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Men's Hoops Wraps Up Non-Conference Play At LMU
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Dec. 21, 2001
The USC men's basketball team (7-2), which reached the Elite Eight in 2001 for the first time ever in the NCAA Tournament's current format, looks to build on its modest three-game win streak and maintain momentum as it finishes off non-conference play at Loyola Marymount (6-4) on Saturday (Dec. 22) at 7:30 p.m. Under sixth-year Coach Henry Bibby, the Trojans return three senior starters and seven lettermen from the team that tied a school mark for wins with a 24-10 record last year. Senior forwards Sam Clancy and David Bluthenthal, both 2002 Preseason Top 50 Wooden Award candidates, and fourth-year starting guard Brandon Granville return to lead this year's squad.
USC at Loyola Marymount (6-4) on Saturday (Dec. 22) at 7:30 p.m. The game will be televised on FOX Sports Net (West) and will be broadcast live on KMPC-AM 1540. Steve Aggers is in his second year as the head coach of the Lions. Freshman forward Andy Osborn leads LMU in both scoring (11.8) and rebounding (6.0) while senior forward Greg Lakey, a former Trojan, is second in scoring (11.4) and rebounding (5.5). Lakey, who played at USC in 1998 and 1999 before transferring to LMU, leads the team in field goal percentage (40-of-69, .580). The Lions were enjoying a three-game win streak before tripping up against UNLV on Dec. 15, losing a heartbreaker, 70-68. They came back, however, to defeat Long Beach State at the Pyramid, 76-68 on Dec. 18.
Series vs. Loyola Marymount
The Trojans enjoy a 38-5 lead in the overall series with the Lions and have won five in a row overall and two in a row at Gersten Pavilion at Loyola Marymount. USC last lost to Loyola Marymount anywhere in 1996 at Gersten, when the Lions outscored the Trojans, 13-0, in the final 2:08, to win 86-83. USC last played in Gersten in 2000, winning 96-55. The time before that was 1998, when the Trojans won 92-88.
Last Game
Brian Scalabrine had a game-high 22 points while Brandon Granville had 19 points and nine assists in an easy Trojan win, 91-68, on Nov. 25. Granville's nine assists gave him 412 for his career, breaking Larry Friend's USC career record of 409. Freshman Desmon Farmer had then-season bests with 14 points and seven rebounds and Tyler Murphy had a season-best 10 points. The Trojans made 12-of-24 three-point attempts and 21-of-27 foul shots (77.8%).
Steve Aggers is in his second year with Loyola Marymount but his 21st as a head coach. He guided the Lions to a 9-19 mark in his first year with the team. Prior to his job at LMU, he had coached at Eastern Washington from 1995-2000. He was named Big Sky Conference Coach of the Year in 2000 after directing the Eagles to their first league title in school history. Before that, he was a head coach at Wayne State College, College of Great Falls and Mid-Place C.C.
Probable Starters Ht. Yr. pts. reb.
G 10 Marcus Smith 6-0 Sr. 6.0 1.1
G 11 Eurskine Robinson 6-0 Sr. 6.5 3.1
C 5 Greg Lakey 6-9 Sr. 11.4 5.5
F 4 Andy Osborn 6-9 Fr. 11.8 6.0
F 4 Keith Kincade 6-6 So. 9.1 3.9
Behind double-doubles from Sam Clancy and David Bluthenthal, USC came back from a seven-point halftime deficit and a four-point overtime deficit to defeat San Diego, 71-67, on Thursday (Dec. 20) at Jenny Craig Pavilion. Bluthenthal finished with 12 points and 12 rebounds for his first double-double while Clancy had 12 points and 10 rebounds for his fifth. For Bluthenthal, his 12 points gave him 1,008 for his USC career, becoming the 26th player ever at USC to score 1,000 points and the third active player on this year's team. Freshman guard Errick Craven led USC with a team-high 13 points, including 4-of-6 on three-pointers, while Desmon Farmer came off the bench to score 12 points. The Trojans (7-2) trailed San Diego (5-4) by seven points three times in the second half, but a Craven three-pointer with 11 minutes left kickstarted USC's rally. USC reclaimed the lead at 52-51 with 7:59 remaining on a three-point play by freshman center Rory O'Neil. Down one point again, Craven hit his final three-pointer to put USC ahead 59-57 with 4:20 left. A layup by San Diego's Tom Lippold tied the game at 59 apiece with 3:18 to go. Farmer gave USC a 61-59 lead with a jumper with 1:39 left and Andre Laws tied the game with two free throws with 1:11 to go. Both teams failed to score on their final possessions. San Diego went out to a four-point lead to start the overtime at 65-61 with 4:00 to go. USC countered, however, with a Clancy layup and two Robert Hutchinson free throws to tie the game with 2:32 left. A Lippold free throw with 2:21 left gave San Diego a one-point lead, but Granville canned a three from the top of the key to put USC ahead 68-66 with 2:11 left. USC still led 68-67 with less than a minute left when Farmer, with the shot clock nearing zero, connected on a runner in the lane to put the Trojans ahead 70-67 with 34 ticks remaining. San Diego had three shots on their next possession but missed each one with Craven finally pulling down a rebound and getting fouled with six seconds to play. He made his first free throw and missed his second, giving USC its final margin of victory.
Robert Hutchinson came off the bench to play a career-high 24 minutes, 19 of which came in the second half and overtime ... USC has now held seven of its nine opponents to 40.0% shooting or worse ... San Diego's 18 turnovers ties USC's opponent high this season ... The Trojans' nine free throw attempts were their fewest since taking only seven at Stanford last year ... USC allowed 68 or less points for the eighth time this year ... USC trailed at the half for only the second time this year ... With his nine points, Brandon Granville moved into 16th on USC's career scoring chart with 1,135 points ... David Bluthenthal tied his career high for field goal attempts at 18.
USC is now 49-40 in overtime games, 41-36 in single overtime, 25-19 on the road in overtime and 19-4 against non-conference teams in overtime.
Sam Clancy has five double-doubles in nine games and 23 for his career (tops among active Pac-10 players). He strung together three consecutive double-doubles for the third time in his career at the start of the season, but failed in his attempt to go four in a row, falling four points short. He has never had four in a row. The last Trojan to accomplish that was David Bluthenthal, who turned the trick last year in December. The last Trojan before that to get four in a row was Brandon Granville as a sophomore in 2000. The last USC player to string five in a row was forward Jaha Wilson, who did it twice in 1995 (including five in a row to end the season). Five different Trojans have at least one double-double. Clancy has five while Bluthenthal, Errick Craven, Granville and Desmon Farmer have one each.
Okay. So who predicted that one third through the season, Sam Clancy would lead USC in steals? Points and rebounds? Sure. Blocks? Expected. But steals? The senior forward not only leads USC in points (15.4), rebounds (9.2) and blocks (1.4), but is averaging a team-best 1.9 steals per game. He has a combined 17 so far. Coming into the season, he had 78 for his career, averaging 0.96 per outing. Through nine games last year, he had eight steals.
After not playing a minute at Bradley, Farmer has come on strong in the five games since then. He has started three times and is averaging 10.8 points and 4.8 rebounds in 29.2 minutes per game. In that span is a 20-point, 10-rebound performance against Rhode Island.
The Trojans have been solid on defense all season, but definitely more so at home. In its four home games at the Sports Arena, USC has held its opponents to a combined 56.5 points per game and a shooting percentage of .346 and only .278 from three-point range. In five road and neutral site games, USC is allowing 65.6 points per game while its opponents shoot a combined .397, .307 from three-point range.
Well, actually, no he's not. Errick Craven is one of USC's most modest players, but his recent play definitely calls out for attention. Craven's six starts have come in USC's last six games and he is the only USC player to start each of the past six games. In that span, Craven is the Trojans' second-leading scorer (13.8) and third-leading rebounder (5.8) and is second in steals (eight).
USC Coach Henry Bibby has started seven different lineups in nine games, still feeling his way through a USC team that has five new players. In fact, 10 different players have started at least once this season (11 different players started at least once last year). Junior center Kostas Charissis was the 10th different starter this year when he started at Long Beach State. It was his first start since starting against Washington last year on Jan. 6.
After failing to shoot better than .415 in its first four games for a combined .374, the Trojans have found their range in the last five games, making almost half their shots (.490). In the first four games, USC averaged 64.8 points per game. In the last five, the Trojans have scored 75.0 points per game. The Trojans are now .434 from the field on the year.
After shooting .511 and .585 against Miami (Ohio) and Long Beach State, USC failed to become the first Trojan team to do it in three straight games since the last game of the 1998 season and the first two games of the 1999 season (USC ended the streak by shooting .426 at San Diego).
USC has held eight of its first nine opponents to below 50.0% shooting and seven of nine to 40.0% or below. USC kept four of the eight to less than 32.0% shooting overall. In fact, Fresno State's 28.1% shooting was the worst for a USC opponent since the Trojans held Loyola Marymount to 23.7% on Dec. 11, 1999. Wyoming and Fresno State shot less than 18.0% in the second half of both games while Bradley shot only 20.0% in the first half. On the season, USC has limited opponents to a combined .374 from the field.
USC outrebounded Rhode Island on Dec. 4 by 20, 47-27. It was the Trojans' biggest rebounding margin since enjoying a 58-37 edge in a win against Oregon on Feb. 27, 1997. On the year, USC is outrebounding the opposition by an average of 40.8 to 36.9.
Freshman guard Derrick Craven will be out four to six weeks, recovering from a stress fracture in his right leg. He is expected back in mid-to-late December. He did not see any action in USC's first two games before the injury announcement, but played in both exhibition games.
USC held its first five opponents to 65 or less points for the first time since the 1967-68 season. That season, Bob Boyd's Trojans held their opponents to 65 or fewer points in their first six games, which was good enough for a 5-1 start. That team finished 18-8 ... USC's 18 second-half points were its fewest in a half since scoring 16 against Cal in the first half of a 73-43 loss on Feb. 12, 1998 at the Sports Arena ... Errick Craven's 5-of-5 three-point showing against Rhode Island tied the USC record for the most three-pointers made without a miss. The only other Trojan to do it was Brad Winslow, who did it at California in 1987 ... The Trojans' 59 points in the win over Miami (Ohio) on Dec. 16 was their lowest winning total since defeating Washington, 53-46, in Seattle in 1994 ... USC opponents have shot 20% or less in a half three times ... USC's 53 rebounds at Fresno State was its most in more than two seasons. The last time USC had that many was in the 1999 season finale, when the Trojans grabbed 53 boards in a losing effort at Wyoming on March 10, 1999, in the first round of the NIT. The last time USC had more than 53 was earlier in that season when the Trojans had 57 rebounds in a win over Loyola Marymount on Dec. 9, 1998.
USC senior forwards Sam Clancy and David Bluthenthal are among 50 preseason candidates selected for the 2001-2002 Wooden Award All-American Team. The top 50 candidates were selected based on last year's individual performance and team records. The award is announced on March 26. Clancy was a mid-season Wooden Award nominee last year, but did not make the list of finalists.
Sam Clancy was included among 30 preseason candidates for the 2002 Naismith Player of the Year Award, announced Oct. 16.
USC seniors Brandon Granville, Sam Clancy and David Bluthenthal are quite prevalent in the Trojan record books. Look no farther than the career scoring chart. Clancy is 14th with 1,185 points while Granville is 16th with 1,135 points. If both play a full season, they should be firmly entrenched in USC's Top 10. Bluthenthal joined the four-digit club at San Diego and now has 1,008 points, 25th most ever at USC. Granville already is USC's all-time leader in assists (642) and three-pointers (183). He is also third in steals (187) - needing 22 to top that list. With 3,321 minutes, Granville is also in reach of Wayne Carlander's USC record for career minutes played (3,978). As it stands, he's already third on the all-time USC minutes list. Clancy is USC's all-time leader in blocks with 160. Bluthenthal is ninth in three-pointers (120). As far as game records are concerned, Granville owns the USC record for assists (15) while Bluthenthal is tied for the mark in rebounds (28). For a season, Granville owns the assists mark (248) and Clancy owns it for blocks (81).
USC's 12 home wins last year were its most since winning 12 in 1993. Dating back to 1996-97, the Trojans are 52-19 (.732) in their last 71 games at the Sports Arena and USC is 110-43 (.719) at the Sports Arena since the beginning of the 1991 season, including a 16-game winning streak over a span of the 1992 and 1993 seasons, a 12-game streak between the 2000 and 2001 seasons and two nine-game winning streaks that spanned the 1997-98 and 1998-99 seasons and the 1998-99 and 1999-2000 seasons. USC's 10-game home win streak to open the 2001 season was its biggest home win streak to start a season since 1975. The Trojans have currently won five in a row at the Sports Arena.
Henry Bibby welcomed two new assistant coaches to his staff to join second-year assistant coach Damon Archibald. Bibby first hired veteran coach Kurtis Townsend, 42, who was previously an assistant coach at Michigan (1999-2001), California (1994-97) and Eastern Kentucky (1998). Bibby then hired Eric Brown, 27, who spent the past three seasons (1999-2001) as an assistant at Northridge, where he helped lead the Matadors to their first NCAA Tournament appearance in school history last season. Townsend and Brown replace Silvey Dominguez and Dave Miller, both of whom left the team after five-year stints on the Trojan staff.
Despite losing Brian Scalabrine and Jeff Trepagnier to the NBA, USC still has the lion's share of its production back in 2002. Not only do three senior starters return in Brandon Granville, Sam Clancy and David Bluthenthal, but sophomore Desmon Farmer brings 16 starts to the table and junior center Kostas Charissis has 14 starts to his credit. Overall, USC has 66.2% of its scoring back, 56.6% of its rebounding, 76.4% of its three-pointers, 58.9% of its blocks and 66.0% of its steals.
For the second consecutive year, the Trojans were picked to finish third in the Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball race, according to a poll of media members who cover Pac-10 men's basketball. UCLA, which received 24 of the 27 possible first-place votes, was tabbed as the favorite for the season (267 points). Stanford (222) was picked second and received one first-place vote. USC (208) was third without receiving any first-place votes. Arizona (200) was fourth and received two first-place votes. California (161) was fifth, followed by Oregon (117), Arizona State (111), Oregon State (95), Washington State (57) and Washington (47).
The conference announced that it will honor 10 former basketball coaches and student-athletes with their induction into the Pac-10 Hall of Honor during the 2002 Pac-10 Tournament. Trojan All-American Bill Sharman is USC's inductee. The others are Sean Elliott (Arizona), Byron Scott (Arizona State), Pete Newell (California), John Dick (Oregon), Gary Payton (Oregon State), Hank Luisetti (Stanford), John Wooden (UCLA), Bob Houbregs (Washington) and Craig Ehlo (Washington State). Sharman was an eight-time NBA All-Star and played on four NBA championship teams with the Boston Celtics. As a coach, he was the only one to ever have led teams to titles in three professional leagues: the ABL (Cleveland Pipers, 1962), ABA (Utah Stars, 1970) and NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, 1972). As general manager and president of the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1970s and 1980s, he helped them to five more NBA titles. As a player, he turned free throw shooting into an art and never shot worse than .800 from the line in any NBA season.
The Trojans are guaranteed to face only five teams from the 2001 NCAA Tournament and four are from the Pac-10: UCLA, Arizona, California and Stanford. The other is Fresno State. USC has faced two NIT teams in Wyoming and Pepperdine. In fact, those two teams squared off in the first round of the NIT last year with the Waves prevailing.
Only a handful of teams in the AP and ESPN/USA Today Preseason Top 25 polls loom ahead for the Trojans. In fact, the only preseason ranked teams on USC's schedule are UCLA, Stanford and Fresno State. Arizona, left off of both polls, returned quickly to the rankings however after the first week and should be added to the slate. Wyoming, USC's first opponent, chimed in at No. 35 on the ESPN/USA Today Poll to start the year.
The new millennium was good to USC basketball. The Trojans reached their first Elite Eight since 1954 and enjoyed their first 20-win season since 1992. They opened in the preseason Top 25 for the first time since the 1978-79 season, reached as high as No. 12 in the polls for the first time since hitting No. 8 in 1992 and had four players (Brian Scalabrine, Jeff Trepagnier, Sam Clancy and Brandon Granville) crack the 1,000-point barrier. USC's 10 home wins to open this year were its most in a row to start a season since 1975. The Trojans, who played the first 12 games of the season without Trepagnier because of injuries and suspensions, still won their first eight games, including a win over No. 18 Utah that propelled USC to a season-best No. 12 in the rankings. USC's first defeat came in a one-point overtime loss to Top-25 Mississippi in the Yahoo! Sports Invitational in Laie, Hawaii. The next game, however, the Trojans made up for the loss by erasing an 18-point halftime deficit against BYU. USC finished the non-conference slate 10-2 and opened the Pac-10 with a pair of home wins against the Washington schools. The Trojans were brought down to earth a bit after falling at UCLA and losing a hard-fought battle at Arizona. But USC then won three in a row, defeating Arizona State on the road and taking care of the Oregon schools at home. The Trojans next travelled to top-ranked Stanford and trailed by three with a minute to go, but fell by six. USC responded to the loss with a convincing 80-66 win at Cal two days later. The momentum slowed at that point as the Trojans lost three of their next four games, falling to UCLA, defeating Arizona State at home before losing consecutively to Arizona at home and Oregon State on the road. The Trojans then found themselves in Eugene where, down by 12 with five minutes to play, they stormed back to force overtime in an eventual win. USC once again played No. 1 Stanford to the final buzzer (losing by two when Granville was unable to get a shot off as time expired) and then completed a season sweep of Cal two days later. USC finished off the regular season with trouncings at Washington and Washington State. It opened the 2001 NCAA Tournament with an 69-54 win over Oklahoma State and followed it with a 74-71 win over Boston College to earn a trip to the Sweet 16. The Trojans then defeated Kentucky, 80-76, setting up their final game of the year vs. Duke in the East Regional Final. USC fell to the Blue Devils, 79-69, losing to the eventual national champions.
USC's appearance in the East Regional Final of the 2001 NCAA Tournament against Duke marked the first team Troy had reached the round of eight since 1954. The only other time USC was among the final eight teams was 1940. The No. 6-seed Trojans used wins over No. 11-seed Oklahoma State and No. 3-seed Boston College in Long Island, N.Y., to advance to the Sweet 16. Then, in Philadelphia, USC downed No. 2-seed Kentucky to reach the East Regional Final, where it fell to top-seed and eventual NCAA Champion Duke. Sam Clancy, David Bluthenthal and Brian Scalabrine all earned East Regional All-NCAA Tournament Team honors.
Among the components that will need to be replaced from last year's squad are forward/center Brian Scalabrine and guard Jeff Trepagnier. Scalabrine, USC's sixth-leading scorer ever, and Trepagnier, the Trojans' 15th-top scorer in school history, were both drafted in the second round of the NBA draft. Scalabrine, USC's second-leading scorer last year (14.7), went 35th to the New Jersey Nets and Trepagnier went 36th to the Cleveland Cavaliers. Also gone from last year's team was top reserve Jarvis Turner, who signed a contract to play overseas. USC is also without graduated guard Tyler Murphy as well as center Luke Minor (academics) and Nate Hair (left team).
Henry Bibby, a coach with 19 years of college and professional experience and the only player to ever play for an NCAA, NBA and CBA championship team, is in his sixth full season in 2001-2002 as the head coach of the USC men's basketball program. This past year he guided the Trojans to their first ever NCAA Tournament Elite Eight appearance under the tournament's current format and led USC to its fourth winning season and third postseason berth (two NCAA, one NIT) under his watch ... With the Trojans on the rise, Bibby was rewarded with a three-year contract extension on Aug. 4, 2000, which will take him through the 2004-2005 season ... In 2001, Bibby led USC to perhaps its greatest season ever. In their second NCAA Tournament appearance under Bibby, the No. 6-seeded Trojans reached the East Regional Final before losing to Duke. USC's three NCAA Tournament wins (against No. 11 seed Oklahoma State, No. 2 seed Boston College and No. 3 seed Kentucky) were its most ever in one tourney and the Trojans' final record of 24-10 matched the most wins ever in one season at USC. The Trojans finished 11-7 in the Pac-10 (tied for fourth place) ... The Trojans' landmark team that Bibby guided featured a pair of NBA draft picks in forward/center Brian Scalabrine and guard Jeff Trepagnier. The pair was taken back-to-back in the second round of the 2001 draft, Scalabrine going to New Jersey with the 35th pick while Trepagnier went 36th to Cleveland. They were the second and third Trojans taken in the NBA draft since Bibby has been at USC (the first was Rodrick Rhodes in 1997) ... In his five years as head coach, Bibby has been instrumental in player development and has guided seven players to a combined nine All-Pac-10 honors and four players to All-Pac-10 Freshman honors. Two Trojans (Rhodes and Scalabrine) have also earned the Pac-10 Newcomer of the Year award and another (Elias Ayuso) earned Pac-10 All-Newcomer first team notice. Six of USC's top 25 scorers of all time have played under Bibby.
Senior * forward * 6-foot-7 * 240 pounds
* Sam Clancy, an All-American, Wooden and Naismith Award candidate in 2002, is one of the Pac-10's top offensive and defensive threats and is equally adept from the post, the wing or the top of the key. A major shot-blocking and rebounding presence in the paint, Clancy is in his fourth year as a starting forward.
* Clancy is USC's all-time leading shot-blocker (160). He has started 79 of his 90 games at USC. He is 14th on USC's career scoring chart with 1,185 career points and was the 25th Trojan ever to reach the millennium milestone.
* Clancy leads USC in scoring (15.4), rebounding (9.2), steals (1.9) and blocks (1.4).
* He recorded his fifth double-double at San Diego with 12 points and 10 rebounds. He also added four blocks.
* He scored a game-high 25 points to go with 14 rebounds against Pepperdine for his fourth double-double of the season.
* He opened the 2002 season with three consecutive double-doubles: 22 points and 12 rebounds against Wyoming, 13 points and 12 rebounds against Fresno State and 18 points and 11 rebounds against UC Santa Barbara. He has 21 for his career. He scored only six points at Bradley, but did get 10 rebounds, giving him five double-digit rebound efforts in a row (the last game of the streak).
* Clancy earned 2001 Pacific-10 Conference, Sporting News Pac-10, NABC District 15 and USBWA District 9 first-team honors as a junior forward, leading USC in scoring (17.3), rebounding (7.5), field goal percentage (.501) and blocked shots (81).
* He set a school season record for rejections (81) last year. His 588 points on the season were the fifth-most in school history and his 255 rebounds were the 14th most ever at USC.
* Clancy earned 2001 East Regional All-NCAA Tournament Team honors as he led USC in scoring (18.0), rebounding (10.8) and blocks (4.0) in the Trojans' four NCAA Tournament games.
* He posted career highs of 31 points twice, once in the season-opener vs. Bradley and again at UCLA (to go with 13 rebounds).
* Clancy was named Pac-10 Player of the Week for the week of Dec. 25-Jan. 1. He averaged 19.5 points, 10.5 rebounds, 4.5 blocks and 2.5 steals in USC's loss at Northwestern and win over Long Beach State.
* After the 2001 season, Clancy declared for the NBA draft, but did not sign with an agent, allowing him the option to return to school. Before he removed his name from the draft list, he participated in a three-day NBA Pre-Draft Camp in Chicago, where he was the leading scorer (42 points) and rebounder (28).
* (J.A. Adande of the Los Angeles Times): '(Sam) can score inside or deftly pass to (former teammate Brian) Scalabrine from the high post. He makes the 18-foot jump shot from the baseline or beyond the free throw line. He snatches rebounds at rim level and blocks shots inside or on the perimeter.'
* (Joe Juliano of the Philadelphia Inquirer): 'Sam Clancy resembles a tight end on the basketball court. At 6-foot-7 and 240 pounds, he's not someone who's easy to hide.'
* (Trojan teammate David Bluthenthal): 'Teams will try to trash-talk him, but you can't really get to Sam. When I guard him in practice, I talk at him and he talks back to me, but it doesn't affect the way he plays. You can't really faze him.'
Senior * guard * 5-foot-9 * 175 pounds
* Brandon Granville is USC's all-time leader in assists (the Pac-10's active leader, eighth in league history) and three-pointers and is starting at point guard for the Trojans for his fourth season in 2002.
* Granville is USC's first four-year starting point guard since Jacque Hill (1980-83). He has started 97 of his 101 games at USC. He is first on USC's career chart in assists (642) and three-pointers (183) and is third in steals (187). He has 1,135 career points, 16th most ever at USC. He was the 24th player in school history to eclipse 1,000 points.
* He is second on the team in scoring (11.7) and is first in assists (5.2) and second in steals (1.3). He is shooting a team-best .429 from three-point range, making 21-of-49 attempts.
* Granville had a huge night at Long Beach State. He posted career highs in points (25), three-pointers (six) and field goals (nine). He also passed Harold Miner for first place on USC's career three-point chart.
* Had his first double-double of the season with 10 assists and 12 points vs. UCSB. Had 13 points vs. Pepperdine and 12 vs. Miami (Ohio).
* In the 2002 opener, he had 11 points, five assists and three steals in 31 minutes. At Fresno State, he had eight points, seven assists and six rebounds.
* Last season, Granville led the Pac-10 in assists (6.1) for the second consecutive year and finished as USC fourth-leading scorer (12.4). Granville's 207 assists last year were the second-most ever in a season at USC, behind only his school season record of 248 set as a sophomore.
* His 2001 NCAA Tournament highlights included 14 points, four steals and five assists against Oklahoma State and nine points and six assists versus Boston College. He also had eight assists vs. Kentucky and seven against Duke.
* He scored a season-high 22 points twice last year, at Arizona State and vs. Cal.
* As a sophomore in 2000, Granville dished out more assists than any USC guard in school history (and the third most ever in the Pac-10) when he had 248 en route to All-Pac-10 honorable mention honors. He led the Pac-10 in assists (8.3, fourth nationally), was fourth in steals (2.1) and 10th in free throw percentage (.786). Granville set a USC single-game record with 15 assists against Memphis in the Maui Invitational (tied for sixth-best in Pac-10 history).
* (Former teammate Brian Scalabrine): 'Everything happens for us when Brandon is in control of the basketball. And we're out of sync without him. In this league, everything begins, offensively and defensively, with your point guard.'
Senior * forward * 6-foot-7 * 220 pounds
* David Bluthenthal, among 50 Preseason Wooden Award candidates, returns for his third year as a starting small forward in 2002 and is one of the top all-around threats in the Pac-10. One of the league's premier three-point shooters, he's also an aggressive rebounder who led the Trojans in that category as a sophomore.
* Bluthenthal has started 66 of his 93 games at USC. He is ninth on USC's career three-point chart (120). He also shares the Trojan record for most rebounds in a game (28). He has 1,008 career points, 25th most ever at USC.
* Bluthenthal became the 26th player ever at USC to score at least 1,000 points when he scored 12 points at San Diego. He added 12 rebounds at San Diego for his first double-double of the season.
* Bluthenthal has started five of nine games, but is averaging the third most minutes on the team (29.0). He is fourth on the team in scoring (10.0) and second in rebounding (7.2).
* Bluthenthal broke out of his shooting slump against UC Santa Barbara on Nov. 26. Midway through the second half, he was still 0-for-10 on the season, but got hot quickly and made five three-pointers in the final 12 minutes and finished with a game-high 19 points. He followed it up with 14 points and eight rebounds at Bradley. He had nine points off the bench against Rhode Island, scored eight against Pepperdine, six at Long Beach State and 10 against Miami (Ohio).
* Bluthenthal was USC's second-leading rebounder (6.8) and third-leading scorer (13.5) as a junior in 2001. He led the Trojans in three-point percentage (65-of-159, .409) and total three-pointers and was second on the team in steals (50).
* He earned 2001 East Regional All-NCAA Tournament Team honors by averaging 16.0 points and 6.3 rebounds in the postseason.
* Bluthenthal, named to the 2001 Jewish Sports Review All-America first team, tied a career- and season-high with 29 points at Oregon. He also had five three-pointers and set a career high with five steals.
* He led USC in rebounding (or tied for team-high honors) 15 times last year and had four consecutive double-doubles against Utah, Cal State Northridge, UC Santa Barbara and Pepperdine.
* Bluthenthal earned his second career Pac-10 Player of the Week honor after the doubles vs. UCSB and CSUN.
* Including a streak of 33 free throws in a row continued from his sophomore year, Bluthenthal set USC and Pac-10 record for consecutive free throws at 41. Bluthenthal also owned the Pac-10 record for consecutive in-league free throws at 42. Both Pac-10 marks, however, were broken by Stanford's Ryan Mendez ... Bluthenthal was named to the 2001 U.S. team for the World Maccabiah Games, but did not play.
* What a fan told his dad, Ralph, following Bluthenthal's Dennis Rodman-esque 28 rebounds vs. Arizona State in 2000: 'He said he was expecting to see a big guy with green hair and they saw me instead.'
* (Todd Harmonson, of the Orange County Register): 'He has become USC's most dependable starter and made the transformation from the player no one knew to the one no one dares to ignore.'
Sophomore * guard * 6-foot-4 * 225 pounds
* Desmon Farmer is a 2002 sophomore with a great scoring touch and a fiery defensive presence who looks to start this year.
* After not playing a minute at Bradley, Farmer has come on strong in the five games since then. He has started three times and is averaging 10.8 points and 4.8 rebounds in 29.2 minutes per game.
* At San Diego he had 12 points and three assists and made a clutch shot late in overtime to extend USC's lead to three points, giving USC a little insurance on defense. Against Rhode Island, he posted his first career double-double with 20 points and a career-high 10 rebounds. His four three-pointers were also a career best. He scored 13 points and played all 40 minutes against Pepperdine, but went scoreless in 14 minutes at Long Beach State.
* Farmer is USC's fifth-leading scorer (9.1) and fourth-leading rebounder (4.6).
* Starting at shooting guard against Wyoming, Farmer had 10 points and five rebounds. He also started at Fresno State, but scored only two points in 16 minutes. He had seven points off the bench against UCSB.
* Farmer started 16 of 32 games as a 2001 freshman guard last year, most of his starts coming in place of Jeff Trepagnier, who was out for the first half of last season.
* Farmer averaged 6.4 points and 2.8 rebounds in 18.8 minutes per game last year. He started in 15 of his first 16 games, averaging 9.1 points through the first half of the season. When Trepagnier returned, Farmer became a key reserve off the bench.
* He scored a career-high 24 points and had three assists in USC's Pac-10 opener vs. Washington State.
* He had 21 points and a career-best nine rebounds against CSUN. He scored 14 points in 26 minutes vs. then-No. 8 Arizona at home and 14 points and seven rebounds vs. Loyola Marymount.
Junior * center * 6-foot-11 * 250 pounds
* Kostas Charissis, a native of Greece, is a 2002 junior who will look to have an increased role on this year's squad. His full first name is Konstantinos. Originally suspended for the Trojans' first 15 regular-season games this season for a violation of NCAA amateurism rules, it was reduced to three games and he is now eligible to play. The original suspension stems from the fact that before he attended USC, Charissis played on a club team in Greece which included professional players. Even though he played as an amateur, this is an NCAA violation.
* Charissis has started three times in five games, the starts coming in USC's last three games. Against the 49ers, he scored six points and grabbed three rebounds in 17 minutes. It was the second-most points of his career and his most minutes since his freshman season. He blocked two shots against Miami. He had three rebounds and two assists at San Diego. He is averaging 2.4 points and 2.4 rebounds in 10.2 minutes per game.
* Charissis played in his first game of the season at Bradley, getting three rebounds in seven minutes, but missed his only two shots. He also went scoreless in three minutes vs. Rhode Island. He did not play vs. Pepperdine.
* Charissis played in 18 games as a sophomore reserve center in 2001. He averaged 1.2 points and 1.2 rebounds in 4.7 minutes per game. He made his only start of last season vs. Washington. He scored four points in a season-high 12 minutes.
* Charissis played in 26 of 30 games as a 2000 freshman center and started 13 times after injuries depleted USC's frontcourt, including the last 10 games in a row.
* He had by far his most productive game of his career as a freshman at No. 4 Arizona, posting career highs in points (nine), rebounds (eight), minutes (33), free throws made and attempted (3 of 4) and assists (four).
(RS) Junior * guard * 6-foot-1 * 195 pounds
* Robert Hutchinson is back as a junior reserve point guard in 2002 who figures to give the Trojans quality minutes behind starter Brandon Granville.
* Hutchinson has played in all nine games, starting once. On the season, he has 11 assists and four turnovers, averaging 2.1 points in 12.3 minutes per game.
* He played the most minutes (24) in his Trojan career at San Diego, 19 of which came in the second half and overtime. He finished with six points.
* He made his third career start against Rhode Island, grabbing a career-high five rebounds and tying a career-high with three assists in 19 minutes. He played 17 minutes at Long Beach State, scoring three points. He played 11 minutes against Miami (Ohio), scoring four points.
* Hutchinson scored his first four points of the season at Bradley, making his only shot and canning both free throw attempts. He added two assists and a steal. He also had two assists against UCSB.
* Hutchinson played in every game as a reserve point guard as a 2001 sophomore, averaging 1.2 points in 7.4 minutes per game.
* He became a hero, however, with his play against Boston College in the second round of the 2001 NCAA Tournament. Filling in for Brandon Granville, who had fouled out, Hutchinson stepped in admirably, making 5-of-6 free throws in the final 77 seconds to go with two rebounds and a key assist, helping seal the win. He then played 12 minutes vs. Kentucky in the Sweet 16 and six minutes vs. Duke.
* He started his first game at Northwestern, but went scoreless in 14 minutes. He then started against Washington and scored two points in 19 minutes.
GENNARO BUSTERNASenior * guard * 6-foot-3 * 205 pounds
* Gennaro Busterna is a senior who has a soft perimeter touch and could be looked on to provide offense off the bench in 2002.
* Busterna has seen a combined seven minutes in five games this season, but is 0-2 from the field this year with one rebound. He most recently played two minutes at the end of the first half at San Diego.
* He came to USC as a JUCO transfer as a 2001 junior guard, but saw limited action off the bench
* Busterna played in eight games, but only averaged 1.9 minutes per contest and missed all seven of his field goal attempts
* Sidelined much of the season by a toe injury, Busterna began suiting up in the Washington State game, but did not make his debut until playing four minutes off the bench at Arizona, going scoreless ... He played one minute at Arizona State and three minutes against Oregon State ... He got in late against UCLA at the Sports Arena, but missed both of his three-point attempts.
* Busterna spent the previous two seasons at McCook (Neb.) College. As a sophomore, Busterna was the 2000 Nebraska Junior College and Nebraska Community College Athletic Conference Player of the Year and earned 2000 All-Region 9 first team honors while leading McCook to a 25-6 record.
Freshman * guard * 6-foot-2 * 190 pounds
* Errick Craven, a freshman guard in 2002 and identical twin brother of fellow Trojan freshman Derrick Craven, is an athletic addition to the team whose intensity on defense and growing offensive skills should be a boon for the Trojans.
* He is USC's third-leading scorer (10.7) and rebounder (5.0) in 24.9 minutes per game. He is second on the team in three-point percentage at .414 (12-of-29).
* Craven's six starts have come in USC's last six games. In that span, Craven is the Trojans' second-leading scorer (13.8) and third-leading rebounder (5.8) and is second in steals (eight).
* At San Diego, he scored 13 points, including a 4-of-6 three-point performance.
* Craven posted his first double-double vs. Pepperdine, scoring 12 points and getting 10 rebounds. He had six points and five boards against Miami (Ohio).
* In his second start, Craven had a huge game against Rhode Island, scoring 20 points and blocking three shots. He was 5-of-5 from three-point range, tying the USC record for most threes made in a game without a miss.
* Made his first collegiate start at Bradley, scoring 14 points on 6-of-14 shooting and grabbing seven rebounds in 35 minutes.
* Scored nine points against UCSB and had eight rebounds (four offensive) to go with three assists and two steals. He scored his first points as a Trojan at Fresno State, making 2-of-5 field goals to go with two rebounds and a block. He played seven minutes off the bench against Wyoming, missing his only shot.
* Craven prepped at Bishop Montgomery High in Torrance, Calif., where he averaged 19.9 points, 6.8 rebounds, 4.4 assists, 2.6 steals and shot 53.0% from the field as a 2001 senior while leading the Knights to both their second consecutive California and CIF Southern Section Division III titles.
* He was a 2001 Street & Smith's preseason All-American honorable mention selection and was named South Bay Daily Breeze Player of the Year for the second consecutive season.
* He was the first player to win the Daily Breeze's Player of the Year in consecutive years since the Boston Celtics' Paul Pierce did it in 1994-95.
* He shared 2001 CIF Division III Player of the Year and Del Rey League MVP honors with his brother Derrick for the second consecutive year
* He was named the No. 10 best prep shooting guard in the country by ESPN.com.JERRY DUPREE
(RS) Sophomore * forward * 6-foot-11 * 220 pounds
* Jerry Dupree, a sophomore forward, is in his first year with the Trojans after a year off from basketball when he was concentrating on academics at San Bernardino College. An extremely athletic player, Dupree figures to challenge for starting time at small forward.
* Dupree has started three of nine games for the Trojans, averaging 4.8 points and 2.2 rebounds in 14.2 minutes per game.
* He started at small forward in his Trojan debut against Wyoming, scoring 13 points in 37 minutes and added seven rebounds, three blocks and a handful of highlight dunks reminiscent of the graduated Jeff Trepagnier. He also started at Fresno State, scoring 12 points. He started his third game vs. UCSB, but went scoreless in only four minutes. He came off the bench at Bradley, scoring eight points in 20 minutes. He has only 10 points in his last five games.
* Dupree played in 25 games, all as a reserve, as a 2000 freshman at College of Southern Idaho. He averaged 7.2 points and 3.8 rebounds in 13.2 minutes per game. He shot .538 from the field (78-of-145) and was .647 from the foul line (22-of-34). He had a season-high of 16 points.
* Dupree prepped at Valley View High in Moreno Valley, Calif., where he averaged 17.5 point, 10.0 rebounds and 3.0 blocks per game as a senior in 1999. He earned All-CIF Southern Section Division 1-AA second team and All-San Bernardino County and All-Sunbelt League first team honors as a senior.
Freshman * center * 6-foot-11 * 220 pounds
* Rory O'Neil, a freshman center in 2002, figures to add immediate help to USC's frontcourt. A talented big man, O'Neil comes to Troy with a solid scoring touch and a good feel for the game.
* O'Neil has started three of nine games, averaging 4.9 points and 2.9 rebounds in 15.8 minutes per game. His 10 blocks are second best on the team.
* He had five points at San Diego.
* Made his first collegiate start against UCSB, scoring eight points and blocking two shots in 23 minutes. He was 4-of-7 from the floor. He made his second start at Bradley, blocking four shots to go with eight rebounds and four points in 20 minutes. He had six points and three rebounds vs. Rhode Island and eight points at Long Beach State.
* He played 23 minutes off the bench at Fresno State, including all 20 minutes of the second half, and scored 11 points and grabbed six rebounds. He was 5-of-8 from the field.
* He played six minutes as a reserve against Wyoming, going 1-for-2 from the field. His one basket catapulted USC to a 17-0 run that turned a seven-point deficit into a 10-point lead.
* O'Neil was a Street & Smith's preseason All-American high honorable mention selection, a Student Sports Senior All-American fourth teamer and All-CIF Division III first team pick as a 2001 senior at Burroughs High in Ridgecrest, Calif.
* He averaged 25.1 points, 13.5 rebounds and 3.0 blocks per game last year.
* He was the 2001 Desert Sky League 200 Player of the Year and was named the sixth-best prep center in the country by ESPN.com.
Freshman * forward * 6-foot-8 * 220 pounds
* Nick Curtis, a freshman forward in 2002, comes to USC as a strong rebounder who will lend solid frontcourt depth to the Trojans.
* Curtis has started three of his eight games, averaging 1.6 points and 1.4 rebounds in 8.4 minutes per game.
* He had five points and five rebounds against Rhode Island.
* In his first game as a Trojan, Curtis made USC's first basket of the 2002 season and finished with six points in 11 minutes, going 3-of-4 from the field against Wyoming. He went scoreless in six minutes at Fresno State. At Bradley, he came off the bench to grab four rebounds in eight minutes.
* Curtis earned 2001 Cal-Hi Sports All-State second team, All-CIF Division I-AAA first team and Los Angeles Times All-Ventura and All-Pacific View League MVP honors while leading Oxnard to a 25-4 record as a senior in 2001.
* He is Oxnard High's career record holder for points (1,215), rebounds (1,003) and blocks (244).
* A three-year starter, Curtis averaged 19.9 points, 14.8 rebounds and 3.6 blocks per game as a senior. He shot 68.0% from the field and 79.0% from the free throw line.
Freshman * guard * 6-foot-2 * 190 pounds
* Derrick Craven, a freshman guard in 2002 and identical twin brother of fellow Trojan freshman Errick Craven, is an athletic addition to the team with a strong defensive work ethic. He is expected to push for time off of the bench.
* Derrick Craven will be out four to six weeks (as of Nov. 19), recovering from a stress fracture in his right leg. He is expected back in late December or early January. He did not see action in USC's first two games.
* Craven prepped at Bishop Montgomery High in Torrance, Calif., where he averaged 16.4 points, 6.4 rebounds, 5.6 assists and 1.9 steals while shooting 56.0% from the field as a 2001 senior while leading the Knights to both their second consecutive California and CIF Southern Section Division III titles.
* He was a 2001 Street & Smith's preseason All-American honorable mention selection, a Daily Breeze All-Area first team pick and shared CIF Division III Player of the Year and Del Rey League MVP honors with his brother Errick for the second consecutive year.
* There are four walk-ons on this year's squad. Anthony Saadey from Canfield, Ohio, and Eze Burts, from Los Angeles, return as redshirt freshmen. Saadey saw his first action as a Trojan at Bradley, playing in the final minute of the game, going scoreless. He was an All-Academic selection in the Metro Atlantic Conference as a senior and was elected to the MAC All-Star game. Burts was a Del Rey League first teamer at St. Bernard High in Los Angeles and also competed on the track team. Burts and Saadey are joined by freshmen Peter McCaslin and Joe Buck. McCaslin prepped at Chadwick High, where he earned All-CIF honors as a sophomore, junior and senior. He holds his school record for points with 2,770 points. Buck comes to USC from Redondo Union High in Redondo Beach, Calif.
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Timo Glock I'm glad Halo has a competitor
The ex-pilot of Formula 1 Timo Glock said that he was glad to develop the system Aeroscreen, which is being tested in the IndyCar series. According to German, it can be an alternative to Halo implemented this year in all formula series.Timo Glock "Halo really affect the aesthetics of the machine, and I'm sorry that happened. For security it the right way, but the appearance is awful. And all the cars will look like".However, Indycar is moving in another direction, testing the system with the windscreen Aeroscreen, which, according to most, looks better than Halo.Timo Glock "I think the danger is part of the sport, so I would be happy if the FIA found another solution. Aeroscreen can be an option. One thing is certain with Halo will be very hard to love Formula 1".
Timo Glock
Formula 1
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Friday, March 13, 2009
The Golden Nugget: A Gem On the Front Side of Eldorado Canyon
Old school in style, the problems on the Golden Nugget are vertical, crimpy, and 15 high. The top out is flat, the landing is flat, and the stone is solid. On cold winter days, you can usually find a patch of sun on the south side to warm up while resting before trying to send of the impossibly crimpy problems on the west face.
On the far left are the two prize gems. If you do the low stand start (no sit start here), the far left problem rates up there in the double-digit V range. Grade wise it is hard to say, in the old days it was rated B2/B2+, but now it can be rated whatever the young upstart boulderer wants to rate it (and probably give it a new name... where has our appreciation of history gone?).
The boulder sits on the edge of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks Habitat Conservation Area. That means that you can't access it from the Mickey Mouse Trail. Rather, according to the ranger we talked to, you need to walk the road all the way around to the old Mickey Mouse Trail, and use the shortcut from there to the boulder (about 25 feet). What they don't want people doing is hiking the trail, and then cutting down through the meadow (which often is home to a family of wild turkeys).
4 comments:
Although I've hiked back there a lot, I've never bothered to go to The Golden Nugget. Sounds like an amazing spot and one I'll have to check out.ReplyDelete
Yep, fun boulder with some solid old-school vertical crimp problems. Just get the Off Trail Permit before going there as it is now in an HCA. The rangers are cool with us going there as long as you get the permit. Also, follow the directions above, don't use the Micky Mouse Trail.ReplyDelete
Hi, I was wondering how you get to the AVS traverse ?ReplyDelete
TJ, the Avs traverse is up on Dinosaur Mountain. After passing Slapshot, walk another 50 yards to a wall just up from the trail with a couple crimp problems on it. Walk uphill around the east and north side up into the gully, staying right. You should see it. Amazing traverse, long! Here is the full beta of the problem.ReplyDelete


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The right to an education is guaranteed by international law in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Similarly, UNESCO's Constitution sets out the right to an education as necessary to "prepare the children of the world for the responsibilities of freedom." However — and this might come as a surprise to many Americans — the U.S. Constitution mentions no such right nor has the U.S. Supreme Court recognized one.
A federal or national right to an education certainly could provide a baseline of educational opportunities and legal protections for citizens, though. Many people assume the Supreme Court found a federal right to education in Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). But the court in that case did not hold that all students had a right to an education. Rather, it held only that where a state makes public education available, it cannot withhold access to education based on race. Further, it espoused — or at least suggested the possibility of — an individual right to an education, stating:
Education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments . . . In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms.
In 1973, the court addressed the issue again in San Antonio v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, a suit brought on behalf of students claiming that the Texas system of funding public education created districts with unequal access to revenues for schools. In this case, the court found that the state allowed people to be treated differently based on whether they lived in property-poor or property-rich districts — and it upheld this differential treatment. While education is critically important to society, said the court, that does not, in and of itself, support a finding of a fundamental federal right to education. The court did note, however, that education was warranted some judicial protection and may be a corollary to other federal constitutional rights such as free speech.
The court came closer to recognizing a federal right to education in Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982). There, the state of Texas had foreclosed public school education for undocumented students, and plaintiffs had made an Equal Protection claim. The court found that even though education was not a fundamental right, the state did not have a sufficient interest to withhold education from students whose parents had brought them to this country illegally:
Public education is not a "right" granted to individuals by the Constitution. But neither is it merely some governmental "benefit" indistinguishable from other forms of social welfare legislation. Both the importance of education in maintaining our basic institutions and the lasting effect of its deprivation on the life of the child mark the distinction.
Defining the federal and state roles in education
Since education is not specifically mentioned as a right or a power of the federal government, Congress does not have the authority to directly regulate education. According to the 10th Amendment to the Constitution, powers that are not explicitly given to the federal government are reserved to the states and the people.
Still, the federal government has had an active presence in education throughout the nation's history, and many federal laws have a significant effect on the public schools. Rather than assuming direct control, though, Congress influences education through its spending authority — when states and local school boards accept federal funds, they must agree to comply with specific programmatic conditions and civil rights laws. (Some well-known examples include the Every Student Succeeds Act, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, and Title IX of the Civil Rights Act.)
Through its spending authority, then, Congress has provided a federal statutory right to an education for some specific groups of children. For example, both the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act provide students within their protection (i.e. students with disabilities and homeless students) a federal right to an appropriate education.
Far more often, though, education is treated as a protected state right. Every state constitution includes language — more detailed in some states than in others — that mandates the creation of a public education system.
Grounded in those state constitutional provisions, many state supreme courts have, typically as part of a decision having to do with school finance litigation, recognized an individual right to education. (See www.schoolfunding.info for a useful summary of state-specific litigation and court rulings.) However, while state courts have often been willing to address funding disparities among school districts, they have no jurisdiction to address spending gaps between states, which tend to be much more stark (as are state-to-state differences in educational standards, requirements, opportunities, and student assessment systems). Even through the implementation of No Child Left Behind, states continued to set their own educational standards, and they continued to fund their schools at very different levels.
Would a federal right to education be warranted?
Although the U.S. Supreme Court has not yet recognized a federal constitutional right to education, there are some theoretical arguments to be made for one. The most common argument is that when states provide their citizens with unequal opportunities for education, they are in violation of the Equal Protection Clause. Second, one might argue that since a minimal education is required to exercise other explicit constitutional rights, education should thus be understood to be an implied constitutional right. How, after all, can people meaningfully exercise their First Amendment rights to free speech and association unless they have sufficient education to understand issues and gather information independently?
In past decades, both of these arguments were raised to the U.S. Supreme Court and did not prevail. However, in addition to protecting due process and ensuring equal protection, the 14th Amendment also guarantees the rights of citizenship. It may be plausible, then, to argue that since individuals need a minimal level of education to be effective citizens, this level of educational opportunity should be recognized as a federal right.
Although the U.S. Supreme Court has not yet recognized a federal constitutional right to education, there are some arguments to be made for one.
Since their inception, public schools have served to develop children's ability to participate as active citizens in our nation's democracy. In addition to helping them secure personal gain, prepare for productive work, and accomplish individual goals, education has been expected to create responsible and active participants in American democratic society.
Our nation's founders believed that the success of American democracy depended on the capacity of its citizens to make informed and reasonable decisions about the public good. In those days, the primary rationale for providing public funds for education was to develop a populace that understood political and social issues, could vote wisely, and serve on juries and deliberative bodies. Even today, the goal is to afford all children an adequate education for equal access to participation in our democratic society.
Currently, we treat students as citizens of the state in which they reside and not as citizens of the larger country. Thus, we allow each state to set the parameters of its investment in children and to set the limits of those children's opportunities. In today's world, though, it is becoming increasingly difficult to argue that the education of children in Alabama or Arizona has no significant effect on the people of Mississippi or Michigan, not only insofar as they participate in the larger national economy but also to the extent that their political decisions have implications for the rest of the country. Do we really believe that we can ignore the differences in opportunities provided to individuals just because of their states of residence? Or, given the realities of 21st-century life — at a time when citizens frequently relocate for higher education or work, drive across state borders for dinner, share the same cyberspace, and consume the same media — can we acknowledge that we all have a stake in ensuring that our fellow citizens have the right, as Americans, to an education that allows them to participate in the political process?
Citation: Underwood, J. (2018). Education as an American right? Phi Delta Kappan, 99 (5), 76-77.
3 comments
- Henry St Maurice
Thanks, Julie, for another great column in Kappan.
I have one question: How do countries that direct funds to non-public schools deal with excessively sectarian education?
To this point, the language in UDHR Section 26 upholds tolerance in Section 2:
"Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace."
But it also supports parental choice in Section 3:
"Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children."
In brief, it should be said that, despite constitutional provisions for rights to education and state support of schools, there are too many examples of state support of intolerant education.Julie Underwood
Thanks Henry for your note. Hopefully I am getting the gist of your statement and suggestion.
There are as many ways that nations deal with the balance (or imbalance) of church and state as there are nations. Many countries are church states and others have state churches. That is one of the public policy pieces that sets the U.S. apart from so many other nations.
But as you point out, even in the U.S. there are examples of state financial support for religious schools. I assume you are thinking about public funding through vouchers. As you know, the U.S. Supreme Court has decided that providing funds to religious schools through vouchers does not violate the Establishment Clause. As a result, we provide that type of funding stream to a myriad of religious schools. Some are better schools than others. Some are more tolerant of a diversity of views than others.
Once we step down the path of providing funds to religious schools through vouchers, we cannot discriminate between and among the religious schools based on their own flavor of religion. Doing otherwise would probably be an Establishment violation in itself. We could discriminate against them but only if doing so was a compelling state interest (Is tolerance a compelling state interest? Some would argue so.) and the discrimination was narrowly tailored to achieve a compelling state interest. But banning blanket categories of religions from voucher funding could be an Establishment violation.
Funny how the Establishment Clause works – "no law respecting an establishment of religion" – means neither favoring nor impeding.Rhoda Pappajohn
Good article. In here you state that there are good arguments for establishing a right to an education. What are some reasons not to do that and leave the Constitution as it is? The need for an educated citizenry to run its government has been stated over and over by those who wrote and were involved in politics and government at the early days of this country. Perhaps that falls under the need for personal responsibility in life. What are those arguments that say the Constitution should stand as it is and let states' rights manage education?
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When I talk to people about their health, they usually think of only their physical health. However, our overall health, or well-being, includes our mental and emotional health, too. In fact, our mental and emotional health play a role in our physical health and vice versa. They are tied together like everything else within us and around us. I find, to stay healthy and to avoid common illnesses and injuries, it is necessary to take pro-active steps to de-compress from the go-go-go of today's society. This includes unplugging from all of the electronics, and consequently the Internet.
Mentally we cannot run 24/7 like we often demand of ourselves. We have 24/7 news feeds, 24/7 social websites and let's not forget 24/7 on-line shopping . Even in our sleep we can be holding onto the stresses that accrue over the day, week, month and year. We may clench our jaw, have tense muscles, muscle spasms, or dysfunctional sleep patterns. Many of us suffer from a combination of these problems at some point and time. Other problems that can arise when we do not occasional "unplug" include, tension headaches, anxiety, depression and indigestion.
As hard as it may be to walk away from the phones, ipods, tablets, computers and TVs, "unplugging" is really the first step in giving our mind a brief vacation. And it may seem odd in the sense of electronic terms that in order for us to "reboot" we need to "unplug," but it is what our brain needs. We have been trained to think of our brain as a "computer," but it also closely resembles muscles in many ways, including the fact that is gets fatigued. It needs breaks, whereas a computer does not. Our brain also needs to be fed quality food, whereas a computer does not. Although it may be absurd that I even mention what is surely common knowledge, we can forget in our electronic hyped-society that we are merely humans with limitations. And when I say limitations, I do not mean weaknesses. As long as we recognize our physical, mental and emotional limitations, they do not need to be weaknesses because we can address them accordingly in our lives.
We all need to unplug and reboot in different ways.
1. Shut-off your electronics at a certain time each night. For example, no electronics after 9 pm. This is great for the restless sleeper.
2. Leave the phone at home. For certain errands, go without the smartphone. For example, the farmer's market, movie theater or your parent's house.
3. Take a long weekend and go somewhere away from the buzz of electronics. For example, go camping or find a small cottage in the woods you can rent.
4. Leave the electronics at home during your family vacation, and minimize your cell phone use.
5. Slowly incorporate ways to unplug and reboot daily, weekly, quarterly and yearly to prevent mental fatigue.
When you are unplugged what are some great alternative activities?
1. Board games or cards
2. Reading a book, magazine or newspaper. Yes, the real thing! To stay green check-out a book at the library and recycle magazines and newspapers
3. Meet-up with friends and family. Simply enjoy talking, drinking and eating with good company.
4. Meditate
5. Exercise
6. Sleep
7. Go out and listening to live music
8. Go to the theater and see a play
Electronics have brought endless possibilities to our lives, but let us not loss sight of their place in our lives. We must be willing to occasionally unplug and simply enjoy the world and people around us.


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Speak to one of our expert team members on 0131 525 8600 or fill out our valuation form.
Ravelston, Edinburgh, EH4 3NP
Sold Offers Over £225,000
An attractive and bright 3 bedroom second floor flat with balcony
24 West Court is a most attractive and bright second floor flat with balcony, situated in the sought after Ravelston area of the city and forming part of a popular landscaped development surrounded by its own grounds and having easy parking and a car port.
The property has a leafy outlook to the rear to woodland and stunning views towards Edinburgh Castle and Arthur's Seat to the front.
The accommodation comprises - entrance hallway with large storage cupboard off; sitting room / dining room with access to the west facing balcony; fully fitted kitchen; internal hallway with all bedrooms and storage cupoard off; double bedroom 1 with built in wardrobes; double bedroom 2, bedroom 3 with built in wardrobes; and bathroom.
Ravelston, situated by Murrayfield, has long been established as one of the most desirable suburbs of Edinburgh. It combines some of the finest architecture in Edinburgh with tree-lined avenues, large areas of mature public gardens and peaceful walkways along the Water of Leith. Situated just over a mile from the city centre, it is home to two of the country's most celebrated art galleries. The area is convenient for access out of own to the airport. There are excellent road links and regular buses run frequently in and out of the city. The area is particularly popular with families. Within the impressive Blackhall Primary catchment area it also has several independent schools nearby including St. George's School for Girl's, The Mary Erskine School, Stewart's Melville College, Fettes College and The Edinburgh Academy all within easy reach. Murrayfield Golf Course is within very close proximity, as is Ravelston Golf Club. There is a number of other sporting and leisure facilities close by, including the Murrayfield Ice Rink. There is a good range of local shops in Roseburn and the Craigleith Retail Park is a short walk/car journey away.
The property is surrounded by its private and well maintained landscaped grounds. Gated residents access is also available to Queensferry Road via the wooded Owen Kelly Place.
There is a car port and ample free and easy off street parking is available directly outside the development.
All fitted carpets, fitted floor coverings, curtains, blinds, light fittings and kitchen appliances are included in the sale price. All items of furniture are available by separate negotiation.
The property is heated by electric under floor central heating.
The development is factored by Charles White.
© 2019 Simpson & Marwick


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With only few days to go for the end of current financial year, it's high time now that we should estimate the tax payable by us and analyse whether there is scope to reduce our tax outgo. This is so because investments which are made in the period April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017, can only be claimed as deduction from the total income for FY 2016-17.
Here are some of the necessary tax compliances you must do before 31st March:
1. Invest in appropriate investments
To reduce the tax outgo, you can invest in various instruments such as PPF, ELSS, Insurance Policy, NPS, Tax Saving FD etc. that qualify for deduction under income Tax act. But whatever option you choose, payment for the investment must be made from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017 in order to claim it as a deduction in your income tax return for the current financial year 2016-17.
For instance If you have paid single LIC premium of Rs 25,000 on February 20, 2017 for the period of one year up to February 19, 2018. You can claim the whole amount in your return for FY 2016-17 as the payment is made before March 31, 2017.
Similarly, If you are planning to invest in NPS, make payment before March 31. Do remember to make the minimum contribution is Rs 6,000 which must be made to keep your account active. Minimum contribution for PPF is Rs 500.
In case of PPF, ELSS or Tax saving FD or charity u/s sec 80G, you need to make the payment before March 31 in order to claim in the return for the current financial year. If you are a salaried individual, then make sure that you have submitted the proof of all these documents to your employer such as receipts of insurance premium paid, tuition fees of children, investment in PPF or any other investment made for tax purposes. Submission of relevant documents will help your employer to calculate your correct tax liability and also avoids the excess deduction of tax from your salary. But don't worry if you could not submit these documents to your employer in time, Section 80 deductions can be claimed directly in your next return. So if you haven't fully utilized the limit u/s sec 80C or sec 80D you can still maximise your deductions by making payment for them before March 31.
2. Pay Advance Tax
Advance tax is to be paid by every individual if his tax liability in a financial year, exceeds Rs 10,000. So even if TDS has been deducted on your income but TDS is not sufficient to cover the entire tax liability, make sure that you pay the advance tax. The taxpayers who opt for presumptive scheme (Where business income is assumed at 8% of turnover) are also required to pay whole amount of their advance tax before March 15. Advance tax is also applicable to people doing freelancing work if their total tax liability exceeds Rs 10,000. The last due date for the payment of advance tax is to 15th March but even if you pay after March 15 but before March 31, it will be treated as advance tax payment. Interest @1% per month is required to be paid for the late payment of advance tax.
3. Claim the reimbursements
If you are salaried individual then you must be entitled to certain reimbursements as per your salary structure such as medical reimbursements, Telephone, leave travel, house rent allowance and so on, and then you must submit the proof of such expenses to your employer in order to claim the tax exemption. Otherwise these components will become Taxable for instance if you are entitled for medical reimbursement of Rs 15,000, then you must submit the medical bills worth Rs 15,000.If you submit the bills worth Rs 10,000 then remaining Rs 5000 becomes taxable. Also the proof of such reimbursements such as rent receipts, telephone bills, travel tickets to claim LTA must be submitted to employer on time as the tax benefit of these can be claimed only through employer and not at the time of filing tax returns.
4. File the return for FY 2014-15 and FY 2015-16, if not already done
Though as per the income tax rules, the last date for filing income tax return for FY 2014-15 and FY 2015-16 has already gone, but you can still file your return for FY 2014-15 and FY 2015-16. Returns for FY 2014-15, cannot be filed after March 31, 2017. Generally, no penalty is levied, only in rare cases penalty up to Rs 5000 may be levied. Filing of return helps an individual in many ways say while applying for a loan or to claim your income tax refund. So it's high time for you to file your returns before March 31 for these financial years if you haven't already done so.
This article has been published in Times Of India Business.


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A blond guy and a brunette girl were happily married and about to have a baby. One day, the wife started having contractions, so the husband rushed her to the hospital. He held her hand as she went through a trying birth. In the end, there were two little baby boys.
The blond guy turned to his wife and angrily said, "All right, who's the other father!?!"
A girl was visiting her blonde friend, who had acquired two new dogs, and asked her what their names were…
The blonde responded by saying that one was named Rolex and one was named Timex.
Her friend said, "Whoever heard of someone naming dogs like that?"
"HELLOOOOOO," answered the blond. "They're watch dogs!"
A policeman pulled a blonde over after she'd been driving the wrong way on a one-way street.
Cop: Do you know where you were going?
Blonde: No, but wherever it is, it must be bad, cause all the people were leaving!
A blonde went to the appliance store sale and found a bargain. "I would like to buy this TV," she told the salesman. "Sorry, we don't sell to blondes," he replied. She hurried home and dyed her hair, then came back and again told the salesman "I would like to buy this TV." "Sorry, we don't sell to blondes," he replied. "Darn, he recognized me," she thought. She went for a complete disguise this time, haircut and new color, new outfit, big sunglasses, then waited a few days before she again approached the salesman. "I would like to buy this TV." Sorry, we don't sell to blondes," he replied. Frustrated, she exclaimed "How do you know I'm a blonde?" "Because that's a microwave," he replied.
A Blonde airhead goes for a job interview in an office. The interviewer starts with the basics. "So, Miss, can you tell us your age, please?" The blonde counts carefully on her fingers for half a minute before replying "Ehhhh… 22!" The interviewer tries another straightforward one to break the ice. "And can you tell us your height, please?" The young lady stands up and produces a measuring tape from her handbag. She then traps one end under her foot and extends the tape to the top of her head. She checks the measurement and announces "Five foot two!" This isn't looking good so the interviewer goes for the real basics; something the interviewee won't have to count, measure, or lookup. "Just to confirm for our records, your name please?" The airhead bobs her head from side to side for about ten seconds, mouthing something silently to herself, before replying "MANDY!" The interviewer is completely baffled at this stage, so he asks – "What in the world were you doing when I asked you your name?" "Ohhhh, that!" replies the airhead… " I was just running through that song -' Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you, happy birthday dear…' "
A blonde, brunette and a redhead were chosen to be apart of a science experiment.
The scientist said "Think of any place you would like to go and you will instantly be there"
The brunette said "I want to go to Australia"
Instantly she was poofed to Australia
Then the redhead said "I want to go to Antarctica" and instantly she was poofed to Antarctica"
The blonde said " I want to go to the sun"
The scientist said "but you will burn to death"
Blonde replied" duhh ill go at night"


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Experiencing Legal Family Problems: Hire A Family Lawyer
February 10, 2010
Almost all families around the world, rich or poor, are suffering different forms of troubles. During a family dispute, most people are emotionally and technically unstable. They are sometimes incapable to handle property disputes and child sustenance. They can make decisions that could lead into more troubles. At this stage, children may suffer a lot. Family troubles involving legal matters are divorce, domestic violence, child custody, division of properties, and many more. In situations like these, professional assistance of Family Lawyer is badly needed.
Family Attorney can assist you get effective solutions to your legal concerns. The following matters will help you consider a Family Lawyer: a. Your partner owns a personal property or business. b. Your husband or wife is demanding for child custody. c. Your partner is limiting your visitation to your children. d. There is an unjust property settlement. e. The attorney of the other party is too demoralising and rough.
Your Family Attorney will guide you and render you advices on child sustenance and divorce. Your attorney will talk terms with your partner's attorney to have an favorable settlement of your family's properties.
The court will grant your divorce if it is satisfied with the arrangement of the well-being of the kids. If you can provide the children good education, a comfortable place to stay, and their other needs, the court might consider you. They will do a research if your are emotionally and physically capable of taking care of them. If you are not satistified with the court's decision, your Family Lawyer will assist you and appeal to the court on your behalf. In terms of property settlement, if the articles about the property settlement are just for both parties, the court will give a consent order. This consent order should be carried like the court order.
Family Lawyers are sensitive and understanding to the needs of his or her client. So choose a lawyer that can give you the best legal assistance you need.


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Document Type: Original Article
1 Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
3 Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
4 School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
5 Social Health Determinants Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Main Subjects
Error is an inevitable aspect of all the professions particularly health and treatment-related jobs.1 Medical errors directly impact patient outcomes and have high burden of cost and suffering from all involved.2,3 Results of a study revealed that the total annual cost of measurable medical errors in the United States were about $1 billion in 2009.2 Medical errors are common among all health care setting. In one study, in 2008, Northcott et al., reported that about 37% of households had experienced a medical error in Alberta, Canada.4 Nursing error is one type of health care team member's errors that can result in irreparable and irremediable damages (e.g. permanent disability or death).5 A nursing error is defined as a discipline- specific term that encompasses an unintended 'mishap' made by a nurse and where a nurse is the one who is situated at the 'sharp end' of an event that adversely affected-or could have adversely affected-a patient's safety and quality care.3 Most commonly nursing errors in hospital setting are falls, pressure ulcers, infections, medication errors, documenting errors, and equipment injuries.6,7 The incidence of nursing errors in intensive care units is high because of characteristics of these wards and the nature of its patients.8,9 Results of previous study revealed that in average, critically ill patients who admitted to intensive care unit experience 1.7 errors per day and nearly all suffer a potentially life threatening error at some point during their stay than patients in other hospital wards.7 The patient's safety and the improvement of quality of delivered care to patients are at the first priority for the nurses. Nurses play a vital role in preventing errors that may negatively impact critically ill patient health. In order to plan for preventing and decreasing rate of nursing errors, understanding of nurse's perception of nursing errors could be very helpful. However studies in this regard are limited. This study was thus designed to examine the critical care nurses perception of nursing errors and its risk factors from view point of critical care nurses.
This study employed a descriptive design and was conducted in all hospitals, in Qazvin, Iran. Using convenience sampling, all qualified registered nurses (N= 410) working in 14 different wards (ICU, CCU and emergency) at the nine hospitals were invited to participate in the study. Consent was implicit by respondent's decision to return the completed questionnaire. Participants were assured that all data would remain anonymous, kept confidential and be stored safely. Ethical approval was obtained from Qazvin University of Medical Sciences prior to the collection of any data. Data were collected from January to March 2015. Questionnaire packages containing a demographic variables questionnaire (self-designed), and the "predisposing factors of nursing errors questionnaire". This questionnaire developed by Mashouf et al., in 2014 and contains four items includes "unit's physical and environmental conditions (9 question)", "team coordination (7 question)", "training and skills of nursing staff (11 questions)" and" aspect of management (13 questions)". They reported Cronbach's alpha of 82% for their questionnaire.10 Questionnaires distributed by the head nurse of each ward and researcher (AM) in all three work shifts (days, evenings, and nights). Participants answered individually during work hours and returned the test to the researcher after given some oral information about the questionnaire items. Descriptive statistics, Fisher exact test, Wilks' lambda and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze data. All data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and a variable was found to be statistically significant if P<0.05.
Of 410 nurses 379 nurses participated in this study, giving a response rate of 93%. Of these, 77.8% (N= 213) were women and mostly married (75%). The mean age of participants was 34±2.2 years and year mean of experience was 8.1±1.5 years. Totally, from view of nurses in present study, most common cusec of nursing errors were related to "management aspect" and lowest common cusec were related to "Team coordination" items (Figure 1). In category 1 (unit's physical and environmental conditions), most common and less common causes determined by nurses were "Improper behavior of patients and their relatives" and "Long distance between nursing station and patients rooms or beds" respectively (Table 1).
Figure 1: Mean and present of nurses response to each domains of questionnaire
Table 1: Nurses responses to items related to aspect of the unit environmental conditions
Items No Somewhat Yes 1) Long distance between nursing station and patients rooms or beds 154(14.2%) 152(11.7%) 73(6.5%)
2) The lack of suitable space for report writing 137(12.6%) 151(11.5%) 91(8.1%)
3) Lack of sufficient time to evaluate and monitor patients 71(6.5%) 149(11.4%) 163(14.6%)
4) Not visibility of all nursing units from the nursing station 115(10.6%) 152(11.7%) 112(10.1%)
5) Small area of medication room 142(13.1%) 126(9.6%) 133(11.9%)
6) Low lighting 168(15.5%) 132(10%) 99(8.9%)
7) Inappropriate organization and placement of medical supplies 127(11.7%) 169(12.9%) 114(10.3%)
8) Much bustle and noise in the unit 87(8.03%) 142(10.7%) 158(14.2%)
9) Improper behavior of patients and their relatives 82(7.5%) 134(10.2%) 168(15.1%)
In category 2 (team coordination), most common and less common causes determined by nurses were "Inappropriate relationships between members of the nursing team" and "Inappropriate treatment of the members of the supervisory team at the time of nursing error detection" respectively (Table 2).
Table 2: Nurses responses to items related to aspect of team coordination
Items No Somewhat Yes 1) Inappropriate relationships between members of the nursing team 90(15.6%) 187(15.2%) 101(11.8%) 2) Inappropriate relationships between physician and members of the nursing team 69(12%) 174(14.7%) 131(15.3%) 3) The lack of proper hierarchy between the personnel to control the unit 96(16.7%) 177(14.8%) 106(12.4%) 4) Inappropriate relationships between the nursing and nursing directors 88(15.5%) 183(15%) 108(12.7%) 5) Not involvement of patient in the care process 73(12.7%) 166(16.3%) 107(12.6%) 6) Inappropriate treatment of the members of the supervisory team at the time of nursing error detection 66(11.4%) 155(12.6%) 158(18.5%) 7) Improper division of duties beyond work abilities by the supervisor of the unit 92(16.1%) 146(11.94%) 141(16.5%)
In category 3 (training and skills of nursing staff), most common and less common causes determined by nurses were "Not use of staff trained and expert in the specialized care" and "Lack of enough acquaintance with the method of the application of the unit's supplies" respectively (Table 3).
Table 3: Nurses responses to items related to aspect of staff skill and training
Items No Somewhat Yes 1) Lack of enough acquaintance with the method of the application of the unit's supplies 137(12.8%) 147(8.1%) 95(7.2%) 2) Lack of the personnel's control on the Tralee code and supplies of the unit 140(13.1%) 141(7.7%) 98(7.4%) 3) Lack of adequate skills in performing some procedures 111(10.4%) 160(8.8%) 108(8.2%) 4) Lack of access to scientific resources and results of the latest scholarly researches in the units 86(8.1%) 202(11.1%) 109(8.3%) 5) Lack of proper educational facilities and space in the workplace 71(6.6%) 181(10%) 127(9.6%) 6) Lack of personal motivation and interest to learn in the occupational area 91(8.5%) 159(8.7%) 129(9.8%) 7) Managers apathy towards education 99(9.3%) 158(8.7%) 122(9.2%) 8) Lack of proper education system in the hospital 92(8.6%) 154(8.5%) 133(10.1%) 9) Lack of acquaintance with the professional rules and regulations 113(10.6%) 163(9%) 103(7.8%) 10) Not use of staff trained and expert in the specialized care 65(6.1%) 163(9%) 151(11.5%) 11) Not attend in the appropriate educational classes based on the work environment 59(5.5%) 182(10%) 138(10.5%)
In category 4 (aspect of management), most common and less common causes determined by nurses were "Inappropriate
organization of nursing personnel in the unit" and "Lack of policies and guidelines" respectively (Table 4).
Table 4: Nurses responses to items related to management aspect
Items No Somewhat Yes 1) Inappropriate method of supervision and monitoring in the unit 108(10.2%) 145(8.9%) 123(7.95%) 2) Lack of continuous monitoring on the part of the units' authorities 98(9.3%) 183(11.2%) 107(6.9%) 3) Part-time use of untrained personnel 109(10.3%) 115(7.1%) 155(10.1%) 4)Low ratio of nurses to patients 33(3.1%) 108(6.6%) 238(15.3%) 5)Inappropriate organization of nursing personnel in the unit 80(7.6%) 149(9.1%) 150(9.6%) 6) Lack of policies and guidelines 158(15.1%) 147(9.1%) 93(6.1%) 7) Lack of standard devices and advanced medical supplies 116(11.1%) 160(9.8%) 103(6.6%) 8)Lack of proper error reporting and recording systems 113(10.7%) 170(10.4%) 96(6.2%) 9)Inappropriate treatment by managers at the time of nursing error detection 61(5.8%) 165(10.1%) 153(9.8%) 10) Lack of incentive programs on the part of the managers 76(7.2%) 143(8.8%) 186(12.1%) 11) Lack of exact job description for nursing personnel 99(9.4%) 137(8.4%) 186(12.1%) 12) High workloads for nurses 108(10.27%) 145(8.9%) 123(6.9%) 13) Failure to identify errors in intensive care units 98(9.3%) 183(11.2%) 107(6.9%)
Nursing errors in all hospital and clinical settings includes critical care units are inevitable.11 But it is possible to reduce and minimize the incidence of errors by correcting planning and using an efficient system.10 Results in the current study revealed that lack of ratio in staff to patients, lack of exact job duty for nursing personnel, nurses heavy work load, not using of specialist nurses who are expert in critical care, inappropriate behavior of the members of safety team at the time of nursing error detection, lack of related policies and guidelines, lack of standard devices and advanced medical supplies, improper behavior of patients and their relatives, inappropriate relationships between members of the nursing team were the most common predisposing factors of nursing errors determined by critical care nurses in present study. Study about nurses' perception about nursing errors usually is limited to studies that examined nurse's perception about medication errors (one type of nursing errors).11,13-15 and studies that examined nurses perception of all domains of nursing errors includes falls, pressure ulcers development, infections, documenting errors, and equipment injuries that are limited to few studies.5,10,12 In one study in this regards, with using the same questionnaire Mashouf et al., examined perception of 126 nurses from nursing errors in Tabriz in 2014.10 Similar to finding of present study, most common cause of nursing error determined in Mashouf et al., study were related to management aspect.9 Managers (hospital and wards) have key role in preventing nursing errors.10 They are usually responsible for guided and controlled use of protocols, policies and standards to prevent nursing errors by their nursing personnel. They are also responsible for managing occurred errors.9 In other study in this regards in 2012, Baghaei et al., examined critical care nurses perception from nursing errors. They reported that the environment aspect as the most important predisposing factor of nursing errors, and the aspects of education, coordination and management have said as the next predisposing factors of nursing errors respectively.12 Their finding is in contrast with findings in present study. This difference can be related to difference in sample size of two studies (380 versus 201) or different types of instruments used in two studies. Questionnaire used by Baghaei et al., consisted of 14 questions which is not enough to examine nurses' perception in this regard.12 Nursing errors are serious health problem that threaten patient safety especially in critical care setting. Previous study reported that the nursing errors development is inevitable in clinical setting. Therefore, health care providers need to focus on optimizing the system to reduce errors.16 For this reason, several strategy and intervention could be effective. For example, defining and categories errors (adverse event, near miss, never event, and sentinel event), list causes and types of most common nursing errors such as falls, pressure ulcers development and medication error (this works increase nurses' sensitivity to errors and decrease chance of occurrence), identifying populations with special vulnerability to nursing errors for example elder patients that are agitated are at higher risk of falls or patients who need to receive several types of oral and injection drug are at higher risk of medication errors, use of standard strategies and guideline for planning and interventions to prevent nursing errors for example use of a multidisciplinary pressure ulcer prevention program significantly decrease the rate of unusual pressure ulcers development among patients who are at risk of pressure ulcer or implement an standard hand washing protocol for all workers that are in contact with patients can decrease risk of infections, and provide an intimate clinical setting to nurses who reports their errors. Results of one study in this regards that examined nurses' perceptions and experiences with medication errors revealed that fear of consequences that may result in a
medication error is reported, fear of being guilty if something happens to the patient due to a medication error, and fear of a reprimand if they reported a medication error had been made are three major barriers reporting medication errors by nurses.17
Nursing educational systems should have more attention to nurses' perception on nursing errors and may consider their view during planning and education towards decreasing nursing errors. Lack of staff to patients ratio, lack of exact job description for nursing personnel, nurses heavy workload, not using of staff trained and expert in the specialized care, inappropriate behavior of the members of safety team at the time of nursing error detection, lack of policies and guidelines, lack of standard devices and advanced medical supplies, improper behavior of patients and their relatives, inappropriate relationships between members of the nursing team of nursing errors development by nurses. Further study in this regards are recommended.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
The authors thank all participants who helped in this research.


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One of the best ways to communicate the meaning of data is by extracting the important parts and presenting them graphically. This is helpful both for internal use, as an exploration technique to spot patterns that aren't obvious from the raw values, and as a way to succinctly present end users with understandable results. As the Web has turned graphs from static images to interactive objects, the lines between presentation and exploration have blurred. The possibilities of the new medium have led to some of the fantastic new tools I cover in this section.
Gephi is an open source Java application that creates network visualizations from raw edge and node graph data. It's very useful for understanding social network information; one of the project's founders was hired by LinkedIn, and Gephi is now used for LinkedIn visualizations. There are several different layout algorithms, each with multiple parameters you can tweak to arrange the positions of the nodes in your data. If there are any manual changes you want to make, to either the input data or the positioning, you can do that through the data laboratory, and once you've got your basic graph laid out, the preview tab lets you customize the exact appearance of the rendered result. Though Gephi is best known for its window interface, you can also script a lot of its functions from automated backend tools, using its toolkit library.
GraphViz is a command-line network graph visualization tool. It's ...
No credit card required


text: Well, my dad's condition has reached another level. He's starting to nap in other poeple's rooms, whether he's in a daze and/or out of fatigue, before he locates his own room. Today, the room's resident came in and yelled at dad to get out, startled dad it seemed, so my dad smacked him in the face! Skin tears and a bruise later, my dad doesn't have any recollection at all. And often still won't take his meds unless I'm on the phone or in person to coax him. Sigh.