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Pulitzer Prize winner Cynthia Tucker grew up in Monroeville, Alabama, the hometown of the beloved author of "To Kill a Mockingbird," Harper Lee. What Tucker never heard about, growing up, were the 17 lynchings that happened in Monroe County.
Southern trees bear a strange fruit,
Blood on the leaves and blood at the root,
Black bodies swinging in the Southern breeze,
Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees.
— "Strange Fruit," Abel Meeropol, 1939
MONROEVILLE, Alabama — Growing up here, I was steeped in the stories that ripple through To Kill a Mockingbird. This is Harper Lee's hometown, and her narrative, though fictionalized, brilliantly portrayed its racial climate in the 1930s. She called on eccentric characters who were well-known in town and put to good use tales with which she was familiar. My late father, who grew up here, identified some of those characters and tales for me.
He and my mother also taught their children to negotiate the landscape of Jim Crow, a welter of oppressive codes and customs designed to legitimize white supremacy. Those codes were still in force in my childhood, so I attended segregated schools through elementary and much of high school. I followed the law that locked me out of "WHITES ONLY" restrooms, waiting rooms, and downstairs seats in the movie theater.
As a very small child, I had my own experience with running right into the wall — not always visible but substantial nevertheless — put in place to separate the races. My mother and I were traveling to Montgomery on a commercial bus operated under the banner of Trailways Bus Lines. We had taken seats near the front, but when we stopped in Hayneville, just south of Montgomery, more white travelers boarded. The driver ordered us to the back.
At the ripe old age of four, I objected, my mother remembers. Terrified, she dragged me to the back. When we arrived at our destination, she called my father and told him he would have to come to drive us home. She didn't dare take me on another bus ride for fear my obstinance would bring trouble.
Cynthia's parents, Mary Marshall Tucker (top) and John Tucker (in uniform in the gold-framed picture), protected the family from the mental and physical toll of surviving in Jim Crow Alabama.
While my parents did what they could to protect their children from the self-loathing and fear that Jim Crow intended to inculcate in us — we did not go to restaurants, for example, since they insisted on handing black patrons plates out the back door — we were made to understand the necessity of following the rules. My mother and father did not want their four children to grow up bitter or intimidated, but they did want us to grow up.
My parents taught me about the Scottsboro boys, nine black teenagers falsely accused of the rape of two white women in Alabama in 1931, and about Emmett Till, a 14-year-old black teen lynched in Mississippi in 1955. Watching the progress of the civil rights movement on television, I knew that black people could be murdered for pursuing the rights that the Declaration of Independence had proclaimed "inalienable."
But I had never heard a word about lynchings in Monroe County. With the April opening of the National Memorial to Peace and Justice in Montgomery, I have learned what my parents did not tell us: The place in which I grew up was grimly intolerant, miserably cruel to its black citizens, violently committed to a particular order. Even in a state that is historically infamous for its racism, Monroe County's 17 documented lynchings stand out. Only Jefferson County (Birmingham), with a mind-boggling 29, and Dallas County (Selma), with 19, had more.
My hometown has suddenly become a place less familiar.
Cynthia Tucker looks down onto the square from a courtroom window of the Old Monroe County Courthouse. The courthouse serves as a museum for tourists and Harper Lee fans who flock to the town throughout the year.
The sheer number of lynchings in Monroe County lends some insight into Lee's emphasis on racial justice. Born in 1926, she was no doubt influenced by the work of her attorney father, Amasa Coleman (A.C.) Lee, who once defended two black men who were charged with killing a white storekeeper. Though father and son were convicted and hanged, they were at least given a trial. Lee would likely also have heard the stories of those black men who were simply brutalized and hanged in the public square without benefit of judge and jury, since their murders would have been sanctioned by some of the town's leading citizens.
The National Memorial's list of Monroe County lynching victims ends with Willie Lee Cooper, beaten to death in 1943. According to researchers at the Equal Justice Initiative — Bryan Stevenson's legal advocacy nonprofit, which built the museum — Cooper was a mechanic employed at a garage owned by white brothers Edward and Wilbert Owens in the hamlet of Beatrice. Cooper quit his job without notice, according to EJI records, a breach of code and custom that cost him his life.
With the help of a local law enforcement official, apparently, the Owens brothers beat Cooper to a bloody pulp and then dropped him off at a tiny hospital in another rural community, Repton. When doctors asked Cooper what happened, he replied, "I'm afraid to tell. They will beat me again if I tell," according to EJI documents. He succumbed to his injuries.
Eighty-one-year-old James Prevo, a black resident of Beatrice, remembers Cooper's death.
"Any little thing black people did, they'd beat you, shoot you, hang you," he said. Referring to the Great Migration of black Americans from the Deep South to the Northeast and Midwest, he said, "A lot of (black people) left home to keep from getting killed. All of my older brothers and sisters left. They went to Cleveland."
An inscription below the more than 800 steel monuments representing victims of lynching in the United States which cover the grounds of the National Memorial for Peace and Justice in downtown Montgomery. A sign in downtown Montgomery points visitors to the memorial.
Stevenson and his staff spent years poring through historical records to document terror lynchings, defined as acts of fatal violence intended to intimidate entire communities. They eventually confirmed more of those violent deaths than historians had previously recognized. The National Memorial for Peace and Justice remembers more than 4,400 victims of lynchings committed between 1877 and 1950 in states across the country, but most in the South. EJI staffers documented 361 racial terror lynchings in Alabama alone, a number that, though awful, pales next to Louisiana (549), Georgia (592), and Mississippi (654).
To commit a victim's name to one of the more than 800 steel blocks that hang in the memorial, researchers needed at least two archival records to corroborate the act of racial terror. But Stevenson has emphasized the limits of that work: Countless victims will never be known, as those cruel acts of terror have been lost to history. Families fled and buried the stories of brutality. Relatives left behind learned never to speak of those horrible episodes.
Official documents gave scant notice to the injustices that were woven into the fabric of civic life, often with the implicit or explicit support of local law enforcement officials. Sometimes, an act of racial terrorism was thinly disguised as a legitimate police action, just shy of a lynching. Eighty-four-year-old Nannie Ruth Williams, a lifelong Monroeville resident, told me of one such act carried out by a vicious sheriff named Charlie Sizemore, who served as the county's chief law enforcement official from 1956 to 1966.
As Mrs. Williams remembered, she was an adolescent when Sizemore came to her segregated neighborhood one night to break up a raucous party. One man fled the scene, attempting to escape by climbing a fence. The sheriff shot him dead as he climbed, his body entangled on the fence.
"Sizemore left him up there," Mrs. Williams recalls, "and made us all come and look at the body. Every one of us, children, too, had to come and look. I was only 13 or 14 years old. He said, 'That's an example for the rest of y'all niggers. That will happen to you' if we didn't do what he said. I was so scared, but we had to stand there and look. What could we do?"
As a child, I had never heard that story, though my father probably knew the tale all too well. Parents wished to shield their children from the awful psychological toll of racial terrorism. They hoped to point their progeny toward something better. And they needed to submerge their own memories to persevere. When I saw Mrs. Williams the next day, she repeated the story but added, "I don't like to think about all of that, Cynthia. It's painful."
Nannie Ruth Williams, 84, a lifelong Monroeville resident, recalls a law-and-order racial killing of the sort that was commonplace when she was young.
Stevenson believes, though, the nation must acknowledge that brutal past to bind up its wounds and be healed. That mission compelled him to raise $20 million in private funds to build the memorial and the accompanying Legacy Museum: From Slavery to Mass Incarceration — cultural institutions which, unlike other civil rights memorials, don't seek to comfort, but to confront.
In a press conference in April, just before the memorial and museum opened, Stevenson talked about his faith in the redemption they might inspire.
"I am persuaded that we are not free yet in America, that we are burdened by this history.
It is a kind of smog that's in the air, and we all breathe it in, and if we are going to get to freedom, we have to talk about things that we haven't talked about.
"We have to talk about the genocide of native people, which we haven't really done. We have to talk about slavery. We have to talk about lynching. We have to talk about segregation. ... I think there is a way of talking about it that can actually move us to someplace better.
"My interest in talking about the history of racial inequality isn't to punish our country. ... I'm not interested in punishment. I'm interested in reconciliation. ... We are not defined by (this history). We are not doomed by it. But we cannot ignore it. We have to confront it ... to become a more just society," he said.
The most challenging aspect of Stevenson's vision for the memorial may not be getting skeptical Southern whites to acknowledge its legitimacy. Instead, the most challenging facet may be the one that holds the most promise for reconciliation in the communities where lynchings took place: local memorials.
"Nkyinkim," a sculpture by Ghanaian artist Kwame Akoto-Bamfo, is dedicated to the memory of the victims of the Transatlantic slave trade. Duplicates of more than 800 steel monuments representing victims of lynching in the United States have been placed in a field behind the the National Memorial for Peace and Justice. The monuments await being claimed and installed in the counties they represent.
As part of his plan — incorporating an element that is at once visionary, courageous, and provocative — Stevenson commissioned an identical set of coffin-shaped boxes to match the steel boxes that hang in the memorial, inscribed with the name of a county and, beneath it, the names of lynching victims murdered therein. Each matching pillar is meant to be taken to its respective county and displayed in a public space as an acknowledgment of the awful crimes which it remembers.
But EJI has put together a daunting process for counties to acquire those memorials, a process meant to encourage the formation of a multiracial coalition that would confront the legacy of racial terror. While EJI says that it is "working with" several counties to place those memorials, none has yet been claimed.
My home of Monroe County has, so far, no such coalition, no working group, no formal application for its marker. Indeed, local officials seemed puzzled by how to proceed — or reluctant even to discuss any plan. The chief of the county commission, Probate Judge Greg Norris, a Democrat, said he had not yet visited the National Memorial for Peace and Justice and couldn't render any judgment on a local memorial for Monroe County. The Democratic nominee to replace him (Norris will retire at the end of the year), attorney Sonya Green Stinson, practically bolted from me as I tried to ask her questions about the memorial.
"That is not something I can make a statement on right now, being in the middle of an election," she said. "Anything I say, somebody is going to be mad about it."
Erecting a duplicate memorial is a politically fraught issue for both Greg Norris, top, outgoing probate judge, and Sonya Green Stinson, left, who bids to replace him.
In the 1980s, when Stevenson was still a young lawyer, his legal advocacy both inspired gratitude and provoked controversy here. In his award-winning 2014 memoir, Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption, Stevenson recounts his work to exonerate Walter McMillian, who was wrongly convicted of a Monroeville murder and sentenced to death. Writing about the case, Stevenson acknowledges the power of Lee's much-beloved novel but argues that Monroeville learned nothing from her tale.
"Monroeville, Alabama, celebrated its native daughter Lee shamelessly after her award-winning book became a national bestseller in the 1960s. … Her reclusiveness proved no barrier to the county's continued efforts to market her literary classic — or to market itself by using the book's celebrity ...
"Sentimentality about Lee's story grew even as the harder truths of the book took no root. The story of an innocent black man bravely defended by a white lawyer in the 1930s fascinated millions of readers, despite its uncomfortable exploration of false accusations of rape involving a white woman ...
"Today, dozens of legal organizations hand out awards in the fictional lawyer's name (Atticus Finch) to celebrate the model of advocacy described in Lee's novel. What is often overlooked is Atticus did not successfully defend the black man falsely accused in the story. Tom Robinson, the wrongly accused black defendant, is found guilty," Stevenson pointed out.
The Old Monroe County Courthouse serves as a museum for tourists and Harper Lee fans who flock to Monroeville throughout the year. The courtroom of the Old Monroe County Courthouse was carefully recreated on a soundstage in Hollywood for the famous courtroom scenes in the movie version of To Kill a Mockingbird.
After a two-day trial in 1988, McMillian was convicted for the 1986 murder of Ronda Morrison during what authorities surmised was a robbery of a dry-cleaning business that went badly awry. Morrison was working in the shop on that fateful Saturday morning. The murder was so shocking that my mother called me in Atlanta, where I lived then, to tell me about it.
After months went by with no arrest, local authorities' desperation to finger a suspect was matched only by a bias that easily dragooned a black man. McMillian was arrested and shunted off to prison — placed on death row in Alabama's notorious Holman Correctional Facility even before his trial started — on dubious testimony and no hard evidence.
Monroeville's poorly-trained law enforcement officers had destroyed the crime scene with their shoddy methods, and they ignored several witnesses who said that McMillian was elsewhere during the murder. Instead, police encouraged testimony from a white offender whose claims were wildly far-fetched. And, in their haste to frame McMillian, prosecutors violated countless legal and ethical standards, including withholding evidence. A white police officer, Woodrow Ikner, was kicked off the police force after he refused to give perjured testimony implicating McMillian.
McMillian told Stevenson that the local sheriff, Tom Tate, used racial epithets and threatened him with lynching when he made the arrest. In his memoir, Stevenson recounts Tate's threats this way: " 'We're going to keep all you niggers from running around with these white girls. I ought to take you off and hang you like we done that nigger in Mobile.' "
As Stevenson notes, Tate was referring to the murder of 19-year-old Michael Donald, who was lynched in Mobile in 1981, as racial resentment ran high among some whites following the acquittal of a black man for the shooting of a white police officer. Donald was not involved in the case; angry members of the Ku Klux Klan randomly grabbed him off the street, beat him, slit his throat and hanged his body from a tree. Donald's murder marked the last known lynching of a black person in America.
By the time McMillian was released from prison, he had served nearly six years for a crime he did not commit. And Stevenson and his colleagues had endured harassment and bomb threats for daring to represent him. The trial judge had made an extraordinary — and highly unethical — phone call to Stevenson to try to persuade him not to take the case on appeal.
"Bryan, this is Robert E. Lee Key. Why in the hell would you want to represent someone like Walter McMillian? Do you know he's reputed to be one of the biggest drug dealers in all of South Alabama? I got your notice entering an appearance, but you don't want anything to do with this case," Stevenson recounted in his memoir.
McMillian's only crime seemed to be a violation of local social norms: Before his arrest, he had been romantically involved with a married white woman. When he was released from prison, some of the white townsfolk were not ready to admit that he had been wronged. That included Sheriff Tate, according to Just Mercy.
In 2013, McMillian died a broken man. Tate, by contrast, still serves as sheriff of Monroe County. (Never defeated for re-election, he will retire in December after serving for 30 years.) And no one in power — not the sheriff or the district attorney or the Alabama State Legislature — has ever apologized for the wrongful conviction. The legacy of the gross injustice perpetrated against McMillian, like the lynchings of the distant past, lives on, unacknowledged by the broader community.
The National Memorial for Peace and Justice opened in an era in which many Americans are reopening the chapters of history that distort or burnish or misrepresent the past. You need look no further than the raucous debates over Confederate monuments, in which activists of all colors have confronted the myth of the Lost Cause, which treats treason as honorable while ignoring the enslavement of Africans.
The period that followed Reconstruction was also ugly and violent — and less understood than the Civil War. After federal troops left the South, white Southerners managed to reconstruct their political, economic, and social domination through legislation, judicial rulings, and legally sanctioned savagery. Lynchings were a favored tactic for spreading fear among any black residents who may have rebelled.
Stevenson has spoken passionately about the need for communities to engage in conversations, painful though they may be, about the sins of the past.
"When people say, 'Do you want a National Commission on Truth and Reconciliation?,' I really don't. I don't think it would be effective," he said in April. "It needs to be local. It's when a community, when a county, comes together and starts talking about these issues that you can see things happen. That's when the people you know, the people you went to school with are having conversations they haven't had before that you create real change."
Perhaps my hometown can eventually find its way to such a dialogue, but the public conversation about Monroe County's history of lynchings started on a starkly different note. It began with a series of angry letters to the editor in response to a news story about the National Memorial.
Steve Stacey, a 72-year-old part-time researcher at the small public library here, was infuriated by the May 10 account in The Monroe Journal, the local weekly. In his view, it validated murderers and celebrated rapists. So, he wrote a letter to the editor to set the record straight.
"... Obviously, the organizers of the Legacy Museum sought to bring attention to the horror of lynching and other forms of racial terrorism. While the story needs to be told and understood, I question the agenda of glorifying murderers and rapists to tell a story. The (newspaper) included them in the list of victims. They were criminals," he wrote.
Steve Stacey, a part-time researcher for the Monroe County Public Library, takes issue with the motives of certain people whose names are on the national memorial.
Alluding to a particularly gruesome episode in which four black men were lynched in 1892 for allegedly killing a white woman and her father, Stacey wrote: "All four of the men involved in the 1892 incident at Lower Peach Tree are rapists and murderers. They attacked an elderly man, Richard Johnston, by striking him in the head with an ax. Next, they raped his daughter and drug the bodies into their home and set fire to it. ... Today, the Legacy museum honors and glorifies four murderers and rapists from this incident."
No, responded Greg Marshall, who wrote his own letter to the editor. Marshall, who is a black retired Army major, had previously had run-ins with Stacey, who is white, over issues of history, memory, and the use of public spaces to commemorate the Confederacy. Stacey's letter, Marshall said in an interview, "infuriated me ... I said to myself, 'How dare this man speak of memorializing rapists and murderers after what his ancestors did?' Back then, we had no due process. We weren't good enough to put in the justice system. We got white mobs that came into our houses and pulled us out and lynched us."
Greg Marshall, a retired Army Major, rebutted Stacey's claim on historical grounds.
Marshall's letter, published on May 31, echoes that sentiment. "Apparently, he (Stacey) failed to do his research correctly," Marshall wrote. "More often than not, blacks and slaves were never given due process. They were shot, hung, drowned, or murdered by angry white mobs. It was common knowledge (that) blacks and slaves weren't worthy of due process in court.
"People like this person (Stacey)," Marshall continued, "are exactly what keeps Monroe County from moving forward."
How could those conflicting narratives ever be reconciled?
To that end, EJI has started to put together a complex process for claiming county markers, a time-consuming and cumbersome mechanism meant to ensure broad participation in an effort that will show lasting results. Communities are guided toward smaller steps first: assembling a multiracial coalition of citizens, collecting soil samples near lynching sites, and erecting smaller historic markers at each site.
But gaining permission from the EJI's Community Remembrance Project, even for those smaller historic markers, requires local communities to be thoughtful, patient and inclusive around the fraught subject of racial history. EJI's application requires coalition leaders to answer questions like these:
"How have you and your coalition engaged in conversations about race and poverty, and the influence and impact of white supremacy in our nation within your community? What, if any, prior efforts in this county and/or community have taken place over the last 10 years related to reckoning with the history of racial terrorism ...? How does your coalition plan to handle and/or mitigate resistance to this effort?"
Billy Ghee, a Monroe County commissioner, here in the commission's meeting room, is the driving force behind bringing a lynching memorial from Montgomery to Monroe County.
Billy Ghee, a county commissioner, envisions placing Monroe County's lynching memorial outside a public building which once housed a courthouse here. Ghee, who has served in the office for 12 years, is one of two black commissioners on the five-member body. He has contacted EJI about the guidelines for its Community Remembrance Project, but he hasn't yet spoken to his fellow commissioners about it. He'd be "shocked," he said, if there were no support for starting the process to claim the steel box.
As Ghee sees it, the memorial pillar would complement the town's tiny tourism industry, which relies almost exclusively on marketing To Kill a Mockingbird.
"I think it would go hand-in-hand over there, " he said. "They say tourism brings in hundreds of thousands of dollars every year."
The courthouse building that was in use during Lee's childhood has been repurposed as a museum, gift shop, and meeting space; its upstairs courtroom serves as the theater for the final scene of a play based on the novel, which local folk usually put on every spring. A poster in the "old courthouse," as the building is referred to here, shows a photograph of Lee walking in downtown Monroeville with the actor Gregory Peck, who portrayed her father in the 1962 film based on the book.
If Monroe County were to complete the process of reconciliation that Stevenson envisions, the pillar may one day, indeed, hang outside the courthouse building that is now a celebration of the idealism of Lee's novel. A commemoration of lynching victims would not offer the same tone of optimism, but it would hold forth a compelling truth.


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"Everyone eventually comes to yoga seeking an answer. You may come for the body, but you stay for the mind."
One of my yoga instructors mentioned this in a sort of off-handed way last week as we discussed his yoga practice and why he became a teacher. It's something that's really stuck with me.
"For a while I was teaching yoga by day and bartending by night. Ha! I'd go from detoxing a class in the afternoon to helping people intoxicate themselves a few hours later at 12 AM."
(Something another yoga instructor at my studio said to me about her past life in Portland. And that's stuck with me too, but mainly because I find it funny and catchy!)
I came to yoga originally for the body. I saw it as a great way to get in shape and get more "bendy". The rush of adrenaline I experienced when I worked on and achieved a new poses was exhilarating. Finding the perfect combination of strength and flexibility gave me energy, and with that the accompanying triumph, power, and self-esteem.
But what about the poses that aren't so dynamic? What about the rest of one's practice, the monotonous positions we flow through to get to the exciting ones? What about positions we hold for a long time, seemingly for no purpose? That's when the mind becomes essential. I began to realize I've stayed with yoga because, while it does challenge me, in the end it often asks the same ol' thing of me. The more you learn, the more you become familiar with. And what do you do with something you must do that you've done before? Do we see it as stagnancy? Do we see it as stillness? Serenity? That familiarity should be given just as much weight as novelty. The mind is what we rely on for the in-between, the day-to-day. We don't realize that life is mostly made up of these small, perpetual motions that are easy to overlook. We can wish them away, or grow bored, or tired, or frustrated. Or we can engage them.
I also realize that if you allow your mind to stay in a knot, you only end up hurting yourself. I've had times where:
- I couldn't move past the fact that I felt frustrated I couldn't accomplish a pose, or
- I felt annoyed that I was sweaty, or
- I felt tired and became stressed that I was tired, or
- I was so freakin' bored of moving through chataranga
But it's essential that you learn to move on. You acknowledge the feeling, you "give it a chair" so to speak, and you move past it. It stays put. I'm slowly beginning to learn that I can control those emotions. I can recognize them, I can nod to them, but I don't have to invite them into my very being. My emotions come from me but they are not necessarily me if I don't want them to be. I experience them, but I can direct them, too. (Cue the part where I talk about sending energy and vibrations out into the universe…well…maybe not today…)
What do you stay for in your life? What is it you truly enjoy about the things you do?

subset: commoncrawl


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Sexual harassment in the workplace is a serious matter that violates both California and Federal Law. Generally, sexual harassment is any unwanted and unwelcome sexual behavior. It involves a broad range of conduct, including both verbal as well as physical harassment.
Examples of sexual harassment, which bring rise to a "hostile working" environment claim include:
Unwanted sexual advances or propositions
Verbal conduct, including epithets, slurs or derogatory comments & comments about a person's physical appearance or sexual activity
Physical conduct, including assault, unwanted touching or physical interference with movement
Employers have a duty to maintain a safe work environment that is free from sexual harassment and may not retaliate against individuals who report incidences of sexual harassment. Furthermore, if an employer is put on notice that sexual harassment is occurring in the workplace and fails to acknwoledghe or fails to investigate your claim or complaint, they may be guilty of failure to investigate under California and Federal laws.
If you believe you have been the victim of sexual harassment in the workplace, or retaliated against for reporting incidences of sexual harassment, contact the Stanley C. Franklin law firm where we can evaluate your claim and advise you of your rights.


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Q*S=R*T: Who, When and How (Part 2)
I introduced the concept of Q*S=R*T in my previous post, Q*S=R*T: A Formula for Discussing the How After the What (Part 1). The Q*S=R*T formula gives you a language to discuss how the decisions you make impact a project as a whole. In this post, I will go a little deeper and talk about who can use Q*S=R*T, when to use it, and a few supporting strategies.
Who can use Q*S=R*T?
I think Q*S=R*T is a useful concept for almost anyone who does any kind of project work. You could be a project manager, designer, developer, strategist, writer, foreman, or manager. Regardless, it is a way to frame a conversation with your colleagues and team about how you approach a project implementation. You can also sit down to start working on a task, ticket, or feature, and consider this as part of your own thought processes.
I like to keep a sticky note of the Q*S=R*T formula on my monitor to help remind me to think about how I approach certain tasks. Consider posting it on yours too!
When should you use Q*S=R*T?
In our experience, and in the way we have applied this formula, we use it under the following conditions:
Quality – There are several implementation options to consider.
Scope – The scope is clearly defined with little to no uncertainty about what has to be delivered. If the scope is unclear, it is difficult to identify which factors are impacting it.
Resources – A single person or small team (1 – 3 people) are involved. Any more people and you start having questions over accountability. There are likely too many external factors like experience or expertise.
Time – The amount of time is bite-sized (under 15 hours). The longer the time available, the greater likelihood for quality factors to get out of hand.
When doesn't Q*S=R*T work well?
This is a pretty simple formula and is clearly not going to work for every situation. For example, when people and operations are involved or a complex decision needs to be made, there are too many factors. You might break off small parts of a complex decision and use Q*S=R*T, but there are likely other approaches that would be more appropriate.
An example might be figuring out a change management approach when the ownership of a company moves to someone new. There are a lot of people, personalities, and situations that need to be considered when moving forward. It is not just a question of quality of implementation or defining a schedule. In this case, the Q*S=R*T formula isn't able to take into account all the different factors that would impact this situation. It is not a useful tool to discuss the best way to move forward.
Illustrate the Q*S=R*T decision process with a matrix
One of the tools that we like to use to help with the Q*S=R*T decision process is a matrix. There are many different ways to make a matrix, but in this context, this is how we might do it:
- List each of the potential options
- List the pros, cons, and risks as the columns. Pros/cons are the straightforward advantages and disadvantages. The risks column is for identifying risks for you or the customer.
- Add the scope, resources, and time columns
- Fill it out by asking: What are the possible implementation options? What are the pros/cons of this option? Are there any risks? Does this implementation stay within the scope, resources, or time (yes/no/maybe)?
- Evaluate
Here's an example:
- Quality – ?
- Scope – Display a map on a contact page
- Resources – One front-end developer
- Time – 1 hour
As you go through each of these options, they escalate the perceived quality of the implementation. They also break the parameters that have been given for delivery. Though the helicopter option is clearly not a good choice, you can see how the other options would not necessarily stand out as being bad for the budget.
After all this, some of you might be thinking that this is an incredible amount of time and effort to spend on implementation decisions. It is obviously not practical for every decision that needs to be made. However, the point of the exercise is not for you to make a matrix for every decision. It is to understand that every implementation is a quality decision which impacts the other three elements of the equation.
Other circumstances where Q*S=R*T might be helpful
Customer Discussions – This formula is a useful tool to bring to a customer when going through implementation approaches. It gives them options and will change how your customer thinks about change requests. It helps them understand how their requests impact the project as a whole. What if you took the example above and brought it to the customer as an example of possible ways to go forward? You might be able to convince them to add a bit more time/resources to the budget to go with the second option instead of the first. Alternately, if they are asking for aerial pictures, you have a tool to illustrate the impact of that change and help them realign their expectations.
Internal Team Discussions – When your matrix is complete, you can see the available quality levels and assess what is appropriate. This can start a discussion with your team about how to go forward. Since each option does not exist in a vacuum, you can also discuss features or options that you might want to put the extra, out of scope effort into. You can potentially reduce time or resources in other areas to make up for it.
3 strategies to support Q*S=R*T
If this is an approach that you might want to use yourself or introduce to your team, consider the following strategies to support it:
1. The people who are implementing need to be part of the estimation process. This seems obvious, but often the people who are supposed to execute on a task are set up for failure. If they didn't help estimate it, it is reasonable that they might not be able to stay within the parameters they have been given.
2. Communicate the scope, resources, and time for each task to everyone involved. If you don't know how much time or resources you have, how can you make educated decisions about how to go forward?
3. Have weekly time/budget check-ins with everyone. You don't want to get to the end of the project and have no idea why you are over budget/schedule. Weekly check-ins mean you are able to talk through why decisions are being made and how they impact the rest of the project.
The larger and more complex a project is, the harder it is to estimate how much time and resources they will take to deliver. The end goal is to understand this formula and have it be part of the processes when making implementation decisions. It can help minimize the incremental budget creep that happens when decisions are being made.
For most things, you shouldn't have to go through the effort of creating a full matrix to make a decision. Rather, you should be able to quickly discard unsuitable options. But, for things that you might be unsure of how to implement, you now have a conversation tool to help start an educated discussion with your team. It can help keep projects within respective budgets, while still delivering what you said you would.


text: My work that was composed for Third Angle New Music and Tony Arnold will be performed in Portland, Oregon on October 21, 2017 at 5pm at the Bowstring Truss House. The evening will also feature world premieres by my colleagues taking part in the Gabriela Lena Frank Creative Academy of Music: David Coll, Hitomi Oba, Dave Reminick, Nina Shekhar, and Carlos Simon. Together with Gabriela, Tony, and Third Angle, we workshopped all pieces in Boonville, California during March 2017. Click here a PDF of the program!


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Las Vegas, Nevada, is a destination that attracts people from all around the world! Well, we are not good and addictive gamblers ourselves, we thought that there would be nothing to do during our trip to Las Vegas! Hence, we only booked the Hotel for 2 days. However, after checking into our Hotel, we got so so so comfortable in our room and walking the streets of Las Vegas made us not want to leave this place. There was something about the Vibe in here. Everyone was happy, people are relaxed and enjoying themselves. We can't help it but feel the exact same energy as well!
Due to such, we ended up staying in Las Vegas for a week! It was a crazy but extremely fun week! I remember spending my birthday in Las Vegas as well! One of my best birthday ever! It was definitely well spent!
Articles on Las Vegas, NV
The $33 Suite in Westgate Hotel & Resorts !
Buffets of Buffets by Total Rewards!
Top Things to do in Las Vegas, Nevada!
Your Las Vegas Travel Guide, NV.
There are tons of Hotels for you to Stay in Las Vegas and they can be really cheap and inexpensive. Popular hotels would include those on the Stretch Las Vegas Strip near the Venetian Hotel and Resorts that have a Casino in their Lobbies. They are not very expensive unless you are staying in very grand and upscale hotels like the Venetian and Wynn Hotel! Prices range from about $30 to $400 per night, depending on the time that you visit Las Vegas and their Star Ratings.
We stayed at Westgate Resorts & Hotels! It is a little far from the Main Las Vegas Strip! However, we enjoyed our stay in Westgate because of the Free Room Upgrade that we had and we only paid $33 for it! It was super comfortable inside and we were so reluctant to leave the Hotel Room for Sightseeing!
Do note that most Hotels charge a Resort Fee when you book with them. After adding the Resort Fee into your Stay, the total sum can go up to $60 – $100 per night. Guess that is how these hotels make their Money back. Resort Fees are compulsory unless it is a Public Holiday like Labor day! Resort fees are also different for each Hotel. You can always check the amount in the description section in your Hotel Booking website.
Camping in Las Vegas: We decided not to go for it as 1) Hotels were really affordable and 2) The Weather is ridiculously Hot and Humid.
2. Weather in Las Vegas.
Weather in Las Vegas is insanely hot and humid. Temperatures can shoot up to almost 40 Degrees in the afternoon. I remember our afternoon walk was drawing our energy so much that we decided to head back to the Hotel. Do remember to check your weather before doing anything! If you are going to the Red Rock Canyon National Park, Visit it in the Morning. If you are there in the Noontime, you will experience extreme hear and it is definitely not advisable.
3. Budget
Food: Relatively the same throughout the entire USA State. There is great food offers to allow you to gamble your time away. Once you feel hungry, just walk into the Buffer table and eat. This is called the Buffets of Buffets by the Total Rewards Program. This Buffet of Buffet last for 24 Hours and you can visit 5 Different Buffets and try it all! Click here to check out which are the Buffets that you need to try in Las Vegas under the Total Rewards Program!
Besides the Total Rewards program, there are also other buffets in these upscale hotels! You can try them out if you are bored of the Food under the Total Rewards Program.
Excursions: Go get the City Explorer Pass! It is available in Las Vegas too! Check them out to get it at a discounted Price. Packages are also available to catch Famous shows like Cirque de Soleil and many more!
Free Hotel Stays/Discounted Prices: If you are a full time/ hardcore gambler, by signing up with the Total Rewards Program and gamble, you are able to earn lots of points and redeem it for Hotel Stays..etc! It is very incentivizing as a lot of people get free nights stay and huge discounts on their Bookings!
4. Transportation and Parking!
Lyft and Uber: These bookings are available in Las Vegas city! Just download the Lyft and Uber App and go for it! If you would like a cheaper ride, Just use shared rides where you sit the ride with other people. You will still reach your final destination in no time.
Airport to Hotel: There are several options available for you. Click here to book your preferred mode of Transport! There are Limousines, Airport Shuttles provided by Hotels and Super Shuttle! I used SuperShuttle and I enjoyed it! It is easy to book where you pay a fixed price and you share a ride with many others who have landed at the Airport. I checked it before, it is definitely a cheaper option than riding in an Uber.
Parking: Paid and Free Parking are Available in Las Vegas Strip. Click here to find out more about the Parking Fees for the Different hotels!
We parked at The Venetian Hotel many times and walk along the Las Vegas Strip from there. It is very very convenient unless you are intending to go to the other side of the Las Vegas Strip like New York New York! They have Free Parking available there too! Click here to find out about the Free Parking in Las Vegas, Nevada!
Monorails & Buses: I am not in the right position to share with you on the Monorails and Buses along the Las Vegas Strip. We wanted to try one of the rides but did not do so. Click here for more Information on the Public Transport in Las Vegas, Nevada!
Big Bus: Big Bus Operates in major Cities around the world! If you are intending to tour an entire city, it is best to go with Big Bus. You can hop on and hop off the bus whenever you want! The bus stops at popular stops within the city! Click here to book now!
5. Drink Lots and Lots of Water!
The weather is extremely hot! Drink lots and lots of Water. Stay in Air-Conditioned places if possible! Pass through the Casinos if you are intending to walk the Las Vegas Strip. We do that all the time to not get sick.
6. Under 21, No Gambling Rule.
It is very strict in the City of Las Vegas as many underaged minors try to play a game or 2 here. Anybody working in the Hotel spots and suspects you in your Early 20s or Below 21, they will want to see your ID.Just be Careful. My sister was under 21 and she tried to stay in the Casino Grounds but was constantly chased out by the Security.
7. Shopping in Las Vegas!
There are lots of shopping to do! One of the Biggest Premium Outlets which is Spilt into North Premium Outlet and South Premium Outlet in Las Vegas City. It is located not too far away from the Main city area. There is free parking, food and lots of things to do when you are shopping in here!
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Bunny Hop Travels with Charmaine
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Love You All!


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BurrowX replicated and improved upon a recent American Chemical Society (ACS) publication that uses Ultrasound technology to speed up the rate of reaction in a Biodiesel Production process.Read More
BurrowX has been consulted to develop technology that can economically capture and treat the steam to produce process-quality water could reduce plant operating costs by decreasing the potable water input and improve the ecological footprint of dry snacks manufacturing.
To do this BurrowX implemented an innovative system comprised of Carbon Nanotubes to recovery, and treat the plant's water to the conditions recommended by the World Health Organization.Read More
BurrowX, through extensive research and collaboration, has developed an organic pesticide to control the grubs with 70% efficacy for 4 weeks.
Commercially available pesticides have been known to affect insects outside of its target range, cause runoff into rivers and water streams near it, and affect humans and small children.
BurrowX's goal was to provide the highest efficacy of natural grub control to attack each mode of the grub life cycle without the adverse effects listed above.Read More
BurrowX was consulted to research the direct contact freezing of water using Liquid Nitrogen. This was done by developing a MATLAB simulation to calculate the population balance equations that govern the crystallization mechanisms within the system.
BurrowX simulated a new idea that is direct contact seawater freezing desalination using cold energy of LNG. This energy saving type of desalination process is likely to be put to practical use to cope with a potential shortage of water.Read More


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Your Custom Text Here
An Exhibition about the history of Roatan can be found on the second floor of the Buccaneer. It was developed in cooperation with the Honduran Institute of History and Anthropology.
We invite you to undertake a journey through the history of the Bay Islands in general and of Roatan in particular, with a history that spans over 1500 years of human presence in the archipelago, in which are depicted the first settlements in 600 BC, followed by the arrival of Christopher Columbus at Guanaja and the subsequent interactions of the indigenous population by the Spanish until the English finally settled the island. You will also learn of the permanent presence of pirates and buccaneers that the Spanish had to combat in the Caribbean, in Roatan among other places, especially in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. You will also learn of the almost permanent state of war under which Spain and England lived during these same centuries, and of the dominance of colonial trade.
Discover this and more about the history that created Roatan.


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THESE days, people are talking about the new "miracle" plant, Paragis, because of its alleged benefits and power to cure various ailments, including cancer.
Paragis used to be almost everywhere but not since its medical potential and benefits to those who suffer from minor to severe illnesses were discovered. Paragis is known by many names which include goose grass, wild grass, carabao grass and dog's tail. Its scientific name, however, is Eleusine Indica.
Paragis generally is a tropical plant and can usually be found in river banks and along the roads. It is actually a weed and was reportedly first used as an alternative medicine in Africa.
The Aetas of Zambales are known to use Paragis to lower fever, against inflammation and a natural antihistamine or anti-allergy treatment. Burnt leaves of dried paragis can also be used as insect repellant.
Nevertheless, despite its alleged many uses and absence of toxicity history, Paragis is still not recommended as an alternative medicine by the Philippine Department of Health's (DOH) unlike guyabano which is suggested to fight cancer and tawa-tawa for dengue.
Benefits of Paragis
According to a number of testimonials, Paragis is a powerful diuretic and can be used to cure cystitis, urinary infections, gallstone, bladder, kidney stone, high blood pressure, spleen dysentery, heart, lung and liver problems. It can also be used in deworming.
Moreover, Paragis leaves reportedly can be used for sprains, dislocation of bones and lumbago or discomfort in the lower back area. It is also allegedly best for coughs, flu, asthma and the common colds.
Because of Paragis' alleged anti-oxidant properties, it can lower the risk of growing cancer cell in the body.
Preparation of paragis for treatment
It is also claimed that drinking paragis tea on a daily basis can make ovarian cyst and myoma completely disappear. For arthritis, pounded Paragis leaves are supposed to be heated and mixed with scraped coconut before being applied to the affected area. Instant relief from sprain can be reportedly achieved if minced leaves are applied.
For those with kidney problems, drinking boiled paragis leaves daily is said to be like taking a diuretic medicine as it makes the kidney to expel excess water and salt in the body in urine form.
The plant concentrate or decoction, which can be obtained through heating or boiling it, can also stop wound bleeding and lowers the risk of high blood pressure. It can also allegedly fight diarrhea.
Paragis mixed with coconut oil is also said to be good against dandruff and could prevent hair loss.
Other illnesses that can be allegedly cured by Paragis are malaria, jaundice, epilepsy, infertility in women and hemoptysis, among others.
* Beyond Deadlines recommends consulting your doctor first before taking any alternative medicine.


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If you are an office going mom or someone working from home, you might need the help of a breast pump to make feeding your child a more convenient task.
This heaven-sent device is a must-have for all the nursing moms as it can make your life a whole lot easier. It is totally fine not always to be free to breastfeed your baby, we get it, and you are not alone.
If you want to step into the world of pumping and need some guidance then here are a few pointers on how to choose breast pumps for moms of different status.
Breast Pumps For Working Moms
If you spend most of the hours in the office, chances are you might need to stock up on milk to feed your baby.
An electric model that pumps milk from both sides is a quicker and better option for you. You can store sufficient amount of milk in less time and save it for later use or leave it with your baby's nanny.
Breast Pumps For Stay-At-Home Moms
If you don't need to pump milk that often, or you have time at home to pump it on your own then a manual breast pump is the best option for you.
It is cheap and easy to use. Even though it requires attention and manual effort to pump milk, it still saves you a good supply of milk for your baby in times of need.
Now that you have got the hang of whether to get a manual or electric pump let's have a look at the 20 best breast pumps for mom this year 2018. As the guide ends, we are sure you will be able to choose the best pump for you.
Best Electric Breast Pumps in 2018
This comfortable breast pump mimics the sucking sensation of your little one allowing your express more milk with ease. Expect no milk spillage with its close systems and 9 adjustment levels.
It features a clear LCD screen that lets you monitor the levels, time and other features even at night. Don't worry about it your baby waking up amidst of pumping as its working noise is close to none.
It is best for moms on the go as it can be charged using batteries, AC adapter or even a USB portal, so you are ready to pump anytime, anywhere!
But it from Amazon.com.
Double Electric Breast Pump Travel Set by MADE AL
This breast pump is perfect for moms on the go. The pump comes in the form of a kit encased in a cooling storage bag. The whole kit is BPA free and provides highest levels of hygiene.
You can choose from three expression pump settings and 9 suction power settings to see what suits your best.
This kit also features two massage cushions with five textured petals for different cup sizes allowing a smooth and easy flow of milk.
With this easy to assemble and clean characteristics and independent power system, this breast pumping kit is a mom's travel best buddy.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Micro Cube Electric Breastfeeding Pump by Haoqin
Small, portable and easy to use! This breast pump is made of 100% food grade silicone with vacuum packaging to make sure there is no growth of bacteria, mold or yeast.
It is currently known as the most convenient breast pump due to its lightweight and compact design featuring a soft and warm massage cushion to activate a better flow of milk.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Double Pump Electric Breast Pump by BTshine
If you want to express milk from both the sides, then this double electric pump is the right option for you. You can choose the most comfortable setting for yourself with its two modes and 8 pumping and massaging gears.
It is made of 100% BPA free food grade silicone that is heat resistant. This powerful, noise-free and lightweight kit is perfect for everyday use.
Charge it with a USB charger, your laptop or even a power bank; you have endless options. Consider it, if you are planning to stock up on some supply for your little one at home, while you are at work.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Portable Dual Digital Breast Pump by Megna
No need to keep your hand occupied while pumping anymore as this breast pump is completely hands-free. It comes with 9 strength and frequency levels to cater to different moms and their needs. Its anti-backflow system and compact design make pumping easier than ever.
The clear LCD allows you to monitor your settings and the time of your pumping sessions while making zero noise. Connect to AC/DC portals or use batteries while on the go and get pumping!
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Rechargeable Double/Single Electric Breast Pump by Spectra Baby the USA
Hospital grade breast pumps are one of the most heavy duty pumps available in the market. With this breast pump, you can express milk with ease without worrying about cleaning the tube as it has a closed pumping system and does not allow air to pass, preventing the growth of bacteria.
You can set it according to your body reaction and rate of flow for a comfortable milk pumping experience.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Automatic Electric Breast Pump by Momcozy
Make breast pumping an easy and enjoyable experience with this Electric pump by Momcozy. It starts off as a breast massager to stimulate milk flow and then switches to milk expresser allowing the mother to feel comfortable.
The pump features 16 pumping levels and memory function so you won't have to select the settings again and again. This noise-free, heavy-duty breast pump is operated by batteries or USB charger making it easier to travel with. What more can you ask for?
Buy it from Amazon.com.
LED Screen Intelligent Electric Breast Pump by HappyHomey
Forget breast discomfort while pumping and get your hands on the most comfortable breast pump in town. The strong suction allows smooth milk expression even if you have any lactation issues.
It can be charged through a laptop, car, or even a power bank and once charged it is good for up to 15 uses. Isn't it heaven sent for traveling or working moms?
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Dual Mode Electric Breast Pump by QQcute
This pump is supported by Phillips advanced motor technology allowing efficient pumping while keeping the suction process comfortable and straightforward. It is made of BPA free, FDA approved materials providing high levels of hygiene and anti-backflow system.
The 3 levels of massaging system encourage milk flow and 9 adjustable levels of suctions allow you to choose the best option for you. The best part? This pump lasts longer than any pump available in the market.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Massaging Electric Breast Pump with LED Screen by Vakey
Massaging is quite necessary while pumping to help stimulate the milk flow. It has a prolactin mode to allow the mother to lactate better, mimicking the sucking sensation of your baby munchkin. The pumping kit is made of BPA free materials and is easy to disassemble and clean.
It is easy to convert from massaging to the suction system and provides 9 levels of suction strength. Enjoy the pleasure of being a mom with this easy to carry and manage breast pump and make sure your little one is never out of his food.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Best Manual Breast Pumps in 2018
2-Phase Manual Breast Pump by Medela
Taking electric breast pumps out on a trip or to can be quite a difficult task. For times when you need to pump outside your home or don't feel like directly breastfeeding, this 2-phase, single, manual breast pump by Medela is the best and the most convenient option for you to choose.
Its lightweight body makes it portable and comes with effortless expression technology to make pumping easier, so why not go for it!
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Lightweight On The Go Manual Breast Pump by Little Aidan
Looking for a breast pump that is easy to use while you are on the go? Well then, look no more! This perfect manual breast pump by Little Aidan is just the right, hassle-free manual breast pump with no cords, made of silicone, and works without any extra struggle by just squeezing it in the middle.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Dual Mode Manual Breast Pump by Lansinoh
Don't worry about milk supply when you have this dual mode manual breast pump. It has an ergonomic handle that makes milk expression easier while not compromising the comfort.
This compact, portable device to clean and easy to carry along in your bag to pump directly into the bottle or pumping bags by Lansinoh, while on the go.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Expressive Manual Breast Pump by NUK
If you like to have control of the suction speed and strength, then this manual breast pump is the right option for you. It allows you to have command over every step.
With the skin-soft breast cushion and ergonomic handle, breast pumping would be the easiest job to do. It is easy to clean and store, so you don't have to worry about bacteria build up as well.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
On The Go Manual Breast Pump by Dobor
Pumping manually on the go is a hard task? Not anymore because this manual breast pump by Dobor will make pumping a breeze while not losing its shape and structure.
You can use it at home to make sure you have enough milk on the go for your baby or use it while traveling; it is convenient either ways. It is BPA free and easy to clean saving most of your time.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Silicone Manual Breast Pump with Catcher and Saver by Zenda Naturals
This silicone based manual breast pump by Zenda Naturals will be your best friend if you want to save some extra bottles of milk in the freezer.
It is lightweight, portable and easy to clean. You can even store the milk within this pump and pop on the lid, and your milk will be fresh for a long time.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
BPA Manual Breast Pump with Lid by Mommy Knows Best
Manual pumps are more gently on your breasts than electric pumps. This being the softest and most gentle, allows your breast to feel as comfortable as possible while expressing milk.
Made with eco-friendly food grade silicone, this breast pump is safe for you and your baby. Latch it n the other side while you are feeding your baby, so you have a batch ready for the next time.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Food Grade Manual Breast Pump with Milk Collector by Newton
This manual pump is made of 100% food grade, BPA free material that is easy to use and clean. It is perfect for outdoor trips or storing emergency batches of milk for your little one. The heat-resistant material allows you to sterilize the bottle to your satisfaction. All that is just 11 bucks!
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Silicone Manual Breast Pump with Lid by Find Best
If you want to save some milk but you are afraid of hand cramps you can get because of a manual pump then this one is the best option for you. It is made up of ultra soft, 100% food grade silicone that is BPA, PVC, and Phthalate free to ensure a safe breastfeeding experience for you and your baby.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Manual Silicone Breastfeeding Hand Pump by GL Gland Electronics
If you are in search of an affordable breast pump that you can use now and then, then this is the right product for you. It is made of light-weight, food grade PP material that is safe for both baby and mum.
It mimics the sucking of your baby and allows the milk to flow out with ease. It does not make any sound making it best to travel with. It is small enough to fit in your handbag or diaper bag, and you're good to go.
Buy it from Amazon.com.
Once you choose a pump model for yourself, be comfortable with and have a hassle-free mommy life.
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Textile, heal thyself
January 1, 2017
Self-healing textiles could be a benefit to anyone who is regularly exposed to toxins, including farmers, factory workers and military personnel. Photos: Pennsylvania State University. What if you accidentally spill a chemical on your shirt, causing a hole, and miraculously, the shirt repairs itself when you throw it in theRead More


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Our Story
Most of us drink a cup of tea every day and most of us brew tea bags containing fanning (left over dust after larger pieces of leaves are sold for quality and loose tea). They are cheap but does not let us enjoy the natural goodness and reap the health benefits, of tea. Super markets have started stocking quality tea but only few brands started doing single Origin tea. d' brew was setup to change this by making quality leafy tea from single estates accessible and affordable to everyone.
Best From
the Best
We are aiming to stock single estate tea from quality and award winning (own label) tea brands around the world. There are plenty of places where you can buy tea. But we are the only place to stock multiple (own label) brands. They are difficult to find in the supermarkets and expensive to buy direct.
We specialise in selling finest tea from single estates from around the world. We started with Ceylon tea but aim to showcase estates from regions around the world breaking the culture of multi-origin blends.
Whilst we may fail to be 100% successful we do our best to only stock tea from single estate sourcing their tea ethically and with less impact to the nature. Our boxes are recyclable and our own tea is packed in pouches made from recycled tea sacks.
It has taken many months to design a box that can take a good quantity of tea, reduce delivery costs and fit through 95% of UK letterboxes. A box can take 2 tea pouches. So if you order 4 pouches we'll send 2 boxes and if you order 6 we'll send 3 boxes.
You don't have to be at home for delivery or sign for it. The postman don't have to leave it with a neighbour or in the gas meter box. Our boxes are delivered through the letter.
We have made it our mission to give something back and share the profits with the communities at the bottom of the supply chain. We are supporting the Sarvodaya Orphanage in Sri Lanka. So you can be proud that for every cup you enjoy you are making a baby or a toddler smile.
Our subscription service is coming soon so you'll never have to run out of a good quality tea.
If you have any comments, questions or even ideas we'd love to hear from you. Please email email@example.com.
Cuppa along!
We are two friends who have set out to revive our beloved drink.
Our taste buds were suffering at the hands of mass produced tea. We thought we could do a lot better!
After 11 months in the making we have finally launched d'brew with the help of our partners
Hope you join us to revive the tea industry and give the growers, quality brands and their tea the deserved recognition.
Hope you enjoy a good cup of tea every single time.
Cuppa along!
Crew @ d'brew
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ADDRESSKemp House, 160 City Road, London,
United Kingdom


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Heritage and Historical Archaeology Field Course
Units: 1.5
Hours: 3-0-0
Introduces students to the archaeological methods used in recording historical cemeteries using a hands-on approach. Students will learn and practice a range of skills including: data collection and management (field and lab), mapping and recording, archival research, and project design and implementation.
- ANTH 240; or
- permission of the department.
Undergraduate course in Anthropology offered by the Department of Anthropology in the Faculty of Social Sciences.


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Starring Samantha Womack and adapted from Paula Hawkins' novel, this gripping new play will keep you guessing until the final moment.
Rachel Watson longs for a different life. Her only escape is the perfect couple she watches through the train window every day, happy and in love. Or so it appears.
When Rachel learns that the woman she's been secretly watching has suddenly disappeared, she finds herself as a witness and even a suspect in a thrilling mystery in which she will face bigger revelations than she could ever have anticipated.
First a bestselling book, then a hit film, The Girl On The Train took the world by storm. Now, a touring stage adaptation of Paula Hawkins' 2015 novel is rolling into the Midlands, with EastEnders star Samantha Womack in the lead role of Rachel Watson.
"I think the stage version is a response to the obsessions of the public," says Sam, who shot to stardom in 1991 when she represented the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest. "Thrillers, detective & police programmes and real-life crime drama are incredibly popular. I know that all the shows I like to watch on Netflix are things like Making Of A Murderer and the new Ted Bundy Tapes series. I think people are more interested in things that are, or could be, real life now. I think people are moving away from genres like fantasy and towards thrillers. The book was such a strong brand and such a success that people are excited to see the story presented how it was in the book. A lot of people were disappointed in the film, I think - some people loved it and others really didn't. I mean, I loved it because I just love Emily Blunt and everything she does. But really, people just love a good thriller - they really do!"
The Girl On The Train combines thriller with voyeurism. Sam's character Rachel watches two couples from the train and over time becomes obsessed with them. Sam thinks the immense popularity of the story is largely down to Rachel.
"I think it's been so popular because Rachel is an anti-hero. She says the wrong things, she's inappropriate, broken and damaged, which the audience seems to really respond to. I know for sure that the audiences I've experienced in the theatre respond really well to Rachel's bad behaviour and the racy things she says. I think sometimes people enjoy characters who kind of rally against the appropriate way to behave."
This is also the main reason that Sam was drawn to the role.
"While Rachel is broken - covering up all her damage with drinking - and has this devil-may-care attitude, she also has this really interesting arc to her character. She's an incredibly bright, strong woman - she's just kind of lost her way. I was attracted to the recklessness that makes her so interesting. I like the whole renegade vibe she has, where she just disorientates everyone with her madness. I've never really been in a situation where I've felt the way Rachel does and gone off the rails like she has, so I don't have any direct inspiration for how to play her character, but sometimes these parts just come and get you. They appear right in front of you and you know exactly how you'd like to play them, so you just go and do it."
Sam also thinks the book lends itself really well to theatre: "There's actually a lot more licence with theatre to do the dream-like flashback and memory scenes from the book, so you can access Rachel's brain in these scenarios a lot more than I think you can with film. I think theatrically the plot of the book works really well because you're able to delve deep into what Rachel is thinking and feeling. Obviously with every new production and adaptation it will change. New actors will play the roles differently, and each adaptation adds things in and cuts things out, but the format is very much the same. I think what happens when audience members come to see it is that they almost forget the exact details of what they've already read because they're so involved in the piece - it's very captivating."
Rachel turns amateur detective when Megan, one of the women she's been watching from the train, goes missing. Sam explains why her character becomes so engaged with the disappearance.
"Rachel sees Megan going missing as the way to get herself back on track. For the first time in months she feels needed by other people and has a purpose. At this point, she's very much been consumed by her alcoholism and her lies about going to work, so trying to figure out the mystery brings her back from the abyss."
Playing Rachel is certainly a departure from the role for which Sam is best known - Ronnie Mitchell in EastEnders.
"I played Ronnie on and off for nine years, so I really got to know that character very well - to the point where, once I'd learnt the lines, I didn't really need to rehearse because I knew exactly how to play her. I feel like, with theatre, you just get so much more time to rehearse and build the character before going straight in. I'm also a bit of a control freak! I like the way I have complete control over creating the character. What you see is what you get: the adaptation itself can't be changed in writing, or edited afterwards, so you completely know what you're signing up for. I really like that element of control, where what I put out at that very moment is exactly what the audience will see.
"I would say I prefer stage to screen, partly because I'm very impatient and like being able to work the story from start to finish in one night. Television and movies take such a long time to film. Sometimes you're doing the same scene for a whole day! It's hard to stay fresh in that kind of environment. With theatre, as soon as you set off playing your character on the night, it feels like you're in a big race of emotions and acting - it's very exciting!"
Although she's thoroughly enjoying starring in The Girl On The Train, Sam admits that she's looking forward to taking a break afterwards.
"The production is proving very popular, so I know there's incredible demand for it to continue until after the already-scheduled dates and until the end of the year. I think I need to decide what it's going to take out of me. I've only been playing Rachel for one month and she's such a hard part to play, as she's just so emotional. Sometimes it kind of gets under my skin a bit. But I'm definitely having a long break over the summer.
The Girl On The Train shows at Wolverhampton Grand Theatre from Monday 18 to Saturday 23 March.
The show then visits Shrewsbury's Theatre Severn from Mon 27 May to Sat 1 June.
Interview by Lauren Cole
on Fri, 22 Feb 2019
It always amazes me what makes one book a bestseller, whilst another gets released almost unnoticed. Paula Hawkins' 2015 novel, The Girl on the Train, is an example of the former with critical acclaim for both the book and the 2016 film that followed.
The Girl on the Train has now been adapted for stage and is currently playing at The Alexandra in Birmingham. With twists and turns aplenty, Hawkins successfully intertwines the lives of a small group of people, centring predominantly on Rachel. She has been on a downward spiral of alcoholism since splitting with her husband, who now has a new wife and baby. She rides the train into London every day and watches a couple who seemingly have the life she longs for. However, when the woman goes missing, Rachel is drawn into the investigation.
Unsure as to how the story would translate to the stage, I was pleasantly surprised at how well it came across. It is a fairly low budget production with three interchangeable living spaces – designed by James Cotterill - and the train is represented by a series of windows that are projected onto to echo movement. Jack Knowles' lighting also works hand in the hand with both design and direction with many great situational cues.
The show hits the ground running by means of explaining the backstory but paints an excellent picture so you never feel like you are playing catch up. Anthony Banks' direction lends itself perfectly to the action with the transitions between scenes (involving the superb Samantha Womack as Rachel) being especially well thought out. My only slight criticism is that the dramatic stakes are not higher at the end of the show.
Womack is on stage for the entire show and is perfectly cast as the lead character. Initially I felt that she was perhaps channelling Emily Blunt a little too much from the film but she soon found her own way. You genuinely empathise with her character from the outset and her performance is consistent from start to finish.
The small supporting cast all contribute greatly to the overall product. Kirsty Oswald plays the missing Megan Hipwell brilliantly and haunted by her past. One particular exchange between her and therapist Dr Abdic (Naeem Hayat) is extremely powerful. Oliver Farnworth as Megan's husband, Scott, could have been a little more upset over his missing wife but his scenes alongside Womack are very engaging.
Rachel's ex-husband Tom, performed by Adam Jackson-Smith, could have had more of a character arc and Phillipa Flynn (as Tom's new wife Anna) could have been more irritated and somewhat frightened of Rachel but both are easy to watch.
A brilliantly adapted production, which with a few characterisation tweaks, would be perfect.
The Girl on the Train plays at The Alexandra until 31 August and continues to tour the UK until November 2019.
**** Four stars
Jenny Ell
4 Stars on Tue, 27 Aug 2019
Adapting Paula Hawkins' bestseller (20 million copies and counting) for the stage was always likely to make commercial sense, even if the task of actually doing so is rather less straightforward. The challenges are both mental and physical – much of the psychological thriller is based on what is going on in the head of the lead character, and there's the small matter of the train journeys that prompt her involvement in the case of a missing person.
Fans of the book (we'll ignore the film version) might beg to differ, but Rachel Wagstaff and Duncan Abel's adaptation ticks most of the boxes, creating a tight, pacey thriller that owes as much to Anthony Banks' clever staging as the quality of the acting talent on display. The former ranges from effective projections for the train sequences to claustrophobic sliding box scenery that almost mimics train carriages, while the latter sees soap opera royalty Samantha Womack (East Enders' Ronnie Mitchell) and Oliver Farnworth (Corrie's Andy Carver) leading a fine ensemble cast.
Womack plays Rachel Watson, a woman who relies on alcohol and her vision of happiness – the perfect couple she sees from the train every day – to escape the drudgery of her own broken life. When she discovers the woman she's been watching has gone missing, she quickly becomes drawn into the mystery, initially as witness but ultimately as suspect, not least because of her unreliable memory and alcohol-fuelled blackouts.
The soap star is excellent in a demanding role that keeps her on stage throughout, ably supported by Farnworth as husband (and thus both victim and chief suspect) of missing Megan, Kirsty Oswald as his enigmatic wife, and Adam Jackson-Smith and Lowenna Melrose as Tom and Anna Watson, Rachel's ex-husband and his new partner.
The latter are another apparently perfect couple with secrets of their own, and the ongoing revelations about each of the characters – all have a dark side – ramp up the drama to a genuinely tense climax and make for a thrilling ride that's well worth catching.
**** Steve Adams
4 Stars on Tue, 14 May 2019
The Girl On The Train has become quite a phenomenon over the past four years. In 2015, Paula Hawkins' novel topped The New York Times list of fiction bestsellers for three months. The following year, Emily Blunt's portrayal of the book's protagonist, Rachel Watson, in the movie adaptation earned her a BAFTA nomination, and now we have the stage version, which opened in Wolverhampton on Monday.
Directed by Anthony Banks and starring Samantha Womack as Rachel, the plot revolves around Womack's character, a dipsomaniac who commutes to a job that she no longer holds, dismissed as a consequence of her drinking, and creates an idealistic image of a couple, who Rachel calls Jess and Jason, she regularly observes from the window of her daily train journey.
The play opens with Rachel nursing a hangover in her kitchen, empty wine bottles all over the draining board, as reality forces itself into her life when ex-husband Tom Watson (Adam Jackson-Smith) calls to reprimand Rachel over an alcohol-fuelled incident, of which she has no recollection apart from bloodied hands and a head would.
Tom tells her that his former nanny, Megan Hipwell (Kirsty Oswald), is missing and begins to plant seeds of doubt into Rachel's mind about her involvement in this mystery. The plot thickens when Rachel realises that Megan is 'Jess' of the couple in the house next to the railway line.
Rachel decides to start her own investigation into Megan's disappearance and, on the false premise of being an old friend of Megan, visits Scott Hipwell (Oliver Farnworth) and tells him that she saw his wife kissing another man from her seat on the train. Scott mentions that Megan had been seeing a therapist, Kamal Abdic (Naeem Hayat) and, lo and behold, we have another name in the frame.
Like Rachel, the audience is now turning into budding Miss Marples, with each character analysed for their plausibility in their involvement in Megan's disappearance and, in the following scene, Rachel receives a knock on the door from a police officer, Detective Inspector Gaskill {John Dougall}, who sees Rachel as a potential suspect, acting on information from Anna Watson (Lowenna Melrose), Tom's wife and the woman that he had been seeing when their marriage ended.
After the interval, the plot takes the audience on a roller coaster of possibilities, with revelations from each character seeming to implicate them and provide both the motive and opportunity to commit the crime.
As the plot unravels, Womack's performance as Rachel becomes ever more impressive. As the only member of this fine ensemble cast that features in every scene, the role is quite demanding, and it is a testimony to her dramatic skills that she succeeds in transporting the audience on her journey through the investigation into Megan's disappearance. Of course, having played Ronnie Mitchell in EastEnders for several years, Womack's casting boosted audience numbers, though, for this reviewer, she is remembered for her roles in Pie In The Sky and Game On more than 20 years ago.
The staging of the play is simple but very effective, with sets kept to a minimum, without being minimalist, whilst the use of lighting in the production is evocative, especially during the most dramatic set pieces in the play. Furthermore, the music and sound effects are intriguingly employed to maintain the momentum of the narrative.
As the play reaches its denouement, Banks' direction succeeds in sustaining the suspense on stage while the audience slowly begins to piece together the identity of the perpetrator of the crime.
With its themes of betrayal, manipulation, isolation, obsession and violence, The Girl On The Train can be approached from many levels, whether that is as a whodunnit or from the more complex perspective of the feminine narrators that challenge the role of women in relation to the male characters in the play.
This production of Rachel Wagstaff and Duncan Abel's adaptation of Paula Hawkins' novel for the stage succeeds in driving the story with a full head of steam, and The Girl On The Train is one express service that is well worth catching before it reaches its final destination at the end of this year.
The Girl On The Train at Wolverhampton Grand Theatre (18-23 March) Belgrade Theatre, Coventry (13-18 May), Theatre Severn, Shrewsbury (27 May-1 June), The Alexandra Theatre, Birmingham (26-31 August). See www.girlonthetrainplay.com
Stephen Taylor
4 Stars on Tue, 19 Mar 2019


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Teen Programming Staff
Brian Grant, BSN, RN, CDE, was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 2002. He loves working with people who have diabetes, and is looking forward to serving as faculty at the Friends for Life Orlando conference. He currently resides in King of Prussia, PA, and works as a CDE at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with a focus on diabetes technology.
Kathryn Hitchcock, MS, sister of Marissa (dx'd at 2 years old), earned her Master's in Nutritional Science degree at the University of Cincinnati in the summer of 2018. She is currently working through her dietetic internship so she can become a registered dietitian. She is the coordinator of the Research Task Force at Children with Diabetes, which focuses on discovering how CWD can improve quality of life and diabetes-related outcomes in people that use CWD and attend Friends for Life conferences. She also coordinates research at a charitable food pantry to assess how nutrition education affects eating behaviors in low-income adults. She is passionate about nutrition, especially related to diabetes. After she finishes her dietetic internship, she plans to become a registered dietitian and work with individuals with diabetes.
Hannah Opdenaker is excited to wear a green bracelet again this summer with some of her favorite "diabesties." Hannah was diagnosed with type 1 at age 3 in 1999, and has been attending CWD conferences since 2001. She has just graduated with a B.A. in Theatre and Political Science from Mount St. Mary's University in Emmitsburg, Maryland. Hannah is a stage actress with a focus in dance and contemporary movement. Offstage, Hannah is a proud dog mom to Ruby, Bella, and Atticus. Hannah plans to pursue a Master's Program in Theatre Education, and begin teaching theater in under developed urban settings, proving that nothing can stop you from pursuing your passions - even diabetes.
Tween Programming Staff
Kenny Rodenheiser, BSN, RN, CDE, was diagnosed with diabetes in 2003. Through his involvement with CWD, ADA, JDRF and other local organizations, he realized his passion is to help people with diabetes learn about their disease and how to cope with it. He earned his Bachelors of Science in Nursing from Ramapo College of New Jersey. Kenny earned his Certified Diabetes Educator in 2015 and currently works as a diabetes educator for Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Amanda Borges is a Miami, Florida native who moved to New York in 2011 to attend New York University's Film and Television Production program. Since Graduating in 2015, she now works at NBCUniversal's Bravo Network, and lives in Brooklyn with her boyfriend Ben Stroud, who was diagnosed with T1 Diabetes in 1998. She'll be working with the Tween Staff, and will be assisting with the Docu-Diabetes project.
Grace Grande-Cassell is very excited to be staffing her seventh year of Friends for Life conferences! She has grown up with a connection to type 1 diabetes because of her grandfather, who was diagnosed at age 14. Grace currently lives in New York City where she works in the fashion industry. She is so happy to be helping at another conference.
Elementary Programming Staff
Sunshine Abel, LPN, is the mother of Sierra and Sailor. She attended her first Friends for Life® Conference with her family in 2002, after Sailor was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at age 2. Sunshine immediately knew she had found a new family and a new home where kids were experiencing the same thing as Sailor. She then made it her mission to involve her whole family. Sunshine is continuing her education working toward her RN degree. Sunshine has been working as a nurse and leader in the Friends for Life® youth programming since 2006.
Timothy Hitchcock recently graduated with degrees in Physics and Astrophysics at the University of Cincinnati. His older sister Marissa was diagnosed with type 1 in 1989. He began working with the elementary program in 2013 and loves everything about it.
Michelle Dao, BSN, RN, is 23 years old and has recently graduated from the University of Cincinnati with a BSN in Nursing. She attended her first Friends for Life Orlando in 2015 as staff and can't wait to work with her Elementary family again!
Christy Fry is from Virginia Beach, Virginia. She holds a Bachelors Degree in Criminal Justice and Homeland Security though she's currently a Nutrition Care Coordinator for enteral therapy at Infusion Partners, a Bioscrip company. When she's not working, she likes to dirt bike and participate in other outdoor sports with her boyfriend, Trevor, who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 13. This will be Christy's first year helping with the Friends for Life conference and she could not be more excited.
Hannah Klippel was diagnosed with type 1 at the age of eight and attended her first Friends for Life Conference four months later. This will be her 10th year participating in Friends for Life Conferences! Hannah is an undergraduate student at the University of Florida majoring in Elementary Education and is excited to be a part of the Elementary Staff at Friends for Life! She is forever grateful for the resources CWD has provided her and her family. They have had a major impact on her daily life with type 1. Hannah considers her friends made through CWD her family, and she truly can't imagine her life without them. She hopes to give back to the Friends for Life family, as much as they have given her!
Child Care Programming Staff
Mary Babin, RN, BSN, CDE, has served as the childcare coordinator since the very first CWD conference. Mary leads a team of certified diabetes educators providing care and fun in a safe environment for kids under age five with and without diabetes. Providing this service alleviates the concerns of many parents of kids with diabetes – allowing them to attend the sessions with peace of mind knowing that their children are cared for by skilled professionals. This supports Mary's belief that education is the key to successful diabetes management. Mary has devoted her career to the world of medicine. As a graduate of Eastern University and Presbyterian School of Nursing, Mary currently works as a pediatric endocrine specialty nurse and has been a CDE over 20 years! This busy mom and devoted professional has been involved with CWD since 2001. You can spot her at the conferences-she's the one with the trail of kids behind her!
Helen Rodenheiser, wife of Kenny Rodenheiser, is a first grade teacher at Folsom Elementary School in New Jersey. She has been attending Friends for Life conferences as a Childcare staff member sine 2011. She brings the knowledge and resources she learns from CWD to help any and all children affected by diabetes in her school. Helen is currently working towards earning her Masters in Special Education.
Chris Delaney, BSN, RN, attended her first Friends for Life Conference after her daughter Molly was diagnosed with diabetes in March 2005 at the age of six. She has been a pediatric emergency department nurse for 14+ years and loves working with kids. She is also mom to Andrew, Elizabeth and Benjamin who have grown up with CWD.
Sibling Programming Staff
Sierra Abel is the older sister to Sailor Abel, who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in 2001. Sierra attended her first Friends for Life conference with her family in 2002, where she was in the elementary group. She has now worked her way through all the programs, graduating from the teens at Friends for Life Orlando 2011. Sierra is excited to be a leader of the siblings group and be reunited with some of her best friends she calls "framily." She is now working on her masters in Social Work and hopes to become a Certified Diabetes Educator in the near future.
Denotes faculty or staff with diabetes
Friends for Life® Falls Church 2018 Conference Introduction - Registration - Sponsors Program - Youth Program - Faculty - Youth Faculty - CWD Staff FFL Falls Church Reports from 2017 - 2016
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This Internet site provides information of a general nature and is designed for educational purposes only. If you have any concerns about your own health or the health of your child, you should always consult with a physician or other health care professional.
This site is published by T-1 Today, Inc. (d/b/a Children with Diabetes), a 501c3 not-for-profit organization, which is responsible for its contents. Our mission is to provide education and support to families living with type 1 diabetes.
By using this site, you agree to our Terms of Use, Legal Notice, and Privacy Policy.
© Children with Diabetes, Inc. 1995-2018. Comments and Feedback.


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What You Don't Know About Reboot Mac in Recovery Mode
What You Don't Know About Reboot Mac in Recovery Mode
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Our daily general knowledge quiz
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Daily Quiz #166
A new general knowledge quiz is available every day. Try today's quiz or work through our archive of daily and themed quizzes.
The Summer Olympics are held how many years apart?
Woody Guthrie's life story is told in which of these books?
What does "parsimonious" mean?
Which bridge is nearest to the Royal National Theatre on the South Bank of the Thames, London?
Which of the following people made their debut as a dancer in 1908, appeared with the Diaghileff Company, and became a choreographer in 1912?
What wood, a member of the walnut family, is often used in making tool handles, wheel spokes, drumsticks, lacrosse stick handles and skis?
Which of these Elizabeth/Elisabeths did not have the title of Queen?