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Atlantic cod Information
Table of Contents ⇨
|Atlantic cod
|Scientific classification
G. morhua
|Binomial name
|Gadus morhua
|Distribution of Atlantic cod
The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a benthopelagic fish of the family Gadidae, widely consumed by humans. It is also commercially known as cod or codling. [2] [n 1] Dry cod may be prepared as unsalted stockfish, [3] [9] [n 2] as cured salt cod or clipfish. [n 3]
In the western Atlantic Ocean, cod has a distribution north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and around both coasts of Greenland and the Labrador Sea; in the eastern Atlantic, it is found from the Bay of Biscay north to the Arctic Ocean, including the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, Sea of the Hebrides, [13] areas around Iceland and the Barents Sea.
The largest individual on record was 1.8 m (6 ft) long and weighed 96 kg (211 lb), but usually the cod is between 61 cm (24 in) and 1.2 m (4 ft) long and weighs up to 40 kg (88 lb). Males and females are similar in size and weight. [14] [15]
Atlantic cod can live for 25 years, and usually attain sexual maturity between ages two and four, [16] although cod in the northeast Arctic can take as long as eight years to mature fully. [17] Colouring is brown or green, with spots on the dorsal side, shading to silver ventrally. A stripe along its lateral line (used to detect vibrations) [18] is clearly visible. Its habitat ranges from the shoreline down to the continental shelf.
Several cod stocks collapsed in the 1990s (declined by >95% of maximum historical biomass) and have failed to fully recover even with the cessation of fishing. [19] This absence of the apex predator has led to a trophic cascade in many areas. [19] Many other cod stocks remain at risk. The Atlantic cod is labelled vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. [1]
Adult cod form spawning aggregations from late winter to spring. [20] [21] Females release their eggs in batches, [22] and males compete to fertilize them. [23] [24] [25] Fertilized eggs drift with ocean currents and develop into larvae ("fry"). Age of maturation varies between cod stocks, from ages two to four in the west Atlantic, [26] but as late as eight years in the northeast Arctic. [17] Cod can live for 13 years or more. [27]
The Atlantic cod is one of three cod species in the genus Gadus along with Pacific cod and Greenland cod. A variety of fish species are colloquially known as cod, but they are not all classified within the Gadus, though some are in the Atlantic cod family, Gadidae.
Atlantic cod are a shoaling species and move in large, size-structured aggregations. Larger fish act as scouts and lead the shoal's direction, particularly during post spawning migrations inshore for feeding. Cod actively feed during migration and changes in shoal structure occur when food is encountered. Shoals are generally thought to be relatively leaderless, with all fish having equal status and an equal distribution of resources and benefits. [28] However, some studies suggest that leading fish gain certain feeding benefits. One study of a migrating Atlantic cod shoal showed significant variability in feeding habits based on size and position in the shoal. Larger scouts consumed a more variable, higher quantity of food, while trailing fish had less variable diets and consumed less food. Fish distribution throughout the shoal seems to be dictated by fish size, and ultimately, the smaller lagging fish likely benefit from shoaling because they are more successful in feeding in the shoal than they would be if migrating individually, due to social facilitation. [29]
Atlantic cod are apex predators in the Baltic and adults are generally free from the concerns of predation. [30] Juvenile cod, however, may serve as prey for adult cod, which sometimes practice cannibalism. Juvenile cod make substrate decisions based on risk of predation. Substrates refer to different feeding and swimming environments. Without apparent risk of predation, juvenile cod demonstrated a preference for finer-grained substrates such as sand and gravel-pebble. However, in the presence of a predator, they preferred to seek safety in the space available between stones of a cobble substrate. Selection of cobble significantly reduces the risk of predation. Without access to cobble, the juvenile cod simply tries to escape a predator by fleeing.
Additionally, juvenile Atlantic cod vary their behaviour according to the foraging behaviour of predators. In the vicinity of a passive predator, cod behaviour changes very little. The juveniles prefer finer-grained substrates and otherwise avoid the safer kelp, steering clear of the predator. In contrast, in the presence of an actively foraging predator, juveniles are highly avoidant and hide in cobble or in kelp if cobble is unavailable. [31]
As apex predators, heavy fishing of cod in the 1990s and the collapse of American and Canadian cod stocks resulted in trophic cascades. Overfishing cod removed a significant predatory pressure on other Atlantic fish and crustacean species. Population-limiting effects on several species including American lobsters, crabs, and shrimp from cod predation have decreased significantly, and the abundance of these species and their increasing range serve as evidence of the Atlantic cod's role as a major predator rather than prey. [30]
Atlantic cod have been recorded to swim at speeds of a minimum of 2–5 cm/s (0.79–1.97 in/s) and a maximum of 21–54 cm/s (8.3–21.3 in/s) with a mean swimming speed of 9–17 cm/s (3.5–6.7 in/s). In one hour, cod have been recorded to cover a mean range of 99 to 226 m2 (1,070 to 2,430 sq ft). Swimming speed was higher during the day than at night. This is reflected in the fact that cod more actively search for food during the day. Cod likely modify their activity pattern according to the length of daylight, thus activity varies with time of year. [32]
Response to changing temperatures
Swimming and physiological behaviours change in response to fluctuations in water temperature. Respirometry experiments show that heart rates of Atlantic cod change drastically with changes in temperature of only a few degrees. A rise in water temperature causes marked increases in cod swimming activity. Cod typically avoid new temperature conditions, and the temperatures can dictate where they are distributed in water. They prefer to be deeper, in colder water layers during the day, and in shallower, warmer water layers at night. These fine-tuned behavioural changes to water temperature are driven by an effort to maintain homeostasis to preserve energy. This is demonstrated by the fact that a decrease of only 2.5 °C (5 °F) caused a highly costly increase in metabolic rate of 15 to 30%. [33]
Feeding and diet
Stomach sampling studies have discovered that small Atlantic cod feed primarily on crustaceans, while large Atlantic cod feed primarily on fish. [34] In certain regions, the main food source is decapods with fish as a complementary food item in the diet. [35] Wild Atlantic cod throughout the North Sea depend, to a large extent, on commercial fish species also used in fisheries, such as Atlantic mackerel, haddock, whiting, Atlantic herring, European plaice, and common sole, making fishery manipulation of cod significantly easier. [34] Ultimately, food selection by cod is affected by the food item size relative to their own size. However, providing for size, cod do exhibit food preference and are not simply driven by availability. [34]
Atlantic cod practice some cannibalism. In the southern North Sea, 1–2% (by weight) of stomach contents for cod larger than 10 cm (3.9 in) consisted of juvenile cod. In the northern North Sea, cannibalism was higher, at 10%. [34] Other reports of cannibalism have estimated as high as 56% of the diet consists of juvenile cod. [36]
Atlantic cod reproduce during a 1- to 2-month spawning season annually. Males and females aggregate in spawning schools and each spawning season yields an average of 8.3 egg batches. Females release gametes in a ventral mount, and males then fertilize the released eggs. Evidence suggests male sound production and other sexually selected characteristics allow female cod to actively choose a spawning partner. Males also exhibit aggressive interactions for access to females. [37] Based on behavioral observations of cod, that cod mating systems resemble those of lekking species, which is characterized by males aggregating and establishing dominance hierarchies, at which point females may visit and choose a spawning partner based on status and sexual characteristics. [36]
Cod males experience reproductive hierarchies based on size. Larger cod males are ultimately more successful in mating and produce the largest proportion of offspring in a population. However, cod males do experience high levels of sperm competition. In 75% of examined spawning in one study, sperm from multiple males contributed to offspring. As a result of high competition and unpredictable paternity, males may engage in varied mating strategies and may invest in courtship or may simply ejaculate with other spawning couples. Spawning success also varies according to male size relative to female size. Males that are significantly smaller than females demonstrate significantly lower success rates relative to males that are larger than females. [38]
Atlantic cod act as intermediate, paratenic, or definitive hosts to a large number of parasite species: 107 taxa listed by Hemmingsen and MacKenzie (2001) [39] and seven new records by Perdiguero-Alonso et al. (2008). [39] The predominant groups of cod parasites in the northeast Atlantic were trematodes (19 species) and nematodes (13 species), including larval anisakids, which comprised 58.2% of the total number of individuals. [39] Parasites of Atlantic cod include copepods, digeneans, monogeneans, acanthocephalans, cestodes, nematodes, myxozoans, and protozoans. [39]
Northwest Atlantic cod
The Northwest Atlantic cod has been regarded as heavily overfished throughout its range, resulting in a crash in the fishery in the United States and Canada during the early 1990s.
Newfoundland's northern cod fishery can be traced back to the 16th century. On average, about 300,000 t (300,000 long tons; 330,000 short tons) of cod were landed annually until the 1960s, when advances in technology enabled factory trawlers to take larger catches. By 1968, landings for the fish peaked at 800,000 t (790,000 long tons; 880,000 short tons) before a gradual decline set in. With the reopening of the limited cod fisheries in 2006, nearly 2,700 t (2,700 long tons; 3,000 short tons) of cod were hauled in. In 2007, offshore cod stocks were estimated at 1% of what they were in 1977. [40]
Technologies that contributed to the collapse of Atlantic cod include engine-powered vessels and frozen food compartments aboard ships. Engine-powered vessels had larger nets, greater range, and better navigation. The capacity to catch fish became limitless. In addition, sonar technology gave an edge to detecting and catching fish. Sonar was originally developed during World War II to locate enemy submarines, but was later applied to locating schools of fish. These new technologies, as well as bottom trawlers that destroyed entire ecosystems, contributed to the collapse of Atlantic cod. They were vastly different from old techniques used, such as hand lines and long lines. [41]
The fishery has only recently begun to recover, and may never fully recover because of a possibly stable change in the food chain. Atlantic cod was a top-tier predator, along with haddock, flounder and hake, feeding upon smaller prey, such as herring, capelin, shrimp, and snow crab. [19] With the large predatory fish removed, their prey have had population explosions and have become the top predators, affecting the survival rates of cod eggs and fry.
In the winter of 2011–2012, the cod fishery succeeded in convincing NOAA to postpone for one year the planned 82% reduction in catch limits. Instead, the limit was reduced by 22%. The fishery brought in $15.8 million in 2010, coming second behind Georges Bank haddock among the region's 20 regulated bottom-dwelling groundfish. Data released in 2011 indicated that even closing the fishery would not allow populations to rebound by 2014 to levels required under federal law. Restrictions on cod effectively limit fishing on other groundfish species with which the cod swim, such as flounder and haddock. [43]
Cod populations or stocks can differ significantly both in appearance and biology. For instance, the cod stocks of the Baltic Sea are adapted to low-salinity water. Organisations such as the Northwest Atlantic Fishery Organization (NAFO) and ICES divide the cod into management units or stocks; however, these units are not always biologically distinguishable stocks. Some major stocks/management units on the Canadian/US shelf are the Southern Labrador-Eastern Newfoundland stock (NAFO divisions 2J3KL), the Northern Gulf of St. Lawrence stock (NAFO divisions 3Pn4RS), the Northern Scotian Shelf stock (NAFO divisions 4VsW), which all lie in Canadian waters, and the Georges Bank and Gulf of Maine stocks in United States waters. In the European Atlantic, the numerous separate stocks are on the shelves of Iceland, the coast of Norway, the Barents Sea, the Faroe Islands, off western Scotland, the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Celtic Sea, and the Baltic Sea.
Northeast Atlantic cod
The Northeast Atlantic has the world's largest population of cod. By far, the largest part of this population is the Northeast Arctic cod, as it is labelled by the ICES, or the Arcto-Norwegian cod stock, also referred to as skrei, a Norwegian name meaning something like "the wanderer", distinguishing it from coastal cod. The Northeast Arctic cod is found in the Barents Sea area. This stock spawns in March and April along the Norwegian coast, about 40% around the Lofoten archipelago. Newly hatched larvae drift northwards with the coastal current while feeding on larval copepods. By summer, the young cod reach the Barents Sea, where they stay for the rest of their lives, until their spawning migration. As the cod grow, they feed on krill and other small crustaceans and fish. Adult cod primarily feed on fish such as capelin and herring. The northeast Arctic cod also show cannibalistic behaviour. Estimated stock size was 2,260,000 t (2,220,000 long tons; 2,490,000 short tons) in 2008.
The North Sea cod stock is primarily fished by European Union member states and Norway. In 1999, the catch was divided among Denmark (31%), Scotland (25%), the rest of the United Kingdom (12%), the Netherlands (10%), Belgium, Germany and Norway (17%). In the 1970s, the annual catch rose to between 200,000 and 300,000 t (200,000 and 300,000 long tons; 220,000 and 330,000 short tons). Due to concerns about overfishing, catch quotas were repeatedly reduced in the 1980s and 1990s. In 2003, ICES stated a high risk existed of stock collapse if then current exploitation levels continued, and recommended a moratorium on catching Atlantic cod in the North Sea during 2004. However, agriculture and fisheries ministers from the Council of the European Union endorsed the EU/Norway Agreement and set the total allowable catch at 27,300 t (26,900 long tons; 30,100 short tons). [45] Seafood sustainability guides, such as the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch, often recommend environmentally conscious customers not purchase Atlantic cod.
The stock of Northeast Arctic cod was more than four million tons following World War II, but declined to a historic minimum of 740,000 t (730,000 long tons; 820,000 short tons) in 1983. The catch reached a historic maximum of 1,343,000 t (1,322,000 long tons; 1,480,000 short tons) in 1956, and bottomed out at 212,000 t (209,000 long tons; 234,000 short tons) in 1990. Since 2000, the spawning stock has increased quite quickly, helped by low fishing pressure. The total catch in 2012 was 754,131 t (742,221 long tons; 831,287 short tons), the major fishers being Norway and Russia. [46]
Human consumption
See also
- ^ During the Middle Ages, Middle English used many, many forms of mulvel, milvel, melvel, and milwell to refer to fresh, large cod [3] and morhwell to refer to smaller ones. [4] Fresh cod was also known as the common cod, [5] [6] the Scotch cod, [7] and as the green fish or greenfish. [8] "Greenfish", however, now more often refers to other fish. Similarly, "codling" may refer to various morids.
- ^ In South Africa, however, "stockfish" refers to the local hake (Merluccius capensis).
- ^ Former names for salted cod include cured cod, [10] ling, [10] [11] [12] and haberdine. [2] [12] Freshly-salted cod was known as green cod, white cod, corefish, [10] coursfish, [9] and green fish or greenfish. [8] "Green cod" may also refer to the saithe (Pollachius virens), pollack (P. pollachius), or uncommonly to the lingcod (O. elongatus). [8] "Ling" now more often refers to other fish, particularly the common ling (Molva molva). [11]
This article incorporates CC BY-2.0 text from the reference. [39]
- ^ a b J. Sobel (1996). "Gadus morhua". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T8784A12931575. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T8784A12931575.en. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- ^ a b Atlantic Cod Archived 2009-12-25 at the Wayback Machine. Seafood Portal.
- ^ a b Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "milwell, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2002.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "morhwell, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2002.
- ^ Richardson, John (1836), "93. Gadus Morrhua. (Auct.) Common Cod-fish", Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America: Containing Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected on the Late Northern Land Expeditions under Command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N., Vol. III: The Fish, London: Richard Bentley, pp. 242–245.
- ^ Grant, Francis William (1836), "Parish of Banff (Presbytery of Fordyce, Synod of Aberdeen.)", The New Statistical Account of Scotland, Vol. XI, Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, p. 12.
- ^ Riley, Henry Thomas, ed. (1860), "Glossary of Mediæval Latin", Munimenta Gildallæ Londoniensis: Liber Albus, Liber Custumarum, et Liber Horn, Vol. II, Part II., containing Liber Custumarum, with extracts from the Cottonian MS Claudius, D. II., London: Eyre & Spottiswoode for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, p. 816.
- ^ a b c Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "green fish, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2011.
- ^ a b Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "stock-fish | 'stockfish, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1917.
- ^ a b c Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "green cod, n.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2011.
- ^ a b Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "ling, n.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1903.
- ^ a b Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "† haberdine, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1898.
- ^ C.Michael Hogan, (2011) Sea of the Hebrides Archived May 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Eds. P. Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC.
- ^ Field Guide to Fishes, National Audubon Society (2nd Edition fully revised, April 2002 ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. 2002. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-375-41224-0.
- ^ "Gadus morhua (Cod)". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
- ^ O'Brien, L., J. Burnett, and R. K. Mayo. (1993) Maturation of Nineteen Species of Finfish off the Northeast Coast of the United States, 1985–1990. NOAA Tech. Report. NMFS 113, 66 p.
- ^ a b ICES (2007), Arctic Fisheries Working Group Report, Section 03, Table 3.5, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea[ permanent dead link] (accessed 2008/12/11)
- ^ Bleckmann, Horst; Zelick, Randy (2009-03-01). "Lateral line system of fish". Integrative Zoology. 4 (1): 13–25. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2008.00131.x. ISSN 1749-4877. PMID 21392273.
- ^ a b c Kenneth T. Frank; Brian Petrie; Jae S. Choi; William C. Leggett (2005). "Trophic Cascades in a Formerly Cod-Dominated Ecosystem". Science. 308 (5728): 1621–1623. doi: 10.1126/science.1113075. PMID 15947186.
- ^ K. M. Brander (1994). "The location and timing of cod spawning around the British Isles". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 51 (1): 71–89. doi: 10.1006/jmsc.1994.1007.
- ^ Kai Wieland; Astrid Jarre-Teichmann & Katarzyna Horbowa (2000). "Changes in the timing of spawning of Baltic cod: possible causes and implications for recruitment". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 57 (2): 452–464. doi: 10.1006/jmsc.1999.0522.
- ^ Scott, Beth E.; Marteinsdottir, Gudrun; Begg, Gavin A.; Wright, Peter J.; Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd (2005). "Effects of population size/age structure, condition and temporal dynamics of spawning on reproductive output in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)". Ecological Modelling. 191 (3–4): 383–415. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.05.015.
- ^ J. A. Hutchings; T. D. Bishop; C. R. McGregor-Shaw (1999). "Spawning behaviour of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua: evidence of mate competition and mate choice in a broadcast spawner". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 56 (1): 97–104. doi: 10.1139/cjfas-56-1-97. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27.
- ^ J. T. Nordeide; Folstad (2000). "Is cod lekking or a promiscuous group spawner?". Fish and Fisheries. 1 (1): 90–93. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2979.2000.00005.x.
- ^ D. Bekkevold; M. M. Hansen & V. Loeschcke (2002). "Male reproductive competition in spawning aggregations of cod". Molecular Ecology. 11 (1): 91–102. doi: 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01424.x. PMID 11903907.
- ^ O'Brien, L., J. Burnett, and R. K. Mayo. (1993) Maturation of Nineteen Species of Finfish off the Northeast Coast of the United States, 1985–1990. NOAA Tech. Report. NMFS 113, 66 p.
- ^ ICES (2007), Arctic Fisheries Working Group Report, Section 03, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea Archived 2011-06-12 at the Wayback Machine (accessed 2008/12/11)
- ^ Pitcher, TJ, Parrish JK (1993). Functions of shoaling behaviour in teleosts. Chapman and Hall. pp. 363–427.
- ^ DeBlois, Elisabeth M.; Rose, George A. (1 January 1996). "Cross-shoal variability in the feeding habits of migrating Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)". Oecologia. 108 (1): 192–196. doi: 10.1007/BF00333231.
- ^ a b Steneck, R. S. (14 May 2012). "Apex predators and trophic cascades in large marine ecosystems: Learning from serendipity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (21): 7953–7954. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1205591109. PMC 3361373. PMID 22586126.
- ^ Gotceitas, V; S. Fraser; J.A. Brown (1995). "Habitat use by juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the presence of an actively foraging and non-foraging predator". Marine Biology. 123 (3): 421–430. doi: 10.1007/bf00349220.
- ^ LØKKEBORG, SVEIN (1 August 1998). "Feeding behaviour of cod, Gadus morhua: activity rhythm and chemically mediated food search". Animal Behaviour. 56 (2): 371–378. doi: 10.1006/anbe.1998.0772. PMID 9787028.
- ^ Claireaux, G; et al. (1995). "Physiology and behaviour of free-swimming Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) facing fluctuating temperature conditions". Journal of Experimental Biology. 198 (1): 49–60. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ a b c d Daan, N. (1 December 1973). "A quantitative analysis of the food intake of North Sea cod, Gadus Morhua". Netherlands Journal of Sea Research. 6 (4): 479–517. doi: 10.1016/0077-7579(73)90002-1.
- ^ Klemetsen, A. (1 May 1982). "Food and feeding habits of cod from the Balsfjord, northern Norway during a one-year period". ICES Journal of Marine Science. 40 (2): 101–111. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/40.2.101.
- ^ a b Ponomarenko, I. Ja (1965). "Comparative characteristics of some biological indices of the bottom stages of 0-group cod belonging to the 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960 and 1961 year-classes". Spec. Publ. Int. Comm. Northw. Atlant. Fish: 349–354.
- ^ Hutchings, Jeffrey A; Bishop, Todd D; McGregor-Shaw, Carolyn R (1 January 1999). "Spawning behaviour of Atlantic cod: evidence of mate competition and mate choice in a broadcast spawner". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 56 (1): 97–104. doi: 10.1139/f98-216.
- ^ Bekkevold, D; Hansen, M M; Loeschcke, V (1 January 2002). "Male reproductive competition in spawning aggregations of cod (Gadus morhua, L.)". Molecular Ecology. 11 (1): 91–102. doi: 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01424.x. PMID 11903907.
- ^ a b c d e Perdiguero-Alonso, D.; Montero, F. E.; Raga, J. A.; Kostadinova, A. (2008). "Composition and structure of the parasite faunas of cod, Gadus morhua L. (Teleostei: Gadidae), in the North East Atlantic". Parasites & Vectors. 1 (1): 23. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-1-23. PMC 2503959. PMID 18638387.
- ^ "N.L. funds cod fishery research on 15th anniversary of moratorium". CBC News. 2 July 2007. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
- ^ Freedman, Bill. "Atlantic Cod and its fishery". Codfishes: Atlantic Cod and its fishery, 2008. 3 November 2008 Free Site Search Engine
- ^ Atlantic cod NOAA FishWatch. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- ^ The Associated Press (12 February 2012). "Cod Fishermen's Alarm Outlasts Reprieve on Catch Limits". The New York Times.
- ^ Arctic Fisheries Working Group of ICES, published in the ICES Report AFWG CM 2013, ACOM:05. The estimation method was standard virtual population analysis.
- ^ "Our Products: Atlantic Cod". portunusgroup.com. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- ^ "ICES Stock Database Disclaimer". Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
External links
|Wikispecies has information related to Gadus morhua
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atlantic cod.
- FishBase
- Codtrace
- The Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
- The history of the northern cod fishery in Canada
- ICES recommendation for the North Sea Cod stock (2007)
- ICES recommendation for the North East Arctic Cod stock (2007)
- Reports on the status of Canadian fishing stocks, including cod
- Governmental Norwegian fact sheet on North-East Arctic Cod
- Atlantic cod-Gadus morhua fishery profiles Status of Atlantic cod fisheries, summarised in FisheriesWiki
- "Atlantic cod" at the Encyclopedia of Life
- View the Atlantic cod genome in Ensembl
- Government of Canada Seafisheries Landings
- View the gadMor1 genome assembly in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- Photos of Atlantic cod on Sealife Collection
- IUCN Red List vulnerable species
- Gadus
- Commercial fish
- Fish of the Arctic Ocean
- Marine fish of Europe
- Fish of Europe
- Fish of the North Sea
- Fish of the Baltic Sea
- Fish of Greenland
- Fauna of Newfoundland and Labrador
- Fauna of the Northeastern United States
- Sport fish
- Fish described in 1758
- Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus


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Recently, there has been "much ado" over some employers seeking Facebook password and login information from job applicants. While this practice just recently caught the media's attention, the reality is employers have been using social media to investigate job applicants for years. For example, in 2011, Reppler, a social media monitoring service, conducted a survey of 300 hiring professionals to learn if, when, and how they are using social media to screen job applicants. Specifically, according to the survey, 91% of the recruiters and hiring managers stated they have used social networking sites to screen prospective employees. And, 69% of these recruiters and hiring managers revealed that they have denied employment to job applicants due to something they found on an applicant's social networking site.
Employers, however, should be cautious when using information obtained from social media to make hiring decisions. Though technology has outpaced the law in this area, employers should be sure that the information they receive does not lead them to liability under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), or under various state and federal employment discrimination laws.
Complying With The FCRA: Under the FCRA, employers must provide to job applicants (and employees) a disclosure that a consumer report/background check will be performed, and the employer should obtain the individual's authorization to proceed with the check. Furthermore, the employer must provide notice to the individual if it will take adverse action (not hire the individual, for example), before the employer takes that action. The FCRA also requires an employer to provide a post-adverse action notice as well.
Importantly, the FCRA requirements do not apply to employers who perform their own background checks without using a consumer-reporting agency to obtain the information. Thus, for example, if the employer's own human resources personnel, or if the hiring manager, performs social media research on a job applicant, the FCRA does not apply to those actions. And, of course, there are smartphone applications for this type of research. The FTC warned a few of the companies providing these smartphone applications, but the FTC has not yet determined that an employer's use of these smartphone applications are subject to the FCRA.
Consequently, employers should be sure to understand the requirements and procedures of the FCRA, and consult an employment attorney. Employers should also be sure to monitor the "apps" they are using to learn whether the FTC has opined about a certain smartphone application. Simply, as the law evolves, so must employer behavior.
Watch Out For Discrimination Claims: Employers must also pay close attention to privacy and anti-discrimination laws. For years, employers have been counseled to not invade employee privacy, to not base any employment decisions on protected characteristics, and to avoid unlawful questions during the hiring process. Now, with so many employers conducting pre-employment research on a job applicant's social profile, employers are opening themselves up to discrimination claims under federal, state, and even local laws.
By reviewing social networking profiles and information, employers are learning about job applicants' religious beliefs, marital status, family relationships, race, ethnicity, medical conditions, and other information that cannot be used to make an employment-based decision — information that is considered "taboo." As a result, employers must take care when performing such research. Ultimately, should a discrimination claim arise, the employer will have the burden of proof to demonstrate that the decision to reject a job applicant was based on a legitimate non-discriminatory reason, rather than the fact that the employer learned of the job applicant's sexual orientation, the projected due date of the job applicant's baby, or any other protected characteristic.
One practical method is to only allow someone who is not involved in the hiring of the specific position to be the person who conducts the social media background check. Then, when the social media background check is completed, that person can summarize the job-related information that may be helpful in considering the applicant, and can make no mention of the "protected" information (race, religion, medical condition, etc.) that would otherwise get the employer into trouble. This way, the hiring manager, or ultimate decision-maker, receives only the job-related information, and can demonstrate that the information unknown to him or her had nothing to do with the decision to hire another candidate.
Furthermore, before the job opening is even posted, employers should be clear about what they are really looking for in a social media background check, and whether it is necessary for the particular position. For example, the importance and extent of a social media background may depend on the position the company needs to fill (for example, a CFO position versus a seasonal stockroom employee). Certainly, employers should doing enough pre-hiring due diligence to avoid potential claims of negligent hiring, but they must balance those concerns with finding out information that exposes them to liability for discrimination.
About Those Requests For Login/Password Information: As recently reported, some employers have gone much further than just simple web surfing to research job candidates. Some have started to ask job applicants to provide the company with their Facebook username and password, and/or to require applicants to login to their Facebook accounts during an in-person interview.
In response to the spotlight on these news reports, Senators Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) and Charles E. Schumer (D-NY) have requested the Department of Justice (DOJ) to determine if these employer requests violate the federal Stored Communications Act (SCA) or the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). Generally, the SCA, 18 U.S.C. § 2701, prohibits intentional access to electronic information without authorization or intentionally exceeding that authorization, and the CFAA, 18 U.S.C. § 1030(a)(2)(C), prohibits intentional access to a computer to obtain information without authorization. They also asked the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to determine whether employers who request login/password information are violating anti-discrimination statutes.
State legislators, including those in California, Illinois, Maryland and New Jersey, have also jumped on the bandwagon and have introduced legislation that aims to prohibit this practice. For example, in California, on March 27, 2012 Senator Leland Yee, D-San Francisco, introduced the "Social Media Privacy Act" (SB 1349) to the legislature. Senator Yee's proposal would add new sections to the California Labor Code and Education Code prohibiting private and public colleges, universities, and employers from "requiring, or formally requesting in writing, a student or an employee, or a prospective student or employee, to disclose the user name or account password for a personal social media account, or to otherwise provide the institution or employer with access to any content of that account." While this piece of legislation is a bit too simple, and will likely need to be refined, the law is attempting to catch up with technology in this area.
In general, employers should think twice, and consult an employment attorney, before establishing a practice of requiring employees and applicants to turn over login information. And, though the law is evolving in this specific area, employers should understand that such a practice might have many "non-legal" ramifications, like, the company losing talented employees and/or potential employees who refuse to give access to social media login credentials. Furthermore, such policies may lead to lower employee morale and distrust, and other issues that will be explored in future posts concerning social media and employment law.
Information provided on this website is not legal advice, nor should you act on anything stated in this article without conferring with the Author or other legal counsel regarding your specific situation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Q&A: Dr. Gail Wyatt, Sex Therapist, Expert in Black Women's Sexuality
April marks Sexual Assault Awareness Month, and National Sexual Assault Prevention Day occurs on April 20. To recognize these observances, we spoke with leading psychologist and sex therapist Gail Wyatt, Ph.D., associate director of the UCLA AIDS Institute and an expert in Black women's sexuality. She is also the author of Stolen Women: Reclaiming Our Sexuality, Taking Back Our Lives.
Dr. Wyatt shared her thoughts about Black women's sexuality as well as her research showing that women who were sexually assaulted during their childhood are twice as likely as other women to contract HIV/AIDS later in life.
Please address the stereotype that Black women with HIV must have "done something" -- such as being promiscuous -- to get it.
The majority of women with HIV are not IV-drug users. They are women who generally have one partner at a time. Many of the women who contract HIV did not know that their partner was engaging in risky behavior -- which is having unprotected sex -- with someone else. If they did know, they may have been economically dependent on him, or connected by marriage or children, so they did not insist on using condoms.
Women find themselves in relationships with men all the time that they think they can trust. They might decide to have unprotected sex in order to have children. Others may be in denial -- they might suspect that their partner has outside partners or is a drug user, but they have unprotected sex anyway. Or sometimes men don't want to use condoms and turn the tables on their women, insinuating that if they insist on using condoms, they must be the ones cheating. For many women the need to be in a relationship overrides the need to protect themselves.
Many people think that Black women are not exercising any control over their sex lives, and it isn't true; that's not how this disease is being driven. It's being passed along through relationships. Or it's being passed along by people with multiple sex partners who don't have health care or don't trust doctors or don't listen to their physicians when they tell them they're putting themselves at risk.
Is there a racial double standard?
Absolutely! It all goes back to the original stereotype -- that Black women are "hos." ... More White women have health care or are more likely to come out of families with healthy patterns. They're used to going to the doctor, and they have access -- no matter their sexual behaviors.
Your research shows that Black women who experienced sexual abuse during their childhood are more likely to get HIV. Why is that?
Being forced to have sex creates this thought in the minds of many women that it's okay for their partner to tell them when to have sex, how to have it, and whether or not they can talk about it with him or anybody else. After all, that was more than likely the woman's experience when she was abused, and she may not have gotten psychological help to undo this damage.
A woman who has been abused -- and who hasn't sought some kind of psychological help for it -- often learns not to value her body, and this may cause her not to protect herself by using condoms. And you can't just teach people how to use condoms: They have to understand why they should: because their lives are valuable. Having been victimized, they may not feel that way.
If you have experienced sexual trauma, what steps can you take to heal so that you're not at greater risk for HIV?
The most important thing is that you must talk about your abuse with a trained professional. Feeling as if you can't control your body -- or that you are worth less than you are -- must be dealt with. Since most people who have experienced such abuse don't tell and don't have health care or access to health care professionals who are trained to deal with these issues, they never get the help they need. Many turn to drugs and alcohol -- ways of numbing the pain -- and this puts them at further risk for having unprotected sex. Talking to someone about what you experienced allows them to help you pick apart the myths and help you restore feelings of worth. And when you feel good about yourself, you don't put yourself in positions that will negatively impact your life.
Help is available if you are currently experiencing sexual violence or have experienced sexual abuse in your past. If you are in immediate danger, dial 911 now. Otherwise, consult a therapist; call 800-656-HOPE (4673), the toll-free hotline of the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN); or chat with a trained expert via RAINN's National Sexual Assault Online Hotline.
Tomika Anderson is a freelance writer based in Brooklyn, New York. Her work has appeared in Essence_,_ POZ_,_ Real Health and Ebony magazines, among others.


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Law Library: Special Collections
The McDaniel Law and Literature Fund began in 1993 to assist and enhance instruction in the subject area "law and literature" through the purchase of books and other materials, as well as for the provision of supplementary funds for expenses related to its teaching. The course has been taught by various visiting and Golden Gate University faculty as schedules and time permits. In 1996, Mrs. D. Jamison McDaniel gave a supplementary gift to the law school for the purchase of books, materials, and equipment for the teaching of a Law & Film course, and gave yet another supplemental gift in 2005.
Mission Statement
The law library will actively collect books, videos and DVDs to support the Law & Literature and Law & Film courses in pursuit of (a) the best literary works that portray the practice and substance of the legal profession, (b) the body of law that enjoys literary status due to its importance in history and/or its outstanding contribution to legal literature, and (c) the classics of legal literature. The broad emphasis of selection will be on Anglo-American law and legal literature, but some foreign or international materials may be considered if a comparative analysis will be considered useful by the course instructor(s). The selections should be in English or English-language translations.
Selection Guidelines
The McDaniel Fund supports the "Law & Literature" and "Law & Film" courses. Selectors should meet with the current professors of these courses for input on purchases. The Law & Literature aspects will focus primarily on literary monographs, with supplemental scholarly literary criticism and history. Popular fiction and treatment should for the most part be avoided, unless there is a consensus among the selectors that such an item is indeed "literary" -- writings having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest. The Law & Film collection will contain monographs appropriate to the study of the law and film, as well as videos and other materials deemed suitable by the selectors in consultation with the instructor.
The materials purchased with these funds will be made available first and foremost to those students enrolled in Law & Literature and Law & Film courses. Access by other university students will be allowed only after the course needs are met.
Materials available in the Law Library
Law and Literature:
- Fiction
- Literary Criticism
- The Relationship Between Law and Literature
- Law In Literature
- Periodicals
Law and Film:
"...I have an abiding faith in the fairness of the great mass of American people who I believe will unite in support of a leadership which has for its objective the establishment of a society where social equality and economic stability are not only Utopian theories but realities..."
-from an address delivered at a seminar for Trade Union Leaders on September 7th, 1957, entitled, "The Courts and the Constitution."
We gratefully acknowledge the donation of materials by Jesse Carter's grandson, Mr. Scott Carter.
Justice Jesse W. Carter of the California Supreme Court
Jesse W. Carter graduated from Golden Gate College of Law in 1913 and served as Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court from 1939 until his death in 1959. The Jesse Carter collection at Golden Gate University School of Law consists of copies of speeches given and articles written throughout his career, photographs, newspaper clippings, case files, and a painted portrait. Our archive of digital materials are on our Digital Commons.
The Jesse Carter Collection on our Digital Commons
Other Materials of Interest
- 14 Cal 2d 179 (1939) concerns Carter's appointment to the bench.
- An extensive biography of Jesse Carter appears in Justices of California, 1900-1950, Volume II by J. Edward Johnson (1966), which includes discussion of his legal career, his dissents, his love of the outdoors, and "The Battle of Carter's Dam." The footnotes provide references to numerous newspaper articles.
- The 35th Annual Report of the American Civil Liberties Union, July 1, 1954 - June 30, 1955 refers to Jesse Carter on page 57.
- California Supreme Court Historical Society
- We are grateful to the editorial staff of University of California Press for granting permission to post the following article by Corrine Lathrop Gilb: Justice Jesse W. Carter, An American Individualist, 29 Pacific Historical Review 145 (1960).
- The Political Graveyard has an entry for Jesse W. Carter.
- The Josephine Creek Lodge in the Trinity Wilderness was formerly the private estate of Jesse W. Carter.
Case Files
The physical collection includes the following case files:
- People v Carter, 1958. Stemming from county filing to abate a public nuisance, i.e., the water level held by the dam on Judge Carter's property in San Anselmo, California. Includes pleadings, depositions, court transcriptions. Also includes a report from a private investigator in the matter of a speeding ticket incurred by Judge Carter.
- People v. Carter, Traffic complaint, May 8, 1958.
- Carter v. Kern, 1959. Stemming from the sale of property, easement and maintenance of access road, water tank, and other matters.
The files also include an extensive collection of newspaper articles surrounding the incident of "Carter's Dam," which have been digitized and are available on our Digital Commons. Please contact the Law Library for access to materials that are not available electronically.


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NORTON, Mass. – In its final game of the regular season, the MIT men's soccer team fell to Wheaton College, 5-0, on Saturday afternoon. The loss drops the Engineers to 8-7-0 (2-4-0 NEWMAC) and gives them the No. 5 seed in NEWMAC Tournament. The Cardinal and Gray will travel to No. 4 WPI for a first round game on Wednesday, Nov. 2 at 6:00 p.m. The Lyons (9-7-2, 4-2-0 NEWMAC) secured the No. 3 seed and will face No. 2 seed Springfield College in the semifinals.
David Turina picked up two assists while Rory McGonigle tallied a goal and also assisted on Conor Finn's second goal of the season. MIT's best scoring opportunity was on a strike by senior Zach Kabelac (Potomac, Md.) early in the game.
Travis Blair staked the Lyons to a 1-0 lead 26:12 into the match with his eighth goal of the season. Will Nesbitt sent a pass to Blair in the box, and he deposited his shot into the lower right corner. The half closed with the home team holding an 8-5 edge in shots.
Five minutes into the second stanza, the Lyons took advantage of their second corner kick opportunity of the afternoon and made the score 2-0. Turino lofted the ball into the box that Blair headed past senior goalkeeper Dylan Rankin (Providence, R.I.) at 50:46.
Fifteen minutes later, Federico Kelly scored off a free kick from midfield by Turino to push the lead to 3-0. McGonigle's second goal of the season came off a blast from 25 yards out that struck an MIT player and found its way inside the left post at 75:43. Finn capped the scoring when he took a breakaway feed from McGonigle and scored into the right side of the net at 76:54.
The Lyons finished the match with a 17-9 advantage in shots and a slight 3-2 edge in corner kicks. Wheaton freshman goalkeeper Devin Delfino made one save in 79:45 of action before being replaced by Jeff Paer. Rankin made one save and was removed with 20 minutes left in the match in favor of freshman Samuel Cannon (Scarsdale, N.Y.) who finished with one save.
Release Courtesy of Wheaton College Sports Information


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The CCRI Knights men's soccer team welcomed the Cougars of Holyoke Community College, from Holyoke, MA to the CCRI soccer complex located on the CCRI Flanagan campus in Lincoln. The Knights defeated the Cougars 5-0. With the victory the Knights improve to 1-5 on the season and 1-2 in Region XXI play.
The Knights came out with their new formation to face Holyoke. Tri-Captain goalkeeper Rob Gallucci (Coventry, RI) was back for this game after being injured in the game against Monroe over the weekend. Head Coach Gabe Toro has been trying several players in different positions to see what works best. Coach Toro has been lucky to have a very versatile team that can make these adjustments. The team itself also has been learning to trust each other and the roles they have out on the field. In the first half Adam Corey (North Kingstown, RI) scored a goal assisted by Luis Duarte (Pawtucket, RI), after Corey made a great run across the middle that broke him into the open field giving the Knights a 1-0 lead. The Knights took that 1-0 lead into halftime. At the half Coach Toro instructed the Knights to clean up their play because the score reflected the direction the game started to turn for the Knights. Sloppy play in the middle made it difficult to create scoring opportunities.
In the second half the players collected themselves and were able to be more clinical in their play. Junior Robert (Providence, RI) was one of the versatile players that Coach Toro was utilizing in the midfield this game, but at about the 20-minute mark in the second half Coach Toro moved him up to the forward position for the Knights. From there, Junior went off scoring four goals before the end of the game. The first goal came from an assist from Justin Kue (West Warwick, RI), who played a great game in the middle. The next goal came from a through ball from Tri-Captain Chris Fernandes (Cranston, RI). On the third goal Robert got hungry inside the area and was aggressive as he pulled a mini bicycle kick to put the ball in the back of the net after it bounced in the box. On his last goal Junior Robert just plain worked hard to dribble and overpower the Holyoke defense for his final tally of the day giving the Knights the well-deserved 5-0 victory.
"All in all we continue to improve" Coach Toro commented and he is hoping to get all his players back healthy for their big Region XXI conference game versus Dean College Tuesday October 1st at 3:30pm.
The Community College of Rhode Island, New England's largest comprehensive community college, enrolls nearly 18,000 students in credit courses and thousands more in non-credit and job training classes. Its athletic program boasts 12 varsity programs and an academic support program for all student-athletes.
This page developed and maintained by CCRI Athletics. Send comments and suggestions to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Tag Archives: bunyan
Honors Texts for Literature and Composition
Honors Texts for Literature and Composition (E2) The Honors Track for Literature and Composition involves additional reading and writing, which is described in the study guide. Another way you can use the honors texts is if you've already read a focus text for a module, … Continue reading
Posted in Bookstore, E2-Resources Tagged bunyan, c.s. lewis, civil disobedience, country of the pointed firs, defoe, dumas, eil, emerson, further adventures of robinson crusoe, g.k. chesterton, grace abounding to the chief of sinners, honors texts, jonah, kim, king john, literature and composition, man in the iron mask, manalive, merchant of venice, rob roy, rudyard kipling, sarah orne jewett, screwtape letters, self-reliance, shakespeare, sir walter scott, swiss family robinson, thoreau, three musketeers, wyss Comments Off on Honors Texts for Literature and Composition


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They appear on the sidewalk on the other side of the East Warner Avenue chain-link fence at about 4 every afternoon. A three-inch-thick, six-foot-long sleeping pad awaits them inside the Santa Ana National Guard armory. On this night, at least for the next 12 hours, it will be home.
It is that time of year again.
The Armory Emergency Shelter Program, which annually provides up to 400 beds for homeless men, women and families from early December to late March, opened for business Monday at armories in Santa Ana and Fullerton. And the business, sadly, is thriving.
We all have our beliefs and ideas about the homeless. Over the years, I've heard most of them. The message here, though, is spend even a bit of an evening at one of the armories. It will shake you. It will, trust me, have you saying, even if only a small one, a prayer of thanks – both for your good fortune and that there are people and organizations around us who are willing to work so hard and so selflessly on behalf of the least among us.
You will meet people like Mark Arrington, 58, who was third on line when I arrived this particular night. He has been homeless since age 11, he says. He makes no bones about his mental illness, proudly pulling a tall, half-empty prescription bottle of pills from his coat pocket, the only things, he says, that keeps him from babbling helplessly in the gutter.
"This will probably be my last night here," he says. "It depresses me."
He has tired of playing hide-and-seek with the Santa Ana police at night, tired of them writing him expensive citations for sleeping in public, tired of them picking him up and jailing him when he fails to pay the fines he has no way of paying.
"It depresses me to see the young people here, the children, the babies, sick people, the old people. I don't want to be here to see that, but I have no choice."
His words resonate as the first large bus filled with homeless people collected from the Santa Ana Civic Center pulls up. They file out, laden with their bags, their eyes both expectant and sad. Tired.
There are young men, young women, elderly pushing walkers. One man in dingy, filthy clothes resembles Santa Claus. A woman clutches a newborn to her chest. You wonder for long moments in which country you might be standing.
I follow them inside where I am greeted by Julia Bidwell, deputy director of Orange County Community Services, and Patti Long, director of operations for Mercy House, the homeless shelter organization that oversees the program at the Santa Ana and Fullerton armories.
They served 73 people on the first night, Monday. In Fullerton, about 100 people sought shelter. Last year, the two armories averaged 157 people a night over the four months.
The men and women enter in a single line, past a table where three security guards who will be on duty for the night search their bags. They are then ushered through a metal detector.
On the concrete floor of the armory lies a sea or very large lake of the thin black sleeping pads. Not an inch separates them. The men and women grab a small plastic bowl filled with popcorn, and make their way to their pad for the night.
"The basic thing here is security," Patti Long says. "Maybe it is not ideal, but otherwise they would be sleeping in the cold tonight on the streets."
A hot meal will be served at 7 p.m. Showers will then become available along with donated clothing for those who need it. Nonprofit groups offering drug and alcohol addiction counseling, health and mental health services will arrive later in the evening.
I am mesmerized by a young couple who have entered the armory with their infant child. I don't know whether to be angry or whether to offer them a couple of bucks.
Once they are registered and their needs assessed, Julia Bidwell says, they will be transported to a nearby church that has agreed to take in families with young children. There may be as many as 30 people sleeping at the church tonight, she said.
"It is not faceless people when you come to the armory," Patti Long says as we watch people take their places. "You see the problem we are trying to address up close. You see it is not a faceless problem."
Two staff volunteers, the security guards and two national guardsmen will keep watch over them on this night. The lights will turn on at 6 a.m. There will be coffee and a breakfast snack available. The homeless will then be ushered back onto the buses.
It is almost dinner time when I start to leave. Those assembled sit or lie on their pads. They say nothing.
"We need to provide an answer," Patti Long says as I bid her farewell. "That answer is housing."
As I pull out of the armory parking lot, a man lies, his head resting on his hands like a baby, near the chain link fence in the middle of the sidewalk.
The answer, if there is one, will not arrive soon enough.
Contact the writer: firstname.lastname@example.com or 714-796-2265


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To be fair, as much as I agree that there are far too many medals, Butterfly is bloody hard
To be fair, as much as I agree that there are far too many medals, Butterfly is bloody hard
Originally Posted by Axl Rose
RIP Craigos. A true CW legend. You will be missed.
However, the fact butterfly is hard is why it should be got rid of. Why time the fastest at doing something deliberately made difficult when there are a number of ways of doing it faster and more efficiently?
If I only just posted the above post, please wait 5 mins before replying as there will be edits
West Robham Rabid Wolves Caedere lemma quod eat lemma
Nah, it's a kosher sport, surely.. Not mainstream, but I don't see why it shouldn't be included.. The final had one of the greatest performances seen in this Olympics by an Athlete who isn't in the pool and American...
My list..
Baseball (stick to the USA)
Football (stick to the World Cup)
Thats about it really..
What's the deal with dressage? Unless you paid the GDP per person of a middle income country for your education what are the odds you will ever participate in it?
That being said, fans of Swimming over Athletics could perhaps make the same arguments of events such as Hurdles and Steeplechase and could probably make a case against the Triple Jump. But I love all those events so...
Thread went down bizarrely rapidly after the opening post for mine.
Can't stand beach volleyball (as previously mentioned: it's soft porn pretending to be a sport), but recognise the point of marketing it at the Olympics. That's the key point people are missing here imo - at the Olympics a person can find the sport appealing to his or her own tastes, as opposed to the rest of the calendar year when one has to go out of one's way to avoid football. So talking of removing sports based on their own personal distaste makes little sense, as someone else (in case of handball, three quarters of Europe) will like it and that's the reason it made it in the first place.
Not sold on taekwondo as a sport though. (And this comes from someone who used to train it.) Just a mixture of various martial arts conveniently created for Korean nationalistic purposes. Also played with so much protective equipment that the umpire has the final say.
A follower of the schools of Machiavelli, Bentham, Locke, Hobbes, Sutcliffe, Bradman, Lindwall, Miller, Hassett, Benaud and Thunberg
I had a glimpse of Eureka
Chewing me up, chewing me up and spitting me out
-jected, I was rejected
I wasn't good enough to be elected
Lava, it was like lava
Moving through my body like fire
Gaaah! Dragged down to their level!
Look there are millions of sports out there. Anyone who likes them can make a case for them.
I mentioned sports I enjoy that I dont think should be there. It isnt realy about personal preference.
Handball goes as the game is as shallow as a puddle, repetetive and looks like designed by a 6 year old with no imagination. There are obviously players that are better than others but I cant se anything that makes handball players particularly skillful. Every attack follows the same pattern and the players dont look right in their outfits. England have signed a small group of people to learn the game in 4 years and be competetive in 2012. Any time you can hope a small group of people with no experience can get to top level in 4 years doesnt say much for the sport.
I wouldnt also care if triple and pole vault went (and I was a triple jumper). Though I would love the mile added. Its an easy 4 laps of the track and 1500m is so awkward.
There are so many sports in the Olympics. Its great to see the cull beginning with softball removed for 2012.
Anyone can make a case for any sport but I dont want to see bicyle jousting in there, just as I dont want to see beach voleyball.
Actualy, Id be tempted to take all team sports out apart from Basketball and Volleyball. Goodbye to football, handball, baseball, softball etc and also Id get rid of Tennis (another tacky add-on).
Can sort of see your point on the tactical side of the game (though the use of the line player keeps the defenders from man marking), but that applies to every team sport with a ball - you go up, keep control of the ball until you lose it or take a shot. The closest comparison is basketball, which suffers from obvious problems: opportunity to stand offside for three seconds (with ditto judgment calls), bizarre point scoring, shots that miss by a foot and hit the back plate are better than shots that miss by an inch and bounce over, and missing the second free throw is better than sinking it.
I don't get why the rowing has all of these short distances (seemingly up to 2k), yet there's no endurance row - similarly with swimming. Both sports at the olympics seem to have hundreds of sprint type events, but no tests of endurance. Where's the 20k swim or the 20k row? Completely different test of skill from sprinting events which seem 10 a penny in both sports.
Or are these just not shown on the box and I'm barking up the wrong tree?
Plus, handball should be taken out. Rubbish.
Fascist Dictator of the Heath Davis Appreciation Society
Supporting Petone's Finest since the very start - Iain O'Brien
Also Supporting the All Time #1 Batsman of All Time Ever - Jacques Kallis and the much maligned Peter Siddle.
Vimes tells it how it is:
Marathon swimming (10 km) is reintroduced this year and will be held for the first time in ages on Wednesday.
Ok, to start off with, I'm pretty much in agreement with those that say that sports that need judges shouldn't be there. As for the team sports, most of them aren't the pinnacle of their sports so they shouldn't be there. Get rid of:
Diving - needs to be judged and it's not really apparent what happened until you watch the slow motion replay.
Synchronised Swimming - a complete joke. It's dancing in the water. Ridiculous.
Water Polo - Handball in the water, do we need both? And seriously, who cares anyway?
Race Walking - WTF is this? It's the Bob Cunis of sport - neither one thing nor the other.
Baseball - Not a world sport, and the "World Series" is the pinnacle anyway.
Equestrian - Despite our proud record in this, the Olympics is for humans.
Football - weird player eligibility rules and not even close to approaching the world cup in importance.
Judo and Taekwondo - why should these particular martial arts be preferred over myriad others?
Modern Pentathlon - just plain silly. Anyway, if we were to stick to the rationale for including it in the first place, it'd involve driving tanks, flying attack helicopters, sneaking around in the dark, humiliating prisoners of war and inadvertently killing your allies.
Softball - Same rationale as baseball. I'm also at a loss to explain why it's included for women but not men.
Tennis, both regular and table - No professional values Olympic gold over Wimbledon or the US Open, and table tennis is a leisure activity, not a sport. Why not have Olympic Fussball, Snooker and Air Hockey while you're at it?
Beach Volleyball - Where's beach cricket/rugby/soccer? Taking the piss this is.
Of the other controversial sports, I'd keep Gymnastics and Handball, although I'm not sure why. Oh, and keep cricket and rugby far, far away.
EDIT: good to note that baseball and softball are both gone from the London Games.
Last edited by 16 tins of Spam; 18-08-2008 at 04:29 PM.
Member of the Newtown Cricket Club - "Per commissum ad taberna"
Honorary Vice-President of the "Twenty20 Is Boring Society"
Good to see that my three, beach volleyball, synchronised swimming and the walking race, have already been mentioned. Also not really a fan of rhythmic gymnastics, although that might just be because it comes after the much more impressive artistic gymnastics stuff and looks really average in comparison. People dancing with ribbons. Great.
Any sport that is decided by judges etc... Too open to cheating by officials. Also half of the swimming events, as awesome as Phelps is its quite absurd he was in the position to win eight gold medals in the first place. Most sports have very few medals and swimming is just a joke.
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vlad 1.1.0
Vlad the Deployer is pragmatic application deployment automation, without mercy. Much like Capistrano, but with 1/10th the complexity. Vlad integrates seamlessly with Rake, and uses familiar and standard tools like ssh and rsync. Impale your application on the heartless spike of the Deployer. == FEATURES/PROBLEMS: * Full deployment automation stack. * Turnkey deployment for mongrel+apache+svn. * Supports single server deployment with just 3 variables defined. * Built on rake. Easy. Engine is small. * Very few dependencies. All simple. * Uses ssh with your ssh settings already in place. * Uses rsync for efficient transfers. * Run remote commands on one or more servers. * Mix and match local and remote tasks. * Compatible with all of your tab completion shell script rake-tastic goodness. * Ships with tests that actually pass in 0.028 seconds! * Does NOT support Windows right now (we think). Coming soon in 1.2.


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IT'S NOT OFTEN AN engineer sees his work become a cultural phenomenon. But not everyone has the vision to create the Apple iPod®. On any given day, Tony Fadell (BSE CE '91) sees his innovation tucked in teenagers' pockets, attached to joggers' arms and plugged into vehicles everywhere. Fadell, senior vice president of the iPod Division at Apple Computer, has watched the portable digital music player he helped create become a household word and an omnipresent entry on wish lists around the world.
Fadell, who's filed more than 30 patents throughout his career, has been an innovator and entrepreneur since his early days at the College of Engineering where, by his own admission, he was a good student but not a great one. "I only applied myself if I was interested in what I was doing," he said. "I had the opportunity to take a lot of project-based classes and work on University projects outside of classes, and that learning allowed me to explore what I wanted to explore."
He had help along the way, including long-lasting counsel and friendship with Elliot Soloway, an Arthur F. Thurnau Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. "It was more than just mentoring," said Fadell. "He and I would just talk about ideas more as peers."
Those impromptu get-togethers fed a lifelong curiosity — he'd been fascinated with how things work since the age of four, when his grandfather taught him how to change electrical plugs. It was a pivotal event that underscored the belief that a little learning can be a dangerous thing. "My parents were afraid that I'd burn down the house or electrocute myself," he said. That early lesson also pointed out that risk — major or minor — wouldn't stand in the way of Fadell's never-ending educational process. "You have to continue to learn to be a great engineer outside of school, both technically and personally" he said.
After graduating, Fadell traded Michigan's cold for California's heat and plunged into Silicon Valley in 1991, where he lent his considerable talents to several communications and electronics firms before founding Fuse Systems, Inc., in 1999. It was there that Fadell began to ponder a problem: Digital music was stuck on compact discs or in the computer. He wanted to develop ways to free that content. Fuse didn't make it very far, but his effort there led him to an opportunity at Apple Computer.
In February 2001, working as a contractor, Fadell was brought in to "develop the best portable product in the world to take your music where you want to go." It would be unlike portable CD players as it had no moving parts and fit in a pocket.
With that goal in mind, he turned the music world upside-down. Apple Computer hired Fadell in April 2001 to run its Special Projects engineering group. The iPod, as it was called, launched in October 2001, became a marketing phenomenon.
Even Fadell was surprised at the success of the iPod. "When we started, who knew it would be such a success? When you're in this industry, you see that very few things become successful, let alone this successful."
Fadell was promoted to vice president of iPod engineering in 2004. In 2005, he became senior vice president of the iPod Division, overseeing all aspects of iPod business.
He said that his job, today, is really about "creating great teams that create great products."
It's also a job that doesn't leave him much free time. But he and his wife, Danielle, vice president of human resources at Apple, eke out the occasional vacation and return to Michigan annually to visit Fadell's family. A book lover by nature, he manages to squeeze in a number of good reads, preferring biographies and business titles. And fitness gets a fair shake — Fadell tries to fit in morning jogs or weightlifting and occasionally finds ways to indulge in some road biking and downhill skiing, individual sports that give him a chance to listen to music and do some thinking about work. "When you love what you do," said Fadell, "it's hard to tear yourself away from it."
The iPod represents the perfect combination of two of Fadell's passions: engineering and music. He's a regular at live concerts and continues to expand the extensive music collection he started as a child. Although there isn't an iPod around that can house the 160 gigabytes of digital music Fadell has stored, you can bet he's dreaming up ways to make it happen.
- Michigan Engineer (College of Engineering)


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About Custom Wine Hang Tags — Apothecary Deluxe
Apothecary Deluxe wine hangtags are printed on one side, and are blank white on the back. You have the option to add black ink text on the back for a small charge—just ask! Wine hang tags are printed on extra-thick cover weight white paper and come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including the basic square, a scallop-edged circle, ovals, and other shapes. Wine hangtags come pre-punched with a small round hole to thread your choice of tie material. They are punched out individually and packaged as a set in small bags.


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Exercising the fundamental human right to invent new things and speaking out against the powers that restrain it.
posted by Jackson Lenford at 1:20 PM
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The freedom to create is an essential
human right, with us since time immemorial. For most of
world history, an individual could
invent at will, using any idea that they encountered or that occurred independently to them. Today, this right has been deeply
eroded. Right to Create is dedicated to exposing
the abuses of patent and copyright systems, demonstrating that limiting the power of the
Intellectual Property Regime will
result in a better world for inventors, industry, individuals, and society as a whole.
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Bedlam South
State Street Press, 2008 - Psychiatric hospital patients - 308 pages
What people are saying - Write a review
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LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - bnbookgirl - LibraryThing
Definitely an enjoyable tale about the Civil War and its tolls on the people fighting and left behind. Bedlam South is an insane asylum in Mississippi and the novel ends there. The story begins in an ... Read full review
LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - zibilee - LibraryThing
Bedlam South is a thrilling and evocative triple tale of the action and and atrocities of the Civil War as told by its participants. Zeke and Billy, two brothers enlisted in the army of northern ... Read full review
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A. P. Hill ain't Albert Ana's arms army baby battle Battle of Gettysburg Bedlam South Bethlem Royal Hospital Billy Gibson Billy's boys brigade brother Calhoun County camp Capitol Square Captain Percy Chimborazo Hospital coffin ship Confederate crowd Dang Daniel dead door Dougall Enan eyes face Federal fight fire Forbred Gettysburg gonna grabbed grin guard Guy Mannering hand handlers head hope hospital Hurdle Jefferson Davis Joseph Bryarly kill knew looked Luther Mary Beth Michael Mississippi Momma moved Nate nearby never night nodded officers patients Percy's Pirou Point Lookout prisoners quickly reckon Richmond Ricky rifle screamed Sergeant Cawley shoulder shouted Skeeter smiled soldiers stared Steven stood stopped sure talking tell Thomas O'Malley told trying turned wagon waiting walked watched Weller west wing What's whispered Wingate Asylum woman wounded y'all Yankee Yanks Zeke asked Zeke's Zouaves


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Five Reasons for HSLDA
March 3–7, 2014 | Vol. 118, Week 13
Are you considering joining HSLDA, but are uncertain as to what assistance your family will receive and the benefits involved? This week, Mike Smith explains just how HSLDA protects your right to homeschool and provides an abundance of guidance and resources to assist in your homeschooling journey.
"Behind HSLDA is a strongly rooted desire to serve the homeschooling community in whatever way we can."—Mike Smith
This Week's Offer
Thinking about homeschooling but aren't sure where to start?
Order your free copy of You Can Homeschool—a great resource that answers all your questions!
For information on your state's homeschool laws click here.
Maybe you've heard of the Home School Legal Defense Association, but you aren't entirely sure just how they help your ability to homeschool? Well, be sure to listen in to this week's edition of Home School Heartbeat, with your host and president of HSLDA, Mike Smith.
Mike Smith: Out of the many reasons to join Home School Legal Defense Association, I'd like to focus today on the protection you have by being an HSLDA member. HSLDA is dedicated to protecting homeschool freedom, nationally and in every state. Our team of attorneys consists entirely of homeschooling parents, and many of them are also homeschool graduates. It's just one of the big reasons we value homeschooling so much—we personally have seen the success of homeschooling, and it's why we are on standby 24/7 to help protect your family's ability to homeschool.
Each year we give thousands of homeschooling families legal advice or representation, and we've gone to court for a wide range of issues dealing with both homeschooling and parental rights. HSLDA also lobbies on behalf of homeschooling. Whether on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., or in state legislatures, or even in the media, we make sure everybody knows the truth about homeschooling and its benefits.
We keep you up to date on the latest issues, such as the recent Common Core debate, to keep you informed about issues that might affect homeschooling freedom. You can read about all this and more in our member's quarterly magazine, The Home School Court Report.
And until next time, I'm Mike Smith.
Mike Smith: Homeschoolers sometimes face discrimination, and Home School Legal Defense Association is on a mission to prevent discrimination against homeschoolers as much as is possible! We regularly deal with cases where homeschoolers are discriminated against while applying to scholarships, colleges, jobs, or the military. We've also tackled cases for homeschoolers trying to get their driver's licenses, veteran's affairs, and social security benefits. Because our attorneys are so familiar with the state laws about homeschooling, oftentimes all it takes to solve these problems is a simple explanatory phone call or letter on behalf of our member to the offending party.
It worked for homeschoolers in Louisiana, who were banned from entering an art festival, but the art festival officials quickly reversed their decision after we contacted them.
If a call or letter isn't enough, we often go to court—just like we have been on behalf of homeschoolers for over 30 years.
All of this is just another reason why you should join HSLDA: we prevent and eliminate discrimination that might come against you for homeschooling.
And until next time, I'm Mike Smith.
Mike Smith: We here at Home School Legal Defense Association are more than just lawyers successfully fighting for homeschool and parental rights across the country. Behind HSLDA is a strongly rooted desire to serve the homeschooling community in whatever way we can. Because of that, a sizable part of HSLDA works to equip your family to homeschool according to your needs. Our staff includes a number of consultants who can help guide you through homeschooling students of all ages, from toddlers to high schoolers.
We also have staff specifically for struggling learners and children with special needs. These consultants are ready to help our members, free of charge, with whatever questions they may have. And if you just need a listening ear, well, our consultants are happy to oblige! Check out our Struggling Learners, Toddlers to Tweens, and High School pages at hslda.org for more information.
Through our PerX program, we provide our members with discounts on travel, educational materials, marriage conferences, and we also have an online bookstore overflowing with homeschooling resources that we know will serve you.
Visit our website at hslda.org, for more information.
And until next time, I'm Mike Smith.
Mike Smith: Not only is homeschooling a huge responsibility for the parent, but sometimes it can be a financial burden for families who are facing hardship. Home School Legal Defense Association has a branch dedicated to help those in need. It's called the Home School Foundation. We've been helping families since 1999. The Foundation's mission is simple: "to bless homeschoolers and the cause of homeschooling."
Thanks to the generous private donations, we've been able to aid a wide array of homeschoolers in the midst of hard times: widows, disaster victims, families in distress over job loss, single-parent households, struggling military families, families with special needs, and more. We have 10 different funds, which include funds for curriculum relief and widows. If you're a homeschooler in hardship, go to homeschoolfoundation.org to apply for a grant.
And if you have a heart to give to homeschoolers who need financial help, please let us know. Your donations are tax-deductible and will help homeschoolers homeschool through hard times. To learn more about the Home School Foundation, just visit homeschoolfoundation.org.
And until next time, I'm Mike Smith.
Mike Smith: At Home School Legal Defense Association, we aren't content to keep things the way they are if they can be improved. Not only do we go to bat for homeschooling freedom in the legal and public arenas, but we're always trying to find new resources to serve our members better. In the past year alone, we've incorporated a new transcript tool that we're really excited about. It saves our members with high schoolers some time and stress so they can look forward to graduation without having to worry about any high school transcript headaches.
We've also added an automatic renew membership option, and have revamped our application to be compatible with mobile devices. We've also added a whole new section to our website about the Common Core. If you have any questions about the Common Core and what its effects on homeschooling are, come check out our website at hslda.org/commoncore! We also offer online high school AP courses in U.S. government, economics, literature, calculus, and more through our Patrick Henry College Preparatory Academy. And now, if your friends sign up for courses based on your recommendations, you can earn rewards! Go to phcprep.org to learn more!
And of course, we're always adding new publications and products to our bookstore. We've got everything from t-shirts for kids of all ages to graduation supplies to curriculum.
And until next time, I'm Mike Smith.
Mike Smith
Michael Smith and his wife Elizabeth, along with Michael Farris and his wife, Vicki, incorporated Home School Legal Defense Association in 1983 and were the original board members. Mike grew up in Arkansas, graduated from the University of Arkansas where he played basketball, majoring in business administration. Upon graduation, he entered the U.S. Navy and served three years before attending law school at the University of San Diego.
In 1972, he was admitted to the bar in California and also has been admitted to the Supreme Court of the United States. He is licensed in Virginia, California, and Washington, D.C.
Mike and his family began homeschooling because their 5-year-old flunked kindergarten. This was quite a disappointment to Mike in light of the fact that he was preparing this child to be president of the United States by starting his education as early as possible.
His family's life changed drastically when he heard a radio program in 1981 which introduced him to the idea of homeschooling. When they started homeschooling, they began homeschooling one year at a time to meet the academic and social needs of their children. After spending lots of time around people like Mike Farris, he became convinced that he had been called to use his gifts and talents in the legal profession to assist homeschoolers who were being prosecuted because they didn't hold a teacher's certificate or satisfy the school district that they could competently teach their children.
Mike came to HSLDA full-time in 1987 and has served as president of the organization since the year 2001. In addition to serving as president, he also is a contact lawyer for California, Nevada and Puerto Rico. All of Mike's children are now grown, and three of the four were homeschooled. The most enjoyable part of Mike's job is when he is able to go to homeschool conferences and meet what he calls America's greatest heroes, homeschooling moms.
Quick ContactEmail: email@example.com
Homeschool Heartbeat has been retired and replaced by a new HSLDA podcast, Homeschool Talks. You're welcome to continue browsing the Homeschool Heartbeat archives, but if you want to stay up-to-date on the latest content, head over to our new podcast page. Happy podcasting!


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By Heather Bauer, R.D., nu-train
Cereal doesn't have to just be for breakfast anymore. By crushing whole-grain, high-fiber cereals, and using them in recipes, you can add great taste, and lots of fiber to your meals.
Serves 4.
Calories per serving: approximately 215
|Provided by Heather Bauer, a Registered Dietician (RD) specializing in the interrelation between eating habits, metabolism, and lifestyle. Visit nu-train for more tips and tricks and sign up for her monthly newsletter.
*DISCLAIMER*: The information contained in or provided through this site section is intended for general consumer understanding and education only and is not intended to be and is not a substitute for professional advice. Use of this site section and any information contained on or provided through this site section is at your own risk and any information contained on or provided through this site section is provided on an "as is" basis without any representations or warranties.


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Jonathan Ive gets gold Blue Peter badge
The BBC's Blue Peter programme has honoured Apple's design chief Sir Jonathan Ive with its highest accolade - the gold Blue Peter badge.
The British executive helped create the iMac and iPhone and, in October, took responsibility for the look and feel of the firm's software user interfaces.
Blue Peter said he was an "inspiration to children around the world".
He will appear in a gadget-themed special broadcast on Saturday, offering advice to the viewers.
In the pre-filmed segment he reviewed designs sent in by children and recalled how he had enjoyed watching one of Blue Peter's past presenters reuse a detergent bottle to create a paintbrush holder.
"I loved the way there was just products that you thought were no longer useful, but reusing them," he said. "It was fantastic."
Blue Peter has only presented about 1,000 gold badges in its history,
Other recipients include footballer David Beckham and author JK Rowling.
Sir Jonathan, known as Jony, described the news as "absolutely incredible".
He also presented the show with his own version of the Blue Peter badge made out of solid aluminium, manufactured by Apple's equipment, using the programme's catchphrase: "Here's one that we made earlier".
The award adds to a series of honours.
In May, Sir Jonathan was knighted at Buckingham Palace for his services to design and enterprise.
In September, he brought his entire design team to London to celebrate winning the best brand and design studio of the previous 50 years prize at the Design and Art Direction (D&AD) awards.
App redesign?
October's management shake-up at Apple means a lot is now riding on his shoulders.
After the firm's previous iOS software chief was ousted, it was announced Sir Jonathan would provide "leadership and direction for human interface across the company" in addition to being its industrial design boss.
There had been criticism that the firm's iOS operating system - which powers its iPhones and iPads - was in need of an overhaul to help it fend off competition from Google's Android and other rivals.
According to new figures from research firm IDC, 159.8 million Android-powered smartphones were shipped worldwide between October and December 2012, marking an 88% year-on-year gain.
By contrast, IDC suggests that 47.8 million iPhone were shipped over the same period - an annual gain of 29.2%.
In its analysis of the data, the consultancy said "what stands out is how iOS's year-over-year growth has slowed compared to the overall market".
It has been widely speculated that Sir Jonathan might now shift the Apple's software away from its reliance on "skeuomorphic" textures and effects - in other words stop trying to make its apps look like their real-world equivalents.
This might see an end, for instance, to it showing stitched leather borders and torn paper in its Calendar app and lined yellow legal paper in its Notes product.
Sir Jonathan's hardware designs have been praised for having a more minimalist approach.
However, it is unclear whether he will have had enough time in his new post to make such changes to Apple's next iOS and Mac OS X system revisions which are expected later this year.
Blue Peter's gadget special will be broadcast in the UK on the CBBC channel at 10:00 GMT on Saturday 16 February.


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Do you enjoy visiting with other people? Kind people like you are needed to provide companionship to hospice patients, many of whom are veterans. Our companions visit patients and families and offer emotional support to veterans as part of our hospice team. Visiting may involve talking with patients and families, reading to patients, or participating in activities with them. Visiting times are flexible and are individualized to our patients and volunteer's schedules. Training is provided as well as ongoing support from our dedicated hospice team! Please respond to this listing if you are interested or are seeking additional information.
We'll work with your schedule.
Where the Patient Calls HomeOverbrook, KS 66524


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Five Tips for Scrapbook Titles That Pop
Play up the down-home aspect of a scrapbook page about a day at the farm or at a harvest celebration by stamping or stenciling a title on fabric, as Laura Vegas did here. It's easier than you may think! Just follow these tips for success.
2010 Photos on the Farm by Laura Vegas, as seen in Scrapbooking with Fabric & Notions, page 104.
1. Make sure that your font will work well with your color medium. A thin scrip font stencil, for instance, may not allow enough acrylic paint through the window for your title to be easily read.
2. Whitewash a busy fabric print with a thin coat of paint before stamping or painting your title. This will soften the print's colors and pattern, helping your title stand out.
3. Shake your paint bottle beofre attempting to apply paint to stamps or stencils.
4. If using letter stickers on a busy cotton print, you may need to first mat the letters individually on cardstock in order to ensure that your title can be easily read.
5. Go for letter stickers or die cuts with colors that have enough contrast against your background fabric.
For more cool ideas for using fabric in your scrapbooking, check out Scrapbooking with Fabric & Notions.
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Formerly Skin Care by Devyn: New Tel 714-485-5540 or Book Online
You have no items in your shopping cart.
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You have no items to compare.
Skin Care by Devyn is now Pure Skin and Body Lounge. Same great quality and service you've come to expect!
Pure Skin and Body Lounge
1421 N Wanda #180
Villa Park, CA 92867
Tel/Text: (714) 485-5540
[email protected]
Retail Store Hours:
Tue-Sat: By Appointment. You can now make an appointment to pick up product. If you're in the area, give us a call or text!


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Book a room
- 116B Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur, 55100, Malaysia
Paradiso is Kuala Lumpur's chic and totally cool Bed&Breakfast for the global backpackers.
Situated right smack in the middle of KL's Bukit Bintang business and entertainment triangle,Paradiso guarantees you that you are never far from action.
Located exactly at the busy inter-section of Bukit Bintang Road and Sultan Ismail Road,Paradiso is at the heart of both KL's day life as well as night life.
As a backpacker you couldn't wish for a more centralised location.Across from Paradiso is the Bukit Bintang Monorail Station which links directly to and from Kuala Lumpur Sentral Station from where there's a high-speed rail link to the Kuala Lumpur International Airport as well as a normal rail link to and from Singapore,Bangkok and several major Malaysian towns.The Pudu Raya main bus terminal, meanwhile, is only about 10 minutes away by local bus,so as the Chinatown.Taxis are just a hand wave away any time of the day and night.
At Paradiso,you are within walking distance to several major tourist attractions including the iconic Petronas Twin Towers,KL Tower,Malaysia Tourism Centre, Kuala Lumpur Craft Complex,Cosmo's World Theme Park,KLCC Park, Aquaria KLCC,Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve,Bintang Walk and several massive shopping complexes offering the bargains galore including electronic goods.
Paradiso is at the very doorstep of Bukit Bintang's nightlife!Sexy clubs,jazz bars,wine bars,cool discos, happening pubs,'wicked'lounges and all-round party places are just but an ample away.At Paradiso,you are never too far away for a good time!
But let's not forget the basics.Money changer and bakery downstairs,bank(ATM)and Starbucks across, Tourist Information Counter and Tourist Police Post at the front, post-office,24-hrs convenience stores,
supermarkets,pharmacies,24-hrs clinic,24-hrs McDonald and KFC are only but a minute away,just as the famous Jalan Alor hawkers centre and many great restaurants and trendy cafes.
Step into Paradiso and you are greeted by the cool, refreshing ambience set amidst a laid-back concept quite the opposite of the hustle and bustle of KL's Bukit Bintang. Potted plants nestle lovingly among antique window frames while colours blend soothingly to refresh the eyes and rest the soul.
Spread over two floors,Paradiso is KL's backpackers haven which offers excellent facilities and friendly service.Choose from Basic,Standard and Deluxe of Single,Double,Twin,Quad,Family or 4 to 6 person dormitory accommodation,ensuite or shared bathroom,all which come with air-conditioning,towel,hot showers,hair dryer and breakfast(of course!)
But truly,Paradiso's real appeal is the warm,cosy atmosphere that you will find once you step in.With its really cool rooftop garden,this sanctuary is the ONLY place to be after a hard day of trekking the city.
If you are backpacking your way to Kuala Lumpur,what better place to stay than in its heart-Bukit Bintang?And in Bukit Bintang,make your choice Paradiso for value,comfort and unrivalled accessibility and convenience around the clock.
See you in Kuala Lumpur.
We are situated directly infront of Bukit Bintang Monorail Station,at the huge rotating billboard(above A&W) next to McDonald.Please remind your taxi driver to drop you off between McDonald and Agora Hotel.
1) From KLIA:
.Taxi to Bukit Bintang - about MYR80.00
.Star Shuttle to Bukit Bintang - MYR20.00
.KLIA Express to KL Sentral - MYR35.00
.KLIA Transit to KL Sentral - MYR12.50
.Airport Coach to KL Sentral - MYR10.00
2) From LCCT:
.Taxi and Star Shuttle as above
.Sky Bus and Aero Bus to KL Sentral - MYR9.00
and MYR8.00 respectively
3)From KL Sentral
.Taxi to Bukit Bintang - about MYR20.00
.Monorail to Bukit Bintang - MYR2.10
***Monorail Stn is about 200 mtrs from the main
4) From Pudu Raya Terminal:
.Taxi to Bukit Bintang - about MYR10.00
. LRT to Hang Tuah - MYR1.20,
then Monorail to Bukit Bintang - MYR1.20
5) From Putra Terminal:
.Taxi to Bukit Bintang - about MYR15.00
.LRT from PWTC to Hang Tuah,then Monorail to
Bukit Bintang
.Monorail from Chow Kit to Bukit Bintang - MYR1.60
6) From Pekeliling Terminal:
.Taxi to Bukit Bintang - about MYR15.00
.Monorail to Bukit Bintang - MYR2.10
7) From BTS Terminal:
.Taxi to Bukit Bintang - about MYR30.00
.LRT to Hang Tuah,then Monorail to Bukit Bintang
Breakfast Included, Internet Access, Linen Included, Security Lockers, Luggage Storage, 24 hour reception, Travel Desk/Travel Info, Common Room, 24 Hour Check In, Air Conditioning


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You are in Nestlé USA
Founded in 1962, TOMBSTONE® pizza began its days in "The Tombstone Tap," a bar located across from a graveyard in Medford, Wisconsin. Today, TOMBSTONE is a nationally distributed frozen pizza brand that provides consistently good, unmistakable flavor with just the right combination of sauce, cheese, crust, and every day toppings.
"What do you want on your Tombstone?" With over 12 different flavor varieties and multiple crust types to choose from, your family can have TOMBSTONE pizza your way. Whether you want Original Pepperoni, Half Pepperoni/Half Cheese, or Garlic Bread crust, TOMBSTONE has something to please everyone!
You can find TOMBSTONE in the frozen section at your grocery store.


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Immigrant | FENCE901 | Released: 01/01/02
ōImmigrant exports tiny fragments of folk-pop songs, gently whispered, even more gently played. Like Badly Drawn Boy stripped of his electric guitar and with far denser beard growth, Immigrant has a soppy heart that flutters in mysterious ways. As always, sitting on this Fence is such a smart decision to takeö The Crack, 14/07/03


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Dubai MBA & Business
Master's Conference
Taj Dubai
Burj Khalifa Street
Dubai, United Arab Emirates 17:00 - 21:30
|The event schedule will be available 30 days before the event.
- University list available 60 days before event.
Meet face-to-face with admissions representatives in small groups.
Admissions Panel
Improve your business school application with advice from admissions representatives.
School Presentations
Learn more about and compare various business programs.
Networking Fair
Network with alumni, fellow applicants, and admissions representatives.
10 Dos and Don'ts for The MBA Tour
MBA admissions representatives want you to get to know and like their schools! Sometimes this interaction is an overlooked step in the MBA application process.
Make the Most of The MBA Tour: Make a Targeted School List
The MBA Tour presents an incredible opportunity for you, as a prospective MBA student, to gather information, make contacts, and advance yourself in the admissions process.
Make the Most of The MBA Tour: Conduct Thorough Research
At The MBA Tour, you will have the chance to further evaluate the offerings of the schools on your list. But, don't forget, admissions directors will


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simple problem:
Touchpad stops working after suspend in Ubuntu 11.10. It is an annoying problem as I like to use my touchpad together with my mouse for convenience (unless I must use my touchpad because the mouse isn't available).
Can anyone help?
I also posted a comment under this unsolved question for a similar problem in 10.10: Touchpad stopped working after suspend on a Toshiba L650
Laptop make and model: CLEVO M55N.
xinput list in terminal gives:
⎡ Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)]
⎜ ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)]
⎜ ↳ Genius 2.4G Wireless Mouse and Keyboard id=11 [slave pointer (2)]
⎜ ↳ ImPS/2 Elantech Touchpad id=13 [slave pointer (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)]
↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Video Bus id=7 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Power Button id=8 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Sleep Button id=9 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Genius 2.4G Wireless Mouse and Keyboard id=10 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=12 [slave keyboard (3)]
Thanks beforehand.