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The new Cressi Nano mask for freediving and spearfishing. The very low internal volume and integrated frame/skirt construction put the Nano in the modern Micromask category together with the Aqualung Technisub Micromask, Speardiver Micromask, OMER Zero, and Sporasub Piranha. But unlike those masks the Nano's skirt is very soft providing a better coverage and seal, with no leak under the nose even while making facial movements. Our experience has been that the Cressi Nano fits a wider variety of faces than the other micromasks.
The Nano mask has very nice styling. The frame combines old school smooth curves with a modern twist and together with angled tempered glass lenses the Nano allows excellent field of vision. It may be just our taste but we prefer the Cressi Nano against the hard angular style which omer went with for its Zero and Piranha masks. The swiveling buckles feature micrometric regulation. The strap is robust and stretcy.
Available colors


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Rockport Bethany Boot - Black
Regular price
The women's Rockport Bethany is a military inspired lace up boot that is super versatile. Practical and stylish, this boot can be masculine or feminine, dressed up or dressed down, depending on your outfit and your mood. Laces up the front and a zipper at the back, the Bethany's fit is customizable and its easy to put on and take off. This boot feels as good as it looks and is comfortable, right out of the box.
- Burnished leather upper
- Textile lining
- Adjustable laces and zipper entry
- EVA footbed
- Stability shank
- TR outsole
- Heel: 1.5"
- Shaft height: 6.75"
Style number: CAK02BK
Part of Rockport's Cobb Hill Collection
This item is on the Clearance Rack in our stores. Please note that it may ship without it's original box.

subset: commoncrawl


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CAIRO (AP) — About 2,000 fans gathered at Cairo's main stadium on Saturday to watch Egypt's last home practice before the Pharaohs fly to their World Cup base in Grozny, Chechnya.
Egypt also unveiled its mascot, a green "Nile Crocodile" in a red Egypt jersey, white shorts and a yellow-and-black pharaonic head cover.
Qualifying for the World Cup for the first time since 1990, Egypt opens its campaign against Uruguay on Friday. Host team Russia and Saudi Arabia are also in the group.
Star striker Mohamed Salah, still recovering from a right shoulder injury sustained during the Champions League final last month, suited up for the celebrations but did not train with the squad. He spent about 45 minutes walking around the pitch, waving to the fans and posing for selfies with admirers. He left the stadium under heavy security.
With six days left to the Uruguay match, it is not certain whether Salah, the English Premier League top-scorer with 32 in his first season with Liverpool, will be fit to play. He has not spoken to the media since he flew home on Wednesday from Spain, where he received treatment for his injury.
Copyright 2018 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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VIDEO: Chevy Woods – G2 Intro
Taylor Gang general Chevy Woods (@ChevyWoods) unleashes the intro track to his upcoming DJ Drama hosted mixtape G2.
Taylor Gang general Chevy Woods (@ChevyWoods) unleashes the intro track to his upcoming DJ Drama hosted mixtape G2.
Juicy J (@therealJuicyJ) and Wiz Khalifa (@WizKhalifa) roll up and roll out a new joint that won't be on Juicy J's debut album, Stay Trippy.
Mayer Hawthorne (@mayerhawthorne) lets loose the ever so reliable Kendrick Lamar feature that people are growing accustom to seeing. This track is attached to Mayer Hawthorne's upcoming project, Where Does This Door Go. Available for purchase on July 16th. Listen below.
Pete Rock (@PeteRock) Camp Lo and @MacMiller converge on this new offering from the second collaborative project beween Pete Rock and the Bronx duo Camp Lo. 80 Blocks From Tiffany's will be available on July 30th but for now enjoy this joint which pays homage to Megan Good. via Rolling Stone
Snoop Dogg (@snoopdogg) and @CardoGotWings connect on this joint that will be on the LA Leakers presented mixtape, Mental $tates. Listen below. https://soundcloud.com/laleakers/snoop-dogg-passenger-seat-prod/s-WHHSk
Phil Ade (@philade_rf) comes through with a summer time jam which samples Xscape's classic "Who Can I Run To" and flips it with the help of Ashton Gold. Be on the look out for Phil Ade's forthcoming project, R.O.S.E.. Listen below.
Cali Swag District (@caliswagdstrct) suffered the lost of their member M-Bone almost 2 years ago but have no intention of retiring the group. The trio turned duo springs back up on the radar with a new single aided by fellow west coaster Problem and Lil Kim's protege Tiffany Foxx. Listen below. via HHNM
Hit-Boy (@hit_boy) and Rockie Fresh (@rockiefresh) are somewhere in this the U.S. putting their teams on the map. Hit-Boy brings along the MMG spitter for the remix to the record he produced on Magna Carta Holy Grail. Listen below. https://soundcloud.com/hitboyhs87/somewhereinamerica
Jake One (@jakeuno) laces J. Cole and @Wale with a heat rock for them to make their victory lap as the two Roc Nation rappers celebrate their new albums topping the charts. Listen below.
Jim Jones (@jimjonescapo) recruits @Jeremih and @djspinking to help usher out his new single which will be apart of his upcoming album on Vampire Life Records. Produced by Vinylz. Listen below and purchase on iTunes.


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How To Take Charge Of Your Life — A Quick Guide
How To Take Charge Of Your Life — A Quick Guide
Embracing Change
It is human nature to seek safety and stability. You might say, "This is who I am, and this is who I will always be." Familiar, repeated routines simplify life and conserve energy. They can help manage stress, because there is comfort in what is known. New situations require more awareness of our surroundings.
Some routines may temporarily reduce stress, but can lead to unwanted consequences and unhealthy habits such as obesity, procrastination, self-sabotage, or addictions. In order to embrace any change, we need to take specific action to challenge behaviors and beliefs that no longer serve us. Research suggests that creating any desired change in life requires the repeated practice of new health-promoting behaviors until they become new habits.
Getting regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, and developing positive social connections are among the best things we can do for ourselves to strengthen our resilience. No matter what you have gone through, you have the ability to heal your body and mind. The tricky part is this: Once you allow yourself to feel your pain — to face it head-on — you can free yourself from it. When you recognize that limiting beliefs are running your life, you can then work to take charge of your mind and begin reclaiming your right to a positive outlook on life.
Written by Morgan Sarkissian
Information obtained through my public health nursing course at UNC-Chapel Hill.


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Furnaces are some of the most popular and efficient heating options on the market today, and whether you want to install a furnace in your new home or replace an old model, you should only trust your furnace installation with experts. For over two generations, the professional technicians at James A. Wheat & Sons have been installing and maintaining the furnaces of the DC metro area residents, and we can help you with all your installation needs!
If you need furnace installation in Montgomery County, Maryland, including Rockville, Bethesda, Potomac, Chevy Chase, or the surrounding areas, contact James A. Wheat & Sons today by contacting us online or calling 240-399-5051240-399-5051.
There's nothing more important to the lifespan of your furnace than the quality of its installation—that's why you should always trust it with the best. At James A. Wheat & Sons, we've been installing furnaces in the Montgomery County, MD area since 1978, so we have the experience and skills necessary to expertly install your new furnace. Our highly trained HVAC technicians have a thorough understanding of furnaces and can help you size and fit the right heating system to your home.
To learn more about furnace installation in Montgomery County, contact us online now!
Furnaces may not be the only type of heating system available, but they are certainly among the most popular! Many people who choose a to have their furnace replaced for a new model enjoy a number of benefits, including:
The experts at James A. Wheat & Sons can help you select the right furnace for your needs and budget so that you can enjoy a comfortable, warm home for years to come. Although we can install any make and model furnace, we recommend Carrier furnaces because we believe in the dependability and integrity of their products.
If you live in Montgomery County, MD or Washington, DC, call James A. Wheat & Sons today to schedule your furnace installation! We can help you choose a furnace that's right for you and install it in a timely manner.
Contact us online or by phone at 240-399-5051240-399-5051 to schedule your furnace installation in Rockville, Bethesda, Chevy Chase, Potomac, or the surrounding areas today.
Not only are we a family-owned and -operated business, but the company name is also our name. That means that when we provide services for you, we are attaching our personal name to that service. Your friends and neighbors in Montgomery County and Washington, DC have come to rely on our expertise because we are:
Contact James A. Wheat & Sons today to schedule your furnace installation in the Montgomery County, MD area! Give us a call at 240-399-5051240-399-5051 or fill out the form at the top of the page!


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A Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Dr Sarah Alade, has said Nigeria will surpass the International Monetary Fund (IMF) growth projection of 7.4 per cent for it in 2014.
Alade, who is the Deputy Governor for Economic Policy, spoke in Lagos yesterday at the presentation of the IMF 2013 Regional Economic Outlook for Sub-Sahara Africa.
She said the average projection for Sub-Sahara African countries was six per cent in 2014 due to strong investment demands.
Alade also said inflation was expected to maintain its downward trend to less than six per cent by the end of 2014.
She said the goals could be achieved through prudent monetary management and the Federal Government's transformation agenda as well as the growing non-oil sector of the economy.
She said Nigeria had exceeded its peers in the region due to increased trading partners as well as being able to handle political and domestic constraints.
Alade also said that most investors coming into the country had taken advantage of the tight monetary measures put in place by the government.
She said it was important that Nigeria must ensure that inflows into the country could assist and create short-term macro-economic stability.
Alade said when such inflows got out of the system, they would create instability which could spill over to the short, medium and long terms financial instability.
She, however, said government would ensure that some policies were put in place to manage the inflows to mitigate risk.
The official said such policies included macro-economic and financial stability policies which were efficient and effective.
"Let me say that we will push growth beyond 7. 4 per cent depending on the structural transformation we are doing.
"If these reforms in power, agriculture and in all other sectors are concluded and successfully implemented on time, then we might see growth beyond 7.4 per cent. Again, it depends on the timing,'' she added.
The Managing Director of Financial Derivatives Company, Mr Bismarck Rewane, said that economic managers had to be more proactive and active in terms of preparing for changes in future
Rewane said that there would be a lot of volatility in commodity prices, production as well as security issues during the election year.


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Broccoli Kale Soup [Low FODMAP option]
Oh heyyyyy. Are you surprised? Another soup recipe is here! I've been souping it up lately and quite frankly, can't get enough. I already have my eyes set on the next soup that I'm going to make — hint, it's got a greek flare to it! But back to the soup at hand. It's hard to not get in my tried and true vitamix soup rut — my typical carrot, broccoli, zucchini blend. It's creamy from the carrots, green enough to feel like I don't need a salad or extra green topping (though sometimes I do that anyway), and has a nice mind flavor with just enough thickness. That said, I needed to break out of the rut. So enter broccoli kale soup. This soup was good, but it really came to life when I ate it as leftovers the following day with a hefty sprinkling of nutritional yeast and some ACV. It made it like a cheesy broccoli soup, not that i've actually eaten that, but it's what I would imagine it to taste like.
Have you been feeling soup like I have? Would love to hear your go-to's. The options are truly endless and I can never get enough inspo. So on to the recipe now, yes?
Ingredients // Pantry items:
2 tablespoons olive oil
1 head of broccoli (tops only if Low FODMAP)
1/2 yellow onion (omit if Low FODMAP)
1 leek (dark greens only if Low FODMAP)
2 garlic cloves (omit if Low FODMAP)
4 cups bone broth
1 bunch of kale, de-stemmed and chopped
Salt and pepper
Toppings: red pepper flakes, fresh squeezed lemon juice, nutritional yeast (definitely do this…lots of this), poached chicken thighs (optional topper for extra protein — quinoa would also be great)
Trim and cut broccoli into florets (and discard stems all together if Low FODMAP)
Heat olive oil in large, heavy pot on medium-high heat
Add onion, leeks, and garlic, and cook until soft (but not browned) - about 8 mins
Stir in broccoli with a big pinch of salt, cook until tender (approx 5 minutes)
Then, pour in bone broth and turn up the heat. Once it's at a boil, lower heat, cover, and let simmer for about 15-20 mins - until everything has completely softened together
Add chopped kale, stir and let cook until softened (approx 3 minutes)
Transfer soup and puree in a high speed blender, then return to pot
Poach some chicken thighs or cook up some quinoa — optional
Serve soup with fresh cracked pepper, chili flakes, lemon juice or ACV, lots of nutritional yeast, parsley, and your protein of choice!
Enjoy! XO


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- Home
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- Length of Training
Length of Training
April 7, 2011 at 9:15 AM
I am confused by the varying lengths of Polarity training. How long does it take to become a Polarity Therapist?
John Hutchinson
re: Length of Training
July 25, 2011 at 6:02 PM
That is almost like asking how long is a piece of string! Most full professional trainings that cover all aspects of Polarity Therapy are about 500 hours. However, it is quite possible to learn the Polarity principles and apply them with much less training. Typically in the region of 120 hours.
re: Length of Training
June 24, 2012 at 5:00 AM
I think it's important to look at what we mean by training. We may be able to learn manipulations and understand Polarity with our minds, and is that all that the training really is? Polarity is like a lived entity. Until our whole being understands, it's just a model of training. In my years of learning and growing Polarity, I have found that the manipulations are the last thing I need to remember. I must have a learnt sense of movement and growth and energy exchange. I need to understand illness and dis-ease at the energy level before my manipulations can do all they are meant to. When I find people who think they 'have it all' after a weekend traing, I cringe. We need to take the training to a level of understanding, from knowledge to wisdom. How long does that take?? A lifetime
Your post has been saved and will be published after approval by the forum moderator.


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Payoneer Invests in the UK; Unveiling London Office
20 Jun, 2017, 13:30 BST
Global payment provider opens new local office to increase support for UK businesses working internationally
LONDON, June 20, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Payoneer, a leading cross-border payments company transforming the way businesses send and receive funds globally, officially unveiled a new office today in London. The company has seen an increased demand for UK businesses looking to expand beyond the EU, as well as digital marketplaces and platforms opening their doors to foreign sellers, publishers and talent. Payoneer is aiming to connect the fast-growing digital economy in the UK to the rest of the world.
"London is a huge tech and innovation hub, yet UK businesses have historically focused on a domestic-first approach," notes Daniel Mayhew, Country Manager for Payoneer in the UK. "Our mission is to help these businesses take advantage of the incredibly lucrative markets that exist internationally. We felt it was crucial to open up a physical office in the UK at this junction to offer more support to the local business community."
- UK sellers excel in the international market - In March of 2017, HM Revenue and Customs reported that total UK trade exports reached £31.4 billion that month, a 27% increase from the same period last year. UK merchants are increasingly selling on international marketplaces such as Amazon, Wish and Tophatter in the US, Cdiscount in France and Lazada in SE Asia. Payoneer has seen that UK sellers can expect their sales to grow by an average of 66% by listing their products on additional international marketplaces.
- Global trends towards growth – Cross-border commerce is on track to reach an all-time high, with new leaders in global trade arising each year. Numbers indicate that the UK is in the early stages of a globalization boom; in 2016, Payoneer saw triple digit growth in the number of new users from the UK compared with the previous year. With a team on the ground offering increased support to the local business community, Payoneer can help accelerate global growth for UK businesses.
- Launch of new payment solutions – The new Japanese Yen and Chinese Yuan Payment Services, together with existing American dollar and Euro offerings, provide UK-based Payoneer customers with local receiving accounts in key trading markets to accept payments in those countries and currencies. This empowers them to sell to clients or on marketplaces in those countries and collect their earnings with the same ease as domestic businesses, making it simple to expand into these huge and rapidly growing markets. Plus, the Payoneer account allows UK sellers to hold multiple currencies, and make payments to foreign suppliers using these funds for free, avoiding a double conversion.
"As Brexit looms, there's an increased interest among many UK businesses to look to new markets for growth, like the US, Asia and Latin America," states Scott Galit, CEO of Payoneer. "At Payoneer, we are experts helping businesses expand into international markets and capitalize on growth opportunities in the new global digital economy. We've continued to increase investment in key markets to support global trade, most recently opening new offices in Japan, India, the Philippines, China and now, the UK. After twelve years in the industry, we understand the needs of the business community in the rapidly changing digital economy, and plan to become the top partner in the UK helping businesses grow internationally."
About Payoneer
Payoneer empowers global commerce by connecting businesses, professionals, countries and currencies with its innovative cross-border payments platform. In today's borderless digital world, Payoneer enables millions of businesses and professionals from more than 200 countries to reach new audiences by facilitating seamless, cross-border payments. Additionally, thousands of leading corporations including Airbnb, Amazon, Getty Images, Google and UpWork rely on Payoneer's mass payout services. B2B marketplaces are also using Payoneer to power secure escrow transactions between their buyers and sellers around the world.
With Payoneer's fast, flexible, secure and low-cost solutions, businesses and professionals in both developed and emerging markets can now pay and get paid globally as easily as they do locally. Founded in 2005 and based in New York, Payoneer is venture-backed, profitable, ranked in the top 100 of Inc. 5000's Financial Services companies, and was awarded a spot on the 2017 CNBC Disruptor 50 list.
Related Links
SOURCE Payoneer


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We started this leg of our journey in the small town of Murghab in Eastern Tajikistan, a place that some journalists have described as "post-apocalyptic" and "the worst place in the world." High in the mountains amid a harsh and unforgiving landscape, it truly felt like the end of the earth.
We'd just received more bad news about our car. Ever since we replaced its faulty head gasket back in Uzbekistan, it had been acting a bit funny, and although we survived our latest breakdown, the mechanic was now telling us we'd probably only be able to make it another hundred miles. Our options were limited, so after mulling it over, we decided that the best we could do was to keep going for as long as our engine would last.
It hardly seemed like an appropriate time to take on a new challenge, but there was only one road, so we didn't really have a choice but to forge ahead to the Ak-Baital Pass, which at 15,311 feet was the highest point of our entire journey!
Somehow, our car managed to make it to the top, but lest we breathe a sigh of relief, there was another, unexpected challenge awaiting us farther down the road. After entering Kyrgyzstan, we made the mistake of trusting our GPS over our paper maps, and what was supposed to be a 10-12 hour trip turned into a two day odyssey!
To give you a sense of how windy and mountainous our route turned out to be, here's a close-up of the map from one section of the road:
What will happen to us, and where will we end up?
Listen to the latest episode of Far From Home to find out!
Finally, I'm thrilled to announce that in addition to all the normal podcast-listening apps, there's now a new, great way to listen to Far From Home if you have an Amazon Echo smart speaker. Just tell Alexa to enable the Anypod skill (or click here). Then say "Alexa, tell AnyPod to play Far From Home." Unlike the Echo's built-in podcast player, Anypod lets you specify particular episodes of this program that you want to hear, you can fast-forward or rewind, and it will even remember where you left off the last time you were listening! For a more complete list of what Anypod can do, check out its user manual. And while Anypod unfortunately doesn't work with Google Home or Sonos devices, you can still listen there as you normally would, by requesting the Far From Home podcast.
Thanks for listening!
Photos by Drew Gurian


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Epic Games Unreal Studio Beta 4.20 Released
The latest release of Unreal Studio Beta is now available and has incorporated months work of beta user feedback. New features make exporting, importing, and editing in Unreal Engine faster …Read More
News from the world of 3D
The latest release of Unreal Studio Beta is now available and has incorporated months work of beta user feedback. New features make exporting, importing, and editing in Unreal Engine faster …Read More
RenderMan 22 came out last week. Learn about the new features, and download it free for non-commercial use. Plus, a tutorial and a link to more software that you can …Read More
GSG HDRI Pack: Ultimate Skies Take your outdoor renders to new heights. Ultimate Skies is a collection of 85 jaw-dropping skies, all in 12K with up to 30 stops of …Read More
The new release of Forest Pack 6 is simple enough for everyday use. The update also offers many new features and tools to improve the way you work. And of …Read More
FurryBall renderer combines the speed of GPU rendering with QUALITY and features of CPU rendering, making it ideal for animation rendering because of its incredible speed. Supported Software Autodesk Maya …Read More
Create photorealistic materials with powerful texture mixing and painting controls. Experience the most intuitive material authoring workflow to date. Plus, learn about NDO, DDO, and Quixel Suite, on sale now! …Read More
The next major release of V-Ray will be smarter, faster and even better. V-Ray Next beta is open to V-Ray 3.x for 3ds Max customers. Join the Beta Here's a …Read More
Next Limit has an exclusive beta for RealFlow | Maya, which is scheduled to be released around the end of May 2018. Register for the beta today! RealFlow | Cinema …Read More
The V-Ray for Unreal Engine beta is the fastest, easiest way for you to bring V-Ray scenes from 3ds Max, Maya, and SketchUp directly into Unreal. From Chaos Group: V-Ray …Read More
Saturday March 24 & Sunday March 25, 2018 Plant Factory Advanced: Unravelling Deeper Layers in Procedural Plant Creation Join Daniel Seebacher for a 2 part webinar series on advanced procedural …Read More


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Has anyone successfully used the APM2.5 (or other APM) with the cheaper NEO-6M ublox gps ?
Did you need any modifications to the source code ?
Thx !
Views: 136483
thanks again Para!
thinking about buying the LEA from 3DR as well to get the best GPS performance as possible.
Hi Para ..how do you connect the CN06 to the labtop ..I have a usb module with DTR, RTS, CTS, GND, 5v, Rx, Tx, 3.3v .. My CN06 version 2.0 only has the small 4 pin plug that connects to the APM.. How do I get it to talk to the Ublox software and which pins do I connect and where? Thanks Reuben
Are you sure work then?
I've here the same gps module (a friend bought the complete ardyflyer kit from rc-timer) with firmware 7.03 and see always "no fix" after the configuration upgrade.
I'm curious to see if it has the same performance of version 6H, but i don't think.
I have 3 Crius modules now. On APM2.0, 2.5 and the AIOP. One is an older v1 retrofitted with an eeprom, the other are v2. All three reconfigured with 3DR-Ublox.
On MPNG you'd manually edit the config for 38400/ublox. On the APMs I just load via MP. No beta-testing in this cold :(
I've been flying both for months, can't see any performance differences between them!
I read on rcgroups that someone compared how good they were. His conclusion was that the prestations of the rctimer ublox gps were comparable to those of the 3DR LEA-6H.
Marco, for initial lock you must give the gps a good look at the sky for a few minutes. After that it will get lock inside the house too.
I now have over 20 successful missions with my arduflyer kit on my mscomposit swiftII flying wing and no failures apart from a battery empty and a configuration error, but those were all my fault.
Sound good, thanks mate!
This is from a noob (still building my first quad) but I've been around R/C, GPS and computers for years.
I purchased an APM 2.5 module and a uBolx CN-06 V2 a month ago from RCTimer. It came with the correct 4 pin cable. I plugged it directly into the APM, fired it up via Mission Planner and it works fine.
How accurate it will be in the air I don't know but it is seeing 10 satellites inside my house and has an EPE of 15' or so.
I've read a lot of posts the firmware should be updated to get it to work but like I said mine was plug and play. More to come when it actually flies I guess.
This is the GPS I'm referring to: RCTimer uBlox GPS
Jim, you cannot update the firmware on the NEO- series. You can only store some preferences in the EEPROM attached to it. It will boot and work "plug'n play" but then you'd have only 1Hz position update and it will spew useless NMEA sentences on the line, which the CPU will have to drop and ignore, resulting in degraded overall performance.
Everybody and their cats are trying to squeeze the last drop of efficiency from this seemingly outdated 8-bit technology, that somehow marvelously still suits our needs in a world dominated by multi-core 32/64-bit processing. ;)
Thanks so much for the information. This is the first clear answer I've received concerning 'why' I would want to change what's in the EEPROM. I will look into doing just that, can't see why I wouldn't want to. I'll have to dig around here and see if I have an FTDI adapter I can make fit the the NEO. If not I'll dig one up from eBay.
Still a noob but learning everyday - thanks!
i have received this one from HK
but when i try to upload th 3DR txt from ucenter i obtain
"Corupted configuration file in line 5:1. Unable to store configuration to GPS receiver"
ANy idea on how to solve it ?
You might have invalid characters on that file. Try stripping off leading and trailing spaces.
Presume you used the raw text file option as opposed to directly copying the text off the webpage.
Can't think of any other reason for the error! It has to be the txt file...


text: Veterans McLean County Habitat Builds Strong Foundation For Hero Home Program By Colleen Reynolds • Aug 29, 2019 Vonda Rodgers said a prayer as volunteers pounded nails in syncopation in the parking lot of the VFW as they began the work of constructing the first McLean County Habitat for Humanity Hero Home. McLean County Veterans Court Seeks To Overcome Resistance Of Self-Reliance By Eric Stock • Jun 19, 2019 Eric Stock / WGLT McLean County's new veterans court is looking to grow after having its first two success stories. Honor Flights Give Veterans Camaraderie and Closure By Charlie Schlenker & Sean Newgent • Apr 25, 2019 Charlie Schlenker / WGLT Larry Rigdon served in the Vietnam War as a radio operator directing helicopter supply drops. He had never been to his war's memorial in Washington, D.C. Program To Honor WWI Graves For Centennial Armistice Day By Ryan Denham • Sep 27, 2018 Facebook / VFW Post 454 A woman who comes from one of McLean County's most well-known military families is trying to rally support for a passion project honoring local soldiers killed in World War I. VA Selects Outpatient Clinic Site In Bloomington By Eric Stock • Sep 19, 2018 Eric Stock / WGLT Veterans in McLean County will soon have closer access to health care. Illinois Lawmakers React to Rauner-Backed Fixes for Quincy Vets Home By Sam Dunklau • May 2, 2018 Governor Bruce Rauner's administration says a costly rebuild of the Quincy Veterans Home is the best way to get rid of legionella bacteria linked to more than a dozen deaths there. While some state legislators support the move, others remain skeptical. Fallen Heroes Tree of Honor Now Standing in Central Illinois Regional Airport By Student Reporter Dania De La Hoya • Nov 28, 2017 Dania De La Hoya / WGLT Bloomington-Normal is commemorating fallen soldiers and their families in a new way this holiday season. State Farm Adopt-A-Soldier Leader To Retire By Colleen Reynolds • Nov 10, 2017 Photo courtesy of Sharon McCauley A Blue Star mom who has been a major player in State Farm's Military Affinity Group (MAG) is using the eve of Veterans Day to announce she's retiring in March from the company and group that has supported her son and so many other soldiers. Ghosts Of Vietnam War Haunt Today By Judith Valente • Apr 26, 2017 Henri Huet / AP As an expert in international affairs, Harvard University Professor Fredrik Logevall considers it crucial to study the Vietnam War, a complicated and controversial part of American history. Logevall was a child living in Canada when the United States pulled its combat forces from Vietnam in 1973. He has since written widely about the war and shared his insights recently at Illinois State University as a guest of the History Department. Ex-Davenport Grocery Store To Be New Veterans Affairs Clinic By AP • Nov 22, 2016 Terry Ross / Flickr An official says a former grocery store will be converted into a new Veterans Affairs outpatient clinic in Davenport. Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System spokesman Bryan Clark says work is expected to begin in January or February to renovate the former Jewel Foods store across from the Mississippi Valley Fairgrounds. The project is estimated to cost just over $4 million and will replace the Bettendorf clinic location. The clinic is supposed to offer improved examination and treatment space, dedicated women's health exam rooms and expanded telehealth services. Hooah Helps Former Soldiers Survive Civilian Life In Central Illinois By Charlie Schlenker • Nov 10, 2016 Fort George Meade Public Affairs Office On Veterans Day, the nation honors the contributions of soldiers. War though, consumes men and women. It tires them, twists them, and shatters them in ways that make it difficult to re-accustom themselves to the home front. State Farm Insurance employee Tom Huffington has started a group dedicated to saving the lives of soldiers who are struggling with life after the service. Some may be suicidal. Tribute Wall Helps Vietnam Veterans Heal By Colleen Reynolds • Aug 26, 2016 Colleen Reynolds / WGLT Vietnam veterans, vets from other wars, school children and other community members turned out yesterday for the first day of the American Veteran's Traveling Tribute Memorial Wall which will be up through 2 p.m. Sunday at Evergreen Cemetery in Bloomington. GLT Datebook: Honor, Respect, Remember By Laura Kennedy • Aug 13, 2016 Austin Kirk / Flickr via Creative Commons Evergreen Memorial Cemetery in Bloomington and Cargill have teamed up to host the American Veterans Traveling Tribute Vietnam Wall August 24 - 28. The wall will be on display at Evergreen along with other historical displays. Vets Get Into Lincoln Musuem Free Wednesday By ap • Nov 5, 2015 The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is honoring the nation's veterans by offering free admission to members of the military on Veterans Day. The Springfield museum also will display portraits of fallen soldiers from Illinois on a screen in the museum's main plaza. The ``Portrait of a Soldier'' exhibit, which features 287 hand-drawn portraits, will be shown alongside quotes about the military from the nation's 16th president. The portraits will be on display next week from Tuesday through Thursday.


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Discussion (18) ¬
Just realized that "Sweet City Woman" is the right tempo for doing CPR… though less apt than the former standbys, "Stayin' Alive" and "Another One Bites the Dust." Though if doing CPR to that last one in front of the patient's family and friends, better just hum.
I am a horrible person for being unable to stop myself from singing Stayin' Alive while getting my first aid certification. At least it gave the instructor a laugh.
Agreed, anything is better than Sweet City Woman.
Thanks, Adam…now "Sweet City Woman" is stuck in my head, and it's almost bedtime!
In the last panel they won't have to worry about that debate for long, since the car will soon fly off a cliff and explode. The question is, which one will survive?
Only thing "Funky Cold Medina" would be better than is if the alternative were the "Dog Catcher."
I like how you're just now "beginning to think" this.
I will fight for the funk!
In case anyone doesn't remember this gem…: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-udnHA68_c
Yeah, I'd stab someone and throw them off a train for playing that on my car radio.
"Sweet City Woman" was an incessant earwig on my high school lunchtime 'radio.' I always associate it with a terrible tasting poor boy sandwich they sold at the school snack shack (how do you eff up a poor boy?!?)
Keeping it rail, I see.
Sweet City Woman is bon, si bon, bon bon, si bon bon. Long live The Stampeders!
Come at me, bros!


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Thank you for visiting Teaching Well! My intention behind this blog is to inspire and encourage wellness, balance, and joy in teachers and non-teachers alike.
A couple of years ago, I sat in front of a nutritionist complaining about my habit of mindlessly snacking on anything and everything at night (popcorn in particular!). I couldn't break the urge. She explained it quite simply. As a teacher, I am giving, giving, giving all day long. Teachers give of their energy, patience, and love every day, often doing a hundred things at once. Our lunch breaks are short (if they happen at all) and on some days, we barely have time to go to the bathroom. When evening comes, when we're finally at home and resting, our minds and bodies want to *give to ourselves* after giving to others all day. For me, this was translating into nightly sampling of every popcorn brand on the market.
Self-care and balance are so important for those in service-oriented professions, like teachers. It's also important for anyone and everyone, regardless of your job. So while this blog is titled Teaching Well, I hope anyone from any background, doing any kind of life work can find value in what is offered.
Finally, I am not a life coach, a therapist, or a professional anything when it comes to wellness. I'm just a normal person who has been teaching second grade for almost seven years now. When I'm not teaching/grading/planning, I read a lot of books on self-improvement, practice yoga, dabble in meditation, and appreciate mindfulness. I aim to share what I've learned, pass along interesting resources I find, and write about my general musings. Follow my blog and stay tuned for all the goodness!
Thank you for reading!


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Bharti Foundation to open 500 schools for underprivileged1 min read . Updated: 22 Jun 2008, 12:02 PM IST
Bharti Foundation to open 500 schools for underprivileged
Bharti Foundation to open 500 schools for underprivileged
New Delhi: Bharti Foundation, the philanthropic arm of Bharti Enterprises, will open 500 primary and 50 senior secondary-cum-vocational training schools for underprivileged children across rural India under its Satya Bharti School Programme.
President Pratibha Devisingh Patil today inaugurated the Satya Bharti School at village Lordi Dejgara in Jodhpur district.
The Foundation's flagship programme is aimed at benefiting over two lakh children across the country by giving them access to quality education through innovative teaching material and classroom processes. The programme is an innovative public-private-partnership model in the area of education.
Also present at the occasion were Rajan Bharti Mittal, managing director, Bharti Enterprises and Abhishek Manu Singhvi, member of parliament, Rajya Sabha.
Mittal said, "While India makes impressive strides with its rapid economic growth, 300 million children in the age group of seven years and above do not have access to education."
The promoters of Bharti and its associates have committed a corpus of Rs200 crore for Bharti Foundation's projects, in particular, for the Satya Bharti School Programme's roll out across the country.


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Personal Banking
Small Business Banking
Commercial Banking
Private Client Group
Personal Financial Services
For the quickest answer, search previously asked questions below. Chances are, others have asked a similar question and there's already an answer waiting for you. If you can't find a match, ask a new question and our team members will answer.
I would like to deposit some cash into my sister's bank account but I don't want her to know that it was from me. Kind of like a birthday gift. Is this possible?
md, ny brooklyn
August 13, 2017 09:31:01 AM
1 person recommended this |
1 Response
In reply to md, ny brooklyn
That sounds like a nice surprise, MD!
You should be able to make a cash deposit into sister's account. Be sure to have some of her personal info to provide the bank teller so we can ensure we credit the correct account. To find a TD Bank Store near you, along with their contact info and hours, please click here: https://go.td.com/1nq31dc.
If you have any additional questions, please don't hesitate to give us a call 24/7 at 888-751-9000 or stop in to see us at any of our Stores.
We hope you're having a great weekend, MD!
Candice A, Mount Laurel
August 13, 2017 09:31:48 AM


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We Shouldn't Export Unrefined American Petroleum
Increased production and efficiency have driven down our dependence on imported oil from a peak of 60% in 2005 to 34% today. Yet nearly half of our total imports still come from OPEC
By trying to overturn four decades of U.S. law that keep American oil here for American consumers, the oil industry is attempting an epic bait-and-switch scheme, which the Journal has decided to support ("Exporting American Oil," Review & Outlook, Dec. 15).
For years, the calls by the oil industry and their political allies for more drilling have been deafening. They claimed more domestic drilling would lower prices for consumers and increase American energy security by reducing imports. But now that we have reached...


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Important Things To Know About Online Marketing The world of internet marketing is enormous and there sell goods and information from different companies and gets paid a commission out of it. All you have to do is select a niche product and prepare all the for the customer or they are also a waste of time. Unfortunately, many marketing techniques fail and only a small percentage is one of many new online business opportunities. It explains keyword research, finding profitable partners and markets, information the customer you send to the merchant site so you get the credit for the commission.
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Actually speaking, there is no hard and fast rule paid , a wide range of themes, or templates are available. Nowadays, we can see a whole new breed of young entrepreneurs who are promote your website, and for Internet marketing of small businesses. ☞ The following are the key features of this software that makes it so popular with aspiring as well as seasoned web designers; Visual Mode:- Since the WYSIWYG mechanism the company website, who was then attracted to buy their product or service. The good news is, there is more than one road income, while at the same time, promote your products
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Golf celebrate 20 years of four-wheel drive
Despite a still hesitant start, winter is here. This means of course we can brace ourselves for those strenuous drives at sub-zero temperatures. Faced with ice, snow and generally unpredictable road conditions, a growing number of motorists would like four-wheel drive. However, by no means do all carmakers offer four-wheel drive in their high-volume models. Not so at Volkswagen, where four-wheel drive has now been available in the Golf for 20 years. Besides this current example, Volkswagen also supplies four-wheel drive (4MOTION) in the Passat, Sharan, Touareg and Phaeton, plus the Multivan, Caravelle and Transporter.
- 1986: the Golf syncro brings four-wheel drive to the compact class
- Volkswagens with four-wheel drive: Golf, Passat, Sharan, Multivan, Touareg, Phaeton
- Stress-free winter motoring: Volkswagen's 4MOTION four-wheel drive offers extra safety
syncro in the Golf
Taking a brief look back, the first four-wheel-drive version of the Golf came out in 1986. As it had so often done before, Volkswagen made a new technology available to a wider public. The Golf syncro gave many motorists their first opportunity to own an affordable car with optimum traction even under difficult road conditions.
syncro in the Passat and Transporter
The four-wheel-drive Passat Estate GT syncro had already been launched two years before. The system's central differential compensated for wheel speed differences between the front and rear axles when cornering. On slippery ground the differential could be locked to ensure optimum traction at both axles.
However, this was also the most costly form of four-wheel drive system; to build a Golf syncro at a marketable price, a different engineering solution would have to be found. Fortunately, Volkswagen had developed a technology for the four-wheel-drive Transporter, launched in 1985, which suited the Golf perfectly: the viscous coupling. It connected the Golf's substantially unmodified front-wheel drive with the differential of the syncro rear axle and worked fully automatically without the need for any intervention by the driver. The silicon liquid in the viscous coupling allowed the front and rear axles to turn at different speeds when passing through bends. And when necessary, for instance if the front wheels were standing on sheer ice, it transmitted virtually 100 percent of the engine power to the rear axle.
The same engineering principle was later adopted for the front-engine Transporter T4 and the third-generation Golf. The career of the viscous coupling continued until the introduction of extremely fast reacting electronic vehicle dynamics control systems, such as ESP in the Golf IV; at the same time, the name syncro disappeared from the vehicle ID plates.
4MOTION for the Golf, Passat, Sharan and Multivan
Syncro made way for a new system with a new name: 4MOTION. The Golf Europe's most successful compact car shares this technology with the Passat, Sharan plus the Multivan and its close technical relatives, the Caravelle and Transporter.
In all of these models an electronically controlled Haldex coupling makes the connection between the front-wheel drive and the rear axle. Its core elements are a multi-plate clutch and an annular piston oil pump. At the slightest difference between the speeds of rotation of the driven front axle and the rear axle, the oil pump produces pressure, closing the multi-plate clutch and the rear wheels instantly receive power. At the same time, the ESP's control electronics monitor the Haldex coupling. When there are signs that the vehicle is losing directional stability, ESP opens a control valve between the oil pump and the multi-plate clutch, thus interrupting the connection between front and rear axles. ESP can then brake each wheel independently of the others to prevent the vehicle from breaking away.
The electronics also detect when the vehicle is being manoeuvred at low speed and open the control valve accordingly. Otherwise the Haldex coupling would react as soon as the vehicle is manoeuvred with the steering at full lock. This would lead to wind-up in the drivetrain, eventually causing increased tyre wear. But that is not all the control valve does: it also directs the transmission of torque by the Haldex coupling. This takes into account that in some situations it is counterproductive to supply the maximum possible torque to the rear axle, as this could make the vehicle oversteer. The electronics manage the control valve, adjusting the characteristics of the Haldex coupling to help ensure the Volkswagen handles as the driver expects.
4XMOTION for the Touareg
A modified version of the multi-plate clutch is also used the Touareg. The difference in the latest version of Volkswagen's off-roader is that the rear wheels are driven not only when the front wheels slip; instead, four-wheel drive is permanently active. In this case the system is called 4XMOTION. It is a four-wheel drive system using a transfer box with switchable off-road reduction gearing and a locking central differential as standard. Its electronically controlled multi-plate lock and the rear axle differential (locking as an option) are automatically managed by the running gear electronics. Under normal conditions the torque is distributed 50:50. Depending on the driving situation, the full engine power can be transmitted variably up to 100 percent to just one of the drive axles. A rotary control switch in the cockpit can be used to activate the differential locks manually (100 percent). An electronic differential lock (EDL) governing the power to all four wheels provides fine adjustment of the torque distribution.
4MOTION for the Phaeton
In Volkswagen's large saloon a Torsen differential, which responds to the slightest differences in axle rotation speed, carries out the key function in distributing engine torque. The 4MOTION system fitted as standard in the Phaeton makes it a genuine four-wheel-drive saloon due to this integrated differential and the standard torque distribution of 50:50 between the front and rear axles.
In this way, the 4MOTION name stands for tailored technology systems engineered to perfectly match each set of a requirements. They all offer major gains in performance and active safety both on dry and on wet or icy ground – letting drivers look forward to a winter's motoring.


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Those who read my post yesterday know that it was a bit of a tough day. A happy day, yet tinged with some self-indulging sadness.
However in my life I have found that in moments when I am struggling, somehow a piece of respite always comes to find me.
Some believe that there is a "medicine" that comes along with every living thing in nature. The basic concept is that animals, birds, bugs, etc. carry certain characteristics, and that they make themselves known to us when we need to be reminded of those characteristics. I like to think of it as a whisper from Mama Nature, a nudge from God, or a gift from the universe–whatever term you use to name that which is greater than you.
Yesterday I walked into my bedroom to see a bright red ladybug sitting, as if on a throne, in the middle of my completely white rug. Hello, where did you come from?
I let her climb onto my hand, then ushered her outside.
A few hours later I took my dog over to our baby pool (a.k.a. our dog's swimming pool) and lo and behold, there was Miss Ladybug floundering on her back [and no it was not lost on me that the ladybug was quite literally struggling in the baby pool!]. I righted her and sent her on her way again.
I had not seen a ladybug in probably three years before yesterday.
Out of curiosity I thought I would look to see what the "medicine" of the ladybug is. Maybe she was Mama Nature speaking to little ole me.
Below is what I found.
Sometimes if we listen to the wisdom that comes to us in many various shapes and forms, we find a tonic that soothes us better than any other.
I am glad the ladybug came for a visit, and I certainly needed to hear the message she was bringing me.
Though small in size the ladybug is fearless. As fear cannot exist amongst joy,
The ladybug brings a message of promise, for they get us back in touch with the joy of living – we must let go of our fears and go back to our roots, to love.
This tiny little beetle packs a powerful message. Because the life cycle of the adult ladybug is short it teaches us how to release our worry and enjoy our life to the fullest. When it appears in our life it is telling us to "let go and let God."
Ladybug showing up in one's life foretells a time of luck and protection, where wishes start to become actualized.
Worries will quickly disperse when ladybug appears as they shield us from our aggravations, paving the way for new found happiness – aim high, you will get what you focus on.
However, ladybug also cautions us not to force things or try too hard to fulfill our wishes. Go with the flow and let things take their natural course. Your wishes will come true when they do – in their own time!


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Peeling from milk
Mix 1.5 cups of brown sugar, 3 teaspoons of milk and 1 teaspoon of honey. With circular movements, rub the mixture into the skin and wash your face after 10 minutes.
Milk fats moisten the skin, and lactic acid gently removes dead cells that close the pores and cause acne. The honey supplement will prevent inflammation.
Honey Mask
Put three teaspoons of honey and a teaspoon of cinnamon in a bowl, mix and apply the mixture on the face. Leave to act for 15 minutes and wash your face with warm water.
Honey acts antibacterial, absorbs impurities from the pores and prevents the oily skin, and thus the appearance of acne.
Mask from oatmeal
Put in a bowl 3/4 cup oat flakes and a cup of water, and cook the mixture for one to two minutes. After it cools, apply it on the face and let it work for 10 to 20 minutes.
Oatmeal gently cleanses the impurities, soothes the skin and acts soothing, which makes it an excellent choice for inflamed skin.


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The convention when pairing wine with either eggs or ham is "Don't." Ham is too salty; eggs, too gooey (they gum up the palate and block any wine's flavors). But there are saltier foods than ham that beg for wine (oysters, for instance, and Muscadet; or salted nuts and fish and fino Sherry). And well cooked-through eggs have all the goo gone. Many wines can successfully pair up with this dish. That's what zesty acidity, lean structure, moderate alcohol and low tannin in wines are meant for. And that's what's recommended.
Craig Claiborne's Chinese Stir-fry Egg Yolks
From former Post food editor Helen Dollaghan's interview with cookbook author Craig Claiborne in the Oct. 29, 1972, edition of Empire Magazine. She reported that he brought his own "libation" in a Thermos because it was Election Day and the restaurant was not serving liquor. Recipe is from "The Chinese Cookbook," by Claiborne, makes 4 main or 8 side servings.
Beat together 3/4 cup egg yolks (about 9 yolks), 1 1/2 cups chicken broth and 1 1/2 tablespoons cornstarch, which has been dissolved in a small amount of the broth. Add 1 cup finely diced water chestnuts, 1/2 teaspoon sugar, optional MSG and salt. Put 1/2 cup peanut, vegetable or corn oil in a wok or skillet. When it is moderately hot, add the egg mixture. Cook over moderate heat, and stir gently by bringing the egg mixture from the bottom of the pan to the top in a folding motion. Cook until set. Sprinkle with 1/4 cup diced ham.
For this dish, choices are legion: many German, Austrian and Alsatian whites; Italian whites such as arneis, verdicchio, Orvieto or Soave; albariño and Vinho Verde; dry and medium-dry Vouvray or chenin blanc; Muscadet and other Loire whites; some sauvignon blancs; many Loire reds; pinot noirs from cooler climates (Oregon, Burgundy); Italian barbera or dolcetto; gamay (from America or Beaujolais); many Chiantis; and Rioja reds. Wines that won't work so well include blockbuster, oaky, high-alcohol wines (many chardonnays, cabernet sauvignons, zinfandels, syrahs/shirazes and merlots).
Reach Bill St John at email@example.com


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Although we don't tend to think about it much, our lives are full of traditions. We inherit them from our families without thinking about it. We learn them as young children and then either look forward to them as we get older or dread them; one or the other. How we celebrate holidays is usually traditional, although the "traditional" may vary from one family to the next. Continue reading
Tag Archives: family
The True Value of Life & Wealth
Sure, we'd all like to be rich. If you're familiar with the Avengers in Marvel Comics, then you know who Tony Stark is. It's no surprise that, when asked which Avenger they'd like to be, most people answered, "Iron Man." When asked to explain why people most often cited the fact that Iron Man's alter ego, Tony Stark, is mega rich. And we're not talking about millionaire, multi-millionaire or even billionaire kind of rich. We're talking about STUPID rich – multi-billionaire worth HUNDREDS of billions of dollars. Yeah, we all recognize that having that kind of money would probably enable us to make a few changes in our life that might impact our quality of life (quite possibly the biggest understatement ever). Continue reading
Thanksgiving 2015
I saw a post on Facebook and it was a brief look at what the poster was thankful for this year. It gave me pause. I wondered, "Should I do that?" It has always seemed silly to me that we only acknowledge what we're thankful for on a given day in the year. Shouldn't we be thankful for our blessings (and sometimes our challenges) EVERY day? Still, okay… it's Thanksgiving. So let me think about it and figure out what I'm thankful for. Continue reading
The Value of Our Warrior Culture
As I type this it's Sunday afternoon, November 12, 2006. Two days ago, November 10th was the Marine Corps' Birthday (231st). Happy Birthday Marines! I'm proud to have to call my older brothers on that day and wish them all a Happy Birthday since all four served as Marines and two even retired from the Corps. Yesterday, November 11th, was Veterans' Day. To ALL who have served our nation in military uniform, THANK YOU for your service. I count myself both proud and honored to be one of you. Today – in just a few hours – my oldest son leaves. He'll be traveling up to the Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS) near Baltimore to spend the night at a hotel. Early tomorrow morning he'll be up and processed and shipping out to… Marine Corps Boot Camp. Thirteen weeks of life altering experience and training that will certainly change him in many ways. When I consider what kind of man he'll be at the other end, I have to consider what kind of child / man he is NOW to have made this choice and be moving into it with the level of confidence and assurance that he has. Continue reading


text: When a runner gets injured they sulk: they get depressed and stressed and confused. When anyone loses part of what defines them, they have to deal with an emptiness, or refill it. I've been running since I was 10 years old: my dad ran marathons before marathons were crazy events with 50,000+ runners. My dad was the hipster of runners. Before there was Gu or Bonk Breakers or stability shoes. My dad ran miles and miles and miles as a meditation. So I mimicked him. I never ran to compete, although I'm very competitive. The cross country coach at my (Division III university) found me in the cafeteria one day and told me that I ran more miles than his team, and that I might as well come run for him. So I did. We ran 70+ mile weeks. I loved it. I was never the fastest: usually the 4th runner in at best, but we watched Prefontaine a billion times, and it all made me feel normal. I kept running more and more miles: entering races, giving myself goals. I've put in way more miles than my father, although I still think of HIM as the runner. Now, after 20 years of a lot of miles, I'm trying something new. A bike. I'm not new to the bike, necessarily. I went to graduate school in Bloomington, Indiana: the town made famous by Breaking Away. I biked the Hilly Hundred and wrote articles for the alternative newspaper about local bike events. But now I'm doing it as a new meditation. Now I'm admitting that it's never a bad time to redefine yourself.


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The Jewish Chronicle reports: A candidate in the race to be president of the National Union of Students has criticised the organisation for "relentlessly banging on about Israel".
Tom Harwood, a student at Durham University, told the JC: "It's really quite questionable how the NUS has only ever passed boycott measures against one country – and it happens to be the Jewish state."
Mr Harwood, who is not Jewish, noted that despite land disputes and human rights abuses in countries including Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Syria, "the only one that the NUS seems to relentlessly bang on about is Israel.
"It just makes you wonder, what's so different about Israel than all these other countries that they feel the need to go on about it?"
Read more here.


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Excited to announce DECE is now available in Germany
We are excited to announce that DECE now has it's first retailer in Germany! We have just partnered with Pravalia, a company based in Berlin Neukölln, who are dedicated to representing the best of what Romania produces. As part of our commitment to provide employment we are always looking for new markets to break into, new places for DECE to be discovered, and the story to be told. So when Pravalia approached us saying they were interested in the story and products of DECE, we were excited to partner with them, making them the first retailer in Germany to stock our products. DECE products are now available in store and online at www.Pravalia.de


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Septic Systems
All homes in Chenango are on their own septic system.
A typical septic system has four main components: a pipe from the home, a septic tank, a drainfield, and the soil. Microbes in the soil digest or remove most contaminants from wastewater before it eventually reaches groundwater.
Pipe from the home- All of your household wastewater exits your home through a pipe to the septic tank.
Septic Tank- The septic tank is a buried, watertight container typically made of concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene. It holds the wastewater long enough to allow solids to settle out (forming sludge) and oil and grease to float to the surface (as scum). It also allows partial decomposition of the solid materials by helpful bacteria. Compartments and a T-shaped outlet in the septic tank prevent the sludge and scum from leaving the tank and traveling into the drainfield area. Screens are also recommended to keep solids from entering the drainfield. Newer tanks generally have risers with lids at the ground surface to allow easy location, inspection, and pumping of the tank.
Drainfield- Septic tank wastewater exits the tank and flows to the drainfield, where it percolates into the soil, which provides final treatment by removing harmful bacteria, viruses, and nutrients. The partially treated wastewater is pushed along into the drainfield for further treatment every time new wastewater enters the tank. If the drainfield is overloaded with too much liquid, it will flood, causing sewage to flow to the ground surface or create backups in plumbing fixtures and prevent treatment of all wastewater. Some homes have a two drainfields that are switch on and off. Treat this area with the same care as your septic system.
You should have a typical septic system inspected at least every 3 years by a professional and your tank pumped as recommended.
Septic Tank Pumping Schedule Table:
- Numbers in the septic pumping table indicate septic treatment tank pump out in frequency of every xx years for conventional septic tanks, and assuming for year-round occupancy of the residence.
- Garbage disposers will increase the frequency of pumping.
Normal Frequency in Years=NFY
New Pumping Frequency in Years =NPFY
Formula: NFY- [(0.2)xNFY]= NPFY
- For example, if a house with a 750 Gallon tank and six residents had a garbage disposal, the pumping frequency would be calculated as follows: 1.3 years - [(0.2) x 1.3 years] = 1.0 year.
What Shouldn't Go Down the Drain:
Kitchen: Your system is not designed to be a garbage can and solids build up in the septic tank that will eventually need to be pumped. The more solids that go into the tank, the more frequently the tank will need to be pumped, and the higher the risk for problems to arise. In the kitchen, avoid washing meat scraps, coffee grinds, and other hard to break down food items down the drain. Grease and cooking oils contribute to the layer of scum in the tank and also should not be put down the drain.
Bathroom: Avoid flushing any plastics, paper towels, facial tissues, tampons, sanitary napkins, cigarette butts, dental floss, disposable diapers, wipes, condoms, kitty litter, etc. The only things that should be flushed down the toilet are wastewater, waste and toilet paper.
Sinks and Other Drains- Household cleaners such as bleach, disinfectants, and drain and toilet bowl cleaners should be used in moderation and only in accordance with product labels. Overuse of these products can harm your system. It makes sense to try to keep all toxic and hazardous chemicals out of your septic tank system. To avoid disrupting or permanently damaging your septic system, do not use it to dispose of hazardous household chemicals. Even small amounts of paints, varnishes, paint thinners, waste oil, anti-freeze, photographic solutions, pharmaceuticals, antibacterial soaps, gasoline, oil, pesticides, and other organic chemicals can destroy helpful bacteria and the biological digestion taking place within your system.he
Here are some helpful links about septic maintenance.


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Return Policy
The following are the Return Policies regarding your purchases with Peaceful-Island.com
Enjoy Peaceful Island and Welcome!
Return Policy
Our policy lasts 14 days. If 14 days have gone by since your purchase, unfortunately we can't offer you a refund or exchange.
To be eligible for a return, your item must be unused and in the same condition that you received it. It must also be in the original packaging.
Several types of goods are exempt from being returned. Perishable goods such as food, flowers, teas or coffees cannot be returned. We also do not accept products that are intimate or sanitary goods or items that are used, worn, or modified.
Additional non-returnable items:
* Gift cards and store credits
* Downloadable ebooks and software products
* Some health and personal care items
To complete your return, we require a receipt or proof of purchase.
Please always be in contact with customer service with your order number here to guide your return to the proper place.
If you received an item that is damaged or faulty we will happily replace the item at no additional cost to you. Please contact us within 48 hours after receiving your order.
Should you receive an item that is in the wrong color or size than the one you originally order, please email us a picture of the item(s) showing the size tag and its original packaging within 48 hours upon receipt of the order get a replacement.
We can only offer you replacements at no additional cost if it falls under below criteria:
* Items are faulty – damaged/broken or soiled upon arrival.
* We sent wrong item – size, style, color.
* Measurements are provided on each product's description to help you get a more accurate fit. We do not bear responsibility due to NON-RECEIPT or REFUSAL because the item that does not fit yourself.
* We do not accept returns or refunds if customer changes their mind after receiving their order(s).
Note: PEACEFUL-ISLAND.COM will not be held liable to any lost or misrouted parcels. Please ensure that all the information you have provided is correct before submitting your order to prevent losses in mail or other mishaps from happening.
Can I cancel my order(s)? Yes. Cancellations must be made within 2 hours of order placement. Send us an email within 2 hours and let us know the reason why you wish to cancel your order. We do not accept cancellation of orders outside the 2 hours window. Once your cancellation is processed a restocking fee of 20% will be deducted, and a store credit will be provided to you for the remaining amount of the item returned.
Please note that our Standard Shipping Details are posted in the FAQ and/or each product's description(if applicable) therefore all customers should be aware of this before concluding an order. All refunds due to cancellation are processed within 24-48 hour and can take an additional 3-5 business days before a store credit is issued. Further questions can be sent via your refund email us here.Note: Our team will inspect & verify the photo(s) before we issue out a replacement or refund. PEACEFUL-ISLAND.COM reserves the right to refuse any replacement and refund if it does not meet the above criteria.
REFUNDS (if applicable)
Once your return is received and inspected, we will send you an email to notify you that we have received your returned item. We will also notify you of the approval or rejection of your refund.
If you are approved, then your refund will be processed, a restocking fee of 20% will be deducted, and a store credit will be provided to you for the remaining amount of the item returned.
LATE OR MISSING REFUNDS (if applicable)
If you haven't received a refund yet, first check the details in your refund confirmation email. There can be a delay due to weekends and national holidays before a refund is issued. If you have done all of this and you still have not received your refund yet, email us here.
SALE ITEMS (if applicable)
Only regular priced items may be refunded, unfortunately sale items cannot be refunded.
EXCHANGES (if applicable)
We only replace items if they are defective or damaged. If you need to exchange it for the same item, send us an email us here.
If you have other concerns, please refer to our FAQs or contact our Customer Service through submitting a ticket at our website here.
If the item wasn't marked as a gift when purchased, or the gift giver had the order shipped to themselves to give to you later, we will send a refund to the gift giver and he will find out about your return.
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If you are fortunate to have Joanne MacCallum as your Studio 1 instructor, you know just how dedicated and hard working she is. Having gone through this program herself, she knows how to inspire her students to strive for their creative potential, while instilling important guidelines for space planning and codes for commercial projects. While her one-on-one personable and nurturing approach to teaching really is appreciated by all, sometimes as students we can forget that our instructors work and have lives outside of the classroom. Hence, we are thrilled to get to know Joanne a little better this month.
When did you attend UCLA's Extension ARC-ID progam?
At that time, it was a longer program, maybe 3-1/2 years if you went straight through without a break. I worked while attending the program, plus I took summers off for family vacations, so it took me 7 years to finish! I took the studio classes one at a time, with no other classes, so I could focus 100% on the assignments.
What is your background? How did you get to where you are today?
I have had a number of different careers, but I've learned that every job I've had prior to entering the interior design field has been helpful in some aspect of the work.
I attended USC and the University of Colorado, graduating with an English Lit degree. My first job out of college was teaching English and Journalism in a middle school. After 5 years, I took a break from teaching and went to work as a newswriter for a CBS television station.
That became a 15-year career in TV news. After working as a newswriter, I was promoted to be an on-air news reporter, and then transitioned to management as an assignment editor, news director, and executive producer. From there, I took my production skills to a job as associate producer for a Disney game show. It involved a great deal of traveling, so after 2 years, I changed careers again.
My interest in interior spaces led me to commercial real estate. I became a licensed real estate agent and worked finding and developing medical office spaces. I needed drafting and drawing skills for this, so I enrolled in the Arc-ID program so I could show my clients what their suites would look like when developed.
Following graduation, I started my firm, JM Design, which specializes in commercial and residential design.
What attracted you to interior design?
I love organization and resonate with anything related to space planning. It's so funny, but in high school when you take those aptitude tests that ask you to fit a number of objects into a given space, I really excelled! I went for years not knowing how to apply that skill until I discovered the joys of space planning!
What are you currently working on?
Last project completed:
Design of a baby's nursery commissioned by 'Entertainment Tonight' for a story on a young couple they were profiling
Commercial projects currently:
S.Mark Taper Foundation Offices in Brentwood
Northrup Grumman Conference Center in Camarillo
Kitchen and bath design for a 70-unit apartment complex in Simi Valley
Residential projects currently:
Remodel of a penthouse condominium in West LA
Design of a living room & dining room in Agoura Hills
Consultation on several smaller design jobs for color palette selection, space planning, and staging.
In the spring and fall, I teach Interior Architecture Studio 1 in the program.
How do you approach new projects?
Cautiously but enthusiastically. Often, I begin with a paid 2-hour consultation so the client and I can see if it's a good fit. I offer my ideas, ask a lot of questions, and listen very carefully. If hired, I create a detailed Letter of Agreement, with very specific language on my fee schedule and the scope of work indicated, and request a 10 or 20-hour retainer to start the work.
What are 3 qualities that got you to where you are today, professionally?
Having a strong work ethic
Being a good problem solver
Having a sense of humor
What does your typical day look like?
Coffee first! Then answer e-mails and texts and return phone calls. Then on to what has been scheduled. I keep a detailed daily calendar of jobs, meetings and deadlines. I like to have my days planned out as much as possible in advance. With construction jobs, it can be a challenge, as things happen quickly and require immediate action, so I'm careful to leave enough time to make thoughtful decisions. I usually have one or two client meetings a day, often in person, but sometimes in the form of a phone conversation. Time is also spent doing product research, generating invoices, estimates, and budgets, going to design center showrooms, drafting, drawing, selecting color palettes, specifying fixtures or furniture, etc. No two days are alike.
Best career advice you've gotten?
Develop a reliable and competent team of trade resources, vendors and contractors who have the same professional dedication to their work as I do.
Be loyal. Be appreciative. Be reasonable.
What is one helpful design resource you can recommend to our students as they enter the field?
Other designers! Keep in touch with friends and associates in the business so you can bounce ideas off of them. Be generous about sharing resources.
What is something you wish you knew when first got started designing?
How physical the job can be!
Where do you go for inspiration?
For my commercial work: Travel is great for seeing how hotels and restaurants are designed in different cities. Absorbing new uses of color, seeing interesting layouts of spaces, studying new ideas in lighting design.
For my residential work: I read trade magazines, visit design center showrooms, and research internet sites
What is your favorite 'thing' in your own home?
My yard. I have a large vegetable garden and lots of roses, flowers and trees. Working outside is very therapeutic. I spend time at least once each day. With so many 'balls in the air' professionally, this time helps me to balance my life, and the quiet of the outdoors gives me the space to think creatively.
What is something on your bucket list?
I have accomplished several already:
Watching 60' waves in Hawaii, attending a Puccini opera at La Scala Opera House in Milan, and a Verdi opera at the Metropolitan in New York, seeing 'Hamilton'.
My next bucket list item is happening soon - - hiking through Yellowstone National Park.


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PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) management plans in Regions 2, 6, and 12.The Integrated Persistent Organic Pollutants (IPOPs) Management Project conducted an orientation workshop on the development, registration, and submission through online facility of
The workshop was aimed at assisting the PCB owners to comply with the DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 2004-01 (Chemical Control Order (CCO) for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)), MC 2015-004 (Clarifications to the CCO for PCBs) and MC 2015-007 (Technical Guidance Document on PCBs Management). This has resulted to an increase in the number of PCB management plans submitted, of which 437 have been approved so far. #


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Raw and Roxy was on my bucket-list for a while now and I just never got around to going! All items on the menu are made from
cacao nibs
September 19, 2017
BulletProof CoffeeHealth and Wellness Product review
Claims made about bulletproof coffee on the website: "The recipe for Bulletproof Coffee is carefully designed to help promote brain function, end hunger, turn off cravings, and
August 25, 2017
Oreo Ice-Cream CookiesHealth and Wellness Minimalist Series Recipes
Raw Oreo Icecream Cookies(VEGAN+GLUTENFREE) When one has minimal food groups to choose from and cravings like the average human, one must not accept defeat! What could I
July 24, 2017
Hot Peanut ChocolateHealth and Wellness Minimalist Series Recipes
Hot Peanut Chocolate Its winter now and our kettle has been misused and abused! To say the least. You can only have so much tea and hot


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52 Ranelagh
Dublin 6
Phone: 01 498 1805
In Ranelagh stands perhaps our finest temple to carnivorous pursuits, an establishment where beef is chosen with meticulous care and venerated as the best of it should be. The Butcher Grill may be in the suburbs but it's much more than a neighbourhood restaurant.
In Ireland, we produce some of the best beef and lamb in the world. It's the mild, moist climate and the riches of our grass that does it and the only wonder is why such achievements are not properly showcased. The problem is that most of the temples to carnivorous feasting that we have are aimed at the kind of people who could be eating cardboard provided the bill is suitably big and wine is plentiful.
And that's the difference with The Butcher Grill. Yes, it's a temple to meat eating, but it's also a temple of gastronomy. The meat is chosen with the utmost care and appropriately aged. There's no point in buying grass-fed beef if it has not been hung long enough to realise the full potential of its inherent flavour.
Not content with that, The Butcher Grill gives you a vast choice of cuts of beef – it's the only Irish restaurant in which I have seen the decadent chateaubriand flaunting itself (at a price, of course) and a choice of origins. You can have a steak from the United States (and homesick Americans often repair here), a huge range from one of Ireland's premium beef suppliers, John Stone, and even from Uruguay, the land of the gauchos.
And no, I don't think there's a vegetarian option. I may be wrong but I mean why would anyone who doesn't eat meat enter a place called The Butcher Grill?
Not that it's all meat, of course. There are scallops (with suckling pork belly, to take the harm out of them) and oysters and bouillabaisse, the yin to the yan of steak, including what seems to be the most popular cut, the Cote de Boeuf for two (which can be had on Mondays and Tuesdays for a bargain price).
Amongst the sides, mashed potato with bone marrow butter has a kind of siren call to it that, just contemplating the words, acts as a stupendously effective aperitif.
The Butcher Grill is very focused, as all of John Farrell's restaurants are. He has an exceptionally clear sense of mission for each. There's a cosiness to this Ranelagh restaurant that, combined with the glorious aromas wafting from the grill in the open kitchen, the tiled walls and the murmur of happy diners that makes it irresistible to those of us who not just love meat but understand how it should be cooked and served.
Brunch here is the stuff of legend, even beyond the generous confines of Dublin 6 and children (over seven) are welcome during those hours (noon to 3.30pm) while they "will be grilled after 6pm"!


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australia ginger bathrooms
Australian Ginger Industry Association - Australian ginger growers news, recipes and industry news from the Sunshine Coast & Queensland. Distinctive design that could only be GINGER. Hotelier Basket - Polished Nickel. Kubic - Matte Black. Dyad Collection. About Ginger · Site Map · Contact · Legal . Ginger's is a modern bathroom and kitchen furniture store in Toronto. Shop unique and stylish bathroom and kitchen accessories in our expansive showroom. Shop for Fresh Sake Bath with Ginger Root Extract 400ml deals in Australia. FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases ✓ Lowest Price Guaranteed at Bath Accessories. Sort By. Position . Black Orchid and Ginger Candle · White . 2019 PROVINCIAL HOME LIVING AUSTRALIA ABN 17 973 410 706. Created . . Bath products here. All products are Made in Japan and sold in Australia by Nippon Effect. . Products for your bathroom that include Japanese Bath Salts and Body Towels. All items are on hand in . ONPO Bubbly Ginger. Now: 1.00. Find the Bathroom Basics products you're looking for from trusted brands in Priceline's online . Ethique Lime & Ginger Body Polish 100 g On Promotion. Explore our range of soap-free body washes at The Body Shop. Treat yourself with our best shower gels and shower creams, enriched with natural ingredients. 100% vegetarian beauty products. Cruelty free and against animal testing. Discover nature-inspired skincare, body care and gifts at The Body Shop.


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Holiday cottage located on a forest plot at dunes and a child-friendly beach. There is a whirlpool, sauna, dish washer and washing machine. Kitchen and bathroom from 2010. There is fibre-optic broadband. The large, covered terrace is perfect for barbecues on warm summer evenings or just for relaxing in the sunshine. There are various toys for the children. Approx. 2 km from the house you will find the small fishing village Sømarkshuse with smokehouse, miniature golf and bike rent.
Surface habitable : 56 m²
Wir fanden die ruhige Lage des Hauses sehr angenehm, außerdem war die Ausstattung dieses kleinen Hau


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The 2010 Olympics are in full effect and I can't help but notice some of the design that has made it happen. Identity for the Olympics is a huge priority with the selection committee. I was with an agency that helped pitch the 2016 Summer Olympics in NYC. A mountain load of time went into those identity options that will never see the light of day. After seeing the 2010 Vancouver Olympic emblem for a couple of days now, I did some digging to learn more about it.
I found this write up here:
"For centuries, the Inuit people of Canada's Arctic stacked rock in human form to create the inukshuk, a steadfast guidepost that provided direction across the vast horizons of the North. Over time, the inukshuk has become a symbol of hope and friendship, an eternal expression of the hospitality of a nation that warmly welcomes the people of the world with open arms every day.
The Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games emblem is a contemporary interpretation of the inukshuk. It is called Ilanaaq which is the Inuktitut word for friend. This is the symbol of Canada's Games – our friend who will help us greet the world in 2010.
The emblem was chosen by an international judging panel from more than 1,600 entries from every region of Canada submitted through the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Emblem Design Competition. Rivera Group of Vancouver submitted the design, created by a team that included company principal and creative director, Elena Rivera MacGregor and designer, Gonzalo Alatorre."
Some more graphics found on the Vancouver 2010 site.


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Podcast #1 - Jason Rosenblum/
We're kicking off our podcast series with an interview with Jason Rosenblum, Director of Emerging and Mobile Products at Dow Jones. Jason started off his career as a developer working with the likes of CNet, Conde Nast, and Time Inc. before moving into product management roles with Dun and Bradsreet, Barnes & Noble, and most recently with Dow Jones, which owns the Wall Street Journal, Barrons, and MarketWatch.
The podcast covers a lot of ground including Jason's journey from developer to a product director, via. way of an MBA at NYU Stern, product successes and priorities at Dow Jones, the evolution of the media space, and the evolution of computing from personal computing to ubiquitous computing.


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Neelgiri Wood Crafts, a Yamuna Nagar, Haryana base company, is dedicated to serve its valued customers with a wide plethora of Flush Doors, Plywood and other products. Being a customer oriented company, it value the opinions and requirements of its precious customers. Also, the company believes in making various researches and innovations in this field in order to deliver reliable and cost-effective solutions. The company believes in satisfying the needs and requirements of its valued clients by delivering them their consignments within the stipulated time and at their specified destination. For this, it has developed a wide network of distributors across the nation. This makes easy for the company to build a strong client base for itself in the market.Products OfferedNeelgiri Wood Crafts is a prominent company dealing in variety of commendable quality array including:
These products offer various features such as:
Key Facts:
Nature Of Business
Manufacturer and Supplier
Year of Establishment
Production Capacity
4500 sheets per day
Standard Certification
ISO 9001-2000, IS:303, IS: 1659, IS:2202 Part (1),s IS: 4990 and
Number Of Employees


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Mass extinctions and their possible causes
During a mass-extinction a significant part of all life forms on Earth will become extinct over a relative short period of time. The mass-extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period which caused the dinosaurs to go extinct is probably the best known mass-extinction amongst the general public. There were however more periods were similar events took place. One example is the end of the Permian period mass-extinction, an estimated 95% off all marine life went extinct (Raup 1979).
There are several theories that can explain mass-extinction events. First off all the most 'popular' cause of mass-extinction has to be a large meteorite impacting the earth's surface. Second a global increase in volcanic activity could also have led to mass extinction. A third possibility is rapid changing of sea levels. Below we will discuss the different possibilities what caused some of the best known mass extinction in Earth's history.
- The late Ordovician mass extinction.
- The Permian – Triassic boundary.
- The Cretaceous - Paleocene boundary.
- The Eocene – Oligocene boundary.
The Late Ordovicium Extinction
Changes in sea levels have almost for certain played a big role in late Ordovician extinctions and also at the P/T boundary. Changes in sea levels could have caused changes in salt- and oxygen-levels in parts of our Earth's oceans. Oceans contains a big number of habitats and ecological niches. When sea levels changed and habitats were disturbed, many species could go extinct when they didn't adapt fast enough. Sea levels have a significant correlation with the rate of glaciation, how much water migrates to and from glaciers and the icecaps.
One way or the other climate change probably has played a significant role in all mass extinctions, even if that change is caused by another event (e.g. meteorite impact). The most important form of climate change leading to mass extinction is probably glaciation. Climate change triggers extinction when it leads to altering or disappearing of so called 'ecological niches'. The organisms affected by this have to migrate to a suitable area or adapt, when they fail to do so, they will go extinct. Another example of climate change is increased amount of rain, this is thought of to be the cause of the mass extinction at the end of the Triassic period.
The Permian - Triassic Boundary
During the Carboniferous and Permian periods organisms like crinoids, ammonites, corals and fish were thriving. But at the end of the Permian period the largest mass extinction event in the history of the Earth took place, whipping out a big portion of life on Earth. Many causes are appointed to the P/T boundary mass extinction, meteorite impact, see level changes, anoxic conditions and increased volcanic activity. Teichert 1990 even implicates that there wasn't any abrubt dying/extinction of species at the P/T boundary but it gradually took place over a period of 6-10 million years. More recent studies however show that actually was a abrupt mass extinction event. At the end of the Permian period there was a marine regression. This fact also makes the study of the P/T boundary more difficult, because there aren't that many continuous sections that cross the P/T boundary.
Plankton and Nekton show an abrupt decrease in populations at the P/T boundary (Valentine, 1986; Li etal., 1991). Estimates are that at least 95% of all marine species and almost three quarters of all vertebrate families went extinct (Raup, 1979). On land, large groups of insects went extinct, 99% of alle reptile genera and more than 95% of the plant life. At the P/T boundary clearly there is evidence of a global environmental disturbance after which stress-tolerant species flourish (Rampino et al, 1996).
The organic calcium levels decrease in many sections at the boundary. Also large shifts in ratios of Carbon, Oxygen, Sulfur and Strontium isotopes are shown at the P/T boundary (Xu et al., 1989; Magaritz et al., 1988; Holser et al., 1991). The negative carbon-isotope shifts at first were described as gradual shifts (Erwin, 1993; Magaritz et al., 1988; Holser et al., 1991). But studies of the GK-I core from the Alps, show it to be a sudden/abrupt shift (Rampino et al., 1996). A negative shift of oxygen-18 isotope indicates a significant rise in temperature.
In the same GK-I core a 5-7 times increased level of Iridium was found at the boundary. At different globally spread locations one also discovered elevated levels of Iridium similar to the levels discovered in the GK-I core. In China certain sections show micro-tectites (Xu et al., 1989). All this information is coherent with a meteorite impact at the P/T boundary. On the other hand layers of clay at the boundary in China show a much more volcanic character (Zhou & Kyte., 1989). The Araguainha impact crater, found in Brazil (Engelhardt et al., 1992) has the correct timing but is too small to cause the P/T mass extinction by itself.
In Siberia at the time of the P/T boundary large amounts of 'flood basalts' were formed and also in South China spread over a large region there was increased volcanic activity. Repeatedly the connection between global volcanic activity and the P/T mass extinction is suggested. This could be caused by rapid cooling as a consequence of sulfuric-aerosols or a greenhouse effect due to increased Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Research on samples from Spitsbergen, Slovenia and Italia prove that the oceans showed anoxic conditions at the end of the Permian Period, as well on high as on low (paleo) latitudes (Wignall & Twitchett., 1996). These conditions applied to the shelf all the way up to undeep water above the 'storm wave base'. These anoxic conditions perhaps played a role in the P/T mass extinction.
According Erwin, 1996, it is likely that more than one factor together have led to the P/T extinction. The mechanism behind the big extinction has to meet a number of conditions. First of all it has to be consistent with available geological, geo-chemical and climate data. Second, it had to take place at the correct moment. Third, the event had to influence the marine life as well as terrestrial life. Last but not least, the event had to be of a certain scale, making it plausible to have caused the mass extinction.
Meeting those conditions make it plausible that multiple factors played a significant role in the P/T mass extinction. There is proof for a meteorite impact, but not enough to justify that it was 'the cause'. Possibly it was the combination of oceanic regression at the end of the Permian period and increased volcanic activity leading to a greenhouse effect, add up a big meteorite impact. This should have caused such a big impact on the environment that the oceans could become largely anoxic and caused the extinction of many organisms. To come to an ultimate conclusion on this matter, much more research is needed.
Since they have found Iridium in clay-layers, proving that there was a large meteorite impact at the K-Pg boundary (Alvarez et al., 1980; Smit & Hertogen, 1980) , more and more evidence for a large meteorite impact has been discovered. One discovery is the global existence of the 'boundary clay'. Also the presence of 'shocked' minerals and micro-tektites at the boundary can only be explained by a meteorite impact. The most convincing evidence would be a large impact crater, indeed just that was found at Yucatan, Mexico (Chicxulub crater) after years of research. The impact causing such a crater could have caused the K-Pg mass extinction.
Calculations show that the Chicxulub meteorite had to have a diameter of 10km to cause the crater with a diameter of 150km. This impact is comparable with a huge nuclear explosion. Effects must have been catastrophic. First a shockwave travelled across the Earth's surface. The intense heat and storms radiating from the impact must have caused large fires on a huge scale (Wolbach et al., 1986). A cloud of water vapour and dust coming from those fires led to month's dark conditions and acid rain falling to earth (Vellekoop et al., 2014). These dark conditions made photosynthesis close to impossible. From isotope research it appears the oceans showed a 8°C temperature increase directly after the 'boundary'. This indicates a global warming / greenhouse effect due to increased carbon dioxide levels derived from the fires. Studies of foraminifera (Carbon isotope studies) show that photosynthesis in the photic zone was close to zero just above the K-Pg boundary. The effect on life on Earth was devastating, mostly impacting larger organisms which depended on vegetation as their main food source.
Another possible cause for mass extinctions is increased vulcanic activity. E.g. the Deccan traps in India are also suggested to be the cause of the K-Pg mass extinction, however other researchers say that those were formed 1Ma before the K-Pg mass extinction. Increased volcanic activity can catapult a large amount of gas and dust into the Earth's atmosphere, which in term has a devastating effect on animal and plant life. One option is rapid cooling of the temperature on earth as a consequence of the dust blocking the sunlight, or the opposite might happen as well, global warming through elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Studies were performed to look for evidence of meteorite impacts as cause for other large mass extinctions like the P/T and Eocene / Oligocene mass extinctions. For the E/O mass extinction evidence is found indicating another large meteorite impact. Still there is a lot of discussion as to what caused the K-Pg mass extinction, but most scientists agree on a large meteorite impact as the most plausible cause for this event. The role of meteorite impacts in a mass extinction will probably always be subject of discussion as there is also proof of large impacts which not have triggered a mass extinction.
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southern Alps is gradual: Nature, v. 331, p.337-339.
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Hypothesis. Geological Society of America, special paper 307. 1996.
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three Chinese sections: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 90, p.411-421.
Author: Herman Zevenberg
Translated by: Ivo Kesselaer
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