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357 MacKay Ct. $1,649,000357 MacKay Ct. Open Friday 3pm-5pmBeautiful home, easy location and Lake views! Experience the wow factor walking into the front door with an over-sized great room, perfect for entertaining. Two large decks on the top floor provide sweeping views from Heavenly Ski Resort to Tahoe City, with excellent sun exposure and unsurpassed sunsets. Hosted by Ellen Camacho4077 Saddle $679,9004077 Saddle Open Saturday 11am-1pmHeavenly Valley location with amazing lake and mountain … [Read more...]
Archives for June 2013
Open Houses Friday and Saturday June 28th & 29th
9 things you learn when you sell your house
9 things you learn when you sell your house By Brett Martin of Popular Mechanics msn.com We put our house on the market recently. This was our first home, which we've lived in for more than a decade, so we expected to invest a lot of time cleaning, organizing and making some minor repairs that we'd been putting off. Here's what we didn't see coming... … [Read more...]
Open Houses Saturday June 15th
1185 O'Malley $265,0001185 O'Malley Open Saturday 11am-1pmQuintisential 50's Tahoe cabin located on the meadow! Gorgeous views out the back of Heavenly. Built in 1953, this 2 bedroom, 1 bath cabin is the real deal. Come see what could be your darling dream getaway today! Hosted by Natalie Yanish Nickelodeon Motel $450,000 2440 Lake Tahoe Blvd - Open Saturday 11am-1pmHighly visible Highway 50 corner parcel finds this 17 unit partially remodeled motel situated on a sunny .36 acre parcel … [Read more...]
4 Months of Year Over Year Median Price Increase in South Lake Tahoe
Past 4 Months Median Home Price in South Tahoe: Feb- $254,500 Year Over Year Increase of 3.2%Mar- $260,000 Year Over Year Increase of 7.2%Apr- $267,500 Year Over Year Increase of 12.6%May- $270,000.00 Year Over Year Increase of 13.1% Provided by staor.org … [Read more...]
Open Houses Fri & Sat June 7th & 8th
4077 Saddle $699,9004077 Saddle Open Friday 3pm-5pmHeavenly Valley location with amazing lake and mountain views come with this tri level contemp., 4 bedroom. 3.5 bat, chalet with spacious family room on over a quarter acre. Home is set on large parcel that takes advantage of the nearly ski in ski out location but also the saddle- beautifully framed lake view. Hosted by Ellen Camacho Body Essentials $375,000Body Essentials Spa Open Saturday 10am-2pmPRICE REDUCED!Beautifully transformed day … [Read more...]


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Within Reason -David Koonce #2
The Rockstar Energy Uproar Festival came back into town, and Immortal Music attended. There, I met up with David Koonce of Within Reason for a second time. Due to some weather mishaps, the interview ended up being done over email, but its still extremely interesting. It involves new music, videos, a radio station, and a snowman. Curious now? Keep reading to learn more.
1. Its been two years since we last spoke, how have you been and what have you been up to? We have had a lot going on. Most important is our first single "Enemy" has hit nationwide radio. We hope for it to break Top 40 on the Active Rock chart
2. How does it feel to be back on Uproar for you this year and how is it different this year than previous experiences on Uproar?
Uproar is one of our favorite tours. Since we have done this before we knew what to expect when we got here and know what kind of show to put together.
3. Are you guys planning on releasing any new music or music videos for that matter, any time soon?
"Here Comes The Light" will be our next single followed by "We'll Have It All". There will be videos for each. We plan on recording a new album next year
4. Are there any songs out there that you wish you had written that you didn't?
Every songwriter pours a little bit of themselves into each song. From that perspective I don't think there is one out there.
From a commercial perspective sometimes I wish I had the publishing deal on the theme song for "Friends". That gets play at least 6 times a day in syndication. Im sure its a nice royalty check.
5. What was it like playing at the Grammy's earlier this year?
Its was amazing. It was really cool to be there, play and walk the red carpet. Not many artists get to see what its like to be at this industry's highest echelon for a night. It gives us something to shoot for.
6. What is something you've found yourself listening to a lot lately?
I have been listening to a band from Baton Rouge named Startisan. We have played some shows with them. Great band
7. I've asked Chris this before, but I didn't ask you. Name something you listen to that nobody would expect you to listen to?
Frank Sinatra
8. What would your dream concert lineup be? (To take part in.)
2 words: PINK FLOYD
9. What do you like to do in your down time while on the road?
I co-own a film company based in Birmingham. So I have me iMac with me in the bus to edit on. I shoot our shows and things on the road and edit videos.
I also do a radio show 7 days a week and I even do it from the road as well.
10. Which member of the band is most likely to get arrested for something stupid?
Chase. no question
11. What helps lift you up when you're down?
My wife is my balance, especially while I'm on the road. I call here a few times a day and she always brightens my mood.
12. Is there anything you'd like to add before you go?
Thanks for taking the time to catch up. I always like to drop our website www.withinreasonmusic.com
Also...bonus question, if you feel like answering it....do you wanna build a snowman?
Of course. I could have used some snow today in Mississippi. Hot one today.
Big thanks to David Koonce for staying in touch with Immortal Music before Uproar, at the festival and after. Plus, thank you for answering the questions so quickly. Be sure to check out their website, Withinreasonmusic.com. While you're at it, feel free to like their Facebook page, follow them on Twitter, and check out their music on YouTube, Reverbnation and iTunes.
Leave a Reply.
These are interview that I myself have done. They have not been found anywhere, they have not been done for me. They are my work.
July 2016

subset: commoncrawl


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Category: Halal Trade
UAE: Islamic Economy Contributes 8 Percent of Dubai's GDP said DIEDC
Halal industries commanded a 94.5 per cent share of domestic trade in 2016, with halal food representing 58.7 per cent.
Vietnam, Middle East boost trade, investment
Vietnamese firms need to improve transparency, corporate governance and workforce quality, thereby promoting bilateral partnership.
Brazil: BRF SA Looking At A Long Road Back
OneFoods saw good growth in both businesses, but processed food is still less than 20% of the mix in this segment.
UAE: Blockchain Powered Halal Chain Launched in Dubai
HalalChain, a blockchain based platform specialized in traceability of halal industry products will Revolutionize Halal products' compliance.
Pakistan: Al-Rahim gets permission to export chilled Halal meat to Middle East
The Al-Rahim slaughterhouse slaughterhouse is accredited by the Ministry of Climate Control & Environment (MOCCAE) to export chilled beef to UAE.
Australia leading Global Hub of Halal Meat With Muslim Population of Over 500,000
Australia, which has over 500,000 Muslims, has become a leading hub in making and producing halal meats.
UK: Europe's first Eid Shopping Festival comes to Westfield London in June
The London Eid Festival 2018 takes place on 23rd and 24th June 2018 at Westfield London.
Italy: Italian-Arab Bourse: 'halal certificates good for business'
How certifying products as 'halal' can be good for business was discussed with the head of the WHAD-World Halal Development, Annamaria Aisha Tiozzo.
Halal industry can help Indonesia in international trade
Unfortunately, the halal law is considered burdensome for businesses because it is difficult to apply.
UAE: Al Islami Foods sells minority stake to Mitsubishi Corporation
UAE-based frozen meat halal manufacturer Al Islami Foods has sold a minority stake to Mitsubishi Corporation to drive further growth in the global halal market.
Malaysia: MIHAS 2018 records strong sales – the MIHAS Roundup
A total of RM1.52 billion sales were recorded, compared to RM1.01 billion registered last year.
Central Asia countries to increase exports of halal products
Kyrgyzstan is preparing to launch a pilot project of voluntary certification and labeling of products and services for compliance with halal standards.
A boost on the horizon for South African halaal exports
Wesgro, Cape Town and the Western Cape's tourism, trade and investment agency, is leading a trade delegation to Singapore for Food and Hotel Asia.
UK: Breaking Boundaries in Modest Fashion
This weekend saw thousands of Muslims gather for the premier Modest Fashion Live catwalk show at the London Muslim Lifestyle Show in Olympia.
Philippines set for new halal accreditation scheme as officials eye bigger slice of $630bn market
A new halal accreditation scheme for the Philippines will be launched by Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) next month.
Malaysia: Ethical Consumerism and the Importance of Halal Cosmetics
A noticeable growing trend in cosmetics in Malaysia, is in the demand for halal-compliant products.
Spain: Halal industry, protagonist in Alimentaria 2018
One of the novelties of Alimentaria is the expansion of the sample and activities related to the halal industry, called Expo Halal Alimentaria.
Philippines: 1st PHL National Halal Conference slated
The strategic road map includes the launch of the approved Philippine National halal Certification Scheme and the Accreditation Guidelines.
Canada: Halal Beef a huge opportunity for Alberta, say experts
More needs to be done to tap into the huge and growing market for halal meat, say experts, and there is a growing demand in Canada.


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Don't settle, you should love your dental office.
We are accepting new patients and we always do our best to get you in as quickly as possible. Thank you for choosing Riverbend Dentistry!
I am incredibly honored to return to Jefferson City. To be able to practice in my hometown is a dream come true.
I graduated from Helias High School then attended Mizzou where I graduated with honors (with a Fisheries and Wildlife/Pre-Dental degree!) I attended the University of Missouri – Kansas City School of Dentistry where I received the Quintessence Award for Clinical Achievement in Restorative Dentistry.
Although I could have practiced right after graduation, I decided to apply to the General Practice Residency Program at Truman Medical Center-Lakewood to expand my knowledge and skills. I believe it was this training that takes our services to the next level for our patients; I received extensive training in performing multidisciplinary comprehensive dental care to a varied patient base.
I practiced here in Jefferson City for 9 months prior to opening Riverbend Dentistry in April of 2014, providing family and advanced cosmetic dentistry. We jumped in with both feet–completing a full remodel of the office, added two additional staff members, added additional office hours, and we haven't looked back!
My wife, Kim, and I have a son and a daughter. We spend much of our time outdoors with our dog, Kona. I love to hunt, fish, camp, and float, which gave me inspiration for the name Riverbend Dentistry, while also honoring our great river city. We are members of St. Peter Parish and are involved in a number of other community activities. I thank you for welcoming me home and for letting me be your dentist. [Dr. Slaughter is a multi-year winner of City's Best Dentist.]
After working in the medical administration field for 20 years, I was excited to expand my knowledge base to dentistry. I enjoy being outdoors with my two kids, Cole and Cayley. I graduated from Blair Oaks High School and lived in the Wardsville area ever since. I have been at Riverbend Dentistry since the spring of 2015; it's been a joy to get to know all of the wonderful patients who have come to this office for years or they're meeting us for the first time. It's great knowing that we help adults and kids have the best dental office experience possible.
I graduated from Nichols Career Center in 2008 as an Certified, Expanded Functions dental assistant. Right out of school I spent 9 years working at the Community Health Center in Jefferson City taking on many roles (and also worked with Dr. Slaughter briefly there!) Working with people is my passion. I am so happy to be part of Riverbend Dentistry because they make dentistry fun for patients and employees!
I was born in Mexico, MO., but have lived in Jefferson City for most of my life. I graduated from Jefferson City High School in 2002. I have been married to my husband, Chuck, since 2011 and we have three sons, Zain, Landon, and Phoenix. We enjoy camping, canoeing and going to the movies!
Lots of awesome Meghan info coming soon. Welcome to the Riverbend family!
My mother was a practicing Dental Hygienist here in Jefferson City for 35 years and I am proud to continue her tradition of great oral care! I graduated from Jefferson City High School in 2000 and attended Missouri Southern State University on a track/cross country scholarship. I graduated in 2004 as a Registered Dental Hygienist and moved back to Jefferson City, where I have worked as an RDH ever since. My husband, Magnus, is a teacher and enjoys coaching track/cross country. We have twin girls that keep us laughing and on our toes; my family attends Capital City Christian Church. I am excited to be a part of the Riverbend Dentistry team and look forward to many more years serving the Jefferson City community.
I have been a dental assistant for 18 years and I know patients love seeing familiar faces every time they come in! I grew up in Westphalia and graduated from Fatima High School. I currently live in St. Elizabeth with my husband and two daughters. We operate a turkey farm and enjoy spending time with our friends, family, and being outdoors.
For the last 15 years, I've been a certified dental assistant with expanded functions–working at this office location since 2008. I was born and raised in Jefferson City and graduated Jeff City High School in 2002. I completed the Dental Assisting Program at Nichols Career Center in 2003. I have been married to my husband, Brad, since 2006 and we have one daughter. We enjoy spending time with family and friends, to travel, and to be outdoors. Assisting with large, complex cases that often take weeks or months to complete is one of the things I enjoy about my job.
After observing at Riverbend Dentistry in the summer of 2017 (in order to apply to dental hygiene school), I was happy to come on board as a part-time hygiene assistant while I focused on my studies. I graduate as a Registered Dental Hygienist in 2019!
Since high school, I knew that I wanted to work in the medical field and have worked in healthcare positions ever since. I received a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology with a Minor in Business from the University of Missouri – Columbia. While Tyler was receiving his degree in dentistry, I received a Master in Public Administration Degree with a dual emphasis in Medical Services Administration and Nonprofit Management from UMKC along with a Certificate in Fundraising. I recently obtained my fellowship with the American Association of Dental Office Managers.
At the office I lead accounts receivable/payable, database management, social media/marketing, community outreach, and anything else we need at the moment! I love networking with local business owners and donating my time with the Chamber of Commerce, Young Professionals, and other nonprofit organizations. Although I'm originally from the Chicago suburbs, I'm happy to call Jefferson City's east-end our home! [Kim is a Jefferson City Magazine's Ones to Watch 2018 Honoree.]


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6th Ordinary Sunday (Year A)
irst Reading: Sirach 15:15-20 Second Reading: 1 Corinthians 2:6-10 Gospel Reading: Matthew 5:17-37
A story is told about Fiorello LaGuardia, who, when he was mayor of New York City during the worst days of the Great Depression and all of WWII, was called by adoring New Yorkers 'the Little Flower' because he was only five foot four and always wore a carnation in his lapel. He was a colorful character who used to ride the New York City fire trucks, raid speakeasies with the police department, take entire orphanages to baseball games, and whenever the New York newspapers were on strike, he would go on the radio and read the Sunday funnies to the kids.
One bitterly cold night in January of 1935, the mayor turned up at a night court that served the poorest ward of the city. LaGuardia dismissed the judge for the evening and took over the bench himself. Within a few minutes, a tattered old woman was brought before him, charged with stealing a loaf of bread. She told LaGuardia that her daughter's husband had deserted her, her daughter was sick, and her two grandchildren were starving. But the shopkeeper, from whom the bread was stolen, refused to drop the charges. "It's a real bad neighborhood, your Honor." the man told the mayor. "She's got to be punished to teach other people around here a lesson." LaGuardia sighed. He turned to the woman and said "I've got to punish you. The law makes no exceptions--ten dollars or ten days in jail."
But even as he pronounced sentence, the mayor was already reaching into his pocket. He extracted a bill and tossed it into his famous sombrero saying: "Here is the ten dollar fine which I now remit; and furthermore I am going to fine everyone in this courtroom fifty cents for living in a town where a person has to steal bread so that her grandchildren can eat. Mr. Baliff, collect the fines and give them to the defendant." So the following day the New York City newspapers reported that $47.50 was turned over to a bewildered old lady who had stolen a loaf of bread to feed her starving grandchildren, fifty cents of that amount being contributed by the red-faced grocery store owner, while some seventy petty criminals, people with traffic violations, and New York City policemen, each of whom had just paid fifty cents for the privilege of doing so, gave the mayor a standing ovation.
In this story we see how the mayor of New York City maintains & defends the laws under his jurisdiction, not by merely keeping them himself, but much more than that by showing respect, even to the accused and being compassionate to her and helping her out at the same time.
Today is the 6th Sunday in Ordinary time and through the Scripture Readings of today God calls us to a radical way of living. We are called to be more than just moral: God calls us to be virtuous. In today's Gospel Reading St. Matthew emphasizes the close relationship between Jewish Law and the teaching of Jesus. Here Jesus teaches with examples that he has not come to abolish the Law and the prophets but to bring them to completion. In the First Reading Sirach affirms that God knows every human action. He the wise teacher urges his listeners to make the right choice in life. They have the commandments to guide them. In the Second Reading St. Paul reminds the Corinthians that God has many riches for those who love him and tells us that the rulers of this age failed to recognize God's wisdom in Christ crucified. The wisdom, however, is revealed to us by the Holy Spirit.
St. Matthew's gospel, from which today's passage comes, was written primarily for Jewish Christians and throughout his gospel, he constantly uses the Old Testament to show that the life of Jesus is not a breakaway from past Jewish traditions but that it is a continuation of all that was foretold by the prophecies of the Hebrew Testament. In today's Gospel he emphasizes the relation between Jewish Law and the teaching of Jesus, where Jesus says, "Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets. I have come not to abolish but to fulfill. Amen, I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not the smallest letter or the smallest part of a letter will pass from the law, until all things have taken place." In the first sight, this may be astonishing, for often we find in the Gospels that the Pharisees and the Scribes accuse Jesus of breaking the laws, especially the Sabbath law. On the other hand, there is much in Jesus' teaching that is completely new, for, we find Jesus condemning their superficial religiosity and blaming them as being hypocrites. Even in today's Gospel Reading, he warns his disciples – "I tell you, unless your righteousness surpasses that of the Scribes and the Pharisees, you will not enter the Kingdom of Heaven." How to explain this controversy?
Actually, the Jews used the expression 'The Law' in four different ways. They used it to mean –
- The Ten Commandments
- The Pentateuch (The Five Books of Moses)
- The whole Scripture (The Law and the Prophets)
- The Oral or the Scribal Law (Various Rules and Regulations)
In the time of Jesus, it was the last meaning which was the commonest; and in fact, it was this Scribal law which Jesus so utterly condemned, as they were superficial and un-necessarily overburdened the people. The Scribes were the men who worked out these rules and regulations and the Pharisees were the men who separated themselves from ordinary activities of life to keep them all. Actually, in Judaism, observance of the law was considered to be the standard of holiness. Thus the Scribes and the Pharisees considered themselves holy and righteous, but it was merely an external show; in fact, they were far from God.
Jesus, in today's Gospel Reading speaks about the eternal character of the law and they are not the petty rules and regulations, but are great principles. When we look at the Ten Commandments – they are the essence and foundation of all law and their whole meaning can be summed up in one word 'respect,' or even better 'reverence.' Reverence for God and for the name of God, reverence for God's day, respect for parents, respect for life, respect for property, respect for personality, respect for truth and another person's good name, respect for oneself so that no wrong desires overpower us - these are the fundamental principles upon which the Ten Commandments are based - reverence for God and respect for our neighbors and for ourselves. Without them there can be no such thing as law and them Jesus came to fulfill. That reverence and that respect did not consist in obeying a multitude of petty rules and regulations. They consisted not in sacrifice, but in mercy; not in legalism but in love; not in prohibitions which demanded that men and women should not do things, but in the instruction to mold their lives on the positive commandment to love. The reverence and the respect which are the basis of the Ten Commandments have the eternal character and can never pass away – they are the permanent stuff of our relationship to God and to one another.
Again, in the Gospel Reading of today Jesus is explaining the law from this perspective when he gives the true meaning of sinful anger, lust and lying. He says -
"You have heard that it was said to your ancestors – You shall not kill and whoever kills will be liable to judgment. But I say to you, whoever is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment."
"You have heard that it was said - You shall not commit adultery. But I say to you, everyone who looks at a woman with lust has already committed adultery with her in his heart."
"Again you have heard that it was said to your ancestors – Do not take a false oath, but make good to the Lord all that you vow. But I say to you do not swear at all."
The Scribes and the Pharisees kept the Law and the Commandments very carefully. But Jesus would say that though they observed the external requirements of the Law, they did not have the spirit which is the foundation of the Law: to love God and to love the neighbor as oneself. Jesus however, is interested in every line and looks into the interior of things; he looks all the way in to our hearts and he knows our deepest motivations and desires; he is the Wisdom of God.
The First Reading of today from the Book of Sirach invites us to take every advantage to make the right choices in life. We have free will to do it. The reading begins with Sirach's straight forward announcement that God's commandments have the saving power and those who trust in the Lord shall live. Then Sirach shows our choices using terms that are polar opposites. We can choose fire and water, life and death, good or evil. But just so we see things in the proper perspective, he reminds us that God in His immense wisdom and great power has created everything with a certain pattern or organization to it. He further motivates us to make the right choice by stating that God's eyes are on those who fear him. It is a strong image that reminds us that we cannot conceal our thoughts and actions from God. He adds emphatically that God does not command people to act unjustly or give them license to sin. But then that choice will be ours.
In today's Second Reading from his 1st Letter to the Corinthians St. Paul continues his theme of wisdom and refers to the knowledge of understanding God's wisdom, mysterious and hidden. He is profoundly irritated at their factionalism and selfishness and he appeals the Corinthians to engage God's wisdom to remove them from their midst. God's wisdom is centered on Christ crucified, the Lord of glory. This wisdom God has made known since before the beginning of time … God's wisdom has been made known through the Spirit. To those who are receptive, the Holy Spirit will reveal the wisdom of God's plan of salvation in Christ. It will be a real surprise to learn what God has prepared for those who love Him.
In conclusion, all the three Scripture Readings today speak about true freedom and urge us to find true wisdom. We soon come to realize in this life that the free choices we have to make to become moral people are not always black and white, like the choices Sirach uses. Freedom is an eminently Christian virtue and value. But then, life and its choices are complex. To be wise means to choose carefully what choices we make, not through blind obedience, but through thought and prayer. With Christ, there is no new standard, but there is a higher standard that places Christianity heights above the world's measures. It is definitely harder and not just higher, because many of us have not fully understood what true freedom entails. It requires so much more discipline and regularity and only then it becomes spontaneous in the sense that we spontaneously choose Christ anytime, anyplace over anything and everything else. The meaning of spontaneity is not wild abandonment. Instead, it is a freedom to spontaneously choose God above all else. "Blessed are they who follow the law of the Lord!" And this is the Good News of today.


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100 Dmitry Rybovlev - $9.5 billion
He controls Uralkali, one of the largest producers of potash fertilizers in the world. He is a director of Magnetic, a medical enterprise that specializes in the magnetic therapy method developed by Rybovlev's father. He lost more than half his money after a bitter divorce with his wife in 2010.
99 Pallonji Mistry - $9.7 billion
He is the richest person in Ireland. He is of Indian ancestry who chairs the Shapoorji Pallonji Group, a construction firm responsible for Mumbai's biggest buildings. He has an 18.4 percent stake with the Tata Group, the company that owns Jaguar, Land Rover and Tetley Tea. He got his Irish passport in the early 2000s.
98 Klaus Michael Kuhne - $9.8 billion
He is the Executive Chairman and majority owner of Kuhne + Nagel AG, a transportation and logistics company. He is also part of the Albert Ballin KG Group, a firm that kept Hapag Lloyd from leaving Germany. He is now based in Switzerland.
97 Serge Dassault - $9.9 billion
He inherited Dassault Aviation from his father. He is now the Chairman and CEO of the Dassault Group, a company with interests in aerospace engineering, media and software. He is also involved in politics, having once served as the mayor of Corbeil Essones in France.
96 Ananda Krishnan - $9.9 billion
He owns two major telecommunication companies in Malaysia, namely Maxis Communications and MEASAT Broadcast Network Systems. He is the Chairman and CEO of the Usaha Tegas Group Holdings and TAK Corporate Holdings. He is known as an advocate of education in his native country.
95 Hans Rausing - $10 billion
He used to be the Managing Director of Tetra Laval, the largest packaging corporation in the world. Rausing inherited the business from his father. The Swedish businessman also has substantial investments in Eastern Europe, particularly Russia and Ukraine. He is now based in London.
94 Susanne Klatten - $10 billion
She is the majority owner of Altana, a chemical manufacturer based in Germany. She also has substantial shares in BMW. Most of her wealth has been inherited from her father.
93 Johanna Quandt - $10 billion
She comes from one of the richest families in Europe. She owns 17 percent of BMW, which she inherited when her husband passed away. She used to serve as part of the company's Board of Supervisors. She is extremely active in socio-political affairs, pushing for initiatives in the fields of learning and journalism. She is also a supporter of research institutions on child cancer.
92 Peter Kramer - $10 billion
He is the Managing Director of Marine Service GmbH, a shipping engineering and consultancy office. He is known for criticizing Bill Gates' move for billionaires to give away a large percentage of their wealth to charity. Instead, Kramer has called for higher taxes so that the government can do its job of helping the people better.
91 Anthony Malkin - $10 billion
He is the President and majority owner of Malkin Holdings, as well as all its affiliates and subsidiaries. He is an advocate of energy conservation and has led energy efficiency retrofitting projects, including that of the Empire State Building.
90 George Kaiser - $10 billion
He is the President and CEO of Kaiser Francis Oil, an Anglo-American company based in Tulsa in Oklahoma. He is a graduate of the Harvard Business School.
89 Ray Dalio - $10 billion
He is the founder of Bridgewater Associates, a company engaged in global investment management that is based in Connecticut. The company manages around $80 billion in total assets.
88 David de Rothschild - $10 billion
He was born into wealth as part of the Rothschild banking family. He is the founder of Adventure Ecology, a company that helps to raise awareness on environmental and social problems. It also encourages people to practice initiative so that their dreams will come true.
87 Robin Li - $10.2 billion
He is one of the richest entrepreneurs who made their wealth in the Internet. He is the owner of Baidu, the largest search engine in China and the third largest in the world. The technology behind Baidu is an algorithm developed by Li that allows for site scoring and ranking.
86 Steve Jobs - $10.2 billion
He was the founder and chief designer of Apple, Inc. He is responsible for the popularity of the current wave of modern products that we enjoy today, like the iPad, iPhone and iPod.
85 Jack Taylor - $10.4 billion
He is the founder of Enterprise Rent-a-Car Company. He used to be a fighter jet pilot in World War II. He is now involved in philanthropic work, making donations to institutions like the Missouri Botanical Garden and the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra.
84 Carl Icahn - $10.5 billion
He is the chairman of a wide variety of companies, including Adventrix Pharmaceuticals. He also owns the Vector Group. He is known as a corporate raider, especially after his hostile takover of TWA in the mid 80s.
83 Ernesto Bertarelli - $10.6 billion
He was the CEO of Serono, a company that was initially engaged in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. He inherited the company from his father, who founded the company. He then started to focus on biotechnology, allowing the company to more than triple its profits in just 10 years. The company has since merged with Merck. He still handles Ares Life Sciences, a medical technology investment company.
82 James Simons - $10.7 billion
He is the founder of Renaissance Technologies, a hedge fund company. He is a trustee of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, the Institute for Advanced Study at Rockefeller University and the Mathematical Research Institute at Berkeley. He is also a board member at the MIT.
81 Andrey Melnichenko - $10.8 billion
He is the Chairman of EuroChem. He is also the co-founder and owner of MDM Bank. He also has a significant stake in K + S, a potash and fertilizer producer based in Germany. He is also known for owning the most expensive private boat in the world at $300 million.
80 Abigail Johnson - $11 billion
She is the President of Fidelity Investments Personal Workplace and Institutional Services, a company founded by her father. She is also a member of the Committee of Capital Markets Regulation.
79 Ronald Perelman - $11 billion
He is the owner of MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings Inc. He has investments in different industries and fields, from cigar, makeup, cars, photography, camping, security, lottery, banks and even comic books. He is also one of the largest donors to charity every year.
78 Gerald Cavendish Grosvenor - $11 billion
He is the richest man in Great Britain. He is the 6th Duke of Westminster and he owns substantial number of properties. He is also the Chancellor of the University of Chester. He has estates and properties in Lancashire, Cheshire, Scotland, London, Spain and Canada.
77 Stefan Quandt - $11.2 billion
He owns Delton AG, an umbrella corporation that manages all his holdings. Among them is a 17 percent stake in BMW. He also used to be connected with Gemphus International, a digital security company. He also served on the boards of Dresdner Bank AG and Gerling Konzern Allgemeine Versicherungs AG.
76 Aliko Dangote - $11.2 billion
He is the founder, CEO and Chairman of the Dangote Group that he established in 1977. The company now owns or controls a huge percentage of the commodities being traded in his native Nigeria.
75 John Fredriksen - $11.3 billion
He was born in Norway but took up citizenship in Cyprus in 2006. He is the owner of the largest oil tanker fleet in the world. He also owns Meisha and Hemet Holdings, an investment company. He also controls Frontline, Golar LNG, SeaDrill, Golden Ocean Group and Deep Sea Supply.
74 Jorge Paulo Lemann - $11.5 billion
He is the co-founder of Banco Garantia Investment Banking Firm. He also owns Anheuser Busch, the makers of Budweiser. His company also owns a substantial share of the beer markets of Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia. Lemann is one of the kings of beer.
73 Leonid Mikhelson - $11.9 billion
He started out as the chief engineer for companies like Ryazantrubo Provodstroy Trust and Kuybyshevtrubo Provodstroy Trust. He then worked for Novafininvest. After becoming the manager of the company, he renamed it as Novatek. He is still the the CEO of the company that is involved in oil and gas production, as well as pipeline and roadworks construction. He is also the majority owner of Samara-JSC, a huge bank that was established in 2006.
72 Donald Bren - $12 billion
He is the Chairman of the Irvine Group. He is also considered as one of the wealthiest real estate developers in the United States. He is also an active supporter of charitable organizations, donating more than $1 billion to different foundations.
71 Roman Abramovich - $12.1 billion
He is the owner of Millhouse LLC. He started out by stealing fuel intended for the Russian Army. He then made different investments, from doll making to providing bodyguard services. He is also the owner of the London-based football club called Chelsea. He is one of the richest men in Russia.
70 Antonio Ermirio de Moraes - $12.2 billion
He was the Chairman and CEO of the Votorantim Group, a Brazilian conglomerate with interests in cement, oil, iron, food, paper and finance. He is also the President of Hospital da Beneficencia Portuguesa, a hospital intended for Sao Paolo's poor.
69 Savitri Jindal - $12.2 billion
She is the owner of Jindal Steel and Power Limited and JSW Steel in India. She served as the Minister of Power in Haryana until 2010. She was also a member of the Haryana Vidhan Sabha, or the Legislative Assembly.
68 Viktor Vekselberg - $12.4 billion
He was the co-owner and Chairman of Tyumen Oil in the mid-90s before it brokered a deal with British Petroleum. He is the founder of SUAL Holdings, later renamed the RUSAL Company, considered to be the most successful aluminum company in the world. He also owns the Renova Group, a holding company. He is also the head of Skolkovo, a government project that aims to build a center for computer production in Russia.
67 Mohammed Al Amoudi - $12.5 billion
He is the richest black person in the world. He controls more than a third of Ethiopian oil and produces up to four tons of gold each year. He now has mining and oil interests not only in Ethiopia, but also in Sweden and Morocco.
66 Anne Cox Chambers - $12.5 billion
She is the owner of Cox Enterprises, a privately held media company. Her empire stretches from newspapers and radio to television and cable, as well as other media-related businesses.
65 Luis Carlos Sarmiento - $12.5 billion
He is the richest person in Columbia. He owns up to 22 percent of the banking assets in Bogota. He is the founder and CEO of Grupo Aval Acciones y Valores, SA. The company has interests in the fields of telecommunications, real estate and banking.
64 Mikhail Fridman - $12.7 billion
He is the founder of the Alfa Group Consortium, a holding company that has interests in a variety of fields and industries. He also owns Altimo, a subgroup of the Alfa Group that is engaged in the telecommunications industry.
63 Birgit Rausing - $13 billion
She is the wife of the late Gad Rausing, who inherited Tetra Laval, the largest packaging company in the world. After he passed away, Birgit took ownership of Gad's assets, including his shares in the packaging giant.
62 Paul Allen - $13.2 billion
He is the co-founder of Microsoft, along with Bill Gates. He is also the chairman of Charter Communications and Vulcan Inc. He is the owner of the Portland Trailblazers in the NBA, the Seattle Seahawks in the NFL and the Seattle Sounders FC in MLS.
61 Michael Otto - $13.2 billion
He is the owner of the Otto Group, a company based in Germany that is ranked the second highest mail order company in the world after Amazon. He also owned Spiegel Inc., the parent company of Eddie Bauer.
60 Vagit Alekperov - $13.5 billion
He used to be the Deputy Prime Minister of the Oil and Gas Industry in the Soviet Union. He helped establish Langepas Uray Kogalymneft, the first vertically integrated, state-owned oil and energy company in Russia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it became known as LUKoil. He is its largest shareholder and he served as its former President.
59 Joseph Safra - $13.8 billion
He is the founder of Banco Safra, one of the largest private banks in Brazil. He is also the CEO of the Safra Group, which has interests in banking in different countries around the world. He also owns Aracruz Cellulose, a major paper manufacturer that he controls with his brother.
58 Steve Ballmer - $13.9 billion
He is the CEO of Microsoft. He is responsible for the development of the groundbreaking .NET framework platform of the company. This software platform can run on computers, servers, the Internet and even in non-PC devices.
57 Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum - $14 billion
He is the ruler of Dubai and the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates. He owns 99.67 percent of Dubai Holdings. He is an avid collector of racehorses. He is also a lover of sports and has made several unsuccessful bids to own a football team in Europe.
56 Mark Zuckerberg - $14 billion
He owns Facebook, the most popular social media platform in the world today. He is considered as one of the most influential people of the Information Age. He was also responsible for the Synapse Media Player, a music player that uses artificial intelligence to learn a user's listening habits.
55 Phil Knight - $14.1 billion
He is the Chairman and co-founder of Nike. He is also a noted philanthropist by regularly donating to the University of Oregon. The school's library is named after his mother, the law school building after his father and the athletic gym after his late son. He also opened Nike factories in the US that adhere to strict standards after finding out that the factories in Indonesia were sweatshops that operated under despicable conditions.
54 Robert Kuok - $14.5 billion
He is called the Sugar King of Southeast Asia. He has several sugarcane plantations and he also has business interests in hotels and publishing companies. He is considered to be the richest person in the region.
53 Vladimir Potanin - $14.5 billion
He is part-owner of Interros, a holding company that owns Norilsk Nickel, a mining firm, and Sidanco, an oil company. He also heads ProfMedia, a multimedia corporation that owns the rights of MTV and VH1 in Russia. He also heads the National Council on Corporate Governance and the Board of Trustees of State Hermitage. He is also on the board of the Solomon Guggenheim Foundation and the Russian Public Chamber.
52 Alexey Mordashov - $15.3 billion
He is the owner of Severstal, a mining conglomerate based in Russia but with interests in different countries around the world. He amassed a major portion of his wealth in the steel industry in Russia after it was privatized. He is also a known philanthropist and sponsors the Bolshoi and Mariinsky Theatres regularly.
51 Vladimir Lisin - $16 billion
He is the Chairman of Novolipetsk Steel, a steel company based in Russia. He serves on the board of a number of metal producers in his native country. He holds multiple degrees in economics and metal engineering.
50 Michael Dell - $16 billion
He is the founder, CEO and Chairman of Dell, Inc. He was actually pursuing a pre-med degree at the University of Texas when he dropped out after realizing he could earn more by repairing and selling upgraded computers.
49 Cheng Yu Tung - $16 billion
He used to be the CEO of New World Development. The company actually started out as a jewelry business called Chow Tai Fook. It eventually expanded to other businesses and became Chai Tai Fook. New World Development now owns five high-end hotels around the world and properties in Hong Kong and Macau. It also owns Carlyle Hotel in Manhattan and the Sheraton Marina hotels.
48 Rinat Akhmetov - $16 billion
He is the founder of System Capital Management, a company that controls 60 percent o fthe coal and energy production of Ukraine. He is a Member of Parliament in Ukraine and he also owns the Shakhtar Donetsk football club.
47 King Abdullah bin Abul Aziz - $17 billion
He is the king of the oil-rich kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He was also the country's Regent from 1996 to 2005. He also served as Commander of the National Guards from 1962 to 2010.
46 Azim Premji - $17 billion
He is the CEO of Wipro Limited, the umbrella company for the third largest software developer in India. The company has grown by leaps and bounds under his leadership, starting out as a $2.5 million firm to one that is now valued at $1.4 billion.
45 Ricardo Salinas Pliego - $17.4 billion
He inherited Grupo Electrika, a furniture manufacturing company that has evolved into consumer appliances and consumer finance. He is the CEO of TV Azteca, the television channel with the widest reach in the world. He is also the head of Unefon, a telecommunications company, and Grupo Iusacell, a wireless communications entity.
44 Iris Fontbona - $17.4 billion
She inherited her wealth from her late husband Andronico Luksic, the owner of Antofagasta, one of the biggest copper mines in the world. Aside from mining, the family also has interests in industrial, financial and beverage industries in Chile.
43 Alisher Usmanov - $17.7 billion
He is the majority owner of Metallinvest, a company that he founded to safeguard his metal interests. He has interests in iron ore, steel, natural gas and media companies. He is also the chairman of Gazprom Invest Holdings, the investment holding subsidiary of Gazprom, the gas company owned by the state. He is also a shareholder of Arsenal FC in the English Premier League. He also owns Gallagher Holdings, a company registered in Cyprus with interests in oil, gas, media, pharmaceuticals and technology.
42 Mikhail Prokhorov - $18 billion
He was the owner of Norilsk Nickel and turned it into a global energy giant. He then sold his shares in 2007. He has since set up Renaissance Capital, an investment bank. He is also a lover of basketball. He owns the CSKA basketball team in Russia. He also owns the Brooklyn Nets in the NBA. He got ownership rights after agreeing to pay for the construction of a new stadium worth $700 million.
41 Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan - $18 billion
He is the emir of Abu Dhabi and the President of the United Arab Emirates. He owns 66 acres of land in Seychelles where he is building a palace. He has contributed generously to Johns Hopkins University and the University of Wales.and has buildings named after him at those institutions.
40 Theo Albrecht - $18.8 billion
He was a German businessman who co-founded the Aldi grocery store chain with his brother Karl. Theo was in charge of Aldi Nord, or Aldi North, and its counterpart in the United States called Trader Joe's. Karl, on the other hand, handled Aldi Sur, or Aldi South. He passed away in July 2010.
39 Gina Rinehart - $18.9 billion
She inherited Hancock Prospecting from her father, Lang Hancock. The company has a lucrative coal and iron business. She also has media interests through her share in Fairfax Media and Ten Network Holdings. Her company actually has no shareholders so she owns the entire business herself.
38 Sir Evelyn de Rothschild - $20 billion
He is a member of the wealthy Rothschild clan. He has his own holding company called E.L. Rothschild. He was chairman of Rothschild Holdings AG and co-chairman of Rothschild Bank AG. He used to be a director of De Beers Consolidated Mines and of IBM United Kingdom Holdings Limited. He was also part of the board of the Daily Telegraph. He serves as the financial advisor of Queen Elizabeth II.
37 Hassanai Bolkiah Mu' izzaddin Waddaulah - $20 billion
He is the Sultan and Prime Minister of Brunei, a small country in Southeast Asia that has been blessed with abundant supply of oil and natural gas. He owns a giant automobile collection numbering about 6,000 cars.
36 Lakshmi Mittal - $20.7 billion
He is the Chairman and CEO of Arcelor Mittal, the largest steel making company in the world. His family was in the steel business in India, but he established his own steel factory in Indonesia. He led the consolidation process of the global industry, which led to his being named by Time Magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world.
35 John Mars - $21 billion
He is the Chairman of Mars, Inc., the company behind some of the favorite brands in the world like Mars, M&Ms, Milky Way, Snickers and Juicy Fruit. He has been leading a very private, even reclusive, life in his home in Wyoming.
34 Zong Qinghou - $21 billion
He was the CEO of Hangzhou Wahaha Group, the largest and most successful beverage supplier in China. He was viewed as an example of Chinese success against Western influences. He resigned from his position, however, after being accused of siphoning off money by his joint venture partner, the Group Danone.
33 Jacqueline Mars - $21 billion
She inherited her wealth from her father, who co-founded the candy company called Mars, Inc. with her grandfather. She does not own any official position in the company, however. She is a graduate of Bryn Mawr College where she finished with a degree in Anthropology.
32 Forrest Mars Jr. - $21.7 billion
He is the eldest son of the founder of Mars, Inc. He is considered to be the richest man in Virginia. He owns a ranch that is probably rich with coal and natural gas but he has refused to let companies mine the resources. He fears that the water that would be used might dry out his ranch.
31 Eike Batista - $22 billion
He is the Chairman and CEO of the Brazilian conglomerate EBX Group. Batista made his fortune from mining and oil and gas exploration. He is considered to be the richest man in Brazil.
30 George Soros - $22 billion
He is the Chairman of the Open Society Institute and Soros Fund Management. He played a key role in the transition of Hungary from communism to capitalism in the 1980s. He is known as, "The Man Who Broke the Bank of England" after successfully anticipating the British government's move to devalue the pound. He made a billion pounds in the process.
29 Michael Bloomberg - $22 billion
He is the founder and majority owner of Bloomberg L.P., one of the most prestigious financial data services company in the world. He is also the mayor of New York City. He is a noted philanthropist who has given $300 million to Johns Hopkins University.
28 David Thomson - $23 billion
He is the Chairman of Thomson Reuters Corporation. The company has interests in financial services, healthcare, law, science and technology, tax and accounting. He is also the owner of the Winnipeg Jets in the NHL.
27 Sergey Brin - $23 billion
He is the co-founder of Google after he developed with Larry Page a computer technique to match his data mining system that allows for superior search. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He is an activist when it comes to environmental issues.
26 Larry Page - $23.4 billion
He is the CEO of Google. He is also into research of alternative sources of energy. He was the recipient of the Maxim Foundation Prize in 2004, the highest award available in the field of engineering.
25 Lee Shau Kee - $24 billion
He is the owner of Henderson Land Development. The firm has interests in properties, hotels, town gas and Internet services.
24 Stefan Persson - $24 billion
He is the Chairman and majority shareholder of H&M, a fashion company founded by his father Erling Persson. He also has significant holdings in Hexagon, a technology company based in his native Sweden.
23 Jeff Bezos - $24 billion
He is the founder and CEO of the online merchant Amazon.com, Inc. The site started out as a seller of books before eventually expanding into a wide gamut of products. It is now the largest retailer in the Internet and considered as the model for online sales.
22 Michele Ferrero - $24.8 billion
He is the owner of Ferrero SpA. It is the company that produces Nutella, Tic Tacs, Ferrero Rocher, Kinder Chocolate and Kinder Eggs.
21 Sheldon Adelson - $25 billion
He is the Chairman and CEO of Las Vegas Sands Corporation, parent firm of Venetian Macao and The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino. His wealth can be traced through his involvement with COMDEX, the annual computer technology show. The money he earned in COMDEX was used to buy and raze down the legendary Sands Hotel to give way to The Venetian.
20 Mukesh Ambani - $25 billion
He is the chairman and CEO of Reliance Industries Limited. He has been the richest Indian for five years now. He is a board member of Bank of America Corporation. He is also considered as the richest owner in sports in the world as he controls the cricket club Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League.
19 Karl Albrecht - $26.5 billion
He is the founder of the German discount supermarket chain Aldi. He is the richest man in Germany. Born in February 1920, he is the oldest billionaire in the list.
18 Liliane Bettencourt - $28 billion
Her real name is Liliane Schueller. She is the only child of Eugene Schueller, the founder of L' Oreal, one of the largest cosmetics and beauty companies in the world. She married the French politician Andre Bettencourt in 1950 before inheriting the company in 1957.
17 Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud - $29 billion
He is the nephew of the King of Saudi Arabia. He is known as the "Warren Buffett of Saudi Arabia" because of his investment savvy. He is an avid collector of exotic cars, lavish palaces and expensive airplanes.
16 Bernard Arnault - $29 billion
He is a French businessman and art collector. He is the Chairman and CEO of LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton S.A. He is also the Chairman of Christian Dior S.A.
15 Li Ka-Shing - $31 billion
He is the Chairman of Hutchison Whampoa Limited, the largest operator of container terminals in the world, and Cheung Kong Holdings, the largest health and beauty retailer on earth.
14 Bhumibol Adulyadej - $31 billion
He is the King of Thailand. He is the longest-reigning monarch and longest-serving head of state in the world.
13 Alice Walton - $32 billion
She is the only daughter of Sam and Helen Walton. She is the Chairman of the Walton Family Foundation. She is considered to be the second richest American woman.
12 Samuel Robson Walton - $32 billion
He is the eldest son of Helen and Sam Walton, the founder of Walmart, the largest retailer in the world. He became the Board Chairman of the company in 1992 after his father passed away.
11 Jim Walton - $33 billion
He is the youngest son of Sam and Helen Walton. A graduate of the Univesity of Arkansas, he is also the Chairman of Arvest Bank.
10 Christy Walton - $34 billion
She is the widow of John Walton, the son of Sam and Helen Walton. Her husband passed away in 2005. She is considered to be one of the greatest female philanthropists in the world.
9 Vladimir Putin - $40 billion
He is the Prime Minister of Russia. He was also its former President who led the country's economic transformation. Though critics question his human rights record and foreign policy making, he has remained popular with its citizens.
8 Larry Ellison - $43 billion
He is the co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of Oracle Corporation, one of the leading enterprise software companies in the world. He is also the owner of 98 percent of Lanai Island in the state of Hawaii.
7 Charles Koch - $43 billion
He is the co-owner, Chairman and CEO of Koch Industries, Inc. The company is involved in oil refining, chemicals, minerals, fertilizers, polymers, fibers, pollution control equipment, commodity trading and others. He is also a co-founder of the Cato Institute.
6 David Koch - $43 billion
He is the co-owner and Executive Vice President of Koch Industries, Inc., which is considered to be the second largest privately held company in the United States. He once ran for the vice presidency of the United States in 1980 as a member of the Libertarian Party.
5 Ingvar Kamprad - $49 billion
He is the founder of IKEA, a company that sells household items known for its low prices and cost-saving measures. He started out selling matches before he expanded to ballpens, decorations and seeds. IKEA was born after he added furniture to his items for sale.
4 Warren Buffett - $53.5 billion
He is the majority shareholder, Chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, the most expensive stock to own in the world. He is considered to be the most successful investor of the past century. He is also a noted philanthropist as he is committed to giving away 99 percent of his wealth to charitable organizations.
3 Amancio Ortega Gaona - $57 billion
He is the co-founder and Chairman of the Inditex Group, a Spanish fashion and clothing merchandiser. The company boasts of brands like Zara, Massimo Dutti, Tempe, Stradivarius, Pull and Bear and Bershka. He is considered to be one of the richest men in Europe.
2 Bill Gates - $67 billion
He is the co-founder and Chairman of Microsoft, the largest personal computer software company in the world. He stepped down as its CEO in January 2000. He has been involved in philanthropic work the past few years, establishing the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2000. The foundation has been mostly involved in the alleviation of poverty around the world through the promotion and uplifting of education and health care standards.
1 Carlos Slim Helu - $78 billion
He is a Mexican investor and philanthropist. He is the Chairman of Grupo Carso, SA de CV, a conglomerate that has substantial holdings in a variety of Mexican companies. He is also the Chairman and CEO of Telmex and America Movil. The latter is one of the largest mobile phone carrier in Latin America. He is also the Chairman and CEO of Samsung Mexico. He has been the richest person in the world since 2010.


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Good morning!
Today I am sharing this card on the Sweet 'n Sassy blog using the Send Me stamp set from this month's release, along with Living Water and My Friend.
All three sets are designed for the Creative Worship line which is geared toward bible journaling. Although I really love using them that way, I also like to pull words and images to create a card….so you can get more bang for your buck! This one is clean & simple…a very quick card after I figured out how I wanted to make it. lol.
Have a great day!
stamps- Sweet 'n Sassy Send Me, Living Water and My Friend; paper- white, black, SU! Soft Sky; ink- Memento Tuxedo Black; accessories- Copics, Stickles.


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a river in SE Mississippi, flowing S to the Pascagoula River. 210 miles (338 km) long.
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2019
Examples from the Web for chickasawhay
They was a big patch of woods off to the east, and no much open land between us and the Chickasawhay River.Slave Narratives, Oklahoma|Various


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Time is our most precious commodity. With concierge services, we are not only able to work together at my office, but conduct sessions via phone or video conferencing. We can continue our work together even if you are traveling. This promotes continuity of your progress, saves you time, and maximizes your privacy. All phone calls and E-mails are handled by myself personally.
As a Boutique Concierge Psychologist, I limit the number of clients I take. This gives me the ability to pay full attention to each client and be available for consultation between sessions via phone or video conferencing as needed. My goal is to provide you with the highest level of care and results.


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Men's Basketball
UT Arlington in familiar position: Sun Belt spotlight
UT Arlington fifth-year senior guard Drew Charles has worn a small hole in the side of his right shoe as he jogs off the practice court at College Park Center for media availability.
The Azle native and "glue guy" has just finished a defensive drill that emphasizes changing to halting, choppy steps while approaching a ball-handler.
And yelling. Lots of yelling at the guy with the ball.
It doesn't take much exposure to coach Scott Cross' program to figure out that, though it may be the most frequently repeated word on campus, "toughness" is more than a talking point at UTA. It's visible in Cross' focus on tracking the number of times his team dives on the floor for the ball during a game.
It was visible on Dec. 8 when the Mavericks held then No. 12 St. Mary's to a season-low 51 points and forced 16 Gaels turnovers in the first win over a Top 25 team in program history. And it's visible in the way the intensity of UTA practice has Charles busting through his sneakers.
"Toughness is just the culture," Charles said.
It was one of those tough culture moments in the first half at St. Mary's that, though it wouldn't show up in the box score, gave forward Kevin Hervey the sense that the Mavericks had the upset brewing.
"It was a loose ball and, looking at film you could see that two [St. Mary's players] could have dived for the ball," Hervey said. "But before they could get there, three of our guys fly in for it and get on the floor for it. We didn't win that possession because the ball went out of bounds, but that's when you could feel it, that we were the tougher team that night."
Those kinds of moments have begun to pile up over the past season and a half, and some high-profile wins have followed. Last year it was back-to-back road wins at Ohio State and Memphis. This season, after stumbling to a 1-3 start with consecutive road losses at Minnesota, Florida Gulf Coast and Arkansas, the Mavericks got their first-ever win over Texas, in Austin, before raising even more eyebrows by not only winning at St. Mary's but controlling the game throughout.
So here comes UTA (10-3), once again a mid-major apple in the eye of college basketball prognosticators as Sun Belt Conference play approaches. The Mavericks were picked to win the Sun Belt in the annual coaches' poll, with Hervey, averaging 13.7 points and 7.4 rebounds per game, named the preseason player of the year.
By all accounts, UTA is comfortable having a bit of chatter surrounding the program. With the skins this team has hung on the wall over the last two seasons, these Mavericks aren't sneaking up on anyone anymore.
"The buzz is great, but that's not where our focus is. Because we're focused on the right things, when the buzz does come around, we're cool with it," Hervey said. "Because our focus is on how hard we play every day, we don't feel as much pressure ourselves against big-name teams. We get those wins, we can live in that moment a little bit because we know tomorrow when we wake up the focus is going to be the same it was today. So we read the headlines and we take pride in how hard we work."
Hervey was a big reason UTA was in a similar situation a season ago, averaging 18.1 points and 9.8 rebounds per game before tearing the ACL in his left knee in pregame warmups before a 91-64 home win against Arkansas State on Jan. 21. The Mavericks went 8-6 the rest of the regular season before bowing out of the Sun Belt tournament in the semifinals and going two rounds deep in the Collegeinsider.com postseason tournament.
Cross said that Hervey is almost back to being 100 percent of the player he was before the ACL tear, after easing the junior into his workload. Hervey was on the floor for an average of 21.8 minutes in UTA's first six games, versus 28.8 minutes per game in the team's last seven, including 31 minutes in the win at Texas and a season-high 36 minutes in a 56-51 win at Bradley on Dec. 16.
"It's helped a lot. It takes some of the pressure off [Hervey], and it makes you more difficult to guard as a team," Cross said. "From a rebounding perspective he's not all the way there yet. It's just getting confidence in that knee in terms of blocking a guy out or crashing the offensive boards, and I think once he gets that, you'll probably see his rebound numbers go from seven or eight to 10 or 12 a game pretty consistently."
Hervey may have been rounding that corner as his coach spoke, because the Arlington Bowie graduate corralled 14 rebounds at Bradley and 13 more in UTA's 80-77 win at Loyola Marymount on Thursday. That's a good sign for the Mavericks, whose offensive efficiency is a step ahead of where it was a year ago.
Last season, UTA outworked opponents on the boards on its way to a 24-11 season. The Mavericks led the nation in total rebounds per game and took games away from opponents by out-possessing them. This year is a different story.
"As good as we're playing defense, we're giving up too many offensive rebounds and extra possessions," Cross said. "Last year, we could shoot awful, but we pounded people on the boards, and then we turned them over way more, so we would have 15-20 more shots than opposing teams. We're not getting that this year. The reason we're winning this year is that we're highly efficient offensively."
It's pieces like Charles (7.6 points per game, 46 percent 3-point shooting), Jalen Jones (12.7 points) and Erick Neal (9.9 points, 6.8 assists) in the backcourt that have evolved their own game and coalesced around the potential game-changer in Hervey to create an offensive machine that paces the Sun Belt in talent.
Charles, who is closer to his MBA than to the NBA, knows this team has the tools to put together a second conference championship and second NCAA Tournament berth in the Cross administration. He's been talking about it ever since UTA lost to New Jersey Institute of Technology in the Collegeinsider.com Tournament quarterfinals on March 24.
"The CIT's a great tournament, and it was an awesome experience," Charles said. "But the next day, we were setting our goals for this year, and that [an NCAA Tournament berth] was at the top of our list."
The Mavericks will likely have to tough out a Sun Belt tournament championship in order to make that happen. Regular-season Sun Belt play begins Saturday, Dec. 31, when UTA hosts Coastal Carolina. Tipoff at College Park Center is scheduled for 4:30 p.m.
Matthew Martinez; 817-390-7760; @MCTinez817
Pat Binzer's layup against Texas. Things are better with Titanic music. #MavCity @TitanicOnThings pic.twitter.com/o2NFmJQIPQ— Josh Sours (@JoshSours) December 2, 2016


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This is your jam! We all add to the fun and learning!
Fun Jam and more!
Simply put, our mission is develop as balloon artists and professionals. As we raise the bar of where we need to be with our art and successful businesses.
Stay Tuned!
We hold ourselves to a standard that's higher than anyone else in the industry. Lead my example and treat each other with respect as we all create an atmosphere of fun and learnin


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Revealing Our November Brit Kits!
We are way more than halfway through November, and you know that means? All of you awesome Brit Kits subscribers totally have your November Brit Kits. This month's project is one of our all-time favorites on the site: The Zipper Necklace!
This was such a fun project to make, we couldn't resist turning it into a kit. It's the perfect colorful statement necklace for all year round, but the bold hues are particularly awesome for holiday style. If you missed out on this month's kit, you can snag one for $25 right here in our shop.
Each kit contains:
– 3 black zippers
– 4 multi-colored zippers
– gold chain
– black vinyl
– necklace template
– needle nose pliers
– E-6000 glue
If you've got the kit, you've got all the instruction you need for how to make this necklace. For more pointers, be sure to check out the original tutorial.
Our favorite part is definitely using the zipper to attach the chain to your necklace plate — who knew zippers could be so versatile and stylish?
We do hope you enjoy this month's kit! And if you're a subscriber, be sure to snag one of these kits a la carte in the Brit + Co. shop.
Happy necklace-making!
Got a question about Brit Kits? Or the shop? Hit us up in the comments below.


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Candidates with 10+ experience in AR COLLECTION NEED ONLY APPLY.
Candidate working with Global Shared Servies , BPO , KPO , IT / ITES ECOMMERCE industry need only apply
Candidate must be currently in GM , AVP , VP , DIRECTOR or similar levels need only apply
Must be from ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE / ORDER TO CASH background.
About company
One of the leading ITES MNC E-Commerce company
Job Location:
Candidate willing to relocate need only apply
Job Description:
Lead a team of 50-60 employees and will report into Senior Manager, Global AR.
Responsible for coordinating and representing the interests of Finance Operations receivables group within organisation in the areas of Vendor/client dispute management, Invoicing, Remittance Application and Collections.
Performs autonomously, initiates and manages complex, departmental and/or cross- company work.
Managing process workload and establishing priorities.
Is expected to set and improve policies and procedures, maintaining full compliance, implementing best practices.
Driving organizations collection strategy, plays a leaders role in improving collection efficiencies, spearheads development and implementation of collection tools and other automation.
Building long term relationship to improve collection lifecycle. Stakeholders and customer management.
Evaluating and communicating accounts receivable controllership risks with the Finance Operations
13-19 years( minimum 10 yrs of exp in AR COLLECTIONS )
Educational Qualification:
Any Graduate(Full time)
Accounting Collections Financial Operations Accounts Receivable Customer Management Ites


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In 2013 I was fresh out of university when a friend told me about a job going as an MP's researcher in Westminster. It was fascinating to be at the heart of British politics, cycling past the armed police and ministerial Jaguars every morning, then writing speeches, or notes for meetings with foreign leaders.
But after a few weeks in an ornate, if slightly dilapidated, office, I realised I'd entered an anachronistic place where outrageous behaviour was common. I was well treated, but walking through the gothic corridors and talking to colleagues over lunch, it became clear that others' political dreams had quickly become nightmares. "Take your little fucking pencil and write this down," I saw an MP yell at his media assistant. One staffer had to help organise a birthday party for her boss's child; more unusually, an assistant told me she'd been tasked with caring for her boss's chicken eggs in an incubator in the office until they hatched (at which point the MP took them home).
I left Westminster after a year to pursue journalism, but always wondered whether this opaque institution would ever change. In the last 12 months, it has become clear that the things I heard and saw only scraped the surface. Last October, shortly after the Harvey Weinstein allegations emerged, the political blog Guido Fawkes published a spreadsheet of anonymous accusations against about 40 Conservative MPs who were said to have harassed their teams, or were described as "handsy" or "inappropriate" or "perpetually intoxicated". Around the same time, many complainants started to come forward publicly. This sparked a cross-party review into MPs' staffing and complaint procedures, led by Andrea Leadsom, leader of the Commons.
This month, Westminster was plunged into scandal again, when Dame Laura Cox published a 155-page report into the treatment of Commons staff, which found that high-level figures had "tolerated and covered up" abuses including MPs "patting women's heads", "trying to kiss them" and "stroking their breasts or bottoms". At the time of going to press, pressure was mounting on Commons speaker John Bercow, accused of bullying staff in his private office (something he denies), to step down.
Cox's report is the first independent review of the way Commons staff are treated and supports the case for urgent change. But there has not yet been a similar investigation into MPs' private staffers: the assistants, researchers and advisers whom they are allowed to employ directly, with no supervision over recruitment or management, and whose mistreatment first prompted Leadsom's review.
How deep are the problems in my eccentric former workplace? Over the past few months, I interviewed nearly two dozen staffers, currently or formerly working for Westminster MPs. Almost all described a high-stress, chaotic and at times abusive environment.
Former parliamentary assistant Margot was thrilled to get a job in politics a few years ago, when she was in her mid-20s, but soon found herself a personal lackey, often doing private work instead of the constituency casework she was hired for – something that is against parliamentary rules. She spent three days designing a website for her MP's wife's company, and was then sent to the couple's home to show his wife how to use it. At other times, she was told to run an online auction to sell her MP's livestock collection and find people to write references so he could apply to a private members' club. "It would have been so hard to say no to whatever I was asked to do," she tells me. "I assumed it was par for the course, although I recognised it was outside of my duties. Had I wanted to complain, I would have had no idea how."
Her boss, who is still an MP, shouted and swore at staff and told racist and sexist jokes, she and other members of his team tell me. With four full-time assistants paid from his parliamentary staffing allowance (this is £153,620, or £164,460 for London MPs), who helped with his personal life and political work, the MP spent significant time consulting for private businesses and attending board meetings. More than once, staff opened his office door and found him playing computer games in the middle of the day. "All I could really do was roll my eyes," Margot says. "Because these people are more powerful, you just have to put up with it."
Others I spoke to sat in their MPs' homes waiting for technicians to install broadband boxes, or were dispatched to buy socks. Some told me of MPs sending staffers to their houses to let their pets out or babysit. Some have made their allegations public, including Aisha Ali-Khan, a staffer to the former Respect MP George Galloway. Following her dismissal in 2012, she said she spent much of her job planning Galloway's wedding, looking after his house and working for the Viva Palestina charity, although Galloway denies this.
But most alleged misuse and abuse has gone unreported, as the power imbalance often makes it impossible to speak up. "We are set up like small businesses by ourselves, but without any of the oversight that probably even small businesses have to adhere to," the Green party MP Caroline Lucas tells me. "MPs appear to think they live in a bubble where special rules apply to them – it is a particularly bizarre working environment." Lucas was part of the committee that developed the new Westminster-wide behaviour code, voted through by MPs this summer. The committee also approved a process to independently investigate complaints from MPs' staffers, a new independent advice service, and management training for MPs.
Parliament's staffing arrangements have been ripe for abuse since they were created. In 1969 MPs gave themselves the first hiring allowance, a measly £500 annually (about £8,000 in today's money) to pay for part-time secretaries, who huddled in crowded typing pools in the bowels of Westminster, routinely overworked and often without proper contracts. Two years later, the first political assistants arrived, paid for by the Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust, a group funded from the fortunes of a confectionery business, whose trustees felt senior opposition MPs were struggling to do their jobs. The assistants were known as "chocolate soldiers", in homage to their funders.
One of the first chocolate soldiers, Archy Kirkwood, recalls walking into the Westminster library on his first day in August 1971, aged 25, and MPs turning to him in confusion. "People were very curious about what somebody helping a member of parliament would do," says Kirkwood, who went on to be a Liberal Democrat MP for 22 years, and now sits in the House of Lords. "We were objects of interest and I had the run of the whole place – access all areas."
British politics was an amateurish world in those days. Many MPs did not have individual offices and some did not even have a desk. They huddled into the Westminster library or sat on benches in corridors, writing missives in longhand and posting their own correspondence. As staff have grown– by more than 70% since 2000, including in constituencies – they have changed this picture. "I think they have made the member of parliament much more effective and efficient in the chamber and committees," the former Labour MP David Blunkett tells me. "And the service provided [by MPs to citizens] is much better than it was 30 years ago."
Yet staffers' jobs have not modernised in turn. MPs are not required to advertise jobs or trained to interview people. This can make the hiring process unprofessional or even discriminatory, as many people told me. "I am not sure about her," one former staffer recalls her boss saying of a job applicant, after an interview, while mocking her African surname.
Daniel, who has worked for four MPs in the last seven years, was shocked when he joined his first boss as she interviewed a candidate for a year-long unpaid internship. The MP turned to him mid-interview and said, "He seems all right – we should hire him." When the applicant asked if she would consider paying travel expenses, the MP revoked the job offer and refused to consider any more candidates from the same university.
Daniel, who still works in Westminster, says the lack of supervision also enables MPs to dismiss people arbitrarily. He was fired from his first researcher job in 2012 without warning or specific reason, he says. "Please don't come back again," he recalls his MP saying one morning. She told him not to bother serving his notice period, saying he didn't understand politics: "You don't get it, and you are never going to get it." A colleague working for the same MP came to Daniel a year ago, after he, too, was intimidated and mistreated. He advised him to move on. "Seven years ago she was like that, and she is still like that now."
Twelve months after being fired, Daniel was hired by a different MP as an adviser, but his difficulties continued. He was given so much work that for up to three nights a week he wouldn't even go home, instead catching a few hours' sleep in an armchair in his boss's Westminster office. "It felt like this was how you proved yourself. You show you can be good at the job, to get on in politics." He stayed in that job until two years ago, when he moved to work for a different MP, then a senior member of his party. He is now happy at work, but says that Westminster remains a toxic place for many colleagues.
Timothy, who has worked for two MPs and now does ad hoc work for another, paints a similar picture. After incessant bullying from his former boss, a senior female MP, he decided to leave his job a few years ago. He would routinely wake up to streams of abusive texts and emails sent by his MP in the middle of the night, was belittled throughout the day ("I must get a better person to help me") and shouted at as tourists walked past. In some ways he considers himself one of the lucky ones, because he did not encounter physical violence. "It was impacting on my relationship with my partner, on my mental and physical health." He complained to an official in his party, who offered to speak to the MP, but Timothy thought "it would only have made matters worse."
Figures from parliament's staff union, Unite, this February show just how widespread such behaviour remains: 27% of surveyed MPs' staff said they had been bullied or experienced "intimidating behaviour" from their bosses, and 14% said they had been sexually harassed.
Georgina Kester, chairwoman of Westminster's staff association, Mapsa, and a senior assistant to a Tory MP, tells me she has known about staff mistreatment for years, but frequently felt powerless when colleagues approached her. "Often it was [just] offering boxes of tissues and shoulders to cry on because there was no process" for dealing with abuse, she says – although she believes this has changed since the new grievance procedure was introduced by Leadsom. This gives parliament's standards commissioner the authority to confidentially investigate complaints. Before then, MPs' staff who called Westminster's advice hotline were frequently told to redirect complaints to their line manager, who was often the alleged perpetrator.
And sometimes it is MPs' staffers who abuse Westminster's disorder. Some politicians have little idea what their employees are doing all day. I met one former staffer who spent several weeks launching a startup. Some were bored with the job after four years there, but told me there was no sense in leaving – they could work on their business while still receiving a salary and a free office. Abandoned workers are particularly visible during "recess", the roughly 20 weeks during which parliament is not in session and MPs are away. One former staffer described their summer recess routine as going "from breakfast to elevenses to lunch".
Westminster's odd working conditions also have serious implications for the diversity of British politics. Countless senior politicians begin their careers as staffers, including justice secretary David Gauke and former prime minister David Cameron. But getting hired usually "comes down to if you know someone locally, or a friend of a friend", says Robert Dale, staffer to a Labour MP until 2015. He tells me of a colleague whose own girlfriend took over his job after he left parliament. One MP I met would only consider researchers from Oxford and Cambridge. Like many, I found out about my own Westminster job by chance, via a friend who knew the MP's senior assistant.
It also helps to be related or married to your boss: more than 100 MPs currently employ their relatives with public money, according to parliament's register of members' financial interests. Among them is Labour's Margaret Beckett, whose husband Leo, in his 90s, has worked for her for decades. In a rare instance of intrusion into staffing, last March parliament's standards authority banned MPs from hiring family members, saying it hindered diversity and transparency, although relatives who were already employed can remain. Archy Kirkwood tells me he "made no secret" of employing his wife, that she worked hard and "would never let me down", but acknowledges some MPs have been less conscientious. "The only person in the world I would trust to handle constituency business in London in my absence would be my wife," he says. "But [the system] was abused. It was." Emma, another former researcher for an MP, says her boss employed his wife on the highest pay band (currently almost £50,000 a year), but it was unclear how much work she did.
Several staffers are keen for Westminster to take control of employment. Others want parliament to hire a central pool from which MPs could select people, or at least make HR professionals sit in on interviews. At present the parliamentary standards authority, Ipsa, deals with the administration of jobs and paying salaries, but does not supervise or enforce on a day-to-day basis. But other staff, as well as most MPs, vehemently oppose politicians giving up their hiring power. Margaret Beckett is among them. Being a politician "is not just your livelihood – it is your life," she says. "You have got to be comfortable with the people you are working with and not have them picked for you." She continues: "There are a lot of people around here, including Ipsa, who are looking to expand their empire, who would love to do all the hiring and say to MPs, 'Here is a bunch of people, they say they support [your] party', you can have one of them.' Get stuffed." (This month Beckett told the BBC that, when it comes to the question of Bercow's future, "[Brexit] trumps bad behaviour.")
Next January, Leadsom and her cross-party group of MPs, lords and staff representatives will meet to discuss their reforms and further plans. "This is the beginning, not the end of our efforts to change the culture of parliament," Leadsom said in July. The Commons has also met, following Cox's revelations, to discuss how to help its own employees. But it remains to be seen whether this momentum will be enough to reshape such a conservative workplace.
"We are light years ahead of where we were," says Lucas, part of Leadsom's panel. "But you have got MPs marking their own homework." A committee including MPs has the final vote on whether to give colleagues serious punishments. "That is not acceptable and it is not going to get people to have confidence in the system." Many staffers feel even more strongly. "This crisis should have prompted systemic change, and it hasn't," Daniel says. "Fundamentally, the same problem applies: you are complaining about someone who holds your future career in their hands."
• Names of staffers have been changed.
If you would like a comment on this piece to be considered for inclusion on Weekend magazine's letters page in print, please email firstname.lastname@example.com, including your name and address (not for publication).


text: Come celebrate with the Secret Transmission Crew as they play a game show for their podcast anniversary! Play along at home too! Toby is the host with all the questions from the show, while Rudy, Kristen, and Addison attempt to remember the answers! Who will win? Will the Secret Transmission Crew give their Secret Origin story again? All this and more probably won't be answered as we... TRY TO EXPLAIN THE UNEXPLAINABLE! ______________________________________ GET 10% OFF YOUR FIRST CRATE ORDER OF CRYPTID CRATE WITH PROMO CODE "SECRETPOD" http://www.cryptidcrate.com ______________________________________ We are proud members of the Dark Myths! Check out other great shows on DarkMyths.org Follow them on Twitter and Facebook for updates! #DarkMyths Twitter: @DarkMythsPods _______________________________________ Our show is available on iTunes, Stitcher, Google Play, TuneIn Radio, the Satchel app, and YouTube! Just search for "Secret Transmission Podcast" Please subscribe, rate, and review! Order a shirt to help support the show! http://teepublic.com/user/secrettransmission Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SecretTransmission Twitter: @secrettranspod https://twitter.com/secrettranspod Instagram: @secrettranspod https://www.instagram.com/secrettranspod/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SecretTransmissionPodcast/ Secret Transmission's Secret Group https://www.facebook.com/groups/1437706986282724/?fref=mentions Email: email@example.com Voicemail: (304)602-7444 Thank you for listening!


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Education bill expected to help Valley districts
No school districts in Fresno County would be subject to closures under the proposed legislation, said Larry Powell, superintendent of the Fresno County Office of Education.
While the West Fresno and Fresno Unified school districts have faced state sanctions in recent years, both are improving. "I don't see any of our schools impacted by this legislation," Powell said.
The West Fresno district was hit by intensive sanctions and was ranked low among the state's most-troubled districts. But recent improvements have helped turn the district around, Powell said. Fresno Unified received moderate sanctions and also is making improvements, he said.
The legislation will help Fresno County schools, Powell said. "It puts us in the race for federal money."


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Is your workplace fit for the future? Is your building ready to adapt to a brave new world of flexibility? The way we work is changing, so landlords and employers need to prepare.
In an article for the RICS Property Journal, 361 Degrees design expert Iain Kyle describes how heating and air conditioning systems need to be planned not only with current occupants in mind, but also with an eye on the future. An eye on who is likely to work in a building, and how they might carry out that work.
As people begin to understand more about the indoor environment and how it affects their health, happiness and productivity, staff are demanding more from the workplace. Effective air conditioning regulates temperature, prevents the spread of disease and contributes to an overall atmosphere that is now seen not as a luxury, but as a basic right and expectation.
In the article, Iain explains how a budget approach to HVAC at the expense of staff comfort is simply "not acceptable" in the modern workplace. "I think one of the main challenges facing the industry is isolating mechanical services and not seeing the wider picture," he says. "If you have a poorly designed or installed system that creates a poor working environment, you end up with high staff turnover and low productivity."
You'll find the article by 361 Degrees' Lewis English on page 26 of the below edition of the RICS Property Journal.


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Country star and reality singing competition personality Blake Shelton is bringing his restaurant Ole Red to Orlando.
Ole Red is slated to open in 2020 at the Icon Orlando 360 complex, the entertainment and dining district that includes the Icon Orlando observation wheel, Sea Life Aquarium and Madame Tussauds wax museum.
The restaurant is a partnership between Shelton and Ryman Hospitality Properties and the companies said the restaurant is a $15 million project.
Ole Red serves "southern food, hospitality and live country music." It will be the fourth restaurant for the brand and the online menu shows dishes such as burgers, steaks, ribs, brisket and bison chili, Nashville hot chicken and waffles and fried catfish.
The name for the restaurant comes from a song Shelton covered in 2001 and included on his 2002 self-titled album. It was one of his biggest hits and a favorite at live concerts. The song, originally performed by George Jones, is about a prison bloodhound that pursues escapees.
Shelton is an Oklahoma-born country star that has also been a coach on the NBC reality singing show The Voice since 2011.
Construction on the restaurant is set to start in 2019.
Ole Red isn't the only country star-themed restaurant coming to Central Florida. Rascal Flatts are opening the eponymously named eater at the Margaritaville Resort Orlando, which is slated to start welcoming guests later this year.
Got a news tip? email@example.com or 407-420-5664; Twitter, @kylelarnold or facebook.com/bykylearnold


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In this article, Ian Godson outlines the growing risk of corrosion caused deterioration to prestressed concrete elements and summaries the investigation, repair and long term durability options for prestressed structures
The use of Prestressed Concrete for construction of bridge, wharf and other civil structures expanded rapidly from the 1960's onwards, due mainly to the increased spans and economy that it provided. The prestressed elements have also proved to be very durable, due mainly to the high quality of construction including good concrete cover, excellent quality concrete and high quality (commonly steam) curing. Another major durability factor is that cracking is limited due to the prestress compression, minimizing access of chlorides and carbonation to the reinforcement and prestressing strands.
However, prestressed elements are in no way immune to corrosion especially that initiated by chlorides. Further, the amount of chloride known to initiate corrosion in prestressed strands is around 50% of that of conventional reinforcement, with concern for active pitting corrosion if chloride levels at the steel depth exceed 0.2% Cl/wt cmt (~0.03%Cl/wt concrete). Once strand corrosion has commenced, the corrosion is commonly to multiple wires in the strand, and with only minimal pitting required to rupture the stressed strand, serious structural ramifications follow.
The investigation of prestressed elements is significantly more complicated than for conventionally reinforced structures. Firstly, the strands are commonly not electrically continuous, complicating the common testing using half cell potential and corrosion rate equipment. Accordingly, the electrical continuity must be evaluated at the start of the investigation, with access to the strands usually completed by drilling at the ends of the beams where the structural requirement of the strands is low. Access to deep strands may be very difficult especially in cases of draped strands. The use of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) is required to confirm the location of the strands.
Having confirmed the electrical continuity, or most likely the lack of it, electrical connections are completed to multiple strands, allowing half cell potential and corrosion rate analysis to be completed. Chloride sampling is targeted to likely corroding locations with drill sampling at depth preferred to coring unless a thorough GPR survey is completed. Delamination or spalling of the concrete will almost certainly indicate failure of the strand(s), unless the conventional ligature reinforcement is responsible. Exposure of suspect corroding reinforcement is highly recommended to confirm the state of the strand, with hydro-demolition favoured over jackhammer concrete removal to avoid damage to the brittle, fragile strands.
Prevention is the best defence for prestressed elements, with early application of silanes or alternative breathable coatings to reduce chloride ingress, preferably applied well before critical chloride levels approach the strands. But if it is too late for prevention and active strand corrosion is occurring, the repair options are very limited. Damaged strand cannot be repaired and is commonly cut out, with supplementary strengthening methods including carbon fibre utilized to compensate for the lost strength.
Conventional Patch Repairs cannot be used due to the in-built compression forces in the concrete and the likelihood of damage to the brittle, prestressed strands. The main remaining alternative repairs are limited to forms of cathodic protection as discussed below.
Prior to the installation of any form of CP, the lack of electrical continuity commonly found in prestressed elements must be rectified before any of the CP options can be utilized. In some cases, the ends of the beams are accessible allowing easy access to the strands to establish electrical continuity. More typically, the ends of the beams are not accessible, requiring identification by GPR and exposure of all strands from the side of the beams. This strand exposure is undertaken via hydro-demolition within the first 1m of the beam end, in the low bending moment of the element, allowing connection to each strand by appropriate cable connections. Once the electrical continuity is confirmed, the CP system can be installed on the element.
Forms of cathodic protection for prestressed elements include ICCP (Impressed Current CP), Hybrid CP and galvanic systems but there are significant challenges for all these options. Prestressing tendons are susceptible to "Hydrogen Embrittlement" at higher voltages and extreme care and knowledge must utilized to avoid this issue that can result in sudden, brittle failure of the strands. The Australasian CP code limits the voltage of the strand to >-900mV (AgAgCl 0.5M at instant off). Infracor adopts a more conservative figure of >-800mV in its specifications and is an ongoing requirement throughout the life of the applied CP systems.
Impressed Current CP (ICCP) usually utilizes Titanium MMO discrete anodes installed in drilled holes into the beam or alternatively ribbon anodes installed in slots cut into the beam surface. A conservative design is required with small zone sizes and close spacing of anodes to minimize the driving voltage to protect the strands. Increased numbers of monitoring reference electrodes should be installed to ensure the accurate recording of the potential at representative areas of the structure. The control system should preferably be remotely accessible and automatically record the potential of the reference electrodes to ensure the >-800mV criteria is not exceeded. With the use of a remote monitoring system with in-built remote alarms is ideal as the potential must be recorded and controlled for the entire life of the CP system.
Hybrid CP utilizes zinc anodes installed in drilled holes into the concrete element, connected by small titanium wires, and is normally operated in impressed current mode from temporary power supplies at ~9V for 10 days. The power supplies are then removed and the zinc anodes then connected to the steel to provide the long term galvanic protection, with the zinc anodes providing ~0.5V ongoing protection. In the case of prestressed steel, the normally applied voltage must be reduced to ~1.5V to ensure the >-800mV limit is not exceeded in the impressed current stage, with the duration of the impressed current increased to approximately 8-10 weeks. The instant off potential at the implanted reference electrodes must be carefully monitored during the impressed current phase, but once this is completed and the system converted to galvanic mode, there is no ongoing risk of Hydrogen embrittlement for the low voltage of the Hybrid system.
In summary, early investigation of prestressed elements and the prevention of chloride ingress through coatings is the best method of extending the life of the elements. When faced with serious levels of chloride ingress resulting in active corrosion of the strands, cathodic protection methods offer the best alternative remediation options. However, the challenges of CP to prestressed elements, including electrical continuity and hydrogen embrittlement, require a high level of design, installation and monitoring.
Ian Godson, Managing Director, Infracorr Consulting PL