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"Like Garbo, I have been given many labels by the newspapers, 'Very nearly as handsome as Valentino' . . . 'the masculine version of that mysterious fascination with Garbo's.' [But] I am tired of being just a screen lover, and I hope someday to get a chance to be myself. I am rather like Greta in that I like to be alone. I love peace and quiet. Hollywood is really no place for me. I stagnate here . . . I only feel awake when the air is fresh and crisp as in my native Scandinavia." — Nils Asther
Nils Asther was a queer Swedish actor who found his success in silent films and was loved by the media for his wallflower persona. Unsurprisingly then, he was often compared to Greta Garbo, another Swedish actor. While she was significantly more famous, she took similar steps following her career path, and so these two stories are often thrown together. Today we will untangle them to look at Nils Asther.
Born in Denmark in 1897, Asther spent his first years in foster care, as his parents were unmarried. When his parents later married they took him to live with them in Malmö. Against his abusive father's wishes, he got a head start in acting with his training from stage actress Augusta Lindberg. By 1916 he was cast in his first film, The Wings, based on the novel Mikael by Herman Bang.
Richard Dryer, author of Now You See It, describes The Wings production writing:
"The key personnel were all gay. Herman Bang's novel, published in 1904, was well known and he himself was a notoriously gay figure, a kind of melancholy Oscar Wilde…The scriptwriter and designer, Alex Esbensen was gay. Mauritz Stiller, the director, was not only gay but a flamboyant man about town…One of Stiller's most important relationships was with Nils Asther, the Danish actor who plays himself in Vingarne, his first film."
It is speculated that Asther was originally hired because of his romantic relationship with Mauritz Stiller, and later Aage Hertel also supported Asther, which led to a number of roles in Swedish film.
As he rose in fame, Asther, like many other Swedish celebrities at the time, was approached by Hollywood executives. By Asther's account, they knocked right on his door.
"I had not yet got out of bed and was waiting for morning coffee when there came a knock on the door. Unannounced, it was a Mr. Berman from the U.S.A. Hat in hand, an extinct cigar hung from the corner of the mouth. 'Hallo, Asther! You are going to Hollywood. You have a future there. You're the type that the girls will run after.' Uninvited, he had thrown himself down in an uncomfortable chair. He mistook my silence for awe, for he galloped in with a bunch of promises of life in Hollywood. He represented the prominent United Artists and told me what I already knew, that it was owned by Douglas Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin and Norma Talmadge with Joseph Schenk as the Director. I would stay at the finest clubs and a Cadillac would be the only car for me, etc. Where the hell was the coffee…?"
And though the introduction was unconventional, by the end of that month Asther would end up in Hollywood, a decision he would regret for the rest of his life. This must have been at least in part because Asther was known to be something of an introvert, despite his career in entertainment. When he was younger he was scolded for being too focused on reading and while he did have close friends throughout his life he also had a tendency to isolate himself.
On his thirtieth birthday, for example, he was alone and wrote himself a self-deprecating message:
"Congratulations on the birthday, you old rascal! Not that you deserve it, but may your future become light and fun, with great success. Well, why not world renown to satisfy your vanity? Beautiful girls, a thousand of them, and coins in large quantities, and good health so that you can enjoy these creature comforts. May all your dreams come true, even the idiotic ones. And when you're drinking in a villa in Italy or Spain, where you can live in peace and with peace of mind, free from ambitions and desires, may you finally get your easel, canvases, brushes, and paints. Cheers to you, old boy."
When he was asked to describe himself he said "I am not a pleasant person. I am not gay and amusing and social. I am ingrown, introspective, and analytical. To speak of things that affect me deeply and to speak of them honestly is a burden."
All of this made Asther's arrival to the United States of America difficult as the culture there highly valued extroversion and pleasantries that he was not interested in. Fortunately for him, or more accurately fortunately for his publicists, the United States was at that time growing quite a fascination over the quiet nature of some of their (white) immigrated stars. This part of his nature was highlighted to give him a mysterious edge and make him seem foreign. Not too foreign, of course, as he realized after he received backlash for speaking French with a French waiter.
It was during his time in Hollywood that Asther's life truly became a balancing act. While it is true that he was in many ways an introverted figure, that by no means should suggest he was ever subtle.
He was a man who climbed out of a window in an attempt to preserve an acting teacher's honour, and decided to buy a cabin in the middle of the woods for himself and Greta Garbo in the spur of the moment. He did this without also buying furniture, forcing both to sleep on the floor.
He was meant to seem cold and aloof to the public, a popular look for Scandinavian actors at the time, but he was also meant to be a family man. Ending up in a lavender marriage (marriage in which the partners have different, generally incompatible, sexualities) with Vivian Duncan, he found himself unhappy and refused to keep up the charade for long. After rumors began to spread as to why he had left a wife and child, Hollywood fixers responded by allowing an article to be published speculating queerness. While queerness might be begrudgingly tolerated in Hollywood at the time, it was not to be encouraged, and it most certainly was not to be public.
Despite the concerted efforts of those around him, the marriage ended after only two years.
His heritage was another constant tipping point for him. While it was supposed to give him a "suave" foreign edge for American audiences, he was meant to hide his accent and often avoid speaking entirely. Upon the introduction of talkies, he was forced to hire a vocal coach. At times, however, his accent was used as a stand-in for a Chinese accent, such as his role as a Chinese man in The Bitter Tea of General Yen. The role was intended for someone of Chinese descent but was given to him instead. The director Frank Capra discussed the decision later.
"General Yen was a big casting problem. I knew what I did not want—a well-known star made up as [a Chinese man]. I looked for a tall, overpowering, real Chinese. But there was no tall Chinese in casting directories, or even in laundries; most Chinese-Americans were short Cantonese. After many interviews, we settled on a not-too-well-known Swedish actor, Nils Asther. He was tall, blue-eyed, handsome; spoke with a slightly pedantic "book" accent; his impassive face promised the serenity and mystery of a centuries-old culture"
His life as a Swedish man, of course, brings us to Greta Garbo. Their relationship was something for the books. Upon meeting, Asther described her saying:
"Suddenly she looked up and into my eyes. It felt like I was hit by a thunderbolt. I stared bewitched at her. But it seemed like she did not notice me. Her girlish face seemed to me wonderfully beautiful. My whole body was carried by a pleasant springing sensation, which I never before experienced, and the effects of which I could never completely free myself from. Something strange had happened inside me. The peculiar theatre student had lit a fire of love in me, bordering on bliss. It insisted that I must join with her forever."
Their relationship did not seem to fade with time, distance, or it seems failed proposals. As it happened, Asther ended up proposing to Garbo three times before finally getting the picture. It is hard to say if his love for her was romantic, though the way he talks about her and his proposals definitely seems to lean that way. The possibility that the marriage would be another lavender one cannot be ignored though, as the arrangement would seemingly suit them both, expanding their freedom to pursue queer escapades, while also giving them someone they cared about to come home to.
This theory becomes more understandable when you realize that Garbo most likely knew of Asther's sexuality, whatever it may have been. Garbo tended to gravitate towards queer people, and on the set of one of their films, she chastised him for handling her roughly:
"I'm not one of your sailors!"
'Sailors' being the term she used to describe her friends who were queer men.
So it is likely that they both knew of the other's queerness, but with Asther's we come upon a problem. It is unclear as to whether he was bisexual or gay. From the readings of his work, it does seem that he was attracted to women, though there is a margin of error because of his constant self loathing, particularly in regards to his sexuality.
All taken into account, our judgment call is that he was attracted to both men and women, and one of those women was Garbo. They shared a similar childhood and both missed their home country, finding Hollywood tiresome much of the time. And while Asther did get frustrated with the comparisons to Garbo, he held nothing but affection for the women herself:
"When she laughs, it's a silent, breathless kind of laugh, that shakes her whole person but makes very little noise. She likes to be led and is easily influenced by anyone she admires.' But like him, in his opinion, "she probably isn't very happy."
And in the end, that is what coloured Asther's time in Hollywood the most. He hated the lack of opera houses and stage plays, the publicity stunts, the personas, and as his career dimmed he went home to Sweden, without much money, and played out the rest of his fading fame.
In the end, he gave up acting and pursued an altogether different creative passion. He became a painter, something he was interested in since he was young, and he seemed to enjoy it in a way he hadn't enjoyed acting in a long time.
He died in 1981 in Sweden and was later given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
But even with that honour, his feelings on his time in the United States were quite clear in his writing:
"There is nothing that I more bitterly regret than leaving Sweden and giving myself to the violence of film. Above all, I let myself be caught by the untruthful Hollywood dream factory, where I experienced my life's most terrible nightmares."
Nils Asther was a mess of a man who made his fair share of mistakes and faced many a failure. While he was introspective, he was still tipping over into the realm of flamboyance and dramatics at any given moment. He was a man stuck in the middle, constantly too much and not enough. Even in remembering him and giving respect to his memory, there is a careful balance that must be maintained. His decisions and the people he hurt with his work and his legacy must be acknowledged. He, like many of those we look at, is complex, nuanced, and messy. To remove ourselves from that mess is to deny reality. Whether that is to deny the hurt he caused, or deny him entrance into the history of our community because of his lack of moral purity.
To feel conflicted about how to understand or pin down his legacy is a completely understandable response. No one should be denied the right to feel angry or upset about his choices and their impact. To paint him as a hero or a villain would be lies of equal magnitude. That is the reason why he is so important to discuss. His issues are our issues. The queer community cannot remove itself from the harm that exists inside of our community and our history.
When we ignore the truth and look at his life as though he was clean of any bad decisions or behaviours, we hurt the people those truths hurt. When we ignore the complexities and more relatable parts of his life we remove ourselves from his mistakes, washing our hands of any person who has failed, we make it harder to learn how to succeed. In the end, we need to feel connected to people who are complex and messy, because seeing ourselves in history is important, flaws and all.
[Disclaimer: some of the sources may contain triggering material]
Lussier, Tim. "Nils Asther: Reluctant Star." Silents Are Golden. http://www.silentsaregolden.com/articles/NilsAstherarticle.html
Blau, Eleanor. "Nils Asther, 84, Leading Man in Hollywood in 20s and 30s." The New York Times. 16 Oct 1981. https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/16/obituaries/nils-asther-84-leading-man-in-hollywood-in-20-s-and-30-s.html
Levy, Francis. "The Bitter Tea of General Yen Inaugurates Stanwyck Retrospective at Film Forum." Huffington Post. 9 Dec 2013. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/francis-levy/the-bitter-tea-of-general_b_4412761.html
Albert, Katherine. "Something About Myself." Photoplay. Jan 1929. http://www.archive.org/stream/photoplay3536movi#page/n8/mode/1up
"Nils Asther." The Swedish Film Database. Swedish Film Institute. http://www.svenskfilmdatabas.se/en/item/?type=person&itemid=57818
Brown, Shane. Queer Sexualities in Early Film. London: I.B. Tauris, 2016.
Lunde, Arne. Nordic Exposures: Scandinavian Identities in Classical Hollywood Cinema. University of Washington Press, 2010.
Slide, Anthony. Silent Topics: Essays on Undocumented Areas of Silent Film. Scarecrow Press, 2004.


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In the Middle Ages, many cavernous halls displayed woven tapestries as symbols of status. However, living in a time of fiberglass insulation and central heating, we often forget the lack of sound-deadening qualities these large, cold halls exhibited, making large tapestries more than pieces of art, but a sound-proofing tool that protected againsted the damp, chilly winters. Tapestries had the further advantage of being easily transportable between residences while often depicting historical events.
Source: Dayton Art Institute, Wikipedia

subset: commoncrawl


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It's normal to experience gastroesophageal reflux ("acid reflux") once in a while after eating. For most people, this acid reflux is a mild form of heartburn that can be controlled with over-the-counter medications, changes in food choices or changes in the quantity eaten at one time. If mild heartburn persists, your primary care.
Antacids were never created to be given out like candy. Initially, they were prescribed for people who were greatly suffering from severe ulcers. What kind of harm are these acid blockers doing to our bodies? These medications decrease the acid that is causing the reflux, but your stomach actually needs this acid to keep the.
The health promoting effects of raw, unfiltered organic apple cider vinegar.
Indigestion After Eating Spicy Food Here is a list of eight foods that cause acid reflux. not eat spicy or sour food,that. feel the heartburn and the food that i always eat in. When my patients come in complaining of getting burning chest pain after eating spicy food, or burping up hot acid and/or regurgitating food that wakes them up in the. Aug 30, 2017. Do you suffer from heartburn after eating certain foods? Learn why some foods can trigger acid reflux and how to tell which affect you. increase heartburn are: Caffeinated beverages. Carbonated beverages; Alcohol; Spicy foods; Black pepper; Citrus fruit and juices
Heartburn is something that most adults will experience during their lifetime. It is characterized by an uncomfortable burning sensation right behind the breastbone.
Heartburn-like pain is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). But several other conditions can cause a burning feeling in your
Heartburn is something that most adults will experience during their lifetime. It is characterized by an uncomfortable burning sensation right behind the breastbone.
So does Hait think that I should have done things differently–and refused Protonix? "Some pregnant women have such severe acid reflux they can't eat because they are in so much pain," Hait says. "This is obviously not good for the.
CBN TV – Years of Harmful Acid Reflux Stopped Cold – Years of Harmful Acid Reflux Stopped Cold. For years Lucy dealt with symptoms of severe acid reflux, causing her to have problems eating and sleeping, but in July 2013 her damaged esophagus was healed during a prayer on The 700 Club. Read Transcript. I woke up one night, and it was like my heart was. going so fast.
Apr 21, 2017. SIOUX CITY | After taking proton pump inhibitors or PPIs to treat her chronic acid reflux, Debra Uhl developed osteoporosis, a disease that causes bones to become more porous, gradually.
Heartburn may be a symptom of a more severe condition like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Q. What is GERD? A. GERD is a disorder of the digestive tract that can lead to serious complications if left untreated. GERD.
The Extreme Acid Reflux Worst Foods For Acid Reflux Disease Can Acid Reflux Cause Coughing Up Mucus and Can Acid Reflux Cause Hiccups that Whats The Best Thing For.
SIOUX CITY | After taking proton pump inhibitors or PPIs to treat her chronic acid reflux, Debra Uhl developed osteoporosis, a disease that causes bones to become more porous, gradually making them weak and brittle. Long.
Indeed a recent survey on acid reflux conducted at the earth clinic web site ranked apple cider vinegar as the best of all the home remedies suggested to relieve the symptoms of occasional heartburn or acid. I suffered with acid reflux and had a couple of severe bouts when my husband thought I was having a heart attack.
People with asthma are at higher risk of developing GERD. Asthma flare-ups can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, allowing stomach contents to flow back, or reflux, into the esophagus. Some asthma medications (especially theophylline) may worsen reflux symptoms. On the other hand, acid reflux can make.
Find help for acid reflux (GERD) symptoms, treatment, causes, and prevention. Learn more about Barrett's Esophagus and esophageal cancer.
Matthew foster from Ripon, North Yorkshire, underwent a new NHS procedure for his acid reflux, involving an electric needle which fires low voltage electricity waves.
Oct 23, 2017 · Hi: It seems like there are many more people suffering from acid reflux than ever before. Professionals offer only medications and surgery.
Wedge pillow – Eradicate discomfort whilst sleeping. Ideal for sufferers of acid reflux, gerd, heartburn, stomach acid & reflux symptoms. Free UK Delivery!
Discover what severe acid reflux can indicate and what you can do about bad acid reflux. You do not have to deal with extreme acid reflux!
Proton-Pump Inhibitors (PPI): If you have frequent and severe heartburn symptoms, PPIs are long-acting prescription medications that block acid production and allow time for damaged esophageal tissue to heal. They include Nexium,
Gastroesophageal (pronounced: gas-tro-ih-sah-fuh-JEE-ul) reflux disease is a disorder that results from stomach acid moving backward from the stomach into the esophagus. GERD usually happens because the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) — the muscular valve where the esophagus joins the stomach — opens at.
10 Signs and Symptoms of G. definitely get them to a family doctor to start treating it before it becomes severe. If left untreated, acid reflux can cause a.
Furthermore, MD-Health.com says, "One of the most severe causes of cold sweats is heart attack. Mayo Clinic says indigestion could signal a heart attack. While.
Severe, chronic heartburn is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The main symptom of GERD in adults is frequent, burning pain in the lower part of the chest, behind the breast bone, and in the abdomen. If a person regularly.
Apr 27, 2015. It's non-toxic and actually can be helpful for some people as a supplement as it allows athletes to train harder and longer. It's not my preferred way of dealing with acid reflux, as it lowers acid levels. But in those extreme situations, where none of the above options have worked, it's the perfect solution. How to.
Heartburn & Acid Reflux. Just the words stomach acid make some people cringe. It's a crazy thing really, about the same strength as battery acid and just existing.
But she is a hearty eater (and a carnivore), and her physician pointed to another possible culprit: a popular drug used by millions of Americans like Ms. Rudell to prevent gastroesophageal acid reflux, or severe heartburn. The Consumer.
Hello, I've been researching magnesium and found it is connected to many health conditions. Magnesium seems to work on acid reflux mainly by relaxing the digestive.
Is Acid Reflux Connected To Hiatal Hernia And Extreme Exhaustion? I have been reading different posts and questions about acid reflux, and what I am dealing with is.
PD (peptic disease) is not uncommon in the presentation of CD (celiac disease). It is more likely to be found in the second decade of life. CD should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with non-HP(H pylori) PD and we suggest routine CD serology and small bowel biopsy in patients with unexplained PD.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and heartburn Description. An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of GERD. Alternative Names
Up to 40 percent of adults experience upper abdominal pain at one time or another, and many of them seek medical attention — and in many cases, an underlying cause of their discomfort is not readily identified. Upper abdominal pain can be caused by a variety of disorders, including acid reflux and gallbladder disease,
Years after struggling from the pain, discomfort and embarrassment of severe acid reflux, both are pinning their hopes for a normal life on a seemingly simple device and a 20-minute surgical procedure. Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The development of at least mild, and sometimes severe, reflux starting in the 30s , 40s, or 50s is common, in part as the pyloric sphincter valve loses conditioning. diet and lifestyle. Many types of foods and spices, as well eating patterns and habits can contribute to acid reflux. pregnancy. Reflux is more common in women.
A look at gastroesophageal reflux disease — also called GERD — in infants and children.
Apple cider vinegar and acid reflux do not mix! An ACV tonic before meals along with some dietary and lifestyle changes is a natural way to alleviate heartburn symptoms.
Acid Reflux And Voice Common Problems That Can Affect Your Voice. Chronic laryngitis can be caused by acid reflux disease, by exposure to irritating substances such as smoke, Overgrowth of bacteria in the stomach probably explains some other risks generally associated with regular use of acid suppressors, including vitamin B12 deficiency, stomach cancer, and pneumonia. Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Jun 20, 2016. Acid reflux and indigestion are common problems that women report during pregnancy. Hormonal changes during pregnancy cause relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, which usually prevents stomach acids from splashing up into the esophagus. Furthermore, the stomach capacity is reduced, This all-too-common condition
Heartburn is that burning feeling in your chest, or the bitter or sour taste in the back of your throat. These foods make heartburn more likely.
Proton pump inhibitors, such as Prilosec, Prevacid and Nexium, are used to prevent gastroesophageal acid reflux, or severe heartburn. Available both over the counter and with a prescription, they are the third highest-selling class of.
See the list of the symptoms of GERD. Read the typical and severe symptoms of acid reflux disease along with the medical and dietary GERD treatment options.
PPIs were never intended to treat heartburn. Seriously. However, they are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs today, with annual revenue running into the billions of dollars. PPIs were actually made to treat a limited range of problems, such as bleeding ulcers, excessive stomach acid production, and severe acid.
Instead, they may experience shortness of breath, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, extreme fatigue or upper back pressure. the symptoms to less life-threatening conditions, such as acid reflux, the flu or normal aging, the.
When heartburn is frequent or severe, it's called gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. The culprit is the gatekeeper muscle between the stomach and the esophagus, which doesn't close properly. However, those acidic.
I'll get heartburn occasionally but this is something totally different. 2 nights ago I was fast asleep, and the next thing I remember is I'm sitting up in bed coughing and choking. I started getting really hot and my eyes were watering and all that. I seriously couldn't breath I was coughing/choking so bad.
Heartburn – Managing Side Effects – Chemocare – What Is Heartburn? Other terms: Acid indigestion, gastric reflux, acid reflux, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), nausea, upset stomach, dyspepsia, sour stomach. Heartburn (gastric reflux or indigestion) is caused by reflux or back flow of food from the stomach into the esophagus which results in a burning discomfort.
Heartburn or heart attack: When to worry. Severe heartburn and heart attack can be hard to tell apart. Understand how they typically differ, and learn when to get.
Although causes of acid reflux differ in men and women, but the symptoms are more or less similar in both. It is very important to spot out the acid reflux
There are a number of diet and lifestyle factors that cause frequent acid reflux, and there are multiple things you can do to help acid reflux other than taking medication.
Gas X For Indigestion Excess belching, gas and bloating can be embarrassing and uncomfortable. Here's how to reduce them. Apr 17, 2016. Instead of giving a dog OTC medication for humans, try this proven, natural way to cure a dog's gas and diarrhea quickly without risking unknown side effects. When these sugars are instead fermented by bacteria in the colon, they cause the production of hydrogen, which is what causes gas to be released in rapid-fire flatulence. Wheat and oat flour also revs up the production of hydrogen. Gas X For Heartburn Cough And Heartburn with Relieve Heartburn and Heartburn Relief Medicine Treatment Of
Acid Reflux (Sudden, Acute) Causes, Symptoms, Treatment. This is a more severe and chronic form of acid reflux known as gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Dec 7, 2017. Visible symptoms like breathing issues, spitting, & vomiting are early indications of acid reflux in babies. Do you. In a case of severe reflux, the baby shows the below symptoms of GER. If surplus acid flows into the esophagus, it can burn the inner lining of the stomach, leading to severe stomachache.
A new study reveals that people with frequent heartburn, not just those suffering a severe problem with acid reflux called GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), are much more likely to develop throat cancer than folks who never have.
Proton-Pump Inhibitors (PPI): If you have frequent and severe heartburn symptoms, PPIs are long-acting prescription medications that block acid production and allow time for damaged esophageal tissue to heal. They include Nexium,
Dec 11, 2017. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease describes inflammation of the lining of the oesophagus due to stomach acid leaking up (refluxing) from the stomach. It is commonly. Further tests may be required to determine how severe your GORD is or if there is any damage to your oesophagus. These tests may.
List of Low Acid Foods to Reduce Stomach Acid Reflux – Q. Is ginger good for acid reflux ? A. Ginger is great for acid reflux because of its anti-inflammatory properties. Buying ginger in its purest form is the best way.
Making some changes to your lifestyle can go a long way toward easing the pain of heartburn. Don't lie down after you eat. If you need an afternoon.
WebMD provides an overview of acid reflux disease, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatments, and helpful diet and lifestyle tips.
How I CURED My Baby's Acid Reflux in 7 Days With This Natural Remedy!
The aim of this study was to investigate, in a large number of patients, whether patients with Barrett's esophagus are.


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EPA's Analytical Jujitsu
This article originally appeared in Regulation. Click here to read the full article. By Sam Batkins and Ike Brannon In these pages four years ago ("Obfuscation at the EPA," Summer 2011) we announced our discovery of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's new methodology for ascribing job gains to costly new regulations: a sleight-of-hand whereby it … More EPA's Analytical Jujitsu


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WC is not a climatologist. You already knew that. But WC has read pretty widely in anthropogenic climate change. And it seems pretty clear that humankind is making tropical cyclones – hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons – worse, in at least four different ways.
- More Heat for a Heat Engine. Cyclones are heat engines. The mechanism is pretty well understood: ocean heat energy fuels cyclones, in the same way that gasoline fuels an internal combustion engine. The warmer the ocean water, the more powerful the cyclone, other things being equal. One of the consequences of anthropogenic global warming is that the oceans are being warmed. Whether it is the Arctic Ocean ice melting of the Gulf of Mexico setting record high temperatures, the heating of oceans is an objective, measurable fact. That additional heat is additional fuel for the Carnot Engine that is a cyclone.
- Warmer Air Carries More Moisture. Warmer air simply carries more water vapor than does colder air.It's not linear, either; as the graph shows, air at 30°C carries almost twice as much moisture as air at 20°C. As anthropogenic global warming heats the planet, the amount of water in the atmosphere is increased. Rainstorms are more intense. Cyclones carry and dump even more rain. That's part of what happened to Houston.
- Building in Flood Plains. Flood plains are there for a reason. If you've been to coastal Texas, you know that the coastal areas are flat as a pancake for miles inland. There are barrier islands, swampy channels and thinly vegetated mucky land for miles inland. Places like Houston are built on that stuff. Worse, much of it has been paved over, eliminating the ability of that land to do what nature has designed it for: to absorb water. Houston, like much of coastal Texas, is built on land designed by nature to take floodwaters. And then humankind has aggravated the problem by impairing the land's ability to deal with floodwaters.
- Removing the Economic Risk of Flooding. This is related to the problem of building in flood plains. A sensible government would discourage development of flood zones. A sensible government would make those areas parks, or simply leave them wild. But the United States instead subsidizes flood insurance for development in flood zones, decreasing the risk and thereby encouraging development. And that, in turn, magnifies the extent and cost of flood damage when cyclones occur.
Republicans, including both Florida Governor Rick Scott and EPA Director Scott Pruitt, say it would be "insensitive" to talk about the role of humans and climate change and cyclones right now. WC thinks that's a pretty lame excuse for a stall. There's no better time. Especially as the Houston area rebuilds in exactly the same place, facing exactly the same problem. Or one that's even worse.


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Surveys and results
We regularly ask for your feedback on a wide range of topics. We care about what you think and use your feedback to make improvements to your course and to prioritise areas of development for the University.
The surveys
To discover what you think about life at NTU, we participate in a range of national surveys and run a range of our own internal surveys. The national surveys help us to benchmark our performance compared to other universities.
The main surveys are:
- Course Survey, open to first and second year undergraduates,
- National Student Survey, open to final year undergraduates,
- Postgraduate Taught Experience Survey (PTES), open to taught postgraduates.
- Postgraduate Research Experience Survey (PRES), open to postgraduate researchers.
- Student Transition Survey, open to first year undergraduates.
Who can participate?
We generally invite particular groups of students to take part in each survey or focus group. We'll send you an email if you're eligible, so check your NTU email account regularly.
What happens to the results of surveys?
The Market Research team at NTU analyse all responses and present the findings to NTU staff. The information you provide is confidential. We do not report your personal details and comments cannot be attributed to individuals. This is in line with the Market Research Code of Conduct.
Every survey and focus group we complete provokes discussion and thought. Action plans are drawn up if there are any areas where we didn't perform as well as we hoped, or if there are areas in need of attention. Many decisions are based on the results of your feedback.
Your Voice Has...
influenced change! We listen to your feedback and where possible make improvements across NTU that have a positive impact on your student experience.
Explore our 'Your voice has…' web pages to search for improvements in your school, and other areas such as Library, IT, Employability, Global opportunities and more.


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No. 1 Rutgers uses extra rest to nail down preparations for Delaware
Saturday marks the first time in history the Rutgers men's lacrosse team will take the field as the top-ranked team in the country. The No. 1 Scarlet Knights (8-0) will take a short trip south to play Delaware (6-3) on what looks to be a warm and sunny afternoon.
Coming off a 10-6 win over NJIT that was way too close for comfort — although it is worth noting they were playing on one day of rest after a battle against No. 13 Princeton — Rutgers will know to treat the Blue Hens like any of the many ranked teams it has faced this season.
"(We are) approaching each game like it's a ranked team," said head coach Brian Brecht. "Approaching each game with the attitude of being humbled as far as where we are but also respecting our opponent."
With over a week of preparation for Delaware, the Knights will be well-rested and they will have had plenty of time to prepare and put themselves in the best position to win.
Rutgers has used tactical game-planning to help roll through a difficult non-conference schedule, featuring five teams that have been ranked at one point in the season as well as three straight ranked teams. But even when the opponent isn't ranked, they will be treated as if they were.
"We pride ourselves in preparing and taking each team seriously," said junior midfielder Christian Mazzone. "Doing extra film, extra work after really learning our opponent. It (starts) with Delaware and rolls into Big Ten play."
And despite the new No. 1 ranking to their name, the Knights will continue to play out this season as motivated as ever.
Senior defender Chris Groel has not only seen his position group develop into one of the best in the country but has seen his team do the same. He has seen Rutgers go from a mediocre Big East team, to Big Ten bottom feeder, to the top team in the nation.
Knowing where this program was just a few years ago has helped Groel and the rest of the team remain humble and hungry.
"Our mentality is always having a chip on our shoulder," he said. "We know how low (we've been), how dark times have been for us in the past that we always see the next game as a challenge."
That mentality will help prepare for a Delaware team that already has six wins on the year and has shown that it can make some noise with a strong attacking unit.
The Blue Hens boast an attack that is led by three underclassmen who all attended high school in New Jersey. Freshman Charlie Kitchen and sophomores Andrew Romagnoli and Joe Eisele make up a unit that is scoring over 7 goals per game for a team averaging 12 per game.
Despite this, Brecht remains confident in his experienced group that knows what it takes to handle its business on the road,
"This is a mature group, this is an older group that's had a lot of experiences on the road, at home, in postseason play," he said. "They know what needs to be done. It's a challenge now being the number one (team). So it's just another task for us to be able to handle as we go about our business."
With the top ranking in the country and six games left in the regular season, the Knights will need to be prepared to take the best shot each of their opponents has.
In seven weeks of rankings, only one team, Maryland, has kept the top spot for consecutive weeks. This speaks to quality of lacrosse all over the nation and there are no teams to be taken lightly. The last team to hold that spot, Denver, was recently blown out by No. 3 Ohio State, a team Rutgers will host in its season finale at home.
The Knights will not look past the Blue Hens this Saturday, as Delaware is all they have on their minds and is all they have been preparing for over the past week, as there is no doubt they will get the Blue Hen's best effort.
"We know that we earned that and we want to keep that ranking," Mazzone said. "We know people are gonna give us their best and we're gonna be ready."
For updates on the Rutgers men's lacrosse team, follow @griffinwhitmer and @TargumSports on Twitter.
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The world has been captivated and polarised by Edward Snowden, a computer analyst who has reignited the debate surrounding freedom. He is responsible for the public disclosure of a series of documents pertaining to illegal surveillance by the United States. The contents of the leak confirmed the already half-acknowledged fact that governments were engaged in mass electronic surveillance of their citizenry.
This unabashed assault on privacy is problematic in two respects. Firstly, isn't it a little too reminiscent of the Orwellian police state in Nineteen Eighty-Four? As our lives are becoming increasingly electronic, they also become increasingly open to surveillance. This is not a new idea, yet for most of us there was still a perception of privacy; passwords, private messaging functions, and security options all exist to preserve some online intimacy. What is most troubling about the actions of the NSA and CIA is that incrimination has become circumstantial: you don't actually have to do anything wrong. As Snowden said in an interview with The Guardian:
"You simply have to eventually fall under suspicion from somebody, even by a wrong call, and then they could use this system to go back in time and scrutinize every decision you've ever made, every friend you've ever discussed something with, and attack you on that basis, to sort of derive suspicion from an innocent life and paint anyone in the context of a wrongdoer."
Where does freedom exist in this arrangement? It is insultingly pushed aside by surveillance in the name of counter-terrorism. When suspicion can be grounds for arrest, one is no longer free. The Soviet Union under Stalin, heavily criticised by the West, was a compelling example of this. It is suggested that a culture of self-censorship developed among citizens in the Soviet Union, due to paranoia and fear of excessive surveillance. This is problematic, as people who are constantly surveilled become decidedly limited in their autonomy, which I think we can acknowledge as a bad thing. Yet more troubling is the hypocrisy of the US in their reaction to the leaks by Snowden.
The current assault on privacy is bad in its second respect when we consider the US reaction. They have engaged in an international witch-hunt of Snowden, that seems to epitomise a new and sinister approach to freedom. Snowden was right when he said "Their purpose is to frighten, not me, but those who would come after me." Over the past decade there has been unprecedented persecution of whistleblowers by the US. One of the more notable cases is that of Bradley Manning, a soldier who leaked classified information pertaining to US war crimes in Iraq. The corresponding reaction was to prosecute Manning to the full extent of the law, in that he now faces up to 20 years in prison. Therefore the recent revelations, that the US is and has for a while been engaged in illegal surveillance of its citizens, have come with the inevitable backlash against the leaker. Snowden now faces charges of treason, with a potential 30 years in prison. This hypothetical 'burning at the stake', of Snowden and other whistleblowers, is a political move to silence those who criticise the actions of the state. Worryingly, it seems as though the US has adopted a 'snitches-get-stitches' approach to political dissidents, as Snowden is the eighth leaker to be charged under the Espionage Act in the last decade. When faced with the exposure of an illegitimate and unconstitutional spying programme, the reaction is to condemn the man behind the exposé as a traitor and a spy himself. Rather than using this leak as an opportunity to open up the debate surrounding privacy in the appropriate public channels, they have shrunk back behind their wall of distrust. It is in the US reaction that one gets a glimpse of a malicious and paranoid police state, and this is deeply unsettling.
So where does this leave us? Snowden heroically confirmed the extent of government spying, yet he now faces 30 years in prison. However, his martyrdom is not in vain, as he has reignited the debate over freedom in the electronic age. It is from the seeds of his dissent that we are even discussing surveillance right now. Political dissent is of utmost importance to a free society, as Snowden has demonstrated. Yet it is being smothered by surveillance. So before the flames Snowden has ignited are extinguished, let us seriously consider the implications of excessive state surveillance.


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I'm trying to decide whether to just go straight internet with a streaming device or use Comcast TV services. I talked to a service rep earlier who suggested the "Pro Plus" package. He mentioned locals and some others like Discovery but I'd like to see the complete channel lineup so I can compare it to other options. Is there a link I can follow to see? My zip code is 06716. Thanks.
Why is getting info from Comcast like pulling teeth? I cannot WAIT for Frontier to get to my street....
Hello MaxMercy, unfortunately the channel line up site will show you all the channels in your area. However, I can send you a side by side channels line up for what you have currently vs what comes in the Pro Plus. Can you verify your account information with me? I would need your phone number, full name, and service address. You can private message me by clicking my name and clicking private message. Thank you
I am also trying to get the list of actual stations offered by internet pro " plus" thank you


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- I drove through the desert at night, from the Coachella Valley to Las Vegas. It was a full moon in the Mohave National Reserve.
- Selfie with mama.
- Selfie with dad.
- This is my new soap. The pour was a fail, but the color and the formula was perfect. I was going to try dancing tunnels but the batter thickened up and I was lucky to get it into the mold with a spoon. I'm getting close to perfecting my signature soap.
- I discovered these beans in my mama's fridge, labeled 'betswelas," a borrowing from Spanish "habichuelas." I'm surprised that they didn't get the Mexican word (ejotes) or the European Spanish word (judías verdes). Habichuelas reminds me of Caribbean, Andean, or maybe Central American Spanish.
- I made pansit. It was really good, and the key was the broth. But also I burned the veggies in the wok, which makes them taste better. The whole time I was thinking about that America's Ethnocentric Test Kitchen, where they decided definitively that woks don't work for stir fry.
- The next morning for breakfast I baked baguettes and made a tortilla de patatas.
- That night for dinner I made pupusas, curtido, and even that thin tomato salsa that they serve with pupusas. The pupusas were loroco y queso, and my mama recognized the loroco and identified it as bagbagkong, or sabidukong. It's good in Ilocano garden vegetable recipes, and it's available at the Mexican supermarket.
- I made bread with my mama's dough. I was trying to slash a star. There was an issue of the paper sticking.
- My mama says the bunot (coconut husk) polishes the floor better than the electric polisher the bought. Added bonuses, she gets her exercise, and also the dogs don't lose their minds with the bunot.
- My mama helps me with my sewing project.
- She sewed me a Möbius Strap for my ukulele! Apologies to the inventor.
- My mama tested out her new pasta making extruder by making bucatini from scratch!
- I made a tomato sauce from scratch. It was spectacular.
JP's Tomato Sauce Recipe
Toast some black pepper in a pan over medium. Douse with olive oil and start roasting your garlic in there. Don't wait for it to finish, just get it started. Add in some oregano.
Dump in half of a little thang of anchovy filets in olive oil and crush them into the oil with your stirring spoon. Don't tell skittish people about the anchovies, they will be annoying. Drop in some chopped onions and get them to translucent.
Drop in a bunch of chopped tomatoes. Add salt, more oregano, thyme, bay leaf, whatever you find.
Stew it for half an hour over medium low. If you need more umami, splash in a dash of soy sauce and don't tell Italian people; they will talk about their nonna as if that's relevant to the situation, nun me ne frega, mi hai capito? Eu! Anyway I forgot to add the soy sauce, but I did add some red pepper paste.
Tell your guests to wash their hands and sit down at the table.
Boil the water off. Then add the hot pasta and spoonful of the pasta water. Crank the flame up to high and then toss the pasta into the sauce until that water has boiled off again and the stewed tomatoes are clinging to the pasta for dear life. Turn the heat off and drizzle with more olive oil.
That's eat. Serve it hot with grated parmesan.
There are a few things that add umami to any dish (besides just adding MSG). They are cooked tomatoes, parmesan cheese, soy sauce, and anchovies. The reason pasta in tomato sauce is appealing is because it's super umami. I'm so, so sorry for all that sour tomato sauce you've eaten over your life. For the Filipinos, that half cup of sugar in your tomato sauce is why we're all overweight and diabetic.
I drive back to the desert tomorrow.


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So, as I sit and watch television I am confused by the numerous political ads both for and against Prop 127. So I decided to review the information on both groups funding those ads. What is Prop 127? The Prop … Continue reading
Summer Weather Safety Posted on June 30, 2017 by rsingram Now that Summer is here, these extreme weather conditions is something that we should always be aware of. Phoenix, Arizona just went through a week of temperatures peaking over … Continue reading
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THIS IS NOT OUR FUTURE The Climate Mobilization Victory Plan: Foreword Paul Gilding September 16, 2016 http://www.postcarbon.org/the-climate-mobilization-victory-plan-foreword/ Ed. note: The Climate Mobilization Victory Plan, written by Ezra Silk, is a policy document that tangibly demonstrates how the U.S. could … Continue reading
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I don't remember exactly when I heard this anonymous quote for the first time but I do know that I've meditated on it at many points in my life. One of them was as I was going through my divorce more than 22 years ago.
Divorce can be an emotionally daunting process. Every road seems impossibly steep and impassable. Your lawyer wants reams of tax returns and other financial documents. Your kids are acting up. Your family gives you unwanted advice. Your friends think you should just be thrilled that you're rid of him. You want to go to sleep and wake up in six months.
Questions run through your head like a thoroughbred at The Kentucky Derby: Why wasn't I good enough? What were the signs I didn't see? Will my kids turn into juvenile delinquents because of the divorce? Have I made the biggest mistake of my life? Is it too late to turn back? Will he find someone better than me and be a great husband? Will I find someone better than him and be a better wife?
These roads are like driving through a cul-de-sac over and over: you keep going in circles and there's no way out.
What if all of the pain you're experiencing right now—the difficult roads you're traveling—lead to something better, something unexpected, and yes, something beautiful? What if the destination is a place you might not have considered visiting but there you are and it's fantastic? What if you just allow yourself to travel on these difficult roads without an itinerary and believe that when you arrive you will be impressed and awe-struck?
I still think about this quote often. Not regarding my divorce, because I found my traveling companion 21 years ago and had the good sense to marry him. I found my destination but there are always life's difficult roads, aren't there? This is but one road you are traveling on but when you leave this difficulty, there will be others. Believing that you will arrive safely at a beautiful destination makes the road a little less bumpy.
I hope your destination is lovely, peaceful and full of wonder.


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Citizens Band Radio – more commonly referred to as "CB radio" is a system of short-distance radio communications. It allows users to communicate with each other over a selection of 40 different channels in a 27 MHz band.
CB radios are often used by truck drivers, police officers, paramedics, or anyone who is interested in communicating with others, particularly while on the road.
If you are interested in using a CB radio for personal use or you will be required to use one in a new job, you are probably wondering how to use the device.
CBs are quite easy to operate, especially once you figure out how to work them.
To ensure your CB radio usage is as effective as possible, here are some simple tips that will help you figure out how to use the device properly.
Mount the CB radio
Securely mount the radio in a place where you can easily reach it while you are driving. A common location is underneath the driver's seat or under the dashboard. Some CB radios come with mounting gear, but with others, mounting gear is a separate purchase.
Mount the antenna
For better service, you will want to purchase and install a larger antenna than the radio comes with. There are several options available, with magnetic antennas being the easiest to install. For the best service, position the antenna in the middle of the vehicle's roof.
Investigate channels
There are 40 channels on a CB radio. Some are more popular than others; channel 19, for example. Tune into each channel and explore. You will likely find conversations happening on all 40 channels.
Learn CB codes
There are several CB codes that stand for different things. Some of the most popular codes include:
- 10-1: Poor reception
- 10-4: Message received
- 10-7: Out of service
- 10-9: Say message again
- 10-20: Where are you located?
Submit a radio check
A radio check will allow you to determine if you are reaching other CB users. To issue a check, hold the receiver to your mouth and push in on the talk button. Ask for a check on a station where you can hear people communicating. Simply say, "radio check" and wait for a response. If you don't hear a response, issue another one. When someone responds, acknowledge their response. If you don't receive a response, try a different channel. If you have no luck on any channels, check your antenna and your setup to ensure they are set up properly.
Use CB etiquette.
Understand that there is proper etiquette that should be adhered to while communicating via CB radio. A lot of operators are professional truck drivers or emergency personnel that aren't interested in having a conversation. Other people are very eager to chat. Pay attention to the conversations that are taking place on each channel. Listen to the tone of voice and the type of dialogue. Be mindful of others. Don't use insults. Offer insights to road conditions or other pertinent information, if possible.
Utilize emergency services.
Information received on channel 9 is reported to rescuers and highway patrol within the vicinity. Use this channel only to report emergencies, such as distressed vehicles, injuries, downed power lines, or any activity that seems suspicious while on the road. Never use channel 9 to spark up conversations, as it is only to be used for emergencies.
CB radios are a great communication tool while on the road. They can provide useful information while you are driving and provide entertainment, too.
We hope that you've found this guide on how to use a cb radio helpful.
You can find more help from OFCOM here.
Looking for a CB Radio? Check out our new guide to the Top 10 CB Radios here.
Or why not take a look at our article on the best dash cams for truckers?
For further info read this.


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Does your interior design business leave you feeling burned out and exhausted?
How can I help your business be straight-up fabulous?
The Balanced Hostess!
I'm working at all hours of the day and am getting so many emails, calls, and texts- I'm exhausted. My clients shouldn't have this much access to me.
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I'm disorganized when potential clients reach out, and it's beyond stressful. I shouldn't have to reinvent the wheel every time a new inquiry comes along.
Stir Things Up!
The day-to-day tasks of my business are taking over all of my time and I'm burned out. I shouldn't have to work harder than I already am to increase my revenue.
What Makes Ms. Glamour Nest So Different?
The day-to-day tasks of your interior design business have left you exhausted, overworked, and overwhelmed. But with the Ms. Glamour Nest Interior Design Business Shop, you'll have all the tools you'll need to implement systems and processes so you'll work less, make more, and get back to what you love- designing!
+Read More
At Ms. Glamour Nest, I know that you want to run a profitable interior design business where you're designing more than dealing with business tasks. In order to do that, you need more streamlined and reproducible business processes, but the problem is your business is less than organized, leaving you feeling stressed and overwhelmed. I believe you shouldn't have to work harder than you already are to increase your revenue- I actually want you to free up your time so you can take on more clients, take more vacations, and not feel like your business is controlling your life.
I understand what it's like to be stressed, disorganized, and ready to burn down my own interior design business. Three years after I established Glamour Nest I still never felt like I could relax- there was just too much to do! It was all work all the time, and I didn't even feel like I was designing that much. But then I stopped reinventing the wheel by implementing systems and processes that made day-to-day tasks so much easier! I've now helped dozens of interior designers just like you get their own systems in place so their business, and life, feel more manageable.
Here's how you'll do it:
- Visit the Ms. Glamour Nest Shop.
- Choose one of my business system kits.
- Work less and earn more.
So get shopping! And in the meantime, enroll in the free Swanky Systems video series. After each video you'll have specific action steps to make running your business so much smoother.
It's time to stop constantly playing catchup, taking shortcuts, and working inefficiently and start doing more of what you love- designing creative and beautiful interiors for your clients!
The Business Systems Bundle has helped dozens of designers just like you!
it's time to take your business from on the rocks to straight up profitable!
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You'll receive templates, checklists, forms, and scripts for your contract, client welcome packet, emails, proposals, presentations, and so much more.
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3. Work Less and Earn More
No more scrambling to write emails. No more custom proposals. You'll save so much time that you'll be able to take on more work and do more of what you love- designing!
About three years into my business, I was overworked, stressed, and just couldn't relax because there was just too much to do: client work, constant texts, emails, invoicing, marketing- all the things!
I had no boundaries so I took any old job that came my way, even those that didn't align with my style and values. I actually thought about just throwing in the towel and getting a "regular" job.
But then I brought order and clarity to the chaos with systems and processes. Not only did my business double, but my stress and anxiety disappeared.


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Claire Kunzman has carved her niche in the luxury travel and leisure category for the past 15 years. Before founding Anything But Advertising, Claire worked for two of the country's top travel marketing firms. She most recently served as Vice President of Client Services for a South Florida-based boutique agency.
Claire has worked with numerous hotel brands, including Fairmont, Four Seasons, Hilton, Hyatt and Marriott, to name a few. She also brings experience representing independent hotels, spas, attractions, golf courses, restaurants and luxury retailers.
With a strong foundation in traditional media relations, Claire is skilled at both "old school" PR tactics as well as "new school" techniques. She holds an MBA in marketing and management from the Crummer Graduate School of Business at Rollins College. She is an active member of the Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau, the Greater Miami & the Beaches Hotel Association, the Miami Beach Chamber of Commerce and Skål International Miami.
Arlette Arrechavala is a public relations specialist with nearly 15 years of experience in the travel, hospitality and luxury lifestyle industry. A native of Nicaragua and longtime Miami resident, she is fluent in English and Spanish.
Throughout her career, Arlette has been instrumental in creating strategic media, public relations and influencer campaigns that place clients in the limelight. Her understanding of clients' business needs and the media's need for immediate, newsworthy content have allowed her to obtain placements in USA Today, Forbes, Travel + Leisure, Conde Nast Traveler, Univision, Telemundo and El Nuevo Herald, to name a few.
Arlette graduated from Florida International University with a bachelor's degree in journalism.
Melissa Benhaim built a strong foundation in marketing and PR with Four Seasons Hotels & Resorts, Omni Hotels & Resorts and Marriott.
After spending several years handling media relations for clients including Hawks Cay Resort in the Florida Keys and the Anguilla Tourist Board, she transitioned into a social media focus, overseeing major campaigns for branded and independent hotels such as JW Marriott, Waldorf Astoria, InterContinental Hotels and more.
Melissa's goal is to leverage public relations and social media influencers to help businesses achieve their objectives. Her recent success in that area earned her an Adrian Award from the Hospitality Sales & Marketing Association International. She holds a bachelor of science in hotel administration from Cornell University.
Ines Cano is a worldly and compassionate senior executive with 20+ years of experience in managing global Fortune 500 marketing initiatives throughout European, U.S., Latin American and Caribbean markets. Born and raised in two continents (North and South America), Ines caught the travel bug early. Her approach to life is a result of a genuine love of and curiosity for the world and everything in between. Her concern for the well-being of others and preference for new adventurous experiences sets her apart in the corporate world, where these characteristics easily translate into smart and thoughtful leadership. She has a keen eye for where trends are headed and what that means to the bottom-line. When she's not producing high growth revenue successes for her clients, Ines can be found enjoying time with her twins and husband traveling the world.
With more than 13 years of public relations experience, Sasha Hlozek adds a thoughtful approach combinedwith an international touch. Born in Switzerland with family roots in the Czech Republic, Sasha grew up in England and lived along the East Coast of the United States, bringing a diverse and multicultural viewpoint to the team. After graduating from Boston College with a degree in Communications, she moved to Miami and cultivated a niche in Public Relations, working for several of South Florida's top travel PR firms.
Sasha recently returned to her roots and oversees ABA's European outreach from her home base of Prague.


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To George Washington from Henry Knox, 17 July 1793
From Henry Knox
War department July 17th 1793
I have the honor to submit to you a letter from Major General Wayne of the 27th May last.1
The Secretary of the Treasury and myself have conceived it essential to the œconomical administration of the public interests as connected with this department that an Agent therefrom should be sent both to Georgia and to the South western territory for the objects specified in the instructions to Captain Constant Freeman who has agreed to perform this business in Georgia—Colonel David Henley has also agreed to perform the duties in the South western territory—The propriety of the measure, the men, and the instructions are submitted for your approbation or otherwise.2 I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your most obedt Servant
H. Knox
1. In his letter to Knox, written from "Hobsons Choice Near Fort Washington" on 27 May 1793, Wayne wrote that "due attention shall be paid to your orders respecting the Arms Ammunition & stores for the Chickasaws … as soon as the keel boats return to this place … they shall be forwarded to the Chickasaw bluffs, under a proper guard…." Wayne continued his letter with a report on his efforts to prepare for the expected military campaign against the Indians of the Northwest Territory, writing that "I really feel my situation awkward, unpleasant & embarrassing!—to make efficient arrangements for an active Campaign, will involve a heavy debt upon the Nation." He later observed: "There is not a single partical of the stores, or Articles demanded for the present Campaign yet arrived! those furnished from the Magazines at this place for the Chickasaws, I trust will be immediately replaced" (Knoff, Wayne, 241–43). For GW's receipt of Wayne's letter on this date and a summary of its contents and enclosures, see JPP description begins Dorothy Twohig, ed. The Journal of the Proceedings of the President, 1793–1797. Charlottesville, Va., 1981. description ends , 202.
2. Although Capt. Constant Freeman, Jr., and Col. David Henley both served as agents for the War Department, in Georgia and the Southwest Territory, respectively, no written record of GW's approval has been found. Knox's instructions to Freeman have not been identified, but on 19 July he wrote Tobias Lear "to request the papers of the President relatively to the Agent to be sent to Georgia, as it is probable the vessel may sail tomorrow" (DLC:GW).


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U.K. December CPI Hotter Than ExpectedPosted: January 19, 2010 Filed under: CPI | Tags: United Kingdom 3 Comments
The Bank of England made it clear last year that it expected higher inflation rates in early 2010 given the increase in the VAT. However, with December's CPI and core CPI both coming in hotter than expected – respectively, 2.9% vs 2.6% and 2.8% vs 2.3% – speculation is swirling about the BoE's response. Bloomberg cites economists and analysts claiming that inflation may increase further and that rate hikes may start as early as May this year. (See "U.K. Inflation Rate Jumps Most on Record on Oil, Tax")
The pound even spiked against the U.S. dollar on the CPI news before quickly selling off.
3 Comments on "U.K. December CPI Hotter Than Expected"
Thanks! Good stuff.
Oh yeah – and so continues the UK's campaign against inflation expectations.
Interesting how we see from Gordon Brown's comments, the continued desire to keep interest rates low (and, similarly, a desire to keep the currency from appreciating)


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Anglia Gen firstname.lastname@example.com
Group DescriptionAn Internet group provided for posting of gen and information in the Anglia area.
Reports of traffic coming into the area and/ or traffic along the East coast mainline as far north as Marholm ,as far West as Willesden/ Wembley most welcome and the area East of those.
Group Information
- email@example.com
- 144 Members
- 2,317 Topics, Last Post:
- Started on
- Feed
Group Settings
- All subscribers can post to the group.
- Posts to this group do not require approval from the moderators.
- Messages are set to reply to group.
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Welcome To Victory In The Word
Victory in The Word Outreach is a movement birthed by God on the earth on November 30, 2003 through Terrance and Diann Wilson, of Trinidad and Tobago.
Our mandate is to prepare a people who would be a part of the remnant of believers to usher in the second coming of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.
Our prayer is that you would fully embrace the love of God which has been freely given to you, and be equipped and empowered to passionately live the life that God has designed for you and impact lives for the Glory of God!
May you experience and walk in the Victory that is found only in THE WORD!
Trinidad and Tobago
Victory in The Word
Kingdom Life Centre
Service Times:
Saturday 6:30 pm
Tuesday Bible Study 7:00pm
#11 Eastern Main Rd.
Five Rivers, Arouca
Contact Us:
Phone: 868-789-7054 / 868-221-2780
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Trinidad and Tobago
Victory in The Word Empowerment Centre
Service Times:
Sunday 10:00 am
Thursday Empowerment 7:00pm
#72 Martha St.
Lisas Gardens, Couva
Contact Us:
Phone: 868-789-7054 / 868-221-2780
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Stitchy weekend away and more
I spent last weekend in a summer cabin in Úthlíð with 2 of my stitchy friends Hafrún and Sveina. We really had a great time, we stitched a lot, laughed a lot, ate good food and relaxed in the hot tub with a glass or two of white wine. Here we are really focusing on our stitching.
I started something new in the cabin. It´s called Moon of your own and I´m going to make a pillow out of it for my daughter. I finished the girl´s head and the stars around her in the cabin but this is what she looks like now.
In the end this will be a picture of a girl sitting on a moon. It´s so colorful and pretty.
Before our trip to the cabin I had been working on few things. I started this piece Petite House. I´m half way done and just need to finish the first floor.
I´ve also made some progress on SK Sunny by HAED. I really needed to put her down for a while since the flower in her hat is a total B***H to stitch. LOL!
I was working on a mermaid piece in 2008. All of a sudden I had the urge to pick it up again. This is how she looked when I put her down in 2008.
And this is how she looks today. As you can see there is a baby appearing in her arms.
I have now put her down again.
5 comments so far
hehe I had a blast this weekend … love the mermaid & all the others…
Vá, þú ert búin að vera svooo dugleg 🙂
Elska þessa mynd sem þú varst að sauma í bústaðnum og allt hitt líka 🙂
Gaman að sjá myndir úr bústaðnum, það var greinilega voða gaman hjá ykkur 🙂
Alveg frábær mynd af ykkur að sauma…. og myndirnar þínar eru svo fallegar. Til hamingju með þetta..
I would need a stitchy weekend too. I'm so fed up the fact that I don't have enough time for my hobby. You have stitched lovely projects.
Hi there… Could you please give me the pattern for this mermaid heaven. I really love this pattern and i'm eager to start the stitching soon. Please… I really appreciate it if you do so. I'll be waiting for your reply. Thank you. 🙂


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How to Clean your Ford Alloy Wheels
Keeping you alloys clean can massively impact the overall look of the car, as well as guarantee the condition of the Ford alloys. The most important things to remember is to use the right cleaning products and a little bit of elbow grease.
Here's how to do it:
- First, make sure the ignition's turned off and give your wheels time to cool.
- Using soapy water and a soft sponge, wash off the worst of the dirt.
- TOP TIP. Industrial cleaners are a real 'no-no'. Use a shampoo made for the job.
- Use a tyre brush to reach between the spokes. Or an old toothbrush will do.
- For tar spots, use a tar removing spray.
- Now, jet wash or hose away any remaining grime.
- A tyre cleaner will help keep your tyres looking their best, too.
Finally, dry everything with a soft cloth or chamois leather. That's how easy it is to clean your alloy wheels. But if there's anything you're not sure about, just ask your Ford Dealer. And if you find this video useful, check out the others in our 'How to…' series: it's designed to help you keep your Ford in top condition and make best use of its many features.
That's how easy it is to change your wiper blades. But if there's anything you're not sure about, just fill out the form below or give us a call on 066 7121555:


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top MONSOON MALTA / jeans GUESS / sunglassses VOGUE EYEWEAR / ph PAULTGF
It's that in between season that most people hate, but I kinda like. It's a slow transition, from one lifestyle to another. Part of me is desperate for the last rays of sun, the last couple of swims, and the last long beach days – whilst another part of me is also desperate for some colder weather!
The first step is taken – from a bikini, I made my transition into this cute crochet and soon, very soon, I am going to be dressed in even more heavy fabrics, yet again from Monsoon! Keep an eye out as they're collection is amazing.


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What's that? Transmit audio through mic without a mic? Call me crazy, but here's how you can do exactly that by using what's referred to as virtual microphone. It's fully free to set up and use, so follow along to see how you can get one yourself. Tutorial is for Windows based systems. There are options for Linux and MacOS too…
What Is A Virtual Microphone?
Virtual microphone is usually just an audio driver that has an input and an output. To put it into perspective, a real physical microphone has an input, audio signals coming in, and an output, audio signals going out, too. It's really that simple.
So the next question has to be: where do we get such an audio driver? There are standalone versions of such a driver and then there are built-in versions of such a driver. Let's take a look at the standalone versions only, no need to make things more confusing.
What Is Virtual Audio Cable
It sounds counterintuitive, but this virtual audio cable is actually an audio driver that acts as a virtual audio cable. It has an input and an output. Connected to some audio source, the audio singals go in and then go out into some other program, such as a game's or voice application's voice chat.
The cable's output acts like a microphone. Whatever we choose as the cable's input is played through the output, a virtual microphone.
I've now explained what it is from many different angles, but here's where you can actually get one:
- For Windows: VB-CABLE Driver (link opens in a new tab, links to the download page). You hit download, then unzip it and run the setup to install it. It asks you to make a restart after you've installed it.
- For MacOS (and Linux): Soundflower (link opens in a new tab, links to the download page). Initially developed and maintained by Cycling 74, its maintenance was dropped. Luckily, the original author, Matt Ingalls, picked it up.
- For Linux: Jack Audio (link opens in a new tab, links close to the download page, I'm not sure) Well, this is awkward. I've never used Linux and I have no idea how to actually download it because of that. As a Windows user, I'm not sure what I'm looking at. Sources say that that is the download location. Sorry and good luck!
Now we have a virtual audio cable installed.
It's time to set it up and use it.
How To Set Things Up (Windows, 3 steps)
Step 1
Open Sound settings.
Step 2
In Sound settings, one at a time, under both Playback and Recording tab, right-click in the window and tick Show Disabled Devices. Then enable CABLE Input and CABLE Output. Oh, and in case you have some weird mic like I have in this picture below, either disable this weird mic or at least make CABLE Output (virtual microphone) the default device.
Just imagine that the real microphone isn't there.
Just imagine that the real microphone isn't there – I forgot to disable it – because this tutorial is all about having this virtual mic without having a real mic.
Optional step
Chances are you want to hear what goes through the virtual mic. If you skip this "extra step", the sound will go through that virtual mic BUT you won't be able to hear it yourself. So… tick Listen to this device if you want to hear the sounds that go through the virtual microphone (make sure it plays back to your speakers if you want to hear it – it will still play through the mic at the same time).
Uh, ehm… ignore the real mic.
Step 3
All we have to do now is select an audio source for the CABLE Input (and make sure the voice application is using our virtual microphone (CABLE Output) in case you have some weird extra mic and you didn't want to or simply forgot* to disable it).
In this picture above, I used Windows Media Player as the audio source for cable's input. You can use ANYTHING as the input as long as the audio source is configurable in a similar fashion.
Let's Test This Out?
start up the voice application you want to play music or sounds into (be it a game, Discord, Skype, etc) and hit play on the audio source (Windows Media Player, etc).
If you ticked Listen to this device in the CABLE Output propery settings during the Optional step, then you should be able to hear the music yourself while it plays into the voice application(s) you chose.
Alternative Method For Playing Music Through Mic Without A Mic
If you want something more verstile, you can try fiddling around and slightly rearranging things to make it work the way you want in this method: How To Play Music Through Mic Using Voicemeeter And A Soundboard (links to another tutorial post).
It's more verstile for a reason. In the tutorial, a real mic is used, BUT you can totally leave the real microphone out of the picture and still use it without having a real mic at all. That one is making use of a soundboard, so you can trigger sounds with hotkeys. With this current tutorial you just read on this page right now (not the linked one), the audio has to be started manually.
I had you try out this tutorial first because I wanted you to learn how it's all done so you don't have to follow tutorials step by step all the time but configure something yourself. You can plug an AI Chatbot into this system by its butt if you wanted to, assuming you found such an open source chatbot AND that you've read all this wall of text and learned to configure stuff yourself by reading it all. It must've been tempting to skip parts of this tutorial, I know.


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Using Modeler it is easy to model landscaping elements. This may include large landscaping areas like forest/tree areas as well as generating small details on proposed terrain surface.
This part of the tutorial will introduce the capability of modeling existing forest/tree areas that are represented by 2D polylines. In this way you can quickly populate existing and proposed areas with trees or other landscaping/greenery objects.
Tutorial file location (folder)
- 01_Existing\03_Landscaping\Remain
From the folder you can see the sub-folder structure that is explained below:
- VM - *.vm file format is used for Modeler generations. In that way you can convert 2D data to 3D or deploy native AutoCAD / AutoCAD Civil 3D objects into *.vm format. From this folder you will also find a *.dwg file as well as already generated *.vm file. They both share the same name. To generate a *.vm file you also need a definition file that is saved with an *.ini extension.
General workflow
We start by applying material based tree objects (textures) onto areas that are defined by 2D polylines. Therefore we start from a *.dwg file and use Modeler tools to add parameters (rules) that convert those polylines to tree areas. As a separate sub-model, this can be used in the final VDC model, using Explorer. You have one *.dwg file in your folder:
You start from that *.dwg file. You also find special definition files with an *.ini extension that are automatically opened when you use Modeler tools inside AutoCAD Civil 3D. You also have completed versions in *.vm formats that can be directly used inside Explorer. In addition you see *.vm files that have an ending *_Only.vm. Those are used in final VDC model, because all duplicate information (like duplicate terrain object that was used for reference) is removed. One specified *.dwg file represents tree areas:
- Existing_Forest.dwg - 2D polylines that represents existing tree areas. There is also one specific polyline that represents the area, from where you want to remove tree objects, because it is a project construction area.
Step-by-step guidelines to create a sub-model with tree areas
Open drawing Existing_Forest.dwg inside AutoCAD Civil 3D. You should see a similar picture:
Using AutoCAD ribbon tab, go to Modeler and click on Rules. Modeler main toolbar opens:
Note: Modeler toolbar is the place where you create different rules that are applied to AutoCAD objects. All defined rules are kept in a separate file with an *.ini extension. Although it is possible to have only one *.ini file throughout your whole VDC project, where you define each and every rule that you want to use in separate drawing, in this tutorial we use the second method - we have separate *.ini file for each and every *.dwg file that we gonna use for generating data for VDC model. Using the latter method, please ensure that *.ini file is with the same name as your *.dwg file, then it will be selected automatically when you open up Modeler tools in your active *.dwg drawing session. Because with the current tutorial the proper *.ini file is already created, it will be automatically used. All rules are defined and we take a quick look to those rules that are important for each sub-task.
Next to each node, you will see a "+" icon if it holds some rules. And vice-versa, you can click on "-" icon, if you want to close that node. Also please note that in some nodes (ex Materials) you may have several rules. But those that are applied to current drawing are in bold. That feature is controlled through a menu: View > Gray Non-Existing Items.
We will first include the reference surface (terrain) into our VDC sub-model. This has been done through design package LandXML export. Please refer back to folder: 01_Existing\01_Terrain\Remain\LandXML, from where you also find two major LandXML files that represent the context and project area:
You include both files under Modeler node LandXML. Because it has been already done for you, you can double click on each rule and see its parameters.
Double-click on a Terrain_ProjectArea (note: if you want to include your own reference, you just double-click the node LandXML itself and similar dialog as below, appears):
During a LandXML import you should fill in the following major parameters:
- Use Browse button to locate your LandXML file (in our example it is in: 01_Existing\01_Terrain\Remain\LandXML).
- Enter the group (subgroup) name to where this information is attached (this is important to keep your project organized).
- Select what data you want to include into your model, selecting rows (if multiple present) under Groups section.
- For a reference purpose, the material is not important, also the Cut Mode is not important (refer to general help topics if you plan to use those in your own projects).
Click OK to accept the values and close the dialog.
Double-click on another predefined rule, Terrain_Context.
This represents the project area inside the context area. Check the settings and click OK to close the dialog. Because we use those LandXML files as reference surfaces for our forest areas, we need to generate layers by which our forest rules know about the elevation of our project area (Modeler is using layer-based or object-based rule mapping).
Although it generate a *.vm file to the same location as your *.dwg file, it is not yet ready to use inside our final VDC model. Because it is not correctly defined. During this generation, two new layers were added (because we use two LandXML rules). The new layer is always generated as long as you change the group or content (in our case, surface) name. Therefore it is good if you always clean-up those layers, that you do not need. Because this layer is not a real layer (no AutoCAD objects are on that), please be careful when you use AutoCAD Purge command. This will remove those layers as well. Still, Purge command is the easiest way to clean up your drawing.
Let's take a look into Forests section. As you see there is one rule. If it is in bold, it is used in the current project (meaning that Modeler understands, that with that particular layer there are some objects in your *.dwg). Rules in general can be taken so, that you have different rule for different object type you want to get/see. Therefore if some parameter value inside one rule is different from another rule, you have made two different rules.
Open up (double-click) a rule under Forests node.
Let's go through some major settings that help to define your forest area:
- layer - all 2D closed polylines should be mapped onto that layer if you want to convert it into forest areas (layer name can be anything you want, just ensure that you have selected correct layer).
- materials - select one or multiple materials that you want to apply for your forest area definition (in large areas, it is recommended to select multiple materials, because in that way you can easily define some randomness into your context).
- description - this can be used to shorten the name that is visible in Modeler main toolpalette. Not a required parameter. In this example the same name is used, as for layer parameter.
- info text - additional description, text that you may want to include that is available in the model.
- randomness - how much in % terms your tree height can change (default tree height is defined in material properties dialog).
- density - number of elements per hectare.
- buffer - expand forest area to inwards (negative value) or outwards (positive value).
- interpolate_mode - how materials are attached.
- interpolate_to_layers - this is where you select those layers that will be used to raise your tree areas to.You can select multiple layers here, but please be aware that if those references do overlap (or your footprint can follow both references at its X,Y location, you also get multiple objects to your final VDC model - typically you do not want that to happen).
- group - select a group to where your tree areas are assigned.
Note: Groups are automatically generated/added when you write those into group field in Change Setting dialog (remember to add a "/" for a subgroup). Alternatively you can create groups through a menu: Model > Groups...
It will open up a separate dialog where you can see a group selection tree. Although some prefer to include all group levels into each and every *.ini file, please be aware that even if you have not mapped any object onto that subgroup, it will be still included into your *.vm file. Of course it is an empty node there, but sometimes it makes it difficult to find objects that you need, if you have loads of empty group nodes.
Click OK to close the dialog Change Setting. You are now ready with one of your tree area rule. But because you do not want to have tree areas at project construction site, you need to define that area by different rule. Please notice that on your drawing area you have one green polyline in where you do not want to see any of the trees.
Go to Element areas node and double-click on the predefined rule. Dialog Change Setting opens.
Main settings are:
- layer - select the layer on where you have polyline(s) that define empty areas.
- materials - select materials that you want to remove (basically same materials that you selected during tree areas definition).
- negate - select a value yes to indicate that you want to remove those materials that are defined by material setting.
Close the dialog by clicking OK. All you rules are now defined. Click on a button: Generate and View Model.
This will regenerate your model (as you did before) and also opens up a MAGNET Explorer as a viewer package for your *.vm file. Please also note that your *.vm file is automatically placed to the location where your *.dwg resides. Your sub-model should look similar to the following image:
If you take a closer look to your model, you can see that it includes the terrain (surface) from LandXML files. Those are included in another group and therefore we want to get a clean Existing Forest sub-model for our final VDC model.
To remove those references, just follow those easy steps:
Go to tab Output and select Export to File:
New dialog will open, from where you use:
- Groups - select groups that you want to export into new *.vm file (you can select multiple groups). In the current case it will be only: Existing/Landscaping/Remain/
- Export Format - select: VM File
- File Name - point to a location where your original *.vm file is, but do not overwrite it, use a special ending like: *_Only.vm
Click Save to export your model into a new file. You can now reopen that file, and see if you have only tree areas.
Note: In your group selection tree you still see those LandXML reference nodes, but those are now empty. That is why it is important to keep everything with the same group logic.
After checking your existing forest area sub-model, you can close the Explorer window. Later you can open those *.vm files directly with Explorer and you do not need to follow Modeler workflow again. Of course, when the design changes, then you recreate the *.vm file.
As you have successfully generated an existing forest area sub-model, it is also good to save your Modeler *.ini file. For that, just select from the menu: File > Save Configuration...
You can re-select the location and name for your *.ini file, but in this tutorial it is recommend that you always keep the same name for your *.ini file as you have named your *.dwg. And also ensure, that both files (*.ini and *.dwg) are saved to the same location.
Close the AutoCAD drawing file.
Practice yourself
You can practice with various parameters that define the density of forest areas (or selection of materials). You can also divide your polylines into different groups and include a separate rule for each group. You may want to do that when you need more detailed look for your project site area.
Note: When you work with Modeler and save your *.ini files, system automatically creates backup versions of the previous file. Sometimes it is good to think that you have some previous definition files still available. In this tutorial we have not kept those *.bak files as well as no separate backup folders. If something goes wrong, you can extract (copy) needed definition (and *.dwg) files into your current working folder and start again. Therefore in a clean system (with no backups, no *.dwg backups as well) you folder may look like this:


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Bandwidth - how to understand it.
It's been a long time coming - but here's the first of a long list of best analogies I use to explain fundamental technology principles to the technophobes among us. First off in the list: Bandwidth
The more bandwidth you have, the more information you can push from point A to point B. Bandwidth determines how fast you download a movie, how easily you can stream Netflix, how fast Facebook loads on your phone or how quickly you can send and receive photo's. Bandwidth is a giant, fundamental part of everybody's life in this day and age - and despite how much people like to think they don't need to know about 'this techy stuff' - it will benefit you exponentially to realise how and what bandwidth is. Here's how it works.
- Think of bandwidth as roads.
- You're moving house. You have a tonne of stuff. Or twenty tonnes.
- You want to move all of your stuff from Brisbane, to Sydney.
- The larger your car, or truck, the more stuff you will be able to carry in 1 trip.
- The more lanes the road has, the more trucks you can use to carry multiple loads at once.
- The better the roads, the smoother that drive of information is.
- The better the roads, the less likely a truck will hit a pothole, and lose some stuff out the back.
- When roads intersect with other roads, traffic slows down, including your trucks.
- There's no speed limit on these roads - speed is determined by the smoothness of your roads
- Speed is also determined by the lack of intersections or lane reductions
- Too much traffic, like real life, can cause congestion and traffic jams.
- Traffic jams occur on smaller roads easier, or with poor quality roads.
Now in the above list of obvious information - replace 'stuff' with 'packets of information' - data you are trying to get from point A to point B. Replace 'intersections' with 'interference'. Replace 'traffic jams' with 'network congestion'.
When talking about how many lanes a road is, we're talking about how much 'bandwidth' you have available. This bandwidth flows two ways - downloading (information coming in) and uploading (information you are sending someone else).
When you try and load a Facebook page on your mobile, that is mostly downloading information from Facebook servers on to your device. The more bandwidth you have, the more information can be loaded at once onto your phone so you see the information quicker. The lower your latency, the more 'responsive' your page will be.
Same goes with Netflix. The higher your bandwidth, the less time buffering you will face, and the higher your quality of streaming resolution will be.
Some roads are high quality but very small, so only 1 car can fit through at a time, but it can go very fast. This is equivalent to low-latency connections but also low bandwidth. This is actually good for gaming, as gaming doesn't require good bandwidth (contrary to popular belief) - it requires low latency so that when I press a button, actions happen quicker in whatever server-world I'm connected to.
Other roads are high-bandwidth, but high-latency. This is equivalent to many lanes of trucks being able to carry a lot of information, but it takes a while for it all to get from point A to point B. This is good for downloading big files, movies, TV series etc -- as you will still be able to download fast, it just takes a bit to get going. This is not good for gaming, as high-bandwidth high-latency doesn't speed up responsiveness in the gaming world.
Congestion occurs when you have heaps of cars trying to use the same highway and trying to merge on at once, or change lanes. This results in super slow (almost crawl-like) moving traffic - and can essentially kill a network. Optus have many instances of congestion right now - as they continually incorporate more and more subsidiaries and off-branch el-cheapo phone networks to use their single network for all of them.
In Australia, ADSL/ADSL2+/VDSL is equivalent of generally single laned roads with potholes and quickly degrading infrastructure and a tonne of intersections. The closer you live to where you're trying to get to, the less intersections you face and the less potholes there are to slow you down. Even if you only live a few hundred metres away though, this is a pretty miserable road trip.
HFC (AKA Cable) is a 10-lane super highway one way (downloads) and a smooth 1-lane highway the other way (upload). Vastly superior to ADSL, with higher bandwidth AND lower latency - but it would be nice to have both ways opened up.
NBN is now a mixed bag of 10-lane highways one way (download), and 4-lane highways the other way (uploads), turning into off ramps made of potholed filled single laned off-ramps (Fibre to the Node) or having that highway go right into your living room (Fibre to the Premises).
Obviously, as many lanes as possible to and fro on the best quality roads possible to enable as many trucks as possible to carry as much cargo as possible at the highest possible speed, is ideal. High-bandwidth low-latency networks exist on HFC and NBN FttP, but the fastest in Australia right now is actually 4GX with Telstra. Where NBN FttP and Cable are limited to 100mbps downloads, I recently speedtested 206mbps download in my closed room in suburbs in real-life.
Also 5G launches next year, which will essentially reduce intersections, add lanes in both directions and make the roads even smoother for all mobile users. Unfortunately, right now, to use these roads is expensive. $150 per month will only net you 80GB of uncapped, full-speed road use with 4GX, whereas for $110 you can enjoy full speed 100mbps/40mbps NBN with 1000+GB of data.
Hopefully this has cleared up some people's perspective on what Bandwidth is, and how it relates to your internet usage and speed. Did it help you? Comment below to let me know if you have any questions.