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App Kardecpedia
App Kardecpedia
The Spiritist Review - Journal of Psychological Studies - 1859
Allan Kardec
Letter to HM Prince G
Mr. Adrien, clairvoyant medium
The Elf of Bayonne
Family Conversations from Beyond the Grave
The guardian angels
A forgotten night or Manouze, the witch (cont.)
Spiritist aphorisms and select thoughts
Parisian Society of Spiritist Studies
Hurdles to the mediums
The Agénères (non-entity
My Friend Hermann
Noisy spirits - how to get rid of them?
Dissertation from Beyond the Grave - Infancy
Correspondence - Loudéac, December 20 1858
A forgotten night or Manouze, the witch (cont.)
Study about the mediums
Self-serving mediums
Phenomenon of transfiguration
Family Conversations from Beyond the Grave
Paul Gaimard
Mrs. Reynaud
Hitoti, a Tahitian chef
An Elf
Pliny, The Young Man
Letter to Sura (Book VII – Letter 27)
Answers given by Pliny to questions addressed to him at the Society, on January 28th, 1859
Portrayal of the Spirit's Life
Spiritist Frauds
Moral Problem – The Cannibals
Commercial Enterprises and Spiritism
Family Conversations from Beyond the Grave
Benvenuto Cellini
Girard de Codemberg
Poitevin, the airman
Poetic thoughts
Paid Somnambulists
Spiritist Aphorism and Select Thoughts
Scenes of the Spirit's Private Life
Music from Beyond the Grave
Intermediate or Transient Worlds
Bond between Body and Spirit
L'Univers (The Universe) Article – A Rebuttal
The Spirits' Book among the South American Natives
Spiritist Axioms and Select Thoughts
The Cracking Muscle
Spiritism and Science
Family Conversations from Beyond the Grave
Mr. Humboldt
Black Father Cesar
The Princess of Rebinine
Major Georges Sydenham
Parisian Society of Spiritist Studies
Bulletin of the Parisian Society of Spiritist Studies
Family Conversations from Beyond the Grave
News from the War
A High-Ranking Officer Killed in Magenta
Answer to the Reply of Abbot Chesnel
What is Spiritism?
Furniture from Beyond the Grave
Pneumatography or Direct Writing
A Servant Spirit
Mrs. Mally's Guide
Family Conversations from Beyond the Grave - Voltaire and Frederic
Bulletin of the Parisian Society of Spiritist Studies
To Mr. L… de Limoges
Process to Send the Bad Spirits Away
Confessions of Voltaire
Family Conversations from Beyond the Grave - Voltaire and Frederic
An Officer from the Italian Army
General Hoche
Death of a Spiritist
The Storms - Role of the Spirits in the Natural Phenomena
The Home of a Spiritist Family
Spiritist Aphorisms and Select Thoughts
The Miracles
Magnetism Recognized by the Judiciary
Inert Mediums
Bulletin of the Parisian Society of Spiritist Studies
Spiritist Society in the XVIII century
Family Conversations from Beyond the Grave
The Flying Tables
Should We Publish Everything the Spirits Say?
Unintentionally Medium
Swedenborg's Communication as promised in the session of the Society, on September 16th
The Errant Soul
The Spirit and the Juror
Warning from Beyond the Grave
The Convulsive of Saint-Médard
Observations Regarding the Word Miracle
Warning from Beyond the Grave
Response to Mr. Oscar Comettant
Effects of Prayer
A Spirit that does not acknowledge his death
Doctrine of Reincarnation Among the Hindus
Family Conversations from Beyond the Grave
Celebrated Traveler Mrs. Ida Pfeiffer
Privat d'Anglemont
Dirkse Lammers
Michel François
Spontaneous Communications at the Society
The boy and the creek (parable)
The three blinds (parable)
External Communications Read at the Society
A Former Drayman
Bulletin of the Parisian Society of Spiritist Studies
The Convulsionaries of Saint Médard (cont.)
Spiritist Axioms and Select Thoughts
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Speech given at the closing of the social year 1858-59
Ladies and Gentlemen, At the time of expiration of your social year, allow me to present a short summary of the status and works of the Society.
You know its origin. It was formed without a pre-established design, without a preconceived project. A few friends gathered at my house in a small group; step-by-step those friends asked me for permission to introduce their friends. There was no president then. Those were intimate gatherings, of eight to ten people, as there are to the hundreds in Paris and elsewhere. It was natural that I had the direction of what happened at my house, as a consequence of being the owner and of the studies that I had carried out, which gave me certain experience in the matter.
The interest produced by those meetings increased, although we did not get involved but with serious things. The number of attendees grew gradually, one by one, and my modest living room was no longer adequate to an assembly, becoming insufficient. It was then that some among you proposed that we should look for another place, a more adequate, and that we should pool resources in order to cover for the expenses, since they did
not think that it was fair that I would take care of everything as of up until that moment.
However, in order to gather regularly, beyond a certain number of persons and in a different place, it was necessary to comply with the legal requirements, have regulations, and consequently, a formal president. Finally, it was necessary to constitute a society. It was what happened, with the agreement of the authorities whose benevolence has not failed us. It was also necessary to give a methodic and uniform direction to the works, so that you thought appropriate to assign to me the work I was already doing in my house, in our private sessions. I dedicated to my functions, that I can call laborious, all the accuracy and devotement that I was capable of doing. From the administrative point of view I endeavored to maintain the sessions in a rigorous order, ensuring a serious character, without which the prestige of the serious assembly would have soon disappeared. Now that my task is over and that the kickoff has been given, I must communicate to you the resolution I have made to resign, for the future, to any function in the Society, even the one of director of studies. I don't ambition any title but that of a simple regular member, with which I will always feel happy and honored. The reason for my decision resides in the multiplicity of my duties which increase daily, given the size of my network of contacts and also because, besides the work you know, I prepare other more considerable publications that require laborious studies, which will take no less than ten years.
Well, the Society's activities take a lot of my time in the preparation, coordination and final editing of the material. Furthermore, they also require an assiduity that sometimes interferes with my personal activities, making it indispensable an almost exclusive dedication to what you have assigned me. That is the reason, ladies and gentlemen, that made me take the word so often, in several of those occasions regretting the fact we were deprived from the lights of distinguished and enlightened members. It has been since some time now that I wanted to resign from my functions. On
several occasions I have explicitly indicated such desire here, as well as in private, to several colleagues, notably to Mr. Ledoyen. I would have done it earlier, not afraid of causing inconvenience to the Society by leaving in the middle of the year, but that could give the impression of defection. We needed not to give that pleasure to our critics. I then had to carry my task to the end. However, now that such motives no longer exist, I promptly communicate my resolution to you, so as not to preclude you from making the choice you must. It is only fair that each one may share the honors and duties.
The Society has seen its importance grow rapidly in one year. The number of regular members tripled in a few months. You have multiple corresponding members in the two continents and the number of inperson observers is beyond the possible limit, had we not established the strict observation of the regulations as a threshold. You have noticed the presence of the highest social dignitaries and many distinguished figures among the latter ones. The hurry in requesting admission to your sessions demonstrates the interest there is on attending them, despite the absence of any experimentation aiming at satisfying curiosity, and even perhaps due to its simplicity. If not all of them leave here convinced, what would actually be wishing for the impossible, the serious persons, those who do not come with a preconceived demeaning idea, those take home such an impression about the seriousness of your works that predisposes them to study these questions even further. As a matter of fact, we should not but applaud the restriction in the admission of strangers. Thus, we avoid a crowd of inconvenient curiosity. The steps you have taken to limit the admission of strangers to certain meetings, saving the others exclusively to the members of the Society, resulted in more freedom to your studies, which could have been impaired by the presence of non-initiated persons of uncertain sympathy.
Such restrictions will seem very natural to those who know the objective of our institution and who know that we are, before anything, a Society of studies and research and not a vehicle of propaganda. That is why we do not admit in our ranks those who would make us waste our
time in endlessly repeated elemental demonstrations, for not having the first notions of the science.
No doubt we all wish the propagation of the ideas that we profess since we all consider them useful and each one of us contributes towards that. We know, however, that conviction can only be acquired through continuous observation and never by some isolated facts, without continuity and reasoning, against which incredulity may always raise objections. One will say that a fact is always a fact. It is an unbreakable argument, no doubt, as long as it is not disputed or disputable. When the fact is beyond the limits of our own ideas and knowledge, at first sight it seems impossible. The more extraordinary the fact is, the more objections it raises. That is why they are contested. The person who probes the causes and finds them also finds the basis and the very reason for the existence of the fact; understands its possibility and since then no longer rejects it. Many times a fact is only intelligible through its connection to other facts. Taken in isolation it may seem strange, incredible and even absurd. But if it is one link of the chain, if it has a rational basis, if it can be explained, all anomalies will disappear.
Well, in order to understand such connection, to comprehend the whole to which we are led from consequence to consequence, it is necessary with all things – and perhaps even more with Spiritism – a series of rational observations. Reason is thus a powerful element of conviction, today more than ever, since the positive ideas lead us to know the why and the how of each and everything.
We are impressed by the persistence of the incredulity in matters of Spiritism, from people who have witnessed facts, whereas others who have not seen are firm believers. Should we say that these are superficial, who accept everything they are told without examination? It is much to the contrary. The former have seen but do not understand; the latter have not seen but understand, and understand because they reason.
The suite of reasons on which the facts are supported constitutes the science, a still imperfect science, that is true, whose apex nobody pretends to have been reached, but nevertheless it is a science in its beginning and
your studies support the research on everything which can broaden and establish that science.
This is what is important to be well known outside this room, making no mistake with respect to our objectives so that when people come here they do not expect to see a spectacle given by the spirits. Curiosity has a limit. When it is satisfied it looks for another distraction. The one who does not stop at the surface, who sees beyond the material effect, always finds something to learn. Reason is an endless, boundless source to them. Our line of conduct could not be better delineated than by the remarkable words addressed to us by the spirit of St. Louis, words which we should never forget:
"They mocked the turning tables but will never mock the philosophy, the wisdom and the charity that shine from the serious communications. May it be seen somewhere else, may it be heard somewhere else, but may there be understanding and love among you.
" The expression "may there be understanding among you" contains a whole teaching. We need to understand and we endeavor to understand since we don't want to believe like the blind. Reasoning is the light that guides us. But reason of an individual only may divert. That is why we wanted to gather in a Society so that we can mutually clarify one another through the reciprocal support of our ideas and observations. From that point of view we are similar to all other scientific institutions and our works will produce more serious proselytes than if we spent our time making the tables turn and rap. We would soon be fed up with that. Our thought requires a more solid food. That is why we try to penetrate the mysteries of the invisible world, whose first signs are those elemental phenomena. Do people who can read have fun by endlessly repeating the alphabet? It is possible that we might have more influx of curious people, succeeding in our sessions like images from a dynamic scenery. But those curious people who could not acquire an improvised conviction by seeing phenomena inexplicable to them, who would judge without investigating further, would rather be an obstacle to our works. That is why, not wishing to deviate from our scientific character, we keep away anyone who come to us without a serious objective.
Spiritism has so grave consequences; it touches questions of such a reach; gives the key to so many problems; it finally offers such a profound philosophical teaching that compared to it all, a turning table is a purely childish thing.
The observation of facts, without thought, we were saying, is insufficient to lead to a complete conviction. We could call lighthearted anybody who would declare to be convinced by a fact that was not understood. Such a system, however, has another inconvenience which must be pointed out and that each one of us may testify: it is the experimentation mania, as a natural consequence of the above.
Whoever observes a spiritist fact without having studied all its implications generally does not see more than the material fact. Then assess it from the standpoint of their own ideas, not considering that outside of the common laws there might be unknown laws. Judge to be able to maneuver with the fact at will; imposes conditions and will not be convinced, as they say, if the fact does not repeat in a given fashion, rather than in another one. Imagine that one can carry out experiences with the spirits as one does with the electrical battery. By not knowing their nature and how they react, since those were not studied, thinks that one can impose their will on those phenomena, imagining that they must act responding to a simple signal, for the simple pleasure of having them convinced. Because one is prepared to listen to them for fifteen minutes, one supposes that they should remain at their services.
These are mistakes not incurred by those who take the time to investigate further. They know the obstacles and do not ask for the impossible. Instead of trying to convince the spirits from their own point of view, something to which the spirits do not voluntarily submit to, they position themselves on the standpoint of the spirits, with which the phenomena change their aspects. In order to get there, one needs patience, perseverance and strong will power, without which nothing is achieved.
The one who really wants to know does need to submit oneself to the thing itself, not otherwise wanting it to submit to his conditions.
That is why the Society is not given to experimentations that would not yield result, since it is aware from experience that Spiritism, as any other Science, cannot be understood in a flash and in a few hours. As a serious Society, it does not wish to deal but with serious persons, who understand the duties imposed by such study, as long as one consciously wishes to do that. The Society does not recognize as serious those who say: Let me see a fact and I will be convinced.
Does it mean that we neglect the facts?
It is much to the contrary, since our whole science is based on facts. We investigate with interest every fact that offers matter for study or confirms the admitted principles. The only thing I want to say is that we waste no time in reproducing the facts that we already know, in the same way that a physicist does not enjoy repeating endlessly the experiments which teach him nothing new. We focus our investigations on everything that may illuminate our paths, preferring the intelligent communications, source of the Spiritist Philosophy and whose boundless field is much ampler than the purely material manifestations, which are of momentary interest only.
Two equally publically announced and practiced systems are presented regarding the mode by which the spiritist communications are received: some prefer to wait for the spontaneous communications; others provoke them through a direct appeal to this or that spirit. The former pretend that in the absence of control to establish the identity of the spirits, then waiting for their good will, we are less exposed to be led to err. Since the spirit speaks it is because he is present and wants to talk, whereas we would not be certain that the one we evoke could come and respond. The latter object, allowing the first one who shows up to speak, would be the same as opening the door to the good as well as to the bad spirits.
The uncertainty in the identity is not a serious objection, since we frequently dispose of means of ensuring that, and such a confirmation, besides, is object of a study related to the principles of the science. The spirit who communicates spontaneously is almost always limited to generalities
whereas the framed questions establish a more positive and constructive picture.
As for ourselves, we only condemn the exclusivity of systems. We know that excellent things are obtained in a way or another. If we prefer the second it is due to the fact that experience teaches us that the mystifying spirits do not refrain from painting themselves with respectable names, as much as in the evocations. They even have more room for maneuvering whilst with the questions we easily dominate them, not counting on the fact that the questions have an invaluable utility in the studies. It is to this mode of investigation that we owe the amount of observations collected daily, allowing us to penetrate more deeply into these extraordinary mysteries. The more we advance, the more the horizons open up, thus showing how vast is the field that we must harvest.
The numerous evocations that we made allowed an investigative eye over the invisible world, from one end to the other, from what there is of most insignificant to the most sublime. The uncountable variety of facts and characters that sprouted from those studies, carried out in profound calmness, with continuous attention and prudent circumspection of serious observers, opened up the arcane of this new world to us.
The order and the method applied into all of your researches were indispensable elements to the success.
In fact, you know from experience that it is not enough to call the spirit of this or that person, at random. The spirits do not come like that, at our will or caprice, and do not answer to everything that we are led to ask them by our own fantasies. In order to deal with the beings from beyond the grave, one needs skills and language adequate to their nature; to their moral qualities; to their degree of intelligence; to the position they occupy. We must be dominant or be submissive with them, according to the circumstances; show compassion to those who suffer; be humble and respectable with the superior ones; firm with the bad and stubborn ones that only dominate those who complacently listen to them. Finally, it is necessary to know how to methodically formulate and structure the questions, so as to obtain more explicit answers;
capture from the answers the nuances that sometimes are characteristic traces, important revelations, escaping the superficial, inexperienced or occasional observer.
The mode of conversation with the spirits is thus a true art that requires tact, knowledge about the terrain where we step onto, somehow constituting the practical Spiritism. Conveniently guided, the evocations may teach a lot. They offer a powerful element of interest, morality and conviction. Element of interest since they allow us to know the state of the world which awaits for us all, from which sometimes we have an extravagant idea; morality since we can see, by analogy, our future condition; conviction since we have in these private conversations the manifesting proof of the existence and individuality of the spirits, which are nothing else but our own souls, detached from the dense matter.
As long as your general opinion about Spiritism is formed, you have no need to found your convictions on the material proof of the physical manifestations. On another hand, advised by the spirits, you wanted to limit yourselves to the study of the principles and moral issues, without neglecting, however, the examination of the phenomena that may support the search for the truth.
The systematic criticism condemned upon us for accepting too easily the doctrines of certain spirits, particularly those related to scientific questions. Those persons show, for that very reason, that they do not know the true scope of the Spiritist science, nor the one to which we proposed, thus giving us the right of returning their criticism for the lightheartedness in their judgment.
One cannot certainly teach you the reservation with which we must receive everything that comes from the spirits. We are far from accepting all that they say as articles of faith. We know that there are all nuances of knowledge and moral among them. For us they form a whole population which presents varieties a hundred times greater than the one we notice among men. What we want is to study that population; to get to know and understand it. For that we study the individualities; we observe the subtle differences; we try to identify the distinct traces of their customs,
culture, habits and characters. Finally, we want to identify ourselves, as much as possible, with the state of that world.
Before we move into a dwelling we like to know how it is; if we will be comfortable there. We want to know the habits of the neighbors; the kind of society that we will participate. Well then! It is our future dwelling. The spirits allow us to know the habits of the people in whose environment we are going to live.
However, as among us there are ignorant and shortsighted people that have an incomplete idea about our material world and its environment, all strange to them, so are the spirits of limited moral horizon, who cannot comprehend the broad picture and are still under the domain of prejudices and systems. Those cannot, as a consequence, instruct us about everything that is related to the spiritual world, in the same way that a peasant could not do it with respect to the high society of Paris or to the scientific world. It would then be a sad assessment of our reason if thought that we listen to every spirit as if they were oracles.
The spirits are what they are and we cannot alter the order of things. As not all of them are perfect we do not accept their words but with reservation and never with a childish. We assess, compare and derive conclusions from what we observe. Even the mistakes of the spirits are teachings to us, since we do not resign to our own discernment.
These observations equally apply to all scientific theories that the spirits may give. It would be too easy if all we needed were to interrogate them to find the complete science and discover all technological secrets. We do conquer science but after hard work and research. The mission of the spirits is not to free us from that obligation. We do know, besides, that not all spirits know everything and that among them there are also pseudo-wise spirits, as there are among us, who think to know what they don't, talking about what they ignore with the most unperturbed audacity.
A spirit could then say that it is the Sun and not the Earth that turns. His theory would not be more exact just because it came from a spirit. Thus, may those who attribute to us such a puerile credulity know that we take the opinion issued by a spirit as a personal opinion; that we do
not accept it but after having submitted it to the control of logic and the means of investigation offered by the Spiritist science itself, means known by all of you!
Such is, ladies and gentlemen, the aim proposed by the Society. It is not up to me, for sure, to tell you, although it pleases me to recall it here, so that if my words have a repercussion out there, may anybody make no mistake with respect to its true meaning. As for myself, I feel happy having only had to follow you in this serious path that elevates Spiritism to the heights of the philosophical sciences. Your works have already produced fruits, however, those which will still be produced later are incalculable, as long as – and I have no doubts about that – you keep the adequate conditions in order to attract the good spirits to your environment.
The support of the good spirits, this is in effect the condition without which one cannot expect the truth. Well, that support depends on us. The first of all conditions to deserve their sympathy is privacy and purity of intentions. The serious spirits go wherever they are seriously called, with faith, fervor and trust. They do not like to be used in experiments, or to provide spectacles. On the contrary, they like to instruct those who interrogate them without preconceived ideas. The frivolous spirits, who make fun of everything, go everywhere and preferably to places where they have the opportunity to mystify. The bad ones are attracted by evil thoughts, and by evil thoughts we must understand all those that do not comply with the principles of the evangelical charity. Thus, whoever may bring to a meeting feelings which are contrary to those precepts, carry along spirits who wish to spread perturbation, disagreement and hostility.
The communion of thoughts and feelings towards the good is thus a crucial condition and it is not possible to find that communion in a heterogeneous environment, where inferior passions have access, like pride, envy and jealousy, passions always revealed by the malevolence and acrimony of the language, however thick the hiding veil may be, with which one attempts to disguise them.
This is the Spiritist Science 101. If we want to close the door of this room to the evil spirits, than we need to start by closing the door of our
hearts and let us avoid anything that may empower them against us. Had the Society one day become a toy in the hands of the deceiving spirits it would be for the fact that they were attracted to it! Attracted by whom? By those in whom they find echo, since they only go where they know they are going to be heard. We all know the proverb: "Show me your company and I will tell you who you are." We can parody it with respect to our sympathetic spirits, by saying: "Tell me what you think and I will tell who your spiritual companies are."
Well, thoughts are translated into actions. If we admit that discord, pride, envy and jealousy cannot be inspired but by bad spirits, those who would bring elements of disharmony here would attract obstacles, with which they would indicate the nature of their hidden satellites. Then we could only regret their presence in the heart of the Society. God willing – so I hope – this will never happen, and also supported by the good spirits, if we make ourselves favorable to them, the Society will consolidate by both the deserved consideration and by the utility of its works.
If we were only aiming at experiences for the satisfaction of our curiosity, the nature of the communications would be more or less indifferent, considering that we would only see in them what they are. However, since we are not looking for entertainment to us or to the public, but true communications is what we really want, we do need the sympathy of the good spirits for that, a sympathy that can only be conquered by those who keep the bad spirits away by the sincerity of their hearts.
Saying that the frivolous spirits have never meddled among us, in order to cover for any vulnerability from our side, it would be too much presumption of perfection. The superior spirits can even allow that to happen in order to test our perspicacity and our zeal in the search for the truth. Our reasoning, however, must keep us on guard against the traps that can be set against us, providing the means of avoiding them in all cases.
The objective of the Society is not only the research on the principles of the Spiritist science. It goes further. It also studies their moral
consequences since it is particularly on those consequences that its true utility resides.
Our studies teach us that the invisible world that surrounds us interacts constantly with the visible world, being one of the forces of nature. Wouldn't that be the key to many problems to get to know the effects of such an occult force, which dominates and subjugates us, irrespective of our will; the explanation of a number of facts that go unnoticed? If those effects can be dismal, knowing the cause of the problem wouldn't be a means of avoiding them, as the knowledge about the properties of electricity has given us the means of mitigating the disastrous effects of lightning? If we then succumb we cannot complain but about ourselves, once ignorance will not serve us as an excuse. The danger lies with the empire that the bad spirits exert onto people, which is not only a bleak thing from the point of view of the mistaken principles that they can propagate, but also from the point of view of the interests of the material life. Experience tells that we are never left unpunished under the domination of the bad spirits, for their intentions can never be good. One of their tactics to achieve their aim is discord since they know well that they can easily dominate whoever has no support. Thus, their first action when they want to control someone is to inspire mistrust and isolation, so that nobody can unmask them by clarifying the person giving sound advices. Once in control, they can fascinate the person with seducing promises; subjugate by flattering their inclinations, taking advantage of any weak spot which they may find, making that person feel the bitterness of deception later; hurt in their relationships; humiliated in their pride and, many times, elevate that person for a split second, only to be left alone on a free fall from a higher position.
Those are, ladies and gentlemen, the things that we learned from the examples that unfolds every time before our eyes, both in the world of the spirits and in the corporeal world, circumstance that we can use to ourselves, at the same time trying to make it useful to others.
Nevertheless, some will ask if we are not going to attract the bad spirits by the evocation of people who were the scum of society.
No, because we never suffer their influence. There will only be danger when it is the spirit that imposes itself; never when we impose to the spirit, though. Know this that such spirits do not attend your call unless they are constrained and forced; that generally feel so much awkward in your environment that are always in a hurry to leave. Their presence is a study to us, for it is necessary to see everything in order to know. The doctor cannot reach the summit of knowledge without probing the most difficult situations.
The doctor comparison is so appropriate when you consider what we have done to cure the suffering and alleviated pain from a spiritual perspective Our duty is to present ourselves charitable and benevolent towards the beings from beyond the grave as we do our fellow human beings.
Ladies and gentlemen, I would personally feel extraordinarily privileged had I been exempted from criticism. We cannot be in this situation without being exposed to the darts of those who do not think as we do. There are, however, two kinds of criticism: one that is malevolent, acerbic, poisoned, in which jealousy betrays itself in every word; the other that aims at the sincere search for the truth, has absolutely diverse characteristics. The first one only deserves disdain. I have never bothered with that. It is only the other one that is arguable.
Some people said that I was too precipitated with the spiritist theories; that time was not right to establish them, since the observations were not complete.
Allow me a few words about the subject.
There are two things to consider with respect to Spiritism: the experimental part and the philosophical or theoretical part.
Abstraction made of the teachings of the spirits; I ask if I don't have the right to imagine, as many others do, a philosophical system. Isn't the field of opinions open to everyone? Why then I cannot bring about my own ideas? It is up to the public to judge if it makes sense or does not.
But that theory, instead of conferring me any merit, if any, I declare that it comes entirely from the spirits.
Q - Be it, some will say, but that is too much.
A - Those who pretend to give the key to the mysteries of creation; unveil the principles of all things and the infinite nature of God do not go further than I do, I who declare, in the name of the spirits, that it is not given to man the investigation of such things about which we can only make more or less likely conjectures.
Q - You are moving too fast.
A - But would it be a mistake to be ahead of certain persons? As a matter of fact, who is holding them back, preventing them from walking?
Q - The facts are not sufficiently observed yet.
A - How come? Right or wrong I believe having observed them sufficiently. Must I wait for the good will of those who are behind? My publications block the way to nobody.
Q - Since the spirits may be wrong how can you be certain that the spirits who gave you the instructions are not mistaken?
A - In fact, the whole question resides in that point, once the objection of precipitation is too puerile. Well! I must say that my confidence is founded on the truthfulness and superiority of the spirits that instructed me. To begin with I will say that according to their advice I accept nothing without control and examination. I only adopt an idea when it seems logical, rational and in agreement with the facts and observations, and as long as nothing may seriously contradict it. My judgment, however, could not be an infallible criterion. The approval I got from people that are more enlightened than I am give me the first guarantee. But I find another one not less preponderant in the character of the communications, since I have been involved with Spiritism. It has never – I can say – escaped a single of those words, of those signs through which the inferior spirits always betray themselves, even the smartest ones. They never intend domination; never wrong advices or advices contrary to charity and benevolence; never
ridiculous prescriptions. Far from that, I have only found great, noble, sublime thoughts, exempt from greed and petty feelings. In one word, their relationship with me, both in small as well as in great things, have always been such that had it been a man who was talking to me I would consider him the best, the wisest, the most prudent, the most moralized and enlightened person.
Ladies and gentlemen, these are the reasons for my confidence, reinforced by the identity of the teachings given to a large number of other people, before and after the publication of my books. The future will tell if I am right or wrong. Meanwhile I believe to have helped the progress of Spiritism, by carrying some bricks to the building. By showing that the facts may be based on reason I would have contributed to make it leave the path of frivolous curiosity, making it enter the serious road of demonstration, the only one capable of satisfying people who think and who do not stay on the surface of things.
I finish, ladies and gentlemen, by the quick scrutiny of a current issue.
It is about other societies that would supposedly wish to rival with ours.
Some say that one of them already counts on 300 members and that it has considerable financial resources. I want to believe it is not swaggering, so much not commendable to the spirits who may have given rise to that as to those who echoed it. If it is a reality we sincerely congratulate them, as long as it obtains the required unity of feelings to frustrate the influence of the bad spirits and consolidate its existence.
I completely ignore the elements of the society or societies that they say are forming. I will only make a general observation.
There are in Paris, as elsewhere, a number of private meetings, as ours once was, where the spiritist manifestations are treated more or less seriously, not to mention the United States where they happen in the thousands. I know some in which the evocations occur under the best conditions and where remarkable things are obtained. It is the natural consequence of the increase in the number of mediums that develop
everywhere, despite the sarcasm. The more we advance, the more such centers multiply.
Spontaneously formed by a small number of elements and variables, these centers have nothing of fixed or regular and do not constitute proper societies. A regularly organized society requires conditions of vitality that are completely diverse, as a consequence of the number of people which form it, their stability and permanence. The first of those conditions is the homogeneity of principles and the way of seeing things. Every society that is formed by heterogeneous elements has the germen of dissolution. We can consider it born-dead, whatever its objective: political, religious, scientific or economical.
A spiritist society requires another condition – the assistance of the good spirits – if we want to obtain serious communications, since from the bad spirits, if we allow them to stand, we will not obtain but lies, deceptions and mystification. That is the price of its own existence, because the bad spirits will be the first agents of its destruction. They will gradually undermine it, in case they do not destroy it up front.
Without homogeneity there will not be communion of thoughts thus calmness and seclusion will not be possible. Well, the good spirits only present themselves under those conditions. How can we find them in a meeting where the beliefs are divergent, in which some do not even believe and, as a consequence, the spirit of opposition and controversy incessantly dominates? They only assist the ones who ardently wish to be instructed toward the good, without second intentions, and not to satisfy a vain curiosity.
Wishing to form a spiritist society outside of those conditions would be the same as giving proof of the most absolute ignorance regarding the elemental principles of Spiritism.
Would we then be the only ones capable of forming them? It would be very impertinent and even ridiculous for us to think so. Others can certainly do what we have done. May other societies then deal with works similar to ours, may they prosper and multiply. The more the better since it will be a sign of progress of the moral ideas. This is even better if they are supported and receiving good communications, a condition that we
cannot pretend to have the sole privilege. As we aim at our personal instruction and at the interest of the Spiritist science, may our society hide no idea, no direct or indirect speculation, no ambition and may its existence do not rest on questions of money. May other societies be considered our sisters and not competitors! If we are envious then we will give indication that bad spirits support us. If one of them is formed to rival against us, with the preconceived idea of overcoming us, from its objective it would be revealing the very nature of the spirits presiding over its formation, since such a thought would not be good, nor charitable, and the good spirits do not sympathize with the feelings of hatred, envy and ambition.
As a matter of fact, we have an infallible means of not been afraid of any rivalry. It has been given to us by St. Louis: May there be understanding and love among you, he said. Let us then work in order to understand one another. Let us fight the others but with charity and abnegation. May the love to the neighbor be written in our flag and may it be our slogan. With that we will dare the mockery and the influence of the bad spirits. They may equal us with that respect and that will be better since they are brothers that come close to us. It is up to us, however, to never be overtaken.
But some may say: you have a way of seeing things that is not ours. We cannot sympathize with principles that we do not admit because nothing demonstrates that you are with the truth. I will then respond: nothing demonstrates that you are more right than we are once you still doubt and the doubt is not a doctrine. We can diverge in opinion about certain points of the science without biting or stoning one another, which would be unworthy and not much scientific. Do your research then, from your side, as we have done from ours. The future will tell who is right. If we are wrong we will not have the silly self-love of persisting on false ideas. There are, however, principles about which we have the certainty of not been mistaken: the love of righteousness, the abnegation, and the abjuration of every feeling of envy and jealousy.
These are our principles with which is always possible to sympathize without compromising. It is the
bond that must unite all good individuals, whatever their divergence of opinion. Only selfishness creates an unsurpassable barrier between them. These are, ladies and gentlemen, the observations that I believed I had to present when leaving the functions that you have assigned to me. From the bottom of my heart I thank all of those who have given me their testimonies of sympathy. Whatever happens, my life is dedicated to the work that we have undertaken and I will feel happy if my efforts may help it enter the serious path that is its essence, the only one that may safeguard its future.
The objective of Spiritism is to improve those who understand it. Let us try to set the example and show that the Doctrine is not a dead letter to us. In one word, let us be worthy of the good spirits if we want their assistance. The good is an armor against which all weapons of malevolence will always break.
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I don't belong anywhere. I belong everywhere.
I have recently come to terms with the fact that for the rest of my life I will always be missing out on something.
- When I am dancing the night away with friends, I miss having dinner with my family in Atlanta.
- When I head to the US for a month to welcome my niece to the world, I am missing sitting in my favorite park in Berlin.
- When I am catching up with friends from high school, I am missing snuggling my puppy in Tucson.
FOMO: Fear Of Missing Out
Sure, I suffer from FOMO when trying to decide what to do in an evening:"Which event should I attend tonight?"
These kinds of decisions aren't as hard to make because usually the answer can be determined by asking this simple question: "How much does it cost?"
This decision is not so easy, however, when trying to answer heavier questions such as: "Do I want to watch my niece grow up first hand or through a shoddy Skype connection?"
Luckily, I have been battling FOMO for quite some time and have since learned how to calm this nagging beast.
We live in exciting times. Being everywhere at once is somewhat possible with the magic of technology, however, this option doesn't come without sacrifices. There is a possibility that you will spread yourself too thin, which may result in living a shallow, lonely life. YIKES!
Rest assured, I have finally figured out how to stay settled internally while living many lives at once. No matter where I am jaunting off to next, I make sure to always incorporate the following so that I never stray too far from myself or my values; exercise, music, and communication.
- Exercise helps me to stay connected to my physical self.
- Music helps me to balance my emotions and center my thoughts.
- Communication helps me to feel connected to loved ones, not matter where I am. I never feel too far from my friends or family if I have the option to send them a simple "what's up" text.
In addition, if I want to keep being the happiest Nicole possible, I must continue to pay tribute to all the parts that make me whole. This means, that I will probably always be bouncing between the cities of Tucson, Atlanta, and Berlin.
- I have desert bones — I feel most calm when the Saguaro sun wraps her rays around me, strengthening the core of the woman I have worked so hard to be.
- I have Southern roots — I feel most nostalgic when the heavy Georgian air fills my lungs, grounding me back down to Earth.
- I have German blood — I feel most like myself when the plane touches down in Berlin, reminding me that moving here was the best decision of my life.
Sure, I will always be saying goodbye, but it also means I will always be saying hello. In fact, I'm not really "missing out" at all— I always have a loved one to catch up with, a nostalgic food to eat, or a new story to tell.
I don't belong to anyone. I belong to everyone.
I don't belong anywhere. I belong everywhere.

subset: commoncrawl


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This content is sponsored by Herbal Essences — all opinions are my own.
My Story: The Diagnosis
I was 22 years old when I found out I was going blind.
It started as a joke. One day while driving in his car, my boyfriend at the time noticed I had really poor peripheral vision. We used to laugh about it… he'd hold things up on either side of my head, and we'd show friends how I couldn't see them. I thought it was nothing more than a quirk — like having crooked teeth or freckles or a dry sense of humor. I certainly didn't think there was anything wrong, until one day in a routine eye exam, an optometrist told me I had the worst peripheral vision of anyone she'd encountered. I was referred to an ophthalmologist, who told me my pigment was clumping. An art student at the time, 'pigment' meant the colorful stuff I slapped on my canvasses. I asked the doctor what he meant, and he curtly replied, "Well, the pigment in your eye. It's clumping." No further explanation was offered, and I had no idea what he meant. I was referred to a retinal specialist in San Francisco, who was so booked out I didn't get an appointment until four months later.
When I finally met Dr. Duncan of UCSF, I learned I probably had an incredibly rare degenerative eye condition called retinitis pigmentosa, but it would be months of testing before my formal diagnosis came through in 2010: I did indeed have RP, as it's more commonly referred to. There was no treatment, no cure, and seemingly no hope. Perhaps an even more difficult pill to swallow: giving up driving. While I technically wasn't legally blind yet (and am still not today), my parents and doctor agreed it was not safe for me to be on the roads.
And just like that, I went from a young, independent woman pursuing a career in visual arts, to a visually impaired bus passenger.
All I thought about was my future: what kind of career could I pursue without vision (art seemed out of the question), how was I going to get around, and most importantly, would I ever be healed? I was launched into a strange, lonely world full of questions and little answers.
Of course, what doesn't kill you makes you stronger — in fact, in many ways, my visual impairment has been the very thing that's propelled me to push and fight harder than I otherwise would have. I don't take a single day for granted. But admittedly, it hasn't been an easy journey.
Retinitis Pigmentosa
RP is difficult to explain. The disease, which is a genetic mutation that sometimes runs in families (although not mine), is present in the retina, or the backside layer of the eye: the part that's responsible for converting light into electrical impulses that travel along the optic nerve and connect to the brain, resulting in what we call seeing. My retinas are dying, slowly, from the outside in. While normally sighted people have approximately 180 degrees of vision from side-to-side and top-to-down, I've regressed to less than 40 degrees all the way around. So, while my central vision is excellent, my peripheral vision is all but gone. I still have enough vision to function for the most part on the day-to-day… I can hike, watch movies, read, shoot photos, walk through airports, and so much more unassisted by a cane. But, I can't see high fives or handshakes. I've stepped on more dogs and babies than I care to admit. I have scars all over my body from bumping into things that were out of my peripherary. My night vision is also pretty awful — I'm at the point where I can't walk by myself at night without assistance. There are other, smaller side effects, but these are the symptoms that impact my life in the most obvious ways.
It's worth pointing out that you can't necessarily tell I'm visually impaired upon interacting with me. Sometimes even my closest friends and family members forget I have RP. I've gotten really good at scanning, being aware of my environment, situating myself in restaurants or other crowded places where I have the best visibility, and relying on my hearing to know what's going on around me. I also live an incredibly active lifestyle: biking, acting in theatre, snowboarding and trail running are a few of my favorite activities, although admittedly I do need to go rather slow and approach each with a bit of caution. Sometimes even I forget that I don't have "normal" vision!
Hope for the Future
The good news (yes there's good news!) is this: it's highly unlikely I will ever go completely blind. Even in the eight years since my diagnosis, incredible advances have been made in the field of degenerative retinal conditions in genetic testing, the prosthetic retina, and stem cell research. I've been fortunate enough to even participate in a clinical trial at UCSF, hosted by my ophthalmologist. While regaining lost vision is less likely, I am confident I will be able to see the faces of my grandchildren someday… which I'm unspeakably grateful for. There are others out there with symptoms worse than mine, whose lives are far more impacted, who don't live in places with dependable healthcare.
Today is World Sight Day — an incredibly important day to me, as I celebrate the advances being made here in the US and around the world in vision care, as well as increased awareness and funding around conditions like mine. I love that in today's day and age, more and more brands are focused on radical inclusion, and making subtle changes in their products that make them easier for disabled individuals to use. One such brand is Herbal Essences.
Radically Inclusive
Today, Herbal Essences announced new shampoo and conditioner bottles for their bio: renew collections that are friendlier for the visually impaired. As you might imagine, since most shower products feel exactly the same, as a blind person, it can be difficult to distinguish which is which: these new shampoo bottles have raised stripe etchings on the back, and conditioner bottles have raised circle etchings. These subtle differences, hardly noticeable to the everyday consumer, can make a world of difference in the day-to-day routines for the blind and visually impaired… or even just those who can't see very well in the shower without their glasses or contacts!
Herbal Essences partnered with their Special Consultant for Inclusive Design, Sumaira "Sam" Latif, who has been with the company for over 18 years and is herself blind due to retinitis pigmentosa, the same condition I have. Her unique perspective lit the spark for the idea, which was refined by working with a focus group of visually impaired consumers, representing the 253 million people worldwide — 23 million of whom live in the US — who face challenges associated with vision impairment every day.
"Imagine the daily challenges, like getting dressed in the morning or simply taking a shower after a long day. You don't really know which bottle the shampoo, conditioner, or soap is… you have to get creative. I used to put an elastic band around shampoo or sellotape on conditioner to remind me," says Latif, speaking from personal experience. And as it relates to the bottle design, she says the intention was clear: "It was important that we invent a universally recognizable tactile feature. Less than 10% of blind people actually know Braille."
Thank you to Herbal Essences for partnering with me on this blog post, and more importantly, thank you so much for recognizing the importance of creating products with accessibility for everyone. Speaking from someone who struggles with the lifelong implications of having an incurable disease that most people have never heard of, it's refreshing to see space being made in our world today for people like me.
Learn more about Herbal Essences' radically inclusive new packaging here and keep a look out for them in January 2019 when they hit shelves.


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Aaron Carter apparently has a few regrets in his life. One of them was letting Hilary Duff slip between his fingers.
If you didn't grow up in the late 90s/early 2000s, then you probably have no idea what we're talking about right now. Carter and Duff were an item during their days at Disney, that is, until Aaron decided to cheat on the singer with Lindsay Lohan. Not surprisingly, this brought their three-year relationship to a crashing halt.
Young love often dies hard, or in Aaron Carter's case, not at all. Although Duff has since moved on with her life, the guy who once beat Shaq recently felt the need to share some personal information with his fans and followers on Twitter. In short: Carter really wishes he hadn't screwed everything up with Duff.
"Don't be that stupid douche that loses the love of your life forever. Like me." Aaron recently tweeted with zero prompting from anyone.
He later added, "I'll spend the rest of my life trying to better myself to get back to her. I don't care what any of you think."
Since celebrities who share personal information on the micro-blogging site often find themselves the center of ridicule from just about everyone on the planet, it didn't take long for folks to start making fun of Aaron Carter. Understandably frustrated by the negative responses, the rapper decided to address the backlash with yet another tweet.
"That tweet just gave me an anxiety attack. People who have no idea who I am and/or what I've been through. If you're that interested watch my interviews or Google me," he wrote in response to all the 140-character hate.
Curious to see some of the stuff people are saying about Aaron Carter on Twitter? Check out some of the embedded tweets below.
I hope everyone saw that Aaron Carter is trying to win Hilary Duff back and with that the world is officially going back to the 90's.
— Brittany Rivera (@kindamoviesnob) March 7, 2014
Aaron Carter's net worth is… negative 2 million dollars. pic.twitter.com/GgasL4C22J
— The Masked Gorilla (@MaskedGorilla) March 6, 2014
Is nobody going to talk about Aaron Carter's breakdown over losing Hillary Duff or no…? pic.twitter.com/uN8YgEkPgr
— Girl Code (@GirI_Code) March 6, 2014
Aaron Carter says his biggest regret is breaking up with Hilary Duff… Does he remember how he used to cut his hair?
— carly. (@carlyj3nnif3r) March 11, 2014
These exams are going to go about as well as Aaron Carter's attempt to get Hilary Duff back.
#allbad #fail
— gabs. (@gbmenard) March 11, 2014
What do you think about Aaron Carter trying to win back the love of his life? Do you think there's a chance he'll succeed in his quest?
[Image via Onward State]


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The reason? On the off chance that you stop and consider the cost you're paying to acquire included customers as far as time or cash, you can begin to settle on better choices about how and where to put those assets.
The training is particularly essential for new entrepreneurs who have a tendency to have more restricted means, as well as don't by and large enroll a benefit from another client until the point when the fifth of 6th buy. What's more, without a stable of clients to tap for rehash buys, being more cautious about where you employ your restricted assets can just serve you.
- Advertising. The key to advertising successfully is to generate promising leads in exchange for the money you spend. To do so, it helps to offer a message that not only hits on your target customers, but also showcases the value you can offer them.
Take television, for example. In general, TV will be your most expensive option. But targeting based on programming instead of channels or networks — that is, placing ads on "Cooking with Joe" versus a campaign on a cooking network — offers a more specific outlet for your resources. Radio also allows you to selectively target formats and programming. And even in large metro areas, you can often score inexpensive sponsorships of weather or traffic reports.
And though newspaper subscribership has dwindled in recent years, depending on your market, they're still a worthy option for attracting new customers. If your target market is, say, people aged 55 or older, you may want to consider community papers or niche publications as older consumers still rely on them for information.
But even older people are increasingly turning to the Web — making it a definite jumping off point for any advertising strategy. To tap into this medium, your first step is to establish a Web presence if you don't have one already. Then, depending on your target customer — consumers at large or other businesses — pick your Web channel. LinkedIn, for instance, is a mainstay among businesses, CEOs and other owners and entrepreneurs, while Facebook remains wildly popular among consumers.
- Networking and referrals. Landing referrals from networking or past business associations isn't just a cheap way to pick up new business. It's also a way to pick up customers with the highest retention rates. What's more, referral customers tend to purchase more over time and in turn become a source of additional referrals.
How do you find referrals? Beyond having a product or service that's in demand, you must have a clear idea of who your "perfect" or "ideal" customer is. way, you can communicate to others in your network what type of customer you're looking for. You can also focus your own products or services to meet the needs, wants or desires of that very specific profile.
Then, you need to ask for referrals from satisfied customers. Be sure to also find ways to continually thank your sources for their ongoing advocacy of your business.
Read More : Easy Tips For Chatting With Your Customers
- Teaming up. Another way to leverage available resources is through what's known as a "host-beneficiary" arrangement. In this arrangement, another business with the same target customer will use their database to promote your business.
They might attach a gift voucher or other discount offer for your products at the end of one of a newsletter or mailing. Examples of this include: a high-end hair salon and a high-end car dealership or an attorney and an accountant. To draw in another business, offer to pay for the business owner's mailing or email expenses, or offer the business owner commission on any sales.
- Strategic Alliances. You might take that partnership a step further and form what's known in the industry as a "strategic alliance." While a host beneficiary relationship is generally a one-time or short-term commitment, strategic alliances can sometimes last for many years. For instance, a Web designer and an ad agency might send each other referrals for clients who need added services.
As long as there's continued value to the shared audience, strategic alliances produce streams of referral business, which is ultimately what will benefit you most over time.


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I am a writer and multimedia artist based in Boston, MA. I live with my partner + collaborator, John West, and our cat, Geryon. I am the managing editor of the podcast MINISTRY OF IDEAS and an editor at the online publication BELLO COLLECTIVE, where I write about the podcast industry.
I am currently seeking representation for my debut novel.
I am available for freelance writing and editing work.
BA: Oberlin College
MFA: School of the Art Institute of Chicago


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Capture the Flag - list of restricted abilities
A list of all restricted abilities in the revamped Capture the Flag mode introduced with the Lunar New Year event.
In the latest developer update, Overwatch game director Jeff Kaplan explained that they needed to implement new rules to improve the CTF mode. The restricted abilities will balance some heroes considered overpowered in the previous version and lead to a more competitive gameplay.
No restrictions.
No restrictions.
Boosters and Self-Destruct restricted.
You can use Call Mech while holding the flag, but losing your mech will drop it.
All his abilities are restricted.
You will drop the flag even when just charging Rocket Punch.
Dash is restricted.
You can climb walls and double jump without dropping the flag.
No restrictions.
Concussion Mine is partially restricted. You can use this ability without issues, but if you try to boost yourself the flag will drop.
Amp It Up is restricted only while Crossfade is set to amplify the movement speed. There is no way to utilize this ability: if you Amp it Up while in regeneration mode, and then switch to speed mode, the flag will drop on the ground.
Wall riding works, and thus also the speed you gain from jumping, meaning Lucio is the fastest hero in the game for carrying the flag.
Undoubtedly, Lucio is the best hero for CTF as he can freely Amp It Up while in speed mode when a teammate is holding the flag.
Note: Jeff Kaplan announced that from the next patch Lucio will drop the flag on wall ride.
No restrictions.
Cryo-Freeze is restricted.
Guardian Angel and Valkyrie are restricted.
Angelic Descent is unrestricted.
Fade and Coalescence are restricted.
No restrictions.
Jump Jet is restricted.
Concussive Blast is semi-restricted. You can use it, but attempting to boost yourself will drop the flag.
Hover Jets and "Rocket Jumping" are unrestricted.
Wraith Form and Shadow Step are restricted.
Charge is restricted.
No restrictions.
Soldier: 76
Sprint is restricted.
Rocket jump is unrestricted.
Thermoptic Camo and Translocator are restricted.
You can safely toss Translocator while holding the flag, but it will drop if activated.
No restrictions.
No restrictions.
Blink and Recall are restricted.
Grappling Hook is restricted.
Jump Pack and Primal Rage are restricted.
No restrictions.
Transcendence is restricted.
I played lots of games during the night, and in my opinion CTF is funnier with the restricted abilities as they solved some balancement issues.
With only a high-platinum placement I am not an expert, still I would suggest every team to have these heroes in the lineup:
Lucio, for individual and team actions. There is already a Lucio + Roadhog strat: the former provides speed, the latter can self-heal well enough to bring the flag in your base.
A least one defensive hero. Symmetra works great for both offensive and defensive actions.
A D.Va or/and a Winston. Even if their abilities are restricted, they can nevertheless use them to reach the flag quickly - plus they are quite tanky.
Check out my CTF guide containing tips on each hero!
Thanks to LivelyZebra who tested most of the interactions. Header image: Blizzard


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Estimating the size of global problems/
I wrote a comment on Tumblr a couple days ago, on a thread about the lack of media coverage of Bernie Sanders. Here's the whole thread, but there's a point at the bottom that I've been thinking about all day, and I want to expand on it.
There probably/definitely is some conspiring going on in parts of the industry, but I'm betting most of [the poor coverage of Bernie Sanders] is the organic consequence of the culture of journalism today and the awareness or fear that those conspiracies exist and might threaten one's credibility, employability, and livelihood.
This is an important point to me because I think it's important to stay aware that the media, like many industries, is full of potentially-good people reacting to threats and pressures, meaning some effective top-level reforms could free them to be the reporters they once imagined they could be.
It's really incredibly easy to think of people as being good or bad, for us or against us, part of the solution or part of the problem. And that's not always a terrible way to look at things -- the last one, especially, highlights the reality that we're all living with unconscious prejudices we have to identify and unlearn. But this point, about people afraid to act, is one I've been thinking about a lot as an activist.
There are people -- I believe a huge number of people -- who have a solid internal moral compass, and know what they'd prefer to choose to do, ethically. But every day, to protect their livelihoods, they make a different choice, and do things they'd rather not do, because starvation and imprisonment doesn't sound like a good time.
I believe that all those people have a tipping point. For some, it's a tiny nudge, for others it might be a complete re-configuring of society. Some people may just need to feel confident they can pay off their student loans. Others may be willfully resisting becoming aware of truths that might make them hate themselves for doing the work they do. But I believe that for most people, the choice not to fight for social justice is not about real ideological disagreement; it's about fear of the consequences.
If you want to discuss the minutiae of ideological disagreement I'd be happy to get into it, but the broad point is nobody wants to see everybody suffer if they can avoid it. Even hardcore Ayn Rand devoted objectivists justify their "Screw you, I've got mine" approach not on the basis that other people's wellbeing actually doesn't matter, but the belief that a socialist approach to human wellbeing is doomed to fail. That's fear. Fear that trying to make things better is bound to make them worse.
The way the mind naturally flows to passively viewing these folks is with a certain amount of contempt. If you're an activist, and you're thinking of someone who does less activism than you, I expect you probably think it through and respond kindly and with understanding, but when you do the quick mental math that happens in the corner of your brain where you're not really looking right now, what you get is
My activism - their activism = positive sum; Therefore me > them
This shorthand is super-easy to resist when that's the only problem you're trying to solve. "Am I better than this person? No, obviously not. Human worth is not calculable in terms of measures of perceived activism."
But I think it sneaks in sometimes when we think about bigger problems. When we think of the unimaginable scale of problems like climate change, racism, misogyny, worker exploitation, and we try and wrap our heads around it --
I'm going to stop saying "we" now, because I'm not reading your mind.
When I think about problems of that scale, what usually happens is my brain makes a rough calculation of how hard it's going to be. It goes something like
(People in favor) * (institutions supporting reform) - (people opposed) * (institutions supporting status quo) = an extraordinarily large negative number that reflects the degree of resistance I expect the movement to meet
But when that equation is spread out, the (people in favor) ... - (people opposed) part is the same equation as above, and it suggests that the majority of the people in the world are actually committed to, or at least are perfectly indifferent to, human suffering, and need to be convinced individually that, on whatever individual issue, the wellbeing of the relevant people matters.
Obviously, that's not really true. A lot of people may not realize there's a problem, and will turn their behavior around as soon as they see it and work to support the wellbeing of others whatever way they can, and a lot of other people may just be waiting for the ethical option to be made safe enough that they can take it without risking their livelihoods.
It's hard work coming up with a mental shorthand that gives me an approximate impression of how difficult any given social justice movement should be, given the expectation that people are basically not evil. I think it'd have to be different for each separate thing. Like, the equation for raising the minimum wage to a living wage should probably turn out something really simple, because most people are convinced as soon as they really understand just how little $7.25/hr is. The equation for ending factory farming might be a lot closer to the first approximation, because not everyone is quite as prepped to extend empathy to animals as well as humans. But maybe I'm totally wrong about that. Maybe it's the opposite.
What I've come to understand and believe is that it's not worth trying to do the math. Huge, global problems seem unfathomably hard. It's my general impression that they're pretty much always a lot easier to solve than they look, and that there's a lot of support just waiting for better weather.
Instead, I think it's worthwhile to just assume that every big problem is solvable within my lifetime, and act accordingly. The worst case scenario there is that I'll accidentally help chip away at some problems that would have seemed too scary to even look at if my projections were more refined.


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International Journal of Food Science
Volume 2017, Article ID 2375181, 6 pages
Underwater Shockwave Pretreatment Process to Improve the Scent of Extracted Citrus junos Tanaka (Yuzu) Juice
National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, 905 Henoko, Nago City, Okinawa 905-2192, Japan
Correspondence should be addressed to Eisuke Kuraya; pj.ca.tc-awaniko@ayaruk
Received 1 March 2017; Accepted 29 May 2017; Published 6 July 2017
Academic Editor: Mitsuru Yoshida
Copyright © 2017 Eisuke Kuraya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Citrus junos Tanaka (yuzu) has a strong characteristic aroma and thus its juice is used in various Japanese foods. Herein, we evaluate the volatile compounds in yuzu juice to investigate whether underwater shockwave pretreatment affects its scent. A shockwave pretreatment at increased discharge and energy of 3.5 kV and 4.9 kJ, respectively, increased the content of aroma-active compounds. Moreover, the underwater shockwave pretreatment afforded an approximate tenfold increase in the scent intensity of yuzu juice cultivated in Rikuzentakata. The proposed treatment method exhibited reliable and good performance for the extraction of volatile and aroma-active compounds from the yuzu fruit. The broad applicability and high reliability of this technique for improving the scent of yuzu fruit juice were demonstrated, confirming its potential for application to a wide range of food extraction processes.


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World VoIP NewsiTeleCenter distributes NY phone numbers for business VoIP communications
iTeleCenter distributes NY phone numbers for business VoIP communications
Enterprise iTeleCenter is launching innovative service and application-access to New York phone numbers for business operators that have long sought the opportunity to grow up their reach into the financial center of the world.
New York is presumably the biggest market on the planet for just merely any product or kind of service. Possessing a New York phone number for one's business is the most efficient way to attract an attention of the more than eight million local residents and uncounted millions of tourists that move through the city every single day. Broad research revealed that potential customers are more likely to contact a business that has a local phone number than one from any another destination even within the country. Even though they may never come to a store or appear face to face with any of the business's agents, the phone number brings up a confidence that can't be generated any other way. Proceeding a business within the city borders can be cost prohibitive, yet until recently, the only way that a business owner could even consider the option of accessing those attached New York phone numbers, such as the 212 area code, was to commence particular entrepreneur operations within the Big Apple. iTeleCenter changes the requirement for that physical presence by enabling companies to advertise a New York phone number and have all calls rerouted to their home or mobile phone. iTeleCenter is one of the prominent telecommunications firms that operate over the Internet and offers their clients unique access and control over their accounts, making them to set up an array of really mighty features.Call forwarding – ensure calls arriving into the New York phone numbers to be forwarded to an individual's person home or mobile line. Voicemail – delivers the staying reachable to customers 24-hours a day with message alerts right to client's cell phone. Dynamic extensions - allow customers to contact specific employees by means of one single number. Call Screening –preventing nuisance calls or telemarketers when necessary iTeleCenter was built around the concept of helping real estate agents and direct sellers gain access to the important benefits that the right phone numbers provide. During the past two decades, the commitment of this company has changed to include all small and home based businesses and entrepreneurs.
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Release Date: 2006
DVD Release Date: February 20th, 2007
R |1 hr 34 minPlot Summary
After a young boy commits suicide at a juvenile detention center, two bullies are held responsible and sent with others to an uninhabited island, formerly an Army training zone. The delinquents, including Steve (Stephen Wight) and Lewis (Luke Neal), are accompanied by ruthless overseer Jed (Sean Pertwee). Although originally intended as an exercise to build character and instill virtue, their trip turns sinister when they encounter a group of bloodthirsty dogs and a crazy killer with a crossbow.
Cast: Sean Pertwee, Alex Reid, Toby Kebbell, Stephen Wight, Luke Neal, Ben McKay, Lenora Crichlow, Karly Greene
Director: M.J. Bassett
Production Co: Momentum Pictures, Ecosse Films
Keywords: Escape, England, 2000s, Survival, Revenge, Dark, Father


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This collection includes our latest research and reference titles across Law. From encyclopedias to monographs to digital resources, we support your research.
Presenting an integrated approach to information exchange among law enforcement institutions within the EU, this book addresses the dilemma surrounding the need to balance the security of individuals and the need to protect their privacy and data. Providing the reader with a comprehensive analysis…
Hardback – 2018-05-29
It has long been acknowledged that the death penalty in the United States of America has been shaped by the country's history of slavery and racial violence, but this book considers the lesser-explored relationship between the two practices' respective abolitionist movements. The book explains how…
Hardback – 2018-05-23
Law, Justice and Power
Offering a study of regionalism in Africa and investigating the ways in which law can be used to address the issues raised by regional processes on the continent, this book examines the African Economic Community, considering that it has been entrusted to coordinate and to harmonize policies…
Hardback – 2018-05-16
Routledge Research in International Law
This book engages with a traditional yet persistent question of legal theory – what is law? However, instead of attempting to define and limit law, the aim of the book is to unlimit law, to take the idea of law beyond its conventionally accepted boundaries into the material and plural domains of an…
Paperback – 2018-04-25
Social Justice
What are the implications of comics for law? Tackling this question, On Comics and Legal Aesthetics explores the epistemological dimensions of comics and the way this once-maligned medium can help think about – and reshape – the form of law. Traversing comics, critical, and cultural legal studies,…
Hardback – 2018-04-23
Discourses of Law
This edited collection analyses, from multiple disciplinary perspectives, the issue of corruption in commercial enterprise across different sectors and jurisdictions. Corruption is commonly recognised as a major 'social bad', and is seriously harmful to society, in terms of the functioning and…
Hardback – 2018-04-20
This book is a legal and political intervention into a contemporary debate concerning the appropriateness of sexual offence prosecutions brought against young gender non-conforming people for so-called 'gender identity fraud'. It comes down squarely against prosecution. To that end, it offers a…
Hardback – 2018-02-20
Jessie Blackbourn is a research fellow at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies at the University of Oxford, UK. Deniz Kayis is currently the Associate for Chief Justice Allsop AO of the Federal Court of Australia. Nicola McGarrity is a senior lecturer and the Director of the Terrorism Law Reform…
Hardback – 2018-01-31
Routledge Research in Terrorism and the Law
Routledge Law presents new series, Routledge Cultural Heritage in International Law Book, with series editor Professor Valentina Vadi.
International cultural law is a rapidly developing and extremely diverse field of study. Many lawyers are developing an interest in the field and many non-lawyers are starting to show interest in the law that affects their own areas of specialization. The interest in the subject area has been rising over the past two decades globally, as these issues affect every jurisdiction.
This book series welcomes proposals for monographs and edited collections that focus on cultural heritage and international law. For preliminary expression of interest, or for submitting book proposals, please feel free to contact Professor Valentina Vadi ([email protected]) or Emma Tyce ([email protected]).
Click here for more information on book proposals.
In a ranking from the BookAuthority, 8 Routledge titles have been featured in the 41 Best Banking Law Books of All Time. Browse the winning titles here.
The gender equality and discriminatory consumption taxes: an interview with Alara Efsun Yazıcıoğlu, author of Pink Tax and the Law: Discriminating Against Women Consumers. Click here for the full Q&A.


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text: Air travellers won't have to pay a cancellation fee if they cancel tickets within 24 hours of booking. At least that's the plan.The draft Air Passenger Charter proposes a lock-in period of 24 hours from cancellation charges, Civil Aviation Minister Suresh Prabhu said on Twitter. Provided, the cancellation is done more than four days before the flight departure date, he said. Also, there will be no charges for correction of up to three characters in the name of the passenger within 24 hours of booking, he tweeted.Cancellation charges should not be more than basic fare and fuel surcharge, Minister of State for Civil Aviation Jayant Sinha told reporters earlier. "If a flight is cancelled and it is the airline's fault, then the passenger has to be compensated or ticket has to be refunded," he said. "If a flight is delayed, the passenger will be compensated in various ways."Airlines will also have to refund the entire ticket amount to passengers if a flight is delayed for more than four hours, as per the draft plan. If the flight is delayed by a day, the airline should offer additional free-of-charge hotel accommodation.The draft charter, which aims to strengthen passenger rights and make travel more convenient, will be put in public domain for feedback.Besides flight delays and cancellations, other key issues addressed in the charter include lost or damaged baggage, and facilities for persons with disabilities, among others.The key highlights are:No charge if tickets cancelled within 24 hours of booking.Flyers will be compensated if airlines are at fault.Passengers to be compensated by up to Rs 20,000 (depending on the delay) for flight delays which lead to onward flights being missed.Cancellation charges cannot be higher than base fare + fuel charges.No charges if tickets cancelled 96 hours before date of travel.Airlines must provide alternate flights for late cancellations.Aadhar not mandatory for Digiyatra identification.On-board WiFi to be launched soon.Special provisions for flyers with special needs.The features will be rolled out in the next two months, Jayant Sinha said. The ministry is also working on transforming passenger experience through the Air Sewa app to address customer grievances timely..The civil aviation ministry has finally paid heed to what passengers have been wanting, said former Executive Director of Air India Jitendra Bhargava. "The past has not been glorious for the aviation ministry because the airlines always had influence over them. This is the first time passengers' interests are being taken care of," he told BloombergQuint in an interaction..Airlines will be the only stakeholders not welcoming these proposals. Because there is a cost effect on the industry. Jitendra Bhargava, Former ED, Air India .There are, however, some proposals which are a "little impractical" and would face some hurdles, he said. "Does the ministry have enough manpower to honour these proposals? The answer is no.".Earlier this month, Telecom Commission allowed WiFi and in-flight voice calling, with Civil Aviation Minister Suresh Prabhu saying he will ensure "earliest implementation".


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Youth programs play a major role in preparing our young people for the future emphasizing education, leadership and volunteerism. That's why we're committed to doing whatever it takes to encourage you to make our community a better place. Whether you need hours for school or planning ahead for college, we have after-school and weekend projects that provide fun and valuable community-minded opportunities.
For more information on youth opportunities in Orange County areas, please contact Beth Ratcliff at firstname.lastname@example.com or (714) 481-5397.
For more information about youth opportunities in the Coachella Valley/Morongo Basin area, please contact Kori Ahola at email@example.com or (760) 574-4629.
For more information about youth opportunities in the San Bernadino area, please contact Christine Villafuerte at email@example.com or call (909) 380-7248.
For more information on youth opportunities in Riverside County, please contact Juana Zapata at email@example.com or (951) 571-8678.
College Field Work Study (Internship)
The American Red Cross internship program is a mutually beneficial partnership with individuals who are affiliated with an accredited institution. The program provides students with meaningful opportunities to help their community through involvement with the Red Cross while gaining real-world experience and guidance from experts in their field of study. Stimulating and challenging professional projects, assignments and activities enhance the student's educational experience and skills.
High School Red Cross Clubs
High school Red Cross clubs encourage students to get involved with the Red Cross as volunteer members of their school's student-led club. Each club works closely with the Red Cross to learn about and participate in training, service project opportunities, chapter-sponsored programs and national initiatives.
Community Service
Youth requiring completion of community service hours for class, honor society, religious requirement or probation are requested to contact our office so we can determine the appropriate projects and supervised time available to satisfy the community service requirement. We will do our best to work with your schedule and requirements, but recognize at times we may not be the most appropriate match to serve your needs.


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Silicon Valley Real Ventures builds custom homes for the most demanding clients in the Valley. Find out why we are the best partner to help you build your dream home in this challenging environment.
We take great care to ensure that our clients understand how their dreams can fit into the diverse physical environment of the Bay Area
We help our clients navigate the complexity of regulations, specifications, trades and schedules.
Breaking Ground
We have built on bluff toes at the beach and on top of cliffs overlooking creeks. Uniquely beautiful sites demand uniquely challenging foundations, and SVRV is equipped to dig and drill with the best.
The expansive glass openings and dramatic cantilevered planes sought after in modern designs, as well as the exacting environmental standards require special skill to bring to life.
HAnding Over
Our favorite moment in the life of every project is when our crews move out and our clients move in, turning the building site into a home.


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Date: April 19th
Time: 10:00 to 12:00
Cost: $15.00
This session's lesson: Cuts Like a Knife.
Learn the ins and outs of the knife tool, including the changes that have occurred with Version 8.2. The lesson will include how to create split applique designs.
Join Betty and explore BERNINA Embroidery V8.1. These lessons will continue to explore the features of Software 8-- the perfect companion to your embroidery machine.
BERNINA hosts a webinar each month with Debbi Lashbrook. After the webinar Betty will walk you through each technique.
Bring your USB stick so that we can download all of the files needed to be successful
in your software journey. Class will start at 10:00 and end at 12:00. After that you're welcome to take a break and then sew out your completed software project. Machines will be provided.


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Mini-Episode 19: Hairy Situations
Kate and Doree offer advice to a listener who's working through grief after losing their father. Then, they talk about the process of laser hair removal, the potential pros and cons of weekly marriage meetings, and the glory of sometimes eating some butter. Yes, just butter. (It's delicious.)
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I am thrilled to be taking part in this blog tour. From the moment I received a key in an envelope and a code for a website I've been intrigued by this book and couldn't wait to read it. Now I've read it and I was not disappointed. Read on to see my review.
Blurb: Londoners Jack and Syd moved into the house a year ago. It seemed like their dream home: tons of space, the perfect location, and a friendly owner who wanted a young couple to have it. So when they made a grisly discovery in the attic, Jack and Syd chose to ignore it. That was a mistake.Because someone has just been murdered outside their back door. And now the police are watching them.
Rating: 4.5/5
Review: I was hooked from the first page of this book. I read it in two sittings which for me, at the moment, is pretty much unheard of. I found it atmospheric and unsettling and was slightly regretting starting at night when I live somewhere really quiet and it was dark outside.
I really enjoyed the way the story was written. Using only two perspectives really showed how the characters were affected by what was going on and how they were both dealing with current events and their own individual problems.
I found this story engrossing and gripping throughout and would recommend this to anyone who enjoys psychological thrillers or crime fiction.


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Research opportunities
This degree responds to an identified need for more NHS pharmacists to engage in research linked to their professional and practice role in areas where a PhD research programme may not be the most appropriate qualification.
The DPharm fits with all areas of the practice of pharmacy including hospital clinical pharmacy, technical services and community pharmacy practice. The programme aims to develop, strengthen and enhance pharmacy research and help to build the credibility of pharmacy as a research focussed profession.
This course is suitable for pharmacists who already have some research experience and wish to enhance their research skills and experience.
Course structure
The course is either a minimum of three years full-time or four years part-time study.
One third of the course is taught and two thirds is research-based. The taught classes are:
- Clinical skills
- Research skills including health service skills & protocol design
- Literature review
When does teaching begin?
The teaching will take place in the academic year starting at the beginning of October each year.
If you're undertaking the course on a full-time basis all the taught classes will take place in the first year of the course. For part-time students this will take 18 months. The taught classes must be passed to proceed to the research element.
Can I get credit for previous learning?
This may be awarded on an individual basis at the point of application. Any recognised prior learning must be ratified by the Board of Study. Credit for prior leaning may only be awarded in blocks of 60 credits (60, 120 or 180). Only under exceptional circumstances will a student be awarded 180 credits for prior learning.
Will the minimum duration of study be reduced if I get credit for prior learning?
There may be a reduction in the minimum duration of study if credit is given for prior learning but this will be awarded on an individual basis following application and discussion between the DPharm course organiser and the head of Institute. This must also be ratified by the Faculty of Science Board of Study.
What is the final assessment?
Once you have completed all the taught elements and the research, you'll submit a thesis which will be sent to an external examiner (outwith the University of Strathclyde) and an internal examiner (within Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, who is GPhC registered). You'll be called for an oral exam in which you'll defend your thesis and the work that it contains. The examiners will make the decision on whether you should be awarded the qualification.
How will I know if my proposed project will be suitable for a DPharm?
On application you'll be asked to submit your research idea. This can then be discussed with a potential supervisor. Alternatively you can discuss research ideas informally with a potential supervisor before application.
If I have no project idea but want to do the DPharm will you allocate me a suitable project?
The DPharm is linked to your professional practice so it's expected that when you apply you'll have a suitable project idea. Staff at the university may have ideas to help you develop your practice.
What does the research involve?
The research in the DPharm must be linked to professional practice and should normally be undertaken at your place of work. It should be related to the role you have as a pharmacist. Areas of research that may be suitable include clinical practice in hospital or community pharmacy, technical services or a combination of both. This is not an exhaustive list and if you are interested in studying for a DPharm and have an idea for research then you should contact Dr Boyter for further information.
Your research must original and at doctoral level that is suitable for publication in a quality research journal.


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Tippi Hedren
Actress & Animal Activist
The Birds, Marnie
Tippi Hedren talks about:
Alfred Hitchcock's obsession with her.
Slamming doors and confronting Hitchcock's wife.
A twist of events while filming The Birds.
Injuries while filming.
Shambala, her animal sanctuary for lions and tigers.
Living with a lion in a quiet Los Angeles neighborhood.
#MeToo and why she spoke out then and now.
Getting nervous. Or not.
Raising her daughter, actor Melanie Griffith, as a single mother.
Special Clip
Tippi Hedren and Kara analyze Alfred Hitchcock's famous films...
More Bonus Clips*
Eavesdrop on Tippi Hedren and Kara Mayer Robinson as they pose for pictures.
Tippi goes into detail about her lion and tiger sanctuary, Shambala.
Tippi helped immigrant women make a living and support their families. She explains how.
*These bonus clips are available to Really Famous supporters on Patreon.com.
Bonus Videos
Behind-the-scenes clip – Kara outside Shambala, minutes before meeting Tippi.
Tippi Hedren reflects on her talk with Kara.
Tippi Hedren's REALLY FAMOUS Quotes
You'll hear this and more on Really Famous.
"He had me followed. He would drive by my house to see whether I was home. It was becoming very, very frightening.""He had all of these birds that he hurled at me.""Marlon [Brando] was so put off by it.""They could always stand up. They just didn't.""Demands were thrown at me that I wasn't interested in.""I can't change it. What is is. What happened happened."
Listen to Tippi Hedren's episode right here:
Links to what Tippi Hedren mentions:
The Birds - Watch the trailer.
Marnie - What critics say about Tippi Hedren's last film with Alfred Hitchcock.
Roar - The movie that injured cast and crew.
Shambala - More details on the animal sanctuary and Tippi Hedren's animal activism.


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Lift-off of Apollo 15, August 1971
Lift-off of Apollo 15, August 1971
Vintage chromogenic print, 20.2 x 25.4 cm
NASA S-71-41356, caption on verso
[NASA description]The huge, 363 foot tall Apollo 15 (Spacecraft 112/Lunar Module 10/Saturn 510) space vehicle is launched free from Pad A, Launch Complex 39, Kennedy Space Centre, Florida, at 9.34 am (EDT), July 26, 1971, on a lunar landing mission. Aboard the Apollo 15 spacecraft were astronauts David R. Scott, commander; Alfred M. Worden, command module pilot; and James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot. Apollo 15 was NASA's fourth manned lunar landing mission. Apollo 15 was the first of the Apollo "J" missions capable of a longer stay time on the moon and greater surface mobility. There were four primary objectives falling in the general categories of lunar surface science, lunar orbital science and engineering-operational. The mission objectives were to explore the Hadley-Apennine region, set up and activate lunar surface scientific experiments, make engineering evaluations of new Apollo equipment, and conduct lunar orbital experiments and photographic tasks.
About the Apollo 15 mission here.
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