text:
2016 Secret Santa: A Very Aussie Christmas
Mod: Madge & dimochka
Speed: 4 day Days, going for Nightless with max Night length 24 hours, obviously with extensions around Christmas and other busy times. Weekends count as half time.
Bastardry: Possible naive roles or other concealed mechanics, though no spoiler reading or alignment changing. Possibly very poorly balanced.
Standard Rules:
Posting rules:
- No posting in the game thread unless you are playing in it.
- No talking about this game except in the game thread or in an appropriately titled spoiler in the discussion thread.
- No player may read discussion spoilers about this game, even when they are dead. There are no spoiler reading roles.
- No editing your posts. For any reason. At any time.
- Do not lurk! One post per real-life day is the recommended minimum. Consideration will be given for weekends.
- Players lurking excessively will be replaced or, if replacement is not possible, modkilled. See above.
- Any player who is modkilled for rule violations (not lurking) will automatically lose.
- You may post in thread during the day phase but not the night phase. It is night a the mod posts a day-end post (this will not be before the official deadline, but knowing Madge could be quite a bit after it), or a hammer vote is cast, in which case it is automatically night, whether or not a mod has made a day-end post. Note that this means you may not post content after a hammer vote.
- You may not post, nor quote directly from, any PM from a mod. Paraphrasing is fine.
- You may not play to lose, or act in a way that is clearly against your win condition.
- You may not use encryption systems in order to communicate privately or circumvent these rules.
- This is a game; it's meant to be fun. Personal attacks or other offensive behaviour towards other players will not be tolerated.
- In general, days will last for 4 days. Nights will last for as long as it takes us to process night actions. Weekends will count as half time.
- Adjustments will be made to accommodate holidays, or for other reasons if the mod deems it necessary.
- In-thread deadline announcements from the mod override these rules.
- Requests for extensions will be considered in exceptional circumstances only.
- Deadlines are 'soft', meaning that posting and voting may continue after the deadline until the mod calls night.
- Remember there is no talking after a hammer vote is cast.
Voting rules:
- Votes and questions for the mod must be posted in bold and on a new line, like this:
Vote: Madge
You do NOT have to unvote to change votes, but it makes things easier and will be very much appreciated if you do. You can unvote in bold and on a new line, like this:
Unvote (Madge)
Vote: Egdam
- When someone gains a majority of the votes, they are automatically lynched and it becomes night, as above. Posting content after the hammer vote is not allowed, even if the hammer vote was accidental.
- If the deadline is reached and no player has been hammered, then the person with the most votes at the deadline will be lynched.
- If the votals are tied, then the person who hit the tied number of votes first will be lynched, unless all players are voting solely for the tied players, in which case there will be no lynch.
- You can vote not to lynch anyone by casting a vote for "NL" or "No Lynch". "No Lynch" will be treated exactly the same as any other player for determining votal results, except that "No Lynch" always wins ties.
Death rules:
- You're alive until you are hammered in a lynch, or a mod tells you that you're dead, by PM or in thread.
- Once you die, you may no longer post content in this thread. You may post death flavour or a 'Bah! You killed me,' post that reveals no information.
- Dead people may not read spoilers.
- Dead is dead. This is Christmas, not Halloween or Easter!
Private Message rules:
- You must include the mods in any PM you send related to this game.
- You can ask the mods questions by PM (at any time) if you'd rather not ask in thread.
- No PMing other players concerning this game unless your role specifically allows it.
- Any night actions must be sent by PM before the end of the day prior or within 24 hours of nightfall. If sent as part of a factional chat, please indicate the action in bold on a new line, as with voting. If you don't do this and we miss your action, tough.
- You can send backup actions but don't make the conditions too complicated.
Game Setup:
This means that I will tell you only what I think you need to know about the setup. You may ask me questions, but I may not answer.
I will not lie about the setup
Setup: Every player sends in a role, which is then randomly assigned to another player. The mod assigns alignments randomly to roles but alters the roles as necessary to maintain game balance. The mod may add factional abilities in addition to submitted roles. Most types of roles or powers are allowed: Christmas/holiday-themed or not, day actions or night actions or passive abilities, etc.
Claiming the role you sent in is strictly prohibited. If you do this you will be immediately modkilled with extreme predjudice.
Note that this includes hinting about it, giving information about it, saying 'I sent that role' in response to a claim.
And for the benefit of some of our sneakier, more legalistic players: I will modkill you even if the information is false, so don't try to 'reverse claim' either
Restrictions on submitted roles:
- No roles that specify a win condition or would only work with certain win conditions.
- Dead is dead - No roles with resurrection powers.
- No flavor-writing/influencing roles.
- No roles causing false role-reveals - hiding details is fine. (Naive miller/Naive godfather roles are acceptable, but the reveal will include both that the role was a miller/godfather and that the player did not know. Ditto sanities)
- No spoiler-reading roles.
- No alignment-changing roles.
- Roles may be edited (perhaps severely, or even replaced entirely) due to game balance, if the role doesn't follow the guidelines mentioned, or if the mod has some other reason. In the case of editing, the original author will not be informed.
- Gopher of Pern - town - WINNER
- Sabrar - town - WINNER
- jimbobmacdoodle - town - WINNER
moody7277killed n2 - town - WINNER
Djehutynakhtmpolo - town - WINNER
Carlingtonlynched d3 mafia - LOSER
adnapemitlynched d4 - SK - LOSER
SirGabrielkilled n1 - town - WINNER
- SDK - town - WINNER
- bessie - town - WINNER
matt96killed n3 - independent - WINNER
RoadieRichlynched d1 - mafia - LOSER
emlightenedlynched d2 - town - WINNER
kalirakilled n1 - mafia - LOSER


text:
Technology is how we change the world around us; science is how we seek to understand it. Some people ignore, others dabble. And then there are the rare ones who revolutionize. The visionaries and big thinkers. The long-workers and midnight oil-burners. Some discover new worlds and novel technologies; others invent them. All of these people drive the human race forward. But why?
We're asking.
What Was It is a series of short interviews co-hosted on Gizmodo and io9 that asks the luminaries of science and technology what inspired them. What was it that first opened their eyes? From comic books to Pulitzer-winning writing; from epic films to television commercials. Heroes. Villains. Before we can innovate, we must dream, and we're going to be asking some of the most incredible people in the world about what they dreamt before they went out and changed everything. We're expecting to hear it all. Join us, and become inspired yourself. And change our world forever.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Help me with Marketing
Προϋπολογισμός $30-250 CAD
I am looking for someone to help me do "secretarial" / marketing with:
Emailing & finding future clients / businesses in my area (i.e., Montreal, Canada) to promote:
1. My yoga services to corporations, youth centres, schools, seniors homes... I would like you to write the emails, attach a flyer with the information, find their phone numbers, and do a follow up call.
2. My educational consulting business to school while trying to promote my other service such as bullying prevention, sexual health education, teachers training on classroom management, meditation ...
You would be asked to do the same as noted above, which is to email and call all the schools in my area (or Internationally) to promote this service. I would always need to approve the emails before sending and thus your english skills should be strong in that area, and your ability to clearly and confidently make cold calls to the companies, so you should have an international phone plan.
3. Any other emailing, social media, or assistance of small projects.
I would need you to be great at sales, social able, confident communicator, Google Docs, Adobe Illustrator (design is an asset), marketing, social media, and readily available.
Thank you,
5 freelancers κάνουν προσφορές κατά μέσο όρο $120 για αυτή τη δουλειά
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text:
Stars for a New Day
83 x 83"
At the Houston quilt show, Alex Anderson and Ricky Tims hosted a booth for The Quilt Show, their online community for quilters. Alex and Ricky are warm and genuine people. They had invited me to design and make the 2009 Quilt Show block-of-the-month. And so my quilt, "Stars for a New Day," made its debut (pictured above). The quilt patterns for this block-of-the-month are free of cost to anyone who signs up for a year's membership with The Quilt Show at http://www.thequiltshow.com/. Each month in 2009, a new pattern becomes available online and members print it out. The quilt pattern is a bargain if you join, but there is so much more. Go to The Quilt Show website, take the "tour," and see one of the online video shows. Membership is a lot of fun!
By the way -- I also started making a second version of "Stars for a New Day" using Alex Anderson's "Never Enough Romance" line of fabric -- I love how it is turning out.
And so what else have I been working on? I finished Ruffled Feathers -- I love the blocks in it because they each have a "halo" around the star. The blocks are easily made and the pattern, as are all of mine , is available from Quakertown Quilts (http://www.quakertownquilts.com/).
Ruffled Feathers
69-1/2 x 85-1/2 inches
I also finished my chocolate and bubble gum colored "Lily Rosenberry" quilt. As soon as it comes home from its visit to a local quilt shop, I'll post a photo of it. I love brown and pink fabrics together.
And so what am I working on now? I am leading two workshops and giving a lecture down on Galveston Island in February. One workshop will be aimed at teaching applique techniques and skills, using an antique rose pattern (pictured below). The other quilt will be a delightfully simple pieced quilt with no critical seamline intersections -- I'm looking forward to a fun day with that class, because there is nothing frustrating about the piecing. Pictures of that quilt will be forthcoming! If anyone is interested in the Galveston Retreat, it is being organized through Quakertown Quilts -- we always have a lot of fun at this gathering, and winter is Galveston's best-kept secret!
The Antique Rose Quilt
69 x 86 inches
That's all for now -- I hope you are enjoying the Fall weather.
Until we meet again, happy quilting!
(c)2008 Susan H. Garman


text:
De Muisof de gestoorde nachtrust
Book Excerpt
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text:
Texture: Nothing too interesting to say here. It starts off a bit too soft for my tastes but after a few minutes it firms up nicely.
Presentation: I've always been a fan of the 5 graphics, and this is no differently. Love the sleek black ribbed cardstock with the bright, almost tie-dyed color splashes. The matching foil is always pleasing to the eye.
Overall: As usual, I gasped with excitement when I saw a new gum in the checkout line today, and swooped it right up. I was super stoked that 5 had gone back to its roots after all the "React" shenanigans they've toyed us with recently. Unfortunately, this gum disappoints. Normally you can trust that 5 will be a worthy chew no matter what the flavor, but I'd probably stick to Extra Fruit Sensations Sweet Watermelon if I wanted a watermelony chew.
Rating: oo (two gumballs)


text:
Introducing Olivia
like what you see? Visit my fanpage! check it out!
All models appearing on this website are 18 year or older at the time of being photographed. Click here for 18 U.S.C. 2257 Record Keeping Requirements Compliance Statement. By entering this site, you swear that you are of legal age in your area to view adult material and that you wish to view such material.
Copyright © 2019 AdultCentro. All Rights Reserved - The contents of this gallery is used with explicit permission of AdultCentro


text:
"I am 24 years of age and I have a four year old son named Dexter. I have trouble finding a reliable sitter for my son, so I decided to become one! My calendar is hard to update because most of the fam..." Sign Up to See Full Profile
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text:
To Editor of the
Estherville Daily News:
I want to take this opportunity to thank the ELC School Foundation for the award of Champion in Education. I feel very humble and honored to receive such a prestigious award. I also want to thank someone I forgot to mention in my remarks last Tuesday night, the Estherville Daily News for all their wonderful coverage during the fifteen years I was elementary principal at Estherville Lincoln Central Schools.
The Daily News, especially Mike Tidemann and Dave Swartz, have done a wonderful job of telling the story at the elementary over my years as principal. Lannee Stine, a Demoney secretary, made a wonderful scrapbook of newspaper clippings we had collected since I started at ELC in 1997. There were over 180 different pictures/articles regarding elementary activities/events. WOW!!! That's a lot of newsprint. When we called the paper they usually came and if they couldn't they were more than willing to print a picture and news story we sent to them. They helped us by covering fundraisers, projects, special speakers, music programs, and anything that was happening at the elementary. The articles written about me when I was retiring and now as a Champion in Education are greatly appreciated and have been shared with my family and friends. Estherville is very lucky to have a daily paper that truly cares about the community and helps to promote the accomplishments of ELC students and staff.
I would also like to thank KILR radio station for all their help in my fifteen years at ELC. They were always willing to let us talk on the morning radio show to promote Kindergarten round-up, preschool registration, and/or any special events or fundraisers. When we were putting up the playground and needed more workers, Dave and Chris were our town criers. Believe it or not, they landed a couple of able bodies that helped immensely in finishing the playground in two days. Ed Funston, KILR's news director, often called to clarify facts or secure a comment before finalizing an elementary news story.
Of course, all great accomplishments have great people behind them. I would like to thank the community, businesses, local agencies, parents, teachers, staff, secretaries, administrators, school board members, past and present. Many of the people involved in the writing the grants and implementing programs while I was at ELC have moved away or are retired, but if they are reading this today, THANKS!!! You know who you are!!! We all worked hard to make our school system better for students, so they could maximize their potential in becoming confident, independent citizens with good character.
Educationally yours;
Kris Schlievert
ELC Elementary Principal 1997-2012


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Well, I think you have erred somewhat. The longterm effects of meth are massive weight loss and drug-induced, permanent schizophrenia. This strikes me as just a teeny bit different from the side effects of tobacco. You need better arguments than this to convince anyone of anything.gregkavarnos wrote:Crystal meth, in controlled doses, also increases one capacity to focus. Do you also reccomend crystal meth? The side effects are not so different.Well increased concentration is one, which I took advantage of while working on a degree.
I know what happens to me then. I have never had a nic fit while in meditation.No, coz during long periods of meditation you start to go into withdrawal and... well, I am sure you know what happens then!Might apply to meditation as well.
Quite the contrary.It settles the mind.
Sez you. I find it settles my mind very nicely thank you, and I don't have to be in withdrawal for it to work.
I've deleted some weak arguments centred around the idea that some of the benefits can be had without smoking. While such arguments are correct, smokers experience these benefits on a very regular basis, and the possibility of getting those benefits by other means does not change this.
Using Buddhism to justify your addiction? Come now CM, please don't sink that low!It's odd that people speak about smoking as if it were purely, inherently evil. Fortunately the Buddha taught us not to believe in inherent natures and pursue a middle path, one in which we can see everything as it is - a mixture of harm and benefit, in flux, changeable in every moment and often surprising.
No, I'm not using Buddhism to justify smoking, such a thing would be impossible anyhow. I'm simply encouraging people to think of smokers in a Buddhist manner, and that just might include a bit of compassion.


text:
Casual ruby
Casual has a big textured weave with some lovely natural colours.
Brandon small sofa dimensions
A - Width: 170cm
B - Overall height: 91cm
C - Frame height: 78cm
D - Frame height without legs: 61cm
E - Depth: 95cm
F - Sofa bed open: n/a
G - Mattress width: n/a
What do I get as standard?
- Handmade in our British workshops
- 15 year frame guarantee
- Hardwood frame
- Smart fixed covers
- Clean lined low maintenance foam seat cushions with fibre back and bolster cushions
- Arms can be removed for access on extra large, large & medium sizes
- The footstool is lidded for clever storage
Additional options?
If you would prefer another leg colour, or a different colour fabric then please get in touch or visit your nearest shop.
Want to customise your sofa?
Call us FREE on 0800 23 00 048 or visit us in store
Flexible payment options to suit you
We offer interest free credit on orders of £500 and over. Click here for full details.


text:
DENVER — Dexter Fowler, the blossoming center fielder for the Rockies, has switched to agent Scott Boras. Fowler confirmed the move to The Denver Post in a text message.
"They are great," Fowler said of the move he made in November.
Fowler enjoyed an impressive rookie season, hitting .266 with four home runs, 34 RBIs. He posted a .363 on-base percentage and stole 27 bases. Fowler joins Carlos Gonzalez and Ryan Spilborghs as Rockies currently represented by Boras. Boras is considered the premier agent in the business, though some teams have had trouble working with him. Fowler's contract status is a non-issue this spring given that he has less than three years service time. The club can renew him at the price it decides.
The Rockies have worked well with Boras when his clients have reached the arbitration process, namely Matt Holliday and most recently Spilborghs. However, they were unable to come to terms on a longterm deal with Holliday, which prompted the Rockies to trade him to Oakland prior to last season. Holliday signed a seven-year, $120-million contract earlier this month to remain with the St. Louis Cardinals.


text:
I've heard this said often.
I've also heard it said that women are unforgiving and uncompromising. Do you think that's true?
Personally, I think the world would be a better place with women in charge. I think women should have taken charge from the get go. I think our strong moral sense (granted not present in all humans or women but I find more present in women than men) and empathy (yes, not always present either, yet more in women it seems) would lead to a strong structure but less laws overall.
Maybe that's just me. I like to put a framework in place with rules that are enforced every time but these rules are just to keep folks from harming others or property. The rest is wide open for individual freedom and creativity.
Views: 967
Absolutely. I believe that also Daniel.
Men are ok.............once they have been neutered of course. :)
No. It would not. It would be hell. Even though there are so many horrible sexist things that shit me to tears, and the fact that even the most intelligent man will never understand how much women are victimised...
But a world ruled solely by women? No way. It would be one massive bitch fest - I just have to look at my workplace and it's a rare thing to find another woman that is not interested in mundane bs like which celebrity did who, and what hairstyle, and how their baby pooed so cutely.... I think I would go insane.
Particularly NOW, with Generation iUseless. It's like they behave like a caricature of a drag queen, all you hear (loudly, and rudely) is ME ME ME ME.... and I got this and I got that.... all the while madly tapping on their iShyte whilst talking (???) to you.... They don't know how to do the traditional female work, which is now beneath them, yet they don't know how to do anything else either, they have a self-entitlement as to what they think they deserve, and yet believe they need to do nothing to reap those rewards. Can you imagine something like this leading the planet?
Also, as someone who is going through menopause, I can tell you that FINALLY I get those glimpses of what it is like to not be ruled by the indecision of emotion - and to realise just how much it DOES play a factor - and yes I know, there will be women jumping up and down on the spot saying "not true, not true"... but it is.
No, A perfect world would have a BALANCE, women and men, not like now where its still very male dominated, or a future that is the reverse. We each have qualities that compliment the other.
I'm all for balance as an ideal.
If I have to chose between mostly women or mostly men running things though I'd pick women. You know what would be even better? Women leading that come from a women lead society instead of our male lead one. Yes! I like that idea!
And btw, I'm in menopause too. LOL
Also keep in mind. The problems with the women in your office are the problems of women raised and really generations of women raised in a patriarch society. Just imagine if they had been raised in a nurturing needs based community first type of society.
There's only one way to find out for sure, and that's possible only after equality. At least keep pushing in that direction, and note the outcomes.
"Not a shred of evidence supports the existence of matriarchy anywhere in the world at any time"—Camille Paglia
Elsewhere—though I'm having trouble finding it online, so it may be from a speech she gave here locally—she expanded on that thought and said something like "If matriarchy were a viable form, we'd have successful matriarchal societies and not just some island or tribe here and there. Something that works survives and prospers and expands its borders." By the last part, I take her to mean that the IDEA expands its borders, not that the society conquers its neighbors.
I have always speculated that if some society, such as some Oceanic island, is matriarchal, it's because the men would rather fish and hunt and swing in hammocks than govern than run the everyday business of the island and so the delegate those responsibilities, simply leaving the impression that it's a matriarchal society. The men could take their power back quickly if ever it became necessary.
Yes, we need to breed and populate the world with billions of Pastafarians. Pizza be upon you, Ramen.


text:
Items where Subject is "Health > Public Health > Health Risk Factors"
Number of items at this level: 154.
Robare, J. F. and Bayles, C. M. and Newman, A. B. and Williams, K. and Milas, C. and Boudreau, R. and McTigue, K. and Albert, S. M. and Taylor, C. and Kuller, L. H.
Oser, Carrie S. and Blades, Lynda L. and Strasheim, Carol and Helgerson, Steven D. and Gohdes, Dorothy and Harwell, Todd S.
Hamer, Mark and Chida, Yoichi
Reusser, Molly E and DiRienzo, Douglas B and Miller, Gregory D and McCarron, David A
Dawson, George
Calvin, D. and Quinn, L. and Dancy, B. and Park, C. and Fleming, S. G. and Smith, E. and Fogelfeld, L.
Rosenthal, Jorge and Raymond, Dawn and Morita, Julie and McCauley, Mary and Diaz, Pam and David, Felicita and Rodewald, Lance
Sadler, Georgia Robins and Escobar, Rita Paola and Ko, Celine Marie and White, Monique and Lee, Shianti and Neal, Tiffany and Gilpin, Elizabeth A
Matsui, Elizabeth C and Simons, Elinor and Rand, Cynthia and Butz, Arlene and Buckley, Timothy J and Breysse, Patrick and Eggleston, Peyton A
Bogart, Laura M and Thorburn, Sheryl
Rose, Abigail and Peters, Nikki and Shea, Judy A and Armstrong, Katrina
Stall, Ron and Mills, Thomas C and Williamson, John and Hart, Trevor and Greenwood, Greg and Paul, Jay and Pollack, Lance and Binson, Diane and Osmond, Dennis and Catania, Joseph A
Lee, Douglas S. and Pencina, Michael J. and Benjamin, Emelia J. and Wang, Thomas J. and Levy, Daniel and O'Donnell, Christopher J. and Nam, Byung-Ho and Larson, Martin G. and D'Agostino, Ralph B. and Vasan, Ramachandran S.
Pavlik, Valory N. and Hyman, David J. and Wendt, Juliet A. and Orengo, Claudia
Casper , M.L. and Denny , C.H. and Coolidge , J.N. and Williams , G.I. and Crowell , A. and Galloway , J.M. and Cobb , N.
Johnson, J L and Cameron, M C
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
News, Rx
Malebranche, David J
Obasogie, Osagie K.
Berenson, Gerald S
Cauley, Jane A and Lui, Li-Yung and Ensrud, Kristine E and Zmuda, Joseph M and Hochberg, Marc C and Cummings, Steven R
Carpenter, David O.
Thomas, Stephen B. and Leite, Bernadette and Duncan, Ted
Chapman, Donna J. and Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael
Becker, Diane M and Tuggle, Melvin B and Prentice, Marshall F
Schweigman, Kurt and Eichner, June and Welty, Thomas K. and Zhang, Ying
Trubo, Richard
Schoch-Spana, Monica and Franco, Crystal and Nuzzo, Jennifer B. and Usenza, Christiana
Onwuanyi, Anekwe E. and Abe, Oluwole and Quarshie, Alexander and Al-Mahmoud, Ahmad and Lapu-Bula, Rigobert and Francis, Charles K. and Ofili, Elizabeth
Ziegler, Jan
Baruth, Meghan and Wilcox, Sara and Egan, Brent M and Dowda, Marsha and Laken, Marilyn and Warren, Tatiana Y
Young-Hyman, Deborah and Herman, Leanna J. and Scott, Dawnavan L. and Schlundt, David G.
Hajat, Cother and Dundas, Ruth and Stewart, Judy A and Lawrence, Enas and Rudd, Anthony G and Howard, Robin and Wolfe, Charles D A
Adams, Elizabeth J and Chavez, Gilberto F and Steen, Donna and Shah, Rugmini and Iyasu, Solomon
Halkitis, PN and Parsons, JT and Wolitski, RJ and Remien, RH
Lipkus, I M and Lyna, P R and Rimer, B K
Cook, Curtiss B. and Tsui, Circe and Ziemer, David C. and Naylor, Dorothy B. and Miller, William J. and Hentz, Joseph G.
Robinson, Robert G.
Mein, S. and Winkleby, M. A.
Anderson, John E
Peniston, Reginald L and Adams-Campbell, Lucile and Fletcher, John W and Williams, Eric C and Murigande, Charles and Mensah, Ernest and Crittenden, Michael D and Diggs, James A
Khurana, Charanjit and Rosenbaum, Christina G and Howard, Barbara V and Adams-Campbell, Lucile L and Detrano, Robert C and Klouj, Afifa and Hsia, Judith
Onwuanyi, Anekwe E. and Abe, Oluwole and McMahon, Donald J. and Weil, Henry F. C. and Philbin, Edward F. and Francis, Charles K. and Marx, Herbert and Reed, Roberta G
Moayad, Neda and Balca´zar, He´ctor and Pedrego´n, Vero´nica and Velasco, Luis and Bayona, Manuel
Benjamin, Georges C.
Maskarinec, Gertraud and Grandinetti, Andrew and Matsuura, Grace and Sharma, Sangita and Mau, Marjorie and Henderson, Brian E and Kolonel, Laurence N
Thrasher, Angela D. and Earp, Jo Anne L. and Golin, Carol E. and Zimmer, Catherine R.
Murff, Harvey J and Spigel, David R and Syngal, Sapna
Harris, Susan S
Ochner, Margaret and Ayala, Carma and Jiles, Ruth
Seale, J. Paul and Davis-Smith, Monique and Okosun, Ike
Castro, Felipe González and Shaibi, Gabriel Q. and Boehm-Smith, Edna
Murray, Christopher J. L. and Kulkarni, Sandeep C. and Michaud, Catherine and Tomijima, Niels and Bulzacchelli, Maria T. and Iandiorio, Terrell J. and Ezzati, Majid
Garlow, Steven J and Purselle, David and Heninger, Michael
Shiono, P H and Rauh, V A and Park, M and Lederman, S A and Zuskar, D
Kirk, Julienne K and Bell, Ronny A and Bertoni, Alain G and Arcury, Thomas A and Quandt, Sara A and Goff, David C and Narayan, K M Venkat
Mosca, Lori and Banka, Carole L. and Benjamin, Emelia J. and Berra, Kathy and Bushnell, Cheryl and Dolor, Rowena J. and Ganiats, Theodore G. and Gomes, Antoinette S. and Gornik, Heather L. and Gracia, Clarissa and Gulati, Martha and Haan, Constance K. and Judelson, Debra R. and Keenan, Nora and Kelepouris, Ellie and Michos, Erin D. and Newby, L. Kristin and Oparil, Suzanne and Ouyang, Pamela and Oz, Mehmet C and Diana Petitti, Diana and Pinn, Vivian W. and Redberg, Rita F. and Scott, Rosalyn and Sherif, Katherine and Smith, Sidney C. and Sopko, George and Steinhorn, Robin H. and Stone, Neil J. and Taubert, Kathryn A.. and Todd, Barbara A. and Urbina, Elaine and Wenger, Nanette K.
Robbins, J. M
Rimmer, James H and Nicola, Terry and Riley, Barth and Creviston, Todd
Hunt, Steven C and Gwinn, Marta and Adams, Ted D
Hariri, Susan and Yoon, Paula W. and Qureshi, Nadeem and Valdez, Rodolfo and Scheuner, Maren T. and Khoury, Muin J.
Jack, L. and Toston, T. and Jack, N. H. and Sims, M.
DeHaven, Mark J. and Ramos-Roman, Maria A. and Gimpel, Nora and Carson, JoAnn and DeLemos, James and Pickens, Sue and Simmons, Chris and Powell-Wiley, Tiffany and Banks-Richard, Kamakki and Shuval, Kerem and Duval, Julie and Tong, Liyue and Hsieh, Natalie and Lee, Jenny J.
Williams, Richard Allen and Gavin, James R., III and Phillips, Robert A. and Sumner, Anne E. and Duncan, Alan K. and Hollar, Danielle and Hennekens, Charles H.
Chesson, Harrell W and Pinkerton, Steven D and Voigt, Richard and Counts, George W
Robillard, Alyssa G. and Larkey, Linda
Braveman, P. and Barclay, C.
Braithwaite, Ronald L. and Taylor, Sandra E. and Treadwell, Henrie M., eds.
Hunt, Haslyn and Bangs, Ralph and Thompson, Ken
Majewski, Steve
Michigan, Inter-Tribal Council
Centers for, Disease Control
Gomez, Scarlett L and Kelsey, Jennifer L and Glaser, Sally L and Lee, Marion M and Sidney, Stephen
Thomas, James C. and Torrone, Elizabeth
Chao, Shin Margaret and Donatoni, Giannina and Bemis, Cathleen and Donovan, Kevin and Harding, Cynthia and Davenport, Deborah and Gilbert, Carol and Kasehagen, Laurin and Peck, Magda G.
Mair, Christina and Diez Roux, Ana V. and Osypuk, Theresa L. and Rapp, Stephen R. and Seeman, Teresa and Watson, Karol E.
DiIorio, Colleen and Resnicow, Ken and Thomas, Stephen and Wang, Dongqing Terry and Dudley, William N. and Van Marter, Deborah F. and Lipana, Jenny
Lim, Jung-Won
Brown, Diane R. and Ahmed, Feroz and Gary, Lawrence E. and Milburn, Norweeta G.
Rossen, Lauren M. and Pollack, Keshia M.
Satia, J. A.
Scribner, Richard Allen and Theall, Katherine P. and Simonsen, Neal R. and Mason, Karen E. and Yu, Qingzhao
National Institute, on Drug Abuse
Larson, Nicole I. and Story, Mary T. and Nelson, Melissa C.
Diez Roux, A V and Merkin, S S and Arnett, D and Chambless, L and Massing, M and Nieto, F J and Sorlie, P and Szklo, M and Tyroler, H A and Watson, R L
Vaughan, Roger and Cushman, Linda F and Nye, Andrea
Shankar, S and Nanda, J P and Bonney, G and Kofie, V
Briggs, Nathaniel C. and Levine, Robert S. and Hall, H. Irene and Cosby, Otis and Brann, Edward A. and Hennekens, Charles H.
Johnelle Sparks, P
Adams, Kenneth F. and Schatzkin, Arthur and Harris, Tamara B. and Kipnis, Victor and Mouw, Traci and Ballard-Barbash, Rachel and Hollenbeck, Albert and Leitzmann, Michael F.
Levandowski, Brooke A. and Sharma, Priya and Lane, Sandra D. and Webster, Noah and Nestor, Amanda M. and Cibula, Donald A. and Huntington, Sally
Traylor, A. H. and Subramanian, U. and Uratsu, C. S. and Mangione, C. M. and Selby, J. V. and Schmittdiel, J. A.
Zhu, Kangmin and Hunter, Sandra and Payne-Wilks, Kathleen and Sutcliffe, Cara and Bentley, Christy and Roland, Chanel L. and Williams, Scott M.
Bouchard, Maryse F. and Chevrier, Jonathan and Harley, Kim G. and Kogut, Katherine and Vedar, Michelle and Calderon, Norma and Trujillo, Celina and Johnson, Caroline and Bradman, Asa and Boyd Barr, Dana and Eskenazi, Brenda
Engel, Stephanie M. and Wetmur, James and Chen, Jia and Zhu, Chenbo and Boyd Barr, Dana and Canfield, Richard L. and Wolff, Mary S.
Baune, Bernhard T. and Lachman, Margie E. and Agrigoroaei, Stefan
DiClemente, Ralph and Wingood, Gina and Crosby, Richard and Sionean, Catlainn and Brown, Larry and Rothbaum, Barbara and Zimand, Elana and Cobb, Brenda and Harrington, Kathy and Davies, Susan
Brown, Natasha A.
Luque, J. S. and Ross, Levi and Gwede, Clement K.
Jackson, Fleda Mask
Mathis, Jo
Hawkins, Marquis
Kahn, Henry S. and Williamson, David F. and Brancati, Frederick L. and Kao, W. H. Linda and Szklo, Moyses and Folsom, Aaron R. and Watson, Robert L.
Sacco, R L and Boden-Albala, B and Abel, G and Lin, I F and Elkind, M and Hauser, W A and Paik, M C and Shea, S
Krieger, Nancy and Chen, Jarvis T. and Waterman, Pamela D. and Rehkopf, David H. and Subramanian, S.V.
WILLIAMS, DAVID R. and YU, YAN and JACKSON, JAMES S. and ANDERSON, NORMAN B.
Halm, E. A. and Tuhrim, S. and Wang, J. J. and Rojas, M. and Rockman, C. and Riles, T. S. and Chassin, M. R.
Wendel, Christopher S and Shah, Jayendra H and Duckworth, William C and Hoffman, Richard M and Mohler, M Jane and Murata, Glen H
Fussman, Chris and Rafferty, Ann P and Reeves, Mathew J and Zackery, Shannon and Lyon-Callo, Sarah and Anderson, Beth
Taveras, E. M. and Gillman, M. W. and Kleinman, K. and Rich-Edwards, J. W. and Rifas-Shiman, S. L.
James-Todd, Tamarra and Senie, Ruby and Terry, Mary Beth
Shariff-Marco, S. and Klassen, A. C. and Bowie, J. V.
Davis, Jaimie N. and Kelly, Louise A. and Lane, Christianne J. and Ventura, Emily E. and Byrd-Williams, Courtney E. and Alexandar, Katharine A. and Azen, Stanley P. and Chou, Chih-Ping and Spruijt-Metz, Donna and Weigensberg, Marc J. and Berhane, Kiros and Goran, Michael I.
White, Renée T.
Ezzati, Majid and Friedman, Ari B. and Kulkarni, Sandeep C. and Murray, Christopher J. L.
Tierney-Gumaer, Rosalie and Reifsnider, Elizabeth
Chen, Jyu-Lin and Weiss, Sandra and Heyman, Melvin B and Lustig, Robert
Taylor, Jacquelyn Y.
Hartley, David
Jenerette, Coretta and Funk, Marjorie and Murdaugh, Carolyn
Borrell, Luisa N. and Jacobs, David R., Jr. and Williams, David R. and Pletcher, Mark J. and Houston, Thomas K. and Kiefe, Catarina I.
Chatterjee, R. and Yeh, H.-C. and Shafi, T. and Anderson, C. and Pankow, J. S. and Miller, E. R. and Levine, D. and Selvin, E. and Brancati, F. L.
Sampson, Robert J. and Morenoff, Jeffrey D. and Raudenbush, Stephen
Link, Bruce G. and Phelan, Jo
Adimora, Adaora A and Schoenbach, Victor J
Shenassa, Edmond D. and Stubbendick, Amy and Brown, Mary Jean
Merchant, Ann
Jones, Randy and Steeves, Richard and Williams, Ishan
Liao, Youlian and Bang, David and Cosgrove, Shannon and Dulin, Rick and Harris, Zachery and Taylor, April and White, Shannon and Yatabe, Graydon and Liburd, Leandris and Giles, Wayne
Keppel, Kenneth G
Ranney, Leah and Melvin, Cathy and Lux, Linda and McClain, Erin and Morgan, Laura and Lohr, Kathleen N.
Labonté, Ronald and Blouin, Chantal and Chopra, Mickey and Lee, Kelley and Packer, Corinne and Rowson, Mike and Schrecker, Ted and Woodward, David
Carlo, Gustavo and Crockett, Lisa J. and Carranza, Miguel A. and Martinez, Miriam M.
Factor, Roni and Kawachi, Ichiro and Williams, David R.
Willett, Walter C. and Hu, Frank B. and Colditz, Graham A. and Manson, JoAnn E.
Collins, James W. Jr and David, Richard J. and Handler, Arden and Wall, Stephen and Andes, Steven
Lee, Bruce and Bedford, Virginia and Roberts, Mark and Carley, Kathleen
Anderson, Carol M. and Robins, Cynthia S. and Greeno, Catherine G. and Cahalane, Helen and Copeland, Valire Carr and Andrews, R. Marc
Sriwattanakomen, Roy and McPherron, Jesse and Chatman, Jamie and Morse, Jennifer Q. and Martire, Lynn M. and Karp, Jordan F. and Houck, Patricia R. and Bensasi, Salem and Houle, Jill and Stack, Jacqueline A. and Woods, Mattie and Block, Bruce and Thomas, Stephen B. and Quinn, Sandra and Reynolds, Charles F.
Miller, J E
Blum, R W and Beuhring, T and Shew, M L and Bearinger, L H and Sieving, R E and Resnick, M D
Schofield, Grant M. and Gianotti, Simon and Badland, Hannah M. and Hinckson, Erica A.
Acevedo, Marcela C.
Paradies, Yin
Feldman, R H and Fulwood, R


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When we are busy parenting teaching the "what" and the "how"—making challah, making latkes, creating the most beautiful tzedekah boxes—when does the "why," the deep-rooted meaning come in? Do we take for granted that it is there? Do we take for granted that personal connections are being made? I began thinking about this when I read Teaching the Why? by Rabbi Ari Moffic on InterfaithFamily.com, I found it to be an intriguing piece posing some very interesting questions. How do we teach culture and meaning?
I want my children to make those personal connections and integrate what they do Jewishly with who they are as people. As their mother, I take responsibility for making the connections possible and supporting their success. I do not believe this can be outsourced by sending my children to Hebrew school and Jewish day camp and other Jewish activities. I do send them to Hebrew school and Jewish day camp as wonderful supplements for Jewish infusion, but I don't rely solely on them to make them feel Jewish. My children feel Jewish because of the home we have created. Mezuzahs don our doors. The Sabbath bride is a welcome guest in our home each week. We sing songs and pray together at religious services in our synagogue. We live Jewishly.
I made the commitment to raise our children in the Jewish tradition when I knew very little about how to do that. Raised Roman Catholic, I realized that I would be making a commitment to live a Jewish life without fully knowing what that would entail. Not knowing exactly how that would play out at the time, it was a pretty big leap of faith. One that meant I would look pretty Jewish for a long time. I do this to support the Jewish fluency in my children Rabbi Moffic talks about in her piece.
I think about the mitzvah in Judaism that commands parents to teach their child to swim. On a practical level, it is a good skill to have. But I think its deeper meaning calls parents to do everything they can to make sure their children can swim on their own and lead responsible, productive lives. Ensuring our children are well-equipped to go out on their own takes a great deal of personal commitment over many years. We don't just throw them in the deep end and hope for the best. Learning anything—swimming, riding a bike, playing the piano—requires dedication and practice, lots of practice. Supporting my children's spiritual development goes hand in hand with teaching them how to take care of themselves and others
My job is to provide the context for the content. Sometimes I am a student. I read a lot. I have taken classes in Judaism and attend seminars and workshops. Sometimes I am an educator. I lead challah-making workshops at synagogues and libraries in my area. Something that I like to do at my challah-making events while the dough is resting is to give a talk about the wonderful gift of Shabbat and how leading a Jewish life translates into leading a balanced life. I tell the story of the book. Jewish people are sometimes referred to as the people of the book. How many sides does a book have? You may say six—a front, back, top, bottom, and two sides. But there is one more side, the inside, where the important information for the book lives. We spend all week being busy, living our lives on the outside of the book. On Shabbat, we are called to go inside. And the inside is the best part.
When I started my Jewish journey, I knew what I was learning would be important for my family. Growing up Catholic, I was taught that Jewish people have a special covenant with God that will never be broken. I was impressed that my husband is part of this historic tradition. Abraham was the first Jewish person, and here is my husband five thousand plus years later keeping that tradition alive. Wow. It is amazing to think about. But it doesn't mean I think less of the tradition I was raised in. So why did I make that leap of faith? Because I was raised by a mother who dedicated her life to make sure her children had a well-developed spiritual maturity as adults. She knew we would be swimming on our own one day and would be making our own choices. And she gave me the skills to learn another language.


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How to: Marshal ANSI Strings Using C++ Interop
This topic demonstrates how ANSI strings can be passed using C++ Interop, but the .NET Framework String represents strings in Unicode format, so conversion to ANSI is an extra step. For interoperating with other string types, see the following topics:
The following code examples use the managed, unmanaged #pragma directives to implement managed and unmanaged functions in the same file, but these functions interoperate in the same manner if defined in separate files. Because files containing only unmanaged functions do not need to be compiled with /clr (Common Language Runtime Compilation), they can retain their performance characteristics.
The example demonstrates passing an ANSI string from a managed to an unmanaged function using StringToHGlobalAnsi. This method allocates memory on the unmanaged heap and returns the address after performing the conversion. This means that no pinning is necessary (because memory on the GC heap is not being passed to the unmanaged function) and that the IntPtr returned from StringToHGlobalAnsi must be explicitly released or a memory leak results.
// MarshalANSI1.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
#pragma unmanaged
void NativeTakesAString(const char* p) {
printf_s("(native) received '%s'\n", p);
#pragma managed
int main() {
String^ s = gcnew String("sample string");
IntPtr ip = Marshal::StringToHGlobalAnsi(s);
const char* str = static_cast<const char*>(ip.ToPointer());
Console::WriteLine("(managed) passing string...");
NativeTakesAString( str );
Marshal::FreeHGlobal( ip );
The following example demonstrates the data marshaling required to access an ANSI string in a managed function that is called by an unmanaged function. The managed function, on receiving the native string, can either use it directly or convert it to a managed string using the PtrToStringAnsi method, as shown.
// MarshalANSI2.cpp
// compile with: /clr
#include <iostream>
#include <vcclr.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
#pragma managed
void ManagedStringFunc(char* s) {
String^ ms = Marshal::PtrToStringAnsi(static_cast<IntPtr>(s));
Console::WriteLine("(managed): received '{0}'", ms);
#pragma unmanaged
void NativeProvidesAString() {
cout << "(native) calling managed func...\n";
ManagedStringFunc("test string");
#pragma managed
int main() {


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Now that our numbers are rising to the dizzying heights of over 6, it's time to talk about having our first meet.
There are plenty of options - hence the poll.
We can probably leave real 4x4ing for a 4WDNI club event which we can easily piggyback / hijack. It would not in all likelyhood be cost effective to rent a location for so few people as we have just in FOG Ireland alone.
I would hope to have it somehere central but it's down to numbers and the kind of event we decide on.
I'll drive anywhere just to get at a beer.
then never the other way around
Enough smilies?
PS: If any of the FOG members from England/Scotland/Wales etc are game to come over for the meet then the first one is on me!


text:
3707 Hale Lane
Island Lake, Illinois 60042
Listing information updated 7/5/2019 at 2:43pm
Listing Office: Ryan and Company REALTORS, Inc
Disclaimer: The data relating to real estate for sale on this website comes in part from the Broker Reciprocity Program of Midwest Real Estate Data, LLC. Real estate listings held by brokerage firms other than @properties are marked with the Broker Reciprocity thumbnail logo and detailed information about them includes the name of the listing brokers.
Island Lake
As every city-dweller knows, sometimes you feel like escaping to an island. Fortunately, there's Island Lake just a few miles away in the northwest suburbs. Island Lake, incorporated in 1952, is a small island-centric community located in Lake and McHenry…Learn More
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text:
21st January 2018
Chief client officer, Danica Ross on the need to get critical about how you evaluate your PR program.
The new year has ushered in dramatic change for Grayling and many of our clients. Gone are the days of iterating on previous programs or "doubling down" on successful initiatives. And with good reason.
We're in a brave new world. From reinvigorated threats of nuclear war, to #MeToo, to cataclysmic natural phenomena – one thing is clear, we are not the body public that we were a year ago.
And a new culture, demands new approaches.
In our #6into18 trends series, we explore the new cultural and consumer landscape, pulling through the marketing and communication trends that will help brand and corporate communicators achieve the cut-through they crave in 2018.
For most brands, these trends represent a paradigm shift in the way they think about, and approach, PR.
But here's the rub – if we shift the way we think about, and approach, our programs, then we must be careful also to shift the way we measure those program.
Happily for Grayling and our clients, we have our own Jon Meakin, a respected leader in the field of measurement and seated Board Member of the Association for the Measurement and Evaluation of Communications (AMEC) to help design custom metrics that truly measure program efficacy.
For those of you who don't have daily access to Jon, here are five cardinal rules to help get you on the road to better measurement.
DO Start with your commercial objectives
Your communications need to ladder up to what your business wants to achieve commercially. If you aren't supporting the business in its path forward, then you aren't essential. And if you aren't essential, you're too expensive to invest in.
DO Assign numbers
Measurement should not be a matter of opinion. Did we hit our KPI is a yes or no answer…but only if you set the KPI up properly. "Increase" is not a number. If your KPI is simply to "increase" something, every person you ask is going to have a different opinion on whether or not you met the goal. By contrast, if the KPI is "increase by 20%" you're on your way to a much cleaner evaluation.
DON'T co-opt someone else's metrics
Every business – every campaign even – is unique and demands its own custom set of metrics. You cannot simply take another company's measurement program and roll it out. Furthermore, any agency that tells you "this is exactly how we measure," is doing you a disservice. Your value proposition is unique, your pain points are unique and your measurement needs to be unique.
DO create a common lexicon
Everyone needs to have the same definition of key terms such as "top tier." Make sure that you and your agency are both crystal clear on what does, and does not, constitute a top tier outlet for your product and audience.
DON'T fall into the impressions trap… or worse yet, AVE
It's very tempting to benchmark against impressions because they are easy to measure and easy to benchmark. But they can also take you down a very bad path. For instance, a mention in The Wall Street Journal will boost your impressions a great deal. But if you're a private company, not seeking investors, and your product is candy scented silly putty… what is that hit doing for you? Going down the AVE rabbit hole (which a surprising number of organizations still like to do) can be even more dangerous. For more on that, visit the AMEC website.
If you're picking up what we're laying down and want more information on how to better measure your program, drop us a line.
Danica Ross is Grayling's chief client officer.
Danica Ross
15th November 2016
Will Kunkel, Executive Vice President for Creative and Content in Grayling New York, on the final of our #7for17 trends, Live and Uncut'Timing is everything' has been a favorite line to many but...Read More
8th November 2016
Danica Ross, Grayling San Francisco US Executive Vice President, on how brands can guide themselves through the 'the new space race' – part of our #7for17 trends series.In an era where brands...Read More
3rd November 2016
Russell Patten, Chair of Grayling's European Public Affairs practice, looks at one of the major political trends as part of our #7for17 series. It's been a turbulent year in politics, with the...Read More


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SAWS floats idea of 11.3% rate increase
The San Antonio Water System proposed a rate increase to the City Council on Wednesday that would raise the average customer's monthly bill by $4.93 next year.
Most of the 11.3 percent increase for water and sewer would go toward improvements to the city's sewer system, which continues to have overflows. Because some pass-through fees are declining, the overall bill change would be less than the 11.3 percent.
The council also heard a presentation on a new proposed drought ordinance, but that was not the priority of the meeting.
"We have a sewer system that is falling apart," Mayor Julián Castro said, and the city is facing the consequence of not spending enough on it for decades. According to SAWS, there is a spill somewhere in the city every day.
SAWS has to clearly explain to the council and public what the needs are and what it will do to improve the sewer system, Castro said. If it does, he said he thinks there would be support for the rate increase.
SAWS plans to make at least two more presentations to the council before a final vote Jan. 31.
Other council members weren't convinced that SAWS is being as efficient as possible to keep rates low.
"I don't think that everything has been done to make the impact as gentle as possible," said Councilman Diego Bernal of District 1. "I think SAWS should expect a very high level of scrutiny from the public."
SAWS already has drawn the scrutiny the federal government.
The frequency of sewer spills in San Antonio caught the attention of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Justice Department, which oversee and enforce the Clean Water Act.
The city has been in negotiations with the agencies about how it will stop the spills since 2007.
SAWS asserts that by drastically increasing its sewer pipe inspection and cleaning program, it can reduce the number of spills and avoid the more expensive replacement of sewer pipes.
Steve Clouse, SAWS' chief operating officer, pointed out that 75 percent of sewage spills in the city are caused by grease and debris blocking pipes, not breaking sewer lines or failed equipment.
If the federal agencies force the city to replace pipes, SAWS estimates the cost could reach $1 billion.
Given the concern over sewers, the proposed drought ordinance did not get much scrutiny.
It would keep the same drought stages but change the irrigation hours to 7 a.m. to 11 a.m. and 7 p.m. to 11 p.m., instead of 3 a.m. to 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. People could wash their cars at home on the weekends.
The proposed ordinance would allow the city to lift drought restrictions 15 days after the aquifer rises above a trigger stage, instead of the current 30 days.
One visible change: private water fountains would be allowed to operate during a drought and large public ones could as well if they have modern control features that limit water loss.
The council will hear another presentation on the new drought ordinance before a possible vote in January.
Correction: City Councilman Diego Bernal said he wasn't sure the San Antonio Water System has done everything possible to lessen the impact of a proposed rate increase. A quote in a story on Thursday's page A1 and on mySA.com was incorrectly attributed.


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Screenwriter Joe Eszterhas has released audio evidence of what he insists is Mel Gibson's vacation tirade in a bid to prove he's not lying about the "Mad Max" star's temper.
A recording said to be of Gibson exploding into an expletive-filled rant at his home in Costa Rica was released to website TheWrap.com on Wednesday.
Eszterhas claims it was taped by his 15-year-old son while the screenwriter's family were Gibson's guests.
Last week, Eszterhas appeared on TV and explained he did not know what to do with the taped recording that his terrified son had grabbed during an alleged Gibson rant.
Eszterhas told the website, "The bottom line is it shows to me he badly needs help.
"My interest isn't to damage him with this tape but to prevent damage being done to others, starting with Jews, including (Gibson's ex-girlfriend) Oksana (Grigorieva) and now, I'm sure, me. I strongly believe that unless he seeks and receives some kind of psychiatric help, someone is going to get hurt."
The feud between Gibson and the screenwriter began when Gibson and studio bosses turned down Eszterhas' script for the actor/director's new film about historical Jewish hero Judah Maccabee.
Gibson has responded to his former friend's claims that he has no intention of making the Maccabee movie, but is using the publicity to boost his own reputation following an anti-Semitic rant scandal.
In an open letter to Eszterhas, Gibson wrote, "I've been working on this project for over 10 years and it was publicly announced eight years ago. I absolutely want to make this movie; it's just that neither Warner Brothers nor I want to make this movie based on your script."


text:
You Talkin Sh*t. Its On Now: Nelly Challenges Bow Wow & JD To A $100K 7 Game Basketball Series! Responds To Bow Wow On ESPN "You Beeing A Little Disrespectful"
Loose Cannon Ent reports "nelly calls bow wow disrespectful challenges bow wow and jermaine dupri to a 7 game basketball series for 100k"
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text:
Archet was the most remote of the settlements of the Bree-land, set among the trees on the edge of the Chetwood, somewhat to the east of Bree itself.[1] A few hobbits lived there, but the inhabitants were predominantly Big Folk.
When the hobbits and Gandalf returned to Bree after their journey south, Barliman Butterbur told them of the fight within Bree in which some Bree-landers were killed. After the fight the robbers took to hiding in the woods beyond Archet.[2]
The name Archet is said to be an "English place-name of Celtic origin", sharing the element chet "wood" with Chetwood.[3] Mark T. Hooker has suggested that the element Ar- is a prefix meaning "nearby", found in several Welsh place-names. The meaning of Archet would thus be "near the woods", which Hooker notes is reminiscent of its geographic description, being situated "on the edge of the Chetwood".[4]
Portrayals in Adaptations
2007: The Lord of the Rings Online:
- Archet is the settlement players start at if they are the race of Man. During the introduction of the Shadows of Angmar it comes under attack by Blackwold brigands who burn many of the homes to the ground. The settlement is commanded by Captain Brackenbrook.
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "At the Sign of the Prancing Pony"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, "Homeward Bound"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings" in Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, p. 765
- ↑ Mark T. Hooker, A Tolkienian Mathomium, p. 8


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I am writing to share with you some exciting news: the phasing out of shark fin dishes by Shangri-La, a major Asian-based hotel chain that has 72 hotels and resorts worldwide.
This announcement followed similar commitments by Hong Kong-based Peninsula Hotels in December and Capella Singapore in January — as well as recent bans on shark fin possession by the U.S. states of Hawaii, Washington, Oregon and California. Conservation International (CI) applauds these landmark decisions, which represent a shift in behavior that could save these magnificent ocean predators from extinction.
As you may know based on increasing media attention to this important issue, shark fin soup is a symbol of status in some Asian countries — primarily China — and is a popular dish at weddings and other important events. However, shark finning is an unsustainable practice that is responsible for the deaths of tens of millions of sharks every year — and if it is not curbed, it may wipe out many species completely. Many shark species are apex predators residing at the top of the food chain; their disappearance would have serious consequences for other marine species.
In early 2010, CI began discussions with major international hotel chains (Marriott, Hyatt, Hilton and Starwood) about creating sustainable seafood programs, with a particular focus on the complicated issue of shark finning. After CI convened the hotels and formed a loose affiliation called the Sustainable Seafood Coalition of the Hospitality Industry, the group decided to focus their initial efforts on the removal of shark fin dishes from their menus. Additionally, I and staff from CI's Center for Environmental Leadership in Business and Global Marine Division team have met with several of the executives of Asian-based hotel chains, including Shangri-La, New World and Capella Singapore to continue one-on-one discussions with them about creating a sustainable seafood policy.
While we continue to work on market-based ways to reduce overexploitation of sharks, CI is also working in seascapes around the world to develop and implement policies that ensure responsible management of shark populations and fisheries as a whole.
We have begun to turn the tide for shark conservation, but we need your help. By making sustainable seafood choices— and refraining from consuming shark products altogether — you can reduce the global demand for these products. Together, our choices — and our voices — can continue to build momentum for the conservation not only of these fascinating creatures, but also of the oceans on which we all rely.
Peter Seligmann is the chairman and CEO of Conservation International.


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The new Advanced Beekeeper meetings began at HoneyLove on October 27. Held on the last Sunday of each month at 11am at the HoneyLove office, these meetings will fill the gap left by the Backwards Beekeepers and will help advance the learning of the L.A. treatment-free community.
Each meeting will have a member-speaker teaching us all something new as well as a general open Q&A and mentorship opportunities. Beekeepers of all levels are welcome to attend; HoneyLove also has more introductory-level beekeeper meetings on the 2nd Saturday of each month. Attendees are encouraged to join HoneyLove.org for extra benefits and the tax-deductible donation.
The October speaker was Josip Benko, a second-generation beekeeper with over 30 years of experience. Josip is from the former Czechoslovakia and shares the philosophy of observing the bees because they'll show you what they need. He is also big on experimentation and customizing his hive boxes.
Josip brought several hive box samples; these are reduced for education purposes. He now uses 7 or 9 frame boxes because his observation is that bees don't like even numbers.


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The ruling on the field will stand. The NFL has spoken after the disputed call that gave the Seattle Seahawks a 14-12 victory over the Green Bay Packers on Monday night.
Replays indicated that Packers cornerback M.D. Jennings had possession of the pass in the end zone, but referees awarded the catch to Seattle's Golden Tate after the two wrestled for the ball on the turf. One official signaled touchdown and the other indicated an interception.
It's worth mentioning that while the replacement referees are being blamed for the gaffe on the field, the replay officials who reviewed the play were not replacements but rather full-time league employees.
In any case, the NFL issued the following statement on Tuesday:
"While the ball is in the air, Tate can be seen shoving Green Bay cornerback Sam Shields to the ground. This should have been a penalty for offensive pass interference, which would have ended the game. It was not called and is not reviewable in instant replay.
"When the players hit the ground in the end zone, the officials determined that both Tate and Jennings had possession of the ball. Under the rule for simultaneous catch, the ball belongs to Tate, the offensive player. The result of the play was a touchdown.
"Replay Official Howard Slavin stopped the game for an instant replay review. The aspects of the play that were reviewable included if the ball hit the ground and who had possession of the ball. In the end zone, a ruling of a simultaneous catch is reviewable. That is not the case in the field of play, only in the end zone.
"Referee Wayne Elliott determined that no indisputable visual evidence existed to overturn the call on the field, and as a result, the on-field ruling of touchdown stood. The NFL Officiating Department reviewed the video today and supports the decision not to overturn the on-field ruling following the instant replay review.
"The result of the game is final."
Sam Shields got the worst of that play!!!— Tim Jennings (@HennOrJenn26) September 25, 2012
Ok..what a finish...am I the only one laughing at shields getting pushed as he is about to jump. Slow mo is so funny to me.— lance briggs (@55Berger) September 25, 2012
And the price for the Real #NFL Refs is going up weekly!!! #NFL do the right thing already and pay them whatever they want. Now!!— Jerry Azumah (@JerryAzumah) September 25, 2012
U literally couldn't script this. Refs will be back next week.— Hunter Hillenmeyer (@hthill) September 25, 2012


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She's come a long way since I Am Sam: Dakota Fanning is perhaps a somewhat bad girl in her latest film, Very Good Girls, in which the now-adult actress appears nude onscreen for the first time.
"I've never done that before and I'm very newly allowed to do that," Fanning told MTV. "I was newly 18, so yeah, it was, it's kind of a sensitive thing, but it's a part of life."
Fanning's onscreen nudity comes two years after a controversy with fashion house Marc Jacobs, whose Oh, Lola! perfume ad featuring the actress was banned in the U.K. for appearing to sexualize a child. Fanning, who was 17 at the time the ad was shot, recently laughed off the Advertising Standards Authority's suggestion that the ad was inappropriate. "If you want to read something into a perfume bottle, then I guess you can," she said. "But it's also like, 'Why are you making it about that, you creep?' I love Marc and trust him, and we just laughed about it."
Very Good Girls, which screened at Sundance, also stars Elisabeth Olson (sister of Mary Kate and Ashley), Demi Moore and Peter Sarsgaard. The film follows two young women — Olson and Fanning — who share a pact to lose their virginity over the summer after high school graduation. Fanning most recently appeared onscreen in theTwilight series, playing a member of the vampire clan the Volturi.


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The Brian Tooley Racing .660" Lift Dual Spring Kit is for all LSX engines using stock rocker arms. Includes dual polished springs, steel retainers, locators for stock or bronze guides, locks and seals.
Spring specs are 155 lbs @ 1.780", 380 lbs @ 1.180", 400 lbs @ 1.130, coil bind @ 1.070" This is a drop in spring kit for the following engines: LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS6, L76, L92, L99, LQ4, LQ9, L33, and LSA. This kit will not fit LS9 engines.


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DRC home :: Events :: Feedback :: Wallpaper :: Advanced Search
MILLINGTON, Tenn. - Results of final, round 2 eliminations in Nitro Harley at the 2013 Nitro Jam Series, IHRA Memphis Nitro Jam Day Two:
Bike#-Rider-(Opp'nt)-RT-----ET---Speed----Bike#-Rider-(Opp'nt)-RT----ET---Speed 36 Jake Stordeur 1 Damian Cownden E2 ****WINNER**** 0.097 7.084 201.70 0.311 10.636 NS Prior rounds: E1 (C SMITH ) 0.104 7.033 200.53 (J STORDEUR ) 0.075 6.829 200.20Stordeur was out of the gate first and never trailed as Cownden broke as soon as the light turned green. Stordeur with his quickest pass of the weekend for the win. Jake Stordeur's incremental times: 60ft-1.346 sec., 330ft-3.304, 660ft-4.715/170.67 mph, 1,000ft-5.984.


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nexB offers software audit services for companies who
need help determining what open source software is in
their products and systems.
We call this software provenance analysis because you need to know where a software component comes from ("origin") in order to know its license - this is quite similar to concepts behind provenance for a work of art.
We offer a wide range of software audit services. We frequently perform a comprehensive turnkey analysis for an acquisition due diligence audit project or a product baseline. If you perform the analysis yourself, then we can assist you with implementing your internal processes and tools for software component identification and management.
With the full-service approach, we perform the provenance analysis with minimal impact on the product team and provide you with a concise report detailing any issues, practical remediation actions for those issues and a complete Software BOM (and/or Inventory) for the product.
If you decide to perform software audit analysis internally, we can assist you with the configuration of our open source ScanCode tools in your software development environment and also provide our expertise on-demand for more complex software provenance questions.
Thanks and this was our pleasure to work with you and your team, really professional and impressive analysis.
Richard Grondin
Senior Director Data Security Group
Thank you for the expert guidance nexB provided to us. It made the whole evaluation process much smoother and it was exactly what we needed. We would definitely recommend nexB as an independent third-party for open-source software M&A due diligence.
Steve Abraham
Head of Corporate Development & Strategy
I will most definitely be remembering nexB, as I was very impressed by your scan, and how smooth the process was.
Bert Hubert
CTO & Founder


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One Nation Vintage Lid Blue/White 20 Quart
*Each of our hydro dipped coolers are made by hand and require great care and attention to detail. We ask that you please allow an extra 7 days for this custom product to be created.
Orca Blue 20 Cooler With a White One Nation Vintage Hydro Dipped Lid
- Hydro Dipped Lid.
- 20-quart storage capacity.
- Durable, roto-molded construction.
- Integrated insulation for maximum ice/cold retention and freshness of your stowed items for up to 10 days.
- Lid gasket to ensure a perfect seal.
- Single flex-grip stainless steel handle for simple solo portage.
- Cargo net attachment for added storage.
- Easy-flow drainage spout.


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Season Four Newbies
Emmy Award-nominated actor Dominic Chianese guest stars on The Good Wife as a veteran judge with an uncanny knowledge of computer programming. The fourth season of The Good Wife premieres Sunday, Sept. 30 at 9/8c on the CBS Television Network. Photo: Jeffrey Neira/CBS ©2012 CBS Broadcasting, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Last night, John wrote about the information revealed in documents found by two reporters for Foreign Policy when they visited the Benghazi consulate, six weeks after the terrorist attack there. The documents include letters, drafted on the day of the attack, that suggest the compliticity of Libyan officials in the terrorist attack on the consulate.
The discovery of these documents raises additional questions relevant to Benghazigate. A threshold question, propounded by Max Boot, is this: Why did the U.S. abandon its diplomatic outpost in Benghazi, so that anyone, whether reporters or civilians, friends or foes of the United States, can rummage through its rubble?
Boot argues that marines should have been sent in to secure the site of the compound, and that the compound should have been rebuilt. The failure to take these measures "is yet another failure that gives the people of the Middle East an impression of American retreat," says Boot.
I'm not so sure we should rebuild a consulate in Benghazi at this time. But it does seem like yet another mistake for the U.S. not to have purged the site of documents. On the other hand, had it done so, the public would be that much further away from discovering the facts about the tragedy of September 11, 2012.


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Nearly one-in-six Americans remain below the poverty line as the country grapples with low growth and moderate jobs growth, new data from the Census Bureau shows.
To qualify for poverty a family of four must earn less than $22,811
In its report released today, the Census Bureau painted a detailed picture of the difficulty many Americans are facing, including declining household earnings.
Below, 11 sad statistics from the report.
- 46.2 million Americans are under the poverty line — that's 15.7 percent of the country
- 1-in-15 American households earned less than $11,406, the second highest percentage since 1967
- Median household incomes fell 1.5 percent to $50,100
- 48.6 million Americans did not have health insurance in 2011 (down from 2010)
- 9.4 percent of children did not have health insurance
- The bottom 10 percent of earners made the same amount of money in 2011 as they did in 1994
- Women continued to earn 77 percent of what men earned
- 27.6 percent of Black Americans were in poverty
- 25.3 percent of Hispanic Americans were in poverty
- 9.8 percent of White Americans were in poverty
- More than one-fifth of those under 18 were in poverty
The Census' report included charts that illustrate how key trends have evolved over time.


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Caroma® " Pioneer of Dual-Flush Technology" Launches New Website
Surrey, British Columbia – Caroma®, the worldwide leader in high efficiency toilets and pioneer of dual-flush technology, has launched a new website featuring a consumer friendly and intuitive design. The improved layout provides smoother navigation and the most up-to-date information on the company's new products and features.
The front page of the new website features a large header for product photography with three rotating, high-quality images of Caroma products in beautiful bathroom settings. In addition to the enhanced menu above the image, another simplified menu is super-imposed on the header images listing the products, conservation and inspiration menu options. Below the header is Caroma's branding statement that is followed by a list of the most recent news and events.
"Caroma has been known for breakthrough bathroom innovations, exceptional performance and stylish design for many years, and now our website reflects our products," said Derek Kirkpatrick, North America General Manager of Caroma. "The new website will cultivate consumer awareness regarding HET's and the growing importance of dual-flush technology, and at the same time, foster Caroma's brand awareness and ultimately drive sales."
With the new website, Caroma looks to achieve its goal of increasing consumer awareness of high-efficiency toilets (HETs) and the importance of water conservation. The new site showcases the stylistic and innovative design of Caroma's high performance dual-flush toilets, sinks, and other bathroom products. Additionally, Caroma will update the website with fresh content and features such as new product announcements, related events, contests and more.
- 50% off Caroma toilets
- ADA compliance
- Adelaide toilets
- AutoDesk Revit (.RFA)
- Caravelle 305 Round Front Plus
- College Gardens Apartments
- dual flush technology
- dual flush toilets and sinks
- Earth Day
- Earth Month
- eco-awareness
- energy savings
- flush down technology
- Global Green
- green building technology
- high efficiency toilets (HET)
- LEED certification
- One Flush Can Make a Difference
- Sydney Smart toilets
- water conservation


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Sam is basically right, he's just cranky.
Get New Leaf now, jerk.Same for the rest of you chumps!
Ditto.. we need more New Leaf players.Pat open your gate.
Martyk is a handsome fish.
This dolphin is delicious.
<Sgore> Martyk, mentally I always picture you as like, our forums bartender.<Neoadept> I've always pictured you trapped in a tuna net
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Not many can resist the magnificence of a fully functioning antique vehicle, not least when it is coated in hot red paint and kept in as pristine condition as James Cesari's 1919 Buick Racer. When Cesari took this reporter out for a spin recently, passersby and other drivers waved and sometimes cheered, as the deep roar of the engine propelled the auto enthusiast and his vintage race car down the streets of Palo Alto.
Cesari's project is one of more than 100 classic vehicles and related pieces of equipment that will be showcased on May 22 at the Vintage Vehicles & Family Festival. The free annual event is organized by Palo Alto's Museum of American Heritage and held at El Camino Park across from Stanford Shopping Center.
"This year's event focuses on the history of racing vehicles," said Gwenyth Claughton, the museum's executive director. On display will be a number of racing vehicles dating back as far as 1912, including a Franklin Torpedo Phaeton from that year, which is still taken out in vintage races today, she said.
"Also featured is the 1915 Ack Attack Streamliner motorcycle that in September 2010 became the world's fastest motorcycle by reaching a land speed record of 376 miles per hour at the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah," Claughton added.
Cesari, who used to do a bit of racing himself with a 1955 Alfa Romeo Super Sprint, spent a little over a year revamping his 1919 Buick Racer. But while he had previous experience restoring a number of cars, including a 1912 Michigan, the Buick project represented a unique challenge.
"With the first five or six cars I worked on, which I've since sold, I wanted the final product to be as authentic as possible, the way they came out of the factory," he said. "With this one, I was converting a standard showroom touring vehicle into a race car." Such changes were standard practice in the 1920s, Cesari noted.
"Back then, there were over a hundred auto makers. In order to really distinguish their vehicles, many including Buick relied on auto racing to demonstrate their reliability. It was a form of advertising," he said.
Today, the vehicle's furnishings echo Cesari's inspirations, with the number 19 emblazoned in white on its radiator and in yellow on its sides. There are advertisements for Master Lubricants -- an old company with offices in San Francisco that used to advertise on such cars -- professionally pinstriped on to its body.
But Cesari said he faced some challenges just getting started in the restoration project. "My friend had a chassis and a transmission and engine. But I had a long way to go," he says, noting that at first he found little success in locating the necessary parts.
That is, until he heard from a man in the Central Valley who said he owned such a model, albeit of the standard, H-45 five-passenger showroom variety. "At first he said it was restorable, so I didn't want it," Cesari said. "I didn't want to destroy a good car to build something like this."
It was only upon seeing the man's vehicle that Cesari was convinced he could make use of it -- although for what some might consider unconventional reasons: "It was trashed."
"They'd taken the whole interior out, welded the doors shut, and been using it on a farm to haul melons and other produce," he said. Of the exterior, Cesari would use only the radiator shell and hood, along with a stock drive train. The rest he built himself.
A new body was constructed based on pictures from the era. He also carved wood impressions of how he wanted the vehicle's two seats to be arranged, before constructing a cardboard mock-up of the body. After locating and arranging the sheet metal, he then dismantled everything to paint it.
Other adjustments included taking advantage of the Buick's retractable steering wheel by lowering the seats, shortening the body of the car, and installing a higher gear ratio typical of the era's race cars. Cesari also modified the exhaust system. "I wanted the engine to breathe better, so the hood is split and each pipe feeds directly into the exhaust," he said.
"It ended up costing about $20,000, which was a lot but much less than if I had hired someone else to do it for me," said Cesari, who retired 10 years ago following a career in software sales.
Though Cesari said the vehicle has a very smooth ride and is capable of driving up to 75 miles per hour, he does not take the antique vehicle out as much as he used to, partially because of a lack of roads appropriate for the slower speeds of older cars. He cites an accident two years ago, in which a friend driving an antique vehicle was rear-ended by a semi, as one of the reasons behind his decision to slowly give up the hobby.
But he is keeping his Buick. "I've had some really great times with it," he said. Amongst the memories is the time he recreated an iconic moment in the automaker's history, racing his car against an unlikely rival: an airplane.
"We were attending a rally in Half Moon Bay, and at lunch we met a gentleman who had a hangar nearby. After some talking, we thought, 'Wouldn't it be fun to try to recreate that?'" Cesari said. Racing down a runway, the land-based challenger was obviously no match against a supercharged smart plane, but provided some worthy competition in keeping with the Buick's reputation, he said.
Cesari also said the Buick was in 1911 disqualified by other racers in a precursor to the Indianapolis 500 -- because it was too fast. With a qualifying time of 93 miles per hour, the Buick outmatched the race's eventual winner by almost 20 miles per hour, he said.
You would be lucky, Cesari added, to find a speedometer for vehicles of that period capable of measuring speeds above 60 miles per hour, which is why he sent one up to specialists in Oregon to get the Buick's recalibrated for speeds up to 100 miles per hour. Testing its accuracy, he recalled, was an interesting experience for his wife.
"She was following me on the 280, and every time my speed increased by 10 miles per hour I would raise my hand and she would check her own speed," he said with a laugh. "When I reached 70 miles and kept going higher, she refused to follow me anymore and turned off."
Despite her apparent concerns, however, the Cesaris have entered the vehicle in a number of antique-car tours and endurance rallies, often taking older roads with less traffic on visits to Oregon, Utah, Arizona, Nevada and elsewhere in California.
Cesari, who has lived in Palo Alto for 35 years, said he hopes the Vintage Vehicles event brings visitors a sense of what it was like in the 1920s. "You really get a sense of the era, not just with the cars, but with the other items including what kinds of equipment and toys people used to use," he says. "These kinds of shows help people keep in touch with their heritage."
What: Vintage Vehicles & Family Festival 2011, with vintage cars, vehicles and other equipment on display, and science demonstrations and other activities planned
Where: El Camino Park, across El Camino Real from Stanford Shopping Center, Palo Alto
When: Sunday, May 22, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Cost: Free
Info: Go to moah.org or call 650-321-1004.


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Home >> Course Descriptions >> College of Arts and Sciences
Drawing I.
Three semester hours.
An introduction to basic drawing skills and rendering: focus will be on black and white drawing media, both dry and wash. Observational drawing of various types will provide the focus for renderings in this course. Value structure, line qualities, gesture, light logic, proportion, foreshortening, and perspective will represent some of the skills to be addressed. This class meets five hours a week.. Prerequisite: ARTS 1311 recommended.
Home - General Information - Student Services -
Academic Undergraduate Regulations -
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Optical ceramics, advanced industrial materials developed for use in optical applications.
Optical materials derive their utility from their response to infrared, optical, and ultraviolet light. The most obvious optical materials are glasses, which are described in the article industrial glass, but ceramics also have been developed for a number of optical applications. This article surveys several of these applications, both passive (e.g., windows, radomes, lamp envelopes, pigments) and active (e.g., phosphors, lasers, electro-optical components).
Passive devices
Optical and infrared windows
In their pure state, most ceramics are wide-band-gap insulators. This means that there is a large gap of forbidden states between the energy of the highest filled electron levels and the energy of the next highest unoccupied level. If this band gap is larger than optical light energies, these ceramics will be optically transparent (although powders and porous compacts of such ceramics will be white and opaque due to light scattering). Two applications of optically transparent ceramics are windows for bar-code readers at supermarkets and infrared radome and laser windows.
Sapphire (a single-crystal form of aluminum oxide, Al2O3) has been used for supermarket checkout windows. It combines optical transparency with high scratch resistance. Similarly, single-crystal or infrared-transparent polycrystalline ceramics such as sodium chloride (NaCl), rubidium-doped potassium chloride (KCl), calcium fluoride (CaF), and strontium fluoride (SrF2) have been used for erosion-resistant infrared radomes, windows for infrared detectors, and infrared laser windows. These polycrystalline halide materials tend to transmit lower wavelengths than oxides, extending down to the infrared region; however, their grain boundaries and porosity scatter radiation. Therefore, they are best used as single crystals. As such, however, halides are insufficiently strong for large windows: they can plastically deform under their own weight. In order to strengthen them, single crystals are typically hot-forged to induce clean grain boundaries and large grain sizes, which do not decrease infrared transmission significantly but allow the body to resist deformation. Alternatively, large-grained material can be fusion-cast.
Lamp envelopes
Electric discharge lamps, in which enclosed gases are energized by an applied voltage and thereby made to glow, are extremely efficient light sources, but the heat and corrosion involved in their operation push optical ceramics to their thermochemical limits. A major breakthrough occurred in 1961, when Robert Coble of the General Electric Company in the United States demonstrated that alumina (a synthetic polycrystalline, Al2O3) could be sintered to optical density and translucency using magnesia (magnesium oxide, MgO) as a sintering aid. This technology permitted the extremely hot sodium discharge in the high-pressure sodium-vapour lamp to be contained in a refractory material that also transmitted its light. The plasma within the inner alumina lamp envelope reaches temperatures of 1,200 °C (2,200 °F). Energy emission covers almost the entire visible spectrum, creating a bright white light that reflects all colours—unlike that of the low-pressure sodium-vapour lamp, whose amber glow is common in the skylines of major cities.
The ceramic colour or pigment industry is a long-standing, traditional industry. Ceramic pigments or stains are made of oxide or selenide compounds in combination with specific transition-metal or rare-earth elements. Absorption of certain wavelengths of light by these species imparts specific colours to the compound. For example, cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4) and cobalt silicate (Co2SiO4) are blue; tin-vanadium oxide (known as V-doped SnO2) and zirconium-vanadium oxide (V-doped ZrO2) are yellow; cobalt chromite (CoCr2O3) and chromium garnet (2CaO · Cr2O3 · 3SiO2) are green; and chromium hematite (CrFe2O3) is black. A true red colour, unavailable in naturally occurring silicate materials, is found in solid solutions of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide (CdS-CdSe).
Powdered pigments are incorporated into ceramic bodies or glazes in order to impart colour to the fired ware. Thermal stability and chemical inertness during firing are important considerations.
Active devices
Ceramic phosphors are employed for both general lighting (as in fluorescent lights) and for electronic imaging (as in cathode-ray tubes). Phosphors function when electrons within them are stimulated from stable, low-energy positions to higher levels by an appropriate means—e.g., thermal, optical, X-ray, or electron excitation. When the energized electrons drop back to lower energy levels, light can be emitted at one or more characteristic wavelengths. These wavelengths are determined by controlled dopants, referred to as activators. Examples of activated phosphors (and their resulting colour emissions) are lead-activated calcium tungstate (blue), manganese-activated zircon (green), lead- or manganese-activated calcium silicate (yellow to orange), and europium-activated yttrium vanadate (red). There are countless other examples.
Two major applications of phosphor ceramics are in cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) for television sets and computer monitors. Thin layers of phosphor powders are applied to the inside of the display screen of the CRT. Electrons are accelerated from the cathode toward the screen, directed by magnetic coils. Light emission (phosphorescence) occurs wherever the electron beam strikes the phosphor layer, and images are formed by high-speed scanning of the electron beam over the surface of the screen. Colour screens employ interspersed small dots of phosphors of each of the three primary colours (red, yellow, and blue), with separate electron beams to address each colour.
Efficient indoor lighting is usually accomplished by fluorescent lamps. Phosphors of a suitably doped calcium halophosphate are deposited as thin powder layers on the inner surfaces of thin-walled glass tubes. The tubes are evacuated and backfilled with a mixture of mercury vapour and an inert gas. An electric discharge through the gas causes the mercury vapour to emit energy in the ultraviolet range, which strikes the phosphor layer and stimulates visible light emission. The resulting combination of blue and orange emission is comparable to that of incandescent lamps.
Phosphors must be manufactured by clean-room methods in order to eliminate unwanted impurities that can "kill" phosphorescence.
Lasing, or "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation," takes place in various media, including glasses and single-crystal ceramics. The first laser, operated by Theodore H. Maiman in 1960, consisted of a rod of synthetic ruby (single-crystal Al2O3 doped with chromium) that was excited by a flash lamp. Excitation, or pumping, involves promoting electrons within the dopant centres to higher energy levels by optical or electronic means. The decay of the stimulated electron to a lower energy state yields emission of light, which is contained within the lasing solid between two mirrors (one completely silvered and one partially silvered). As the emitted light reflects back and forth, it stimulates other centres until an intense, coherent, narrow beam of monochromatic light is released. Two well-known ceramic lasing materials are the chromium-doped Al2O3 known as ruby and a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet known as Nd-YAG.
Electro-optical components
Electro-optical ceramics are materials that combine optical transparency with voltage-variable optical, or electro-optical (EO), behaviour. Single-crystal EO materials include lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO3); polycrystalline EO materials include a lanthanum-modified lead zirconate tantalate known as PLZT. Among other EO properties, these materials exhibit voltage-dependent birefringence. Birefringence is the difference between the refractive index parallel to the optical axis of the crystal and the refractive index perpendicular to the optical axis. Because the propagation velocity is different in the two directions, a phase shift occurs, and this phase shift can be varied by an applied voltage. Such EO behaviour is the basis of a number of optical devices, including switches, modulators, and demodulators for high-speed optical communications. EO ceramic thin films also can be integrated with silicon semiconductors in so-called optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs).
Optical ceramics constitute only one of several types of electroceramics. For a survey of all advanced electromagnetic applications, see electroceramics. For a directory to all the articles covering both traditional and advanced ceramics, see Industrial Ceramics: Outline of Coverage.
Learn More in these related Britannica articles:
industrial glass
Industrial glass, solid material that is normally lustrous and transparent in appearance and that shows great durability under exposure to the natural elements. These three properties—lustre, transparency, and durability—make glass a favoured material for such household objects as windowpanes, bottles, and lightbulbs. However, neither any of…
Sapphire, transparent to translucent, natural or synthetic variety of corundum ( q.v.;aluminum oxide, Al2O3) that has been highly prized as a gemstone since about 800 bc. Its colour is due mainly to the presence of small amounts of iron and titanium and normally ranges from a very pale blue to…
Salt (NaCl), mineral substance of great importance to human and animal health, as well as to industry. The mineral form halite, or rock salt, is sometimes called common salt to distinguish it from a class of chemical compounds called salts. Properties of common salt are shown…
Industrial ceramicsIndustrial ceramics, Ceramics are broadly defined as inorganic, nonmetallic materials that exhibit such useful properties as high strength and hardness, high melting temperatures, chemical inertness, and low thermal and electrical conductivity but that also display brittleness and sensitivity to…
IndustryIndustry, a group of productive enterprises or organizations that produce or supply goods, services, or sources of income. In economics, industries are customarily classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary; secondary industries are further classified as heavy and light. This sector of a…