scientists realized that the greenhouse model was a powerful predictor, and started to believe that global warming was going to happen, even in the absence of enough clear empirical data. Keep in mind: Theories can be very powerful. A theory like the "Greenhouse Model" was very powerful, and had already been tested in a lot of contexts, including other planets. But the empirical data of change in the Earth's climate was not fully developed at that time. From this early speculative period into the 1980s (maybe the late 1980s?) the data started to come in line as well, and an increasing number of scientists were forced to conclude that global warming was underway and likely to get worse.
But we had Reagan/Bush, Reagan/Bush, Bush, (Clinton/Gore, Clinton/Gore), Bush/Cheney, Bush/Cheney in the White House, and a congress that I think on average was more often Ree-pub than DemocratIC. And Big Oil has always been powerful. So moving from informed speculation to virtual certainty by the early or mid 1990s, then to the point of hard and fast conclusions that not even dyed in the wool right wing yahoos could not deny, was delayed. It probably could have happened by the late 1990s or so, but we had to wait another seventeen years. In other words … yes, had Al Gore been inaugurated rather than the Loser Bush, this would all have happened already.
Have I got this right? Remember, we were almost there. We were there at Kyoto but some bad decisions were made and we slid back a decade or so in terms of political reality. But I admit these dates are subject to revision after a closer look. I do recall writing an article for a monthly newspaper some time around 1988 (or maybe 1990?) that, in my view, summarized a number of lines of evidence and absolutely nailed down (for the readers of that fairly left wing publication) the fact that global warming was real and anthropogenic. I think a lot of us feel that we've been spinning wheels for many years, and that this planet, our civilization, the environment, have all been cheated out of a couple of decades of progress.
So what is this an introduction to? I plan to systematically go through a number of topics related to Global Warming (and more broadly climate change, to some extent) and provide up to date information and description. What are the components of "forcing," what are the greenhouse gases, and why do some matter more than others? Why is sea level so important, and so incredibly interesting? What is the link between overall climate pattern and important events such as hurricanes and tornadoes, or whether we have a lot of snow or very little in a given winter? And so on.


text: After Walter Smith's Brilliance – The Dawn of a New Era at Rangers No financial support and still Rangers won three League titles on the bounce. How did they do it? TheHardTackle's Guest Author, Vinay Sundar tells the the story of how one man, Walter Smith played his part in the glorious history of Rangers FC.


text:
Los Angeles is slouching toward its driest year in history. But the dubious milestone won't turn lawns in Beverly Hills brown or cause Angelenos to take military showers.
Despite Thursday's rain showers, forecasters predict this will be the third straight year of drought. Yet the lack of normal rainfall amounts has about as much effect on the daily lives of Southern Californians as the civil war in Syria.
"Unless you are a cattle rancher in Texas or a farmer in Central California, it is pretty invisible," said Bill Patzert, climatologist from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in La Cañada Flintridge.
Why are Californians insulated from dry years? "The water infrastructure we have in California. There is nothing like it in the world," Patzert said.
Indeed, the nation's largest water wholesaler, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, predicts even with more dry years, it will not deny any of its 28 member agencies a drop of water in 2014 or in the years to come. MWD serves cities from the Tehachapi Mountains to the Mexican border.
"We plan to meet all demands that our member agencies will have for 2014. We don't need to have a shortage reduction or a shortage call for the next few years," said Debra Man, MWD assistant general manager and chief operating officer.
Water rationing? Not even on the horizon. Neither is a good soaking. And that seeming contradiction is OK — for the near future — because of the improvements in water storage, water transfers, water recycling and widespread use of water-stingy clothes washers, dishwashers and toilets during the last three decades, Man said.
Per capita water consumption in the 1980s reached 210 gallons per day in Southern California, she said. Today, that has dropped to between 150 and 160 gallons per day.
New reservoirs, including the Diamond Valley Lake near Perris filled in 2002, and more capacity for Castaic Lake near the Grapevine area, doubled the amount of water in surface storage. Diamond Valley holds 260 billion gallons — more than Lake Havasu on the Colorado River. The MWD also helped fund recycling projects, such as the Water Replenishment District's plant that opened in late August that treats wastewater and returns it to the local aquifer. That one plant will save 4 million residents from Montebello to Torrance from using imported water from Northern California or the Colorado River, a first for the WRD.
That kind of "found water" adds to the region's drought insurance.
"For the last decade, we've invested in making sure we have storage for emergency and operational uses," Man said.
No rain, no problem?
Rick Hansen is general manager of Three Valleys Municipal Water District in Claremont, one of those MWD member agencies that buys MWD water piped from the Colorado or the State Water Project from Northern California.
Some of the water retailers serve communities without any wells, such as Walnut, a well-to-do suburban town in east L.A. County that relies 100 percent on imported water. That includes water from the Colorado an area entering its 14th straight year of drought.
Even that doesn't worry Hansen.
"We are OK for calendar year 2014 without any shortages or rationing taking place. We are in good shape," he said.
But water expert Adan Ortega, who is executive director of the California Association of Mutual Water Companies, said the water industry is giving out false assurances. Ortega says they've done a good job conserving water and investing in water recycling but they are not incorporating the future effects of climate change in their planning.
"The average amount of water we will get over time is less. That should alarm us," he said.
Listen to the Pacific
While a recent UCLA study found climate change will cut snowfall 30 percent in California, others say the wet vs. dry years is part of a centuries old pattern controlled by the sea temperature in the Pacific Ocean.
Patzert acknowledges global climate change as a factor in the L.A. Basin weather patterns. But the much larger factor is the 20-30 year influence of a negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation or PDO. The western Pacific becomes cooler than normal and pushes the Jet Stream, which carries the storms, away from California and the West.
This is a variation on El Niño, the child, which usually brings the West rainy weather, or La Niña, which signals dry weather.
"A negative PDO is like a big La Niña. It has staying power," Patzert said. It kept the region mostly dry from the 1940s to the early 1970s. The pattern changed to wet in the 1980s and 1990s, with the 1997-98 rain year the last big El Niño. Since 2000, it has been mostly dry, with the exception of the very wet 2004-05 water year.
"We are in drought. We have been in drought for a long time and it is large scale," he said. "And this is for the entire state."
Driest year records may be broken not just for L.A. but also for San Francisco and Sacramento, said Nancy Vogel, spokeswoman for the California Department of Water Resources.
For the calendar year, L.A. received 3.49 inches of rain before Thursday's storm, which added 0.11 inches to the downtown L.A. area where rainfall measurements have been kept since 1877. That brings the total rainfall to 3.60 inches, still on track to be the driest calendar year in 136 years. Unless there is a big storm by New Year's Eve, the region will break the record of 4.08 inches set in 1947 and 1953, Patzert said. The normal annual rainfall in L.A. is 15 inches.
Snowpack is also down. For the Northern Sierra Nevada, a key watershed for Southern California water flowing down the California Aqueduct, snowpack is 19 percent of normal, said Ted Thomas, a spokesman with the state DWR.
"Snowpack when it melts provides 30 percent of the water we use in California," Thomas said. "Look at it as a frozen reservoir in the hills."
Most of California's precipitation arrives between January and March, he said. That's when actual DWR technicians go into the Sierra Nevada and check the depth of snowpack firsthand. Snowpack readings are a key factor in determining how much water gets released to Southern California.
"Most of the precipitation is normally in Northern California. The watersheds up there, north of Sacramento, feed the big reservoirs such as Lake Oroville, the largest reservoir in the State Water Project," he said. Lake Shasta holds water for the federal Central Valley Project.
Unless there are a few breakthrough storms that bypass predictions, snowpack and rainfall amounts will continue downward next year, according to the National Weather Service and JPL experts. So far, even rainstorms like the one on Thursday are weak and carry only a light punch, said NWS Meteorologist Eric Boldt.
Who feels the pinch?
In its first allocation announced last month, the state said it will release just 5 percent of what's requested from the State Water Project.
Most experts say as a result, certain farmers in the Central Valley will not have enough water to raise some crops. That limitation affects the $11 billion state agribusiness but it is too early in the season to gauge how much.
Still, it set off a shot across the bow by U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein and Fresno Democrat Rep. Jim Costa, who together wrote a letter to Gov. Jerry Brown on Dec. 9 asking him to declare "a state drought emergency." The last one was declared by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger in June 2008 and was rescinded March 30, 2011 after a wetter year.
Feinstein and Costa are interested in propping up agribusiness, according to sources in Washington. Some say they are just looking to score political points. Feinstein's aides said so far, the governor has not responded.
Although Metropolitan serves urban Southern California, its managers sympathize with the farmer. "Central Valley agencies and Kern County are considering this (5 percent allocation) a dire situation. I can understand why they would consider this pretty adverse," Man said.
Of course, the outlook can change in the next three months.
"It's early in the wet season. We have a lot of winter ahead of us," Thomas said.
Boldt, who is an expert on Southern California climate, agrees with Patzert that the negative PDO will keep rain well below average this year and next. "We are able to state we are predicting a drier than normal winter for Southern California," he said Friday. The NWS's extended local forecast calls for sunny and dry weather through the end of the week.
Patzert has already looked at the ocean numbers and doesn't see a change in surface water temperatures. He's predicting more drought well into 2014.
"While some are waiting for a February or March miracle, when the Pacific speaks, we certainly better listen. The Pacific giveth and the Pacific taketh away," Patzert said.


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Autumn can be a difficult thing to spot in Las Vegas. It tends to be stealthy, tiptoeing in with crisp breezes and a midday temperature that doesn't make human skin boil. It's a slow-mover, with those lovely fall colors not gracing the limbs of trees here until most places are getting their winter vibes on.
Academic schedules remain unaffected by our late-arriving season. Kindergardeners, graduate students and all learners in between donned backpacks this past week and headed back to school, stoically sweltering in the name of scholastic success.
Like a school holiday or Christmas break, there is a light at the end of the tunnel. Vegas dance groups large and small are pulling together for some fall performances that might just be the happy hour that your long week needs. A few of them are listed below. If you know of something that isn't mentioned here, shoot me an email or leave a comment below. Cheers!
"The Spade of Hearts Presents: The Variety Show": Saturday, Sept. 3, 9:30 – 11:30 p.m. at Boomers Bar. Burlesque and comedy will be well-represented, with performances by Dave Johnson, Roxy Rock-It, JP Nomi Malone and more! Arrive early for free jello shots (9 – 10 p.m. or while supplies last) and enjoy drink specials throughout the night. Tickets are $15 for one or $20 for two at the door.
"Grindhouse Burlesque Presents: The Daily Grind!": Sunday, Sept. 4, 9 p.m. – midnight at The Bikini Bar. Caramel D'lite will be emceeing the show, which will feature numbers by Roxy Rock-It, Rosalita Nikita, Porcelain Vanity and Lacey Moon. There's no cover for the performance, but you have to be 21 or older (sorry, youngins). Check out the Grindhouse Burlesque website here for more.
"Waiting for Godot": Thursday, Sept. 8 – Oct. 1, 8 p.m., at The Insurgo Theater at the Plaza Hotel and Casino. This round of performances kicks off the first casino-based resident space for a theater troupe in Las Vegas, so you can enjoy that fact alongside the spectacular work of Insurgo Theater and Samuel Beckett. Tickets are $25 and can be purchased at the box office until 15 minutes before the show. Call (702) 883-5500 to reserve them over the phone.
"Nuthouse by Michael O'Neal": Fridays, Sept. 9 and 23, and Saturdays, Sept. 10 – 24, midnight, the Onyx Theatre. Lose your mind alongside the cast with this nutty, thoroughly inappropriate show that will take you on a tour of the mind of your average psychopath. Tickets are $10 and cocktails are available free of charge, although donations are accepted. The house opens at 11:30 p.m.
"1230 Clown Show: Rat Pack": Thursday and Friday, Sept. 15 and 16, at, that's right, half-past midnight. This jam-packed variety show is worth turning out for; there will likely be members of the audience who go to both performances, so don't be shy about coming back. Find a previous review of the show here and be sure to get there early: seats fill fast. Tickets are $15 and doors open at 11:45 p.m.


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In an anti-abortion dream world, Obamacare would be replaced with a chain of crisis pregnancy centers and a kindly stork. But since abortion opponents can't wish the Affordable Care Act away, they're working within the system to restrict women's access to reproductive health.
At least 21 states have legislation in place or in the works that will stop health insurance companies from paying for abortions for women, according to NBC, and it's through a new authority states have over health insurance exchanges: states that set up their own exchanges for people who don't have health insurance through the federal government or an employer get to make up their own rules for insurers who take part.
Kansas, Nebraska and Utah passed their own legislation right after the health reform law was signed in 2010, banning any insurance company that takes part in the exchanges from covering abortion. A bunch of other states have passed similar bans that block women from getting abortions covered by health insurance, including: Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia and Wisconsin. Tough luck, ladies!
It's so admirable that all these bright and promising right-wing minds are working hard on our nation's most pressing issue: restricting low-income women from receiving affordable health care.


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What a terrible time to be BP. With oil continuing to gush out of one of its oil rigs into the Gulf of Mexico, the London-based company's future looks as murky as the water around the Louisiana coastline. BP faces losses estimated at $5.1 billion due to the oil spill, according to ING analyst reports. Its brand image, for now, and perhaps forever, is tarnished.
Will BP rebound from this disaster? It seemed the company had put an earlier explosion behind it. The Department of Justice fined the company $50 million in 2007 for safety violations at a Houston refinery that exploded in 2005, killing 15 people and injuring 170.
For big companies, bounding back from corporate scandal, financial malfeasance or public disaster is difficult — but it isn't impossible. Looking at companies that have come back after business downturns, product problems or corporate scandal, several experts on corporate reputation and crisis management helped Forbes identify 10 companies that have made, or are making, turnarounds after corporate hard times.
Strong leadership is key to all successful corporate comebacks. Gordon Bethune, a former Boeing executive, led Continental Airlines from 1994 to 2004, nursing the company back to health after it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on two separate occasions. At the time the company, which announced in early May a merger with United Airlines, had been ravaged by regulatory and management problems. Bethune famously created the "Go Forward Plan," rebuilding employee morale, reconstructing consumer trust and returning the company to profitability only two years after bankruptcy filings.
Another strong leader, Steve Jobs, chief executive officer and cofounder of Apple, was ousted from the company in 1985 after losing trust of the company's board members. Innovation at Apple lagged in the years that followed. Sales dropped 18 percent, on average, for three years from 1995 to 1998. Job's return to the Cupertino, Calif., company in 1997 helped right Apple, which went on to revolutionize the digital music and mobile phone industries.
Sometimes replacing family leadership with an outsider helps a troubled outfit. Ford Motor CEO Alan Mulally, brought on board in 2006, is overseeing a turnaround for that carmaker. Mulally cut Ford's workforce by one-third and pared back company brands, creating a smaller team with a tighter focus. His approach seems to be working: Ford's revenue increased 13 percent to $28.1 billion in the first quarter of 2010, compared to the same period the previous year. Profit, up for the fourth consecutive quarter, reached $2.1 billion.
One mistake some top executives make is a reluctance to confront bad news. The moment employees feel they can't voice realities, leadership has failed, says Martin Puris, ad veteran and chief executive of EngineUSA. "CEOs have to make it clear that they want the truth and won't tolerate anything less than the truth," Puris says.
Swift action and communication are also key to a successful turnaround. Exxon, now Exxon Mobil, has long been criticized for reacting too slowly to the disaster it created in 1989 when one of its oil tankers ran into a reef, spilling 11 million gallons of crude into Alaskan waters. Many believe the company dawdled in its efforts to contain the spill after the first two days, allowing oil to continue seeping from the tanker. Exxon's problems were further compounded by its camera-shy chairman, Lawrence Rawl, who refused to speak to the media after the accident. Exxon's brand has suffered damages decades beyond the incident. Federal and Alaskan officials asked Exxon to pay an additional $100 million to deal with residual and unforeseen damages.
Advertising can play a role in helping companies rebuild trust. Bridgestone/Firestone rolled out a campaign-themed "Making it Right," featuring its president, chairman and CEO John Lampe, along with racecar drivers Mario and Michael Andretti in 2001. That was shortly after federal investigators said faulty tires on Ford light trucks and SUV's were the possible cause of a number of crashes that resulted in 46 deaths. The Nashville company recalled 6.5 million tires and offered replacements. But the debacle was drawn out when Bridgestone discovered it just didn't have enough tires to go around.
General Motors, after accepting $50 billion in taxpayer bailout funds, aimed to assuage uneasy consumers in 2009 by running an ad campaign featuring Chairman Ed Whitacre. The ads promised a 60-day money-back guarantee for dissatisfied buyers of new GM models and contributed to what is expected to be a return to profit this year.
Of course advertising alone can't repair a company's reputation, says Leslie Gaines-Ross, chief reputation strategist at public relations firm Weber Shandwick. Struggling companies like GM have to shutter failing units, revive profitability and bring on trustworthy management. Once changes have been made, then companies can announce them through ads, Gaines-Ross says: "Advertising does well when credibility has been reestablished."
© 2012 Forbes.com


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Northwestern vs Yale (Sep 13, 2009)
Soccer Box Score
Yale University
Northwestern vs Yale (Sep 13, 2009 at New Haven, Conn.)
Northwestern (3-3-1) vs.
Yale (3-1)
Date: Sep 13, 2009 Attendance: 375
Weather: sunny, 75 degrees
Officials: Scorer: Ernie Bertothy;
Officials: Scorer: Ernie Bertothy;
Play-by-Play Summary
Yale University
Northwestern vs Yale (Sep 13, 2009 at New Haven, Conn.)
|[00:00] EDWARDS, Carolyn at goalie for Northwestern.
|[00:00] Sumiyasu, Ayana at goalie for Yale.
|Foul on Northwestern.
|[17:47] NU substitution: RUBIN, Jessica for DULLER, Nicole.
|[19:30] Shot by YALE Brown, Becky WIDE.
|Foul on Yale.
|[21:50] Shot by NU GREENE, Sam WIDE.
|[22:25] Shot by NU THORESON, Kendall WIDE.
|N#23 left-footed wide near post, left wing
|[23:22] Shot by YALE Macauley, Kate WIDE.
|[24:39] Shot by NU HERCZEG, Alicia WIDE.
|[24:45] YALE substitution: Forster, Kristen for Hino, Miyuki.
|Foul on Yale.
|Foul on Northwestern.
|[28:11] Shot by NU HERCZEG, Alicia HIGH.
|[28:55] NU substitution: PALO, Jessica for LANGSTON, Emily.
|[28:55] NU substitution: SAMPSON, Kay for DUNN, Jill.
|Corner kick by NU GREENE, Sam [29:17].
|[30:15] Shot by NU SAMPSON, Kay WIDE.
|[31:01] Offside against Yale.
|[32:14] Shot by NU BAUMANN, Jennifer, SAVE Sumiyasu, Ayana.
|[32:36] YALE substitution: Kubiuk, Mary for Perez, Leslie.
|[33:30] NU substitution: NESMITH, Sarah for GREENE, Sam.
|Foul on Northwestern.
|[34:28] Shot by YALE Kubiuk, Mary HIGH.
|ball deflects off NU D, Y#15 shot in box goes very high over net
|[36:00] Header Shot by NU ANTAS, Colleen WIDE.
|[36:04] NU substitution: ANTAS, Colleen for THORESON, Kendall.
|[36:50] Shot by YALE Kubiuk, Mary WIDE.
|Y#15 gets behind defense and keeper, shot hits side of the net
|Corner kick by YALE Mullo, Enma [38:38].
|[42:29] Shot by NU ANTAS, Colleen WIDE.
|End of period [45:00].
|Start of 2nd period [45:00].
|For NU: #11 RUBNITZ, Ali, #7 BAUMANN, Jennifer, #26 WESTLUND, Briana, #00 EDWARDS, Carolyn, #16 DUNN, Jill, #8 DAGLEY, Caroline, #22 JAKES, Leigh, #23 THORESON, Kendall, #18 LANGSTON, Emily, #3 PARISH, Catherine, #29 GREENE, Sam.
|For YALE: #6 Perez, Leslie, #22 Merrifield, Sophia, #23 Smith, Hannah, #4 Collins, Caitlin, #13 Mathy, Lauren, #26 Ashforth, Megan, #2 Hino, Miyuki, #9 Mullo, Enma, #20 Macauley, Kate, #18 Brown, Becky, #0 Sumiyasu, Ayana.
|Foul on Northwestern.
|[46:30] Shot by YALE Mullo, Enma, SAVE EDWARDS, Carolyn.
|[47:12] Shot by NU THORESON, Kendall, SAVE Sumiyasu, Ayana.
|[49:59] Shot by YALE Hino, Miyuki BLOCKED.
|[52:36] NU substitution: SAMPSON, Kay for BAUMANN, Jennifer.
|[55:13] NU substitution: HERCZEG, Alicia for DAGLEY, Caroline.
|[55:40] YALE substitution: Forster, Kristen for Mullo, Enma.
|Corner kick by YALE Macauley, Kate [57:19].
|[57:51] NU substitution: DULLER, Nicole for JAKES, Leigh.
|Corner kick by NU GREENE, Sam [61:22].
|[61:26] Shot by NU SAMPSON, Kay WIDE.
|Foul on Yale.
|Foul on Northwestern.
|[64:49] YALE substitution: Kubiuk, Mary for Perez, Leslie.
|[64:49] YALE substitution: Romine, Natalie for Hino, Miyuki.
|[64:49] YALE substitution: Mullo, Enma for Macauley, Kate.
|[66:11] NU substitution: BAUMANN, Jennifer for DUNN, Jill.
|[66:11] NU substitution: NESMITH, Sarah for GREENE, Sam.
|[67:47] Shot by NU BAUMANN, Jennifer HIGH.
|[68:47] Shot by NU HERCZEG, Alicia WIDE.
|Ball trickles through defenders in middle, N#1 shoots wide point-blank
|[70:06] GOAL by NU THORESON, Kendall (FIRST GOAL), Assist by DULLER, Nicole.
|Northwestern 1, Yale 0
|*N#23 lofts shot over keeper from 25 yards out
|[70:18] NU substitution: PALO, Jessica for SAMPSON, Kay.
|[70:18] NU substitution: ANTAS, Colleen for LANGSTON, Emily.
|[70:18] YALE substitution: Leroy, Torrey for Collins, Caitlin.
|[70:18] YALE substitution: Macauley, Kate for Ashforth, Megan.
|[73:14] NU substitution: SAMPSON, Kay for THORESON, Kendall.
|[73:23] Shot by YALE Smith, Hannah WIDE.
|[74:28] YALE substitution: Hino, Miyuki for Romine, Natalie.
|[74:28] YALE substitution: Perez, Leslie for Kubiuk, Mary.
|[74:28] NU substitution: GREENE, Sam for PALO, Jessica.
|Corner kick by YALE Perez, Leslie [75:32].
|[75:34] Shot by YALE Macauley, Kate, SAVE EDWARDS, Carolyn.
|Foul on Northwestern.
|[77:20] Shot by YALE Mullo, Enma BLOCKED.
|[77:32] Shot by YALE Macauley, Kate, SAVE EDWARDS, Carolyn.
|[78:10] NU substitution: JAKES, Leigh for DULLER, Nicole.
|[78:10] NU substitution: DUNN, Jill for ANTAS, Colleen.
|Foul on Northwestern.
|[82:16] Shot by NU NESMITH, Sarah, SAVE Sumiyasu, Ayana.
|[83:01] YALE substitution: Collins, Caitlin for Smith, Hannah.
|[83:01] NU substitution: THORESON, Kendall for SAMPSON, Kay.
|[84:41] NU substitution: LANGSTON, Emily for NESMITH, Sarah.
|Foul on Northwestern.
|End of period [90:00].


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169 Riverside Drive, Binghamton, NY 13905
Phone: 607-798-5225
Lourdes' Diagnostic Imaging Department is accredited by the American College of Radiology and offers a full range of diagnostic services 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Working with board certified radiologists from Millennium Medical Imaging, PC, Diagnostic Imaging strives for the highest level of patient satisfaction by delivering cost effective health care, promoting health education, wellness, and preventative care.
Meeting the needs of a growing and aging population
The newly expanded and renovated Diagnostic Imaging Department includes the addition of an Open MRI system; a 320-slice CT scanner; a new, completely digital X-ray department; and two new flouroscopy machines. These upgrades to the department translate to lower doses of radiation and faster processing of images with no sacrifice to image quality. A special waiting area for inpatients allows for private, comforable, preparation of exams and is staffed by a registered nurse. Our new reception area offers a large, private seating area with easy access from our new Ambulatory Care Center and new main entrance.
Diagnostic Imaging includes several sub-sections of specialty including:
- General Radiology, including digital X-ray, trauma and fluoroscopy procedures
- Interventional Radiology, which assists in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
- Ultrasound, which uses high frequency sound waves to image various parts of the body.
- Breast Imaging, including mammography and ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which uses a large magnet, radiofrequency signals and computers to produce magnetically generated images.
If you are scheduled for an MRI procedure, you must complete an MRI Screening Form. For your safety, you must disclose the presence of any metal objects or fragments in your body. Failing to provide proper disclosure could result in serious injury. Please download and complete the MRI Screening Form and bring it with you to your appointment. Please contact your physician if you have any questions or concerns.
- Computed Axial Tomography (CT), which uses cross-sectional views to create a multidimensional view of the body. This includes cardiac scoring.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in which images demonstrate the chemistry of organs and other tissues such as tumors
- Nuclear Medicine, which uses small amounts of radioactive materials to document organ function and structure
Millennium Medical Imaging
The radiologists of Millennium Medical Imaging offer clinical expertise and over 30 years experience. Members of the Millennium Medical Imaging team at Lourdes Hospital includes an extensive list of radiologists and physician assistant.


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For centuries, S.Pellegrino® Sparkling Natural Mineral Water and Acqua Panna® Natural Spring Water have complemented fine food, wine and dining experiences. This passion for excellence has led on going-support of the culinary community via partnerships with The James Beard Foundation, Restaurant Magazine's World's 50 Best, Gelinaz, Le Fooding and many other supporters of the arts. This enduring passion inspired the creation of the Almost Famous Chef Competition in 2002 which continues today.
The 2015 S.Pellegrino® Almost Famous Chef® Competition hosts over 40 of the leading culinary schools across the U.S. in a spirited cooking competition that spotlights the best and brightest. Designed as a mentorship program, culinary students will compete before the food media, distinguished guests and renowned chefs at regional competitions in January and February. The regional winners move on to the final competition in March in Napa Valley, California, where they will compete for the coveted S.Pellegrino® Almost Famous Chef title and a one-year paid apprenticeship with a celebrity chef from our panel.
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Drug Misuse and DependenceSkip to the navigation
Topic Overview
Is this topic for you?
This topic is about drug misuse and dependence in adults. For information about drug use in teens or children, see the topic Teen Alcohol and Drug Use .
What are drug misuse and dependence?
Drug misuse is using drugs in a way that harms you or that leads you to harm others. You can misuse illegal drugs, prescription drugs, or over-the-counter drugs.
When you misuse drugs, you are not always able to meet work, home, or school duties. You may be late to work. You may use drugs in dangerous situations, such as when driving or operating machines. Or drugs may cause problems in your relationships.
Drug misuse can lead to drug dependence, where you are addicted to a drug. The drug controls your life. Any of the following can happen:
- You take more of the drug over longer periods of time and need more of the drug to feel "high."
- You try to quit using the drug, but you are not able to.
- You continue to use the drug even though it harms your relationships and causes you to develop physical problems.
- If you stop using the drug, you feel sick. This is known as withdrawal.
Drug dependence is a disease. It's not a weakness or a lack of willpower. It's your choice to begin using a drug. But as you use it more, your brain begins to change. This change can lead to a craving to use the drug, and this can influence how you act.
Which drugs might be a problem?
Drugs that are misused include:
- Marijuana, cocaine, and hallucinogens, such as LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), mescaline, psilocybin, PCP (phencyclidine), and ketamine.
- Inhalants, such as glues, aerosol sprays, gasoline, paints, and paint thinners.
- Club drugs, such as ecstasy (MDMA).
- Methamphetamine, which is called meth, crank, or speed.
- Opioids, such as heroin, morphine, and codeine.
- Prescription drugs, such as diazepam (Valium), hydrocodone and acetaminophen (Norco), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and oxycodone (OxyContin).
- Over-the-counter medicines, such as cough syrups and cold pills.
What are the signs of drug misuse and dependence?
Behaviors that may be signs of a drug problem include:
- Changes in sleeping or eating habits, less attention to dressing and grooming, or less interest in sex.
- Up-and-down moods, a mood or attitude that is getting worse, or not caring about the future.
- Sneaky behavior, lying, or stealing.
- Poor family relationships, or relationships that are getting worse.
- New problems at work or school, or problems with the law.
Having these signs doesn't always mean a person is using drugs. The behavior could be because of work or school stress, or it could be a sign of depression or another medical problem. But behavior changes like these are common in people who misuse drugs.
Physical signs of drug misuse and dependence include:
- Red eyes, a sore throat, a dry cough, and feeling tired.
- Needle marks on the arm or other area of the body.
- Small, "pinpoint" pupils in the eyes.
- Losing weight without trying to, or not feeling like eating.
- Changes in sleep behavior, such as not sleeping as well.
- Seeing things that don't exist ( hallucinations ).
How are drug problems diagnosed?
Drug problems may be diagnosed at a routine doctor visit or when you see your doctor for a health or social problem linked to drug use, such as anxiety, depression, or family conflict. If a partner or friend thinks you have a drug problem, he or she may urge you to see your doctor.
Your doctor will ask questions about your symptoms and past health. He or she will do a physical exam and sometimes a mental health assessment.
How are drug problems treated?
Treatment includes medicine, therapy, and support groups.
The first step in treatment is to quit using drugs. You may need medical care to manage withdrawal symptoms when you first quit. Some people call this detoxification , or detox.
After you stop using drugs, you focus on staying drug-free. Most people receive some type of therapy, such as group counseling. You also may need medicine to help you stay drug-free.
When you have stopped using drugs, you have taken the first step toward recovery . To gain full recovery, you need to take steps to improve other areas of your life, such as learning to deal with your work, family, and living situation in healthy ways. This makes it easier to stay drug-free.
What can you do if you or another person has a problem with drugs?
If you feel that you have a drug problem, get help. You can visit a doctor or go to a self-help group. The earlier you get help, the easier your recovery will be for you and your family.
Helping someone who has a drug problem is hard. If you are " covering " for the person, you need to stop. For example, don't make excuses for the person when he or she misses work.
You may be able to help by talking to the person about what his or her drug use does to you and others. Talk to the person in private, when he or she isn't using drugs or alcohol and when you are both calm. If the person agrees to get help, call for an appointment right away. Don't wait.
Most of the time, drug misuse starts with casual use. People don't use drugs because they want to be addicted . Drugs can make you feel good for a while. They may make you feel energetic, self-confident, and powerful. You may take a drug to reduce stress or anxiety or to help you forget a problem.
Drug use changes your brain and how it works. If you continue to use drugs, you may develop strong cravings for them, and it may get harder to say "no" to further use. At the same time, you may begin to lose interest in activities you always enjoyed. This is because you may feel that they are not as enjoyable as using drugs. You may then become dependent.
Not everyone who uses drugs misuses them or becomes dependent. Other things that influence whether this happens include your genes, family, friends, and life situations. For more information, see What Happens and What Increases Your Risk .
When drug use, misuse, and dependence occur, you are more likely to have changes in your behavior than to have physical symptoms.
Changes in behavior
- Changes in sleeping or eating habits, less attention to dressing and grooming, or less interest in sex.
- Up-and-down moods, a mood or attitude that is getting worse, or not caring about the future.
- Anger toward others, or treating others badly.
- Sneaky behavior, lying, or stealing.
- Poor family relationships, or relationships that are getting worse.
- New problems at work or school, or problems with the law.
- Not keeping up with old friends and activities, and finding new friends and not wanting old friends to meet them.
These signs don't always mean a person is using drugs. The behavior could be because of work or school stress, or it could be a sign of depression or another medical problem. But behavior changes like these are common in people who misuse drugs.
If you think you or a loved one might have a drug problem, use this short quiz to check your drug use:
- Assess Your Drug Use (What is a PDF document?)
Physical signs of drug misuse or dependence
- Red eyes, a sore throat, and a dry cough.
- Needle marks on the arm or other area of the body.
- Small, "pinpoint" pupils in the eyes.
- Losing weight without trying to, or not feeling like eating.
- Changes in how well you sleep.
- Seeing things that don't exist (hallucinations).
Symptoms in older adults
Drug use problems in older adults may go unnoticed, since the signs may be similar to those of aging. Older adults often take more medicines, such as sleep medicines and painkillers, that can lead to dependence.
Symptoms of withdrawal
When you are dependent on a drug and you stop using it, you may have physical symptoms known as withdrawal. These symptoms differ for each drug. They can include feeling sick to your stomach, vomiting, having belly pain, sweats, nervousness and shaking, and seizures.
What Happens
You may not feel that using drugs is a problem. Maybe you feel that you are a casual user because you use drugs only now and then. You may feel that you can stop using drugs at any time.
But drug use quickly can become a habit, and for many people it may lead to a substance use problem and addiction . You may begin to use drugs without thinking about how drugs can harm you and those you care about.
How drugs affect your health
Drugs can cause you to have health problems, such as:
- Overdose and death.
- Heart disease.
- Stroke.
- Depression.
Drugs also can lead to problems with thinking and remembering. They can affect judgment, decision-making, emotions, and learning.
Different drugs harm your body in different ways. Drugs that can cause harm include:
How drugs affect your life
You are more likely to have unsafe sex when on drugs, and you may get and spread sexually transmitted infections (STIs) .
If you're pregnant, drugs can pass into your uterus and harm your baby .
Drug use also can lead to problems with your partner, family, or friends. You and your family may feel that you have turned against each other. You may be angry at them, and they may be angry at you. You may do poorly at work or in school, or you may even quit. You also can have legal problems, like being arrested for driving while on drugs or for using or selling drugs.
What Increases Your Risk
Not everyone who uses a drug develops a drug problem. Certain things make a substance use problem and dependence more likely. These are called risk factors.
Genetic and health risk factors
- Genes. People with drug problems often have a family history of drug use. Genes may influence whether you use drugs and whether you move from drug use to drug misuse and dependence.
- Gender. More men than women use drugs. But the rate of misusing prescription drugs is similar in men and women. footnote 1
- Your mental health. If you have a mental health problem, such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or an anxiety disorder, you are more likely to use drugs. Treating mental health problems makes drug use less likely. And if you're using drugs, treating mental health problems makes recovery more likely.
Social risk factors
- Early use. The earlier you began to use drugs, the more likely you are to misuse them or become dependent. This may be because early drug use changes the developing brain.
- How you use. If you smoke a drug or inject it into a vein, you are more likely to become dependent. These methods give you a fast and intense "high," but you lose the high quickly and then feel low. This may make you use the drug more often. footnote 2
- The drug you use and how strong the drug is. Some drugs, such as heroin and cocaine, are so strong that dependence is possible no matter how you use them.
- Environment. If you live in an area where drugs are easy to get and where drug use is common, you are more likely to use drugs.
- Family and friends. You are more likely to use drugs if your family members or friends use them.
- Problems with others. You may be more likely to use drugs when you are having problems in your family or with friends.
- Not having purpose or satisfaction in your life. If you have no activities that give you a sense of purpose, you may be more likely to use drugs.
When to Call a Doctor
Call 911 or other emergency services right away if you or someone else:
- Has
overdosed or has
withdrawal signs . Be sure to tell the emergency workers that you are or someone else is using or trying to quit using drugs. Overdose or withdrawal signs may include:
- Seizure .
- Seeing or hearing things that aren't there ( hallucinations ).
Call your doctor if:
- You think you have a problem with drugs.
- You are having withdrawal symptoms. These may include nausea or vomiting, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety.
Who can treat a drug problem?
Health professionals who can diagnose, prescribe medicine for, and treat drug problems include:
- General practitioners .
- Psychiatrists .
- Physician assistants .
- Nurse practitioners .
- Psychologists and drug counselors. These professionals cannot prescribe medicine.
Counseling usually is part of treatment. This can be done by:
Watchful waiting
Watchful waiting is a wait-and-see approach. If you get better on your own, you won't need treatment. If you get worse, you and your doctor will decide what to do next.
Watchful waiting is not a good choice for drug misuse and dependence. If you have a drug problem, or if you believe that your health or other areas of your life are being affected by drugs, you need to take steps to stop using drugs.
Exams and Tests
Drug use and dependence may be diagnosed during a routine doctor visit or when you see your doctor for a health or other problem linked to drug use, such as anxiety, depression, or family conflict. If your partner or a friend suspects a drug problem, he or she may urge you to see your doctor.
Testing to see if you have a drug problem
If you think you or a loved one might have a drug problem, use this short quiz to check for drug use:
- Assess Your Drug Use (What is a PDF document?)
Your doctor will ask you questions about your symptoms and past health and will do a physical exam . If your doctor thinks you have a drug problem, he or she may ask about current and past drug use . He or she also may ask if it's okay to give you a test to check for drug use, such as a urine or blood test.
Your doctor may ask to give you tests to look for health problems related to drug use. These may include tests for hepatitis B , hepatitis C , or HIV .
If you and your doctor agree that you have a drug problem, your doctor probably will refer you to a specialist in drug use or dependence.
Testing for mental health problems
People who use drugs also may have mental health problems. These include depression, anxiety disorders, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) . If your doctor thinks this may be true for you, he or she may do a mental health assessment .
If you use drugs and have a mental health problem, it's called a dual diagnosis . If you treat only one problem, treatment may not work well. When you treat both problems, you have a better chance of a full recovery and less chance of using drugs again.
Treatment for drug use or dependence usually includes group therapy, one or more types of counseling, and drug education. A 12-step program is often part of treatment and continues afterward as part of your recovery.
Treatment doesn't just deal with drugs. It helps you take control of your life so you don't have to depend on drugs. You'll learn good reasons to quit drugs . Staying drug-free is a lifelong process that takes commitment and effort.
Seeking treatment
You might start with your family doctor, or your doctor may recommend that you enter a treatment facility. A friend could bring you to a self-help group, such as Narcotics Anonymous, or you might walk into a clinic that deals with drug use.
You may have a treatment team to help you. This team may include a psychologist or psychiatrist, counselors, doctors, social workers, nurses, and a case manager. A case manager helps plan and manage your treatment.
You may be asked questions about your drug use, health problems, work, and living situation. Be open and honest to get the best treatment possible. Your team may write a plan, which includes your treatment goals and ways to reach those goals. This helps you stay on track.
Your doctor may decide you need medical care to manage withdrawal symptoms when you first quit using drugs. This is sometimes called detoxification, or detox.
People who are dependent on drugs often have to go to a hospital or treatment facility. Detox usually is done under the care of a doctor, because withdrawal can be dangerous without medical care. A doctor may prescribe medicines to help with withdrawal symptoms.
Treatment for a drug problem usually involves one or more types of therapy.
- In group therapy, you talk about your recovery with other people who are trying to quit.
- In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) , you learn to change the thoughts and actions that make you more likely to use drugs.
- With motivational interviewing (MI), you resolve mixed feelings you have about quitting and getting treatment.
- Motivational enhancement therapy (MET) uses motivational interviewing to help you find motivation to quit and get you started toward recovery.
- Couples or family counseling can help you to stop using drugs, stay drug-free, and improve your relationships with your partner and family.
Treatment usually includes going to a support group, such as going to Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meetings. Your family members might also want to attend a support group such as Nar-Anon.
You may take medicines to help you quit or to help you overcome withdrawal symptoms. Medicines often are used for dependence on opioid drugs like heroin or certain painkillers. Medicines that can help you include methadone (such as Dolophine) or naltrexone (such as ReVia).
Treatment programs
Treatment programs can be outpatient, inpatient, or residential. They offer similar therapies. Your treatment team can help you decide which type of program is best for you.
- In outpatient treatment , you regularly go to a mental health clinic, a counselor's office, a hospital clinic, or a local health department for treatment.
- In inpatient treatment , you stay at a hospital and have therapies during the day or evening. You most likely will then go to outpatient therapy.
- Residential treatment provides a place for you to live for 6 months or more while you recover. You get therapy and 24-hour care.
Some treatment programs give rewards, called vouchers, when you stay off drugs. The rewards may get bigger when you go for a long time without drugs.
Many programs give regular drug tests while you go through treatment. Knowing that you will be tested can make you more likely to resist your cravings.
What to think about
People with drug problems often have other problems. They may need other treatments, or other resources may be available to help them with the drug problem.
- If you have a drug problem and a mental health problem, you will need treatment for both problems. Doctors call this a dual diagnosis .
- Older adults also may have drug problems because of misuse of prescription medicines such as painkillers or sleeping pills.
- Drug use in the military is like drug use in the general population. But there may be other concerns, such as post-traumatic stress disorder or military sexual trauma .
- Some people are sent to drug treatment because of a court decision. This may happen if you have a drug problem and you commit a crime. A court may require treatment and then keep track of your progress. Treatment often is available in prison.
Your doctor may prescribe medicine during detoxification to ease withdrawal symptoms or during treatment to help you move away from dependence. These medicines are mainly used for dependence on heroin or other opioids.
Medicines that can help include:
- Buprenorphine , such as Subutex. Buprenorphine works by targeting the same places in the brain that opioids do.
- Methadone, such as Dolophine. It stops you from getting the quick "high" of opioid drugs.
Recovery from drug use or dependence means finding a way to stay drug-free while changing your attitudes and behaviors. In recovery, you work to restore relationships with your family and friends and with people at your job or school.
To help stay drug-free after treatment , you can find things to do, such as sports or volunteer work. Stay away from friends or family members who use drugs. Learn how to say "no" to alcohol and drugs .
An important part of recovery is being sure you have support. You can:
- Develop and use social support and support groups . Support comes in many forms. You can find it in seminars and groups led by professionals, in 12-step groups , and in your relationships with family and friends. You can make support groups more helpful by being an active member .
- Connect with family and friends. They can help you by encouraging positive steps. But you have to be honest about your problems.
- Take part in recovery group activities. You may have used drugs to make friends or be with a social group. Your counselor or doctor can help you learn skills to make friends without using drugs.
- Find a sponsor , and work with this person. A sponsor is someone who has been in recovery for a long time and helps you stay drug-free.
Lapse and relapse
Stopping drug use is very hard. It's normal to have setbacks, even years later. Very few people succeed the first time they try. A lapse or relapse is likely.
- A lapse is the first time you use a drug again after you have quit, or brief episodes of drug use later on.
- A relapse is not being able to stay drug-free over time. It can occur if you have a series of lapses close together or a lapse that leads to heavier drug use over a longer period. A relapse is most likely to happen a few months after you have quit using drugs.
A lapse or relapse doesn't mean that you or your treatment has failed. It may mean that you just slipped up. You also may need more treatment, another type of treatment, or more time in support groups such as Narcotics Anonymous.
It's smart to plan for a relapse before it happens. Your doctor, family, and friends can help you do this.
A healthy lifestyle
Part of recovery is finding your way back to a healthy lifestyle.
- Exercise and be active . This may give you something to do instead of thinking about drugs, and it also can help reduce stress.
- Relieve stress . Stress can trigger a relapse. Stress-relief exercises can help.
- Get enough sleep to help your mood and to help you feel less stressed.
- Eat a balanced diet . This helps your body deal with tension and stress. Whole grains, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and protein are part of a balanced diet.
- Meditate . It helps you feel calm and can give you a clearer awareness about your life.
For Family and Friends
If someone you care about has had a drug problem, you know how hard it can be. You know how living or dealing with someone who has a drug problem can change and even destroy your life. But family members and friends can play an important role in helping a loved one recover from drug use and dependence.
Encourage treatment
It's hard to get someone who uses drugs into treatment if he or she doesn't want it. You may be able to help the person get treatment by:
- No longer making excuses , such as covering up for missed work or missed activities with children. Don't lie or stretch the truth to help the person.
- Finding a good time to talk to the person. Say clearly how the person's drug use is harming you and that you will take action if he or she doesn't seek help.
- Being ready and able to help when a decision is made to get treatment.
Help with treatment and recovery
After the choice for treatment has been made:
- Make sure the home contains no drugs or items that help people use drugs.
- Be involved and patient. Attend recovery meetings with your loved one, and be supportive. Know that it may take a long time for you to trust and forgive the person and for the person to forgive himself or herself.
- Be aware that your loved one may seem like a different person after he or she is drug-free. You may need to build a new relationship.
- Understand that you have the right to know how recovery is going, but you should ask about it in a respectful way.
- Help your loved one plan for a relapse . Most people relapse after treatment. This doesn't mean that the treatment failed. Try to help your loved one see relapse as a chance to do better and keep working on skills to avoid drug use.
- Focus on the positive actions your loved one is making.
Prepare for complex emotions
You probably will feel relief and happiness when the person decides to get help. But treatment and recovery mean changes in your life too. Your emotions may become more complicated. You may:
- Resent what the person did to you in the past.
- Not trust the person. You may not want to give the person the house key, the car key, or money. You also may feel guilty about not trusting the person.
- Find it hard to give up or share your family role. For example, if you took over raising your child or children when your partner was using drugs, you may resent him or her becoming involved again.
- Resent that the person is spending more time at meetings or with others in recovery than with you.
- Worry so much about relapse that you avoid anything you feel may upset the person.
These feelings are common. You've been through a bad period of your life, and what happened isn't easy to forget. Nor is it easy to forgive the person. Keep in mind that recovery is the road to a better life and that you can help your loved one get there.
Find your own support. Nar-Anon and similar programs are for people with family members or friends who have drug problems. They help you recover from the effects of being around someone who had a drug use problem. You also may try family therapy .
Related Information
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies (2010). Results From the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Volume I. Summary of National Findings (NSDUH Series H-38A, HHS Publication No. SMA 10-4586FINDINGS). Available online: http://store.samhsa.gov/product/Results-from-the-2009-National-Survey-on-Drug-Use-and-Health/SMA10-4586FINDINGS.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (2010). Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction (NIH Publication No. 10-5605). Available online: http://www.nida.nih.gov/scienceofaddiction/sciofaddiction.pdf.
Other Works Consulted
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense (2009). Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of Substance Use Disorders (SUD). Available online: http://www.healthquality.va.gov/Substance_Use_Disorder_SUD.asp.
- Strain EC, Anthony JC (2009). Introduction and overview section of Substance-related disorders. In BJ Sadock et al., eds., Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th ed., vol. 1, pp. 1237-1268. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Martin J. Gabica, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer Peter Monti, PhD - Alcohol and Addiction
Christine R. Maldonado, PhD - Behavioral Health
Current as ofOctober 9, 2017
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Fried Green Tomatoes with Shrimp and Tomato Basil Cream SauceRecently, I was watching a feature on our local TV channel, where a local restaurant (now closed), was featured. They showed an appetizer dish from their menu, of fried green tomatoes with shrimp, in a tomato basil cream sauce. Well, it looked so good, I knew I had to make my own version of it. I don't know if this is anything like what they have on their menu, but it sure is mighty good and makes a fantastic main dish too.
We're winding down on tomato season already here in the Deep South, and this is a chance to enjoy both green and red tomatoes in one dish. This sauce is excellent served with pasta, crab would be great too, but if you're not a big fan of seafood, it's perfect with Italian sausage too.
I've included the fried green tomato recipe that I posted last week when I wanted something sturdier than my usual cornmeal version, though if you already have a favorite way of making them, certainly use that. Save the larger shrimp for frying, stuffing, or for New Orleans style BBQ shrimp though, and use the less expensive, smaller sized shrimp for this dish. I had picked out some of the smaller shrimp from some leftover boiled shrimp
Doesn't that sauce just look fabulous? By the way, it's quite good with pasta too! Here's how to make it.
Recipe: Fried Green Tomatoes with Shrimp and Tomato Basil Cream Sauce©From the Kitchen of Deep South Dish
Prep time: 10 min |Cook time: 25 min | Yield: About 4 to 6 servings
For the Shrimp Sauce:
For the Fried Green Tomatoes:
- 1 tablespoon of butter
- 1/2 cup of onion
- 1 tablespoon of minced garlic
- 2 cups of peeled and chopped tomatoes, juices retained
- 1 teaspoon of kosher salt, or to taste
- 1/4 teaspoon of freshly cracked black pepper, or to taste
- 1/4 teaspoon of Old Bay seasoning, or to taste
- 1/4 teaspoon of Cajun seasoning (like Slap Ya Mama), or to taste
- 1 teaspoon of granulated sugar
- 1 tablespoon of fresh, chopped parsley
- 1 tablespoon of fresh, chopped basil
- 1 pound of small shrimp, peeled and deveined
- 1/2 cup of heavy cream
- 3 medium sized green tomatoes
- Kosher salt and freshly cracked black pepper
- 1/4 cup of milk or buttermilk
- 1 large egg
- 1 cup of self rising flour
- 1/4 cup of cornmeal
- 1/4 cup of cracker crumbs
- 1/4 teaspoon of Cajun seasoning (like Slap Ya Mama), or to taste
- Vegetable or canola oil, for frying
For the sauce, melt butter in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the onion and cook just until translucent, then add the garlic and cook another minute. Add the tomatoes with their juices, salt, pepper, Old Bay, Cajun seasoning, sugar, parsley and basil. Bring to a boil, reduce heat to medium low and simmer for 25 minutes. Taste and adjust seasonings. Stir in the shrimp and cook until shrimp turns pink; stir in the cream and heat through. Hold over low while you prepare the fried green tomatoes.
Meanwhile, for the fried green tomatoes, slice tomatoes 1/4 to 1/2 inch thick, set on paper towels and sprinkle both sides with salt and pepper. Let rest for 5 minutes. Beat together the milk and egg in a small bowl; set aside. Whisk together the flour, cornmeal, cracker crumbs and Cajun seasoning. Heat 1/2 inch of oil in a skillet. Dip the tomato slices in the milk, then into the flour mixture, shake off excess and place into the hot oil. Cook until both sides are lightly browned and drain on paper towels. Place two to three green tomato slices on a serving plate per person and spoon some of the shrimp sauce over the tomatoes.
Cook's Notes: May substitute 2 (15 ounce) cans of stewed tomatoes, chopped, but undrained. Use your kitchen shears to cut them up right in the can. Dried herbs may also be substituted for the fresh parsley and basil, but reduce to 1 teaspoon. Also okay to use already cooked shrimp, simply add to warm through at the end, but take into consideration any seasonings.
This sauce is also great for pasta. Before adding cream, add in 3/4 cup of the pasta water or chicken stock, heat to boiling, reduce, stir in the cream and warm through. Toss sauce with your choice of cooked pasta. May also substitute fresh crab, or cooked crumbled Italian sausage for the seafood, or serve without any protein, if desired.
Seafood Pan Roast: Prepare as above, omitting the fried green tomatoes, and doubling the sauce. Taste and adjust seasonings as needed. Spoon into soup bowls with a 1/2 cup sized scoop of hot, steamed rice. May also stir in cooked oysters (cook in seafood stock or plain water, until edges curl) and/or crabmeat.
Source: http://deepsouthdish.com
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Requires Adobe Reader - download it free!©Deep South Dish
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Samplitude 11.5 Producer is the one-stop package for all your music production needs, from recording, editing, sound processing and mixing to mastering your finished CDs.
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