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A recent study has shown that short-term training in response inhibition can make people more cautious for up to two hours when making decisions. However, the longevity of such training effects is unclear. In this study we tested whether training in the stop-signal paradigm reduces risky gambling when the training and gambling task are separated by 24 hours. Two independent experiments revealed that the aftereffects of stop-signal training are negligible after 24 hours. This was supported by Bayes factors that provided strong support for the null hypothesis. These findings indicate the need to better optimise the parameters of inhibition training to achieve clinical efficacy, potentially by strengthening automatic associations between specific stimuli and stopping.
Citation: Verbruggen F, Adams RC, van 't Wout F, Stevens T, McLaren IPL, Chambers CD (2013) Are the Effects of Response Inhibition on Gambling Long-Lasting? PLoS ONE 8(7): e70155. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070155
Editor: José César Perales, Universidad de Granada, Spain
Received: March 1, 2013; Accepted: June 17, 2013; Published: July 26, 2013
Copyright: © 2013 Verbruggen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: Funding came from an Economic and Social Research Council Grant (ES/J00815X/1) to FV, CDC, IPLM, a Wales Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience Grant to CDC, and a starting grant to FV from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 312445. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Convergent clinical evidence suggests that executive control in the motor domain might share mechanisms with high-level decision-making. Poor response inhibition during adolescence predicts later substance dependence [1], and response-inhibition deficits have been observed in impulse-control disorders [2], [3], such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [4], substance abuse disorders [5], [6], and gambling disorders [7]–[10]; but see also [11]. More generally, problem gambling and substance addiction involve a shift from novelty-seeking, impulsive behaviour (acting quickly in pursuit of reward without consideration of adverse consequences) to compulsive behaviour (acting persistently with diminished regard for reward and despite adverse consequences); and response inhibition has been linked to both constructs [12], [13]. Thus, several authors have argued that response inhibition could play an important role in the development and maintenance of addictions and influence the outcome of treatments [12], [14]–[17].
Inspired by these empirical findings and the central role of response inhibition in neurobiological models of addiction, we recently examined whether asking people to stop simple movements had a causal effect on gambling [18]. To this end, we combined a stop-signal task with a 'decision-making under uncertainty' task that involved a certain element of risk (i.e. subjects could either win or lose points). Successful stop-signal performance requires an inhibitory control network, which includes (among other areas) the right inferior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, pre-supplementary motor area, and basal ganglia [2], [3], [19], [20]. The right frontal areas have been linked to self-control and inhibition in multiple domains [21]–[23]. Therefore, we used a variant of the stop-signal task to explore whether motor control would transfer to monetary decision-making when gambling [18].
On every trial of our novel gambling task, participants were presented with 6 choice options. Each option was associated with a certain amount they could win; however, they were informed at the beginning of the experiment that wins were less probable for higher amounts. Healthy participants performed this task throughout the session. In some blocks ('load' blocks), participants had to perform a second task when an occasional signal occurred. Participants in the 'stop' condition attempted to stop the planned choice response, whereas participants in the 'double-response' condition executed a second response on trials where the signal occurred. We found that participants in the stop group not only became more cautious when executing their choice responses (as indexed by longer choice latencies), they also selected lower amounts with a higher probability of winning [p(win)] in 'load' blocks than in 'no-load' blocks in which no signals could occur [18]. In the double-response group, there was a numerical difference in the opposite direction; i.e. a tendency to select higher amounts with a lower p(win) in load blocks than in no-load blocks. We concluded that stopping-induced motor cautiousness transferred to monetary choice when gambling.
The potential overlap between control processes could open new avenues for the treatment of impulse-control disorders [22],[24]–[26]. Indeed, in two follow-up experiments, we found that training participants to stop motor responses also influenced monetary decision-making when stopping and gambling were separated in time [18]. Those experiments consisted of two phases: the training phase involved either a stop task or double-response task (Figure 1) without monetary decision-making; in the test phase, participants then performed the gambling task without an additional cognitive load. The delay between the training phase and test phase was either two minutes (Experiment 2) or two hours (Experiment 3). In both experiments, we found that participants who did the stop task preferred lower amounts with a higher p(win) in the subsequent gambling task, compared with participants who did the double-response task or participants who received no executive-control training. In sum, these results suggested that training on stopping simple motor responses could have a sustained after-effect on monetary decision-making.
In the present study, we further explored the longevity of these training effects by increasing the delay between the training phase and the test phase. In Experiment 1, the delay between the training phase and the test phase was 24 hours. In Experiment 2, we doubled the amount of training: On Days 1 and 2, participants performed the double-response or stop task, before completing the gambling task on Day 3.
Materials and Methods
Ethics Statement
This work was carried out at Cardiff University and the University of Exeter in compliance with ethical standards. The experiments were approved by the local research ethics committees at the School of Psychology, Cardiff University (Experiment 1) and the School of Psychology, University of Exeter (Experiment 2). Written informed consent was obtained after the nature and possible consequences of the studies were explained.
In Experiment 1, sixty volunteers from the Cardiff University community participated for monetary compensation (£6 per hour, plus money won in the gambling task; average amount won: £1.1, range: £0–4.2). In Experiment 2, fifty-two volunteers from the University of Exeter participated for partial course credit. In each experiment, sample size, gender, age, and general levels of impulsivity (assessed by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale –11) and risk-taking (assessed by the Stimulating-Instrumental Risk Inventory), were similar for the stop and double-response groups (Table 1). Participants were informed that they would do different tasks on consecutive days, but we did not specify the nature of the tasks in advance.
All stimuli were presented on a 19-inch LCD monitor against a grey background. The task was run using the Psychophysics Toolbox [27].
Training phase.
Both the double-response and stop groups started with a training phase in which the primary task was to identify a go stimulus (square vs. diamond) as rapidly and accurately as possible (Figure 1). Participants responded with their left or right hands, respectively ('C' or 'M' on a keyboard).
No-signal trials started with the presentation of a fixation circle for 1.5 sec after which a white non-filled shape appeared around it (to reduce the overall duration of a session, fixation duration was 0.750 sec in Experiment 2). The shape remained on the screen for 1.5 sec and participants had to respond before it disappeared.
On signal trials, the outline of the shape turned bold after a variable delay (SOA). In Experiment 1, 25% of trials were signal trials; 33% of trials were signal trials in Experiment 2. We increased the percentage of stop signals to encourage proactive control and cautious decision-making [28]. On signal trials, participants in the stop group were instructed to refrain from responding, whereas participants in the double-response group had to press the space bar as quickly as possible with either thumb after they pressed 'C' or 'M'. The SOA between the go stimulus (the shape) and signal was initially set at 0.250 sec. In the stop group, the SOA was continuously adjusted according to a tracking procedure that converged on a probability of stopping of.50; in the double-response group, we simulated a tracking procedure to produce a similar range of SOAs to the stop group (see ref. 18, for further details).
The training phase of Experiment 1 consisted of 15 blocks of 56 trials. In Experiment 2, participants completed two training sessions, each consisting of 10 blocks of 72 trials and with a 24-hour delay between them. In both experiments, participants received feedback at the end of each block: they were shown their mean RT, the number of incorrect and missed responses on no-signals, and the percentage of failed stops or double-responses (depending on the group). Participants then paused for 15 seconds before commencing the next block. In Experiment 1, participants also received immediate written feedback (presented for one second) after an error or missed response in the first block.
Test phase.
Twenty-four hours after the training, participants completed a gambling task. On each trial, 6 vertical bars were presented next to each other; each bar was associated with a certain amount and a specific key of a keyboard ('d', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k'; Figure 1). Participants were instructed to select one of the amounts by pressing the corresponding key, and without revealing the exact probabilities, they were informed at the beginning of the experiment that p(win) was lower for higher amounts.
Each trial started with the presentation of the 'start' bars, amounts, and the associated keys. The bars appeared between two horizontal lines. After 3.5 sec the bars started rising together. All bars reached the top line after 1.33 sec on 'low-bar' trials, and after 1.67 sec on 'high-bar' trials (the distance between bottom- and top line was approximately 7.5 cm on 'low bar' trials & 9 cm on 'high bar' trials; both trial types occurred with equal probability in each block). Trials ended 0.5 sec after the bars reached the top line. Participants had to execute the choice response before the end of the trial but not sooner than 0.250 sec. before the bars reached the top line. Feedback was presented at the end of each trial, and indicated how much had been won/lost and the current balance. The feedback screen was replaced by a blank screen after 2.5 sec and the following trial started after a further 0.5 sec. We originally developed this task to examine stopping and gambling within a single block (see above). Timing of events, the rise of the bars, and the height manipulation were dictated by these stop-related factors; for example, we introduced moving bars to ensure an optimal stop-signal delay (see ref. 18, for a discussion). Similarly, we used a single manual response on each trial to manipulate response inhibition. In order to allow cross-experiment comparisons, we decided to use the same task across experiments.
On each trial, participants could win or lose points. The exact amount depended on the stake (low, medium, or high). In Experiment 1, amounts [with p(win)] participants could win in the low-stake condition were: 112 (0.15), 64 (0.27), 32 (0.39),16 (0.51), 6 (0.63), 2 (0.75). In Experiment 2, amounts and p(win) were: 64 (0.2), 32 (0.25), 16 (0.325), 8 (0.47), 4 (0.605), 2 (0.875). On losses, they lost half the chosen amount. Amounts decreased exponentially to make the higher amounts more attractive. We changed probabilities and amounts in Experiment 2 to ensure that expected value was the same for the three lower amounts (consequently, selecting the lowest amount was not disadvantageous). For medium stakes, all amounts were x 2; for high stakes, amounts were x 4. Stakes and the left-right order of the amounts varied pseudo-randomly from trial to trial. The starting balance was 2500 points. In Experiment 1, the total amount won was converted to money at the end of the study (1000 points = £1), whereas in Experiment 2 participants played for points only; this change in pay-off structure was motivated by practical considerations because we could not let undergraduate students gamble for real money. Playing for points is common in the literature [29], [30] and pilot work in our lab had shown that we could replicate the findings observed in Experiment 1 of Verbruggen et al. [18] with a points-only version of the stop-gambling task.
Data Analyses
For each participant, we calculated a 'betting score' by taking the average of all choices (Range: 1–6). Choice 1 corresponded to the smallest amount with the highest p(win); choice 6 was the highest amount with the lowest p(win). Consequently, a higher betting score indicated that participants preferred higher amounts with a lower probability of winning.
The analyses focused mostly on the test phase (but see Tables 2 and 3 for an overview of the training data). Test trials with a response that was not part of the response set, with an anticipatory response, and trials without a response were excluded; trials that followed such trials were also excluded. Finally, the first trial of the experiment was also excluded. In Experiments 1 and 2, 3.9% and 4.2% of the trials were excluded, respectively. After exclusion, we calculated mean betting score and average choice latency as a function of group.
All data processing and analyses were completed using R (R Development Core Team, 2008). Raw data files and R scripts used for the analyses are deposited on the Open Research Exeter data repository (http://hdl.handle.net/10871/4461). Because we predicted that betting scores would be lower in the stop group than in the double-response group due to a 'cautiousness transfer' [18], we analysed average betting scores with one-tailed Welch t-tests. When the difference between means is in the predicted direction, the p-value for the one-tailed t-test = 0.5*p(two-tailed); but when the difference is in the opposite direction, p(one-tailed) = 1 - 0.5*p(two-tailed). We also calculated Bayes factors for the betting scores. A Bayes factor compares two hypotheses; in this study these are: the hypothesis that stop training induces cautiousness when gambling (the experimental hypothesis) and the null hypothesis (i.e. no cautiousness induced). Bayes factors vary between 0 and infinity with values of less than.33 indicating support for the null hypothesis and values greater than 3 indicating support for the alternative [31]. Following Dienes [32], we used a half-normal distribution with a standard deviation of.42, which corresponds to the numerical difference in betting scores between stop and double-response groups in Experiment 3 of Verbruggen et al. [18]. The half-normal distribution was most appropriate here because it assumes that smaller effects than in our original study (which included a 2-hour rather than 24-hour delay between training and test) are more probable. We calculated the Bayes factors using the R-version of Zoltan Dienes' Bayes calculator (http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Zoltan_Dienes/inference/bayes_factor.swf).
Experiment 1
All relevant training data are presented in Table 2. We excluded one participant in the double-response group from further analyses because their accuracy on no-signal trials was below 85%.
In the training phase, reaction times were longer and accuracy was higher on no-signal trials in the stop group than in the double-response group. This is consistent with our previous findings [18], [28], [33], and suggests that participants in the stop group were more cautious when executing their responses on no-signal trials. These conclusions were supported by one-way ANOVAs (Table 3).
For the test phase, we compared betting scores in the stop- and double-response groups (Figure 2). Unlike in Verbruggen et al. [18], betting scores were not lower in the stop group (M = 3.46; SD = 0.84) than in the double-response group (M = 3.28; SD = .71), t(55.962) = 0.919, p = 0.819. Thus, there was no detectable transfer of cautiousness between sessions when the delay between them was 24 hours. Box-plots indicated that this was unlikely to be due to a few outlying subjects (Figure 2), and a Bayes factor (see Materials and Methods for explanation) indicated the data provided strong support for the null, relative to the cautiousness-transfer hypothesis, B = 0.249. This indicates that the cautiousness transfer was indeed absent. Finally, choice latencies were also comparable for the stop group (M = 1514 ms; SD = 92) and the double-response group (M = 1522 ms; SD = 92), t(56.943) = -0.339, p = 0.632.Thus, the results of Experiment 1 suggested that completing a single session of stop training did not influence gambling behaviour after a 24 hour delay.
In each box, the horizontal solid lines show the medians and the asterisks show the means. The upper and lower "hinges" correspond to the first and third quartiles. The vertical lines at their respective end points capture the location of extreme values. There were no outliers (i.e. values exceeding the interquartile distance by more than 1.5).
Experiment 2
All relevant training data are again presented in Tables 1 and 2. Three subjects from the double-response group were excluded because the percentage of missed double-responses was higher than 15%; one participant in the double-response group was excluded because accuracy on no-signal trials was below 85%; and two participants from the stop group were excluded because the percentage of missed responses on no-signal trials was larger than 15%. After exclusion, there were 24 participants in each group.
Consistent with the results of Experiment 1 and our previous studies, we found that response latencies were longer and accuracy rates higher in the stop group than in the double-response group (see Tables 2 & 3). Again, this demonstrates that participants become more cautious when they are instructed to stop their responses occasionally.
We examined whether two days of stop training influenced gambling behaviour on the third day by comparing betting scores (Figure 3) and choice latencies for the stop and double-response groups. Again, cautiousness did not transfer between sessions, as participants in the stop group (M = 3.03; SD = .92) did not develop a stronger preference for the lower amounts with higher probability of winning compared with participants in the double-response group (M = 2.66; SD = 0.82), t(45.454) = −1.492, p = 0.929. The Bayes factor for betting scores also indicated strong support for the null hypothesis, which states that cautiousness does not transfer between training and test phases, B = 0.23. Finally, choice latencies also suggested that there was no training effect (stop = 1456 ms, SD = 66; double-response = 1470 ms, SD = 47), t(41.703) = 0.832, p = 0.795.
In each box, the horizontal solid line shows the median and the asterisk shows the mean. The upper and lower "hinges" correspond to the first and third quartiles. The vertical lines at their respective end points capture the location of extreme values. There were no outliers (i.e. values exceeding the interquartile distance by more than 1.5).
Correlation between Stopping and Gambling
Previous studies found that poor response inhibition predicted risky decision-making in the Iowa Gambling Task [34]–[36]. The link between stopping and gambling or risky decision-making is also supported by the finding that response inhibition is impaired in problem gamblers (see above). Here we explored whether stop performance and betting scores in our gambling task correlated. In order to have sufficient power, we combined the data of Experiments 1 and 2. We estimated the covert latency of the stop process (stop-signal reaction time or SSRT) with the integration method [37], [38], which assumes that the finishing time of the stop process corresponds to the nth RT, where n = the number of RTs in the RT distribution multiplied by the overall p(respond|signal); SSRT can then be estimated by subtracting the mean SOA from the nth RT. In Experiment 2, we estimated SSRT for each session separately, and then took the average.
We found a statistically significant positive correlation (r = .32, p = .017) between SSRT and betting scores: subjects who tended to exhibit longer SSRTs in the training phase also preferred higher amounts with a lower probability of winning in the test phase (see Figure 4). This is consistent with previous findings in the Iowa Gambling Task (see above). Furthermore, it suggests that, despite the absence of a transfer of cautiousness between the two tasks, there is a link between performance in the stop-signal task and decision-making in the gambling task.
We have recently demonstrated that participants preferred lower amounts with a higher probability of winning in situations where they expect to stop an initiated motor response (Experiment 1, ref. 18). Furthermore, we have found that training people, even briefly, in controlling their own motor actions can induce cautious decision-making for up to two hours afterwards (Experiments 2–3, ref. 18). These experiments suggest that executive motor control can transfer to other decision-making domains, in this case monetary gambling.
In the present study, we further explored the potential of using the stop task to make people more cautious when making decisions. Compared with Experiment 3 of Verbruggen et al. [18], we increased the delay between training and test phases to 24 hours. In two experiments, participants performed either a stop task or double-response task during training. A comparison between the two groups showed that the stop group was more cautious during the training phase than the double-response group. However, in both experiments, this motor cautiousness did not transfer to the test phase in which the participants performed the same gambling task as in our previous gambling studies. We calculated Bayes factors for both experiments separately, and the combined Bayes factor was 0.06 (0.249 * 0.234). Thus, the data of the two studies combined provide 'very strong' evidence [31] for the hypothesis that cautiousness does not transfer from the stop task to the gambling task when the delay between the two phases is increased to 24 hours. Although sleep plays in important role in declarative and procedural memory consolidation [39], the results of the present study suggest that stop training does not necessarily benefit from sleep.
One possibility is that the amount of training of general inhibitory skills that caused a transfer effect when the delay was short was not strong enough to illicit changes in behaviour later in time (although doubling the amount of training did not alter the results). Guerrieri and colleagues [40] recently reached a similar conclusion. They examined to what extent performing an inhibitory control task influenced subsequent eating behaviour, as several studies have demonstrated that eating disorders correlate with impairments in inhibitory control [41]–[44]. They found that participants who had to respond quickly (the impulsivity group) tended to eat more during a subsequent bogus taste test compared with a group who had to stop more and a neutral baseline control group; importantly, the stop group and baseline group did not differ. Based on these findings, the authors concluded that effects of inhibition training may be weaker than originally assumed.
Alternatively, the results observed in Verbruggen et al. [18] may not have been caused by training of inhibitory control. Based on our previous findings, it is tempting to conclude that performing a short stop task can strengthen the inhibition control network. However, an alternative explanation is that our previous results were caused by a task carry-over effect. When participants perform a stop-signal task, they often make proactive control adjustments to balance between impulsive responses, which are difficult to suppress, and slow responses, which can be stopped more easily [28]. Such control adjustments may involve activating the stop goal in advance and increasing decision thresholds in the choice task [28], [45], [46]. Participants may have adopted a similar 'proactive' control strategy when performing the gambling task. For instance, keeping the overall long-term goal activated (i.e. 'have as many points as possible at the end of the experiment') could result in a more consistent choice pattern; higher decision thresholds would also result in a more consistent choice pattern. It seems likely that such a transfer is more likely to occur when the stop task was executed recently.
A potential limitation of this study is that this is a cross-study comparison. However, the only difference between the design of Experiment 1 of the present study and the design of Experiments 2–3 in Verbruggen et al. [18] was the delay between training and test. Thus, it seems unlikely that differences between the present study and our previous work are caused by differences in design other than the delay manipulation. Nevertheless, it is possible that subtle differences between participants had an influence. People with poor inhibitory control or problem gamblers may benefit more from doing a stop-signal task than people who never gamble; indeed, developmental studies have demonstrated that children with poor executive control benefited the most from executive control training [22], [47], [48]. We did not have a baseline measurement of gambling or inhibition in our task, so we could not explore this issue in the current study. Other individual differences may also have contributed. For example, Colzatto and colleagues have found that inter-individual genetic variability modulated transfer between a training and a test task [49]. Thus, an important avenue for future research is to determine how individual differences modulate transfer effects.
Another potential avenue for future research is exploring whether gambling-related stop learning induces longer-lasting effects. We have previously demonstrated that executive control processes such as stopping can also be triggered in a bottom-up fashion by the retrieval of previously acquired stimulus-stop associations [50]. Other studies have already demonstrated that such stimulus-stop associations can influence behaviour outside the lab. For example, it was found that a consistent pairing of alcohol-pictures to stopping reduced the subsequent weekly alcohol intake [51] or consumption in the lab [52]. Similarly encouraging stimulus-specific training effects have been found in food studies [53], [54]. However, future research is required to explore the potential of such training regimes for various impulse-control disorders.
We thank Jemma Sedgmond for assistance with data collection in Experiment 1, Myriam Mertens for coding the questionnaires in Experiment 2, and Joël Billieux and an anonymous reviewer for comments on a previous version of this manuscript.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: FV IPLM CDC. Performed the experiments: RCA FvtW. Analyzed the data: FV. Wrote the paper: FV TS CDC IPLM.
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- 45. Aron AR (2011) From reactive to proactive and selective control: developing a richer model for stopping inappropriate responses. Biol Psychiatry 69: e55–e68.
- 46. Lo CC, Boucher L, Paré M, Schall JD, Wang XJ (2009) Proactive inhibitory control and attractor dynamics in countermanding action: a spiking neural circuit model. J Neurosci 29: 9059–9071.
- 47. Diamond A (2013) Executive functions. Annu Rev Psychol 64: 135–168.
- 48. Diamond A, Lee K (2011) Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old. Science 333: 959–964.
- 49. Colzato LS, van Muijden J, Band GP, Hommel B (2011) Genetic Modulation of Training and Transfer in Older Adults: BDNF ValMet Polymorphism is Associated with Wider Useful Field of View. Front Psychol 2: 199.
- 50. Verbruggen F, Logan GD (2008) Automatic and controlled response inhibition: associative learning in the go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. J Exp Psychol Gen 137: 649–672.
- 51. Houben K, Nederkoorn C, Wiers RW, Jansen A (2011) Resisting temptation: Decreasing alcohol-related affect and drinking behavior by training response inhibition. Drug Alcohol Depend 116: 132–136.
- 52. Jones A, Field M (2013) The Effects of Cue-Specific Inhibition Training on Alcohol Consumption in Heavy Social Drinkers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 21: 8–16.
- 53. Houben K (2011) Overcoming the urge to splurge: Influencing eating behavior by manipulating inhibitory control. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 42: 384–388.
- 54. Houben K, Jansen A (2011) Training inhibitory control. A recipe for resisting sweet temptations. Appetite 56: 345–349.


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In order to form a more perfect union, we join all of our frames onsite by hand. Other frame shops farm out their joinery, but we take great pains to make sure you receive the best product with perfect corners. No gaps, no tomfoolery.
We hold these truths to be self-evident; that you will always be satisfied with our work or we'll fix it for free, that we will make sure you know the best methods to preserve your artwork, and that if you choose we'll employ the latest advances in archival technology to ensure that you will enjoy your framed art for years to come.
All men are created equal, but all frame shops are not. We believe that our personal, hands-on approach to discovering exactly what you need makes Therieau Art and Frame unique among custom picture framers in Chicago. No cookie cutter solutions. No outsourcing. No kidding.

subset: commoncrawl


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Declining organizations don't want to know the truth about their demise. They deceive themselves and others. They hide from painful reality. Until it is too late.
The exception is the Presbyterian Church (USA). They are to be commended for the courage to confront the brutal facts and to publish them online.
But do they have the right interpretive framework for understanding what is going on? Do they have the will to change? Or is the tide of history running out for the PCUSA and the Protestant mainline churches?
For the record here is a list of the reports you can download on the PCUSA.
- Recent Changes in Membership and Attendance in Mainline Protestant Congregations
- Congregational Strengths and Subsequent Numerical Growth among Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) Congregations
- Fastest-Growing Presbyterian Churches by Deborah Bruce and Cynthia Woolever
- Myths and Facts about Evangelism and Church Growth
- The PC(USA) Clergy Shortage, Myth or Reality
- Trends and Changes in Mainline Denominations by John P. Marcum
- Membership for the PC(USA) 1960 - 2005
- Is There a Clergy Shortage in the PC(USA)? 1999
- Worship Attendance as a Percentage of Membership 1990-2005
- How Often do PC(USA) Congregations Celebrate the Lord's Supper?
- PC(USA) Church School Enrollment 1997-2005
- PC(USA) Losses by Year, 1986 to 2005
- Average Worship Attendance as a Percent of Membership by Church Size, 2005
- Distribution of Members and Congregations by Congregation Size, 2005
- Average per member contributions by church membership, 2005
- Distribution of PC(USA) Members by Synod 2005
- Number of PC(USA) congregations by membership size 1995 and 2005
- PC(USA) Candidates for Ministry, 1984 to 2005
- A Study of the Effectiveness of Interim Pastors
- Stability and change in a PC(USA) congregation
- Survey of Presbyterian Pastors: computer use, study leaves and sabbaticals, pastoral concerns, and other topics
- Narrative Summary of Results
- Statistical Summary
- Research on Racial-Ethnic Presbyterians (1999-2000)
- A Survey of New Members and Confirmands of the PC(USA) (1998)
- A Survey of Christian Educators Serving the PC(USA) (1998)
- A Survey of Tentmakers and Congregations Served by Tentmakers (1996) Narrative Report
- Highlights and Statistical Summary
- Survey of the unchurched (1991)


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Long-term streamflow forecasting for the Cascade Reservoir System of Han River using SWAT with CFS output
Tian Liu, Yuanfang Chen, Binquan Li, Yiming Hu, Hui Qiu ...
Hydrology Research (13 December 2018) 50 (2): 655–671.
Date Online: 13 December 2018
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Long-term streamflow forecasting using SWAT through the integration of the random forests precipitation generator: case study of Danjiangkou Reservoir
Hydrology Research (20 November 2017) 49 (5): 1513–1527.
Date Online: 20 November 2017


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Yesterday was Mia's 5th birthday – or, more accurately, five years since she got unloaded off the truck at Wick's Wheels. Being friends with the scooter shop owner got me some good perks, like actually being able to unbox my own scooter.
I remember anxiously awaiting the post-delivery inspection to be done so I could ride my new scooter home. I'd only ridden a Buddy a few times before, the Wick's Wheels "shop Buddy", and really enjoyed it – and I was super excited to take my very own Buddy home.
I didn't realize just how attached I'd get to this scooter over the years, or how much she'd be tied into my identity. People at the office knew me as "the girl with the green scooter", or "wait, you're the one who rides to the office in February? You're either brave or crazy!" (It's a little of both, to be honest.)
You know, Mia and I even made it into the 2014 Genuine Scooter Company catalog – and for a little while, I was scooter-famous, haha.
As I rode home from work yesterday in the 90+ degree heat, and scootered past where Wick's Wheels used to be, I told Mia that she was the best scooter in the world, and that I'm so lucky I've got her back. I don't think I'd be where I am today without her, to be honest. She was my main mode of transportation from when I bought her in 2013 until I got my driver's license in 2017, and she took me everywhere. Work, doctors appointments, the mall, and even on some longer trips – like the 20 miles out to J and Kasi's by Lake Lemon, or the 40 miles out to Nashville, IN. (We actually made that trip before I properly broke her in, I think, oops. Oh well, she still runs like a champ.)
I rode her to my interview for my full-time job at IT Training, with yoga shorts on under my dress to make sure I didn't accidentally flash someone. I rode her to the house just after Ross and I signed all the paperwork on it and got the keys, so I could drop off a tiny load of stuff into the room that would eventually become my craft room (it's the same color as Mia, and I told Ross I'd fight him for this room, because clearly it was meant to be mine). I put all but 325ish of her 7787 miles on her. And I love her dearly.
I'm glad she's back in the garage.
- Lapis's odometer reading: 2185 miles, thereabouts (it's harder to just quickly check her mileage, I have to actually turn her on to see her odometer!)
- Mia's odometer reading: 7787.7 miles precisely (I just checked)


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Spirent has announced a company-wide business initiative called "Promise. Assured." to leverage its proven innovation to pursue emerging technologies and new industries and extend into service provider and enterprise networks. With this, the company will focus on assuring customer performance and revenues with solutions for 5G, lifecycle service assurance and analytics, and cyber-security. It will also explore new business opportunities in virtualization, autonomous vehicles and automotive.
"Markets are transforming rapidly and our role in this new frontier is to march alongside our customers, not just as solution providers but true partners," said Eric Hutchinson, CEO, Spirent. "That means delivering insights that influence and support strategies for revenue growth and cost savings throughout the organizations we serve, as we help accelerate the transition of devices, equipment and applications from the lab into the operational network."
Spirent's focus on 5G, lifecycle service assurance and analytics for better customer experiences and cybersecurity to simplify and validate defenses will include solutions for development, benchmarking and management of mobile networks, Ethernet business services, and virtualized network functions. It will see the company working with customers in new ways, leveraging deep expertise and experience in:
- 5G – As 5G investments gain momentum globally, Spirent enables and assures 5G products and services, including hybrid networks. The company will continue to create 5G test solutions for development of 5G devices and network equipment, and expand focus to include service assurance and analytics of 5G networks.
- Lifecycle Service Assurance – As great customer experiences become the next competitive battleground, Spirent will deliver real-time operational analytics to address issues before they impact service performance and customer experience, leveraging automation, analytics and active testing technologies. This includes expanding the company's VisionWorks solutions to 5G and IoT and incorporating artificial intelligence, machine learning and big data analytics into new applications.
- Cyber-security – Spirent tests products and networks for security vulnerabilities, offering cyber-security products that simulate a wide range of scenarios with real world traffic mixes and services that provide industry-leading expertise. The company fosters collaborative industry efforts, including through its work as a founding member of NetSecOPEN, the open industry group that brings together security product vendors, test tool vendors and test labs to develop test specifications. Spirent will expand its security products and services, including new data breach detection assessment capabilitiesas it accelerates growth in this market.
The "Promise. Assured." initiative is supported by a new branding campaign that emphasizes Spirent's capabilities to bring clarity to increasing device and network complexity, and serve as trusted advisors to help enable and assure the promises Spirent's customers make to their customers.


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Part of National Museums Liverpool
Also in this section…?
The City Soldiers gallery tells the story of the King's Regiment - one of Britain's oldest regiments, created in 1685, and Liverpool's regiment since 1881.
Follow the history of the regiment in the gallery. It is a story of full time professional soldiers and part time volunteers, family life and ceremony. Members of the regiment have served in two world wars, in Asia, Africa, America and Ireland. You can also try on hats and helmets, listen to a soldier's own words and research your own military family history.
In 2006 the King's Regiment became part of the new Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, the infantry regiment of the North West. Soldiers in the new regiment continue to be called 'Kingsmen'.
Desert clothing
Try on helmets
Tower of medals
Bootle Roll of Honour
ATS uniform
Victoria Cross
Beaver skin
Condolence letter
Find out how to research a past member of the King's Regiment on this website. Our research section includes details of the records we hold as well as information about other useful sources. You can also use our interactive to help identify medals.
Identifying medals
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© Copyright 2019


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MPPGCL Recruitment for 209 posts of Apprentice
MPPGCL Recruitment: We have brought a recruitment news that all job hunters would be interested in. The Madhya Pradesh power generating company limited (MPPGCL) has recently posted a recruitment notification announcing vacancies for the Apprentice in the organization. There are 209 vacancies available in the organization for the posts mentioned above for which the organization has invited applications from all eligible candidates. Interested candidates who want to apply for the above vacancies can do so by submitting the online application form available from the official website before the last date which is 31st December 2018. Candidates can find out all the important details about the job such as qualification, application fees, etc. by reading the article below.
MPPGCL Recruitment Notification:
|Name of the Organization
|Madhya pradesh power generating company limited (MPPGCL)
|Name of the Job
|Number of vacancies
|Last Date to apply
MPPGCL Recruitment Total Vacancy Details:
Company Name: Madhya pradesh power generating company limited (MPPGCL)
Name of the posts:
- Apprentice- 209 posts
Educational Qualifications: Candidate must have IT/ diploma / degree in engineering from a recognized institute/ university. Please visit the official notification by the recruiter for complete details.
Age criteria: Candidate should be between 18 – 25 years old as counted from 01-12-2018 to be considered eligible for the job.
Selection Criteria: Candidates will be selected on the basis of their performance in the merit list.
Official Website: www.mppcgl.mp.gov.in
Important Dates: The Last date to submit the application form online is 31st December 2018
Important Instructions to Apply for MPPGCL Recruitment:
- Log on to the website of the recruiter i.e. www.mppcgl.mp.gov.in
- Open the application form by clicking on the link provided for applying online.
- Fill out the application form carefully with all the required details.
- Upload the signature and photograph in the correct format.
- Submit the form before the last date .
Note: This is all we have regarding the vacancies for the MPPGCL Recruitment. To know more regarding the vacancy, check our website regularly.


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In the wake of the Obamacare fiasco, President Obama's poll numbers are collapsing in two industrial Midwestern states — the quintessential swing state of Ohio and his home state of Illinois.
In Illinois, the Democratic firm Public Policy Polling found Obama's approval rating falling to just 50–46 positive in a state he carried by 17 points just a year ago. His biggest drops in support came among women voters (only 50 percent positive) and Hispanics (only 51 percent positive). Without his overwhelming support among African-Americans (92 percent), his approval rating would easily be in the low 40s. The liberal website Daily Kos says all this represents "a very bad sign for Democrats heading into 2014." Daily Kos notes that incumbent Democratic governor Pat Quinn is in even worse shape, with only a 34 percent approval rating.
In Ohio, a new Quinnipiac poll has Obama's approval rating at 34 percent positive and 61 percent negative. Compare that to the president's four-point win over Mitt Romney just a year ago. "This is a state considered to be a national bellwether," said Peter Brown, assistant director of the poll. "Now Obama is approved by 30 percent of men, 38 percent of women, 27 percent of white voters, and 83% of black voters."
If this kind of collapse is seen in other key large states, expect Democrats returning to Washington from the holidays to begin talking about open mutiny against the White House over Obamacare.


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Weekly Service: Sundays, 10:00 am | 11966 Jack Benny Dr. Suite 104 | Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91739
Our Story
In October, 2004, The Neighborhood Vineyard began in answer to the prayers of a team of people whom God called to plant a church in the Rancho Cucamonga/Etiwanda area. With a heart to see this community impacted by the love of God, we set out to love our neighbors as Jesus demonstrated through His life and ministry.
As we have pursued this mission, God has given us a task in our community as well as a living metaphor to understand the work He wants to do in every person's life. This metaphor comes in the form of an abandoned train station, the Etiwanda Depot, found at the intersection of Etiwanda Ave. and the Pacific Electric Trail in Rancho Cucamonga.
When we see this old station, with its boarded up windows and barbed wire fences, we see the brokenness and pain we all have experienced. Our hope is to see this station's potential restored, just as we know God's heart is for every person to be redeemed and restored, to be living to their full potential. We also know that God's heart is for us to play a part in the story He is telling. Therefore, we seek to see those who have moved from brokenness to healing to also be involved in bringing healing to others.
11966 Jack Benny Dr. Suite 104, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91739 | Phone: 909.646.8860


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By Bill Britt
Would you go for an app that sends an alert when you've left home without turning off the kitchen light, and asks whether you want to turn it off remotely? How about one that lets you find a reliable, background-checked, neighborhood baby sitter at the last minute? Or better yet, an app that determines how much water you should drink daily depending on how much energy you've burned?
None of these apps exists yet, but all of them got a big boost toward becoming reality by claiming prizes at the WeHack / Southeast Cities Hackathon, organized by the Southern California Latino Policy Center and Sabio and hosted in South Gate, a working-class Latino community not usually associated with hi-tech innovation.
"These communities are sometimes left out," says South Gate Mayor Jorge Morales. "They're the last ones to get in on the environmental push and the last ones in on technology. So to have the (hackathon) here is incredible for us."
Hackathons are events where computer programmers, software and hardware developers and others gather to compete and create software projects in a matter of days, usually over the course of a weekend. The "wehack: Southeast Cities Civic Hackathon" drew more than one hundred participants from Irvine, the San Fernando Valley and even as far as Riverside. They converged on the South Gate campus of East LA College over the weekend to compete for more than $7,000 in prizes with goal of creating apps and software that would benefit the residents of communities such as South Gate.
Sabio, a developer community offering 6-12 week full-time coding bootcamps in Los Angeles and Orange County, steered the initiative to stage the hackathon in South Gate. Co-founders, Gregorio Rojas and his wife, Liliana Aide Monge say it was critical to come to the southeast, where there is very little awareness about the opportunities in the field of writing code for computers.
"We're really happy with some of the high schools that came out," Monge says. "We commend the teachers that made that effort."
Many of the high school students, novices known as "developing developers," came from the Foshay Learning Center School's Tech Academy. Among them, 16-year old Esmeralda Nava and Danny "Hyun Bum" Cho, 17, who didn't know each other until they met at the start of the event Friday night. Two nights later they walked away with the top prize for students with their Easy Sitter app, which helps track down reliable baby sitters on short notice. They also developed an instant rapport of familiarity to the point where they sometimes finished each other's sentences.
"We didn't know each other before this weekend," Danny says. "And now," Esmeralda continues, "we have this passion together and it's a lot of fun. You also meet a lot of mentors and you get connections and can start networking and I really like that."
They also learned an important skill overlooked and seldom considered by novices: the ability to pitch their idea. Ed-tech entrepreneur Quiana Patterson offered an early morning workshop on hitting the high notes of a perfect pitch, and the importance of being a skilled public speaker.
"No one wants to build or create something and not be able to sell it," she says. "My message to them is, if you're going to spend the time and energy to think of something awesome or revolutionary, you have to be the best salesperson of that product. You never know where your public speaking skills might take you or guide you to an even higher career."
When the workshop ended, another group of students – the developers of what they called, the "Green Home" energy conservation app – met with Ken Nnaoji, one of the half-dozen mentors from the Sabio organization, to polish their presentation. "Try to begin by telling a story," he told them, as they huddled in a corner of their meeting room. "Something that can pull the audience into understanding the significance of what you're creating and how it's going to make a positive impact on your community. You guys have really great ideas. You're innovators. Just go out there and knock it out of the park like I know you can!"
On the final night of the event, 15-year-old Megan Dotson hooked the crowd and got the judges' attention with the story of her ongoing frustration with her younger brother. "Every time he goes into a room he turns on the lights, and I'm constantly turning them off after he leaves." Her team's Green Home app landed the second place, $500 cash prize.
"The concept of team sport is really critical," Sabio's Rojas says. "It isn't something that you do individually like tennis. It's more like basketball, and sometimes like football and hockey with all the fights that might happen."
No drama at this particular hackathon – but there was plenty of work to be shared, according to 15-year old Sara Du. "The process was hard but the end product is good," she says. Du was the creator of "Aqua App." "It harnesses the health app on your iPhone and sends you regular notifications and emails to remind you to hydrate based on personal physical data such as age, weight and height – even taking into account how much walking you've done." Du also admits, "I didn't think I could've created this app in a day. Otherwise I think I would've been doing this for a month, probably. Other students might not be encouraged because it seems really hard to do. But I met a lot of people who could help me, so [this] was a good learning experience."
"There was much more going on this weekend than coding and programming," said Victor Abalos, Executive Director of the Southern California Latino Policy Center. "We're hoping events like this help the residents of the Southeast Cities not only recognize how important tech can be to solving day-to-day problems, but also how careers in tech offer amazing opportunities for young people from this area."


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'Leaker' Adam Schiff CONCEDES (finally): 'No evidence of Trump-Russia collusion'
(National Sentinel) 'Intelligence' Committee: The minority ranking member of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence has finally conceded that the panel he co-chairs has seen no evidence at all that the Trump campaign "colluded" with the Russian government during the 2016 election.
During an appearance on ABC's "The View," Schiff was questioned about his long-running claims that there is evidence of Trump-Russia collusion by one of the program's co-hosts, Megan McCain, daughter of ailing Sen. John McCain.
Under direct assault, Schiff was forced to admit that the committee has yet to uncover any proof or evidence said collusion took place.
As reported by The Federalist:
Rep. Adam Schiff conceded Thursday there is still no evidence President Trump or his campaign colluded with Russia to win the election, and made a point of distancing himself from any charges of treason against the president.
Schiff has been driving the Trump-Russia collusion narrative on behalf of his party for months from his seat on the House Intelligence Committee, claiming recently he has seen "more than circumstantial" evidence of collusion. But he offered nothing substantial to back up his claim when pressed on "The View" to get specific, and acknowledged hard proof of collusion may never materialize, even after an intensive and months-long investigation by special counsel Robert Mueller.
"I've never used the word treason," said Schiff after ticking of a number of what he called "damning" pieces of evidence that amount to no more than efforts by Russian operatives to contact the Trump campaign.
"Is it enough for Mueller to bring charges?" host Meghan McCain asked Schiff. "Because if it isn't enough for Mueller to bring charges, what does that mean? Charges of collusion."
Schiff responded by saying it wasn't his job to bring charges but to provide a narrative to the American people — which he has done in the form of claims of collusion that, thus far, neither his committee or others throughout Congress has been able to prove.
"Bob Mueller will make the decision whether there is proof beyond a reasonable doubt to indict and convict people," said Schiff.
"It is not his responsibility to tell the country what happened, and indeed there's no guarantee that the country will ever learn what Bob Mueller finds apart from an indictment," he continued.
"It's the job of the Congress to tell the American people what happened, whether it reaches the standard beyond a reasonable doubt or we merely find clear and convincing evidence of collusion."
Noted The Federalist:
Translation: If Mueller can't turn up hard evidence to indict someone, Democrats in Congress will have to rely on a much softer standard of evidence to persuade the public that collusion happened.
"I just think if Mueller doesn't end up charging him, it's a lot of smoke and mirrors," McCain said.
Schiff has been accused of leaking information regarding the Intelligence Committee's investigation throughout its Trump-Russia collusion probe.
President Trump and his White House staff have called Schiff out for his alleged leaking. So have Republicans in Congress, including retiring Rep. Trey Gowdy, R-S.C.
Trump assistant Dan Scavino has also intimated that Schiff has leaked politically advantageous information to the media.
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Crazy Eyeballs
Take your Thinking Putty play to the next level with Crazy Eyeballs! These wacky eyes instantly transform any putty creation into a playful creature to love or terrify your friends. The fun doesn't stop there though, put your creature to the side and watch it "melt" into a puddle of its former self. Endless fun for the young and young at heart.
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Puttyworld does offer International shipping to all countries legally allowed by US customs. Please visit our FAQs Page for more information.
We think you'll love Crazy Aaron's Thinking Putty. In fact, we're pretty sure once you get it into your hands, you'll never want to let go! However, if you find that it's not for you, we offer a no-questions-asked, 100% money-back guarantee on Thinking Putty purchased from Puttyworld.com. We just ask that you pay the return shipping.
This does not apply to Puttyworld eGift Cards. All Gift Cards are final purchase; no returns, refunds or exchanges accepted.
For more information on the above please visit our FAQs Page or call customer care toll free 866-578-2845


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The Future Of Retail Is Tech
Facing an increasingly voracious demand for unique and personalized customer experiences, retailers are turning to tech to satisfy their ever-fickle consumers. AR and AI are just two of the many ways retailers can completely overhaul and personalize their customer experiences and enhance their value propositions. Zeekit provides the technology and mastery of fashion retailing best practices to impact the industry in ways far beyond current methodology.
The world of retail is changing. We've seen more brick-and-mortar stores close in the past year than ever before. Consumers have more information, more options, and more power than any time in history. And with that power comes demand for better shopping experiences across all channels. Shoppers, especially millennials, value authenticity, personalization, customer service, and the overall experience over any particular brand-based loyalty. Luckily for the industry, new technologies have developed in recent years to improve efficiency, advance customer service, and personalize the overall customer experience. We will see more and more brands implementing such technologies in the near future to stay ahead of the competition and in the hearts of their customers.
One of the major technologies that retailers should jump to integrate is Augmented Reality. Beyond Pokémon Go or Snapchat, AR is being used to improve customer experiences in-store, at home, and everywhere in between -- opening up a world of endless possibilities for shoppers, free of the restraints of time, accessibility, and physical location. The retailing time cycle has been expanded to be truly 24/7!
Beauty titans like Sephora, L'Oreal, and Charlotte Tilbury are using AR to let shoppers preview their faces fully made up without having to spend the time actually putting any makeup on. And it's not just beauty companies who have integrated AR into their experience offerings -- we've seen many fashion retailers jump on the AR bandwagon. Recently, Chanel partnered up with luxury retailer Farfetch to bring a new AR experience to brick-and-mortar Chanel locations. Stores like Topshop, H&M, and Neiman Marcus have rolled out projects with AR mirrors on the floor and in dressing rooms to show shoppers how they would look in different colors of the product they are trying on. Gap has also recently launched the Dressing Room by Gap app, in which shoppers can input their sizing information and virtually try on clothing using an avatar.
Zeekit technology takes this experience one unmatched step further, by offering shoppers virtual try-on using their actual bodies, not just an impersonal avatar. This way, shoppers can essentially try on an entire website's worth of clothing in seconds without ever leaving their phones and the entire inventory at a store without having to wait on the dressing room line. The scope of accessibility is endless!
Another tech realm offering amazing capabilities in terms of personalization is artificial intelligence -- AI -- and machine learning. As we know, shoppers today have little patience for irrelevant products or information; they crave personalized experiences, even online. AI and machine learning solve this problem by utilizing rich data in all stages of the retail process -- from research and production to marketing and customer service -- to customize and individualize the experience for shoppers.
Specifically, retailers can harness big data about their shoppers, such as their previous purchases, web visit patterns, search behaviors, abandoned shopping baskets, and demographics, to predict their future interests and improve their total shopping experience --- from the marketing campaigns they are targeted with to the products featured in their search results.
For example, brands like The North Face are using AI-powered concierge service to help shoppers find the perfect gift through a series of questions. Ultimately, as more people use this service, more data will be collected about consumer insights, preferences, and patterns, exponentially improving the results offered. AI-powered chatbots are becoming an increasingly accepted way to connect with the customer, offer relevant recommendations, and even automate purchasing. Brands from Burberry to Tommy Hilfiger have integrated bots into their web experiences. With its launch of the Amazon Echo, Amazon has taken the chatbot to the next level. Using the device, shopping can ask questions, receive information, and even make purchases through voice command.
For the past year, Zeekit has been working intensively to develop its own implementation of AI and machine learning, called StylerAI. Zeekit engineers have developed algorithms to measure all patterns of behavior in the app, as well as personal preferences and surrounding details -- all to offer each shopper the most personal and relevant experience. For example, the AI software measures elements such as body dimensions, height, favorite brands, search terms, most tried-on products, purchases, fit preferences, and color preferences, in order to improve search results, product suggestions, and size suggestions.
Regarding tech developments related to retail, this is all just the tip of the iceberg. From blockchain and mobile payment to voice commerce and visual search -- there are so many exciting advances with significant implications for the shopping experience. We will undoubtedly see more and more retailers testing out new integrations in the coming years and are excited to be forging our own unique mark in this dramatically transformational time.


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I do computer stuff. When I solve a problem and it's not obvious, I document it here - it's a reference for myself, and hopefully, it can save other people out there days of problem solving, googling and assorted hair-tearing.
Thursday, March 3, 2011
A disk-based backup solution: Bacula, ReadyNAS NV+
Better yet, I discovered that some helpful people had compiled and packaged Bacula for the Sparc ReadyNAS units (of which the NV+ is one) so all I need do is install it. Then I can run the Director on my basic HP server, the Storage Daemon on the ReadyNAS, and the File Daemon on the clients to be backed up.
I also figured we'd get better redundancy by using a pair of ReadyNAS units, and writing alternate weeks' backups to each.. so weeks 1 3 and 5 go to nas-1, and weeks 2 and 4 go to nas-2.
After trying 3 different web UIs for controlling the backups, I settled on bweb, which seems to work pretty well (only a few broken bits).
I'm still part-way through the final implementation, but when I get the config all sorted out, I'll post a follow-up. So far, I have one of the ReadyNAS units running the Storage Daemon, and I've got my desktop computer backing up to it as I type. W00T!
At this stage, we're doing simple backups of user's network drives on a range of servers situated at 6 sites, to a central facility. If this scheme works out well, we may look at adding more storage, and expanding into doing bare-metal restore support for critical machines... could be exciting stuff ahead!
3 comments:
Did you continue with this? Did the fact that the bacula version that is available for ReadyNAS is only version 3 (now unsupported) cause any issues for you?ReplyDeleteReplies
Hi Lokke, yes, the project is complete, and now in production. In fact, I used it to recover a server that suffered a total hardware failure this week.Delete
The bacula version for ReadyNAS definitely was an issue. I found the hard way that you shouldn't mix versions: http://pyarra.blogspot.com/2011/03/bacula-mis-matched-director-and-storage.html
I then tried to cross-compile the sparc binaries, with no luck.
I ended up installing the build toolchain on one of the ReadyNAS units, and compiling my own 5.0.1 binaries: http://pyarra.blogspot.com/2011/03/compiling-bacula-natively-on-readynas.html
Would you like a copy of the binaries I compiled?
I've also recently set up a Sun Ultra 10 running Debian Linux (the ReadyNAS is based on Debian) so I'm going to try using that as a build host for a native Sparc compile.
I just put version 3.0.3 of Bacula on my ReadyNAS nv+ v1. All I am trying to do is get a backup of my ubuntu laptop to I can blow it away. I have been stumbling through documentation, but I was wondering if you did a full write up on how to get bacula fully working on the nv+ and if there is a little guidance on setting it up and getting the clients to play correctly. Any pointers would be greatly appreciated!ReplyDelete


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Real Estate Investment Trusts: Still a Smart Investment?
Investments that produce income are hot right now, and real estate investment trusts in particular have high yields and tax advantages. But are REITs still a smart investment right now?
In the following video, Dan Caplinger, the Fool's director of investment planning, looks at whether REITs are still a tax-smart choice for investors. Dan notes that mortgage REITs Annaly Capital and American Capital Agency have dominated investors' attention in the REIT space for years, given their double-digit yields. But as interest rates have started to rise, shares of Annaly and American Capital Agency have dropped, raising questions about REITs generally. Dan goes on to observe, though, that other REITs with actual real-estate holdings rather than just the mortgage-backed securities that Annaly and American Capital own could have better growth prospects. He points to Simon Property Group and Public Storage as two REITs with different types of exposure to real estate. In addition, the Vanguard REIT ETF is just one way you can get exposure to a broader selection of real estate investment trusts.
Dan concludes with a discussion of the tax advantages of real estate investment trusts, with REITs not having to pay corporate tax. However, most REITs don't qualify for favored dividend-tax status, costing investors more on the dividends they receive than on dividends from regular stocks. In the end, Dan concludes that favorable trends in the real-estate market will probably be the key driver of growth for REITs in the future.
Make your portfolio tax-smarter
You have to defend yourself from higher taxes, especially in light of tax increases earlier this year that affected nearly every American taxpayer. With the right planning, you can take control of your taxes and potentially even lower your tax bill. In our brand-new special report "How You Can Fight Back Against Higher Taxes," The Motley Fool's tax experts run through what to watch out for in doing your tax planning this year. With its concrete advice on how to cut taxes for decades to come, you won't want to miss out. Click here to get your copy today -- it's absolutely free.
The article Real Estate Investment Trusts: Still a Smart Investment? originally appeared on Fool.com.Fool contributor Dan Caplinger owns shares of Vanguard REIT ETF. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools don't all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Copyright © 1995 - 2013 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


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An Evening with VOLT, the New Pan-European Party, on July 4th in Munich
On July 4th Alex will be speaking at an event by VOLT, the new pan-european party, about a new narrative for Europe. As the former founder and editor-in-chief of the debate-magazine The European Alex continues to think about the future of the continent and its people. Today Alex published the tiny outlet www.saveliberaldemocracy.com where authors and interview partners reflect on the future of the liberal democratic order.


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The Vancouver Public Library has 22 branches that serve the city's more than 600,000 residents.
Vancouverites come from a wealth of different countries and backgrounds and the city is known internationally for its inclusivity, which is made possible through programs and services designed to meet everyone's needs.
The Vancouver Public Library is a main provider of many of these programs and services. For example, the library organizes Canadian Citizenship Preparation workshops. These sessions cover Canada's history, symbols, geography, governing system, the rights and responsibilities of citizenship, in addition to other citizenship test topics.
The Vancouver Public Library also offers educational and entertaining activities for people of all ages. There are storytimes for babies and toddlers and Lego block parties and board game events for children. The library also holds workshops for adults like Tech Café, where individuals can practice basic computer skills like email and online research.
For newcomers, the Vancouver Public Library provides helpful resources and has spearheaded initiatives to aid their settlement and integration in British Columbia. For example, NewToBC, which is part of the Urban Library Settlement Partnership (ULSP), creates awareness of the programs that the Vancouver Public Library and other libraries run for immigrants.
The Vancouver Public Library also helps newcomers find meaningful employment through the Skilled Immigrant Info Centre. This resource includes information about the labour market, salaries and wages, employment outlooks, as well as industry journals and websites. The Info Centre offers advice on networking, workplace culture, internships, and more.
The Vancouver Public Library is also a distribution point for the Cultural Access Pass, which grants new Canadians free entry into more than 1,000 cultural sites across Canada during their first year as citizens.
The Vancouver Public Library is the third largest public library system in the country and more than 6.9 million people visited its branches last year and borrowed more than 9.5 million items. These items include everything from books and eBooks to CDs, DVDs and magazines.
The VPL gives members access to a wealth of online resources. Individuals can explore new titles in the library's collection, browse the popular picks archive, read articles, look up information in encyclopedias, research local history, and search by subject from the comfort of their homes or from any of the library's branches.
And for individuals who don't speak English as their first language, the Vancouver Public Library has multilingual collections that include 16 different languages: Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Persian/Farsi, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Russian, Spanish, Tagalog, and Vietnamese. These collections include materials for all ages and on a variety of topics.
Vancouver Public Library members can keep track of all of their borrowed materials online through "My VPL". They can see what items they have checked out, view any holds or fines on their accounts, and read library messages. They can also review materials that they have completed or that are in progress.
Vancouver Public Library staff members strive to be readily available to Vancouverites. So people can submit research questions via email and a librarian will get back to them within 24 hours.
For more information about the Vancouver Public Library, membership, programs, services and materials, please visit the library's website.


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With over twenty years experience working with home furnishings manufacturers at showrooms in High Point and across the nation, the team at Decorative Magic is uniquely positioned to provide design and project management services for this specialized industry. We understand the critical objectives for successful showrooms — highlighting the newest collections in a manner that compels repeat visits and generates sales. Showrooms are perhaps the best example of spaces designed to communicate the utmost in style, while not overshadowing the products, and of a quality that can look pristine while accommodating the busiest foot traffic. With 80,000 visitors to the High Point Market alone, the products selected for showroom flooring and wall coverings need to be aesthetically pleasing and extremely durable.
The team at Decorative Magic exceeded our expectations with their redesign of our corporate office. Mason and her team completely understood our objectives for our new décor and the quality of the overall design plan, fine products and responsive service was consistently outstanding. The transformation of the entire space, including flooring, painting, upholstery and window treatments resulted in an environment that is contemporary, welcoming and perfectly suited to our business needs.
Chemical Company


text: It's officially Friday and we've decided to close out the week with a quick peek at one of the six new 1/64th scale die-cast vehicles to join the forces of our H-D Custom line-up, the 1929 Ford Model A! This Model A comes in the iconic colors of Harley-Davidson as seen above, with the number 53 and a skull surrounded by Harley-Davidson Motorcycles found painted on the side! When looking for it at your local store or H-D retailer, be sure to keep an eye out for our special H-D Custom blister card or window box packaging with the Harley-Davidson logo shown on the front!


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About Us
O Gorman Construction (Ardfinnan) Ltd is a well-established family run Construction Company, which has been in business since 1978. We have a broad portfolio of projects across a range of sectors including Residential, Restoration/Refurbishment, Commercial, Industrial, Leisure and Government contracts. Our key emphasis is always on quality of build and most importantly customer satisfaction. This has enabled our business to prosper and develop within the industry over the last 30 plus years.
As a family, we know the value of superior quality workmanship. Our sub-contractors are among the best in their line of work and they all have the appropriate qualifications and experience, which is the key to delivering quality work. As all our sub-contractors have been working with us for a number of years they know the quality and attention to detail that we require in delivering quality buildings
At O Gorman Construction (Ardfinnan)Ltd we believe our clients come first, so we will strive to deliver quality projects on time and on budget.
We hope that you all enjoy our website


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French Stork Cookie
French Stork Cookie
from 4.00
- Approx. 2-3/4"
- 3 icing colors (white, poppy & cobalt/light blue/marine blue OR white, light pink, light grey)
- fine detail piping (stripes, stork bundle)
- Inspired by Tiny Prints Baby Shower Invitation: Sweet Bundle: Marina Paisley (Cobalt) Baby Shower Invitation by Vera Bradley for Tiny Prints
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When placing your order, please be sure to enter "12" or greater in the order quantity box below. Thank you!
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Beverley Chamber Music Festival
Held in late September of each year, the Beverley Chamber Music Festival – now run by New Paths – brings world-class music to the delightful market town of Beverley, in the East Riding of Yorkshire. Concerts take place in St Mary's Church, an exceptionally beautiful medieval church at the heart of Beverley's handsome 'Georgian quarter'.
Martin Roscoe has been the Artistic Director of the Beverley Chamber Music Festival since its inception, and he and New Paths' Artistic Director Libby Burgess are now Co-Artistic Directors of BCMF. In its quarter-century history the festival has welcomed an exceptional roster of artists to the East Riding, from violinists Tasmin Little and Jennifer Pike to pianists Peter Donohoe and John Lill, from clarinettist Emma Johnson and soprano Joan Rogers to ensembles such as London Winds, the Opera North Brass ensemble, and the Maggini, Lindsay, Carducci and Ŝkampa Quartets.
The festival was started in 1993 by the artists' agency Hazard Chase and was run by them for eight years. In 2001, after their withdrawal, a local committee was created to take the event forward and to seek to guarantee its longer-term future. In 2018 the latest chapter of the festival's history arrived, with the handing over of the festival to New Paths Music.
The Festival has been funded for many years by the East Riding of Yorkshire Council, with additional support from local sponsors and Festival Friends and Patrons.
The next Beverley Chamber Music Festival runs from 25th to 28th September 2019. Sign up to our mailing list to receive further updates as they become available.
New Paths is proud to have inherited a festival with such a rich cultural history and is excited to be guiding its future direction with co-artistic directors Libby Burgess and Martin Roscoe at the helm.
BCMF started by Hazard Chase
Festival started in 1993. Martin Roscoe is artistic director.
Local committee created
BCMF joins the New Paths family
Libby Burgess and Martin Roscoe are co-artistic directors.


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Receive free standard shipping on orders over $25 to addresses in the continental United States.
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London based activewear brand LNDR have designed the perfect tank for all activities featuring a round neckline and a seamless finish. The technical knitted tank top has a built-in shelf bra for extra support during your workout. Wear it to pilates or a HIIT class at the gym for a stylish silhouette. Styled with matching Peak leggings by LNDR.
Orders over £85 qualify for free delivery. Orders under £85 will be charged at £4 within the UK.
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2011 Wedding Referral List
There are SO MANY amazing and talented vendors in the Niagara Region. We are very privileged to present you with a list of highly qualified individuals who we feel stand-out above the rest! ….. we hope you find this to be a helpful resource in planning your Niagara on the Lake Wedding!