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Abbott's Norvir Price Hike Is Bad Medicine
Statement at the NIH Public Meeting on Norvir
On May 25, 2004, the NIH heard public statements concerning a petition to invoke the march-in provisions of the Bayh-Dole Act on Abbott Laboratory's Norvir. The law says that patented inventions developed in part with public funds can be reassigned to other business entities if the patent holder does not make the invention available on reasonable terms.
In the first part of December 2003, the HIV/AIDS treatment community was shocked to hear that Abbott Laboratories was raising the price of its HIV drug, Norvir, five-fold. The price per 100-mg pill would increase from $2.14 to $10.71 (average wholesale prices; $1.71 to $8.57, wholesale acquisition cost).
As you've heard, although Norvir was developed and approved by the FDA as an antiviral drug -- an inhibitor of the HIV protease enzyme -- due to excessive toxicity, it is no longer used as such. Instead it is now used for an off-label indication in much lower doses to take advantage of one of its side effects, namely the inhibition of a metabolic pathway in the liver that effectively improves the concentration of other drugs in the blood. In current clinical practice, most other HIV protease inhibitors are "boosted" by Norvir, which increases their effectiveness. In other words, Norvir enables other drugs to work better.
Here is a before-and-after price chart that shows the eight approved HIV drugs that can be boosted by Norvir, and how the price increase has affected their overall cost. Note that the price of Norvir in its approved dosage as an antiviral is far out of proportion to the others. Also note that the price of the drug Kaletra, which is also made by Abbott and contains a small boosting dose of Norvir in each pill, did not change and is now the lowest price boosted protease inhibitor on the market. It is clear that the practical and intended effect of the Norvir price increase was to position Kaletra in advantage to its competitors.
Here is another chart that shows a timeline for the development of some HIV drugs that require Norvir boosting. It includes two protease inhibitors that were approved last year (Reyataz and Lexiva) and several currently in development. It seems clear to me that the Norvir price increase was calculated to come just after these two new drugs received approval.
But I'm more concerned about the drugs that are still on the path to approval -- and about potentially useful drugs that may now never enter clinical development -- because they would be at the mercy of Abbott's monopoly on Norvir.
I would like to argue that Abbott's failure to make Norvir available on reasonable terms will adversely affect the development of new drugs that depend on metabolic boosting and will limit the amount of research that will be conducted on existing drugs that require boosting.
Abbott's abuse of their patent on Norvir will limit patient access to drugs, limit research, limit options for doctors and limit the innovation of new-generation drugs of this type. This is why we are asking the government to protect the public against Abbott's unreasonable use of the Norvir patents.
Before a pharmaceutical manufacturer decides to invest hundreds of millions of dollars into bringing a promising compound along the path to FDA approval, the company projects the market for the drug over the entire expected life of the product. While this isn't easy, given the rapid pace of change in HIV therapy, it is necessary to forecast whether the drug will be competitive and will repay the considerable investment in clinical development. For the makers of Norvir-boosted drugs in the pipeline, Abbott's price increase has thrown these forecasts into chaos.
In seeking to mitigate the impact of the 400 percent increase in the price of Norvir, Abbott has announced it will make the drug available at the old price for research purposes to companies that are developing a drug that requires Norvir-boosting. However this offer expires once the new Norvir-dependent drug receives FDA approval and goes on the market.
Yet research on these drugs can not and must not end with approval. Post-market research, so-called Phase IV studies, are important to "fill in the blanks" about how a drug behaves in real-world settings and to provide controlled data that helps physicians make the most appropriate use of all the drugs in their armamentarium.
Much of this Phase IV research is mandated by the FDA and some is initiated by the company for marketing purposes. For the recently approved protease inhibitors, the 400 percent increase in the price of Norvir means that the cost of post-marketing research has now increased dramatically. One pharmaceutical executive estimated that the cost of post-approval research could go up by $20 million to $30 million. And this is for drugs that have already been approved, with FDA-mandated post-market research already planned and budgeted.
The impact on drugs still in the pipeline is far more insidious.
A drug company's Phase IV research commitments are decided in negotiations with the FDA. The FDA says it will grant accelerated approval based upon available safety and efficacy data, but only if the company will show a plan for continuing research on the drug after entering the market. These research plans are negotiated based on what the FDA would like to see and what the drug company can afford. The simple fact is that after the 400 percent rise in the price of Norvir, companies will not be able to afford as much post-market research. And the high price of Norvir will effectively tie the hands of the FDA in what they can ask of companies. This is going to hurt patient care.
There are four Norvir-dependent drugs in the pipeline that this will affect. Abbott's monopoly on Norvir means that there will be less post-marketing research and, consequently, less important real-world medical information produced on how to use these drugs, for example, in women, in people of color, in prisons, in combination with other drugs, in people with hepatitis infections or in people with liver or kidney disease. Much of this research will become too expensive.
But my main concern is with what Abbott's monopoly on Norvir means for the future. One pharmaceutical executive I spoke to, in evaluating the impact of Abbott's action, posed this as a rhetorical question: "Who would risk developing a Norvir-boosted protease inhibitor after this price increase?" What he meant was that, not only will the high price of Norvir place any new Norvir-dependent drug into an uncompetitive price stratum, but Abbott's unpredictable behavior has made depending on them or their products an unsupportable risk. It's difficult enough to project market conditions for new HIV drugs that don't need Norvir; it's very unlikely that a corporate market analysis will ever again justify investment in drugs of this type. In the words of another pharmaceutical executive, after the drugs currently in the pipeline empty out, "We've seen the end of the line for boosted protease inhibitors."
And that is a shame, because we desperately need new protease inhibitors to treat drug-resistant HIV. The so-called HIV salvage population is the fastest growing market segment in HIV therapy. Drugs with incremental benefits have continued to trickle onto the market over the past few years, but in practice, this has resulted in many patients simply adding the latest therapy onto a failing regimen, which starts the cycle of resistance all over again. Unless a person switches to multiple drugs that his virus is susceptible to, the development of resistance seems inevitable.
For drugs in the protease inhibitor class -- which are very durable HIV therapies -- Norvir has assumed a crucial, enabling role by assuring that sufficient blood levels of the active antiviral drugs are achieved. Looking ahead, we can foresee the continued need for new protease inhibitors that will have novel resistance profiles, that will have less toxicity, and that are more durable. Some of the drugs in the pipeline have some of these qualities, but none has all of them. Most observers expect the protease inhibitors in the pipeline to continue towards approval because their sponsors have already made substantial financial commitments to their development. But how many important, useful, and desperately needed drugs will now never see the light of day -- because of Abbott's monopoly on Norvir? Abbott's unreasonable terms for Norvir will inhibit innovation, restrict research, limit medical options and hurt people with HIV.
Finally, the pricing issue aside, Abbott has not been a responsible custodian of this drug. Although Norvir's usefulness is as a metabolic booster and not as a protease inhibitor as they had hoped, the company has not made the drug available in dosages that would optimize the use of Norvir for this purpose. With only a 100-mg pill of Norvir available, many patients who would only require 50 mg or less for boosting are being subjected to unnecessary toxicity.
Furthermore, Abbott has not sought FDA approval for Norvir as a metabolic boosting agent and continues to represent the drug in medically misleading terms -- all the while encouraging continued off-label use.
Also, Abbott has, I have been told by several pharmaceutical executives, been unwilling to offer reasonable terms for licensing Norvir for co-formulation with other companies' drugs, even though a co-formulated pill is widely considered to help simplify drug regimens and improve patient adherence and therapeutic outcomes. Yet Abbott, in order to protect its own, more toxic Kaletra product, continues to resist this.
To sum up, Abbott has behaved unconscionably, and perhaps illegally, in increasing the price of Norvir, and in doing so they have abused the privilege of their patents.
They have attempted to manipulate the market and restrict patient access to competing drugs that have less toxicity.
They have increased the financial burden their competitors face in performing important post-market research.
They have tied the hands of the FDA in how much post-market research can be required of drugs approaching approval.
They have stifled innovation and have killed the market chances for any new drug candidate that would require Norvir.
They have not been responsive to the medical need for safer and more rational doses of Norvir.
They have refused reasonable offers to license Norvir for co-formulation into patient-friendly combinations with other drugs.
With at least ten HIV drugs dependent on Norvir to achieve optimal efficacy and minimal toxicity, I believe Norvir should be considered a public amenity and be contracted to more responsible custodians.
I'd like to note that I think the case of Norvir is an exceptional one, and that I fully support industry development programs that build on government funded research. It seems clear that the intent of the Bayh-Dole Act was to stimulate innovation, and in this it has been incredibly successful. But it also seems clear that a mechanism was provided to address abuse, and that, in Norvir, we are confronted with that rare case.
Under Abbott's monopoly control of Norvir, drug access (both to Norvir and to dependent drugs), patient care, innovation, research, and medical options are being restricted. The public interest would best be served by making this vital resource more broadly available under much more reasonable terms.
|FDA Issues Warning Letter to Abbott Over Norvir Pricing Spin
On June 10, 2004, the Food and Drug Administration issued a Warning Letter to Abbott Laboratories about a "false and misleading" cost comparison chart that Abbott had distributed to community groups in an effort to counter public outrage over the recent 400 percent increase in the price of their HIV drug, Norvir. The cost chart purported to show that Norvir, even at its new, higher price (the price for a single 100-mg pill increased from $1.71 to $8.57 each) was the lowest priced HIV drug at its most commonly prescribed dosage. Although Norvir was originally developed as an HIV protease inhibitor, it is now used primarily at a much lower dose to "boost" the blood levels of other HIV protease inhibitors. At 100 mg, Norvir is not active on its own. Yet the chart implied that this boosting dose of Norvir was comparable to several full-dose antiretroviral drugs and even to one complete HIV regimen.
The FDA's letter stated:
"The cost chart is misleading for two reasons. First, it compares a subtherapeutic dose of Norvir (100 mg once daily) to the labeled dosing regimes of other antiretroviral agents. Second, the chart implies that Norvir may be used other than in combination therapy, when it is not labeled for such use. Given by itself as a subtherapeutic dose, Norvir would likely have no antiviral activity and would place patients at risk for developing protease inhibitor resistance mutations."
"The cost chart misleadingly claims that Norvir has the lowest daily cost of all antiretroviral drugs and minimizes the risks of Norvir, and thus misbrands Norvir under 21 U.S.C. 352(a)." Abbott was to respond to the FDA by June 25.
Back to the GMHC Treatment Issues May/June 2004 contents page.


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|About us
Steering Committee
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|Calendar of Activities
|Higher Education ForA
|European Higher Education Area
The Bologna Process
Council of Europe Contribution
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|Recognition of Qualifications
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of Europe/UNESCO Convention
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|Results of prior activities
Public Responsibility
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Legislative Reform Programmes
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|Resources / Documents
|Higher Education Series
Please find below the Executive Summary from the final report on the Legislative Reform Programme. You can see the whole publication here.
The work of the LRP
Evaluation and follow-up
Goals of the Legislative Reform Programme (LRP)
The primary aim of the Legislative Reform Programme was to provide effective support to the processes of legislative reform in higher education and research, as part of the consolidation of democratic regimes, and of the overall process of transition from centrally planned to social market economies, in the countries of central and Eastern Europe. A subsidiary aim was to deepen understanding of the proper role of legislation in higher education in Europe as a whole.
Basis of co-operation
The LRP was part of a general policy of the Council of Europe to support democratic transition in its new and potential members. It shared with other programmes the features of practical support for countries in transition, professional advice by independent experts, and reference to the European standards and best practices expressed in European conventions. It also had features specific to the higher education sector: it followed a long-standing policy of academic mobility proposed by the Standing Conference on University Problems (CC-PU), and drew on the experience of a network of bilateral East-West university co-operation developed since the 1970s. In its operation, the LRP drew heavily on the Committee for expertise, feedback and leadership. The strong links of the LRP to the Committee reinforced its character of extended solidarity rather than one-way assistance.
Activities of the LRP
From 1991 to 1999, the LRP carried out some 200 activities: 136 bilateral and multilateral activities, and at least 64 Secretariat missions. Bilateral activities included over 70 advisory and exploratory missions, 15 joint commissions and 4 expert meetings, and one written opinion not linked to a mission. Multilateral activities comprised 12 regional missions and seminars, ten workshops, five consultation meetings and twelve study visits to eight western European states. Two books and 3 substantial reports were published, in addition to mimeographed workshop reports. Over 40 other meetings were held for the purposes of management and publications decided on by the CC-PU/CC-HER.
By number of events, the ranking of countries is as follows: Bosnia and Herzegovina (14), plus World Bank project group meetings, Russia (13), Albania (9), Bulgaria (8), Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (6 each), Czech Republic (6), and Ukraine (6). On average, 5.5 events per country were carried out. By region, southeastern Europe (48 events) ranked ahead of central and northern Europe (35), Russian Federation and NIS countries (33). Consultation meetings, study visits and publications are not included here.
During the life-time of the LRP, the changing needs of member states led to significant changes in its profile a gradual shift in geographical focus, and therefore thematic priorities, from central to eastern and south-eastern Europe, reflecting a general development in the Council of Europe; a broadening of scope from legislation as such to the policy context surrounding it; a trend to fewer but longer-term projects, often involving partnerships; finally the increasing involvement of experts from central Europe in missions and workshops.
The total budget of the LRP was 19 104 000 FF (€2 912 000) over the period, an average of 2 123 000 FF per year (€324 000), including project staff (52%). The staff team ranged from one to four with an average of about three. Of the income, 79% was provided by voluntary contributions, and 12% by the Council of Europe, not counting ADACS drawing rights and invisible overheads. Seventeen countries provided voluntary contributions; however, 61% came from two countries, the Netherlands and Germany.
The budget of the LRP was small in relation to its workload and compared to similar projects elsewhere. It was able to secure most of its funding from voluntary contributors, two of whom provided the backbone of its budget and an element of stability; however a more secure and less ad hoc arrangement would be appropriate for a core programme.
Advice on higher education legislation contributed to 8 first generation laws: 4 higher education acts (Hungary 1993; Croatia 1993; Slovenia 1993; Albania 1994) and 4 laws on education (Romania 1995; Moldova 1995; Georgia 1997; Armenia 1999). Advice on second generation legislation supported 16 law projects including 14 higher education acts (Estonia 1995, amended 1996; Latvia 1995, Bulgaria 1995; Russia 1996 and amendments 1997; Croatia 1996; Hungary 1996; Slovakia 1996; Poland 1997; Czech Republic 1998; Albania 1999; Lithuania 2000; Belarus intended 2000; "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" intended 2000; Ukraine intended 2000), and two laws on education (Ukraine 1996; Russia amendments 1996 to law of 1992).
The workshops, study visits and publications contributed to the diffusion of good practice in the same way as classic multilateral co-operation. In particular, they helped in the practical establishment of national systems of quality assessment in a number of countries and in the establishment of a new college sector of professional higher education in the central European region. The projects in Bosnia and Herzegovina led to a report that lays the foundation for a national education policy based on consensual co-ordinating structures. The LRP's work led directly to the preparation of Recommendation No.R (97) 1 on the recognition and quality assessment of private institutions of higher education. It highlighted the importance of the Lisbon Recognition Convention as a gateway to European co-operation, and made a substantial input to the implementation of Recommendation No.R (98) 3 on access to higher education.
The Final Report analyses in more detail the extent and quality of the contribution of the LRP to the complex processes of democratic legislation. Partners consistently stated, in consultation meetings, CC-PU and CC-HER plenaries, bilateral contacts, and communications to the independent reviewers, that the dialogue and advice was highly valued and made a positive impact on the legal and policy framework for the development of national higher education systems.
The policy approach of the LRP is discussed in parts one and two of the Final Report, covering norms and their sources, architecture, governance, and learning. Reflecting the historical diversity of European higher education, the LRP did not carry with it a ready-made policy model. It addressed the central topics of higher education policy in a dialogue with the host countries, seeking in its advice fairly to reflect European concepts, traditions and standards, as well as evolving ideas of best practice. Ten topics may be highlighted:
Some progress was made in systematising concepts of European standards and best practice in these areas during the life of the project, especially through workshops and publications. This work is necessarily incomplete, but some elements of a "European model" have emerged, particularly on the democratic governance of higher education.
The central challenge of partnership with democracy
The core belief that guided the LRP in its work on governance is that democracy and education are locked in an embrace of mutual dependence: one cannot succeed without the other. The great achievement of the first wave of "autonomy laws" on higher education was indeed freeing the universities from any state intervention or political influence in the core areas of academic freedoms and institutional autonomy. But this was not enough to establish equilibrium with the democratic state, where the government has the political and financial responsibility to provide public goods and social opportunities through the operation of higher education institutions. LRP experts pointed out to their partners that legislation in higher education, laying down the rights, rules, and regulations which determine the functioning of higher education institutions and guide the development of the systems to which they belong, must aim to build a culture of mutual respect and solid co-operation. It needed therefore to define the responsibilities as well as the rights of the three main actors: governments, institutions and individual students and academics.
In summary, the following principles of governance emerged (the Final Report treats the topic in greater depth):
In many areas of policy, a stable model was not attainable in a continually shifting context. The transition from centrally planned to social market economies seems to be merging into an ongoing transformation, involving a shift from the national to the global frame of reference. Formal European norms only provided a partial basis for discussion on long-term perspectives of public policy, and in many areas the LRP had to make informed guesses on international trends in higher education; for example, to anticipate the future European model(s) for the organisation of studies and degrees. Diverging interests as well as changes in technology and society will continue to create new problems, and solutions sought in a new equilibrium of autonomy and dependence.
The evaluation conducted by the CC-HER included the preparation of a report by two eminent independent experts, included in the Final Report along with extensive material by LRP "insiders", and a round table debate at its plenary meeting on 29 March 2000. The latter drew especially on input from the new member states, who have been the LRP's main partners and beneficiaries.
In a resolution (see the full publication) drawing on these different perspectives, the CC-HER agreed on three key points:

subset: commoncrawl


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FeedMingle is an application that merges different rss or atom feeds and creates only one. It´s a simple app that simplifies the work involved to create only one feed. Also, FeedMingle converts the merged feed in an html widget that you can paste into your site.
Venture Slogan: FeedMingle.
FeedMingle's own description: "…FeedMingle makes lives simpler for web designers/developers, feed readers, bloggers, or just anyone who wants to merge two or more rss / atom feeds into one. It mixes all the feeds provided and creates one RSS feed, Atom feed, JSON feed, and a html widget to simply paste into your website or blog…"


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AVAILABLE IN "Dust or Sand" form. A perfect complete bath for your pet. You'll be delighted to watch your pet roll and tumble while it cleans itself. Allow your pet to take a bath at least two times per week, more often in damp humid weather. If it's fur looks limp, sticky, or dull, it's time for a bath. Our special dust is designed to remove excess buildup of natural oils and moisture as it cleans and grooms your pet. Also acts as an odor destroyer. Made from 100% Volcanic Rock.


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Andrew Wiens of Topeka has been appointed to serve as legislative and policy director for the Kansas Department for Children and Families. Wiens formerly served in Gov. Sam Brownback's office.
The native of Topeka graduated from Tabor College, where he studied philosophy, history, religious studies, and business management.
As a policy analyst in the governor's office, his duties included research, policy development, and project management of issues such as taxes, energy, social services, and education.
"I am eager to learn more about the issues of importance to children and families," Wiens said. "I look forward to working alongside DCF staff, legislators, community organizations, and service providers to help Kansans in need."


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In this tough economy, I find I am always looking for very inexpensive or free things to do with my kids. And now that school is out, there is a lot of "doing" that needs to happen.
Yesterday we went to the library in Poulsbo. I know we are not the only family that has visited the library this summer. This was made obvious because it was hard to find a few of the books we wanted to check out. We had to put 2 on hold because each of those 2 books were checked out in all of the combined KRL libraries.
Did you know you can put books on hold from your computer at home?
I didn't. I tend to just pick from the offerings available at the branch I visit. I'm not a super-inquisitive type, so I missed this "feature" of our library system. I found I was quite pleased to learn I could do some of our book planning from home. With 3 kids, it sure is nice not to have to make a trip just to return home empty handed. Just visit krl.org to get started!
We visited the library yesterday to get my kids hooked up with the summer reading program. Quoting from their site, "Starting June 13th, read (or be read to) for ten hours and receive a FREE paperback and a Kitsap County Fair & Stampede ticket." It really is a great program to help incent one's kids to get their reading on, yo 🙂
My 7 year old wanted to get set up as soon as it began, but I pushed it off for other "things" we had to do. So when we got home yesterday, she dug into Junie B. Jones and filled in 2 of her 15 minute spots right away. Meanwhile, my 4 year old daughter sat "reading" her big books on the couch.
If you are looking for some free activity options for your kids, the Kitsap Regional Library offers more than shelves of books too! There are fun events (such as puppeteers, magicians and The Reptile Man) throughout the summer at the various libraries in Kitsap. Click here to find the schedule.
Don't miss a thing! You can get Mom on the Spot by RSS feed.


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Superfund program: review of the EPA Inspector General's report : hearing before the Subcommittee on Superfund, Toxics, Risk, and Waste Management of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, on July 31, 2002
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Superfund, Toxics, Risk, and Waste Management
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This question already has an answer here:
I would use two different fonts in math mode. My personal aim is to reach the results showed in the following picture (I took it from an italian website). In this picture, computer modern sans serif is used (in math mode, only in "Definizione" and "Esempi" environment), instead the text font, that is serif computer modern.
So, I would create a new environment, e.g. "examples", in which computer modern sans serif is used (in math and text mode). P.S. I already know how to change the main font in text and math mode using
etc., but I don't know how to use two different font families together.
Can you help me?


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Analysis: Boston suspects likely 'lone wolf' terrorists
Terrorism experts say the two bombing suspects may be self-radicalized jihadists, a breed increasingly seen in Europe.
BERLIN — Terror analysts in Russia and Europe say the two brothers suspected of bombing the Boston Marathon do not appear to be engaged terrorists but more likely fit the pattern seen in Europe of disaffected young men radicalized by jihadist websites.
The low-tech devices used in the attack and the open parroting on social media of well-known overseas Islamist preachers indicate that the two were not part of a widespread organized terror plot.
"It a bit too early to say, but the similarity between the devices used and the instructions in al-Qaeda's Inspire magazine might suggest they were self-radicalized," said Neil Doyle, a British author and expert in online extremism and radicalization.
The devices that killed three and maimed more than 170 in Boston on Monday appear to be copies of ones that online Islamist radical magazines provide step-by-step instructions for, Doyle said.
And the older brother, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, appears to have referred often online to radical speeches exhorting Muslims to commit jihad. Then there is the gap in regular work and activity, Doye said.
"Tamerlan Tsarnaev had recently taken a year off and there is the possibility that something happened during that period," Doyle said.
Tsarnaev, 26, who was shot dead by police Friday, and his brother, Dzhokhar, 19, who was captured Friday night after an extensive manhunt, hailed from the troubled north Caucasus region, which has been torn apart by violence for more than two decades. What began as a secular independence movement and was brutally suppressed by Russia has become increasingly radicalized toward Islamism.
STORY: War-torn Caucasus may be at root of the brothers' rage
STORY: Latest developments in manhunt for bombing suspect
FULL COVERAGE: Boston Marathon explosions
The Tsarnaev family relocated to the United States 10 years ago and there is no indication the attack was done on behalf of radical Islamist groups in Chechnya, experts said.
Victor Mizin, a senior Russian security analyst and vice president of the Center for Strategic Assessments in Moscow, says terrorist groups in the Caucasus have little to gain from an attack on U.S. soil.
The Tsarnaev brothers "left the Caucasus when they were very young, so I think it's highly improbable that they were planted there," Mizin said.
Given that the family integrated well into America, Mizin suggests the brothers were influenced not only by online material but by non-family mentors who may or may not have been preaching jihad.
"Either they went mad and had personality problems, or they got under the influence of some kind of clandestine jihadist organization that still exists in the U.S.," he said.
"Lone wolf" terrorists as they are known have committed several recent terror attacks in Europe. One example is Mohamed Merah, 23, a French citizen of Algerian heritage who killed three Jewish children, a rabbi and three French soldiers last year.
Men like Merah can be drawn to radical Islamic ideology and inspired to launch attacks that they see as part of a global jihadist movement, and they never come into direct contact with organized terrorist groups, analysts say.
"Self-radicalization seems to be a growing trend, if you measure it by the number of recent cases that have featured al-Qaeda's Inspire magazine," Doyle said. "Syria features in a video on Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's social network page, and there are reports of Chechens fighting there."
Dzhokhar's online presence is also reported to show support of Chechen separatist groups. But analysts following the two-decade conflict in Chechnya say that whether or not the suspects believed they were fighting for Chechen independence, the horrific attack can only damage the cause.
"Whether this attack turns out to be linked to the Chechen independence movement, it is already damaging that that link has been made," said Lilit Gevorgyan, Russia and CIS analysts at IHS Global Insight in London. "It's the last thing the Chechen people would want — with all the hardship they face as a result of the unresolved conflict this won't help attract good will to their cause."
Others say it is still possible that the brothers were right-wing terrorists, which have a presence in Germany and the United Kingdom.
"It is possible that the two young men had some connection with a neo-Nazi group," Simon Bennett, director of the Civil Safety and Security Unit at the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom.
Contributing: Ruby Russell


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I spend my Saturday mornings on my hands and knees creating paintings in chalk on the street during our local Farmers and Crafts Market. Focused on my work, what I mostly I hear is the burble of the crowd, catching occasional glimpses of the feet of those who stop to watch or drop a dollar in my tip jar. But I do look up from time to time. One morning I looked up to see an elderly man walking away from me — and before I realized what was happening my throat seized with a sob that had leapt up from my chest. In the moment that it took for my conscious mind to form the question: "What's going on?" the reason for my reaction was delivered to that conscious mind: I was watching my dead father walk away from me. Of course, it wasn't my father at all, but a man of a very similar size, with a similar walk, wearing familiar colors. It took only a few seconds before my critical mind was able to distinguish the differences between the actual man I was watching and my real father.
It's a rather stunning illustration of how the mind works, and also how the mind can be fooled: I had glanced up with no thought in particular in my mind, and had seen a man with enough physical similarities to my father to trigger the reaction I would have had had my actual dead father walked past me at the Market. My tears were real — my vision was not.
In evolutionary terms, it makes sense to err on the side of caution: to jump or run away first before deciding that the snake in the grass is really just a snakey-looking stick. That same ancient instinct told my brain in a fraction of a second that I was looking at my father. One very interesting aspect of all of this is that it happened before my conscious brain had a chance to get involved.
But this is not surprising, as recent neuroscience research has shown that, basically, the conscious mind is the last to know. Most often our decisions are happening on the next level down, in a different part of the brain, with the net result that our bodies are reacting to the news at the same moment that the memo is being read by that part of our brain that we like to believe is in control.
We are invested in the notion that we are the authors of our fate, therefore the realization that so much of our reactions and decisions are happening on a pre-conscious level can be unsettling, as if some palace coup is afoot to dethrone our conscious mind from the role of monarch of the ship of our natural state. The actual message is not that dramatic. Our mind — the conscious product of our brain (or brains) — operates on several levels. Those who study such things tend to identify them with the time of their biological evolution, from the more primitive to the more modern: the later adaptations being added to (but not replacing) the earlier brain(s).
To me it's clear that this tells us that we are animals — complex organisms like any other on the planet, but with larger, more complex brains. We argue endlessly about the things that separate us from the other animals, yet are always drawn back to the enormous biological and cognitive heritage that we share. No matter how hard religions tries to resist the erosion of the temple of our uniqueness, the waves of data and science and reality continue to wear it down.
But why should this even be an issue? Why does it seem to matter so much to so many people that we NOT be like the other animals?
The answer to that is as obvious as it is irrational: to accept that we are of a kind with every other life form on the planet makes it harder to hold to the idea that we are special creations of an infinite intelligence. For, despite the fact that our social natures intimately entwine us with small groups of our fellow humans (an animals — our pets!), we are subject to feelings of painful loneliness in those moments when the company of others cannot protect us from the deep dark of night, or our smallness in the face of nature. We have a deep need to not be alone, and that extends into the universe as well as into our community.
This is the primal existential terror that stalks each of us conscious beings. Perhaps it is the force that fuels our profoundly social nature: our need to bond with each other; to form and nurture meaningful and lasting connections with friends, lovers and families; extending acts of charity to strangers we'll never meet.
As I "saw" my dead father in the body of a stranger at the Market, we see the hand of God in random events, our brain's stored associations with a lifetime of experience with other thinking beings triggered by unrelated sights and sounds that seem to have a shape we recognize.
I wasn't thinking of my father that morning, but deep within me was a ready desire to see him if I could. The fact that the experience was unbidden is the sort of detail we take to infer outside agency ("I didn't make it happen"), which gives us the freedom to ascribe "meaning" to a random event. The fact that my brain could even have the deep emotional response it did tells me something even more startling: that this brain of mine is willing to believe that which I know to be physically impossible: my deceased father walking through the market as if living some new, other life, that just happened to take him on a walk past his son drawing on the street.
It is little wonder, then, that we have built entire systems of belief on the quirks of our evolved brains. We have all had these experiences, after all, and therefore have a common frame of reference for this kind of phenomena. And it is the quality of these experiences, much more than their detail, that seems to matter most.
The more I read about the variety of human religious experience, the harder it is to hold to the idea that there is some objective spiritual reality out there that we are all given equal access to. It sounds much more like the tales that children tell each other when they are making believe, and I would argue that it touches the same emotional and psychological triggers that such child's play can trip: the expansive feeling in the chest, the cinching in the throat from excitement, the tingle of mystery tinged with danger, all within the safety of another's company.
This is religion, then: the things we make up to describe the things that take us by surprise. Whether it's the face of Jesus on a tortilla or my father back from the dead at the Farmers Market. Our brains are like a cosmic Global Positioning System that sometimes gives us a wild reading, and we have to go back to the old-fashioned tools to check our bearings.
In my pilot training we learned that even the reliable magnetic compass is subject to distortions: It can be affected by the magnetic field of electronic equipment in the aircraft; certain maneuvers can make it spin wildly; depending on your longitude, you have to add or subtract degrees from its reading; and every compass comes with it's own "correction card" where you note the quirks of your own particular device.
So it is with our brains. Mostly steady and reliable and, frankly, wondrous electrical devices, we nevertheless have to take note of the times they will lead us astray.
t.n.s.r. bob


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Converting to propane from other energy sources gives homeowners significant advantages — and it's easier than you think. Learn how.
Whether you choose the more traditional storage tank model or the space-saving tankless model, propane-powered water heaters deliver unmatched cost savings, energy efficiency, and performance. Discover which propane-powered water heater is right for your home.
If you're still using heating oil in your home, it's time to switch and enjoy the benefits of a modern propane heating system. See the major benefits of propane when you compare it with heating oil.
The most effective way to see the advantages of a propane-powered home over an all-electric home is with this simple cost calculator. Just enter a few variables and let the numbers speak for themselves.


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In case that doesn't work please make sure the game is running and the affected game is loaded and open the psychoff/data/encounters directory. This is in the following locations (assuming you chose the default installation directory)
- Windows: C:\FrozenSynapse\psychoff\data\encounters\
- Windows, Steam: C:\Program Files\Steam\steamapps\common\frozen synapse\psychoff\data\encounters\
C:\Program Files (x86)\Steam\steamapps\common\frozen synapse\common\frozen synapse\psychoff\data\encounters\
- OS X: ~/Library/Application Support/FrozenSynapse/psychoff/data/encounters/
- Linux: ~/.local/share/FrozenSynapse/psychoff/data/encounters/
This should resolve the problem. Please reply if it doesn't, or if you need any help finding this file.


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Wrestler-turned-actor Dwayne Johnson is recovering at home after undergoing an operation to fix three hernial tears.
Johnson star suffered the injury during his fight against John Cena at WrestleMania earlier this month and was told he needed surgery to fix the problem.
He was forced to miss the premiere of his new film "Pain & Gain" in Los Angeles on Monday night so he could go under the knife.
After the operation, Johnson took to his Twitter.com page to tell fans doctors had repaired the tears in his abdominal wall, writing, "Surgery a success! Dr repaired 3 hernial tears (fun pain). Superman is on the mend.. #WeFallWeRise."
The muscle-bound star also uploaded a snap of himself in a hospital bed flexing his biceps while wearing a Superman T-shirt and a surgery cap.
Surgery a success! Dr repaired 3 hernial tears (fun pain). Superman is on the mend.. #WeFallWeRise twitter.com/TheRock/status…
— Dwayne Johnson (@TheRock) April 23, 2013


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ADDISON COUNTY — Chuck Arel, 68, smoked two packs of cigarettes a day for most of his life after starting when he was 14.
On Nov. 26, 2012, after several failed attempts at quitting, he smoked his last cigarette.
"I knew it wasn't healthy. I knew for a long time that smoking wasn't good for anybody," the Vergennes resident said. "But it's not an easy habit to quit."
Arel developed emphysema, and until quitting he had a chronic cough at night.
(Watch our video about the Lake Champlaine Maritime Museum by clicking here.)
FERRISBURGH — Ten area students will be participating in a whale of a project at the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum (LCMM) this winter.
MIDDLEBURY — Jim McWilliam wakes up every morning eager to start work at his job as executive director of The Lodge at Otter Creek, one of Middlebury's two major retirement communities.
And McWilliam doesn't have very far to travel to get to work. He lives at the Lodge, a development that just marked its fifth birthday and is ramping up occupancy as the economy continues to chug out of a lengthy recession.
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A woman's whole world gets flipped upside down when she finds she is pregnant. Aside from the obvious physiological changes in her body, she also faces mood change following a swing in hormones, plus new stresses and concerns about what is to come.
Even with a strong partner and other support systems, women can often feel alone in the process and uneasy about how to cope.
BRISTOL — A major restructuring of the Mount Abraham Union Middle School is in the works for the start of the 2014-2015 academic year, and school officials are seeking community members to form an advisory board as the changes are developed and implemented.
Lake Champlain Maritime Museum from Addison Independent on Vimeo.
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Rascal Flatts One Night Only 'Changed' Movie Theater Event Planned for April
Rascal Flatts fans will want to plan a trip to their local multiplex on Thursday, April 5. That's when the country power trio, in conjunction with AEG Live and NCM Fathom, will present a special, one-night-only theater event across the nation. The Flatts on the big screen? Does it get any better than that?
'Rascal Flatts – CHANGED: One Night Exclusive Theater Event' will take place at 8PM ET (as well as 7PM CT, 6PM MT and 8PM PT, tape delayed). The events that unfold on screen will provide exclusive, never-before-seen access into the lives the men who comprise Rascal Flatts: Gary LeVox, Joe Don Rooney and Jay DeMarcus.
But the band isn't just pulling back the curtain for a sneak peek. In the film, Rascal Flatts will also include exclusive live performances of their biggest hits and play music from the upcoming album 'Changed,' which lands just two days before, on April 3, via Big Machine Records.
It's a full-on Rascal Flatts event. Tickets will be available to the American public in early March by going here. So bookmark that site, grab a red Sharpie and circle April 5 on your calendars, Flatts fans. You'll nosh on some popcorn, toss back some Diet Cokes and enjoy both personal and live footage of your favorite country threesome! But remember, it's one night only, so get your ticket fast!


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God Hates Divorce; God Loves the Divorced
I'm a divorced Christian mom who homeschools four kids, ranging in age from 10 -16. I blog from my heart, where I am seeking to grow through this experience of being a single mom.
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About Denise Houser & her Blog
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In June 1895, a child is secretly living in the South Kensington Museum (later to become the Victoria and Albert), hiding from poverty in the one place that feeds his inchoate passion -- his driving, almost physical need -- "to make something." So begins "The Children's Book" by A.S. Byatt, a vivid and erudite portrait of an age, a family chronicle, a sweeping saga that dramatizes the interplay -- and frequent collisions -- between life and art, politics and personal life, fairy tales and reality, creativity and responsibility, Germany and England. It is a stunning achievement: a novel of ideas that crackles with passion, energy and emotive force.
"The Children's Book," which was short-listed for this year's Man Booker Prize, is densely populated by "socialists, anarchists, Quakers, Fabians, artists, editors, freethinkers and writers," with suffragettes, debutantes, New Women, puppeteers and financiers woven in for good measure. At the center are four families living in the Kent countryside, loosely orbiting around Todefright, the rambling country home of Olive Wellwood. Born into poverty, she has escaped by marrying a (reluctant) banker and becoming a successful author of children's books; far from the mining town of her childhood, she now lives a life informed by progressive social values, parties, culture and creativity, although the instability of this structure is exposed through the book's mounting revelations.
Few writers are Byatt's equal in conveying the textured subjectivity of artists and writers, their ways of seeing, their almost compulsive urge to create. On nature walks, Phillip, the museum runaway, sees crane-flies and makes "a geometric web of their touching bodies"; inflamed by a passion for ceramics, he sees the ocean's colors as a series of glazes, woodland ferns as designs for tiles. Olive, who is sometimes "frightened by the relentlessly busy inventiveness of her brain," communicates with her children most authentically through the private books she writes for each of them, fragments of which flow through the novel.
These fragments, which fascinate and delight, also repel because, as Byatt elsewhere remarks, "all writing is an exercise of power." Speaking of the seeds of "The Children's Book," Byatt comments that she was dramatically interested by the fact that "the children of the great writers for children often came to unhappy ends." Thus she does not tread lightly over the dark side of creation, the self-absorption, irresponsibility and worse: the character of Benedict Fludd, a virtuoso potter, dramatizes the appalling wreckage genius can create among everyone -- and most particularly children -- under the influence of its magnetic pull. Creation and destruction walk hand in hand through the novel, so it is fitting that "The Children's Book" ends at the close of World War I, that colossal waste of a generation.
Byatt's prose ranges from ecstatically lovely descriptions of works of art to brisk exposition of social movements; her characterizations are nuanced and moving. Even though I needed a cheat sheet to keep track of the characters when I began the novel, I came to care about every one of the 20-odd children in the second generation, to the extent that I did not want "The Children's Book" to end. Even though it weighs in at a healthy 675 pages, I still wanted more of this ambitious, compelling novel, certainly Byatt's best since the Booker-winning "Possession: A Romance," and possibly her best ever.
Patricia Hagen teaches English at the College of St. Scholastica in Duluth.


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Winter is upon us, you might have noticed. For those of us unlucky enough to be in the northern hemisphere, where once there was the tangible presence of your fingers and toes, there's now just frozen numbness. Commutes are wet and windy. Walking anywhere requires a 45-degree-angle lean into the howling gales ahead. Sure, there's the clothes, but soon enough even those don't make up for the fact that should you lie in on a Saturday you risk missing all daylight entirely. Winter: it isn't all that.
Option one: wrap up and suck it up. No? Option two: escape to the sun, if not directly (hurry up, galactic travel) then to any of the global destinations where sunglasses and SPF50 are as every day as underwear. Take your chances with the farther corners of Europe if you like, but one cloudy spell and you'll undo any good UV vibes. So don't bother. Luxury hotels, resorts and retreats with a clear line of sight to that huge, fiery star we all worship are ready to facilitate your winter escape, and we've picked eight we know you'll love, from India to the US, Australia and beyond.
As a bonus - and because no sane person escapes anywhere without a smartphone - we've added an Instagram hotspot for each destination. So when you finally arrive at the heat, you can grab some truly epic shots to share with your friends and followers, who'll be kicking themselves for waking up to another bleak winter's day. Let's go!


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Cradle of Life
The Discovery of Earth's Earliest FossilsBook - 1999
One of the greatest mysteries in reconstructing the history of life on Earth has been the apparent absence of fossils dating back more than 550 million years. We have long known that fossils of sophisticated marine life-forms existed at the dawn of the Cambrian Period, but until recently scientists had found no traces of Precambrian fossils. The quest to find such traces began in earnest in the mid-1960s and culminated in one dramatic moment in 1993 when William Schopf identified fossilized microorganisms three and a half billion years old. This startling find opened up a vast period of time--some eighty-five percent of Earth's history--to new research and new ideas about life's beginnings. In this book, William Schopf, a pioneer of modern paleobiology, tells for the first time the exciting and fascinating story of the origins and earliest evolution of life and how that story has been unearthed.
Gracefully blending his personal story of discovery with the basics needed to understand the astonishing science he describes, Schopf has produced an introduction to paleobiology for the interested reader as well as a primer for beginning students in the field. He considers such questions as how did primitive bacteria, pond scum, evolve into the complex life-forms found at the beginning of the Cambrian Period? How do scientists identify ancient microbes and what do these tiny creatures tell us about the environment of the early Earth? (And, in a related chapter, Schopf discusses his role in the controversy that swirls around recent claims of fossils in the famed meteorite from Mars.) Like all great teachers, Schopf teaches the non-specialist enough about his subject along the way that we can easily follow his descriptions of the geology, biology, and chemistry behind these discoveries. Anyone interested in the intriguing questions of the origins of life on Earth and how those origins have been discovered will find this story the best place to start.
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Hack Hotbot, Part IIIMarch 20, 2003
As the world's attention has been shifted elsewhere, not much of note has happened recently in the wide world of design. For the sake of having interesting new things on this site, here are a few notes from my own battle in the trenches: the Hack Hotbot contest. Hopefully they'll be of some use to anyone joining me in this raving masochism.
Ugly code — When you invite people over to your home for dinner, it's considered rude for them to speak up about your cleaning habits. However, when you invite someone into your home, you usually spend a few minutes frantically cleaning to make it presentable.
I'm going to be a bit rude here, pardon my manners HotWired — yep, Hotbot is a mess. It was lauded for converting to a CSS layout a few months back, but I wonder how many people have had their hands in there since. You can almost see the different coding styles at work. Best advice: draw a sketch of the main structural elements, to give you an idea of which containers you can hack for various effect.
Keep in mind that anything you do can only be done to the style sheet. There is no way to modify the HTML source, so consider it set in stone.
Hard–coded pixel values in tables — I said it was a mess, right? There are a few different spots where the tables are given set widths. I'm not against tables for tabular data, but these particular tables seem unnecessary. Not only that, but they are 600 pixel plus, so it limits the design side of things to pretty much one configuration: search box on top, search results/filters right below.
I suspect the layouts of the new skins will be quite similar to each other. There isn't much room to maneuver here, so variation will be more likely in the colour scheme, fonts, and background–images.
Extra style sheet — After all your hard work, there's a further style sheet being called in called 'or.css' which over–writes a few elements in the original style sheet. This might not be a problem, except that some rules are marked !important — exactly the hack I had in mind to over–ride them.
The main element I've clashed with so far has been the logo — but in the end I won. A bit of lateral thinking says, okay, it's relatively positioned top and left, but that doesn't mean it has to stay there. Top and Left positions aren't the only thing determining where it sits on the page. Thanks to some crafty hacking of the margins and a few strategic !important placements, I've managed to move it to where I need it.
Shifting elements — So when you first load the page, you get an announcement table telling you about the Hack contest, which you can close. Which means that the search bar below will shift in place once you've closed it. Which means any background image you've placed to contain the two which relies on pixel values gets bunged up. Make sure to test with both the box open and closed.
Once you close it, it doesn't look like you can get it back without flushing your cookies. So I'd recommend Viewing source and saving a copy of the HTML to your hard drive to work from, to make sure you're seeing the announcement window. Heck, I'd recommend that regardless, it saves time with all the FTPing back and forth.
Lack of containers — One thing I've had to face is that there aren't many elements TO hack. You've got a few stand–alones sitting in the body, but nothing containing them. Which may or may not be a problem, depending on your design ideas. It certainly was with my own.
Here's a $50 tip that may or may not have occured to you: with CSS, it's possible to over–ride most every element. Including the <form> element. You can even apply background images to it. wink wink nudge nudge.
For all my complaining, I have to give credit to the guys at HotWired — this was a great idea for a contest, and one I've jumped at. It takes guts to open up your source to the world, bugs and all.
I have to wonder about the entries though. I'm sure I will be blown away by what is accomplished with creative CSS and some non–linear thinking, but the bar seems rather high for entry to this. Not only do you have to be a code jockey, capable of making sense of the standards–soup, but you have to be a great designer to put it all together into something attractive. What we saw recently with the WThRemix contest was that the 'CSS as structure' crowd were gung–ho to throw their hat in the ring, but the 'CSS as beauty' crowd shied away.
This contest is for people who are both. How many of those are there, I wonder. I hope they put up a big page of entries once the contest is over, I'd love to browse and see if I'm totally out to lunch here or if my theories hold up.
Reader Comments
Amen brother. I had all those problems with my entry, too. Another one you didn't list was especially dissappointing: I spent a long time testing to make sure there were no bugs, but once the contest was complete, they changed the HTML containers around and it broke some of my layout. Arghh… Anyway, I think that's why they only put up screenshots of the runners-up instead of the code. This was my entry: http://www.cookiecrook.com/img/blog/hackbot-large.gif Have you gotten your T-shirt yet? ;)
I admire the CSS Zen Garden stuff. You've demonstrated how fantastic it is to style clean, planned, valid markup. I wish the Hackbot contest had been that smooth. I will be adding my entry to the Garden one of these days. Cheers!


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The Alliance for the Certification of Lay Ecclesial Ministers (or, "the Alliance") seeks to affirm and promote lay ecclesial ministry in parishes and dioceses throughout the United States. The Alliance is comprised of five national Catholic ministry organizations working collaboratively to produce common standards for lay ecclesial ministry and to implement and promote the certification of lay ecclesial ministers. The Alliance partners include:
Now available: This video discusses the value of lay ecclesial ministry certification with specific attention to pastoral leaders and various ministries.
Update information: Application and other forms are available for download on the "How Do I Get Certified?" page. Also links to Forms page.
In fulfilling its mission, the Alliance has revised and updated the 2003 National Certification Standards for Lay Ecclesial Ministers and has developed procedures for the certification of lay ecclesial ministers serving in the specialized ministries represented by the Alliance partners.
Applications for candidacy and portfolio completions for consideration to be certified are accepted twice a year before the following deadlines:
In October 2011, the Committee on Certification and Accreditation of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB/CCA) granted approval of the national certification standards and procedures for a period of seven years.
The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops Subcommittee on Certification for Ecclesial Ministry and Service (formerly the USCCB Commission on Certification and Accreditation) has approved the certification standards and procedures of the Alliance for the Certification of Lay Ecclesial Ministers through 2018. The USCCB Subcommittee national office is located at 3211 Fourth Street NE, Washington, DC 20017 (202-541-3154).
For more information go to: www.usccb.org/certification.
© . National Association for Lay Ministry on behalf of the Alliance for the Certification of Lay Ecclesial Ministers


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A very competitive tournament with last lifts making the difference.
That's how Morenci power-lifting coach Dan Hoffman described Friday and Saturday's MHSPLA Raw High School State Meet.
In the end, Morenci lifters came home with several state records and three first-place finishes.
"This was the most competitive meet of the year to date," Hoffman said. "Most of our lifters' final attempt on the dead lift determined the final place, including all the boys state champions."
That worked in the favor of some Bulldog competitors, but against Kelby Allen. He set a state record in the squat lift at 405 pounds, but he was edged out by five pounds on another lifter's final attempt and ended up placing second overall in the 145-pound weight division.
Allen's other scores were 225 in the bench, 445 in the dead lift and 1,075 overall.
Levi Hoffman stayed on top in the 181-pound class, setting a state record of 1,250 total pounds. His 450 squat was also a record. He lifted 270 in the bench and 530 in the dead lift.
Morenci's other varsity state champion came in the girls 114-pound division with Roxanne Shankster.
She scored 105 in the bench press and set records in the squat (195) and the dead lift (265). Her total was 565.
Salena Keller competed in the 123-pound class and placed fifth with a 510 total. Her scores were 180 (squat), 90 (bench) and 240 (dead lift).
Naomi Hoffman competed at 114 with scores of 155, 95, 205 and 455.
Codie Clymer placed seventh in the 145-pound varsity competition with scores of 300, 225, 390 and 915. Lucas Johnson (207) scored 300, 275, 435 and 1,010.
Morenci also produced a junior varsity state champion with Chas Frey winning the 145-pound class. His scores were 285, 245 (record), 410 (record) and 940.
More than 300 lifters competed in the boys varsity division and nearly that many in the junior varsity tournament. About 150 girls lifted.
All compeittors qualified for the state tournament through scores earned a regional meets. Medals were given to the top 10 in the boys division and to the top five girls.
The final meet of this school year is he USA Powerlifting High School Nationals in Kalamazoo April 4-6. This marks the first year the national tournament has been scheduled in Michigan.


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put in for[ poot ]SEE DEFINITION OF put in for
late Old English *putian, implied in putung "instigation, an urging," literally "a putting;" related to pytan "put out, thrust out" (of eyes), probably from a Germanic stem that also produced Danish putte "to put," Swedish dialectal putta; Middle Dutch pote "scion, plant," Dutch poten "to plant," Old Norse pota "to poke."
Meaning "act of casting a heavy stone overhead" (as a trial of strength) is attested from c.1300. Obsolete past tense form putted is attested 14c.-15c. To put down "end by force or authority" (a rebellion, etc.) is from c.1300. Adjective phrase put out "angry, upset" is first recorded 1887; to put out, of a woman, "to offer oneself for sex" is from 1947. To put upon (someone) "play a trick on, impose on" is from 1690s. To put up with "tolerate, accept" (1755) was originally to put up, as in "to pocket." To put (someone) on "deceive" is from 1958.


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|Version 91 (modified by ibaldin, 9 years ago)
Setting up Euca 2.0 with NEuca patches
This document covers installation of Eucalyptus 2.0.0 from source in MANAGED-NOVLAN mode of operation. You must have several physical hosts at your disposal, one designated as a head node and the rest as worker nodes. Worker nodes will have to run either KVM or Xen to be able to create virtual machines. In the described setup the head node does not run Eucalyptus VM instances and therefore does not have to run Xen or KVM. Xen/KVM configuration is not covered in this document as it is heavily distribution and hardware dependent.
Eucalyptus does not have strong dependencies on the distribution. The selected distribution should have a kernel version >= 2.6.22 to properly support tgt package for iSCSI configuration and should ideally offer 'out-of-the-box' use of Xen or KVM (depending on your hardware).
Installation contains several basic steps:
- Building and installing Euca head node from unpatched sources
- Building and installing Euca worker nodes from NEuca patched sources
- Configuring master and worker nodes
- Registering worker nodes with master
- Testing installation
Basic assumptions
- There is a single master/head node and a number of worker nodes all with identical basic OS installations. Master node will run eucalyptus cloud controller and cluster controller. Worker nodes will run eucalyptus node controller.
- Worker nodes have a working hypervisor (Xen or KVM) with libvirt installed on top of it.
- Hypervisor is not installed/disabled on the master node.
- All nodes are part of a single broadcast domain which contains no DHCP servers.
- All code is built on the master node.
- Eucalyptus users will operate from the head node (initially). This is where eucalyptus user tools are installed and this is the host from which VMs are initially accessible.
- All worker nodes have secondary network interfaces (not used for primary connectivity and by Eucalyptus) that can be used by NEuca for e.g. VLAN attachment.
Canonical NEuca network configuration
Installation prerequisites
- Make sure ssh keys for root user are shared across the hosts (i.e. that the root on master node can perform a passwordless login in any worker node).
root@master$ ssh-keygen root@master$ cd .ssh/ root@master$ cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys root@master$ scp authorized_keys root@worker1:~/.ssh/ root@master$ scp authorized_keys root@worker2:~/.ssh/
- Download source code packages for Eucalyptus to master node:
- Eucalyptus 2.0.0 source, offline version
- Eycalyptus 2.0.0 source dependencies
- Euca2ools 1.3.1 source
- Euca2ools 1.3.1 source dependencies
- Install software build prerequisites from installation instructions Step 1 on master node. Pay attention to the software prerequisites in Step 1, it is preferable to install Sun's Java 1.6.x or above over OpenJDK.
Installing master node
- Follow installation instructions through step 4. Define $EUCALYPTUS to be /opt/eucalyptus-2.0 in Step 2:
root@master$ export EUCALYPTUS=/opt/eucalyptus-2.0
- At this point you have Eucalyptus installed in /opt/eucalyptus-2.0 on master node. This is the location from which eucalyptus-cloud and eucalyptus-cc will run from
Installing worker nodes
Next step is to build Eucalyptus for worker nodes
- Move the master node build tree to a new location:
root@master$ mv $EUCALYPTUS_SRC $EUCALYPTUS_SRC-master-build
- Start from Step 2 and follow installation instructions through step 3. Define $EUCALYPTUS to be /opt/eucalyptus-2.0-node in Step 2. The desired result is to have another eucalyptus tree built and installed for the use on worker nodes that is independent of the one built for the master.
- As additional step 3d build an additional depdency - iniparser3.0b library (attached to this page):
root@master$ export INIPARSER_HOME=$EUCALYPTUS/packages/iniparser3.0b root@master$ cd /root root@master$ tar -zxf iniparser3.0b-neuca0.1.tar.gz root@master$ cd iniparser3.0b; make; make install root@master$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$INIPARSER_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
- Proceed to step 4, but apply NEuca patch attached to this page prior to building Eucalyptus (prior to running ./configure). Note that after this step is complete, on master node there will be another Eucalyptus tree, this one in /opt/eucalyptus-2.0-node:
root@master$ cd $EUCALYPTUS_SRC root@master$ patch -p0 < ../neuca-0.1.patch
- As step 5, copy this tree (/opt/eucalyptus-2.0-node) to all worker nodes. After this step you should have a built Eucalyptus 2.0 tree on the master node (/opt/eucalyptus-2.0) and each of the worker nodes (/opt/eucalyptus-2.0-node).
- If you don't have rsync installed, a combination of tar and ssh works to copy the Eucalyptus tree just as well:
root@master$ tar -cf - $EUCALYPTUS | ssh root@worker1 tar -xf - -C /
- If you don't have rsync installed, a combination of tar and ssh works to copy the Eucalyptus tree just as well:
- Eucalyptus expects all installations (master and worker) on all hosts to be in the same directory. So on each worker node symlink /opt/eucalyptus-2.0-node to /opt/eucalyptus-2.0:
root@worker$ ln -s /opt/eucalyptus-2.0-node /opt/eucalyptus-2.0
- On worker node modify the configuration of the dynamic linker to help locate iniparser library. Create file /etc/ld.so.conf.d/iniparser.conf:
root@worker1$ echo /opt/eucalyptus-2.0-node/packages/iniparser3.0b/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/iniparser.conf root@worker1$ ldconfig root@worker1$ ldconfig -p | grep iniparser
- The last command above should return output similar to this:
root@worker1$ ldconfig -p | grep iniparser libiniparser.so.0 (libc6,x86-64) => /opt/eucalyptus-2.0-node/packages/iniparser3.0b/lib/libiniparser.so.0 libiniparser.so (libc6,x86-64) => /opt/eucalyptus-2.0-node/packages/iniparser3.0b/lib/libiniparser.so
- Copy this /etc/ld.so.conf.d/iniparser.conf to all worker nodes and run ldconfig command:
root@worker1$ scp /etc/ld.so.conf.d/iniparser.conf root@worker2:/etc/ld.so.conf.d/iniparser.conf root@worker1$ ssh root@worker2 ldconfig
This setup assumes that a single NIC in each physical host is dedicated to Eucalyptus functions. Other NICs can be used for extra data-plane connectivity. The MANAGED-NOVLAN mode places no requirements for the supported network switches. To properly setup the network configuration it is important to know two things:
- The name of the physical interface on master node that has access to worker nodes (and in this case also is public; it is named eth0)
- The name of the bridge on worker nodes that KVM or XEN uses. In this case it is also eth0, because Xen is used as an example. In case of KVM it is typically br0. Check your setup!
- Perform step 6 a and b of the installation instructions (add user 'eucalyptus' to all nodes; configure hypervisor if not yet configured)
- On worker nodes initialize the configuration file (note that instances directory does not have to be /usr/local/eucalyptus; you can configure it to be anything you want and this step will create and initialize it):
root@worker$ /opt/eucalyptus-2.0/usr/sbin/euca_conf -d /opt/eucalyptus-2.0 --hypervisor kvm --instances /opt/eucalyptus-2.0-instances --user eucalyptus --setup
- Initialize config file on master node (reset $EUCALYPTUS to /opt/eucalyptus-2.0):
root@master$ $EUCALYPTUS/usr/sbin/euca_conf -d $EUCALYPTUS --setup root@master$ $EUCALYPTUS/usr/sbin/euca_conf -d $EUCALYPTUS --enable cloud --enable walrus --enable sc
- Make sure master node has dhcpd installed (typically /usr/sbin/dhcpd or /usr/sbin/dhcpd3). It must not be configured. The worker nodes cannot deal with multiple DHCP servers on the same subnet in this Eucalyptus mode. The only DHCP server on that subnet must be the one used by Eucalyptus. It is important to know if DHCPD needs to be run as user root or dhcpd. Apparmor, if running, may need to be configured to allow dhcpd to read/write files from custom locations (e.g. $EUCALYPTUS/var/run/eucalyptus/net ).
- Read networking configuration notes. Examples here presume master node has a single interface (eth0) that is both public (allows anyone to reach the host) and is used to communicate to the rest of the cluster, while worker nodes use bridge named 'eth0'. Your setup will be different.
- Modify the configuration of the master node ($EUCALYPTUS/etc/eucalyptus/eucalyptus.conf; only the relevant stanzas are shown; make sure no other VNET_MODE statements are uncommented in the file). Note that in the shown configuration the 10.100.x.x range is used internally by Eucalyptus, while 192.168.203.x range is 'public' (even though it comes from a reserved address space):
VNET_PUBINTERFACE="eth0" VNET_PRIVINTERFACE="eth0" VNET_DHCPDAEMON="/usr/sbin/dhcpd3" VNET_MODE="MANAGED-NOVLAN" VNET_SUBNET="10.100.0.0" VNET_NETMASK="255.255.0.0" VNET_DNS="192.168.201.254" VNET_ADDRSPERNET="32" VNET_PUBLICIPS="192.168.203.31 192.168.203.32 192.168.203.33 192.168.203.34 192.168.203.35 192.168.203.36 192.168.203.37 192.168.203.38 192.168.203.39 192.168.203.40"
- Modify the configuration of worker nodes ($EUCALYPTUS/etc/eucalyptus/eucalyptus.conf). VNET_BRIDGE must be the name of the bridge on worker nodes that is used by Xen or KVM. In this example it is eth0:
VNET_MODE="MANAGED-NOVLAN" VNET_BRIDGE="eth0"
Installing user tools
You must have a recent (1.3) version of user tools. Older versions do not support necessary command-line options for NEuca. As a starting point you can install Eucalyptus user tools on the head/master node, following these instructions.
Running and testing Eucalyptus
- Start Eucalyptus on master node for the first time and observe the log files for any errors (note that the cloud controller may take more than a minute to complete its initialization):
root@master$ $EUCALYPTUS/etc/init.d/eucalyptus-cloud start root@master$ $EUCALYPTUS/etc/init.d/eucalyptus-cc start
- Test that you can access the cloud portal at https://master.node:8443/
- Start Eucalyptus on worker nodes
root@worker1$ $EUCALYPTUS/etc/init.d/eucalyptus-nc start
- On master node perform registration of components and cluster
- Login through the portal, create user, download user credentials. Install user credentials into the regular (non-root) account on the master node. The host must have euca2ools-1.3.1 installed from source or binary.
- Try it out
user@somehost$ euca-describe-availability-zones verbose
- Download one of the stock Eucalyptus images (in your cluster we portal, click on 'Extras')
- Upload the selected image into Eucalyptus. This example uses euca-ubuntu-9.04-x86_64, but you may pick any other available. Be sure to select the right kernel/ramdisk to upload - Xen kernels will not work on KVM installations and vice-versa. This example puts images into bucket named 'iamges', and kernels and ramdisks into a bucket named 'kernels'. This is a matter of preference only.
$ tar -zxf euca-ubuntu-9.04-x86_64.tar.gz $ cd euca-ubuntu-9.04-x86_64/kvm-kernel $ euca-bundle-image -i vmlinuz-2.6.28-11-generic --kernel true $ euca-upload-bundle -b kernels -m /tmp/vmlinuz-2.6.28-11-generic.manifest.xml $ euca-register kernels/vmlinuz-2.6.28-11-generic.manifest.xml $ euca-bundle-image -i initrd.img-2.6.28-11-generic --ramdisk true $ euca-upload-bundle -b kernels -m /tmp/initrd.img-2.6.28-11-generic.manifest.xml $ euca-register kernels/initrd.img-2.6.28-11-generic.manifest.xml $ cd .. $ euca-bundle-image -i ubuntu.9-04.x86-64.img $ euca-upload-bundle -b images -m /tmp/ubuntu.9-04.x86-64.img.manifest.xml $ euca-register images/ubuntu.9-04.x86-64.img.manifest.xml $ euca-describe-images
- Generate an SSH key pair using euca-add-keypair, then try to create an instance using euca-run-instances (be sure to use --addressing private option at first)
- Once basic VM instantiation is verified, you can try providing --user-data-file option to euca-run-instances command with a NEuca INI file, as described in the overview section.
Where to look
Logfiles are typically located in the installation subtree ($EUCALYPTUS/var/log/eucalyptus). Look for error logs. Check this page.
Euca cloud controller
Cloud controller wont run
This problem manifests itself with eucalyptus-cloud dying. Inspect the log files ($EUCALYPTUS/var/log/eucalyptus/cloud-error.log). If it complains about being unable to run tgt, install tgt:
- Install a binary package if possible. On Debian/Ubuntu do
root@master$ aptitude search tgt
- Download and install tgt software if it is missing. This software manages ISCSI volumes for EBS.
root@master$ make ISCSI=1; make install
It may also complain about running vblade or other executables. The solution is similar, binary packages usually exist.
Using the correct JDK
- If your Java 1.6 installation is non-standard, you need to update $EUCALYPTUS/etc/init.d/eucalyptus-cloud to define JAVA_HOME in its opening part and updating PATH to include $JAVA_HOME/bin
Cluster controller
Resetting cluster controller state
If you've made significant changes to the eucalyptus.conf or simply want to flush the state of the cluster controller you can do that by
root@master$ $EUCALYPTUS/etc/init.d/eucalyptus-cc stop root@master$ $EUCALYPTUS/etc/init.d/eucalyptus-cc cleanstart
DHCP does not work
Most common problem seems to be that VMs startup properly but Eucalyptus either fails to update the dhcpd configuration file or fails to (re)start dhcpd. All these problems are related to file and or user permissions. Consult Cluster Controller logfiles (on master node $EUCALYPTUS/var/log/eucalyptus/cc.log and look for string "DHCP"). Culprits may be running dhcpd as a wrong user (set through eucalyptus.conf) or Apparmor interfering and preventing dhcpd from creating/modifying files.
See step 6e of installation instructions.
(153.6 kB) - added by ibaldin
9 years ago.
NEuca canonical deployment diagram
(32.1 kB) - added by ibaldin
9 years ago.
NEuca 0.12 patch for Eucalyptus 2.0.0 - 2.0.2


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Serving Dupage, Cook and Lake Counties, Mount Prospect, Schaumburg, Wood Dale
Pro Home 1 is your full-service roofing contractor and siding expert with over ten years of experience in the Wheaton area. We are a Guild Quality member with hundreds of satisfied customers, and we are certified by some of the best manufacturers in the home improvement industry to ensure the best quality possible for our customers. Whether you need roof repairs such as hail damage repair, ridge vents and ventilation, ice damage repair, or a new replacement roof, we can help! Our roofing experts will conduct a professional roof inspection and will advise you on your best option moving forward. If you're ready to upgrade to a new roof replacement we offer asphalt shingles, wood shingles, and many more.
Roof Repairs are crucial when it comes to protecting your investment and extending the overall life of your roof. Common roof repairs can vary from shingles blowing off during a storm, missing shingles on an area of your roof, moisture build-up in your attic or water stains in your ceiling. Small roof repairs are considered a normal part of roof maintenance as they help to extend the life of your roof and ensure that your family is protected from the elements. Small roof repairs are great because they help to save money and overall strengthen the integrity of your roof. One factor that is hugely important when it comes to roof repairs is time. It is vitally important to contact the professionals at Pro Home 1 to look at your roof repair issues. Our crew of professionals are experts at diagnosing roofing issues and also formulating lasting solutions. Don't wait any longer, contact us today to schedule a FREE roof repair estimate!
Roof repairs are a great option for minor roof damage. However, when there is a major issue on your roof or your roof is nearing its natural lifespan of about 20 years, its time for a roof replacement. Roof replacements can seem very intimidating and stressful but at Pro Home 1 we have a streamlined process to get your roof replaced in the most efficient way possible. Getting a complete roof replacement is a major project for any homeowner and we will work with you every step of the way to make sure you get the roof you deserve. If your roof is showing signs of age or has significant damage, contact the experts at Pro Home 1 today. We provide a wide variety of roofing materials and will give you a durable, high-quality roof that will perfectly complement your home for decades to come!
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When you need roof repair, roof installation, siding replacement, or any other home improvement service, Pro Home 1 is the roofing contractor and remodeler that you can trust. We proudly serve Wheaton, IL, and areas nearby. Contact us today for a free estimate!


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Bi Chay Recipes
Vegetarian Spring Rolls: Bi Cuon Chay Recipe
For this dish I made a traditional bì chay with jicama, tofu, a protein element and soy sauce dipping sauce. Then I wrapped the tofu mixture in rice paper disks, forming tasty and healthy spring rolls. Rice vermicelli noodles, shredded lettuce and cucumber were added to form the rolls as well.
Once you master forming the spring rolls, you can experiment with many different combinations of noodles, vegetables and protein. Just try to maintain the same ratio of ingredient types as in this recipe.
Full Recipe...
Bun Bi Chay Recipe
Bun is a popular Vietnamese meal, which consists of rice vermicelli noodles, shredded lettuce, bean sprouts, cucumber, a protein element and dipping sauce. Bun bì chay is a vegetarian version that replicates shredded pork by using fried sliced jicama and fried tofu.
This is an ideal and very refreshing hot weather dish. The preparation is labor intensive, especially with chopping and frying, so I usually make a large quantity. It's delicious and keeps for a few days, so it's definitely worth the effort.
Full Recipe...
Bi Chay (Vietnamese Vegetarian Recipe)
If you're looking for tasty Vietnamese vegetarian food, this bì chay recipe is just for you. This version respects the true Buddhist vegetarian diet, which states no onion, garlic or shallots allowed. The flavors of the dish are mainly from the toasted jasmine rice ground into a fine powder, blended with very thinly shredded fried potatoes, taro, tofu and jicama. Jicama is a sweet turnip that is used quite often in Vietnamese cuisine (as well as in Mexican food) and it mimics the texture of pork skin.
I served this tofu dish with rice noodles, aromatic Vietnamese green herbs and a soy sauce-based dipping sauce made with coconut. The result is a simple, refreshing dish that is packed with flavor. It just proves that with the right ingredients and cooking techniques, even food made for a restricted Buddhist vegetarian diet can be satisfying. Don't believe me? You'll have to try it to for yourself!
Full Recipe...
Bi Cuon Chay (Vietnamese Vegetarian Spring Rolls)
The bì cuốn chay is a blend of bì chay, thick rice vermicelli noodles, baby cucumber sticks, Vietnamese mint and Thai basil wrapped in a bánh tráng (rice paper disk). It is served with a simple soy sauce-based dipping sauce called nước chấm, nước mắm (fish sauce) or a peanut sauce (recipe follows in the tip section).
We had some bì chay yesterday. I served it with bún (thick rice vermicelli noodles). When served together, it is called Bún chay. In many ways, the dish is basically a deconstructed spring roll. That made deciding what to do with the leftovers really easy. Without much effort, you'll get two meals out of the same dish. And did I mention that it is absolutely delicious?
If you crave the fried version for your main course, check out the recipe here.
Full Recipe...
Bi Chay (Shredded Tofu and Crispy Mock Pork)
Bì chay is probably one of my favorite Vietnamese vegetarian street foods. Not only is it a popular everyday eat, but it is also very common at temples. It's a mix of fried Asian ingredients such as tofu, taro, potatoes, jicama and fine vermicelli noodles. The whole mix is topped with dry toasted jasmine rice mill. It gives a nice aroma and chewy texture to the blend.
Whenever I pack sandwiches for a picnic, I either make the good ol' cheese and vegetable sandwich or an Asian-style sandwich, which is called bánh mì chay. It is a Vietnamese-style baguette sandwich stuffed with bì chay, pickled daikon and carrots, and green sliced chiles.
You can also simply eat bì chay with bún (bún chay), the vegetarian equivalent of bún cá chiên (fried fish with vermicelli rice noodles).
If you want to serve this as a appetizer (bì cuốn chay) for a vegetarian crowd, just wrap the bì chay in rice paper and create little spring rolls.
Full Recipe...


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Search Results for 'ed westwick and jessica szohr 2011'
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- AboutBOY-action.net. Printed paper version of this news will be available through BOY ACTION weekly magazine. All articles originally written, edited and reviewed manually from trusted source by our qualified Authors. Get the latest information on your browser right away. Enjoy the new gate into information freedom.


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Welcome to The Bass Place : The 1st and Best Bass Specialty Shop
The Bass Place is a shop specializing in basses, bass guitars, bass amps, and just about everything bass. We have the most knowledgeable staff and the best selection. So browse our online store, or stop on in! We've got all the bass gear you need!


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I posted this earlier today under the heading "Suddenly Unable to download listings" Please see that thread for the possibilities already eliminated.
I'm using MythTV v0.27 on FC20, and haven't been able to get new listings for several days now. I haven't changed anything about my setup, but now I'm getting the following error whenever I try.
2015-08-10 12:09:48.881795 E DataDirect: Failed to get data: Download error
2015-08-10 12:09:48.881800 E Encountered error in grabbing data.
2015-08-10 12:09:48.982701 I Updating source #2 (DD) with grabber tv_grab_na_dd
2015-08-10 12:09:48.982899 I No channels are configured to use grabber.
I was getting listings fine through Friday afternoon.
Any thoughts?


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I've got a binary, compiled by a third party and I need to know all the dependencies it requires. I'm not sure if
ldd shows everything. I'm sure the binary uses GStreamer, and some codec packages, but
ldd shows only GStreamer, without codec packs...
Any ideas how to do it correctly?


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The Cooking Corner by Bernice Volkens
February 17, 2012
February is the month we celebrate the bithdays of Washington and Lincoln. My love for history makes them among my favorite holidays and we always celebrate them on the "real" date—Lincoln, February, 12th and Washington's on February, 22nd. However, it is a great thing that we have a national holiday for all presidents. Thinking of Lincoln and Washington, these two Americans each came from different social and economic backgrpounds; yet both rose to the highest office in the land. Washington, born to wealth and prominence, lived a life of ease, during his early years. He was a gentelman, genteel and cultured. Lincoln was the opposite. He was little more than an uncouth country boy who grew up amid the hardships of the frontier. He was rugged and often crude, both in speech and dress. Both men, however, devoted their years to the well-being of America as the best understood it to be at the time. Washington and Lincoln had a great love for this nation and there's no doubt about their willingness to sacrifice everything they had for it's survival and growth. These last months with all the politics going on I wish more awareness of all Americans and what we stand for, especially the truth. If we, as Americans, would try to live up to the beliefs of Washinton and Lincoln we could better cope with our government today and the political process. I like to think, Washington in his war days would go to Gadsby's Tavern in Alexandria, Virgina, just to eat their "Sally Lunn Bread." Gadsby Tavern has been a historic eating place since the mei-1700 and it's still there serving its delicious Sally Lunn Bread. This was one of my favorites of a quick bread; it might not be the same recipe my Mom used but any I have ever tried has always been good. GADSBY'S SALLY LUNN BREAD 1 cup milk 1/2 cup solid shortening 1/4 cup water 4 cups flour, sifted 1/3 cup sugar 2 tsp. salt 1 pkg. dry yeast 3 eggs Put milk and shortening and water in a small saucepan. Heat until just warm - shortening does not have to melt completely. Meanwhile, combine 1 1/2 cup of flour, the sugar, salt and yeast in a large mixing bowl. Add warm milk mixture and beat at medium speed for2 minutes, scraping with a spatula several times while mixing.. Beat in eggs and another cup of flour. Again beat at high speed for 2 minutes more. Remove from mixer and beat in remaining flour with a heavy spoon. When all mixed, cover bowl with a clean tea towel and let dough rise until double in bulk. Grease a tube pan or large bundt pan. Stir down dough and turn out into the pan.. Cover again, and let rise until increased inbulk about one-half. Bake in pre-heated oven at 350 degrees for 40 to 50 minutes or until golden brown on top and sounds ho;;ow when thumped. Remove from oven and turn out on a cooling rack. Serve either warm or cold. "Associate with men of good quality, if you esteem your reputation. It is better to be alone than in bad company."—-George Washington
News, Blogs & Events Web


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Still in limbo: Hawks coach Drew waiting on status for next season while team explores options
ATLANTA – More than a week after getting bounced from the NBA playoffs, the Atlanta Hawks are still trying to figure out who's going to coach them next season.
It might be Larry Drew, their coach the last three seasons. It might be someone else, since general manager Danny Ferry inherited Drew from the previous regime and makes it clear he's looking at other options.
At the moment, Drew remains in limbo. His contract expires July 1.
Ferry has praised the job Drew did leading a team that had numerous players with expiring contracts. Despite the uncertainty, the Hawks made their sixth straight playoff appearance, though they were knocked out in the first round by the Indiana Pacers.
But Ferry says he owes it to the franchise to explore all possibilities.


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Pubs Melbourne welcomes Melbourne NSW, browse through our listings to find a lovely Pub, Club or Restaurant of your choice.
This Northern Rivers country golf course is arguably one of the finest in Australia.
Close to Mount Warning National Park, the towering mountain peak is ever-present as you traverse the spectacular layout.
The natural beauty and serenity of the course has to be experienced to be believed and no keen golfer should miss the opportunity to play here.
Murwillumbah Golf Club challenges you to play this 18 hole championship golf course and is considered a challenge by even the advanced player.
Murwillumbah Golf Club provides two dining experiences when choosing to eat out.
The club has both Chinese and Australian cuisine or you can make a takeaway.
This is also a great venue for weddings and celebrations.
There is also regular entertainment events.
About Mount Warning Hotel:
One of the north coasts' classic ' Country Pubs' with a rich history in the Red Cedar glory days and later in the dairy industry. The Uki pub is often a starting or finishing venue for a climb to the top of nearby Mt Warning.
An ice cold schooner or two at the end of a exhilarating four hour hike is to be savoured.
The pub serves excellent pub grub and has comfortable country style accommodation.


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Peña's Donut Heaven & Grill in Pearland announced this week it's now serving a croissant-doughnut hybrid. But it's not a "cronut," it's a "dosant."
The distinction is important as Dominique Ansel, a pastry chef in New York City, began selling the croissant-doughnut hybrid called the cronut earlier this year. After creating the treat, the chef has had to limit customers to just a few at a time. Cronut "scalpers" then sprang up charging upwards of $100 for just one of the tasty treats.
These things are just that good.
Peña's dosants are made in Texas and sell for a fraction of the price of those scalped pastries. The Pearland dosants have been popular however. According to Peña's twitter feed they are selling out and now must limit purchases.
No more Dosants today. Sorry but sold out. We will make more tomorrow.
— Pena's Donut Heaven (@PenaDonutHeaven) June 19, 2013
We will limit 2 Dosants per customer at store, day ahead phone orders will can be place with limit of 1 dozen.
— Pena's Donut Heaven (@PenaDonutHeaven) June 19, 2013
Peña's Donut Heaven & Grill is located at 11601 Shadow Creek Parkway.