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Advances in Preventive Medicine
Volume 2017, Article ID 9708413, 8 pages
Is Dementia Screening of Apparently Healthy Individuals Justified?
1Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
2Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
3Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
4Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
5Primary Health Services Division, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
6Cambridge Institute of Public Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Correspondence should be addressed to Larry W. Chambers; ac.retsamcm@srebmahc
Received 24 January 2017; Revised 1 June 2017; Accepted 14 June 2017; Published 8 August 2017
Academic Editor: William C. Cho
Copyright © 2017 Larry W. Chambers et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Despite efforts to raise awareness and develop guidelines for care of individuals with dementia, reports of poor detection and inadequate management persist. This has led to a call for more identification of people with dementia, that is, screening individuals who may or may not complain of symptoms of dementia in both acute settings and primary care. The following should be considered before recommending screening for dementia among individuals in the general population. Dementia Tests. Low prevalence reduces positive predictive value of tests and screening tests will miss people who have dementia and identify people who do not have dementia in substantial numbers. Clinical Issues. The clinical course of dementia has not yet been shown to be amenable to intervention. Misdiagnosis and overdiagnosis can have significant long-term effects including stigmatization, loss of employment, and autonomy. Economic Issues. Health systems do not have the capacity to respond to increased demand resulting from screening. In conclusion, at present attention to life-course risk reduction and support in the community for frail and cognitively impaired older adults is a better use of limited healthcare resources than introduction of unevaluated dementia screening programs.
1. Introduction
Dementia is a condition with multiple causes that affects memory, other cognitive abilities, and behaviour that interfere with a person's ability to drive, deal with their finances, manage their healthcare, and live independently [1]. Also, dementia has a significant impact not only on individuals but also on their careers, families, communities, and societies [2].
Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are the most common forms of dementia and other causes are dementia with Lewy bodies and a group of diseases that contribute to frontotemporal dementia [2]. In 2015, dementia affected 47 million people worldwide, that is estimated to increase to 75 million in 2030 and 132 million by 2050 [3]. Recent reviews estimate that globally nearly 9.9 million people develop dementia each year [3].
Though age is by far the strongest known risk for the onset of the common dementias, not all older adults develop dementia. Also, younger adults develop dementia (defined as the onset of symptoms before the age of 65 years) accounting for less than 9% of cases [2].
Risk reduction and maintenance of cognitive abilities is known to be associated with particular behaviours and environments, similar to other long-term diseases [4]. Dementia risk is lower for people who have been physically active, avoided overweight, had balanced diets, did not smoke, and had moderate use of alcohol as well as avoiding and managing specific conditions such as high blood pressure, stroke, and diabetes mellitus [4].
In our view, there is a profound disconnect between the assertions of some researchers and journals and the wider practitioner and other researcher clinician communities that healthy populations be screened for dementia to identify individuals with dementia early [5–8]. "Early" here includes screening in situations where neither the individual nor his/her caregiver have noticed any symptoms, or have judged, or recognised them, as needing clinical assessment. "Healthy" here refers to the WHO definition, "the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities" [9].
While the motivation for screening is well intentioned, four recent reports [10–13] by expert panels that systematically reviewed the dementia screening evidence recommend not screening individuals who are not themselves, or their families, seeking such attention (Recent Reviews on Dementia Screening). We think that the following case example can help illustrate different perspectives and assessment of the balance of potential benefit and harm.
Recent Reviews on Dementia Screening. See [10–13].
2. Case Presentation (Hypothetical)
The local Alzheimer Association requested advice from the local medical society to introduce an awareness raising campaign to screen for dementia. Practitioners often see individuals who once diagnosed have a clear view that their delay in accessing support and advice from services have caused harm and that this can be remedied by systematic screening. They feel that early detection and remediation could lead to improved quality of life for affected individuals and their caregivers. The Alzheimer Association states that their supports and other activities are available for any individuals with identified problems. They believe that making the test results known to caregivers and the Association will assist individuals when identified early. Many jurisdictions have begun such campaigns and are enthusiastic about them. Concerned caregivers in your community are encouraging the Alzheimer Association to follow suit. You are part of a committee asked by the medical society to prepare an answer. Your report will be due next week.
3. Use of Critical Appraisal to Assist in Deciding Whether or Not to Screen
Public resources are involved in this decision. Funding used for one activity is not then available for another. Deciding to screen or not should therefore be based on explicit criteria. A collection of previous experiences and the evolution of rules of evidence about screening [14] were fused into the three following areas: testing, clinical decisions, and economic considerations. These criteria can be used to determine, on the basis of current evidence, whether screening causes more harm than good in individuals who have not sought medical attention. The rest of this article will describe these and show how to use them when appropriate for a given population (Table 1).
4. Dementia Tests
4.1. How Feasible Is It to Accurately Identify Individuals with High Likelihood of Dementia via Screening?
Psychometric properties differ according to populations and settings (community, tertiary, secondary, and primary care). The test quality for dementia is influenced by many factors that include age, culture, occupation, education, environmental context, and health variables (medications, delirium, and depression).
A recent systematic review reported 22 short validated cognitive tests [15], so practitioners have to consider which to use and interpret the results, taking into account the setting and the individual patient's premorbid education, language and literacy skills and any current motor, and hearing and visual impairment. For example, two dementia screening tests used by primary care practitioners for apparently healthy individuals are the Mini Mental State Examination [16] and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [17]. However, as many as 1 in 8 healthy individuals screened for dementia and mild cognitive impairment are incorrectly classified using the MMSE. As many as 1 in 4 are screened incorrectly using the MoCA [12, 18, 19]. This level of "false positives" can cause harm from an emotional health and practical stand point. In some jurisdictions, a diagnosis for dementia may cause denial of health insurance and may affect an individual's right to drive (see also Section 6.2 below).
Tests for dementia are just the beginning of the process required to arrive at a diagnosis of dementia. Features and typical trajectories of dementia include an understanding of the differences between expected changes and ones that signal deficits related to disability. Test interpretation requires acknowledging the wide variability in changes in cognitive ability over time, in older adults. In addition, medication, including polypharmacy, and comorbid conditions must be taken into consideration. In usual older people the "normal ranges" of cognitive tests have not been tested in whole populations. Screening tests applied in clinics will not perform in the same way in different population settings (see Section 4.2. below).
The diagnosis of dementia must rule out treatable conditions that contribute to cognitive deficits and declines. These include sleep apnea, hypothyroidism, depression, polypharmacy, delirium, and declines in vision and hearing. If a primary care team screen targeted groups who, themselves or their families/community, have not sought help for any concerns and are aged 80 years and over the process will identify many other conditions: high blood pressure (41%), depression (32%), heart disease (27%), transient ischaemic attack (18%), and diabetes (13%) [20].
4.2. What Is the Estimated Prevalence of Dementia in the Population to Be Screened?
Positive predictive value (PPV) is the probability that a positive test result is correct in those who test positive. The prevalence of dementia in the population being screened has a dramatic impact on the PPV of a test, even if there is consistent sensitivity and specificity. As shown in Figure 1(a) (Table 2), in a locked unit in a long-term care home, where the prevalence of dementia is 80%, regardless of the accuracy of the test, the PPV is 97%. In a Memory Clinic where the prevalence of dementia is 30%, the PPV of the test is 77% (using the same test with equal sensitivity and specificity) (Figure 1(b)) (Table 2). Even in this setting people will receive the possibility that their positive screening is wrong. Prevalence of dementia is ~6% [21] in the general population or in a primary care clinic and this results in the PPV of the test dropping to 34% even with the sensitivity and specificity being held steady (Figure 1(c)) (Table 2). This means that between 6 and 7 people out of every 10 who tested positive will not then be diagnosed as demented.
Primary and community care settings involve screening thousands of individuals. Figure 1(c) demonstrates that 10% of individuals screened in these settings will be mislabeled. The number mislabeled would be 100,000 if a million individuals were screened in the general population or in a primary care clinic. However, "… the magnitude of these figures in even an opportunistic screening program result in problems not only at the primary care level but also on the specialist level to handle the volumes of people with a suspected cognitive impairment" [22].
Between 1997 and 2011, incentives in the UK lead to a dramatic increase in the number of referrals, but it led to no increase in the prevalence of dementia [23]. However, in 2014, the United Kingdom Department of Health introduced a £55 incentive for general practice physician offices to screen and diagnose dementia [24]. Memory Disorder Clinics reported having more individuals with functional memory problems and an increase in persons with depression following this policy. Testing of low B12 and folate levels consistently occurred. Mood testing only occurred in 26% of the population being screened for dementia despite knowledge that depression is a common and treatable risk factor for dementia [25]. In 2016, the monetary incentive for general practice physicians in the United Kingdom to screen and diagnose dementia was phased out.
An alternative argument to screening for dementia among apparently healthy older adults has been put forward to screen for general well-being [26]. Here the argument is that the evidence shows that older adults with higher well-being are able to adapt their psychological well-being to numerous impairments and diseases [27, 28]. The resilience and flexibility to adapt are the norm up to very old age, and only in the last period of life, severe disability, or frailty does well-being decline [29]. Using well-being assessment measures in primary care clinics could reveal those individuals who have room for improvement in well-being and they may be the best candidates for cognitive testing. However, "…if an older person or his family has realized a stable and well-adapted way of living, even in the case of cognitive decline, added value of treating for cognitive decline is highly questionable and is best delayed" [26]. In summary, current testing methods are inaccurate, so that not only are people misdiagnosed with dementia, but also true cases are missed.
5. Clinical Issues
5.1. Is the Clinical Course of Dementia Amenable to Intervention and If Yes at What Stage and Is There Adequate Evidence?
Most common dementias are attributed to a combination of Alzheimer's type and vascular pathologies [30, 31]. The average age of onset of dementia is in a person's early 80s [21]. Mild stages of dementia are being identified increasingly in clinical practice, with a drift toward predementia diagnosis at younger ages.
Screening should occur after any condition's biologic onset but before usual diagnosis and treatment to improve the course of consequences of having the condition. The prerequisite assumption is that screening for dementia among previously undiagnosed individuals leads to improvement in quality of life vis-à-vis unscreening individuals (Figure 2).
Although very important for decision-making about interventions, the stages of dementia (mild, moderate, and severe) lack clinical consensus and therefore the stage of dementia is not routinely reported by clinicians. The pathology accompanying dementia among older individuals is complex [32–36]. New research on biomarkers may or may not change this situation.
Screening of apparently healthy individuals is only justified if there is an effective treatment for specific conditions identified. Screening of populations or groups before symptoms develop is clearly not justified at present as there is no drug that arrests clinically diagnosed dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Clinical trials of cholinesterase inhibitors have not been shown to improve the symptoms of dementia with individuals who have mild cognitive impairments [10]. In addition, the substantial number of withdrawals from trials suggests intolerance to these drugs [37]. As many as 40% of individuals assessed as 'mild cognitive impairment no dementia' may remain the same in the following five years and many improve [38, 39].
5.2. What Are the Reasons and Value of an Individual Knowing a Diagnosis of Dementia?
Some argue that screening of apparently healthy individuals is a process that is independent of the evidence of effectiveness of screening but more a "right to know" about the condition. The "right to know" a diagnosis [40] assumes the existence of a precise definition of the condition. An understanding of the condition and the underlying reasons in its clinical course and the clinical course for the person, their age, and gender is also assumed. The assumption continues with the impact of contextual factors such as comorbidity, ethnicity, and education as well as, in the case of dementia, relationship to end of life. Prognostication is one aspect of a diagnosis, but even superficial consideration of the current evidence highlights the lack of a sufficient evidence base to inform such a justification for a diagnosis through screening of apparently healthy individuals [41]. More research is warranted before any further calls for dementia screening of populations.
Prognosis with the dementias and predementia states is already beset with uncertainty, even within a usual clinical setting. Rarely is an individual provided with the scale and range of uncertainty. Where prognosis is being imposed on a previously undiagnosed individual through opportunistic application of a screening test, it would seem important that they are informed of the degree of uncertainty about prognosis of testing positive. This parallels with breast cancer screening where public awareness of overdiagnosis and overtreatment is growing [42, 43].
Screening leads to some misdiagnosis and overdiagnosis for individuals including the harmful effects of diagnosis, implications of taking diagnostic processes further, and overtreatment. The consequences of dementia testing could include being inaccurately labelled, stigmatization, premature curtailment of employment, and loss of support for day-to-day functions, such as driving, remaining independent, and making financial and healthcare decisions [44, 45].
6. Economic Issues
6.1. Does the Healthcare System Have the Capacity to Respond to Increased Demand Resulting from Screening for Dementia?
Healthcare system challenges required to respond to increased prevalence are likely to be substantial. For example, primary care costs and specialist costs of diagnosing dementia far exceed costs of diagnosing other common chronic conditions for which diagnostic markers are available (e.g., hypertension). This is a small fraction of the lifetime costs of care incurred by an individual with dementia [46].
Dramatic increases in memory clinic referrals following increased screening of "apparently healthy" individuals creates challenges for health and social services [10–13]. Unimpaired and worried individuals may be kept under follow-up which uses up staff resources. This overburdening of existing systems violates one of the principles of screening. Opportunity costs can include fewer resources for those individuals diagnosed with dementia because of underresourced and poorly coordinated health and social care that involves multiple agencies and practitioners [47].
6.2. Will Screening Add Value to Individuals with Dementia, the Healthcare System, and Society?
Many members of the public believe that a treatment exists to reduce the existing symptoms and effectively slow its progression. A significant proportion believe that a reliable medical test to diagnose dementia is currently available [48]. The reality is that diagnosis is not always straightforward and there is no drug to stop most causes of dementia [49]. There is a degree of uncertainty that should be shared and understood that the process of diagnosis has a number of uncertainties. This uncertainty is increased because of the connection between cognitive ability, neurobiology, ageing, end of life, and clinical course for an individual. Informed consent is difficult to achieve with this kind of uncertainty.
Recent studies of populations are revealing new concerns about the value of screening to identify early dementia. If referred to a specialist, an individual is twice as likely to be institutionalized [50]. After the first year for people newly diagnosed with dementia, 65% will be transferred from institution to institution, usually acute care hospitals, at least once and 17% will have three or more healthcare practitioner transitions [51]. These transitions can increase the risk of medication errors, hospital readmissions, and deaths. When receiving antipsychotic or benzodiazepine medications or living in a rural area, the transitions increase. Older adults receiving newly started cholinesterase inhibitor drug therapy have more physicians providing care and have higher anticholinergic drug burden scores [52]. These studies raise questions about the importance of the psychosocial environment surrounding the person with dementia. This includes domains of social networks (number of caregivers involved in care decisions) or personality traits (self-care behaviour, being unaware of cognitive inability) that may influence both care referral and the clinical evolution. Overdiagnosis of dementia is harmful and can interfere with a good quality of life because of the altered self-perception and perception of others as well as stigmatization, early institutionalization, side effects of medications, and premature shutdown of regular life activities [42–45].
7. Case Conclusion
The medical society group that was advising the local Alzheimer Association about the proposed community wide awareness campaign on dementia screening examined the evidence about the links of "apparently healthy" individuals. It concluded that there were few interventions of rigorously demonstrated efficacy for the symptoms of dementia that would be detected among apparently healthy individuals, and there was no acceptable evidence that the early detection of most of the symptoms of dementia altered their prognoses. The required studies simply had not been done indicating the need for more research on the six questions outlined in this report.
The committee shared the caregivers and the Alzheimer Association concerns that a substantial burden of morbidity affecting individuals, their caregivers, and the whole community resulted from dementia.
The measurement properties of the available and feasible screening tests were largely unknown in primary care settings.
Moreover, it was judged that the oldest, old individuals who were at the greatest risk for dementia, would be most likely the group that might benefit from dementia screening. The committee questioned whether dementia screening of apparently healthy individuals was the best use of existing Alzheimer Association and other specialized services.
The committee's final recommendation was that the resources available for the community-wide awareness campaign on dementia screening should be used for research to generate evidence on dementia screening in the community.
Additional Points
Considerable investment has been made by many societies to raise awareness of dementia, including exhortations for screening by some. Four recent reports by expert panels that systematically reviewed the evidence about screening for dementia and recommend not screening individuals who are not themselves, or their families, seeking such attention. Current evidence on testing, clinical decisions, and economic considerations can be evaluated to estimate whether screening could cause more harm than good in individuals who have not presented for medical attention and may have no symptoms. Considerable resources are currently being used for dementia screening without an evidence base and should be redirected and restructured to generate evidence on dementia screening in the community and selected settings.
Views or opinions presented in this manuscript are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their organizations. This manuscript was based on presentations by Drs. Brayne and Chambers at the session entitled "Does Dementia Screening Lead to Over-Diagnosis or an Opportunity for Early Intervention?" during the Alzheimer Association International Conference, held in Copenhagen, in July, 2014.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Authors' Contributions
All three authors made substantial contributions to the conception, design, acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work. All three authors drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content. All three authors have given their final approval of this version to be published. All three authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
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- S. N. Sivananthan and K. M. McGrail, "Diagnosis and Disruption: Population-Level Analysis Identifying Points of Care at Which Transitions Are Highest for People with Dementia and Factors That Contribute to Them," Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 569–577, 2016. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. E. Reppas-Rindlisbacher, H. D. Fischer, K. Fung et al., "Anticholinergic Drug Burden in Persons with Dementia Taking a Cholinesterase Inhibitor: The Effect of Multiple Physicians," Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 492–500, 2016. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus


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MERMAID (Tom Aragon #3) by Margaret Millar (ebk)
MERMAID (Tom Aragon #3) by Margaret Millar (ebk)
Buy here in ePub or from preferred retailers:
BARNES & NOBLE | AMAZON | KOBO | iBOOKSTORE
Mexican-American lawyer turned P.I., Tom Aragon, investigates the disappearance of Cleo Jasper, a young woman who is as beautiful as she is simple-minded. Her doting brother will stop at nothing to find his defenseless sister, but Aragon realizes that he has once again found himself in over his head when Cleo's friend turns up dead amidst a sea of somewhat dubious suicide notes.
Tom Aragon receives a strange visit at his law office: a 22-year-old woman named Cleo Jasper, self-described as mentally retarded, comes in to ask him about her rights. The visit lasts fifteen minutes, then Cleo wanders off. Two days later, Tom Aragon is visited by a different Jasper: Cleo's older brother, Hilton, her legal guardian. Cleo has disappeared and Hilton Jasper wants to hire the lawyer to find her and bring her back. Has Cleo, a legal adult, taken stock of her "rights" and run away? Or did someone take advantage of the simple, suggestible young woman, and something more sinister is afoot?
In this carefully-drawn character study, master of suspense Margaret Millar reveals hard and poignant truths about mental illness, the exploitability of those affected, and the challenges for their families, loved ones, and caretakers.
Mystery Writers of America Grand Master
Winner of the Edgar Award for Best Novel
Los Angeles Times Woman of the Year
"One of the most original and vital voices in all of American crime fiction."
—Laura Lippman
"I long ago changed my writing name to Ross Macdonald for obvious reasons."
—Kenneth Millar (Ross Macdonald), in a letter to the Toronto Saturday Night newspaper
"Very Original."
—Agatha Christie
"Stunningly original."
—Val McDermid
"She has few peers, and no superior in the art of bamboozlement."
—Julian Symons
"Written with such complete realization of every character that the most bitter antagonist of mystery fiction may be forced to acknowledge it as a work of art."
—Anthony Boucher reviewing Beast in View for the New York Times
"Margaret Millar can build up the sensation of fear so strongly that at the end it literally hits you like a battering ram."
"Wonderfully ingenious."
—The New Yorker
"Brilliantly superlative… One of the most impressive additions to mystery literature—and the word "literature" is used in its fullest sense."
—San Francisco Chronicle
"In the whole of crime fiction's distinguished sisterhood, there is no one quite like Margaret Millar."
—The Guardian
"A superb writer."
—H.R.F. Keating
"She writes minor classics."
—Washington Post
"Mrs. Millar doesn't attract fans she creates addicts."
—Dilys Winn, namesake of the Dilys Award

subset: commoncrawl


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je naé taylor
A native of Washington, DC and graduate of Columbia College Theatre Directing Program, a theatre practitioner poet, teaching artist, yuf enthusiast culture emcee, and curator of black girl magic.
Using creativity as a platform to discover, she has produced work across continents since 2003. As a creative, JeNaé has piloted several curriculums for Black girls funded by The Atlantic Philanthropies 21st Century Community Learning and The Pritzker Foundation. Some of the places she has created new work are London International School of Performing Arts African School of Excellence, The Goodman Theatre The Art Institute of Chicago, and The South Side Community Art Center. She also is a founding member of BYP100 Healing & Safety Council. Her favorite roles are sister and daughter.
patience rowe
A creator, actress, vocalist, poet and writer from Washington, DC, with a passion for social justice, the spoken word and sound healing. She began writing and performing poetry as a high school sophomore. While studying Radio Production at Columbia College Chicago, Patience was given the opportunity to share her work alongside several activists and artists, such as Angela Davis, Nikki Giovanni, and other notable figures.
Patience is most recently recognized as the "Scat" of the Peace & Bodyroll Duo BOOMscat. The duo released their sophomore EP and first studio project, "No Life Jacket" in December of 2014. The project debuted at #18 on the iTunes R&B charts and is gaining momentum around the world. If she must be classified by genre Patience is an artist who creates collages for your listening pleasure.


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This was posted on my other blog, https://ironinmyblood.com, which deals with haemochromatosis, a condition of having an iron overload in the blood but it's relevant to give it a wider audience
That headline is just one of a lengthy list of euphemisms in the Sicktionary, an online source of ways to laugh at the limp and the lonely (http://sicktionary.usvsth3m.com/topic/erectile-dysfunction/).
It is a euphemism for erectile dysfunction, a sexual ailment that describes the male body's inability to maintain an erection during sexual activity. Hence, playing snooker with a rope, limp noodle, floppy jalopy, pink puncture, Mary Celeste, brewers' droop. Good, now we've got that out of the way, you can stop sniggering in the back, sit up and pay attention.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common ailment for males in the their late 40s or over 50. In Ireland, it is estimated more than 50% of the male population experience it.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction) For people like me, with haemochromatosis, an iron overload in my blood, it is a symptom.
Men might not mind sharing a joke about it but they don't want to…
View original post 338 more words


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I am a mostly cash-only practice.
I am credentialed for Beacon/Value Options and Magellan panels only. These panels are usually "carve outs" within other larger panels so it is best to check with your insurance coverage to see where the mental health benefits are carved out from.
For all other insurance plans you may be able to use Out of Network Benefits. I can provide the universal 1500 Claim Form with a diagnosis and dates of treatment. The submitted form is processed for reimbursement of whatever percentage your plan allows for "out of network providers", essentially changing your out of pocket payment to me into a copay.
You are free to pay with cash, local check or credit card at the time of our session. Session rates Increase 10% annually each January.
California Victim Compensation Program (CalVCP)
I do accept compensation from the California Victim Compensation Program, which can also cover medical and relocation costs. If you have witnessed or been the victim of a crime ask me how to use these benefits.
Marin County Department of Children & Family Services
I am an approved provider and bill the department directly for services required in case plans. I do not accept MediCal.
Online Scheduling and Cancellation Policy
For your convenience, I offer online scheduling where you can view my calendar in real-time for offices in Marin or Napa counties. This system requires a credit card to secure all appointments in the event of no-shows or cancelations falling short of the 48-hour cancelation policy. The reservation system will send you automatically generated email and/or text reminders up to 48 hours before your session. The number and email do not receive messages if you respond to cancel the session.
Sessions are not considered canceled unless you have received a response via text, email or via phone directly from me acknowledging the cancelation. Cancelations online may be made only in advance of 48 hours.
No-shows and late cancelations will be charged the current full session fee.
Download and fill out for first session new-client-intake-forms


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Lagos means many things to different people. I would like to show you the Lagos that I see everyday in pictures.
Friday, October 24, 2008
Third Mainland Bridge
The Third Mainland Bridge links Mainland Lagos to the Lagos Island. It was recently partly shutdown for about two months to allow for repair works on some creaky joints. It caused a lot of difficulty for commuters who work on opposite sides of the divide as people had to spend hours on end to get to work and return home every day.
It's the longest bridge in Africa, about 11.8km long. It's the longest of the three bridges that connect the Island to the Mainland.
Posted by Unknown at 12:09 PM
Labels: Lagos, Third Mainland Bridge
1 comment:
- Kris said...
At that length, it is a fair bit longer than any here in Australia too. Very impressive.
- October 26, 2008 at 8:10 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text: HerStoryArc + GirlHero Summer Prize Pack Giveaway!LoriMay 4, 2015Uncategorized3 Comments 0 I've made the announcement on Twitter but haven't fully made one on my blog yet - but HerStoryArc and I have officially partnered up! I'm extremely happy that we will be collaborating and showing support for each others blogs. HerStoryArc is a great blog - Please take the time to visit if you haven't already :) In honor of our partnership, we are hosting our very first giveaway together! We want to kick-start your summer with something fun to read, a game to play with friends, and a fantastic show to binge watch! One lucky winner will receive a killer prize-pack! Prize Pack Includes: Volume 1 of Lumberjanes Orphan Black Season 1 Dixit Board Game Enter For Your Chance To Win: Winner will be announced in one week so try to rank up as many entries as you can right now! a Rafflecopter giveaway Goodluck everyone ♥ & May the 4th be with you!


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Rachel Baines
Raised in New York City by parents who were professional stage actors, Rachel Baines was surrounded by art from her earliest memories. With a degree in Art History and Classics from NYU, Baines traveled through Argentina and Brazil after graduation. She was greatly moved by South American culture -- the intensive history and fierce nationalism both countries maintain. Their artwork married their religious beliefs with the evolution of their changing world -- creating unique, bold results. That balance inspired much of Baines' early work. A novice architect in her own right, Baines has become a student of many of the East Coast modern masters. She counts Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer as two of her favorite influences.
The artist writes, "Everyone associates modern architecture with California, but both of my parents were big architecture buffs. When you live in the city, you dream of getting away to pastoral, Upstate retreats. So we were always taking long drives, looking at architectural homes. These houses were filled with classic, modern art that inspired my eye and color palate. They were paintings that brought light, color and abstraction to linear spaces. And it was art that balanced bleak winter whites with vibrancy and warmth. I still look to recreate those moods in my work to this day. "


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Peach Palm Ceviche
SUPER PALM. We go loco for "pejibaye" or peach palm. It is a palm that grows color fruit, you can harvest boil and eat. Peach Palm is great for a food forest because it stacks functions. The timber from the palm is strong and resists termites. When you chop the palm, we can eat the heart of palm in salads. We are not producing peach palm yet, so we purchase it from the local market. We can blend it into creamy sauces, top salads with it, ferment it, make hummus, flour or make it into cervije.
Some of the best health benefits of peach palm include its ability to boost energy levels, protect vision, prevent the development of cancer, improve the health of your skin, optimize your digestive system, reduce blood pressure, strengthen the immune system, protect infant health, speed up growth and development, and aid in weight loss. For 7 nutritional facts..
Peach Palm Ceviche
Add peach palm, add other items if you have on hand like.. Mango, Pineapple, Tomato, Avocado, all cut into small cubes
Add Cilantro, finely chopped (if you have on hand)
Red onion (shallots), cut into small pieces
Sea Salt or Himalayan
Mix all the ingredients together
Add lime juice and some salt, to your taste
Let it sit and marinate for about 30 minutes and then serve!
Let plants be thy medicine.
Author: Jean Louise


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From our colleagues at Lower Cape TV:
BREWSTER, MA - The Brewster Whitecaps look back on a season that ranged from moments of great struggle to beating the top-ranked team in the league.
CapeCodToday.com welcomes thoughtful comments and the varied opinions of our readers. We are in no way obligated to post or allow comments that our moderators deem inappropriate. We reserve the right to delete comments we perceive as profane, vulgar, threatening, offensive, racially-biased, homophobic, slanderous, hateful or just plain rude. Commenters may not attack or insult other commenters, readers or writers. Commenters who persist in posting inappropriate comments will be banned from commenting on CapeCodToday.com.


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Our Guided Tours are a must do if you want to get out and give the sport a go, without the added pressure of perfecting your technique. Our tour locations vary depending on weather conditions but we usually paddle on either Windermere or Coniston Water. We will send specific details closer to the date. We will aim to paddle on quieter parts of the lake and hopefully spot some wildlife along the way! We start the trip with an introduction to the equipment before spending some time getting used to how it all works on the water. Once we are all comfortable we will set off on our journey to explore the Lake District Waterways. A typical trip would include a journey up the River Brathay (where otters have been spotted!). This is a peaceful and scenic part of the Lake where folks can tune out and relax. We can only get so far up before we might stop for a break and meander back down. If we have time we will venture further round the top of the Lake to explore some more. Sessions run with a maximum of 8 per group. All participants under the age of 18 must be accompanied by a parent whilst on the water. *Long John wetsuits included Experience Level: Novice Duration: 2 Hours
Make this adventure your own: Message Adventure Leader
We will journey from Waterhead at the Northern end of Windermere across the lake before venturing up the River Brathay. There is an opportunity for some wildlife spotting as heron, grebe and otter live in the area and occasionally deer can be spotted in the adjoining fields. If we get the opportunity, we will explore the North end of the lake also before heading back to the shore.
Relax and unwind whilst exploring the great outdoors
Strict - Cancel up to 31 days before your adventure to recieve a 75% refund
Cancelling less than 30 days before results in no refund.
Refund excludes processing fees. Alternate dates may be able to be agreed at no additional cost, but this is not guaranteed.
Ambleside LA22, UK


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A member of the Stonehill Theatre Company, Samantha Putko '16, has been chosen to receive a National Fellowship Award from the Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival.
As part of the award, Putko will receive an all-expenses paid trip to the Kennedy Center in Washington D.C. for the National Festival in April. There she will interview arts administrators from top national theater organizations and spend several days at the Kennedy Center studying theater, attending professional workshops, and meeting peers from other festival regions.
"This Kennedy Center Award represents the highest level of achievement in a student's field of study. It's a tribute to Samantha's talent and hard work and also speaks volumes about the quality of our own theatre program," said Joan Halpert, Faculty Instructor, Department of Visual and Performing Arts.


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Good Love – The second album from Daniel Duke
Here we go again
I'm back. It's been just over a year since the release of 'Brother' last April and we've been busy as ever touring and promoting that record. I can't thank you all enough for your help and support in launching my debut album – the response has blown me away.
We've had a whirlwind year that included a full band tour, playing shows all over the world and, I even signed a publishing deal that should hopefully see my songs appearing in some your favourite TV shows and movies soon.
Without the continued support of fans like you, none of this would be possible.
The Music
James and I have been hard at work, writing a new collection of songs that we'd love to share with you, and, once again, we'd love your help to make them a reality.
I'm so excited about the new music and I can't wait for you all to hear it. It's a slightly more mature sound than first time around and I really think it's my best work yet (that's a slightly biased opinion I know).
This album is called 'Good Love' because it's essentially a collection of Love Songs. Songs about true love, lost love, new love and even the love of the road – some traditional and some not so traditional love songs. And I think you're going to love it.
Much like last year this Kickstarter campaign is an opportunity to preorder the album, support an independent artist and pick up some exclusive rewards at the same time!
The Rewards
Once again we've put together some really cool rewards as part of the Pre-order campaign. Here's a what you can get your hands on:
- A signed copy of the new album
- A signed copy of 'Good Love' and of 'Brother'
- A 'Kiss Me In The Dark' typographic T-shirt, inspired by the track of the same name
- A ticket to our 'Album Preview' show this August (a chance to hear the songs live, in their entirety before anyone else)
- A live show in your living room or any room in your house for that matter
The Process
We've got a number of the tracks recorded already and we're hard at work in the studio at North South, recording the rest. I'll do my best to share some tracks and snippets with you as well as reveal more info about the songs and track listing as the campaign goes on.
Once again I've got a wonderful and talented team behind me and I'm really excited about the new record.
If we don't hit the £2000 goal I won't receive any of the money so any donation, big or small, could help me get the next record off the ground.
I'll be posting regular updates to let you know what's happening and how we're getting on with producing the album.
Once you've become a backer, you can keep an eye on things in the 'updates' section and get in touch via this page.
Why use Kickstarter?
I know some of you might be wondering why we're running a second Kickstarter campaign, as opposed to just releasing the records and selling them straight to you.
The simple answer is that this model just works. Kickstarter allows me to gauge interest in the music, it allows you, the listener to preorder and support music you love, and get cool, exclusive rewards at the same time, and – all importantly – it gives me the capital upfront to make something amazing. I can budget accordingly and create the best possible product, safe in the knowledge that the CDs are already sold. In short, it's a dream business model for an independent musician and I'm just so grateful that so many of you have gotten behind the concept!
What if you make more than your target?
Just like last time, we'll be touring and self-promoting the album after it's release but this time around, we're planning to spend some of the extra money on PR. With the first record, I was hesitant about paying for press and publicity because I don't want to encourage a music industry trend of third parties taking money for review spots, radio plugs and write-ups.
Sadly, though, it seems PR is a necessary evil and a concerted effort to promote the record will likely lead to bigger and better things, as well as exposure to a new audience and that's never a bad thing.
The fine print
If you order a t-shirt, we'll get in touch with you once the Kickstarter campaign is over to find out sizing info etc!
All physical rewards should ship by late September.
If you back me for a house show, we'll get in touch and organise a time that suits you.
If you have any questions at all, about the rewards, the album or the process you can get in touch via Kickstarter or at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Special Thanks
Thanks again to everyone who has been a part of this journey so far. To Hannah, James, Freddie, Danny, Ross, Jon and to my family, you're my inspiration and my driving force and the best support anyone could have.
To anyone who's bought a ticket to a show, picked up an album, listened online or just told me how much they connected with a song or video, I'm so grateful. All this work is for you!
Risks and challenges
Obviously with any creative process there is a certain amount of risk involved. We're still recording the tracks for the record but we've got a deadline and we've allotted a sensible amount of time to get it done.
Luckily, we've done this all before so we know what we're doing and what pitfalls to avoid!
Because I'll be using third parties for the CD duplication and t-shirt printing, it's hard to guarantee there will be no hold ups during production. I have, however, already received quotes for these and they should be completed within the timeframe.
If any challenges or delays do arise, I'll be sure to keep you updated on this page and via email, so you know exactly when your rewards will arrive.Learn about accountability on Kickstarter
Funding period
- (30 days)


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Research group
Research group
Research group
Our group investigates brain systems that are involved in the transformation of experience into enduring memories. Classically, human learning and memory was mainly divided into explicit (with awareness) and implicit (without awareness) memory, but this behavioural characterization cannot simply be mapped to distinct brain areas. For example, we have shown that implicit learning can recruit structures of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) system, which was previously regarded as exclusive to explicit memory. We are using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and time-frequency based EEG analysis techniques to examine the systems that contribute to the different aspects of learning and memory. Combined fMRI- EEG experiments are used to describe locations and network dynamics involved in learning and memory. We further incorporate EEG- based Neurofeedback to modulate ongoing activity and examine the consequences for stimulus processing and memory formation.
Philipp has joined the group at the start of 2013. He's been investigating the relationship between ongoing neuronal activity and the variability of perceptual classifications (e.g. pain) using BCI-based neurofeedback. Currently, he is focusing on the crossmodal transfer of information in implicit learning, also employing BCI-based methods in EEG and EEG-fMRI. Further interests of his include the limitations of perception, psychophysics and machine learning.
Julia is a doctoral student who joined the group in April 2016. In her PhD project, she investigates how crossmodal predictions can be achieved implicitly and the underlying transition from implicit to verbally reportable (explicit) knowledge. Based on fMRI and EEG measurements, she investigates the neurological mechanisms associated with implicit learning of crossmodal predictions in order to detect the underlying different indicators of crossmodal integration and prediction of implicit knowledge. Furthermore, she is interested in brain-computer-interfaces, the study of consciousness and affective neuroscience.
Signe is a doctoral student who joined the group in April 2014. In her PhD project, she investigates the functional role of pre-stimulus brain activity in memory formation. She examines the nature of oscillatory states that seem to be beneficial for the encoding of new information, how such states can be modulated and whether these modulations can be used to influence encoding success. Methodologically, she is interested in EEG time-frequency analyses, brain-computer-interfaces and combined EEG-fMRI measurements.


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Praise is a source of light we all have the power to give. There are just a few things to keep in mind when giving it:
This doesn't only apply to our children and our employees. It applies to everyone around us. Friends, family, co-workers, servers, even spouses. Why? The simple answer is that we all need it. One negative comment carries the same weight as that of Five positive comments. And negativity has a way of spreading, fast. I think we can all agree, that's something we don't need! So, helping others actually helps us too.
Here's the Challenge: In every conversation you have today, no matter the person or the subject matter, pretend they are asking you one overriding question: "Do you approve of me?" When they walk away, ask yourself if you answered it.


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You know Shaquille O'Neal is a four-time NBA champion and a surefire future Hall of Famer, but you may not have known that the big man is also a self-professed "tech geek."
O'Neal admitted as much in an interview with the Wall Street Journal this week at the South By Southwest Festival in Austin, Texas. Shaq also opened up about his love for new technology, claiming that he spends $1,000 a week on phone apps and recently binged on some deer-hunting games for his phone.
O'Neal also revealed his Twitter strategy and why he's been so successful on the micro-blogging platform. After all, you don't get to be the first verified account and rack up more than eight million followers without a plan. O'Neal says 60 percent of his tweets are humorous, 30 percent are inspiring and the rest are meant to be promotional. That said, it's unclear where one of his more recent tweets fits into the balance:
— SHAQ (@SHAQ) March 10, 2014
You can watch Shaq's full interview below:


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Loading some great jobs for you...
Job Description:
Job Title: Tech Lead - Azure
Location: Woodcliff Lake, NJ
Job Type: Contract
Duration: On-going (multi-year)
Mode of Interview: Phone/Skype or F2F if local
Contact Info: Stuart Schwartz - [Click Here to Email Your Resum] - 201-###-####
All offers of employment at TechLink, Inc. are contingent upon clear results of a thorough background check.
Background checks will be conducted on all final candidates.
Background checks will include: Social Security Verification, Prior Employment Verification, Professional References, Educational Verification, Criminal History, Motor Vehicle Records and e-verify.
Launch your career - Upload your resume now!Upload your resume
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Arboretum The Art of Trees; the Arborealists and other Artists. An overview by Michael Toseland.
It is interesting how something of such colour, such vibrancy and variation leads us to nine times out of ten favour the monochromatic.
This is highlighted in the beautifully delicate drawings of Celia de Serra. Up rooted trees are avast with texture so much so that any colour would detract from the sheer beauty of it.
This is a show of details and the finite and this is where we find the sublime beauty of nature, in its complexity it offers more that we can see at a glance. Layer upon layer not to speak of the microbial that offer even more astounding complexity.
This is a narration of trees but more our relationship with them, the strange things we see in their form, our fear of the dark forest of unknowable monsters to our saviour on a rainy day when we forget our umbrella.
The complete subjectivity, elegance and sublime nature of these wonderous natural works of art.
February 2015. Excerpt.
Bristol celebrates the art of the tree. Saturday Telegraph by Florence Waters.
To kick off Bristol's year as the European Green Capital the city's oldest gallery, the RWA, has been transformed into a colourful arboretum for an exhibition by a newly formed group of artists. Rows of trees in works by a group of 30 British painters, printmakers and sculptors line the bright Victorian rooms at the Royal West of England Academy.
Despite stylistic differences, they, like most British landscapists from John Constable to David Hockney, love trees and return to the subject again and again. Thus they've given themselves the tongue-in-cheek name the Arborealists.
Some artists have sought a similar effect at Arboretum. There are vibrant plein air works filled with life and optimism, such as Greenish Deep, in which Fiona McIntyre's gnarled willows break through the picture frame and bounce off reflecting water. But since the show follows the recent alarm over the spread of ash dieback and other tree diseases, Arboretum is, overall, a melancholy contemplation of the state of man's current relationship with trees.
A pencil drawing by Celia de Serra of a felled oak, slumped like a great beast on a woodland carpet, strikes an even more melancholy chord, poignantly titled Domino.
January 2015 Excerpt.
What to Buy. The Week.
"David Hockney may be the painter everybody's talking about, but he's just one of many artists in Britain engaged in rejuvenating landscape painting. Celia de Serra is another. 'Beaten Track', her painting of woods encroaching on an Iron Age fort in Shropshire, is a case in point. It may not be revolutionary in it's subject matter, but the angle at which it's tilted - reminiscent of a snapshot from a hand held camera - gives it a distinctly modern feel. There are no human beings in sight, but we do see some human footprints, leading the viewer round a corner at what feels like speed. The action of sunlight on the trees makes them seem to vibrate, and the path writhes - all adding to the sense of propulsion and a slight feeling of unease. "The woods are lovely, dark and deep," wrote Robert Frost: few tell of their mystery better than de Serra."
March 2012


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When you are seriously injured in a motor vehicle, work place, or other type of accident, you need someone who understands how that impacts your health, your life, and your family. Pain and suffering, loss of income, stress, and injury complications are just a few of the repercussions of serious accidents.
You need an experienced attorney to help you navigate the insurance and medical systems. You can be confident that the attorneys at Woodward Law Firm, PLLC are ready to put their experience to work for you. We handle:
- Motor Vehicle Accidents
- Work Place Injuries
- Injuries caused by negligence or lack of reasonable care of another


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Inhofe issues statement against U.S. military action in Syria
OKLAHOMA CITY- An Oklahoma senator says he is opposed to U.S. military action in Syria.
Sen. Jim Inhofe issued a statement calling on President Obama to present a detailed plan of action to Congress.
It stated, "What we are seeing in Syria is abominable as thousands upon thousands of innocent children and families are being murdered while millions more are being driven from their homes. Today, I told the administration that I cannot support military action in Syria unless the president presents to Congress his broader strategy in the region that addresses our national security interests and the budget to support it."
President Obama has said he has not made a decision yet about a strike on Syria but says he is evaluating his options.
The president says the U.S. has concluded the Syrian government carried out chemical weapons attacks and there must be consequences.
U.N inspectors were back at work Wednesday looking for chemical weapons in the country.


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Next summer sees the release of the follow-up to the world's tenth highest grossing movie of all time; the final instalment of Christopher Nolan's Dark Knight trilogy. Nolan's favourite composer Hans Zimmer – who has worked on both of the director's previous Batman films in addition to the breathtaking Inception last year – is asking for volunteers to help to record a "worldwide chant" that will feature in the finished film.
"There is no such thing as out-of-tune, no timing we can't fix later. If you mumble, growl, scream or whisper, it's all good. Make it yours. If you only get halfway through, no problem! Do it alone, bring your friends, but do it with energy and commitment.
Let your voice be heard and be a part of our adventure!"
For more information, and to submit your own recording, click here.
The Dark Knight Rises is currently due for release in the UK on Friday July 20th 2012.
Watch the teaser trailer for The Dark Knight Rises below:


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Have a question? Be sure to view our FAQ page!
Thinking of Presenting at or Attending the URC?
View the URC Information Guide for answers to questions you may have about the URC and the URC 2019 Program to get a feel for the types of presentations that were delivered.
The submission/registration fee for the 2020 URC remains $50.00 for students, faculty/staff, and guests not affiliated with Butler University and $5.00 for Butler students, faculty, and staff who want to order a URC T-shirt.
Check this site often for conference updates and follow us on Twitter @TheButlerURC
Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions about the URC.
Future URC Dates
April 9, 2021
April 8, 2022
April 14, 2023
April 12, 2024
April 11, 2025


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Ever scrolled your feed and wondered just how they do? You know, how Insta-famous food bloggers create the most perfect looking, lush, indulgent smoothie bowls? We break it down for you.Read More
Vancouver celebrity Chef Juno Kim teaches us the tricks and tools to create plates of food that are almost too pretty to eat.Read More
Hi! I'm Pina from Coffee Campari Cannoli. Since my blog is a reflection of my life, it mostly contains classic Italian food and desserts, or recipes with an Italian twist on them. Over time, I've developed my own food photography style and get many questions about my photos. I'm going to share some of my tips and tricks with you!Read More


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Friendcycle: Navigating Grownup Friendships.
There comes a time when people who have been in your life for years simply no longer have a place. It's a passage of time. A growing older. A realization that what we once had in common has been replaced with an illusion that isn't worth it anymore to maintain. We change, we grow apart, … Continue reading


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It was the end of sixth century when paganism had engrossed the entire world and the disobedience of Allah Ta'āla had reached its limits. . Allah Ta'āla was displeased with mankind and he had stopped the chain of Prophethood. Perhaps he wanted to see the extent that mankind will go in following their animalistic desires. Therefore, after the ascension of Isā [Alaihis Salaam] to the heavens, Allah Ta'āla ceased the chain of prophethood for approximately 600 years; during which humanity faced its greatest downfall.
During these 600 years mankind had increased in great numbers and had become most despicable in the sight of Allah Ta'āla. Out of chastisement, Allah Ta'āla almost destroyed the entire race of man; as mentioned in a Hadith of Musnad Ahmad:
إن الله نظر إلى أهل الأرض فمقتهم عربهم وعجمهم إلا بقايا من أهل الكتاب
"Almighty Allah looked upon earth and he despised its inhabitants, irrespective they were Arabs or non-Arabs, except for the remaining people of the book"
All major religions of that time had failed to ameliorate their situation and they did not have any remedy to the menace of debauchery and irregularity. Religions had accommodated such distortions and amendments that it was difficult to return to their original shapes. Mostly, ludicrous traditions and baseless beliefs were considered as religious beliefs. In hierarchical societies the lower-class were subjected to terrible atrocities and oppression. Disobedience was the call of the day. It was not only just one specific society, city or country that was experiencing such a downfall but lawlessness and the disobedience of Almighty Allah had gripped the entire world. The world had plunged into such a deep abyss of darkness that there was no hope left for humanity.
However, some supernatural feats took place, which informed the world that the long-lasting era of atrocities and debauchery was about to end. Signs appeared which indicated that the downpour of Allah's blessings which was long awaited by the inhabitants of earth was about to begin. This blessing was the long-awaited desire of those orphans, widows, young girls who were buried by their own fathers and defenseless people who were deprived of their rights by the prevailing immoralities of that time. This blessing was our beloved Rasūl Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم . At last during the year 570 A.C, the time came when they did not have to wait for these peaceful moments any longer. It was the time when Hadhrat Aminā (RA) gave birth to a child who proved to be the rescuer of humanity from the anger of Allah Ta'la and also from their very own atrocities.
Hadhrat Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم was born during the month of Rabiul Awwal. The day of his birth is called the blessing of Rabi' (springs); according to Imām Shafi'i (RA), three Rabi (springs) gathered in this holy month. The name of the month was Rabi, the season was of Rabi and Hadhrat Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم himself was the blessing of Allah Almighty for mankind. It was a simple birth of Hadhrat Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم . His actual birth took place 40 years later at the cave of Hirā in the month of Ramadān when Hadhrat Jibraeel [Alaihis Salaam] brought the first message of Almighty Allah and turn Muhammad bin 'Abdullah into Muhammad Rasūlullah صلى الله عليه و سلم . As Muhammad bin 'Abdullah, he was known in Mecca only but when he was appointed as the messenger of Allah Ta'ala, his recognition spread throughout the universe. When he was born in the house of Sayyidah Aminā, he had no opponent; but when he took his spiritual birth besides a few followers and friends, everyone became his enemies. Take the example of Abu Lahab; he was the one who celebrated the birth of Muhammad bin Abdullah. But when Rasūlullah صلى الله عليه و سلم announced his prophethood, Abu Lahab became his die-hard enemy.
The lineage of our beloved Nabi صلى الله عليه و سلم starts from the eldest son of Ibrahim [Alaihis Salaam]. Allah Ta'la had granted Ibrahim [Alaihis Salaam] more credence in comparison to the previous Ambiyā (PBUT). He had achieved a higher status through his sacrifices and offerings than the other prophets (PBUT), due to which Allah Ta'āla has blessed him with the title and seal of Khalilullah (The friend of Allah), as mentioned in the Holy Qur'an.
He is Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم , the Son of Abdullah, the son of Abdul Mutallib, the son of Hāshim, the son of Abd Manāf, the son of Qusay Ibn Kilāb, the son of Murrah, the son of K'āb, the son of Lu'ayy, the son of Ghālib, the son of Fihr, the son of Mālik, the son of Nadr, the son of Kinānah the son of khudhaimah, the son of Mudrikah, the son of Ilyās, the son of Mudhir, the son of Nidhār, the son of Ma'd, the son of Adnān . The lineage of Adnān reaches Ismail bin Ibrahim [Alaihis Salaam].
The lineage of Nabi Muhammad صلى الله عليه و سلم until Adnān is more reliable than the lineage above Adnān until Ismail (as), as they are proven from authentic narrations. The lineage of Rasulullah صلى الله عليه و سلم is the noblest and purest; the Prophet صلى الله عليه و سلم himself spoke of his lineage: "Indeed Allah chose Kinānah from the children of Ismail, and chose Quraish from Kinānah, and chose Hāshim from Quraish and chose me from Hāshim."
In the year when he was born, Abrahah al-Ashram tried to demolish the Ka'bah with an army of elephants but Allah annihilated Abrahah and his entire army, as mentioned in the Glorious Quran, Surah al-Fīl (the elephant):
أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ رَبُّكَ بِأَصْحَابِ الْفِيلِ
"Don't you see how Allah dealt with the people of the elephant?'
The blessed Prophet i was born as an orphan, whose father Abdullah had passed away while his mother was two months pregnant, thus his grandfather Abdul Mutallib was charged over his affairs. No sooner had Rasulullah صلى الله عليه و سلم turned six years of age that his mother Aminā Bint Wahb passed away, at eight he lost his grandfather as well. Finally, his uncle Abu Talib took him in his custody and stood by his side throughout his life.
Thus, the Nabi of Allah صلى الله عليه و سلم grew up as an orphan without father, mother nor grandfather, but he was nurtured and protected by Allah. Never was he left alone, not even for a day.
أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآوَى . وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَى . وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَى
Did He(Allah Ta'ala) not find you as an orphan and then provided you with shelter, and found you wandering and guided you, and found you poor then provided for you.
From an early age, he was known for his wisdom and sound judgement, thus when the argument erupted about who will place the black stone in the corner of the Ka'bah after it was rebuilt due to severe flooding, and each tribe was about to go to war on who will have this honour, they finally agreed on the Prophet's صلى الله عليه و سلم decision saying:
"This is the trustworthy, we are pleased with his decision.' Thus he spread out his cloak, placed the black stone in the middle and asked each tribe to grab a corner of the cloth; he then personally placed the stone in its proper place.


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Eight years into practicing yoga (a surprise to realize that I have been practicing for that long) and I am re-learning the poses. This has been prompted by a shoulder injury that is now going on two years.
Although I have been in physical therapy for the past three months, last weekend was the first time I started to understand the bones, muscles and ligaments of my shoulders. This was learned in a yoga workshop I took with a local practitioner, Ada.
Now I am fascinated with anatomy. Previously, I honestly had no idea that there was anything beneath my skin, I was that unaware. This week I ordered an Anatomy of Yoga book from Amazon and am eager to learn how each pose impacts my infrastructure. As I practice each familiar pose I now find myself moving slower, more deliberately and using new muscles. The result is that I am re-inspired in my practice.


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In 2017, 42 young men overcome all hurdles and complete all requirements for Eagle Scout status, the highest rank in Scouting, surpassing 2016's total of 37. Together those 42 Eagle Scout hopefuls led service projects to benefit their communities totaling more than 5,700 hours, according to a news release from Advancement Chair Chuck Mahaleris.
The Eagle Scout Service Project is the opportunity for a Boy Scout, Varsity Scout or qualified Venturer in the Boy Scouts of America to demonstrate leadership of others while performing a significant and necessary project for the benefit of his community. This is the culmination of the Scout's leadership training, and it requires a tremendous effort on his part. The project must benefit an organization other than the Boy Scouts of America such as a school or church or local charity, and it cannot be performed for an individual or a business or be commercial in nature, according to the release.
Kennebec Valley District of Pine Tree Council, BSA delivers Scouting programs to towns and cities in Kennebec, Lincoln, Knox, Somerset and Franklin counties. "We have strong Troops in Kennebec Valley District," said Mahaleris in the release. "Those very active Troops are building tomorrow's leaders as evidenced by the large number of Eagles we are seeing come forward. These young men are not just earning awards. They are getting things done in their community to help other people."
Here are some examples from the 42 Eagles in 2017:
Aiden Pettengill, a member of Troop 479 in China, described his project according to the release. "My project was to create an outdoor reading area for the South China Public Library at their new location. It entailed reclaiming an overgrown wooded area, spreading gravel, having two benches made out of pallets, and creating two large flower beds. This will allow people to enjoy reading in the outdoors and have access to the library's public Wi-Fi during both open and closed hours. A walkway was also created which will connect the historic Jones House to the outdoor reading area."
Vassalboro Eagle Scout Stephen Csengery, of Troop 410, built benches, removed trash, rebuilt a trail and set up erosion control bars at the Seward Mills Stream Conservation Trail. His project consisted of 242 hours of service to the community, according to the release.
"My Eagle Scout Service Project was a habitat improvement project for Pomerlow Park in Madison," said Shay Cyrway of Troop 419 of Embden, according to the release. "I built and placed 12 blue bird houses along a nature tail in the park and five wood duck boxes in a bog that the nature trail passes." Shay plans to attend MIT and become an aeorospace engineer, according to the release.
Kevin Collins II, of Winslow, wants to become a game warden after serving in the U.S. Marine Corp. His project saw improvements to Pal Pond area in Fairfield including building new picnic tables, installing trash cans, and cleaning up the brush and shore, according to the release.
Ben Bernier, of Waterville Troop 436, took a different approach towards his project. "I raised funds to purchase six Dutch Elm-disease resistant Princeton Elms and we planted the aforementioned elms in Veterans Park in Waterville," Bernier said, according to the release.
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The Tour Take | Tour de France Stage 11
The Steps
1st – Geraint Thomas (Team Sky)
2nd – Tom Dumoulin (Team Sunweb) @ 0:20
3rd – Chris Froome (Team Sky) @ 0:20
The Parcours
A short, sharp 108km stage was on the menu for stage 11, with the peloton cresting four major climbs. The opening climb, the HC Montee de Bisanne, was 12.4km at 8.2%. A long descent led down to the HC Col du Pre, 12.6km at 7.7%. There was only a short descent before the peloton was climbing again, this time up the Cormet de Roselend, a category 2 climb averaging 6.5% for 5.7km.
A long pedalling descent led back down into the valley proper for the final climb to the Ski Village at La Rosiere. The climb to La Rosiere was long, at 17km. However, it wasn't overly steep, averaging only 5.8%. The steepest sections came in the middle, meaning those riders looking for huge time gaps needed to go early.
All in all, there was nearly 4000m of climbing in only 110km, making this another huge day.
The Jerseys
Yellow – Greg Van Avermaet (BMC Racing)
Polka Dot – Toms Skujins (Trek - Segafredo)
Green – Peter Sagan (Bora-Hansgrohe)
White – Pierre Latour (AG2R La Mondiale)
The GC Men
1st Overall- Geraint Thomas
2nd - Chris Froome @ 1:25
3rd - Tom Dumoulin @ 1:44
4th - Vincenzo NIbali @ 2:14
5th - Primoz Roglic @ 2:23
6th - Steven Kruiswijk @ 2:40
7th - Mikel Landa @ 2:56
8th - Romain Bardet @ 2:58
9th - Nairo Quintana @ 3:16
10th - Dan Martin @ 3:16
The Break
Another day in the mountains, another huge breakaway. This time the 25-strong group included Peter Sagan; the KOM Leader and winner of yesterday's stage, Julian Alaphilippe; BMCCCC Duo of Tejay Van Garderen and Damiano Caruso; Frenchman Warren Barguil (who was on a mission to lose more time); hardman Thomas De Gendt; Anthony Pauwels, who was the highest placed rider overall at 5:12 in 19th place; and others.
Alaphilippe took the KOM Points over the Montee de Bisanne, as a select few tried to get away, but the group reformed on the descent – Alaphilippe chose to keep it in first gear, rather than blow everyone away on the downhills like he did yesterday.
Warren Barguil had good support in the break, with Fortuneo-Samsic sending 5 riders into the break at the start of the day. Those men set a furious pace on the Col du Pre, with Warren Barguil making his intentions clear. Behind in the peloton, Movistar was doing the same, as Alejandro Valverde attacked halfway up the HC climb, with nearly 55km remaining in the stage.
By the top of the climb, the break had only 4:00 over Valverde, who had bridged to his teammate Soler. Soler had sat up from the breakaway to wait for his captain (well, one of them) and the two were gaining time quickly on the peloton. Sky suddenly didn't look so dominant and trailed Valverde by a minute at the top of the climb.
Up the Roseland, Valverde continued to make up a group on the leaders, closing the gap to 2:00. Bahrain Merida was also chipping in with the pacesetting in the peloton and maintained a minute's gap to Valverde.
The Finish
When the front group started the main climb up to La Rosiere, they were down to four; Warren Barguil, Mikel Nieve, Michael Valgren and Damiano Caruso. They still had a 2:00 gap, and worked well in the first half of the climb until the halfway point, when Mikel Nieve hit out.
Behind the front, groups were coming together, as Tom Dumoulin caught and dropped Alejandro Valverde. Dumoulin had attacked the descent and easily bridged up to the Spaniard who was on his last legs.
The peloton was ramping up the pace too; Michal Kwiatkowski's pace finding out several Tier 3 favourites like Adam Yates and Ilnur Zakarin. Mikel Landa was dropped too, suffering from the pace that Sky had set.
As the Team Sky train was down to two carriages with 5km to go, Geraint Thomas chose to attack. The move saw him bridge up to Dumoulin seamlessly, while Froome marked attacks behind. The group behind didn't have a lot of meat on the bones either; only Bardet, Roglic, Kruiswijk, Martin, Nibali and Quintana remained.
In the final Kilometre, Mikel Nieve looked to have done enough to win the stage. But Thomas had one more bullet in the chamber, attacking again, to pass Nieve with only 300m to go in the stage and ride into the Yellow Jersey. Froome bridged up to Dumoulin in the closing kilometres too, taking third place as the Dutchman sprinted to second.
The Movers And Shakers
This was a hugely decisive day for the GC. Starting with Sky, Geraint Thomas showed exactly how good his form is, with two searing attacks to break open the GC and then to win the stage. Behind, Chris Froome looked super uncomfortable with his teammate being up the road and marked every move he could to try and catch him. It's an interesting dynamic with the top two favourites being on the same team.
Tommy D showed no post-Giro fatigue today. He was superb again and showed off his racing nous by attacking on the descent. I also liked the ride of Primoz Roglic, rolling home in 11th with Nibali and Quintana at signal he's a top 5 threat; that would have been unbelievable a year ago.
Movistar went a little bit Hollywood today – Valverde looked strong initially, but faded and didn't seem to have great legs, so why did he attack 70km from home? That's the sort of move you do on stage 19 when you're pushing your chips into the middle of the table, not on the second mountain stage on the tour, when your legs are half-cooked. Mikel Landa was disappointing too; for all the noise he's making, you would have hoped he could stay with Quintana at least.
We saw who are the real pretenders too; Jakob Fuglsang, who I had podium hopes for, was dropped early on the final climb. Adam Yates was also dropped early on the final climb.
The Next Stage
Stage 12 could be the queen stage, with three huge Alpine climbs coming. The Col de la Madeline is 25.3km long and averages 6%, and the Col de la Croix de Fer is even longer at 5.2% for 29km. Those are incredible long climbs, and amongst the hardest in the Alps. In between, they'll go up the picturesque Lacets de Montvernier, but the riders won't get a chance to enjoy the scenery, thanks to the 8.2% average.
The day finishes with Alpe d'Huez, a true monument of cycling and hopefully a playground for another epic GC battle. 13.8km at 8.1%, the steepest section is at the very bottom, but the gradient doesn't really let up whilst going around the 21 hairpins that make up the famous climb.
The Pick
Dave Brailsford won't let Froome play second fiddle two days in a row. Expect the Sky one-two punch to be reversed here, and Froome to take a big win atop the mighty Alpe.
See you back at the social club,


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valentine's day dress
The day of L O V E is fast approaching and I've put together an adorable day-to-night look for Valentine's Day! Nothing screams V-Day more than pink and red, so I chose this flattering and comfortable pink corduroy wrap dress from Kittsona with my new favorite washed leather moto jacket from Madewell. To accessorize I added fancy fringe Kittsona earrings, the violet Madewell Juno bag and grey Franco Sarto booties. I love adding neutral colors to bright ones!
**Madewell is having a 20% off SALE now until Valentine's day so make sure you take advantage!!
These are all linked below except for the dress from Kittsona as it's currently out of stock! Don't worry I've added another similar dress below! Whether you're single or in a relationship, I hope everyone has a fantastic Valentine's Day and feels L O V E D!! (Lipstick color is Kat Von D "Lovecraft")
Photography: Carolina Goodwin Photography @carolinagoodwin
Madewell "Juno Circle Shoulder Bag"
Madewell "Washed Leather Moto Jacket"
Franco Sarto "Paivley Bootie Estate Grey Leather
Kittsona"Fancy in Fringe Earrings"
Delilah Corduroy Dress
Kat Von D "lovecraft"


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The Andrew J. Barberi first set sail across Upper New York Bay in August 1981 after a pomp-filled send-off from Staten Island by Mayor Edward I. Koch. Its engine promptly failed, the steering mechanism went dead, and the vessel ran aground near Governors Island.
The mammoth orange ferry, the second-oldest in the Staten Island Ferry fleet, had problems even before that first voyage. And in 2003, the Barberi was involved in the worst accident in the ferry's history, when a captain who had been taking painkillers blacked out and the ferry rammed into a pier at St. George terminal on Staten Island, killing 11 people and injuring scores.
On Saturday, the Barberi again crashed on its approach to Staten Island, apparently because the system that slows the boat failed, causing the ferry to slam into a pier, injuring about three dozen passengers. Its hull cracked in two places, the Barberi was once more taken out of service.
The city's Department of Transportation, which runs the ferry service, said early signs suggested a mechanical failure, and the transportation commissioner said Saturday's crash was "a very different situation" from the 2003 disaster.
But accidents have punctuated the history of the 310-foot Barberi. An accident in 1995 involved a similar failure of its propulsion system, a sophisticated contraption that is considered expensive to maintain and was not installed on more recent ferries bought by the city, according to several officials and former employees familiar with the operations of the Staten Island Ferry.Continue reading the main story
The system, known as a Voith Schneider Propeller, is considered one of the most maneuverable in the maritime world. It resembles a circle of knives that hang straight down in the water. The blades rotate to create momentum and pivot individually to provide direction, essentially acting as their own rudder.
"It's like an eggbeater," said Theodore Costa, 85, a former pilot on the Barberi. The propeller is particularly agile, allowing for quick changes in direction. But three new ferries that began service in 2005 all carried a more conventional propeller.
"They are high-maintenance because there are a lot of moving parts," said Steven Kalil, the president of Caddell Dry Dock and Repair, which performed the $9 million in repairs to the Barberi after the crash in 2003. Mr. Kalil's company took apart and serviced the propeller as part of its repair work, though the bulk of the work focused on repairing the mangled steel hull and replacing seats and decks. Surveillance cameras and an improved public announcement system were also added, to conform to more stringent safety standards.
A plaque with the names of the victims of the 2003 accident was affixed to one of the Barberi's bulkheads when the ship returned to service in 2004.
Some relatives of victims wanted the ferry renamed, but officials refused, citing the civic contributions of the boat's namesake, Andrew J. Barberi, who was considered the greatest high school football coach in Staten Island's history.
Mr. Barberi, who died in 1979 at age 64, was a star football player for Curtis High School, where he played a few blocks from St. George terminal, and at New York University. He returned to Curtis as the team's coach, motivating players with a perennial cigar wedged between his teeth.
"They honored his name by putting it on a ferry, and now the name will go down in infamy because of the crashes," said Anthony Bisignano, a lawyer who knew Mr. Barberi when he played on a rival school's football team and who represented passengers suing the city after the 2003 crash.
Late Saturday, Mr. Barberi's son, Bruce Barberi, a physical education teacher now living in Bennington, Neb., said: "Papa would be concerned about the ferry. He'd say, 'If the boat has safety problems, get rid of it.' "
Mr. Koch announced in 1980 that the city planned to buy a new ferry to be named after Mr. Barberi. But the boat arrived two and a half years late, after failing early trials in the Gulf of Mexico.
With a capacity of 6,000 passengers, the Barberi is by far the biggest of the eight ferries that make the 25-minute, 5.2-mile run between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan.
Like the other ferries, the Barberi is inspected four times a year by the Coast Guard and undergoes a more extensive two-week examination once a year.
"On neither of those occasions did we find any reason not to certify the vessel as seaworthy and able to transport passengers," said Charles Rowe, a Coast Guard spokesman.
Tara Canini, 33, whose father, Pio, was killed in the 2003 crash, said she tried to avoid the Barberi whenever she took the ferry. But when she does, said Ms. Canini, who lives on Staten Island, she sits near the plaque that bears her father's name.
"Of course the crash today brings back memories," Ms. Canini said Saturday. "We never wanted the boat to go back into service in the first place."Continue reading the main story