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Railroad Station:N. end of Boundary St. for Chesapeake and Ohio Ry.
Bus Station: College Shop, Duke of Gloucester and Boundary Sts., for Greyhound and Peninsula Transit Corp. Lines.
Taxis: Fare $0.25 within city.
Traffic Regulations: Half-hour parking limit on Duke of Gloucester St.; large public parking lots adjoining business area; speed limit on Duke of Gloucester St. and around college, 15 m.p.h., elsewhere 25 m.p.h.
Accommodations: 2 large, 10 small inns, numerous guest houses; seasonal rates.
Information Service: Information Bureau of the Restoration, Craft House, S.England St. beside Williamsburg Inn; Chamber of Commerce, New Shop Buildings, W. end Duke of Gloucester St.; booth on Richmond Rd. during tourist season.
Motion Picture Houses: One.
Golf: Yorktown Golf Course, 13 m. SE. on Colonial National Parkway, 18 holes, greens fee $1.
Swimming: Yorktown Beach, 13 m. SE. on Colonial National Parkway, suit $0.25, bath house $0.25.
Annual Events: Garden Week, late Apr. or May; Alumni Day at College of William and Mary, early June; General Assembly of Virginia meets in Colonial Capitol once during each biennial legislative session.
WILLIAMSBURG (78 to 84 alt., 3,778 pop.), capital of Virginia from 1699 to 1780 and now the showplace among Colonial restorations, is spread upon a ridge in the peninsula between the James and York Rivers. Queen's Creek and College Creek (called in early days Archer's Hope) partly encircle the city. Round about, fields roll toward the water or stretch inland to meet pine woods. On the outskirts are new houses of brick or wood. East-west Duke of Gloucester Street, wide, straight, and tree-shaded, bisects the little city from the college to the capitol.
Eighteenth-century Williamsburg, lately a straggling, dusty ghost, is today a lively reincarnation of the busy and important Colonial capital. Bordering deep sidewalks, with benches at the curbs, are shops behind facades of eighteenth-century design and signs in flowing script. Set close to the street, most of the dwellings have green shutters and gambrel or gabled roofs pierced by a line of dormer windows. Those of frame are small, with vast single-buttressed brick chimneys; a few, built of brick, are large and formally designed, while many have rambling additions. But whether of pink brick or white clapboard they appear old in pattern only. In the interiors, paneling and wainscoting are freshly painted or of polished natural woods, and walls are tinted 'Williamsburg blue' or covered with fresh paper. Gardens, where old-fashioned flowers bloom from early spring till late fall, have great boxwood trees or hedges of dwarf box planted in intricate patterns.
The past constitutes Williamsburg's livelihood, its present, and its future. The colonists' homes and taverns, where all classes of Virginians lived and assembled, and the palace and its gardens, where royal governors surrounded themselves with such splendor as would make their 'barbarous exile' more endurable, illustrate like a picture book the long fight waged by liberty-loving people against privileged aristocracy. Today boys and girls in college clothes and tourists hurrying from house to house contrast ludicrously with Negro guides and attendants in eighteenth-century costumes. Williamsburg-without patina-is the only Colonial city that appears today much as it did before the Revolution. Old and new buildings, in about equal proportion, glisten with pristine freshness; and now, as always, handicrafts represent the only local industries.
The 'Act for the Seatinge of the Middle Plantation,' passed in 1633, encouraged settlement in the area where Dr. John Pott was living. Middle Plantation stood just within the six-mile palisade built across the peninsula to protect settlers from a repetition of the Massacre of 1622. The 'pallisades . . . bounded in by two large Creekes' gave 'all the lower part of Virginia . . . a range for their cattle, near fortie miles in length and in most places twelve miles broade.' Middle Plantation suffered in the Massacre of 1644, and two years later a new palisade was ordered to replace the neglected original. On August 3, 1676, at the house of Otho Thorpe occurred the taking of the 'Oath of Middle Plantation,' an important event in Bacon's Rebellion. Here William Drummond and other principals in that abortive assertion of independence were hanged by Governor Berkeley. Jamestown having been destroyed by Bacon, Middle Plantation became for a short time the seat of restored royal Government. Though citizens of York signed a petition urging the temporary capital as most fit to become permanent, Jamestown was rebuilt.
The choice of Middle Plantation by the assembly in 1693 as the site of 'a free schoole & college' to be known as William and Mary and the burning of the State House in Jamestown caused Middle Plantation, still only a loose concentration of plantation dwellings, to be designated in 1699 as the new capital, renamed Williamsburg in honor of William III. Immediate provision was made for construction of a capitol and for platting the new city according to the survey of Theodoric Bland.
The new capital rapidly attained the size and appearance it presents today. Alexander Spotswood, who arrived in Virginia as lieutenant governor in 1710, had several ravines filled and the streets leveled, and assisted in erecting college buildings, a church, and a magazine for the storage of arms. He was patron of one of the earliest theaters in America, built in 1716 by William Levingston, who brought musicians and actors from England to perform 'comedies, drolls, and other kinds of stage plays.' The theater was conducted by Charles Stagg and his wife Mary, America's first 'leading lady.' The first successful printing press in Virginia was set up at Williamsburg in 1730 by William Parks, who founded the colony's first newspaper six years later and Virginia's first paper mill about 1744.
Incorporated in 1722, Williamsburg became the political and educational center of Virginia and the scene of the most 'fashionable' social life in Colonial America. During legislative sessions substantial planters emerged from rural isolation to occupy 'town houses,' comfortable rooms at inn or tavern, or to lodge with friends. Sycophants and adventurers swelled the throng. English visitors testified that balls, races, fairs, and other entertainment composed a 'season' not greatly inferior to London's in amusement and elegance.
The tranquillity of this scene was broken in 1765 when Patrick Henry, undeterred by cries of 'Treason!' incited the burgesses to pass resolutions against the Stamp Act. Here in 1773 were developed the intercolonial activities of a committee of correspondence that grew out of the standing committee originated in 1759 to communicate with the colony's London agents. The house of burgesses, meeting in Williamsburg in 1774, called the First Continental Congress. The First Virginia Convention, indirectly resulting from closure of the port of Boston, met at Williamsburg in the summer of 1774 to elect delegates to a general Colonial congress. Fear of Lord Dunmore and of a British man-of-war near by in the York River caused the next three conventions to meet in Richmond. The fifth and most noted Virginia Convention met in Williamsburg on May 6, 1776, and began the open move toward American freedom by declaring Virginia an independent commonwealth and by instructing the Virginia delegates to the Second Continental Congress to propose American independence.
Williamsburg began to decline when the capital was moved to Richmond in 1780 to escape the invading British. In 1781, before and during the Siege of Yorktown, Williamsburg was headquarters first of the British and then of the Continental and French forces. From the capitulation of Cornwallis in October until the following summer the French army was quartered near by. Though these closing events of the war temporarily animated Williamsburg, the population dwindled from more than 2,000 in 1779 to about 1,200 in 1795, and in 1804 the former capital was described as very 'decayed.' Between 1770 and 1790 the Reverend Mr. Moses, who seems to have been the first Negro preacher in Virginia, had organized the Williamsburg Baptist Church, undaunted by opposition that was at times physical. The church, its membership recruited almost entirely from the city's Negroes, survived under the Reverend Gowan Pamphlet and other Moses proteges.
Except for brief revivals brought about by two wars, Williamsburg dozed for a century and a half as shopping center for the surrounding country. Many residents owned small farms near by and managed to live with a minimum of enterprise. The Battle of Williamsburg took place on May 5, 1862, when a Union corps engaged Confederates retreating from Yorktown toward Richmond. The city suffered at the hands of the Union troops, and reached the nadir of its fortunes when the College of William and Mary was closed in 1881. After 1889, when the college reopened, a slow recovery began and continued until the little community was aroused suddenly in 1917 by the location on its outskirts of a munitions factory with nearly 15,000 workers. Hastily constructed cheap buildings disfigured the Colonial city.
In its newborn ugliness Williamsburg dozed again. In 1926 John D. Rockefeller, Jr., came to Williamsburg at the invitation of Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin, who had been responsible for the restoration of Bruton Paris[h] Church, of which he was rector, and of the Wythe House. Mr. Rockefeller was enthusiastic over Dr. Goodwin's plan for restoring the city to its eighteenth-century appearance. On Mr. Rockefeller's authorization most of the property in the Colonial area was acquired by Colonial Williamsburg, Inc., and within a decade most of the research and restoration was completed. Research covered Colonial documents and records in libraries, museums, and family archives in America, England, and France. Buildings totaling 459 were torn down, 91 of the Colonial period rebuilt, 67 restored, and a new shopping center in Colonial style was provided. Six new houses were built in the Negro section in 1929. Negroes, 23 per cent of the local population, whose ancestors raised the Colonial structures, are chiefly employed as domestics or as costumed attendants at Colonial buildings.
Nearly 200,000 tourists come annually to Williamsburg and the little city has a rapidly widening influence throughout America. The eighteenth century as mirrored in Williamsburg inspires styles of dress, furniture, interior decorations, and domestic architecture.
(Numbers identify each point of interest on the accompanying map and on the pictorial map supplied free by the Restoration. Points of interest treated here are given the numbers used in Williamsburg Restoration literature. At the Information Office in the Craft House (73) where maps are obtainable, combination tickets are sold for $1.50 each, $0.75 for children under 16, providing admission to all exhibition buildings of Colonial Williamsburg, Inc.: The Capitol, Public Gaol, Raleigh Tavern, Ludwell-Paradise House, and Governor's Palace.)
The COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY, the second oldest college in America, was the first to establish an honor system, an elective system of studies, schools of law and modern languages, and second to establish a school of medicine-all in 1779. The Phi Beta Kappa Society was founded here December 5, 1776.
The three original buildings of the college are set in the fenced and elm-shaded triangle formed by the convergence of Jamestown Road and Richmond Road. Grouped behind them in adequate harmony are the many new buildings constructed since 1919.
'Their Majesties Royal College of William and Mary, in Virginia,' established by charter from King William and Queen Mary in 1693, revived the 'University of Henrico,' which had been chartered in 1618 but given up after the Massacre of 1622. The college opened in temporary buildings in 1694. It was given a seat in the house of burgesses and was supported by taxation of a penny per pound on tobacco exported from Maryland and Virginia, quitrents in Virginia, 20,000 acres (for which the college still pays two copies of Latin verse yearly as rent to the governor), L3,000 pledged by London merchants, and L300 donated by several pirates who had been pardoned through intercession by Commissary James Blair. In 1694 it received from the College of Heralds the only coat of arms ever granted an American college. Three Presidents of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler, were educated here; three signers, besides the author, of the Declaration of Independence, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, Jr., and George Wythe; and many other distinguished Revolutionary patriots, including Richard Bland, Peyton Randolph, John Blair, and Edmund Randolph. George Washington became chancellor in 1788. The first recorded college club, the Flat Hat, was organized here in 1750; and in 1770 the first collegiate prizes in America were awarded, when Lord Botetourt presented gold medals. In 1784 the first course in political economy in America was established, and in 1803 the first school of history.
After the beginning of the nineteenth century the college was gradually eclipsed by the University of Virginia. It was suspended from 1861 to 1865, closed in 1881, and reopened in 1889. In 1906 the property was deeded to the State. Women, now more than half the student body, were admitted in 1918. The next year a program of rapid expansion gave new life to the old college. Enrollment in 1937-38 was 1,299.
1. The WREN BUILDING (open 9-5 daily) is the oldest academic building in America and the only structure in America designed by Wren. Though 'first modelled by Sir Christopher Wren,' it was 'adapted to the Nature of the Country by the Gentlemen there,' and has the simple solidity typical of American building in the early eighteenth century, when nice spacing and proportion of windows were the chief external ornament. The sandy pink brick of the long rectangular mass is set in courses of Flemish and English bond. A steep hip roof above two full stories is pierced by 12 dormers and surmounted by a plain cupola between two huge chimneys near the ends.
The foundation was laid in 1695, and the building was so far advanced by 1699 that the general assembly could meet in the great hall while the capitol was being built. In 1781 the structure was used as the main hospital for the French army. Although it was burned in 1705, 1859, 1862, and rebuilt each time, the original walls were still standing when restoration was undertaken in 1928. An illustrative copperplate in the Bodleian Library and a plan drawing by Jefferson have made it possible to retain the old walls and to approximate the appearance of the building in 1705. A portrait of Robert Boyle in black gown, painted about 1689 by Friedrich Kerseboom, and a faded one of James Blair, first president, by Charles Bridges, hang among others in the wide, paneled Blue Room, where officers of the college have always met.
In the south wing is the Chapel, built by 'overseer' Henry Cary, Jr., in 1729-32. Its high-paneled interior is richly restored in late Jacobean style. Among those buried beneath its floor are Governor Botetourt, Sir John Randolph, Peyton Randolph, John Randolph 'the Tory,' and Bishop James Madison, cousin of the fourth President of the United States and president of the college from 1777 to 1812.
1A. The COLLEGE LIBRARY (open 8:30-1, 2-6, 7-midnight daily), formerly housed in the Wren Building occupies a plain pink brick building in Georgian Colonial style. This was erected in part in 1908 with funds from Andrew Carnegie and other friends of the college and subsequently enlarged twice. The library contains 125,000 volumes, including a large collection of rare books and about 250,000 manuscripts, largely Virginiana.
Among more than 200 paintings in the library are portraits of John Page (1627-92) by Sir Peter Lely; of several Lewis family members by John Wollaston; of Fielding Lewis Taylor by William J. Hubard; and a St. Memin engraving of St. George Tucker. There is a mezzotint said to have been done from an original painting of General George Washington by 'Alexander Campbell of Williamsburg,' got up hastily in London to satisfy curiosity about the American rebel leader and published in 1775. The 'Frenchman's Map,' dated 1782, has been useful in restoration work by showing the location of every house then standing.
2. The BRAFFERTON BUILDING (open school hours), with two stories of pink brick and a half-story beneath the tall hip roof, was built in 1723, possibly under the direction of Henry Cary, Jr., to house the first permanent Indian school in the colonies. Five semicircular steps approach the plain central door beneath a small pediment. By 1712 20 Indians were assembled in the school established on the income from part of a L4,000 fund left for 'pious and charitable' uses by Robert Boyle, English scientist and seventh son of the Earl of Cork. Governor Spotswood's Indian School was moved here from Fort Christanna about 1722. The building was named after the English manor in which the fund was invested. Never very successful, the school was closed when the Revolution began, and the income was diverted to the West Indies for Negro education. Although of the three original buildings it is the only one that was never burned, it had been stripped of interior woodwork long before it was fully restored in 1932. The alumni office and information bureau are in the rebuilt KITCHEN close by.
3. The STATUE OF LORD BOTETOURT, in front of the Wren Building, is a life-size white marble figure of Virginia's royal governor. Hatless but bewigged and protected by flowing baronial robes and a fur muff, the noble lord holds an easy stance upon a baroque pedestal. Commissioned by the general assembly, Richard Hayward of London executed the figure in 1773. It stood originally in the piazza of the capitol and was moved here in 1801. The Right Honorable Norborne Berkeley, Baron de Botetourt (pronounced Botytot in Virginia) came to Virginia in 1768 and died in 1770, mourned as 'best of governors and best of men.' The statue was cleaned twice a year by order of the assembly, even during the Revolution, and escaped all but slight damage when once overturned by hoodlums.
4. The PRESIDENT'S HOUSE (private), built in 1732 under the direction of Henry Cary, Jr., is similar to the Brafferton Building but somewhat larger. Its central door is approached by a flight of square stone steps. James Blair, first president, lived here for ten years before his death in 1743. He was largely responsible for the establishment of the college, having suggested it to the assembly, which sent him to England in 1691 to interest Their Majesties in the proposal. He brought back the charter, royal and private endowments, and Wren's design for the main building. The 20 presidents of the college have lived here. This building was the headquarters of Cornwallis for ten days prior to the Battle of Green Spring and of the French surgeon general during the Siege of Yorktown. It was then accidentally burned but was repaired at the expense of Louis XVI. In 1931 it was restored. Among portraits of Colonial Virginians that hang within are several of the Page family by John Wollaston.
15. The PUBLIC MAGAZINE (open 10-5 daily; adm. $0.25, children $0.10), lately called 'Powder Horn,' stands in the southern part of Market Square. The octagonal building, with brick walls two feet thick, has a peaked roof and an encircling wall ten feet high. It was built in 1715-16 under the 'overseership' of John Tyler and the supervision of Governor Spotswood to store 'all Arms, Gun-Powder, and Ammunition, now in the Colony, belonging to the King.' The protecting wall, recently restored, was built in 1755 during the alarms of the French and Indian War, and was pulled down in 1855. Early on the morning of April 20, 1775, Governor Dunmore removed powder stored here, precipitating the outbreak of revolution in Virginia. Patrick Henry, leading Hanover County troops, compelled payment of twice the powder's equivalent in sterling.
19. The BLAND-WETHERBURN HOUSE, an unrestored frame building, is still used as an inn. Almost certainly the birthplace in 1710 of Richard Bland, 'Great Virginia Patriot' and statesman, this house, genuinely ancient-looking in spite of a Victorian porch, was sold by Bland's father about 1716 and became a tavern. In 1738 Henry Wetherburn, formerly of the Raleigh, bought this tavern and, until his death in I 760, ran it along with three others acquired by marriage to their keepers' widows. Thus one of the earliest 'hotel chains' was established. Wetherburn enlarged the building and named the rooms, but his 'Arrack punch' glorified the establishment. For a single 'biggest bowl' of it Peter Jefferson acquired 400 acres of land in Albemarle (then Goochland) County from William Randolph of Tuckahoe.
23. The COLONIAL CAPITOL (open 10-6 daily summer, 10-5 winter; adm. $0.75), a pink brick building within a brick-walled yard, is a reconstruction of the first capitol and is built on the original foundations of the 'best and most commodious pile' in Colonial America. It is H-shaped, composed of two parallel units with two-story semicircular bays at the southern ends and a connecting gallery over an arcaded piazza. The gallery roof is surmounted by a slender white cupola bearing the arms of Queen Anne, in whose reign the building was erected, and a clock and the Union Jack high above. The legislative chambers are accurately refurnished according to ample records. The house of burgesses and the office of the clerk of the house are on the first floor of the east wing. Occupying similar positions in the west wing are the general court and the office of the secretary of state. The original speaker's chair in the house of burgesses, with its graceful cabriole legs and high paneled and pedimented back, is centered against the wainscoted wall of a circular platform at the end of the room and is effectively silhouetted against a large bull's-eye window.
Here Bob Cooley, Negro custodian of the capitol during the Revolutionary period, would dust off a chair for each entering statesman 'with the solemn aspect of the dignitary who sat in it.' In the office of the clerk of the house hangs a full-length portrait of Washington by Charles Willson Peale, a replica of one in Philadelphia. On the second floor are council and committee rooms. The Council Chamber in the south bay of the west wing is a stately oval room above the general court, decorated in Palladian style with 14 Jacobean chairs around the green baize-covered table; here hangs a good portrait of Queen Anne after the school of Kneller. The gallery over the lower central arcade was used as a conference room where councilors and burgesses met together. Among other portraits in the capitol are those of Queen Mary by Sir Godfrey Kneller; of William III by Sir Peter Lely; and of Queen Elizabeth, full length, by Marc Gheerardts.
The original building, erected under the 'overseer-ship' of Henry Cary between 1701 and 1705, was burned in 1747 and rebuilt in 1751-53. The second building, which had a western portico admired by Jefferson, was burned in 1832. Restoration began in 1929.
The general assembly met here from 1704 until 1779, having used the Wren Building of the college during the five previous years. Many important events of the Revolutionary period took place here. On December 24, 1779, the assembly met here for the last time before its removal to Richmond.
On the eastern side of the capitol is the SITE OF THE OLD EXCHANGE, an open space that served as official trading center of the colony.
24. Near by on the west is the PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE, a brick building under reconstruction (1939). It was erected about 1751 for the 'preservation of the Public Records and papers of the colony' after the capitol had burned. Once popularly known as the 'Secretary's office,' it is the only building still standing that was used by the Colonial government for administrative purposes.
27. RALEIGH TAVERN (open 10-6 daily summer, 10-5 winter; adm. $0.50), an L-shaped white weatherboard building with 18 dormer windows, has been completely reconstructed on its original foundation. A bust of Sir Walter Raleigh is above the door. The interior is faithfully furnished in late eighteenth-century style. The rear wing is a modern kitchen. Built sometime before 1742, the tavern was once owned by John Blair; its first known keeper was Henry Wetherburn.
In 1769 the Raleigh began its career as a center of sedition when the burgesses, dissolved because of resolutions against the British Revenue Act, convened in the Apollo Room as the 'late representatives of the people' and adopted the Non-Importation Agreement. Hilaritas sapientiae et bonae vitae proles (jollity is the offspring of wisdom and good living) is the motto over the mantel. This room was the frequent rendezvous of Jefferson, Henry, and other Revolutionary patriots. They met here in 1773 to develop intercolonial committees of correspondence. Dissolved by Dunmore, the burgesses met again in the Apollo Room in May 1774. The tavern was an institution. Auctions as well as balls were held under the Raleigh's aegis. La Fayette was entertained at a banquet here in 1824, and the building was still used as a tavern until it burned in 1859. Portraits of La Fayette by Samuel Lovett Waldo and of Henry St.George Tucker by W.J.Hubard hang here.
32. DR.BLAIR'S APOTHECARY SHOP (open 9-5 weekdays) is one of the earliest drug stores in America. This small brick building, once called the 'Unicorn's Horn,' was erected early in the eighteenth century by Archibald Blair. Its swag roof, gabled with a 'kick out,' is not unusual in Tidewater Virginia. Prentis & Company, occupants at the time of the Revolution, were consignees of the shipment of tea that a 'Yorktown Tea Party' threw into the river from a British ship in 1774.
33. The LUDWELL-PARADISE HOUSE (open 10-6 daily summer, 10-5 winter; adm. $0.25) is a rectangular brick building erected about 1717 by Philip Ludwell II, stepson and heir of Sir William Berkeley's widow. The architecture of this typical early Georgian Colonial house is notable for the pleasing arrangement of the 18-pane windows and the basketweave effect of its Flemish bond brick, accented with glazed headers. The compact low hip-roof building has a fine denticulated cornice. A lean-to at the back provides additional space. The white frame kitchen, the cover of the well, and the brick stables at the end of the long narrow garden have all been reconstructed from their foundations. The Ludwells, who probably used this town house during the legislative season, were wealthy planters. Eccentric Lucy Ludwell Paradise, daughter of Philip Ludwell and widow of John Paradise, a scholarly Londoner who was a friend of Dr. Johnson, returned in 1805 to live here until she was confined in the asylum. She horrified London society by pouring hot tea on a gentleman who displeased her, and it is said that in this house she received visitors in her coach, which was rolled back and forth in the hall. Well preserved, the house needed slight repair by the Restoration.
34. The OLD COURTHOUSE (open 9-9 daily), on Courthouse Green, is a well-proportioned T-shaped one-story brick building with a cupola. The entrance is protected by a cantilevered, gabled hood. It was erected in 1770 to serve as hustings court of the city and courthouse for James City County, in which only half of Williamsburg originally lay. The building now houses the WILLIAMSBURG RESTORATION ARCHEOLOGICAL EXHIBIT, a collection of objects recovered during excavation of building sites, a series of photographs showing progressive stages of restoration, and the eighteenth-century Bodleian copperplate of Williamsburg's public buildings.
37. BRUTON PARISH CHURCH (open 9-12, 1-5 daily), apparently the oldest Episcopal church of uninterrupted use in America, is a mellow red brick building of early Virginia Colonial design. Tall white-shuttered windows, well proportioned and nicely spaced, run along the sides and east end. Above the cornice of the square tower at the west end rises a two-tiered octagonal steeple. Within is the spacious box pew of the Colonial governor, sheltered by an elegant canopy and bearing the royal insignia.
Bruton Parish was created in 1674 through the union of two earlier parishes. A new church on land donated by Colonel John Page, ordered built in 1679 and completed in 1683, was inadequate for the fashionable crowds after Williamsburg became the capital. Governor Spotswood drew the plans and supervised construction of the present structure, which was built in 1710-15. The tower was not constructed, it seems, until 1769. The interior was altered in 1838-40 but restored in 1905-07 under supervision of the rector, Dr. Goodwin. Beneath the aisles and in the yard are buried many distinguished Virginians, including Governor Edward Nott, Lieutenant Governor Francis Fauquier, Judge John Blair, and three secretaries of state. The church preserves a seventeenth-century marble font from Jamestown, Bibles, and three communion services. A silver flagon, dated 1756, chalice dated 1764, and alms basin are supposed to have been given to Bruton Parish by Governor Fauquier between 1759 and 1768. The silver service presented by Lady Rebecca (Staunton) Gooch to the college is kept here. The cup has the hallmark of London's Peter Maraden, and the plate is dated 1737. The third service preserved here is the chalice, paten, and basin given by Acting-Governor Francis Moryson in 1661-62, 'For the use of James City Parish Church.'
39. The JOHN BLAIR HOUSE (private), a snug story-and-a-half frame house with a chimney set in the middle of the roof and five dormers unevenly spaced, was built about 1747 by John Blair, Sr., enlarged later to accommodate two families, and recently restored. John Blair, Sr., twice acting-governor, was a merchant and father of John Blair, Jr., ardent supporter of the cause of independence and a signer of the Non-Importation Agreement in 1769. He served as a judge and chief justice of the general court and as judge of the Virginia high court of chancery. He was grand master of the first Grand Lodge of Masons in Virginia, organized in 1778. Chancellor Blair was one of the Virginia delegates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and a signer of the Constitution. Washington appointed him in 1789 a justice of the United States Supreme Court, from which he resigned in 1796. John Marshall probably lived in this house while studying law with George Wythe.
43A. The MATTHEW WHALEY SCHOOL (open school hours), N. end Nassau St., only public school for white children in Williamsburg, is a large, well-equipped brick building of simple design, completed in 1931. Its name revives that of the school founded in 1706 for the poor of Bruton Parish by Mary Whaley and provided with L50 by her will in 1742, to 'eternalize the name of Matty's School by Matty's name forever.' Matty died in 1705, aged nine. The original 'Matty's Free School' occupied three frame buildings just outside town and continued 'the teaching of the neediest children of the Parish of Bruton in the art of reading, writing, and arithmetic' probably until the Revolution, but without benefit of the legacy. Payment was refused by Mrs. Whaley's executor, and the suit dragged on for more than 120 years. In 1866 the College of William and Mary, as new trustees, received $8,470 and the following year opened the 'Grammar and Matty School' in Brafferton Hall.
45. The WYTHE HOUSE (open 9-1, 2-5 weekdays, 2-5 Sun.; adm. $0.25), a rectangular brick mansion, has two built-in chimneys and a hip roof. The simplicity and disposition of the windows is unusually satisfying. Richard Taliaferro, 'one of our most skillful architects,' built the house in 1755 and left it in 1775 to his son-in-law, George Wythe. Admitted to the bar at 20, Wythe was the first professor of law in America, the teacher of Thomas Jefferson, John Marshall, James Monroe, and Henry Clay; the first Virginia signer of the Declaration of Independence; chairman of the committee that designed the seal of Virginia; delegate to the Constitutional Convention, although absent when the Constitution was signed; and chancellor of Virginia from 1778 to 1801. In his opinion on the case of Commonwealth v. Caton, 1782, Wythe established himself as one of the first formulators of the American theory of judicial review: 'If the whole legislature . . . should attempt to overleap the bounds . . . I, in administering the public justice of the country, will meet the united powers at my seat in this tribunal; and pointing to the Constitution, will say to them, Here is the limit of your authority; and hither shall you go but no further.' He died in 1806 from poison administered by a nephew-an impatient heir-and is buried in St. John's Churchyard, Richmond.
The house was Washington's headquarters before the Siege of Yorktown and Rochambeau's afterward. Restored under the supervision of the Reverend Dr. William Goodwin, it was deeded in 1931 to Bruton Parish and used as a parish house until 1937. Here hangs the only known portrait of George Wytbe, copied from a lost original.
47. The GOVERNOR'S PALACE (open 10-6 daily summer,10-5 winter; adm. $1) is an authentic reconstruction of the brick house erected as a residence for royal governors soon after Williamsburg became the capital. A wide green flanked by a double driveway leads to the palace and its dependencies. At the end of the green the driveway turns in a loop before a fine iron-grilled gate. This stately entrance, topped with an elaborately scrolled heading and flanked by the British lion and unicorn, leads into a formally landscaped forecourt enclosed by the palace building, two dormered flankers, and a curving brick wall at the front.
The palace rises two full stories to a denticulated cornice beneath a steep and many-dormered hip roof, surmounted by a balustraded platform and a tall lantern cupola rising in two octagonal stages between multiple chimneys. The design of the five-bay facade is in keeping with the earliest phase of the Georgian style-narrow many-paned sash windows with wide architraves set almost flush with the brick openings, a simple square-transomed doorway beneath a centered wrought-iron balcony, and a brick string course between the first and second stories. The plan of the main block was originally square, but in 1751 it was extended by the addition of a 'ball-room' wing at the rear. In the gable end of this wing the royal arms of the first Georges, wood-carved and gaily painted, overlook the palace gardens.
About a reconstructed KITCHEN and SCULLERY, close to the west side, cluster small brick outbuildings-smokehouse, laundry, dairy; and there are still others on the east side. The huge formal gardens, roughly square in total plan, embrace a CANAL and FISH POND along the western edge. There are ten separate gardens including box, fruit, and kitchen gardens, a maze, and a bowling green-all completely restored, their rectangular forms thickly set in eighteenth-century fashion with trim hedges and walks in intricate geometrical patterns.
The interior is notable for its fine woodwork. The wide entrance hall, most of the passages, and several smaller rooms are fully paneled. In other rooms the wall surfaces and some of the woodwork have been painted in the original soft shades of gray-green, yellow, and blue. The walls of the library, directly above the entrance hall, are covered with antique Spanish tooled leather. Furnishings and interior decoration, chiefly in mid-eighteenth-century style, have been restored in lavish detail. As mentioned by Lord Botetourt, coronation portraits of George III and Queen Charlotte, by the court painter Allan Ramsay, hang against the pale blue walls of the large and stately ballroom, flanking the door to the music room. Among other portraits in the palace are those of the Honorable Mary Howard, by Sir Peter Lely; of Charles II and Catherine of Braganza, after the school of Lely; and of Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria, by Van Dyck.
The construction of this haven for 'exiled' royal lieutenants was begun in 1705 under Henry Cary. The bulk of the work was accomplished under the direction of Governor Spotswood, and the building was completed by 1720. The palace was the hub of Virginia social life-convivial symbol of royal prestige and fount of royal authority until 1775. Governor Fauquier held intellectual bachelor dinners with Dr. William Small, George Wythe, and Thomas Jefferson. Here Sy Gilliat, slave violinist to Governor Botetourt, played for entertainments. Possessed of 50 suits, Gilliat usually wore a 'powdered brown wig, with side curls and a long cue,' and 'His manners were as courtly as his dress.' The building burned in 1781, while in use as a hospital for American soldiers wounded at Yorktown. Two smaller structures facing the forecourt were torn down in 1863.
The entire establishment and extensive gardens have been reconstructed since 1930 upon their excavated foundations according to a plan drawn by Jefferson; an illustration of the buildings as they appeared between 1732 and 1747, which was found on a copperplate in the Bodleian Library at Oxford; and almost 300 pages of source material. Minute inventories taken by three governors and many contemporary descriptions have made possible accurate restoration and refurnishing.
51. The ST.GEORGE TUCKER HOUSE (private), though large and built in the Early Republican period, has the simplicity of an earlier day. From the central portion the white clapboard structure rambles pleasantly beneath dormered gable roofs at descending levels. The restored kitchen, with its massive chimney at the western end, is again in use. St.George Tucker, a native of Bermuda, bought the property from Edmund Randolph in 1788 and enlarged the house to its present size. Tucker, successor to George Wythe as professor of law at the College of William and Mary, wrote the Annotated Edition of Blackstone's Commentaries (1804), first American text on law.
53. SIR JOHN AND PEYTON RANDOLPH HOUSE (adm. by arrangement) is a long rectangular frame dwelling erected about 1715. Built as two dwellings, the house was bought in 1724 by Sir John Randolph, whose 'person,' according to The Virginia Gazette, was 'of the finest turn imaginable.' Sir John was an enlightened economist whose services as Virginia's representative in London ushered in the colony's greatest period of prosperity. His mission in 1729 resulted in a loosening of restrictions on colonial trade, and led, through passage of Virginia's tobacco inspection law in 1730, to the vast expansion of tobacco trade during the next half century. On his trip in 1732 to present 'The Case of the Planters of Tobacco in Virginia' he played an important part in the controversy over Sir Robert Walpole's tobacco excise bill. His grasp of the theory and advantages of excise taxation so impressed Walpole that he was knighted-the only native Virginian ever so honored-by George II, then under Walpole's thumb. He was the first to report legal cases in Virginia and collected papers used later by William Stith, his nephew, as sources for the first comprehensive Virginia history.
Sir John's son, Peyton Randolph, who inherited the home, was chairman of the first three Virginia conventions and first president of the First Continental Congress. His service in the cause of revolution ended by his death in 1775. The generals, Rochambeau and La Fayette, had headquarters here before the Siege of Yorktown. Mrs. Mary Monroe Peachy, owner of the house in 1824, entertained La Fayette. 'When he left the tavern nearly all the company followed him to his quarters at Mrs. Peachy's where a number of ladies assembled to see him.'
56. The PUBLIC GAOL (open10-6 daily summer, 10-5 winter; adm. $0.50), an irregular red brick building, restored to its appearance in 1773 for exhibition only, was Virginia's first 'penitentiary.' Its thick walls, partly original, with small barred windows-unglassed during the eighteenth century-extend around a narrow exercise yard. The cells, behind stout nail-studded doors, were formerly crowded with prisoners who suffered sometimes fatally from winter cold. Early in the eighteenth century the gaol was called a 'strong, sweet prison for criminals'-far too 'sweet' in 1718 for nine of Blackbeard's pirates, whose term ended on what was afterwards known as Gallows' Road. In front of the building stand reproductions of the original pillory and stocks. Built simultaneously with the capitol and enlarged several times, the public gaol, where important political prisoners were held during the Revolution, served the colony as general prison until 1779, when it became the city jail.
57. The COKE-GARRETT HOUSE (private) is a rambling white frame building 90 feet long in landscaped grounds including a large wheel-shaped rose garden. The severe porch on the center section is supported by five square, fluted columns. The oldest part, the west wing, built before 1750, has a fine Chinese Chippendale staircase. John Coke, a goldsmith, owned the house from about 1750 until his death in 1767, when it was inherited by his son Robey. Shortly after the Revolution it passed to the Garrett family.
61. BASSETT HALL (private), approached by an avenue of fine old elms, is a white frame building in Georgian Colonial style; its attractive outbuildings, partly original, stand in an extensive garden. Built before 1753, Bassett Hall was owned until 1800 by Colonel Philip Johnson, a burgess, who sometimes let it as a tavern. He sold it to Burwell Bassett, a nephew of Martha Washington. It is said that here the Irish poet, Thomas Moore, wrote 'To the Firefly,' after seeing lightning bugs for the first time. Thought until recently to have been owned by President John Tyler, the house actually belonged to Abel P. Upshur, a member of his cabinet. Damaged by fire in 1930, the restored hall is now the Williamsburg home of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
64. The SEMPLE HOUSE (private), fully restored, a dignified white frame building in early Federal style, shows the restraining influence of the Adam mode. The two-story central portion with an unusually high ceiling presents its gable to the street and opens on probably the finest porch in Williamsburg-small, gabled, and supported by two slender Doric columns. The home of two judges of the general court-James Semple, professor of law at the College of William and Mary, and John B. Christian-and perhaps of a third, Hugh Nelson, it was long identified as the home of Peyton Randolph until his will, discovered in 1911, was later consulted, locating his house on Nicholson Street.
80. TAZEWELL HALL (private), a large, unrestored, unpainted frame house with a shallow double porch, was built about 1760 across the end of England Street by John Randolph, last royal attorney general for the Virginia colony, and shifted to its present site about 1918. A staunch loyalist, Tory John Randolph's sympathies were quite unlike those of his brother, Peyton, and of his son, Edmund, who became the first Attorney General of the United States and then Secretary of State. At the beginning of the Revolution John moved to England, where he died impoverished and longing for Virginia. This lavish establishment was the main dwelling on a 1,500-acre plantation. Tory John took pride in the extensive gardens and wrote a Treatise on Gardening. The house was bought by justice John Tazewell in 1778.
81. The small brick structure in the exercise yard of the Eastern State Hospital was the KITCHEN OF THE OLD CUSTIS HOUSE, built about 1714. Daniel Parke Custis, Martha Washington's first husband, lived here for many years.
81A. EASTERN STATE HOSPITAL (adm. by arrangement), S. side Francis St., occupying a group of stone and brick buildings on 800-acre grounds, is the oldest public asylum for the insane in America. Originally called the Lunatic Hospital and known as 'Mad House' or 'Bedlam,' it was chartered in 1768 and opened in 1773. James Galt, whose family managed the asylum through four generations, was the first superintendent. This hospital, the first to relinquish the idea that a lunatic asylum is a place of horror, is the first of its kind to care for Negro insane. Free Negroes were taken in from the beginning, and slaves after 1846, but Negroes have had separate quarters since 1850. The original buildings burned long ago. The institution (1939) cares for more than 1,600 patients.
Yorktown, 13 m. (see Tour 6b). Carter's Grove, 6.3 m. (see Tour 8a). Jamestown, 6.7 m. (see Tour 8a). Green Spring, 6.5 m. (see Tour 24).


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TALLAHASSEE, Fla. — Florida's House of Representatives and Senate each presented proclamations today, citing Feb. 14 as "Florida Golf Day," which recognizes the importance of the golf industry within the Sunshine State.
State Sen. Michael S. "Mike" Bennett (R), sponsoring the Senate Resolution, acknowledged that "the golfing industry makes enormous contributions to our state and impacts jobs, commerce, economic development, and tax revenues for a large number of Florida's communities and industries."
Annually, the size of Florida's direct golf economy is approximately $7.5 billion (data based on 2007 study by SRI International). Golf brings visitors to the state, spurs new residential construction, generates retail sales and creates demand for a myriad of goods and services. When the total economic impact of these golf-related activities is considered, Florida's golf industry in 2007 generated approximately:
– $13.8 billion of direct, indirect and induced economic output
– 4.7 billion of wage income
– More than 167,000 jobs
"Golf has a dramatic impact on our State," said Florida Governor Rick Scott. "Florida is the 1 golfing destination in the world, everything that we are doing to draw people and promote our state involves golf."
The 2012 Florida Golf Day featured attendees from the Florida Golf Impact Task Force including: The PGA of America, PGA TOUR, LPGA, USGA, Club Managers Association of America, National Golf Course Owners Association, Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, World Golf Hall of Fame, World Golf Foundation, The First Tee, Florida Golf Course Superintendents Association, Florida Turfgrass Association, Florida Chapter of Club Managers Association of America, North Florida PGA Section, South Florida PGA Section, Florida State University's PGA Golf Management University Program, Florida Junior Golf Council and Golf Channel.
An interactive swing zone was set up at Waller Park, on the west side of the Capitol, featuring North Florida PGA Professionals and David Leadbetter, a renowned PGA Professional and coach to several prominent PGA, European, LPGA and Champions Tour players. Throughout the day, members of the golf industry met with key legislators, state agency heads and members of the Governor's Office to stress the importance of golf in Florida.
"With more than 1,100 golf facilities in Florida, there are 167,000 people who are employed because of the golf industry in the state," said PGA Chief Executive Officer Joe Steranka. "Golf is enjoyed by millions who visit the wonderful courses throughout Florida, as well as those of us who live here. It's a great game, and we also want elected officials and agency personnel in Florida – whether they're making the decisions on legislation or writing a law for this country – to recognize that we have a very good economic model for those whose livelihoods depend on golf."
Florida Golf Economic Highlights (based on 2007 SRI Study):
Golf Facility Operations
In 2007, more than $3.4 billion in revenue was generated among Florida's:
– 1,128 golf courses
– 75 stand-alone ranges
– 84 miniature golf facilities
This level of revenue is comparable to the revenues of all other major spectator sports in the state combined—football, baseball, basketball, hockey, auto racing and soccer.
Major Tournaments and Associations
Florida is home to the:
– PGA TOUR, in Ponte Vedra Beach
– LPGA, in Daytona Beach
– The PGA of America, in Palm Beach Gardens
– The First Tee, World Golf Hall of Fame and World Golf Foundation, all in St. Augustine.
In 2012, Florida will host multiple professional golf championships, including six PGA TOUR events featuring THE PLAYERS Championship and World Golf Championships-Cadillac Championship; as well as three Champions Tour events; two Nationwide Tour events; and one LPGA Tour event.
Enabled Industries
Hospitality/Tourism: In 2007, SRI estimates golf-related tourism spending in Florida was $1.71 billion ($1.57 billion from domestic visitors; and $0.14 billion from international visitors). This is based on the following golf-trip and associated-expenditure data for Florida residents and non-residents:
– An estimated 2.03 million day trips—with average spending of $62 per day
– An estimated 3.17 million domestic overnight trips—with average spending of $454 per trip
– An estimated 0.29 million international overnight trips—with average spending of $476 per trip.
– The average length of a domestic overnight trip in Florida is more than five days, significantly longer than other states.
Florida Golf Gives Back
Numerous charitable events are hosted on Florida's golf courses each year, benefiting organizations such as the: Miami Children's Hospital; First Tee Miami; Make-A-Wish Foundation; Baptist Children's Hospital; Children's Miracle Network Hospitals; Nicklaus Children's Health Care Foundation; The First Tee National School Program; Boy Scouts of America; American Red Cross; Alzheimer's Support Network; and Big Brothers/Big Sisters of Southwest Florida.
The total amount of charitable giving attributed to the game of golf in Florida surpassed $300 million in 2007.
About WE ARE GOLF
Led by the Club Managers Association of America, the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, the National Golf Course Owners Association, The PGA of America and the World Golf Foundation, WE ARE GOLF is a coalition formed to tell the true story of golf. Not just the game, but the stories of the hardworking men and women who make it the greatest sport in the world and whose livelihoods depend on it. It is these accounts that affirm the continued health and growth of the golf industry is vital to thousands of communities across the country and instrumental in enhancing the lives of millions of Americans. By showcasing golf's diverse businesses and their employees, the tax revenues it creates, the tourism it spawns, the charity it generates, and the environmental benefits it provides, WE ARE GOLF is leveling the playing field for the thousands of small businesses that make up the industry and depend on the sport for their success.
Please visit WeAreGolf.org for more information.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Are you ready to take the first step toward your future? Starting college is a big step and we are here to help you every step of the way. Students of all ages, backgrounds, and academic abilities are welcome at Rhodes State and we have education options that will meet your needs. If you want a certificate, an associate's degree, or an advanced degree from another college or university, Rhodes State is a smart higher education option. Take time to explore our website and learn more about Rhodes. You can schedule a campus tour including an information session with an admissions counselor. Visit us to see all Rhodes State has to offer.


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- Men
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Receive SF Cash worth Rs.150 on this product
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Nothing can be a better conversation starter than a pair of classy cufflinks on your wrist. And if the cufflink has a bold character like our Take a Bow Cufflink be sure you will be leaving a long lasting impression
Bro Code as the name suggests is a brand dedicated to making men's closets legendary. They specialise in formal accessories, just as Barney Stinson would have wanted. Having been featured in thebest fashion media kits, Bro Code includes bow ties, pocket squares, tie bars, lapel pins, suspenders, cufflinks, scarves, bracelets and so much more in their repertoire. Quirky and young, it will have you infusing an element of fun in your attire.
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Log In needed $35,999 · 2016 Ford Transit Wagon XLReport Ad
ModelTransit Wagon
Price: $35,999
Stock Number: 131414
Interior Colour: Black
Cylinders: 6 - Cyl
Fuel: Gasoline
Move people efficiently with this 2016 Ford Transit T-350 XL Medium Roof 15 passenger. Save money on fuel with its Gas 3.5L EcoBoost V6 engine, 148" wheelbase, sliding side door for easy entry, rearview camera, Bluetooth hands-free calling, rear heat and air conditioning, trailer tow package with integrated brake controller, Alberta CVIP commercial bus inspected, cruise control, power windows, power locks, keyless entry, heavy duty alternator, and has been certified to our high standards. Contact one of our commercial vehicle sales specialists in Calgary today and let DRIVING FORCE be your #1 full-size passenger and shuttle van dealer in Alberta.
DRIVING FORCE is committed to making your car, van, SUV, or truck-buying experience exceptional. We have a large selection of quality, fully reconditioned pre-owned inventory available for purchase. Many of these vehicles are lease returns or buy backs with factory warranty.
All prices include a CarProof report, lien check, 120-point vehicle inspection, complete mechanical fitness assessment, reports and summary of any repairs completed, commercial inspection (when required), two sets of keys, owner's manual and a full tank of fuel.
In addition to the balance of factory warranty, all our vehicles are DRIVING FORCE CERTIFIED. This insures that you receive the best quality and value for your dollar.
We offer a range of financing options, and we work directly with major banks to arrange both prime and non-prime solutions. Whether retail or commercial, we offer options that best fit your needs. All transactions are subject to approval. All trades are welcome.
DRIVING FORCE Vehicle Rentals, Sales Leasing is an AMVIC Licensed Company.
Ad #31354700
PostedFebruary 25, 2018
RenewedMay 01, 2018
ExpiryMay 31, 2018
DetailsCommercial Seller
CategoryAutos › Trucks › Vans
EditMy ad
SellerDRIVING FORCE Vehicle Rentals, Sales & Leasing - Calgary
PhoneNot available
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Beyond the signature kangaroo or koala, did you know that Australia is also home to a wide range of lesser-known and somewhat bizarre-looking species such as the spotted handfish or the southern hairy-nosed wombat? With astounding habitats including Barrow Island, the Great Barrier Reef, and the outback, we thought we would take the opportunity to highlight just some of the unique species found in this spectacular land!
Weedy wader
The leafy seadragon is endemic to Australia, meaning it is found nowhere else on Earth. Living in shallow coastal waters, these slow-moving creatures call underwater seagrass meadows home, blending in perfectly due to their leaf-like appendages.
King croc
The largest of all crocodilians, the saltwater crocodile roams both the land and sea. By using its powerful tail and webbed hind feet, this species is an effective aquatic predator. The saltwater crocodile feasts on large land animals such as wallabies, dingoes, and even humans!
The face of climate change
Found only in northern Australia, the lemuroid ringtail possum may become Australia's first victim of global climate change. Being unable to withstand temperatures over 86°F (30°C), this species is extremely vulnerable to heatwaves, which are expected to increase in frequency as the climate changes. In fact, a heatwave in 2005 was thought to have wiped out the entire population until a few individuals were finally discovered in 2009.
Misunderstood marsupial
Known for its frightening nocturnal screeches, the Tasmanian devil is the largest of the carnivorous marsupials. Contrary to its savage reputation, the Tasmanian devil is actually quite shy and is only aggressive when feeling threatened or when in competition with other devils.
Snack and swim
Strictly feeding on plants, the dugong is often referred to as the 'sea cow', but it is actually more closely related to elephants than cows! Found off the coast of northern Australia, the dugong uses its flexible upper lip to rip whole plants apart, leaving 'feeding trails' on the sea floor. What a messy eater!
Water-free wallaby
Found throughout Australia, the black-footed wallaby lives its life in groups of 10 to 100 individuals. Found primarily in rock piles and granite outcrops, this wallaby feasts mostly on grasses and fruit, and, interestingly, obtains nearly all of its water through its food.
Burrow builder
An expert digger, the southern hairy-nosed wombat is able to construct burrows that support a constant inside temperature of 78°F in the summer and 57.2 °F in the winter. These burrows are often formed as networks of up to thirty meters long that can host five to ten wombats.
Smooth sailing
The softly furred sugar glider uses the membrane along its body to glide distances of up to 150 feet between trees. This agile possum also has a rather distinctive alarm call, which is said to resemble a yapping dog!
Cultural croaker
Found only in the northern Australian Alps and the Australian Capital Territory, the northern corroboree frog has a local cultural story attached to its name. 'Corroboree' is an aboriginal word used to describe a gathering, where traditionally attendees are adorned with brightly colored yellow markings similar to those of this frog.
Aquatic ambler
A fish with 'hands' that can walk the ocean floor? It's true! The spotted handfish, one of the world's most endangered fish, is able to use its characteristic 'hand-like' fins to walk the sea floor, occasionally sucking on prey like shrimp and small fish. Threatened by development, a restricted distribution and a low reproductive rate, the spotted handfish population may be restored in the future through successful re-introduction programs.
If you're looking to continue your 'walkabout' around Australia on ARKive, check out the new Barrow Island topic page or search the 1,200+ Australian species on ARKive today. Feel free to share your favorite Aussie species in the comments below!
Jade Womack, Education & Outreach Intern, Wildscreen USA


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From the Manufacturer's Label:
Many coffee lovers prefer to grind whole coffee beans themselves, because they know that doing so results in an impossibly fresh cup. Colombian Supremo uses Colombia's highest-grade specialty coffee beans to bring you a magical cup of coffee brimming with rich flavor. When it comes to premium quality coffee, it's all about the bean. Our flavorful Arabica beans are precisely blended and meticulously roasted – you'll taste the freshness in every cup!


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In an effort to ensure effective and efficient customer service, the Special Education Services – Springfield Division has established a process for external entities to request training, technical assistance and/or conference presentations to be provided by staff members of the division. Such requests may be submitted electronically by completing the
Request for ISBE Training, Technical Assistance or Conference Presentation form.
Please refer to the form's instructions for information regarding the electronic submission of the request. Upon receipt of the request form, Special Education Services Division staff will submit it to division management for review, and will subsequently inform the requester of the outcome and status of the request. Electronic submission will be easily accessible for the requesting entity, and will allow for timely responses to requests.
The Division of Special Education Services staff hopes you find this process resourceful and user-friendly.
* * * This page has been archived. The content on this page may no longer be in effect. * * *


text: My favourite operating system is Windows 98 because it is easy to use, fast, stable, has the MS-DOS prompt unlike Windows ME and is ideal for my website designing and computer programming. I would say that the best operating system is the one that suits your needs and can do what you want it to do and I say stick with Windows or the MACos but not Linux. I say this because the stupid Linux programmers have made it too hard for the average user so I say stick with an easy to use operating system.


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Disability Resources
I need help with disability and legal issues.
Christina Bach, MSW, LCSW, OSW-C, Oncology Social Worker at the Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Presbyterian , responds:
Applying for disability is a big decision when diagnosed with cancer; and also a very personal one. Many people feel up to working throughout their treatment plan; others cannot work from the day of diagnosis.
First you should start with investigating your disability benefits, both short and long term, through your employer. Contact your Human Resources office to initiate this process.
Secondly, think about applying for social security disability (SSDI); the caveat with SSDI is that you will not see any payments until six months AFTER social security decides you are disabled and unable to work. For example if you are diagnosed in July, but continue working until May, Social Security will count MAY as the date you were disabled and you will not receive disability payments until December. Obviously SSDI is not a short-term solution; but if you have paid into the system and meet qualifications it can offer substantial financial resources.
If you haven't worked enough, you may be eligible for SSI (supplemental security income). This is also administered through the Social Security Administration. With SSI your date of application is your date of disability.
To apply for either SSI or SSDI the fastest method is through the internet- www.ssa.gov. You can also call 800.772.1213 to initiate your application.
If you need further legal information, contact the Cancer Legal Resource Center. They can provide Legal Assistance and direct you to local legal resources that may in available.
This question and answer was part of the OncoLink Brown Bag Chat Series. View the transcript from Finding the Cancer Resources You Need.


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|Our Awards
|The awards recognise and reward organisations who are adopting a top–level, strategic view of customer service; judges were looking for businesses who demonstrate consistent commitment to customers at the highest level.
Oracle RetailWeek Growing Retailer of the year 2012 - Finalist
This award recognises the new retail concepts that have carved out a niche for themselves in the highly competitive UK retail arena.
National Business Awards UK, The Santander Small to Medium sized Business of the Year – Finalist
|The Santander Small to Medium sized business of the Year category recognises
Drapers Awards 2011, Smaller Etailer – Winner
This award was looking for a great proposition, an impressive transactional site, exemplary IT systems, consistent deliveries, good marketing, and a first-class knowledge of the businesses consumers; will be given to those that can demonstrate they have pushed the boundaries in online retailing.
The Perfect Weddings Awards 2011, Best Groomswear – shortlisted
|A Suit That Fits is very excited to have been shortlisted for Best
Groomswear in The Perfect Weddings Awards 2011. If you loved your wedding suit, we'd appreciate your vote, please click here for more information.
BT RetailWeek Technology Awards 2011 - Winner
Marketing Week Engage Awards 2011 - Lara O'Shea, Rising Star Award, finalist
This award is aimed at seeking out the best young talent in the marketing industry; Lara, was shortlisted for A Suit That Fits's new branding.
London Business Awards 2010 - Winner
The London Business Awards are organised by Archant London and aim to celebrate businesses in the city. As three of our branches (and our head office) are situated in London we are thrilled to be recognised for our customer service in the capital. On receiving the award, A Suit That Fits Director and Co-Founder Warren Bennett said: "We are delighted to have won this fantastic award, which has recognised the dedication and hard work of our team to always listen to our customers and offer them exemplary service."
Drapers Awards 2010 - Winner
A Suit That Fits won the Drapers Smaller Etailer of the Year Award 2010. Jessica Brown, Editor of Drapers commented: "An innovative concept with a personal approach really makes this
etailer stand out from the crowd. The Style Wizard allows users to
create personalised profiles on the site, imputting their own
measurements online and using the tool to create bespoke garments."
Best Multichannel Etailer, Drapers Etail Awards, 2010- Finalist
A Suit That Fits were shortlisted for the 'Best Multichannel Etailer' category 2011. Drapers said of the awards and the finalists: "This award recognises retailers that best integrate the internet to enhance the overall retail business and its customers' experience. This is an innovative retailer who is truly committed to etail and uses etail to benefit the wider business."
Smarta 100 Company 2010 Winner
A Suit That Fits were chosen as an exciting business and is listed as a Smarta 100 business 2010.
Best Specialist Etailer, Drapers Etail Awards, 2010- Finalists
A Suit That Fits were shortlisted for the 'Best Specialist Etailer' category 2010. A Suit That Fits was recognised to be an information source for the suiting market. Judges looked for a great product choice, fantastic service offering and a real understanding of what suit lovers need.
HSBC Start-Up Stars 2009 - Finalists
A Suit That Fits have been short listed as national finalists for the HSBC Start-Up Stars award 2009. The award supports the initiative of A Suit That Fits in making it simpler to get an individually hand-tailored suit.
Dell Small Business Excellence Awards 2009
The Dell Small Business Excellence Award honours businesses that apply technology in innovative ways to improve the customer experience and grow.
Retail Week Consumer Technology Awards 2009
A Suit That Fits makes technology work for our customers. This award recognises that our technology adds value for our customers.
BT Business Essence of an Entrepreneur Award 2009
The essence of the entrepreneur award commended founders Warren and David's entrepreneurial skills in making A Suit That Fits such a successful online tailor. The award seeks inspirational British companies who are using technology to drive their business forward.
Highly Commended Real Business Customer Kings 2009
The award recognised that the team have implemented customer-focused initiatives in order to make it easier than ever for you to find your perfect suit!
Best New Business - RBS South London Business Awards 2009
The RBS South London Business Awards celebrate and reward the endeavours and successes of businesses and individuals across all the south London boroughs. The team were delighted to have won the 'Best New Business' category.
Online Business of the Year - Start-ups 2008
A Suit That Fits was hailed as having the strongest growth potential and the most unique product offering. The judges noted that the A Suit That Fits team are making tailored suits more available and achievable.
Young Entrepreneur of the Year - Start-ups 2008
Co-founders of A Suit That Fits Warren Bennett and David Hathiramani were commended for being great entrepreneurs and awarded the start-ups young entrepreneur of the year award.
National Business Awards 2008 - South East
We were the regional winner of the National Business Awards for innovation, growth, and giving our customers a great experience!
New Product of the Year - Growing Business Awards 2007
Inspired by founders Warren and David's entrepreneurialism, A Suit That Fits won a growing business award for 'New Product Of The Year' in 2007.


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For nearly thirty years, we've offered world-class photography education to enthusiasts and aspiring professionals. We are a supportive community that encourages you to take risks and try something new. We're not about competition here. We're about pushing one another to grow, collaborate and succeed.
At RMSP, we've always taken a people-first approach to education. The intensive, supportive, non-competitive nature of our programs and workshops means our students develop the confidence and skills to become accomplished photographers and professionals.
Our love for photography and education is the bedrock our program was built upon. Everyone in the RMSP community is a photographer, including our entire office staff. Our mission is to offer the best photography education in the industry. Together, we help students pursue their dreams and fall in love with light.
Our classes are practical and hands-on; there's no dabbling in abstract theory or irrelevant course work. Unlike trying to teach yourself from books or online videos, our talented instructors will teach you, meet you where you are, and help you achieve your personal, creative vision.


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NFL reporter Mike Klis suggests five goals for the Broncos in their final preseason game Thursday night against the Arizona Cardinals in Glendale, Ariz…
1. Stay awake
The stage is set for the Bore War: Political speeches vs. preseason scrubs. Because Mitt Romney gets to tell the nation why he is Barack Obama's chief nemesis for president, the game in suburban Phoenix won't kick off until 9:06 p.m. MDT. Peyton Manning will be among the many starters on both teams who won't play.
2. Play like there's no tomorrow
The Broncos will move 22 players off their roster Friday. There will be a few Denver reserves who will never play again after Thursday. There are two to four spots for the 53-man roster up for competition. Might as well bring it.


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"An apple a day keeps the doctor away," right? I love apples and am not sure if the saying is entirely true, but I'm a willing participant. The other day, a brand new "Taste of Home" magazine was in my mailbox. I don't remember ordering it (surprise, surprise) but I can't get enough of food magazines, so I was thrilled to look through it. Of course, there were pages dedicated to fall apple recipes and it dawned on me that I've never tried to make homemade applesauce. Thus, the apple-inspired weekend began. So, I made the applesauce (mostly for my little one - but we loved it too!) and I found this adorable apple "pizza" recipe too. I lightened up the "pizza" and it's a "deliciously fall" dessert. I have also included a third apple recipe that I found while browsing around in "blogland" the other night. It is the most adorable apple "sandwich" from an equally adorable blog (please visit!): http://www.mrshappyhomemaker.com/2011/09/apple-sandwiches.html
Grilled Apple Pizza
adapted from R. Sandlin in "Taste of Home"
3-5 tart apples, peeled and sliced
Refrigerated pizza crust
1 tbsp. butter
Splash of apple juice
3 tsp. brown sugar
1 tsp. cinnamon
*extra melted butter for grilling
Optional: cream cheese frosting, caramel sauce, raisins
1. Brush the pizza crust with a little bit of butter and cook on a covered grill until golden brown.
2. Meanwhile, place apples and tbsp. of butter in a saute pan and cook until apples are tender (this is where I added the splash of apple juice to avoid adding more butter).
3. When apples are softened, add cinnamon and sugar.
4. Place apple mixture on baked pizza crust.
5. Top with anything of your choice! We used raisins, caramel, and cream cheese frosting.
***I baked the crust in a pie pan in the oven due to the never-ending rain we're experiencing and it worked well - but it would be fun to do this on the grill!
Chunky Applesauce
adapted from D. Amrine in "Taste of Home"
4 cups of chopped, peeled tart apples (I recommend Braeburn, Granny Smith apples are a little too tart)
1/4 c. brown sugar
1. tsp cinnamon
dash of vanilla extract
2. Mash with a fork and add vanilla.
3. Serve warm or chilled.
*This would make a great topping to a pork dish, or on ice cream.
Apple "Sandwiches"
By: Crystal at "Mrs. Happy Homemaker"
Visit: http://www.mrshappyhomemaker.com/2011/09/apple-sandwiches.html
to see the ingredients for this adorable recipe! It's a must try for apple and peanut butter lovers!


text:
The Python programming language is a widely used tool for basic research and engineering. Its rapid rise in popularity is supported by comprehensive, largely open-source, contributions from scientists who use it for their own work. This short course offers an introduction to Python with examples drawn from physics and astronomy.
This resource was developed as a component of a Research Methods class Various examples that may be useful for developing small Python programs are collected here. They are a basis for a few exercises that were assigned during the course are are available here.
The topics and examples covered --
These topics may be added to a longer version of this course or as working notes when time allows.


text:
|index : members : PositiveThinker : Biography
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|Some words from PositiveThinker:
I'm not your typical pervert. Sorry. I just like to write and will answer anyone who writes me, so long as they are not vulgar in their remarks and requests.
Don't even ask, as I won't send you any naked pictures, nor do I want a photo of your cock, seen one seen them all (lol). I'm just here to write and to make friends, both male and female.
I debated about putting a picture of me, my dog, or something else and I decided that having a face to go along with my stories may help the reader. This is me (lol). Sorry. I may not be the best looking woman but I have good looking makeup and know how to apply it. You don't want to see me in the morning without my face.
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Also, please consider adding me to your favorite author lists and my stories to your favorite story list.
I've written stories under Andtheend in 2010, such as Spending My Summer Stripping Mother and under WmForrester in 2009 with the hugely favorite, I Love You Mommy, the most read story in all of 2010. In 2009, I also wrote stories as CarBuffStuff and PositiveThinker. Lastly, I wrote as BostonFictionwriter in 2007 & 2008.
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In 2735 B.C., a Chinese emperor recommended an extract from the ma huang plant (known as ephedra in the Western world) as a treatment for respiratory illness. Today, the chemical ephedrine is extracted from the plant and used as a decongestant (e.g., pseudoephedrine). Codeine, derived from opium, has long been used as an analgesic and cough suppressant.
During the Golden Age of Western herbology, which occurred from 500 B.C. to 200 A.D., Western physicians and scholars classified hundreds of plants useful in healing. By the Middle Ages, every household had an herb garden to supply it with medicines. Rhubarb was used as a laxative. Salicin, a forerunner of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), was derived from the bark of the willow tree. The tranquilizer laudanum, derived from the poppy, was later used to treat the "vapors" experienced by Victorian ladies.
By World War II, herbology was losing popularity in the West. Penicillin and other "wonder drugs" seemed to be cure-alls. And the war itself had cut off supplies of herbs from around the world. The advent of the drug industry with its synthetic medicines seemed to ring a death knoll for herbology, yet plants remain a major source of drugs today. For example, the previously mentioned ephedrine, digitalis (a heart strengthener), and vincristine (an antitumor drug) are all plant-derived.
Ironically, the same research that threatened to make herbal medicine extinct has also proven its efficacy, breathing new life into it. We now know that the peppermint used for digestive disorders since 1800 B.C. relieves nausea and vomiting by mildly anesthetizing the stomach lining. Laboratory analysis has shown that herbs contain vital vitamins, minerals, and natural chemicals that may be essential to curing a diseased body. Echinacea, for instance, is derived from the purple coneflower and was used by herbalists for centuries to fight infection. Research has shown that echinacea stimulates the production of white blood cells, thereby boosting the immune system.
Many moderns, in support of herbal therapies, believe that extracting the chemical rather than using the whole plant eliminates such active ingredients as minerals, volatile oils, bioflavonoids, and other substances that support a particular herb's medicinal properties. Some feel that isolated or synthesized compounds may have harmful side effects because they are so concentrated.
Generally speaking, herbs are used to cleanse the blood, warm and stimulate the body, increase surface circulation, increase elimination of wastes, reduce inflammation, and calm and soothe irritation. Herbs may be used internally as pills, syrups, and infusions, or externally as poultices, plasters, and liniments. An external application of clove oil, for instance, will stop the pain of toothache, as will tincture of hops. Herbs are commonly used as additives to bath water-either full body baths or baths for the foot, eye, or face. Moist herbal wraps, either hot or cold, can be used on specific affected parts of the body. These wraps are especially effective for sore, tense muscles such as those in the neck, shoulders, back, or jaw when temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ) is present.
Herbs, which are powerful healing agents, must be used appropriately. Always know what you are taking. Keep in mind that not all plant life is beneficial. Certain herbs may be toxic, especially when used over a long period of time or in too great amounts. Herbs contain active ingredients that may interact negatively with prescribed medications or other remedies. It is wise, therefore, to consult a health-care professional in situations in which you question the appropriateness of the herb or its interaction with other remedies. Also note that the herbal recommendations found in Part Two are for adults, not children.
The herbs most commonly used for dental problems are described below. Specific advice on the use of these herbs for various conditions can be found in Part Two. Directions for preparing various herbal remedies can be found under Using Herbs in Part Three.
Also known as buffalo herb, alfalfa grows in dry fields, in sandy wastes, and along some roadsides. It reaches a height of one to two feet and has bluish flowers from June through August. The leaves, petals, flowers, and sprouts are commonly used to treat stomach and blood disorders. One of the richest sources of trace minerals and an antioxidant, alfalfa is high in calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, and vitamin K.
Precautions and Recommendations
Aloe Vera
A native of southern Africa, the aloe vera plant has fleshy spiny-toothed leaves and red or yellow flowers It is an ingredient in many cosmetics because it heals moisturizes, and softens skin. Simply cut one of the aloe vera leaves to easily extract the soothing gel.
Also known as sweet fennel, anise is a native of Egypt. It grows to a height of ten or twelve inches and has light green leaves and small yellow-white flowers. The licorice-flavored seeds are used in medicine and as a flavoring.
A small tropical American tree, annatto is a rich source of vitamins A and D-richer than cod-liver oil. The pulp of the seeds, which is used in cooking, yields a yellowish-red dye. The pulp is also used medicinally.
A mountain plant that grows to about twenty inches in height, arnica has yellow-orange flowers that bloom in the summer. Arnica flowers are commonly used to combat fever, and to stimulate the heart, circulation, and digestive system. Arnica is also a homeopathic remedy.
Bee Pollen
Fresh pollen obtained from bees contains amino acids, calcium, carotene, copper, enzymes, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, B vitamins, vitamin C, and other chemicals and nutrients. It is effective for combating fatigue, depression, and colon disorders. Pollen has an antimicrobial effect.
Precautions and Recommendations
Black Cohosh
This tall plant, native to eastern North America, has long clusters of small white flowers. Its rhizomes and roots contain estrogenic substances, phosphorus, vitamins A and B5, and several other chemicals and nutrients. Black cohosh is commonly used to treat pain and reduce mucus levels.
A common plant that grows in almost any moist soil, burdock grows from two to six feet high and has burst The very large leaves-up to two feet long-are poisonous.
Burdock is considered an excellent blood purifier. Its roots and seeds contain a variety of chemicals and nutrients, including biotin, copper, iron, manganese, sulfur, zinc, and vitamins B1, B6, B12, and E. These plant parts are commonly used to treat skin disorders and stimulate the immune system.
A common wild plant, catnip may reach three feet in height. Its leaves are long with downy undersides, and it has clusters of pale pink, spotted flowers. The leaves have traditionally been used to treat the nerves and intestines. Catnip is excellent for calming the nervous system and controlling irritability. It contains many chemicals and nutrients, including acetic acid, manganese, phosphorus, PABA, sodium, sulfur, vitamin A, and several B vitamins.
The pungent fruit of the Capsicum frutescens, cayenne is used to treat the heart, circulation, stomach, and kidneys. Cayenne stops both internal and external bleeding.
Chamomile grows in well-drained sunny soil in temperate regions everywhere. A hardy perennial that reaches a height of one foot, chamomile has daisylike blossoms. Commonly used as a nerve tonic, sleep aid, and digestive aid, chamomile is also a homeopathic remedy. It contains calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, and vitamin A.
Precautions and Recommendations
The most common of weeds, chickweed is found throughout the world. Its leaves are used to soothe skin irritations.
The dried flower buds of an East Indian evergreen tree, cloves are popularly used as a spice. They also yield a volatile oil used medicinally and in perfumes. Cloves have antiseptic, stimulant, and antiemetic (vomiting preventive) properties and are used to treat the mouth, stomach, intestines, circulation, and lungs.
The comfrey plant grows in rich, moist areas and has prickly green leaves along its stalk, which can reach three feet in height. White flowers bloom at the top of the comfrey plant. Its leaves and roots have traditionally been used to treat the lungs, stomach, and intestines. Comfrey contains phosphorus, potassium, starch, tannins, and vitamins A, C, and E.


text:
So I've been perusing the most recent global economic outlook put together by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) – something this group does twice a year – and found myself struck by a key piece of analysis delivered by Pier Carlo Padoan, the OECD's deputy secretary-general and chief economist: namely, that "confidence" is what's going to make the difference between a stronger recovery or regression for the world's economy.
"Confidence is essential for both companies and households to boost spending, especially on investment, which continues to remain below average in many advanced and some emerging countries," he said during the group's annual forum in Paris this week.
"It is the duty of policy to rebuild confidence through credible medium-term frameworks involving all policy pillars: monetary, fiscal, financial, structural, and, especially in the case of the euro area, institutional," Padoan added. "The policy mix should be balanced and based on multiple pillars, as relying only on a limited set of instruments could lead to renewed instability."
With that said, the OECD predicts that the world economy will grow 3.1% this year before accelerating to 4% in 2014.
While those estimates marked a slightly more pessimistic view compared to the group's last outlook report in November – when it forecast global growth of 3.4% for 2013 and 4.2% for 2014 – the U.S. is now predicted to be a "driving force" in growth this year with its economy projected to expand 1.9% for 2103 and then accelerating to 2.8% in 2014; which would be the nation's best rate of growth since 2005, Padoan stressed.
"While still disappointing, the global economy is moving forward, and it is doing so at multiple speeds. These multiple speeds reflect different paths towards self-sustained growth, with each path carrying its own mix of risks," he explained.
"In the U.S., large imbalances had built up prior to the crisis and eventually erupted, but the economy has undergone significant adjustment, which is beginning to bear fruit," Padoan (at right) noted. "The combination of a repaired financial system and a revival in confidence is driving growth. Private sector demand is stabilizing as household deleveraging is far advanced, house prices are rebounding and wealth accumulation is supporting consumption. Employment is growing, adding to confidence."
There's that word again: confidence. As long as we've got that, it seems, the economies of the world can finally turn the long-awaited corner towards heftier long term growth.
Ah, but turning that corner won't be easy – especially for the U.S., as a lot of deficit spending and "easy money" policies over the last four years haven't been able to generate the desired level of growth.
Indeed, Padoan cautioned that fiscal policy should reduce the effects of excessive tightening coming from across-the-board sequestration, by refocusing or limiting the cuts in the current year, while ensuring a credible medium-term consolidation path.
"Monetary policy should remain accommodative but vigilant, as declining benefits of further quantitative easing are likely at some point to be outweighed by increasing costs in terms of misallocation and excessive risk-taking," he explained.
And that's not the only worry. For example, in Europe, still-rising unemployment is the most pressing challenge for policy makers.
"Protracted weakness could evolve into stagnation with negative implications for the global economy," Padoan warned. "Such a perspective would resonate negatively with large persistent risks of adverse interactions between weakly capitalized banks, public debt financing requirements and exit risks."
Indeed, OECD projects that the euro zone will remain in recession for a second year, with the European Union's contracting 0.6% in 2013 and then returning to growth next year with a rate of 1.1%.
The good news (such as it is) from where Padoan sits is that in many European countries adjustment, both fiscal and structural, has been going on for several years and thus government debt ratios should start to decline soon with positive implications for market risk assessments.
"Once debt ratios begin to decline, only modest additional fiscal tightening would be needed to bring them to safe levels over the medium term," he said. "The improvement in competitiveness in some countries also reflects structural efforts. However, reform fatigue is mounting as visible results in growth and jobs still fail to materialize, in part because reforms can take time to bring results but also due to the weak macroeconomic environment."
There's also this potential pitfall: outside the major developed economies, Padoan pointed out, are a large and heterogeneous group of "innocent bystanders" of both advanced and emerging market economies, without large pre-crisis imbalances and with solid growth in the recovery, but where new imbalances, often resulting from spillovers from the policy stance in other regions, are emerging through inflationary pressures and high and rising asset prices.
"In such a diverse, multiple-path environment, internal and external imbalances are more likely to increase than the opposite," he cautioned. "Current account imbalances are still large and could be rising in the future, while unorthodox monetary policies are likely to generate shock waves both during their implementation and once they begin to be withdrawn."
Thus national policy frameworks will be less credible if they conflict with each other or disregard spillover effects, Padoan noted: "Adjusting the composition of national policy packages in a cooperative fashion to facilitate rebalancing and minimize adverse spillover effects is necessary … and it is also possible."
I guess then that all we can do is hope enough confidence is generated by such policy efforts that businesses and consumers gain confidence that things will turn out all right. Let's hope that's what happens at any rate.


text:
First off, I have been lurking for a while and have learned so much. I have only been quilting for a short time. Life happened and it got put on the back burner. Now for my question, I have my top and my back ready to sandwich, but my back is only about 1.5" larger all the way around than my top. Do I need to extend the back or will I be okay to quilt as it is??????
Thanks for your help. My day starts here with my coffee every morning!


text:
Naked protestor arrives
If you hurry, you can still catch 21-year-old PETA activist, Dana Littlefield, sitting naked (well, sorta naked) on the Downtown Mall in front of the Charlottesville Ice Park. She'll be there until 1:00pm today.
When Littlefield arrived in a bathrobe, police escorted her into the lobby of the Omni to make sure she was sufficiently covered, and then escorted her back out to the Mall"Šfollowed by a small herd of eager media. "The story here is the media," one observer laughed.
This is the last stop on Littlefield's 6-city tour to promote PETA's advocacy for animal rights. Holding a sign over her naked breasts, and wearing underwear, Littlefield's body was adorned with temporary tattoos indicating different cuts of meat. "The idea is to show people that animals are like people," says 25-year old campaign coordinator, Chris Link, who was in charge of holding a banner over Littlefield. "They feel pain, have emotions, and we just want people to make that connection."
And connect they did. "This is crazy, man," said bystander Jared Cole. "I don't necessarily agree with the whole animal protesting thing, but she's exceedingly hot."
3 comments
That is one fine slice o' meat!
Okay, so obviously the Hook has a webmaster working full-time struggling to keep up with the news. I mean, how else to explain how you could have a photo of the savory meats in question up on your website within minutes of the publicity stunt. But, hey, Mr. Webmaster, don't you have a new Hook Cafe romance zone to tend to?
Yeah, I was there...that gal had some choice cuts. I was expecting some granola crunchy hippy chick...Instead, Wyonna Ryder shows up! PETA sure has become cool and chic....still, I like my prime rib!


text:
Austrian Officials Go Far Beyond the Law
Going Far Beyond the Law
Movement Grows as Families Join Together
Authorities Detect Homeschoolers; Family Flees to Austria
Officials Overstep Their Bounds, Families Threatened in France, Austria
Austria: Haven for German Homeschoolers
Officials Amazed at Rise in Homeschooling
Education without School
Compulsory attendance: 6-14 (Compulsory schooling starts on September 1st following the child's sixth birthday.)
Legal status of homeschooling: Homeschooling is legal and regulated by the Austrian government at the local level. Per the Compulsory Education Act of 1985, Austria's compulsory education requirement can be fulfilled through "domestic education." Domestic education (home education) is considered a form of private schooling.
Private schools must be "at least equivalent" to the public school, which is evaluated through an examination at the public school at the end of each year.
Parents do not need any special qualifications to instruct their children at home, but they must inform the "Bezirksschulrat" (district school board) before the start of the school year of their intent to homeschool. A school board may prohibit a family's right to homeschool only if the home school instruction is not "equivalent" to the education provided in the public school. If a family's decision to homeschool is prohibited, it is possible to appeal the decision of the district school board and go before the "Landesschulrat" (governing education body).
Estimated number of homeschooled children:
Homeschoolers.at - Bildung zu Haus Österreich
Christian Homeschoolers in Austria
Homeschooling in Austria - "Häuslicher Unterricht"
Last Updated: June 29, 2016


text:
Seaplane pilots can now download a new training handbook from the FAA.
The new Seaplane, Skiplane, and Float/Ski-Equipped Helicopter Operations Handbook is packed with information covering the basic skills necessary for flying seaplanes, skiplanes and float or ski-equipped helicopters. It is aimed at pilots who already have their private certificates, but it also is beneficial for seaplane pilots who wish to improve their proficiency.
Broken into four downloads, the entire handbook is 82 pages.
To download, go to Av-Info.FAA.gov. Click on downloads, then type seaplane in the search box. You also can buy printed copies of the handbook from ASA (ASA2Fly.com) for $16.95.


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