text: 1968 Rover 3.5 V8 P5B Coupe Automatic. Stone Grey over Burgundy with Buckskin leather upholstery. Launched at the 1958 Motor Show, the P5 Saloon marked a new departure for Rover as it employed a monocoque construction rather than the separate chassis of the old P4. Dubbed the 'middle class Rolls-Royce', the P5B version produced from 1967 until 1973 had a larger Buick-derived 3.5-litre V8 under the bonnet in place of the original 3-litre six and really gave the car the go to match the show. With 160bhp and plenty of effortless grunt under his right foot, the chauffeur could waft his passengers to 110mph and crack 60 in under 11 seconds, even with the mandatory auto box. For the more caddish toffs, Rover also produced the P5B in four-door coupe style with a slightly lower roof-line, slimmer chromed window surrounds, twin-armchair rear seats and additional dash instruments, this being the most collectable variant today. Some 20,600 P5Bs were sold before production came to an end in 1973, with just 9,000 being in the desirable Coupe style. The indicated mileage is 44,000 which is great as it's low enough to be remarkable but not so low that you have to think twice before using the car. Supplied new on January 1st 1968 this P5B was passed from father to son and stayed with the family until 2013 some 45 years, the current V5 showing just two previous owners from new, we also have on file copies of the V5 log books issued for the car. There is a large history file with lots of bills, invoices and old mot certificates which back up the low mileage of just 44,000 which is believed to be correct. The previous keeper purchased the car and then embarked on a full body restoration focusing on good panels gaps and replacing any metalwork before respraying the car. The car was only used occasionally for classic car runs and shows and has covered less than 100 miles since the work was completed. Used by government ministers and royalty on a regular basis, these quintessentially British Rovers are supremely comfortable to drive with a simple and uncluttered instrument layout where virtually everything is at your finger tips. This example is a example and we would doubt a more original car is available in such condition. This represents a unique opportunity for any collector and viewing is strongly recommended.The car positively shouts "Buy Me" with its gleaming paintwork and buckskin upholstery. Inevitably, as the prices of good P5Bs creep ever higher now may be as good a time as any to join the party. Absolutely any inspection is welcome. All major debit cards accepted. Free U.K mainland delivery.


text:
Optical Mapping of the Isolated Coronary-Perfused Human Sinus Node
Author + information
- Received December 5, 2009
- Revision received February 25, 2010
- Accepted March 23, 2010
- Published online October 19, 2010.
Author Information
- Vadim V. Fedorov, PhD⁎,
- Alexey V. Glukhov, PhD⁎,
- Roger Chang, BSc⁎,
- Geran Kostecki, BSc⁎,
- Hyuliya Aferol, BSc⁎,
- William J. Hucker, MD, PhD⁎,
- Joseph P. Wuskell, PhD‡,
- Leslie M. Loew, PhD‡,
- Richard B. Schuessler, PhD†,
- Nader Moazami, MD† and
- Igor R. Efimov, PhD⁎,⁎ (igor{at}wustl.edu)
- ↵⁎Reprint requests and correspondence:
Dr. Igor R. Efimov, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
Objectives We sought to confirm our hypothesis that the human sinoatrial node (SAN) is functionally insulated from the surrounding atrial myocardium except for several exit pathways that electrically bridge the nodal tissue and atrial myocardium.
Background The site of origin and pattern of excitation within the human SAN has not been directly mapped.
Methods The SAN was optically mapped in coronary-perfused preparations from nonfailing human hearts (n = 4, age 54 ± 15 years) using the dye Di-4-ANBDQBS and blebbistatin. The SAN 3-dimensional structure was reconstructed using histology.
Results Optical recordings from the SAN had diastolic depolarization and multiple upstroke components, which corresponded to the separate excitations of the SAN and atrial layers. Excitation originated in the middle of the SAN (66 ± 17 beats/min), and then spread slowly (1 to 18 cm/s) and anisotropically. After a 82 ± 17 ms conduction delay within the SAN, the atrial myocardium was excited via superior, middle, and/or inferior sinoatrial conduction pathways. Atrial excitation was initiated 9.4 ± 4.2 mm from the leading pacemaker site. The oval 14.3 ± 1.5 mm × 6.7 ± 1.6 mm × 1.0 ± 0.2 mm SAN structure was functionally insulated from the atrium by connective tissue, fat, and coronary arteries, except for these pathways.
Conclusions These data demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, the location of the leading SAN pacemaker site, the pattern of excitation within the human SAN, and the conduction pathways into the right atrium. The existence of these pathways explains why, even during normal sinus rhythm, atrial breakthroughs could arise from a region parallel to the crista terminalis that is significantly larger (26.1 ± 7.9 mm) than the area of the anatomically defined SAN.
Despite numerous detailed studies of the origin of excitation in the sinoatrial node (SAN) of many animal species, only excitation of the atrial myocardium and indirect measurements of SAN function have been recorded in humans (1–3). The major obstacle is the inability of epicardial and endocardial electrode mapping to determine the excitation origin and slow propagation of action potentials within the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of the SAN before it activates the adjacent atrial myocardium (4–6). Numerous epicardial (7,8) and endocardial (9) mapping studies demonstrated anatomically widespread sites of early atrial activation, which sometimes fire simultaneously. Such multifocal activation started simultaneously during normal sinus rhythm (SR) in humans in 2 to 5 foci located >1 cm apart. The atrial breakthroughs were reported to arise at the epicardial and/or endocardial region along the crista terminalis (CT), over a region 7.5 cm (8,9) in length. That region is significantly larger than the length of the anatomical SAN, which is only 10 to 18 mm (10,11). Thus, the origin of excitation and pattern of transmural conduction within the human SAN remain unknown.
Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the relationship between anatomical structure and function of the SAN (4). The Boineau-Schuessler SAN model (4,12) hypothesized discrete sinoatrial exit pathways (SEPs) to explain the multifocal atrial surface activation and shifting site of earliest activation. Boineau and Schuessler hypothesized that depolarization originates and slowly spreads within the SAN and then is transmitted to the atria via several specialized conduction SEPs. We recently presented functional and structural evidence in support of the Boineau-Schuessler hypothesis for the canine SAN, which is anatomically and functionally similar to the human SAN (5,13). In that study, we developed a new analytical approach that was utilized to resolve the intramural activation pattern of the canine SAN from high-resolution optical action potential recordings (6).
The present study shows for the first time, to our knowledge, optically mapped, coronary-perfused intact human atria, including the SAN during normal SR. Histology was used to investigate the relationship between function and the 3D anatomic structure of the human SAN.
In vitro preparation of the human SAN
Optical mapping studies were conducted in 4 isolated coronary-perfused preparations of the human SAN, similar to our previous study of the human atrioventricular junction (14). Explanted donor hearts were obtained from Mid-America Transplant Services. Hearts were rejected for transplantation due to age and/or cardiac arrhythmias and were donated for research in accordance with a protocol approved by the Washington University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board. Hearts were cardioplegically arrested in the standard fashion and then were removed with intact superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), as shown in Online Figure 1. Hearts were stored in cold cardioplegic solution at 4°C during transport, dissection, and cannulation, with a total cold ischemic time of 60 to 80 min. The cardioplegic solution contained (in millimoles per liter): 110 NaCl, 1.2 CaCl2, 16 KCl, 16 MgCl2, 10 NaHCO3. Online Table 1presents patient demographics.
The proximal right and left coronary arteries were separately cannulated with a custom-made polyethylene cannulae (inside diameter 0.86 mm; outside diameter 1.27 mm). The ventricles were removed, and all ventricular branches of the left and right coronary arteries were ligated. The entire atrial preparation was positioned in a temperature-controlled glass chamber with the right atrial (RA) posterior epicardium facing the optical apparatus. The preparation was instrumented with 2 bipolar pacing and recording electrodes placed on the RA free-wall epicardium and the intra-atrial septum (IAS) (Online Fig. 1). The human atrial preparations were superfused (80 ml/min) and coronary perfused using 2 pumps (Peri-Star 291, WPI, Sarasota, Florida) under a constant pressure of 55 ± 5 mm Hg with oxygenated (95%/5%, O2/CO2) modified Tyrode's solution containing (in millimoles per liter): 128.2 NaCl, 1.3 CaCl2, 4.7 KCl, 1.05 MgCl2, 1.19 NaH2PO4, 25 NaHCO3, and 11 glucose. Temperature and pH were continuously maintained at 36 ± 0.5°C and 7.35 ± 0.05, respectively.
Experimental protocol
The preparations were equilibrated during SR in the tissue chamber for 60 to 90 min before the measurements were taken. Blebbistatin (10 to 20 μmol/l) was perfused to suppress motion artifacts in the optical signals (15). The preparations were stained with 10 to 40 μmol/l di-4-ANBDQBS, an infrared voltage-sensitive dye, via coronary perfusion (16). The SAN preparations were restained with the dye during the experiment as needed. No measurements were performed until 5 min after completing the restaining procedure. Stability of the preparation was periodically verified by measuring SR cycle length (CL).
Fluorescent signals were recorded from the epicardial optical field of view (OFV) ranging in size from 30 × 30 to 40 × 40 mm2with a spatial resolution of 300 to 400 μm/pixel at a rate of 1,000 frames/s using a 100 × 100 Ultima-L CMOS camera (SciMedia, Tokyo, Japan). The OFV included portions of the SVC, inferior SAN, CT, and IAS regions. Programmed atrial stimulation was used to measure atrial conduction properties at different CLs (CL = 500 to 1,000 ms).
Optical mapping data analysis and interpretation
A custom Matlab computer program was used to analyze the optical action potentials (OAP) in the SAN and the atria as previously described (6). Optical recordings contained fluorescent signals from the myocardium up to a depth of 1 to 3 mm (16–19). The methodological details of the SAN optical mapping are summarized in a review (20).
Sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) was the time between the earliest excitation in the SAN and the earliest atrial activation (breakthrough) determined by the second optical upstroke, which represented atrial excitation (Fig. 1).Activation times and corresponding conduction velocities (CV) were defined in the SAN layer using 50% of the SAN OAP amplitude (AP50%) (Fig. 1B) (6,21,22). The atrial layer activation times and pattern were defined by the −dV/dtmaxof the atrial OAP component (Fig. 1B). The conduction block zone for atrial activation was defined as an area with CV <20 cm/s (Fig. 1C).
The slope of the slow diastolic depolarization was determined by measuring the slope of a linear fit of diastolic depolarization and normalizing its amplitude to the OAP amplitude.
Histology was performed as previously described (21). After optical mapping experiments, human SAN preparations (n = 4) were perfused with 3.7% formaldehyde, frozen in isopentane, cryosectioned perpendicular to the epicardium, and then stored at −80°C until staining and imaging was performed (Fig. 1D).
Conduction within the SAN
Figure 1illustrates the functional and anatomical boundaries of the human SAN #1. The SAN region was functionally defined from the morphology of OAPs according to 2 criteria: presence of a slow diastolic depolarization and upstrokes with multiple components corresponding to activation in different layers of conduction (Figs. 1B and 1C, Online Fig. 2). The OAPs were then used to reconstruct 2 separate activation patterns: slow SANexcitation from the leading pacemaker (Fig. 1C, left panel), and fast atrialexcitation originating from the SEPs (Fig. 1C, middle panel). Slow SANactivation patterns near the leading pacemakers were reconstructed in all 4 preparations (Fig. 1, Online Figs. 3 to 5). The intranodal activation began in the center of the SAN (OAP #1) and spread anisotropically along the CT, being faster in the inferior and superior directions. Under control conditions, CV within 2 to 3 mm of the leading pacemaker site (n = 4) were 8.7 ± 3.8 cm/s and 6.5 ± 1.3 cm/s in the superior and inferior directions, respectively; 6.1 ± 5.3 cm/s in the lateral direction toward the CT; and 3.5 ± 2.6 cm/s (p < 0.05 vs. superior CV) medially toward the septum, with a maximum anisotropy CV ratio of 3.3 ± 1.9.
Due to epicardial fibrosis and fat above the SAN, optically detected SAN areas were less than anatomical projections of the node on the epicardium: length 6.8 ± 1.0 mm versus 14.3 ± 1.5 mm and width 4.8 ± 0.5 mm versus 6.3 ± 1.5 mm, respectively. These anatomical features prevented complete reconstruction of the activation pattern between the SAN and atrial myocardium.
Atrial breakthrough sites
The sites of earliest epicardial activation of the atrial working myocardium were defined as atrial breakthrough sites. In Figure 1, the breakthrough site (OAP #2), was detected 75 ms after the earliest SAN activation and located 5 mm superior and lateral to the site of the earliest SAN activation. On average, atrial breakthrough during control conditions occurred 82 ± 17 ms (SACT) after the earliest SAN activation, and these sites were located 9.4 ± 4.2 mm superior or inferior to the site of the earliest activation within the SAN. Following the breakthrough, atrial activation rapidly spread along the CT (120 to 140 cm/s) and through the RA free wall (70 to 90 cm/s), but slowly spread toward the IAS (OAP #3). Histology sections showed that the block area coincided with the septal margin of the SAN, which was separated from atrial myocardial bundles in the IAS and CT by connective tissue, fat, and coronary arteries.
During SR, 2 preparations (#1 and #3) had a superior breakthrough site, 1 (#2) had 2 breakthrough sites, and 1 (#4) had an inferior breakthrough site (Fig. 1, Online Figs. 3 to 5).
The sites of the leading pacemaker in the SAN and atrial breakthrough remained stable for about 1 to 2 h during experiments. At the beginning of each experiment, after the stabilization period (60 to 90 min), the SR CL ranged from 651 to 1,120 ms. However, during the course of the experiment, the SR CL slowed from 951 ± 206 ms to 1,159 ± 346 ms. As the SR CL slowed, the site of the atrial breakthrough(s) could abruptly shift inferiorly toward the IVC. Atrial breakthrough sites also could be transiently shifted by overdrive atrial pacing.
Effects of atrial pacing on SAN conduction
Following 1 to 10 min of overdrive atrial pacing, the superior atrial breakthrough shifted inferiorly and/or multifocal breakthroughs were observed (Fig. 2).Figure 2shows the dynamic changes of the SAN and atrial activation patterns, which were recorded in preparation #1 before (Fig. 2A) and after (Fig. 2B) 5 min of atrial pacing at the start of the experiment, and 2 h later (Fig. 2C). Before pacing, the atrial activation pattern was unifocal, originating from the superior SEP (SACT = 78 ms) (Fig. 2A). Atrial pacing slowed conduction in the superior part of the SAN, and the pacemaker shifted 1 mm superior (Fig. 2B). Excitation then propagated through the lateral SEP faster than the superior SEP, resulting in a bifocal initiation of atrial activation with no significant change in SACT (80 ms). Bifocal breakthroughs abruptly switched to superior unifocal breakthroughs less than 1 min after pacing was stopped.
However, after 2 h, both the superior and lateral SEPs failed to conduct, and inferior unifocal atrial breakthrough occurred (Fig. 2C). Atrial pacing induced significant slowing of SR and a 2-fold slowing of SAN conduction velocity, as well as a 2-mm inferior shift of the earliest pacemaker. SAN excitation slowly propagated through the inferior SEP and reached the atria after a 157-ms delay, 15 mm inferior to the site of the earliest activation within the SAN. CV could not be directly measured within the SEPs due to the poor quality of signals. However, the CV could be estimated by dividing the distance between SAN activation and atrial breakthrough sites by the time difference, yielding a SEP CV of 3 to 12 cm/s.
Long coronary perfusion of the human atria resulted in both slowing of the SR CL and SAN conduction delay, which could extend to more than 400 ms. Figure 3shows such an example of the pacing-induced conduction block (slowing) after 3 h of perfusion. After 5 min of atrial pacing (CL = 1,000 ms), the OAP tracings from the leading pacemaker area (Fig. 3A) (OAP #1) demonstrated slow, small-amplitude signals, reflecting only SAN action potentials. SAN excitation originated near the same leading pacemaker site as observed prior to pacing, but was blocked in the superior SEP and slowly propagated at 3.7 cm/s through the inferior SEP.
In all SAN preparations (n = 4), epicardial optical mapping revealed at least 3 main atrial breakthrough sites, which corresponded to the superior, lateral, and inferior SEPs, with a maximum distance between them of 26.1 ± 7.9 mm (Fig. 4).
Relating SAN function to structure
Figure 4shows a combination of functional and structural characteristics of the human SAN #1. The left panels are 2 views of a single preparation, and include anatomical annotations. From nearly 300 Mason-Trichome histology sections of a single human heart, 23 histology images at different depths were chosen to represent the structural features of the human SAN. In each of the selected histology images (right panel), various anatomical features were manually identified and drawn using Rhinoceros software (McNeel, Seattle, Washington), as previously described (23). The anatomical regions included were the SAN, coronary arteries, fibrous tissue, fat, and the surrounding atrial tissue. The SAN was identified in the histology images as the dense fibrotic and cardiomyocyte compact region near the epicardium. Dotted outlines of the SAN and coronary arteries between the histology images in the right panel depicted the structures of these 2 features throughout the SAN region.
Volume rendering of the anatomical features in the human heart sample was formed by connecting all of the tracings in each of the sections. Combining these volume renderings of individual anatomic structured into 1 model (Fig. 5)allowed the functional observations to be related to the anatomical features surrounding the SAN. Of note:
1. The double-component SAN OAPs only occurred in the structural SAN region.
2. The fibrotic tissue and fat layers were significant conduction barriers.
3. The SAN activation pattern and the sites of atrial breakthroughs allowed tracking of the SEPs.
4. Fat and fibrotic layers >1 mm thick between the SAN tissue and the epicardium diminished the SAN component.
Structural and functional characteristics of the human SAN
This study used optical mapping to show for the first time the location of the leading pacemaker and the conduction pattern within and near the SAN during normal SR. The human SAN is a complex 3D structure that is anatomically and functionally isolated from the atrial myocardium (CT and IAS) except for several SEPs (Fig. 5). Functionally, excitation of the SAN precedes the earliest excitation of the atrial myocardium by 82 ± 17 ms. SAN excitation is then transmitted from the SAN via superior, lateral, and/or inferior SEPs that are located 9.4 ± 4.2 mm from the leading pacemaker site.
These observations support the Boineau-Schuessler hypothetical model of the SAN (4,12) and are in agreement with our prior report on the canine SAN (6). Previous histological and immunohistochemical studies by James (10,13,24), Truex et al. (11,25), and Schuessler and colleagues (5,26) support our functional and structural data, which demonstrate that the canine and human SAN are electrically insulated from most of the nearby atrial myocardium except for several SEPs. This conduction barrier is formed by the sinus nodal coronary arteries, connective tissue, and fat, as well as an abrupt change in Cx43 expression between atrial and nodal cells (6,27).
Although the present study observed unifocal activation in the SAN, there were bifocal breakthroughs in the atrial myocardium (Fig. 2). Atrial overdrive pacing could slow SAN pacemaker activity and conduction within the SAN, both of which shifts the pacemaker 1 to 2 mm within the node. The pacemaker shift caused excitation through a different SEP and activated the atria at inferior breakthrough site. Figure 3shows an example of a 2-mm pacemaker shift, which resulted in a 20-mm breakthrough site caudal shift. During normal SR, multifocal initiation of atrial activation did not originate from multiple simultaneous pacemakers, but rather corresponded to a single leading pacemaker site within the SAN that simultaneously excited the atrium via multiple SEPs (Fig. 4). Under other conditions, however, it is possible that subsidiary pacemakers outside the SAN could cause a multifocal initiation of multifocal breakthroughs in the atrium.
The present study provides direct intranodal measurements of CVs within 2 to 3 mm of the leading pacemaker site in the 4 human preparations, CV = 0.9 to 14 cm/s (Fig. 1, Online Figs. 3 to 5). These values are in agreement with those seen in other mammalian species (2,6,21,28,29). However, in the rabbit and other small mammals, the propagating wide wavefront moves from the leading pacemaker at an accelerating speed directly toward the CT (21). In contrast, in the canine (6) and human SAN, the propagating wavefront slows down before and within channel(s) of SEP that are utilized to excite the atrial myocardium. It is likely that conduction in these pathways slows down due to a source–sink mismatch. A weak source of current in the narrow exit pathway must excite the large load of the hyperpolarized funnel-like expansion of the atrial muscle. A similar behavior was studied in detail in 2D cell culture structures (30). We hypothesize that due to the 3D nature of the SAN of large mammals, the node must be more electrically insulated from the surrounding 3D atrial myocardium as compared with small mammals, which have a 2D SAN and thin atrial myocardium.
Study limitations
Diversity of the donor history (age, arrhythmias, low ejection fraction, hypertrophy, and drugs used) could affect the present results. Rejected donor hearts are not physiologically normal and are denervated, and therefore, findings from this study cannot be fully extrapolated to normal, healthy human hearts.
Duration of in vitro optical recordings was limited due to washout and/or photobleaching of the dye, and edema (6,31). We used blebbistatin, which had been successfully applied in rat and rabbit (15), canine (6), and human heart (14) models. However, it is possible that suppression of mechanical contractions by blebbistatin prevented activation of stretch-sensitive channels, which can play a role in pacemaker activity in the SAN (32).
Our direct measurements of SACT (82 ± 17 ms) and RA CVs (70 to 160 cm/s) correlated well with clinical data (33–36), which suggests that the perfused preparations were well preserved.
We cannot exclude the potential influence of edema that may develop in a mechanically silent preparation and may affect SAN pacemaker and conduction properties.
Optical resolution is limited by the point-spread function in tissue, which is 500 to 1,000 μm, and further restricted by scattering in epicardial fat and connective tissue in the SAN region. Therefore, we could not map the entire SAN and all exit pathways in some hearts. However, consistency of signal morphology in the SAN region (i.e., the SAN component preceding the atrial component) indicates that we had conduction between the SAN and atrium via an exit pathway.
These data demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, the location of the leading pacemaker and the conduction pattern within and near the intact human sinus node. The present study demonstrates functional insulation of the human sinus node from the atria, except for multiple SEPs. These pathways are important in the modulation of SR and atrial activation patterns. The presence of multiple SEPs explained the occurrence of multiple atrial breakthroughs arising during normal SR from a region significantly larger than the area of the anatomical SAN (26.1 ± 7.9 mm) parallel to the CT.
For a supplementary table and figures, please see the online version of this article.
Online Appendix
Optical Mapping of the Isolated Coronary-Perfused Human Sinus Node[S0735109710034571_mmc1.doc]
The project was supported by the following grants: AHA BGIA0860047Z(to Dr. Fedorov), NIHR01 HL085369(to Dr. Efimov), NIHR01 HL 032257(to Dr. Schuessler), and NIHR01 HL085113(to Dr. Schuessler). All authors have reported that they have no relationships to disclose.
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- 3-dimensional
- cycle length
- crista terminalis
- conduction velocity
- intra-atrial septum
- inferior vena cava
- optical field of view
- right atrial
- sinoatrial conduction time
- sinoatrial node
- sinoatrial exit pathway
- sinus rhythm
- superior vena cava
- Received December 5, 2009.
- Revision received February 25, 2010.
- Accepted March 23, 2010.
- American College of Cardiology Foundation
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
They were at it again. Those same egotistical testosterone junkie jocks that just last week had shoved him into a trash can were now harassing a girl that clearly didn't want their advances. Just looking at them brought the acidic taste of bile to the back of his throat, caused adrenaline to flood his veins and his muscles to tense. Those posturing meatheads had her surrounded, weren't letting her get the books, utensils, and other necessities for school life that had been safely kept locked away behind one of the hundreds of steel cabinet lockers in the school. They were laughing about it too. Laughing. He gripped the cold steel he'd brought to school specifically for this most holy and righteous of causes. They wouldn't be laughing for much longer.
Don't worry, pensive stock image lady, it'll be ok.
Forgive the angst-ridden teenage journal entry at the top of this, but I wanted to include it to facilitate a point I'd be making later on. I wanted to talk to you today about Villains, specifically about what makes a good one, and it all hinges on a concept I've talked about at length before but never really put to paper; Specifically, the Descent into Madness. Before we get to that, however, let's talk about what a villain actually is.
There are three broad spectrum types of antagonists in storytelling. The variations of these three are many, but if you take any major enemy of a story and boil it down you'll find it fits into one of the following three categories: Bad Guy, Antagonist, and Villain. Now, you're probably thinking "These all mean the same thing", but they actually don't and I'll explain why if you'll stick around.
Pictured: You sticking around.
Let's start with a Bad Guy; Snidely Whiplash. Snidely Whiplash is the archenemy of Dudley Do-Right, part of the 1960s Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, and is what people typically think of when they reference an archetypical, tying people to railroad tracks style, villain. Bad Guys do evil things simply for the sake of them being evil, there is rarely an underlying goal, and if there is it's simply a method by which they can continue to do evil things. Bad Guys are fairly flat enemies, the kind that are easy to hate and make for a good punching bag for the "Forces of Good".
Next, Antagonists. Now, while by the strictest definition any and all of these are antagonists, lower case A, I'm talking about the Antagonist, capital A. Think about Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck. Which of these are 'good' and which of these are 'evil'? The answer is neither, but the perspective of their stories typically paints one as the Protagonist and one as the Antagonist – Usually we're rooting for Bugs, unless they're teaming up against someone else, which would make Daffy the typical Antagonist. Now, we don't hate Daffy – He's not evil, he doesn't want to do evil, he's just a bit surly and, quite frankly, rightly so what with Bugs always, well, bugging him. Antagonists are roadblocks; emotionally, mentally, or physically roadblocks for the protagonist. They're there to get in the way, but not to engage the audience on an emotional level, except to laugh at their expense.
Finally, Villains. Now, Villains can have qualities of both Antagonists and Bad Guys, but there is one thing that sets them apart from both – Relatability. In order to create a compelling villain, we have to be able to buy into what they're doing. Now, let's look back at that angsty beginning. Most people can relate to someone feeling bullied, and can also relate to wanting to stop the bully from inflicting that pain on anyone else. However, not everyone could go from that to the 'Any means necessary' attitude that drives people to attack and kill others, so quite often while the motives of a Villain might be relatable, like the above story, the actions they take are sometimes so out of left field that the relatability is forgotten and the Villain slips into being simply cartoonish or a trope.
Sometimes the worst Villains are both cartoonish and a trope.
There's a reason this happens though, and it's not always "We don't know how to write compelling characters." Specifically, it's the fact that the writers already know why their character eventually does the thing that makes them the Villain, but fail to show it – assuming instead that their storytelling was clear enough, and that you'd get it without them having to spell it out. This is how we get Anakin going from losing his mom to killing children with little to no reason between.
This is where the title of this blog comes in – The Descent into Madness. The concept is that every Villain was once a normal person, and through a series of events their moral character begins to disintegrate, falling apart and leaving nothing but the boiling core of hatred that they become, or jealousy, or whichever emotional imperative your Villain identifies with. This event, or series of events, gives us a reasonable explanation as to why a person has become a Villain, and it scares us more than the Bad Guy ever could, because it shows us that, given the right circumstances, we too could become the Villain.
One of the best examples of this concept I've ever seen produced in television was Lex Luthor in the CW's Smallville. In the beginning of the TV series Lex was just a normal, if obscenely rich, young adult. He was nice to some people, mean to others, secretive, but still relatable. However, as he continues to try and do what he believes is the right thing, he continually gets shit on. Often, this takes the form of the vengeful middle class sticking it to the "rich guy", and culminates in a beautiful scene in which Lex takes out a meter maid's car with a golf club, because the meter maid was complaining that it's "Always the rich guys that complain."
Do they also fuck your shit up?
This scene, in addition to being hilarious, is also relatable. Many of Lex's decisions on his descent are reasonable decisions or, if not reasonable, relatable. We have all wanted to take out a smug prick's car with a golf club, just not all of us have the anger management issues to go ahead and do it. But we can relate to that, and as he plummets from there, grasping wildly at anyone or anything he can to try and maintain his sense of humanity, and failing horribly, we grow scared – because it shows us that we're all just one bad day away from being that person.
Now, if you want proof of concept, we only have to return to the quick Star Wars reference I made earlier. Let's talk about Anakin Skywalker – no no no, wait, don't close the browser, let me finish.
Famous Last Words
So, the biggest problem with Anakin as a Villain is the fact that the actions he takes are so unreasonable for his character up to that point, there is little to no reason for him to just go on a killing spree and betray the Jedi Order, or really to do anything that Palpatine asks him to do, even if you take into consideration the fact that Palpatine was trying to manipulate him – I can't just turn to my best friend and say "Hey, you're my real good friend right? Right. Go kill those kids for me, ok?" But, you can if you have the Force.
So, George Lucas gave himself the ultimate plot hole filler and failed to use it. For Anakin, the Descent into Madness is as simple as showing him succumbing to the seduction of the Dark Side of the Force. All we needed was to see Anakin struggling with the realization that he was being tempted, and then the realization that he liked it. If we'd had some small glimpse into the moments where Anakin fought against the Dark Side and failed, we'd have had a better understanding of why he was doing the things he did, and would have appreciated his character a bit more. It may or may not have made the Prequels better, but at this point we can only dream.
Pictured: Life without the Star Wars Prequels
So how can writers prevent themselves from falling into the Anakin-mood-swing trap? Well, by documenting the steps that we take for granted. Remember, the audience is not in your head, nor are they in the head of the character you want to be a fantastic Villain. We need to see who they are, why they are sympathetic and relatable, and then we need to see the totally reasonable decisions they make that ultimately lead them down a path of darkness. You can't just jump cut to the bullied teen shooting his bullys, you have to see him trying to ignore them, pleading for help, being rejected, being ignored, being bullied some more for his efforts, being told to 'Man up' and deal with the situation on his own. Then, and only then, you see him deal with it. That is how you make a compelling Villain, not a Bad Guy or an Antagonist.
A truly compelling Villain makes us question ourselves, makes us consider the potential for violence that lies within us all – Do we really mean it when we curse and yell at the people who cut us off in traffic? Would we actually kill someone for such a slight inconvenience? Movies, Video Games, Books, Television, and all other forms of entertainment have the power to make us ask those questions. That is the real power of a Villain.
If you liked this (article?) feel free to comment on twitter or email. Let me know your favorite Villians, Bad Guys, and Antagonists, and see if you can apply the Descent into Madness on other characters that have potential – does it improve them? I'm interested to find out. Also let me know if you'd like to see dissertations like this on other subjects. I'm willing to write it if you want to read it.


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Open to ages Year 10+
Prices from £585 (for coach travel)
Our coach journey starts on 25th July and we travel directly to Lourdes where we are staying with Diocese Pilgrimage in the 4 star hotel Eliseo. We will return back to England on Saturday 3rd August.
Bookings are being managed on behalf of the Diocese by Tangney Tours, and you can book online or find out more about the Diocesan Pilgrimage on their website.
Before booking, please ensure you have read our Pilgrims' Agreement and Photo Policy.
For further information or if you have any questions please get in touch - details at the bottom of the page.
Watch the 2017 pilgrimage video to see what it's all about!
Download the poster here to promote the pilgrimage in your community.
The Catenians offer a grant to young Catholics going to Lourdes - you can download their form here:


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15 gorgeous, smiling new faces joined the Lexis Noosa family today.
If you see them around the school please make them feel welcome 🙂
Monthly Archives: August 2015
Calling all Italians at Lexis Noosa
A lovely group of local Senior Citizens are learning Italian, and they would LOVE a native speaker to help them improve their pronunciation and basic grammar.
Please contact Mya at Lexis Noosa Reception for more information!!
Student Profile: Nicolas Boulanger
Today I sat down with student Nicolas Boulanger to find out about his time at Lexis Noosa.
Where are you from: Ermeton-Sur-Biert, in Belgium
Which program are you studying: I'm in the Teen Activity Program – first I did TAP Surf, and now I'm doing TAP General. In total I am here for 6 weeks (this is week 5) – I am on summer holidays from my school in Belgium.
Why did you choose to come to Australia to learn English: My friends have gone to England and America to study and I wanted to go somewhere different. And I love Australia.
Why did you choose Lexis?: My parents found out about Lexis and thought it would be a good idea. It was a great idea!
What do you like to do in Noosa: Hang out with my friends, go surfing and being outdoors.
What is your favourite thing about Lexis Noosa?: The teachers, they are close to their students, they're approachable. They discuss with me, how and why, not just 'at' me. I like their style of teaching.
What do you like to do in Belgium: I'm on the National Baseball Team, so I play a lot of baseball and train a lot too.
Do you have any siblings (brothers or sisters)?: I have a little sister, she is 11 years old
Do you have a life motto?: If you want something you've never had, you have to do something you've never done
'Jeans for Genes' Day at Lexis English
Looking for a Job?
Conversation club is growing!!
Welcome to Lexis Noosa!
Healthy Eating – no cook dessert!
Chia seeds, both coconut milk and water, a little sugar and some finely diced banana and pineapple…. whisk, leave in the fridge for 10 minutes to set and – bam! Easy to make, healthy, 'no cook' dessert!!
(it tastes waaaaaay better than it looks, I promise!)
Even Mya – the world's worst cook and junk food addict thinks she might make it at home!!
Many many thanks to the wonderful Isabelle for her recipe!
Wait Staff Wanted
Noosa Heads Surf Club is looking for Wait Staff!
Any applicant should:
- Have good English
- Be well presented
- Have a big smile
- Have coffee making skills
- Be confident carrying plates
- Have knowledge of a register/til
- Be fast & efficient
- Have references
- Be a people person
They are looking for someone who will be here for 12 months or longer and you do not need the above qualities, they are willing to train you.
To apply please email your resume/cv to Peter: email@example.com or phone: 0417 171 313


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By Rishi Shah, Opinion Editor
Robinhood, the no commission and mobile trading platform, has announced its plans to enter the cryptocurrency trading market. With its already popular platform, this is going to send a shock-wave to the trading community. Users will now be able to trade stocks and cryptocurrencies all under one umbrella and zero trading fees.
While there are many platforms available to consumers, only a handful of mobile apps exist. Mobile applications such as Coinbase and Binance provide a user friendly interface where you can easily transfer currencies and invest in their limited set of available coins. Each app has a similar user interface, you get a unique user code and you can use that to transfer the currency between various platforms.
When Robinhood officially the launches cryptocurrency options to its platform, users will be able to invest in Bitcoin and Ethereum for now. These are the two most developed and traded coins available in the market. While each platform provides various options, they almost always include Bitcoin and Ethereum as the standard options as they do not fluctuate to the extent that other coins do when a new platform adopts them.
So with all these mobile options and platforms available, why is this such a huge deal? There are two answers to that. First, whenever a new coin is added to a popular platform, the trading prices skyrocket. Bitcoin and Ethereum are already on multiple platforms, so these prices may not surge but, when a newer and lesser known coins join in, they soar. You can look at the example of Litecoin, which had a 300% surge in 24 hours when it was introduced to Coinbase. This move was heavily criticized as many reports of insider trading came out.
Secondly, Robinhood is a well respected player in the trading industry. With the adoption of cryptocurrencies into their already massive user base, this further legitimizes the use of cryptocurrency. There is much pushback against the use and trade of digital coins as they represent no "physical value" or do not have a government backing it.
Robinhood is known for their massive growth and influence on the trading market. This mobile application truly revolutionized trading stocks. For better insight, we can look at E-Trade, an online trading company that was started in the 1980's. Their user base has around 3.6 brokerage accounts in its decades of existence whereas Robinhood surpassed 4 million since 2014. Robinhood already has wait lists of 1.25 million users for the cryptocurrency platform and is already allowing trading in 5 states. Having cryptocurrencies available at the swipe of a finger without fees will truly revolutionize trading and reach of this new form of currency.
A version of this article appeared in the Tuesday, February 27th print edition.
Contact Rishi at


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Recommended by 100%
Michelle · Married on 01/28/2017
There should be more then 5 star options to choose from--these guys were about a million stars in my book. Chris + Sonya (owners) went ABOVE + BEYOND for our wedding. We couldn't be more happy with this company--my wedding wouldn't have been the same without these guys. My wedding wasn't something easy since it was at my in laws ranch (definitely not set up for weddings). We all worked with a blank canvas and they were very helpful on figuring out what should be placed where. The best part for me was how much I trusted them and knew that where they thought a "couch" should be placed will be in the right place.Sent on 03/20/2017
My mom-in-law and I visited with Chris multiple times, he came to the ranch a couple of times and we went to his shop also! They have tons of things to choose from and WHATEVER you vision they will go above that vision.
They also have great prices and have the BEST customer relationship. I really felt that I got to know them all very well and they make you feel special/cared about.
This is HUGE when planning a wedding or any event.
Thank you guys so so so much for making my fairytale wedding real!
Erica · Married on 10/08/2016
To start off, our wedding was one day after Hurricane Matthew was set to leave the area. It was projected to hit us at a category 4. Cancelling our rentals due to the storm never even crossed the minds of Chris and Sonya of True Love Decor. When, at the last minute, our wedding needed to be moved indoors, they rolled with the punches and took the lead when I couldn't direct them for much of set up. Everything turned out beautifully. Even though the wedding was moved into a ballroom from a tented polo field, the beautiful rustic pieces rented from True Love gave the reception the romantic and vintage vibe I had always planned. They have an incredible selection of pieces, a wonderful facebook and instagram page for inspiration, and are genuinely just the nicest people you could hire. I am referring everyone I know to book them! If you want to make your wedding stand out, talk to True Love!Sent on 11/03/2016
Kristen · Married on 02/20/2016
What can I say? TLD was an amazing find and quite by accident. I wanted a very special arch for my beach ceremony and my decorator found TLD online because they rented doors and chairs. My decorator claimed, for some reason, they were not able to get in touch with TLD and if I wanted I could try and talk to them myself.Sent on 05/28/2016
And am I ever glad I did! Chris and Sonya are two absolutely wonderful people who run an amazing business. When I went to the showroom to look at the doors I wanted, I pretty much rearranged my entire décor around their offerings. I was able to have the perfect "Pinterest" wedding with vintage and Victorian items – mismatched Victorian place settings, a beautiful memorial table, gorgeous bride and groom chairs, and a very special chair to recognize my late grandmother.
Chris and Sonya are extremely nice, accommodating, and responsive. They treat you like a part of their family. For all appointments and the wedding, they were on time and the setup was flawless. I would highly recommend them and plan to use them in the future for any other events I have that need décor. I promise you won't be disappointed!
ashley · Married on 12/04/2015
Amazing company that will accommodate above and beyond their means! Beautiful decor! It will be hard to not rent everything! Highly recommended their services. We rented all decor for our wedding from the company and it was the most reasonably price we found in south FL. Not only are they reasonably priced but they treat you like family. So thankful we found this company! Chris, Sonya, and the True Love Team, we can not thank you enough for everything you guys did to make our day special and flawless. We will miss you guys!!!Sent on 12/10/2015
Katlyn · Married on 06/06/2015
I loved working with True Love Decor! Not only did he have everything I envisioned and set it up for my early sunrise ceremony, but Chris even went as far as making furniture for me! I needed a backless bench and he handmade one for me. I wish I had another event just so I could use more of their inventory. Plus, you can't beat their prices for the furniture, delivery, and setup.Sent on 07/30/2015
Amanda · Married on 05/21/2015
I had a wonderful experience working with True Love Decor for the furniture rental at my wedding! They have an unbelievable selection of unique vintage pieces to choose from!! Chris & Sonya really took the time to meet with me (even at the venue) and understand my vision & make suggestions. Their prices were very reasonable compared to the other furniture rental companies I researched. They were very flexible to last minute changes and really put me at ease the day of my wedding. They were on time and had everything set up just as we had planned. I highly recommend choosing True Love Decor for furniture renal for any type of event - you won't be disappointed!!Sent on 07/29/2015
Samantha · Married on 03/07/2015
True Love Decor was amazing!! Their items to rent were one of a kind. We used their dishes (which were super cute!!), a mailbox for cards, and they also set up our altar made out of bamboo on the beach. I can't say enough how nice and accommodating they were to us! They answered our emails the same day and when it was time to return the items, they were super flexible and made it so much easier on us. We would definitely refer our family and friends to use them...and we would use them again with another event in the future!! Thank you, Chris and Sonya!!Sent on 07/26/2015
User4174763 · 2+ years ago
I had True Love Decor's Castle Doors at my wedding and they completed the whole outdoor ceremony perfectly! Guests were taking pictures under them and it was special to be able to have the suspense of closing them before I walked down the aisle. Chris was so easy to work with and was prompt in responding to emails. The price was reasonable and I would love to use their antiques for future events!Sent on 07/20/2015
Patricia · Married on 08/08/2015
Chris and Sonya were incredibly helpful and accomodating. Incredible variety of products helps give your wedding a very personal touch. They work with passion and go out of their way to make your day as unique and special as possible. Very happy to have found them.Sent on 08/16/2015
By clicking "Request pricing" I agree to sign up and accept WeddingWire's Terms of Use.Write a review


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Strategic Breakthrough Results℠ (SBR) Services: All services and The SBR℠ Program are designed in the context of realizing measurable breakthrough results.
- CEO Advisory
- Clarify and prioritize organizational strategic breakthrough results. Advise on critical performance and relationship issues.
- Executive Coaching
- Capability development in performance. Relationship and 'values' leadership.
- Leadership Team Alignment & Commitment
- Clarity and alignment to 'breakthrough' goals, roles and responsibilities, and stakeholder engagement.
- Designing & Executing Breakthrough Operational Plan
- Creating from the future and effective performance in the present.
- Navigating Breakthrough Change
- Identifying cultural enablers and transforming barriers that support and thwart significant change.
- Aligning Culture & Performance
- Cultural shift in expectations, norms, values, and behaviors to support continuous change as market and competitive conditions require.
To discuss how we can work with you to achieve your objectives, contact us.


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We're almost in storm season once more while many of you are still reeling from the affects of Harvey. One of the visionary items we have as a district is to EQUIP you for ministry in your specific contexts. And for you, that means education and equipping surrounding natural disasters. We believe in you and your God-given calling to your community. We are so grateful for the pastors, leaders, team members and churches who served sacrificially throughout last year. We know that heaven watched as you labored.
Join us! As we lean in and learn together.
Ninfa's Mexican Restaurant
8553 Gulf Fwy Houston, TX 77017
RSVP for dinner by May 3rd by 12:00pm to (409) 986-7889
***Each guest pays their own dinner ticket at the end of the evening.
JASON REYNOLDS (Foursquare Disaster Relief)
Jason will be giving us a debriefing from Hurricane Harvey and discussing the lessons we learned from these disasters and how we can apply them to the upcoming hurricane season that starts June 1, 2018.
MARY JO RINALDO (MidSouth District Administrator)
Mary Jo will be updating us on Foursquare Insurance and how we are to handle local "catastrophes" with our congregations and how we are linked together in our local churches. This topic may be an eye-opener to some pastors.


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Massage Therapy Leicester
Massage for Health Leicester is run by Michele White who has specialized in massage therapy for over 25 years. Michele graduated with distinction from the Australian College of Massage in 1989. She then went on to receive a diploma in Advanced Clinical Aromatherapy from the Eve Taylor Institute (London) in 1995. Further post graduate studies include Indian Head Massage (Northampton) in 1999. Then Hot Stone Massage in 2006 and Thai Hot Herbal Compress Massage in 2008 at the Ellisons Academy (Coventry).
Having traveled extensively for many years Michele has explored a number of techniques from Europe, South East Asia and the Far East. Many of these techniques are integrated into the treatment provided at Massage for Health Leicester.
Complementary Healthcare Leicester
Complementary Healthcare includes a range of practices. These practices may be used alongside conventional medicine to aid the health and well being of patients who experience a number of conditions. Common uses of complementary healthcare include improving the quality of life for people living with chronic conditions. Techniques are used to help support the body's natural healing process and to support people through periods of anxiety related illness.
Remedial Massage Leicester
Remedial massage is an effective way to prevent muscle damage and to treat muscle injury, pain and soreness. It stimulates the lymphatic system which encourages the elimination of toxins and dilates the blood vessels to aid the improvement of circulation. Massage is also extremely effective for relaxation and aiding in the alleviation of anxiety and stress.
Massage Therapy & Treatment
Before starting treatment a full consultation is carried out to discern the specific needs of the client. Privacy and confidentiality are adhered to at all times. The choice of oils used in any treatment will vary, again depending on the needs of the client and taking into account any allergies. People are welcome to call for more information before deciding to make an appointment for Massage Therapy in Leicester
Michele is located at an established Complementary Health Centre in Leicester, situated close to the city centre. There is car parking available and wheelchair access.
Massage for Health Leicester
Contact Massage for Health Leicester: Michele White on 07947741791 or contact online
The Eastgate Complementary Health Centre, 19 – 27 Humberstone Road, Leicester, LE5 3GJ
Please note: If using a SatNav please use the area code LE1 1SR, this will bring you directly to our car park


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Do you need a handyman to help you take care of your home's growing to-do list? Call 540.421.268 for your free estimate.
We understand that when it comes to hiring a handyman, finding an individual who has the appropriate knowledge and expertise is of the utmost importance. That's why we only employ highly-skilled craftsmen who have many years of experience in their trade. We are fully insured and bonded so you can rest assured that when you have a Rainstorm, LLC handyman on the job, your home will be in the hands of a trustworthy professional.


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Forums are in read-only mode. Data has been backed up but be sure to save anything you want.
Regards to Medic Cloud Bomb
I was thinking, if anyone besides the Medic him/herself, would use the Medic Cloud Bomb and gain points. That would be a great idea. In certain situation I use the Medic Cloud Bomb when the whole team is either yellow or red. Or save it for the very last wave. Either one works perfectly, but I do want to point out that the Medic Cloud Bomb only heals. Maybe… 1 point per tick/human? Like, 1 point per HP gain based on your max HP or whoever is around it (the person who threw the bomb) gain points. It would only work if you need HP. There should be a cap as well. Can't just gain instantly 100 points. Maybe cap at depending on how many humans are in the Medic Cloud Bomb?
Raox last edited by
What are your reasons?
Gatekeeper last edited by
Pretty sure the whole point of getting a cloud bomb is to use later on in the game when there are bigger threats that have hurt multiple humans. You get points from healing using the medkit, the cloud bomb is a huge benefit already no need to have more incentive to get one.
Raox last edited by
We'd end up at the old C4 vicious circle- you'd heal so much with the medic cloud bomb and gain so much in terms of points you'd just buy more medic cloud bombs with it. If I allowed you to gain points I'd basically have to make the stock horribly low to compensate, so, no.
Kurondaiku last edited by Kurondaiku
Grue you know?
@Gatekeeper Alright then.
@Raox C4 vicious circle? When was this? I wasn't there at the time.
@Kurondaiku Know what?
Carrie last edited by Carrie
@gvue003 Why do you have to make a new post for every individual response?
@Carrie i dont
@Carrie see the
@Carrie problem


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EMG-Zine Entrance
March 2007
Mixing it Up, Paying it Forward
News for March
Building Your Palette
Arabian Nights
Nothing to see here...
EMG-Zine is no longer active, but join the mailing list for other EMG projects and updates. You can also follow us on Facebook.Or Support us with an anthology purchase!
Nothing to see here...Wombat Droppings
by Ursula Vernon
Due to circumstances, we've got nothing to see here. Wombat Droppings will return next month!
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Hey fellow wellness seeker!
How have you been?
Check in here and fill out this page before each session so that I can catch up before our time together and we can make the most of our call!
Your form will be emailed to me when you press Update. Talk soon!


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Hannah + Colin | Wardsville, MO Wedding
Hannah + Colin reside in St. Louis, but they chose to get married in Hannah's hometown of Wardsville, MO - just outside of Jefferson City. And not only that, but they also chose to have the reception in the backyard of the home where Hannah grew up...which happens to be on a gorgeous farm. There's a large backyard with huge trees - perfect for string lights and tables and dancefloor - and rolling hills and trees as far as the eye can see. As you can imagine, rain isn't exactly ideal for this type of set-up....but rain was what they got. They got a LOT of it. And in my opinion, the rain was what added such a special element to this day. More on that in a minute :)
Forbis started with Colin and the guys at an Airbnb in Jefferson City where they hung out and got ready before heading over to the church in Wardsville. Hannah got ready in her parent's home, right down the road from the church. Hannah's mother is passed, and just so happened that the room in which she got dressed boasted a lovely portrait of her on the wall, so it really felt like she was there. The getting ready photos of Hannah are some of my favorite images from the day.
The rain was on and off pretty much all day, and luckily it cleared up after the ceremony while we were taking portraits at the nearby Bolton Home. Hannah and Colin have an amazing group of friends and family who were so wonderful to photograph! When we got back to the house for dinner, the rain started to pick up again, and by the time dinner and toasts were over, the decision was made to move the party into the garage. It was at this time that the most incredible storm clouds rolled in. Being typical Midwesterners, we all stood and watched and took photos ;) Luckily everyone was safely under cover of the garage when the skies finally opened up.
What I loved about this day was that despite the terrible weather, everyone just rolled with it. The guests had just as much fun dancing the night away smooshed together in the garage as they would have had in the backyard under the trees. Maybe even MORE fun. This wedding is the prime example of taking a "worst case scenario" and making something amazing out of it. Rain doesn't matter. Celebrating your marriage with the people closest to you matters. And that's exactly what Hannah and Colin did.
Keep scrolling to see the images from this incredible day!


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Circular Carousel
View how you can integrate circular carousels into your content.
An ingenious utility which can conduct the whole procedure from A-Z, makes you forget about the complexity of what you´re dealing with by providing a well-organized and self-explanatory user interface, and nevertheless allows you to gain access to the extensive range of settings which the Nivo Slider plugin itself comes with.
The Nivo Slider WordPress plugin makes it super easy to create and manage multiple sliders on your WordPress sites. Using the WordPress backend you can create as many sliders as you need and include them in your posts and pages using a simple shortcode. You don't need to touch any code!
View how you can integrate circular carousels into your content.
Get more awesome features by upgrading to the full plugin


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We're pleased to offer the following services at Apple Tree Animal Clinic:
Our receptionists and team will attempt to
accommodate all requests to the best of our ability. Most emergencies are accepted anytime our doctor is available. If you feel you have an emergency with your pet, please call us or come to the hospital immediately. If possible it is best to call before coming in so that a staff member can advise you on your particular emergency.
After Hours Emergencies
The LifeCentre
165 Fort Evans Rd NE
Leesburg, VA 20176
(703) 777-5755
Valley Veterinary Emergency & Referral Center
210 Costello Dr.
Winchester, VA 22602
(540) 662-7811
1080 W. Patrick St.
Frederick, MD 21703
At Apple Tree Animal Clinic, we can care for:
- Dogs
- Cats
Apple Tree Animal Clinic accepts payment via cash, check, MasterCard, Visa, Discover. So that we can continue to provide you high quality service utilizing the best medical technologies, we request that payment be made at the time services are rendered.
We provide estimates for all surgeries and hospitalizations. If you have not received an estimate, you are welcome to request one at any time for your expected charges.


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C Cm G E7 We can hardly stand the wait, Am7 D7 G Please Christmas, don't be late. This arrangement for the song is the author's own work and represents their interpretation of the song. You may only use this for private study, scholarship, or research. (Easy Fake Book). The new third edition of this popular Easy Fake Book title features large, easy-to-read notation, simplified harmonies and. Christmas In The Key Of C sheet music - Piano sheet music by Sandy Feldstein: Alfred Music.
Shop the World's Largest Sheet Music Selection today at Sheet Music Plus. Hey Mark, these songs are not all originally played in the key of c, however you can play them in any key you wish, just follow the tabs. If you wish to know the exact keys you can probably find them in a google search. The Easy Christmas Fake Book: 100 Songs in the Key of c christmas songs of C 0 out of 5 based on 0 ratings.
0 reviews. (Original Key is often C) 4 Silent night C Silent night, holy night" G C All is calm, All is bright F C Round the Virgin, Mother and Child F C Holy Infant so tender and mild, G C. Microsoft Word - Christmas Carols and Songs _easy version in C_ While learning the guitar chords to classic Christmas songs in one key will get you through some situations, if you're playing with a carol group, or just around the table during the holidays, you'll probably have to play in other keys besides C.
More sites for Christmas Songs- You can find most songs if you Google" lyrics, chords" and the song title. Most will be free to copy, and some will have a key changing option. Most have lots of ads everywhere, and can be a little confusing to navigate. These are some favourites for Christmas songs (not checked lately, so some may be outdated). Download lead sheet in the key of C Download lead sheet in the key of D Download lead sheet in the key of Eb Download lead sheet in the key of F Download lead sheet in the key of G, also a very nice key for this song for violin players.
Now here is a simple arrangement in Middle C position, also with all the Christmas song lyrics. Songs that are in the key of C Major. Use this list to play along with your favorite songs. Print and download lead sheets for The Christmas Song (Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire) by Mel Tormé in C Major (transposable). The Christmas Song Chords by Paul McCartney Learn to play guitar by chord and tabs and use our crd diagrams, transpose the key and more.
Aug 28, 2015. Learn christmas songs with easy guitar chords, TABS, lyrics, solo and. here are the easy guitar chords in the key of C that you can use as a. The Easy Christmas Fake Book: 100 Songs in the Key of C (Fake Books) [Hal Leonard Corp.
] on Amazon. com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. (Easy Fake. Dec 1, 2015. Check out these 15+ easy Christmas piano songs with video. "Silent Night" is a classic ballad that uses only the white keys on the piano. Christmas Carols and Songs. (easy version in the key of C). What fun it is to ride and sing a sleighing song tonight.
(Oh! ) C. Jingle bells, jingle bells, jingle all. Dec 17, 2015. Many of the songs we love to sing and play this time of year of simply arranged. Plus, these are easy to capo if you need a different key. " Jingle Bells" is one of the best-known and commonly sung American Christmas songs in the world.
C; Dashing through the snow, in a one-horse open sleigh, ; Am. Lead sheets in six keys, and three levels of piano arrangements, guitar tabs and chords in three keys.
Easy Middle C Christmas song Angels We Have Heard. Article about Christmas Carols you can play with just 3 chords. For example, if I am playing in the Key of C, and the first chord is the C chord and I have to. The Easy Christmas Fake Book: 100 Songs in the Key of C (Fake Books) [Hal Leonard Corp.
] on Amazon. com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. (Easy Fake Book). The new third edition of this popular Easy Fake Book title features large, easy-to-read notation
Phone: (469) 170-9409 x 8586
Email: [email protected]


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Baku. 15 November. REPORT.AZ/ Brent crude oil price dropped to 43.58 USD/barrel on world markets today, which is the minimum level for the last 3 months.
Report informs, for the first time since August 11, Brent crude oil price fell below 44 USD/barrel.
The negative trend in the oil market related to the statement made by International Energy Agency (IEA) about increase in oil production (230 thousand barrels / day or 0.68% ) by OPEC countries in October.
Notably, the next meeting of OPEC on November 30 in Vienna is expected to adopt a decision on production cuts.
Thus, at an informal summit of OPEC which took place in September in Algeria oil production countries come to an agreement on limiting the level of production at 32,5-33 mln bbl/day. The Wall Street Journal noted that analysts do not believe it is possible to reduce production to the level of 32,5-33 million bbl / day.It also drives oil prices down.


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Are you in need of custom window treatments, bedding or upholstery? Click below to schedule a consultation.
We can't wait to hear from you!
From dressing your master suite to preparing the ultimate guest experience, Joan's creative eye and skill set will craft custom bedding and pillows to make your home feel put together.
From decor and room layout to new drapery or shutters, Joan will guide you through the many decisions that must be made even before renovation begins. Allow her experience and professionalism to put you at ease so that you can truly enjoy creating your new space.
Making old things new again or providing custom fabric for a brand new piece of furniture, is Joan's passion. Your heirloom furniture or illustrious showroom pieces will receive the utmost care and attention as Joan crafts them into something that will flow well with your lifestyle and space.


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Wally and Tammy,
Just wanted to drop you a note and tell you thank you so much for a wonderful experience once again. It was so amazing, we got so many compliments from everyone on the food and how everything looked. We have continued to get calls even today from people. I have to say at the end of the evening when you are walking around to say final good-byes to the staff and thank them and you are giving hugs to them, it is like family. That is how it fealt working with all of you. I did not see you to tell you or Tammy at the end of the evening to thank you in person, so I wanted to make sure you know how much we appreciated all your hard work and special touches that made the wedding absolutely perfect.
Kevin and Darlene Green
Now Booking 2019 and 2020
5500 West 54th Street Parma OH 44129
Delicious ethnic homemade food & desserts. We provide cake services, Off-site catering.


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At Dover International Speedway, Racing To Golden 50 On The Monster Mile
NYSJ Sports-Entertainment Business News Service
January 19, 2019: Dover International Speedway, celebrating its 50th golden anniversary, has unveiled a promotion that will last until the racetrack celebrates its 100th platinum anniversary.
By completing an online survey, people will be entered to win four "Golden Tickets," which will enable the holder(s) to attend each Dover International Speedway Nascar Cup Series race through the year 2069.
Admission begins with the Monster Energy Nascar Cup Series race on Sunday, May 5, 2019.
"This is certainly the longest-lasting prize we've ever offered in a fan contest," Mike Tatoian, president and CEO for Dover (DE) International Speedway, said via the organization.
"Fifty years of Monster Energy Nascar Cup Series tickets is a reward that generations of family members and friends can enjoy for years to come. We look forward to selecting a winner."
The survey is open now through April 1, with the winner to be unveiled later that week. It is being overseen by SurveyMonkey.
Dover Speedway is home to the iconic Monster Mile, the nickname for the venue's high-banked concrete oval track.
The Monster Mile's 50th anniversary racing season begins with a Nascar triple-header weekend May 3-5, which includes the "JEGS 200" Nascar Gander Outdoors Truck Series race and the Nascar Xfinity Series Dash 4 Cash race.
The Oct. 6, 2019 Monster Energy Nascar Cup Series playoff race will be the 100th Nascar Cup Series race in track history.
Dover International Speedway will be the 10th track in the nation to host 100 Nascar Cup Series races.
Among other 50th anniversary activation, Dover Speedway and Dover, DE-based Fordham & Dominion Brewing Co. have released a special "Splash & Go" Lager and the track has created special-edition merchandise including hats, T-shirts and pint glasses.
Non-endemic partners include AAA, Anheuser-Busch (Budweiser), Delaware Lottery, Pepsi, Sherwin-Williams and Weis supermarkets.
"Our team is working hard to make 2019 the biggest year yet at Dover International Speedway," said Tatoian.
"For fifty years, the Monster Mile has been providing challenges for top drivers, excitement for our fans and terrific memories for all in attendance. Our 2019 celebrations, events and races will offer the perfect kickoff for our next fifty years of racing."


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With January comes the start of another year.
2017 was a great year for NDE. We continued to invest and grow in key areas. Expanding with new machinery, new processes and a number of new engineers and production staff.
We go into 2018 looking to grow further; take on new projects and move forward existing relationships. Additional technology enables us to take on an even wider range of work and it's this type of forward step that keeps NDE at the forefront of custom coil winding.
During this exciting time for UK manufacturing we are regularly seeing innovation of the highest level. We have been involved in a number of new projects and watched them mature from initial idea to full production. Working with you from the concept stage is where we like to start, it enables us to provide design assistance and a close working relationship from the very beginning.
Contact our team, talk through your project and see how NDE can help bring your idea to life.


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Absolute Radio Android powered TV Box App
Absolute Radio is one of the UK's three Independent National Radio stations. The station rebranded to its current name at 7:45 am on 29 September 2008.
The station is based in London and plays popular rock music. It currently broadcasts on medium wave and DAB across the UK, on 105.8 FM in London and 105.2 FM in the West Midlands, Sky (channel 0107), Virgin Media (channel 915), Freeview (channel 727) and Freesat (channel 724). It is also available in other parts of the world via satellite, cable, and on the Internet. As of 31 December 2013, international streaming via the internet has been discontinued.[4] Absolute Radio is a patron of The Radio Academy.[5]
Absolute Radio is owned and operated by Bauer Radio of Hamburg based Bauer Media Group, it forms part of Bauer's National portfolio of radio brands.
Click to download Absolute Radio Android App
Click here to view our list of official Android powered TV box apps
Click here to view our list of best Android apps for your TV box
You may have heard of a VPN. But you might not know what it does.
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) provides a secure environment for everyday web use. Once you establish a VPN connection all of your online data (emails, instant messages, data transfers, online banking, web visits) pass through an encrypted tunnel.
A VPN helps with many things including "unlocking geo located content on your TV Box". By simply using a VPN for a pounds or dollars a month. It will unlock your Smart TV Box by letting you access content that may not have been previously available due to your location.
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IPVanish supports Windows, Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Ubuntu, Chromebook, routers, and more.


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This article is part of our DraftKings NHL series.
It's a star-studded player pool Thursday with seven games on the docket. The Bruins are the only club on the second leg of a back-to-back set, and the bouts between Toronto and Tampa Bay, and Winnipeg and Nashville stand as marquee contests
Devan Dubnyk, MIN vs. ANH ($7,700): The veteran has dropped consecutive games to inferior opponents (Detroit and Philadelphia) and allowed five goals in each loss. Facing the Ducks on home ice definitely sets up as a bounce-back spot, though. Anaheim has scored just 1.78 goals on 7.98 high-danger scoring chances at five-on-five in away games this season and also owns a 45.9 Corsi For percentage.
Auston Matthews, TOR at TB ($7,700): With a single goal and a 3.3 shooting percentage through his past 10 outings, Matthews is primed for statistical correction. He had three high-danger chances in his last meeting with the Lightning, and former linemates Zach Hyman and William Nylander are projected to return to his flanks for this contest. The trio combined for an impressive 4.09 goals per hour at five-on-five last year, and there's a chance Matthews carries a low ownership percentage with Tampa Bay atop the NHL standings.
Dylan Strome, CHI at NYR ($4,500): While there have been a number of duds in Strome's game log, he's also recorded two goals, eight assists and four multi-point showings through his past 10 contests. Additionally, he continues to show excellent chemistry with linemate Patrick Kane, as the pair have combined for 5.7 goals per 60 minutes this season. This is also a soft matchup with the Rangers allowing the most goals per hour (3.83) in the league since Dec. 1.
David Pastrnak, BOS vs. STL ($7,700): With all the firepower in the winger pool, Pastrnak stands out as a superstar who could fly under the radar. The Blues have been a tough opponent on the road this season with just 2.32 goals against per 60 minutes and the third highest team save percentage (.918) at five-on-five, so it's not an ideal spot. However, the Czech has proven to be a matchup-proof scorer and he's also been dominant at home with 15 goals and 17 assists through 23 games.
Mats Zuccarello, NYR vs. CHI ($4,600): It's been a nice three-game stretch for Zuccarello with three tallies and three assists. He's locked into a top offensive role and draws a favorable matchup against Chicago. The Blackhawks have surrendered 3.92 goals and a league-high 14.25 high-danger scoring chances per 60 minutes on the road this season.
Luke Kunin, MIN vs. ANA ($3,400): A low-priced flier skating in a top-six role and with the No. 1 power-play unit, Kunin is positioned to succeed. In particular, both his 3.8 shooting percentage and 95.8 PDO are unsustainably low, so look for some statistical correction with Anaheim allowing 12.75 high-danger scoring chances per hour on the road this season.
Erik Gustafsson, CHI at NYR ($5,200): An outing removed from an eight-game point streak, Gustafsson checks out as a nice value in the noted cushy matchup against the Rangers. The Swede is in the midst of a breakout stretch with three tallies, 13 helpers, 24 shots and 20 blocks through his past 15 contests, and his role quarterbacking the No. 1 power-play rounds out his high-floor, high-ceiling profile.
Kevin Shattenkirk, NYR vs. CHI ($4,600): This is a reasonable price for Shattenkirk. Since the veteran returned from injury Dec. 31, he's recorded a goal, four assists, 20 shots and 16 blocks. He's also resumed quarterbacking the No. 1 power-play unit, which boosts his value in the noted soft matchup against the Blackhawks. Don't forget, his 1.93 points per 60 minutes from 2014-15 to 2016-17 ranked fourth among all regular defensemen.


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Hurricane Evacuee Sitreps & Statistics (2017/2018)
Due to the serious situation caused by Hurricanes Irma and Maria, many from Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands have evacuated to the continental United States (CONUS).
NYVOAD Reports
NYVOAD Member Reports (email email@example.com to add your agency's)
NYDIS Unmet Needs Assessment: Hurricane Evacuee Service Center & Marketplace (February 2, 2018)
July 2017
Click here to view the July 2017 situation report.
Chautauqua County Flooding (2015 & 2016)
The NYVOAD mobilized on July 20th to support the WNY VOAD in responding to needs for debris removal and clean-up. The following agencies have been part of the discussions with many taking an active role in the response:
- Chautauqua County Office of Emergency Services
- Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- Mennonite Disaster Services
- Team Rubicon
- Southern Baptist Convention of NY
- Lutheran Disaster Response
- NYS Human Services Branch
Conference call notes are available below.
Update: August 6, 2016
The NYVOAD has been asked to provide support for the long term recovery of those impacted by the flooding in Chautauqua County. Those agencies listed in the Member Directory which have indicated the capacity to meet the unmet needs of the residents have been contacted and asked to participate in a conference call to coordinate the response, particularly in the categories of rebuild and repair. If your agency has not been contacted and you would like to offer your support, please let us know (firstname.lastname@example.com) and we will include you in our response. Thank you.
Update: August 16, 2015
The preliminary after action report regarding the NYVOAD response to the flooding in Chautauqua County is below. More information will be added as it becomes available.


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Haley Mahar – Project Manager
Haley's foray into the construction world began at the ripe age of 8 when she designed her first (and last) veterinary hospital using construction paper and colored markers. Haley's love for building only blossomed as she aged. Haley graduated from Williams College with a double major in English and Art and shortly after moved to Boston to work for a large general contractor. After several years on the East Coast, Haley visited Jackson and just a few months later she packed her bags and moved here. She is a valued member of the New West team as she applies the skills in estimating, project management, and field operations she developed in Boston. When Haley isn't taking care of business, you can find her hiking around Jackson in the summer, Nordic skiing in the park in the winter, and biking around town.


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School Lessons
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Kaz Oshiro: Still Life
Honor Fraser, Los Angeles, 13 April – 25 May 2013
By Ed Schad
Kaz Oshiro is firstly a painter. This is easy to forget. Over the course of a decade, he has made a career of creating trompe l'oeil objects, seemingly exact replicas of everyday items like kitchen cabinetry, speakers, truck tailgates and, a couple of years ago, a large yellow Dumpster (stains and all), recently acquired by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Ultimately, however, these objects are just paint, Bondo, canvas and stretchers, and though Oshiro always leaves one side of them open to reveal their structure or armature, one still strangely believes in them as objects and not as paintings.
Oshiro's commitment to mimicry with a shy reveal, and the discipline with which he has pursued this practice, makes his show at Honor Fraser a breakthrough. Unlike the earlier trompe l'oeil works, here there is absolutely no doubt that the nine works in the exhibition, all pressing at the edges of the gallery (bumped up against the ceiling, propped on the floor or lodged in corners), are paintings, and there is no need for them to be anything else.
Oshiro's relationship to painting and illusion has changed. He now imagines whole paintings, guiltless monochromes, twisted in actual space. Oshiro does not build these works from visual phenomena as, say, Ellsworth Kelly responds to the interactions of certain colours or tries to mimic a shadow thrown by a barn door. Nor is he intent on experimenting with abstract form and materials, as, say, Imi Knoebel does in his idiosyncratic enterprises. Instead, Oshiro has made paintings that exist as complete, rather ordinary monochromes first – finished and resolved thoughts – and then they somehow come into contact with, are distorted and torqued by, and ultimate adhere to, the gallery in which they find themselves. One feels as if the paintings flew in and stuck to the walls in unusual positions, like pieces of paper in a windstorm.
Now the illusion resides not in the real object/false object two-step of Oshiro's early work, but in the theatre of the circumstance, the narrative of how Oshiro relates his paintings to the gallery. The paintings are paintings, built to be where they are, but in being placed in such a way, able to cant and play with the gallery, they paradoxically seem more imaginative, more prone to beauty and flights of fancy. There is no visual trick to the work, just painting opening a space for itself on its own terms and having fun.
The one false note in the show, the unnecessary inclusion of a traditional Oshiro object, a trompe l'oeil file cabinet, further draws out the artist's development. The file cabinet seems twice an anchor for the proceedings: it shows Oshiro clinging to his old work, not quite confident in fully letting go; but more importantly, the object made of painting seems the most earthbound thing in the show. What was illusion now feels leaden, and what is real – the paintings being paintings – seems liberated to dream. Nice trick indeed.
This article was first published in the Summer 2013 issue.


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The Central Massachusetts representative on the board that approves state judicial appointments, Thomas J. Foley of Worcester, yesterday said the embattled judge who released convicted killer Daniel T. Tavares Jr. on personal recognizance made a bad call, but doesn�t deserve to be kicked off the bench.
�For us to come out now and call for the resignation or removal of the judge at this point is inappropriate,� said Mr. Foley, District 7 representative on the Governor�s Council. �It wasn�t the right decision, but there�s no malfeasance here.�
Mr. Tavares had completed a 16-year prison sentence for stabbing his mother to death in 1991, but was facing new charges of allegedly assaulting two correction officers, when Superior Court Judge Kathe M. Tuttman reversed a district court judge�s $100,000 bail order and released him from custody in July.
He skipped his next court date on the assault charges and fled to Washington state where he allegedly shot to death a young couple on Nov. 17 � setting off a firestorm of controversy in Worcester, on Beacon Hill and nationally on the presidential campaign trail.
Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney, the former Massachusetts governor who nominated Judge Tuttman to the bench in 2006, has called for her to step down. Two members of the Governor�s Council, which is responsible for confirming judicial nominations, have called on Gov. Deval L. Patrick to take the first step toward firing her.
�What I want is a hearing before the Governor�s Council on whether or not Judge Tuttman should be removed, and we can�t hold that hearing unless the governor says so,� said Mary-Ellen Manning, who represents parts of Essex and Middlesex counties on the Governor�s Council.
�I think that she should be welcoming the opportunity to tell us what her decision-making process was and what information was available, and to educate us on the laws that she�s constrained by,� Ms. Manning added. �The public would be well-served.�
Governor�s Councilor Marilyn M. Pettito Devaney, who represents a small part of Worcester County and a large chunk of Middlesex County, also has called for the removal hearing, according to a report in the Boston Herald. She couldn�t be reached yesterday for comment.
Mr. Foley said there�s plenty of blame to go around in the slayings of 30-year-old Brian Mauck and his wife, Beverly, 28, in their home in Graham, Wash. Each was shot three times in the head. Mr. Foley is finishing up his first year on the council and wasn�t a member of the panel when Judge Tuttman�s nomination was approved.
�I don�t agree with the judge�s decision, but there was a series of mistakes that occurred here. This problem could have been prevented. I don�t think it all lies on the judge,� said Mr. Foley, a former head of the Massachusetts State Police. �Everybody�s human here. Mistakes are going to be made.�
The prison assaults Mr. Tavares is charged with were alleged to have occurred in 2005 and 2006, but the criminal complaints were not brought against him until early June, a week before he was scheduled to wrap up his sentence on the murder conviction.
�In my opinion, with the limited information I have, he should have been charged while he was still incarcerated. Bail wouldn�t even have been an issue with the judge at that point. But that wasn�t done,� Mr. Foley said.
Worcester District Attorney Joseph D. Early Jr.�s office wasn�t asked by state Department of Correction officials to prosecute Mr. Tavares for allegedly attacking two guards at the Souza-Baranowski Correctional Center on the Lancaster-Shirley line until June, said Mr. Early�s spokesman Timothy J. Connolly.
�We acted on it immediately because the end of this guy�s sentence was coming up,� said Mr. Connolly, who declined to discuss whether the district attorney�s office made mistakes in its handling of the case. �We�re just not going to get into finger-pointing,� he said.
Mr. Foley said he sympathized with the tough decisions judges make every day across the state. He said he does not support the call by his colleagues on the Governor�s Council for a removal hearing on Judge Tuttman. He said he regrets that the tragic deaths of two young people have become a political circus.
Having said all that, Mr. Foley added, it�s hard for him to understand how Mr. Tavares could have been judged to be likely to show up for his court dates, hence worthy of release on personal recognizance.
�He did his time, but you have to consider here�s a person who did 16 years in jail, was released and then had a pending case against him. How can you say that person is not going to be a flight risk?� Mr. Foley said.


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Solving complex resource issues while balancing the needs of wild fish and people.
South-Central California Coast (SCCC) steelhead are in long-term decline across their range, despite recent recovery actions taken in core watersheds. Without widespread efforts to restore streamflows and improve access to historical habitat, SCCC steelhead will likely be extinct in southern California within 50 years.
NMFS considers the recovery potential for South-Central California Coast steelhead to be low to moderate, with small but consistent runs of adult steelhead into accessible watersheds. Removal of San Clemente Dam in the Carmel River in 2015 opened access to more than 40 km (25 mi.) of habitat, and is aiding in the restoration of more natural streamflows and sediment transport processes.
Scroll down for more information about the SCCC steelhead. To read the full species account, click here.
© 2019 California Trout Inc. All Rights Reserved. Photos and graphics © CalTrout or used with permission.
360 Pine Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104, (415) 392-8887.
Fish photo, Jim Inman. Water photo,Wyatt Horsley. People photo, Jacob Katz.
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Sale pending on Welwyn Road/
22 Welwyn Road, in Riverside, new construction asking $4.595 million. Nice house on an excellent street, but it does illustrate what's happening to our housing stock here in town. This property sold in just 17 days back in 2013 for $2.375 million, when it was a modest, but recently completely renovated home. It could have easily served as a home as is, but now the same property is in a totally different price range, appealing to a totally different buyer. I'm not suggesting that $2.375 is "starter home" material, but this does illustrate the transformation of areas like Riverside to ever-more expensive houses.
This is nothing new, naturally. Pal Nancy and I returned to town in the early 1980s, and by the end of that decade had witnessed the invasion of the merger/acquisition guys (at least, I think that was the hot occupation back then). And while it will surely break the hearts of most readers, membership in our local little yacht club changed from one comprised of a variety of income levels to a new beast, weighted heavily in favor of multi-millionaires. Nothing particularly wrong with that: it offered the opportunity to crew on better boats, for instance, but with the money came demands for more luxurious facilities, which drove up dues. (It also saw an influx of arrogant, nasty people, but that's another matter.)
All of which is just to make a general observation on the changes to the town that have occurred over the past half-century. Better to see increased prices than depressed ones, especially if you already have a seat on the gravy train. but the town is almost unrecognizable from what it was. And I'm sure people who grew up here in the 20s felt the same way by the mid-60s, so ....
I do worry, though, about our current state budget woes and the Democrats' focus on curing them by raising taxes on the rich again. Not that I'm in a position to do so, but I'd be awfully wary of sinking, say, $10 million into something as illiquid as a house while knowing that I was in the crosshairs of my enemy.


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Monday, 25 October 2010
family learning
What a great way to spend a day. Kings Langley Secondary school has had two days of free art workshops for families. I've been making monsters from socks and flowers from ribbons with children as young as 3 to grandparents who are much older! The feedback was reeally good too - if they're happy, I'm happy! In the summer I ran workshops for Extended Schools making sock monsters, macrame bracelets and paper chefs hats. I really enjoy doing them... I should run my own! Watch this space or contact me if you want an arty party!
Posted by Unknown at Monday, October 25, 2010
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College with sluttiest girls
Sometimes I feel jelly of you Murican brahs and the whole college thing over there, Australia's Universities aren't nearly as lively. Anyway, she found me when I was back in town and we started hanging out. Marin hinkle nude pictures. College with sluttiest girls. All times are GMT State has one of the highest concentrations of gonorrhea and chlamydia in the country.
But inside you got more freak than most schools do combined. HoustonTX United States. Mexico requests investigation into US use of tear gas at the border. Fratolina 3 years ago. Originally Posted by datchitcray. Add goofy85 to Rail Reply Quote Patrick Frat Star 3 years ago.
Every single one is a football fan. Tube mature boy. She starts going down on me while birthday boy goes down on her. Basically any school with priveleged white ppl? Genny DK 3 years ago. For the fastest way to keep up with TFM, download our free smartphone app. Originally Posted by Fang2. During the movie I hope it was a Disney film. It trivializes the gravity of sexual assault and puts the blame on the victims, a common practice in society today.
Not a lot of other schools had any real quantifiable stats about the sexual activities of their students except for Wisconsin. SteveHolt "Now that's content! I once had a threesome with my then-boyfriend now husband and a girl we met at a housewarming party-gone- wild. Now he owns three. Did you turn him straight, though? DornFromMajorLeague 2 years ago. I then had him drive me home so I could get ready for another Tinder date that evening.
Jingles 3 years ago. It put a stop to that shit real fast and it gave him a needed confidence boost to start dating. Jada liu naked. Eventually she would go with my buddies guys and buy us all dinner with her boyfriends credit card and then her and I would meet back up later in the night for sexy time.
TheBigEarn Aug 19th, at The ATF Store 3 years ago. ChicagoIL United States. FatMattsAtBat 2 years ago. Got drunk on my second date with a guy, let him finger me in his truck while he was driving 80 on the highway, somehow managed to stumble into my house where I proceeded to let him eat out my ass and also fuck me there.
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Aug 2nd, ChicagoIL United States. Escort girls orlando. We asked what he was gonna name it. By Papa Fish in Off Topic. She even managed to flash her student ID like she was headed to the library to study Anatomy Sign up for any of these sites through P5s, make a minimum deposit, and e-mail P5s Support to get a free month of Tournament Poker Edge!
What is new however, is this article from BarstoolU. Powered by Super Eurobeat Name: MurphysboroIL United States. There is hope for you commenters.
Originally Posted by veikejas.
Even private schools like DePaul have the slootiest sloots of them all. This is seen across the nation, on a regular basis, in numerous unknown ways. College with sluttiest girls. Casual, sexual encounters without the pressure of a relationship makes it easy for many people to explore different types of relationships without the stress of commitment.
I went out that night and had a feel with some other guy. Sarah rafferty topless. Originally Posted by CowardBrah. Nov 25th, Chicago brah Checking in. The ATF Store 3 years ago. Gave some webcam shows to strangers. VandyConservative 3 years ago. Like most schools on the list, the STD rate in the area blows everywhere else out of the water.
Robots gasp and nobody else cares. Not a lot of other schools had any real quantifiable stats about the sexual activities of their students except for Wisconsin. Middle aged crossdressers. Students know that when going out to a bar or party on campus, women are expected to wear tight fitting clothing as they wobble on sky-high heels over to the keg.
Was that even legal for the guy? All times are GMT He dragged his finger through his cum and wiped it on my tongue then we went back to work. Other two males fool around in corner.
Wats Paulie saying in that gif. Originally Posted by beaver Girl's nick name was Headhunter Holly. IndianapolisIN United States. There must be a distinction between straight-out drinkin' schools and slut schools. I just recently purchased a Brand new BMW since getting a check for dollar this 7-week past. ImHereForTheGangbang 2 years ago. New video evidence in death of 7 year old detroit girl contradicts police stories I always had a girlfriend in High School, and there was this one girl who made it known that she was into me even though she had a boyfriend as well.
That morning an old lover invited himself over again great sex, he left. Your boyfriend is an idiot. Three times higher on campus than the state of Florida average not some normal state, Florida!
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Modern Air Solutions is a proud partner of the leading innovator of IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) products. For over 30 years RGF Environmental Group, Inc. has been a leader in Advanced Oxidation Technology, proven and tested to be extremely effective in destroying mold, odors, bacteria and viruses. RGF holds numerous patents and patents-pending including the recently introduced "Made in the USA" product, the most effective in-duct air purifier on the market, the REME HALO®.
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