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Stevenson, Robert Louis et al
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Ariel's Gift / Ted Hughes, Sylvia Plath, and the Story of Birthday Letters
Wagner, Erica
Paperback - $11.02More Information
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Wedding Packages Start at $1000
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Party Packages Start at $300
Plan the perfect party for your employees, friends, or loved ones. See what a difference having a professional party DJ can make!
Corporate Parties or Small Intimate Parties Welcomed
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Meet your target customers.
Are you starting up your own business or looking to build your local business network?
Table Talks are a great way to meet people that are interested in what you know. They are designed for you and your business to be found while building credibility around you and your knowledge.
What are Table Talks?
Table Talks are 90 minute discussions with a small group of business people wanting to learn from you. Table Talks are held at the Adelaide Hills Business Centre in Woodside at times that suit you.
View current Table Talks - Marked "Table Talk" with Table Talk logo "Book Now" Buttons.
We help by promoting through the AHBC members, local business communities and online business groups.
When people book in you will received their contact name and email for any followup.
About Your Table Talk
The objectives of Table Talks are:
Here are a few topics but are not limited to:-
You are free to contact your attendees to responsibly promote your business and its products or services as required.
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HTML Version - Twitter
Web Safe 2k16 is a literary/graphic project exploring our memories of the pre-broadband Internet and related technologies. The project uses Lynda Weinman's Web Safe color palette as a field of reference constraining a large and heterogeneous archive of personal recollections: 216 authors write 216 words each, inspired by a specific color in the web safe range. Started: 2/16/16; Completed: 9/18/16.
Web Safe 2k16 at 64 Bits
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London
on view 30 March - 21 April
Web Safe 2k16 Live in London
21 March 2017, Ace Hotel, Shoreditch
Web Safe 2k16 Live in Boston
November 19, 2016, PRX Podcast Garage
Web Safe 2k16 Live in New York
September 18, 2016, Brooklyn Book Festival


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how I lost the baby weight/
One of my biggest fears when I was pregnant for the first time is that I would be stuck with a "mom bod" for the rest of my life. I was terrified of looking frumpy, and was determined to get back into shape after having the baby. Thankfully, I reached my pre pregnancy weight fairly quickly. I was 25 years old, and it was my first child, so I'm sure those factors helped! I also used what I knew about fitness and nutrition to bounce back. Here are some of the tricks I used:
1. I drank a ton of water.
I carried my water bottle with me everywhere, and stayed away from soda and other calorie-heavy drinks. One way to make sure you're getting enough water is to keep a gallon jug or a pitcher of water on the counter, and to fill your water bottle every time you walk past it!
2. I did HIIT style workouts.
Once I was cleared to work out again, I slowly eased myself back into High Intensity Interval Training, mainly because I had to fit my workouts in quickly! It's a very efficient way to torch calories and get a whole-body workout.
3. I took a walk every day.
We have a dog that needs to get exercise, so I would wear the baby in my baby carrier and walk 1-2 miles every day - no matter what the weather! This was often in addition to my living room workouts.
4. I ate small, healthy meals throughout the day.
I ate when I was hungry, and tried not to go too long in between meals. Some of my favorite snacks or small meals included oatmeal with flax seed, smoothies with spinach blended in, apple slices with natural peanut butter, and carrots with hummus.
Despite what the scale said, though, I was still depleted, stressed, and tired, even though my baby was sleeping through the night. I was uncomfortable with how I looked in pictures: bloated, with inflammation in my face. I still couldn't fit in my pre-pregnancy shorts, and thought what everyone said was true: my body would never be the same again.
I was introduced to a solution to all of those things weighing me down by a girl I went to college with. We didn't even know each other that well, but I had seen her posts on Facebook, and wanted what she had. Confidence. Energy. Purpose. I swallowed my pride and contacted her.
A few weeks after getting started on the nutrition plan she was using, I stopped needing to nap in the afternoon. My workouts began to feel easier. I lost the bloat in my face and arms that had stuck around for months after I had the baby, even when I was back to my pre-pregnancy weight. This is hard to admit, but for months after Pippa was born, when I saw my face in pictures it just didn't look like my own anymore. I didn't recognize myself. All of that changed after starting these nutrition products.
I had put so much pride in the fact that I was an athlete who loved fitness, that I didn't realize how uneducated I was about nutrition, and the state of food in our country. I secretly thought systems like this were for people who couldn't eat right on their own. What I didn't realize was that the food I was eating- even the organic food, the fruits, and the vegetables, were not giving me the nourishment I needed.
It's amazing what our bodies are capable of doing once they receive the nutrients they need. Yes, I'm more confident in how I look, and more comfortable in my own skin, but more importantly I have the energy and mental clarity to be the best mom I can be!
Does my story resonate with you? Have you tried everything, but can't get rid of those last 5 stick pounds? Maybe you've lost the weight, but still don't feel like your pre-baby self. If you're curious to know more about the secret weapon that has helped so many mamas improve their health, lose the baby weight, and gain natural energy in a safe way, fill out the form below!


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AT&T Sets Sights on Cloud Computing
Page 1 of 1
The new service, which is a part of AT&T's $1 billion planned global network investment in 2008, will span the United States, Europe and Asia.
AT&T's latest move reflects the company's efforts to capitalize on the shift by customers away from in-house computer systems to "cloud computing" -- a less expensive alternative.
One of AT&T's first customers is the U.S. Olympic Committee, whose official Web site is powered by AT&T's service, the company said in a release.
Last week, Yahoo, Intel and HP announced an ambitious research initiative focusing on creating six worldwide labs to study cloud computing and to offer time on their datacenters to researchers.
The plan also involves Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA), the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Germany's Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and a grant from the National Science Foundation. The effort's six locations are expected to become fully operational later this year, when they'll become available to researchers through a worldwide selection process.
Last year, Google (NASDAQ: GOOG) and IBM (NYSE: IBM) also announced a joint project in conjunction with several universities.
However, the efforts of those companies, new players like AT&T, and the slew of others exploring cloud computing technology, may hit a stumbling block in the form of a trademark on "cloud computing" owned by Dell (NASDAQ: DELL).
Dell's basis for the trademark is the Cloud Computing Solution, which it announced in March 2007. The trademark application was filed soon after.
The PC maker has said that it's considering how to use its trademark.


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dania blues
Reading Charles Willford's Miami Blues. The bad guy lives here in Dania, now Dania Beach.
Reading Charles Willford's Miami Blues. The bad guy lives here in Dania, now Dania Beach.
It's 1941. The Fourth of July company picnic out at Wallum Lake. Prospects of adventure and heroism have emboldened our young man, Eugene, who has affected the shades and the rakish tilt to his fedora. His boss, Mr. Randall, has no intention of actually eating the messy watermelon. He's told Eugene that the plant will soon be retooling for the coming war. Eugene has been dating Mr. Randall's daughter, Van. He has something to say to Mr. Randall. Mr. Randall says the war will be a boon for the economy.
Quote found online while I was searching for readers who prefer fantasy over realism: "I don't like reading about other peoples problems that are like me. They bore me into hysteria."
Taken in Harry & Mary's Home somewhere in Alaska.
The sign in the window in this detail of a photo by I. Russell Sorgi says, "GIVE TILL IT HURTS HITLER." It's 1942, Buffalo. New York, and sandwiches are ten cents. The full terrifying photo follows and illustrates Auden's poem, "Musee de Beaux Arts."
About suffering they were never wrong,
The old Masters: how well they understood
Its human position: how it takes place
While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along;
How, when the aged are reverently, passionately waiting
For the miraculous birth, there always must be
Children who did not specially want it to happen, skating
On a pond at the edge of the wood:
They never forgot
That even the dreadful martyrdom must run its course
Anyhow in a corner, some untidy spot
Where the dogs go on with their doggy life and the torturer's horse
Scratches its innocent behind on a tree.
In Breughel's Icarus, for instance: how everything turns away
Quite leisurely from the disaster; the ploughman may
Have heard the splash, the forsaken cry,
But for him it was not an important failure; the sun shone
As it had to on the white legs disappearing into the green
Water, and the expensive delicate ship that must have seen
Something amazing, a boy falling out of the sky,
Had somewhere to get to and sailed calmly on.
Comfort food from childhood. Fry two slices of bologna in a tablespoon of margarine. If you don't slit them in the middle, they'll puff up like footballs. Brown both sides. Fry your eggs in the same pan. Serve and savor. Catsup anyone?
An old friend from our days in Augusta, Georgia, Starkey Flythe has died. Starkey was the person around whom the literary life of the city and the region revolved. His law office on Telfair, which I got a look at only one time, was crammed with books and magazines piled several feet high. He sat in his comfortable chair in the cluttered and claustrophobic office most days, reading and writing, not taking depositions or prepping for a trial. Starkey never knew it, but he was the model for the character Fox Ledbetter in my novel, Louisiana Power & Light. Starkey lived across the river in South Carolina, and the North Augusta Star has a lovely tribute to Starkey. Here's the obit in the Augusta Chronicle. Starkey loved nothing better than to tell a story. He was a compelling and seductive reader of his stories and poems. I can recommend his wonderful collection of stories, Lent: the Slow Fast, which won the Iowa Short Fiction Award in 1990. He was a gentleman and a man of letters and we will miss him.
The good Christian leaders of Raleigh NC have dispatched those who "protect and serve" to halt the wanton feeding of the hungry and the homeless. So now the enharbored and engorged Raleigh homeowners can sleep in peace. The corporal works of mercy (see below) are, apparently, no longer necessary in this golden age of prosperity and voter suppression in the Tar Heel State. The leaders may have forgotten this biblical injunction:
Prov. 14:31 Anyone who oppresses the poor is insulting God who made them. To help the poor is to honor God.
We thank North Carolina for doing what it can to make Florida look good.
(and thanks to Paula in Southport)
Lefty Dufresne 1926- 2013
The last time I saw Lefty we sat outside the nursing home, and I asked him to sing "In a Shanty in Old Shanty Town," the JohnnyLong extended version, which he favored. He didn't hesitate. And he remembered every word. His voice was eloquent if a bit strained and faint. He sang, "There's a queen waiting there with a silvery crown, in a shanty, in old shanty town." Make no mistake, his wife, his sweetheart, Doris, the center of his life, was the queen waiting there in a rocking chair.
"'Tis the night before Christmas and all through the house not a creature is stirring in John Dufresne's ghoulishly funny crime novel….Dufresne is an original talent. His humor is frightfully dark, but it's also quite dazzling—even by the exacting standards ofSouth Florida crime fiction."—Marilyn Stasio, New York Times Book Review
Truth is sometimes a casualty in, often an inconvenience to, and never the goal of a criminal trial in America. The laudable directive "to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth" does not apply to the lawyers in the courtroom, whose mandate it is not to tell the whole truth but rather the advantageous and convenient truth. Theirs is the art of persuasion, and the simple fact is that in a jury trial, the better story wins. Justice is not synonymous with truth. Justice is the administration of the rule of law. The rule of law exists to preserve order, not to extoll the truth and certainly not to insure freedom. In the George Zimmerman murder trial, a jury of six women, none of them African American, chose to embrace the defense team's story of the dangerous young black man, louche and lascivious, who is after your property—a venerable if perverse American stereotype that goes back to Mandingo, a distasteful myth that we have not had the will nor the sense to reject. We all tend to believe a first-person narrator—he was there when it happened, after all. But we need to remember that all first-person narrators are unreliable. The Russians have a saying: "He lies like an eyewitness." George Zimmerman saw to it that he was the only eyewitness left standing to tell the story of that horrific night, the night he stalked, assaulted, and killed Trayvon Martin. Zimmerman behaved like a thug, a schoolyard bully who taunts and provokes his often younger and slighter victim, until the victim responds, and then the scumbag has his excuse to retaliate with gleeful, brutal, and in this case, fatal force. The fact that a punk like Zimmerman can carry a loaded and concealed weapon in public while trying to assert his insubstantial manhood should concern all of us. The NRA never tires of flogging the public with the fatuous bromide that an armed citizen is the best deterrent to crime. In the Zimmerman case, not surprisingly, the armed citizen committed the crime, murdered an innocent teenager. Without his weapon, Zimmerman would have been just a squabby and bilious little fellow, stamping his tiny boots on the sidewalk, mumbling his racial invectives, waving his meaty fists in the air, and cursing the darkness.


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Top Product Reviews
Riah Fashion Women's Long Sleeve Waffle Sweater. Plus Sizes Available.
October 11, 2019
I'm usually a US med/large and I got a 2X since I wanted it to be big. It fit just as I wanted it but the material is so thin that is not warm enough to wear in cold weather. If I wear it in the winter, I'll have to wear a coat over it. Also, its not thick enough to wear alone so a camisole/tank top underneath would be necessary. Other than the thin material, I'm satisfied.
Style Clad Women's Surplice Open-Back Wrap Top
February 19, 2019
It is TShirt Material but that is exactly what I was looking for. Ordered size small and it fit great on 5'9'' and 135lbs.
Juniors' Long Sleeve Knit V-Neck Sweaters (1-, 2-, or 3-Pack)
August 5, 2019
I haven't wash or wear them yet. But I love the colors and the material can go on. They arrive promptly. Hopefully, they will last for sometime after a couple of washes.
Riah Fashion Women's Long Sleeve Waffle Sweater. Plus Sizes Available.
October 8, 2019
Warm and Comfy. Could be a tad bit longer for wearing leggings, but then again I'm 5'9 135 got a medium and I'm not hating the length. I purchased two colors. Rust and gray. Will be buying more!!! Not the best photo but I tried
Juniors' Long Sleeve Knit V-Neck Sweaters (1-, 2-, or 3-Pack)
July 19, 2019
The sweaters arrived promptly. The material is not top notch but it's good enough to wear everyday. It's soft and the colors pop. For the price these are great. They fit a little bigger, if you're a size medium get a small.


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When the European market opens, economic news on Private Loans y/y and M3 Money Supply y/y is due to be released. The US will publish data about the Richmond Manufacturing Index, CB Consumer Confidence, Flash Services PMI, S&P/CS Composite-20 HPI y/y, Durable Goods Orders m/m, and Core Durable Goods Orders m/m. So amid the reports, EUR/USD will move with low to medium volatility during this day.
Breakout BUY Level: 1.1111.
Strong Resistance:1.1105.
Original Resistance: 1.1094.
Inner Sell Area: 1.1083.
Target Inner Area: 1.1057.
Inner Buy Area: 1.1031.
Original Support: 1.1020.
Strong Support: 1.1009.
Breakout SELL Level: 1.1003.
Disclaimer: Trading Forex (foreign exchange) on margin carries a high level of risk, and may not be suitable for all investors. The high degree of leverage can work against you as well as for you. Before deciding to invest in foreign exchange you should carefully consider your investment objectives, level of experience, and risk appetite. The possibility exists that you could sustain a loss of some or all of your initial investment and therefore you should not invest money that you cannot afford to lose. You should be aware of all the risks associated with foreign exchange trading, and seek advice from an independent financial advisor if you have any doubts.
The material has been provided by InstaForex Company – www.instaforex.com


text: A Volkswagen campervan means freedom. It gives you the flexibility to create the holiday you want. You are not tied to anything except your own impulses. It gives you back choice; when to go, where to go and how long to stay. Create your own holiday - a beach holiday, or cycle the Camel and Tarka trails, walk Dartmoor and Exmoor, try kite surfing, mountain biking, paragliding, canoeing, visit the numerous wonderful gardens, historic houses and coastline owned by the National Trust and English Heritage. Your base is the van. Travel from one coast to the other. From one secret beach to the next. Discover those hidden country pubs. Sit back and watch the world go by. Relax. Repeat above until you feel alive! ü Ç ý Ÿ


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Village Artisan Scarves
As you enter Uzma's tiny home you sense the generosity and graciousness of the hostess. We sit cross-legged on the bed that sleeps the family of five, and she pours out a warm cup of Chai. Her easy laughter draws you into her story. Her eyes sparkle as she shares of how her husband found work with Village Artisan after some tough years where her 3 boys were pulled out of school when her husband couldn't find work. She too asked to be trained with VA and quickly learned how to make intricate decals for the handmade paper collections right from home. Now Uzma has expanded her repertoire and also does Kantha stitch on VA scarves and has trained some neighborhood young women. Not only does she teach the Kantha stitch but she, with her life, teaches them to believe in themselves, to work hard and honestly, and to treat others with dignity and love.
Meet Baby....honestly, this woman's name should be changed to Courage. She has overcome much and is now a role model at Village Artisan. Not only are Village Artisan's Paper Collections trendy and fun to use, but they are made from 100% recycled cotton from the textile industry in India. So no tree has fallen to bring you these artsy bits and pieces. At VA we are conscientious of the environment AND the people that live in it. When you jot a note on our cards or gift one of our journals or diaries, you are part of writing a global story of change as well as bringing transformation to communities.
VILLAGE ARTISAN Jewelry
Saima not only loves making Village Artisan Jewelry but she thinks school is cool! She's finished an in-depth accounting course and is now taking computer training.
Empowered! Plus she's a lot of fun.


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Donna Angle | 14 Years of Planting Trees
By NMC - May 24, 2018
Posted in Children's Ministry, NMC Staff, Stories from NMC, Discipleship
It's been said that sometimes we plant trees under whose shade we will never sit. So often this is true in ministry as we walk with people through the joys and the messes of life. Day after day, we care for others. We try to help guide them. We use wisdom and discernment to know […]


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Endocrine System Channel
Related Channels
Drug Interactions With Saxagliptin
Related MultimediaClick on an icon to view.
Saxagliptin Drug Interactions Explained
The following sections explain in detail the potentially negative interactions that can occur when saxagliptin is combined with any of the drugs listed above.
Certain Antibiotics or Antifungals
Some antibiotics and antifungals may increase the level of saxagliptin in the bloodstream. As a result, a lower saxagliptin dosage (2.5 mg daily) is usually recommended for people taking such medications. Check with your healthcare provider before combining saxagliptin with such antibiotics or antifungals.
Certain Protease Inhibitors
Some protease inhibitors may increase the level of saxagliptin in the bloodstream. In most cases, a lower dosage of saxagliptin (2.5 mg daily) is recommended for use in combination with such protease inhibitors. Be sure to check with your healthcare provider before combining the diabetes medication with a protease inhibitor.
Because nefazodone may increase the level of saxagliptin in the bloodstream, a lower saxagliptin dose (2.5 mg daily) is usually recommended. Check with your healthcare provider before taking the diabetes drug and nefazodone together.
Saxagliptin may increase the risk of low blood sugar due to sulfonylurea diabetes medications. Your healthcare provider may need to lower the dosage of your sulfonylurea.
Final Thoughts
It is possible that not all drug interactions with saxagliptin were discussed in this article. Therefore, you should talk with your pharmacist or healthcare provider about any specific drug interactions that may apply to you.
Saxagliptin Drug Information
Written by/reviewed by: Kristi Monson, PharmD; Arthur Schoenstadt, MD
Last reviewed by: Kristi Monson, PharmD


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November 24th, 2016. This was my first time there. When everybody talked about this place, I wanted to go there … More
Month: November 2016
[SINGAPORE] Lady M® Confections at Orchard Central Orchard Road Singapore
November 11th, 2016. After fill my tummy with savoury food, it's time for dessert. Well, when I walked around previously, … More
[SINGAPORE] Joe & Dough at Orchard Gateway Orchard Road Singapore
November 11th, 2016. Finally, I arrived in Singapore. My last trip to Singapore was 2 years ago. OMG! That's because … More
[BANDUNG] Buttercup Signature Boulangerie at Four Points Bandung
October 15th, 2016. At the time, I stayed at Four Points Bandung and a friend of mine told me to … More
Avec Moi New Venue at Teluk Betung Menteng Jakarta
November 19th, 2106. Attending an event without knowing the other invitees, somehow really confusing me. I didn't really like to … More
The People's Cafe at Setiabudi One Jakarta
November 19th, 2016. One fine day. I walked to Setiabudi One. Yes, I had an event at the day. One … More


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This honeybee carrying a full load of nectar was gorgeous in the strong afternoon sunlight. She was working a very pink wiegela that was in full bloom on my Pleasant Hill property in West Virginia. Although this is a rural area without much commerical agriculture and seemingly ample nectar-producing blooms, the populations of honeybees here have become quite constricted over the years. Mites have been implicated in honeybee deaths, but it has also finally been confirmed that persistent, systemic insecticides like neonicotinoids are devastating North American pollinator populations. You can help the honeybees in your own backyard by buying and planting only plants that are free of systemic insecticides and by not using these pesticides on your property.
This blank card is 5″ wide and 7″ tall (portrait orientation) and is printed on premium 100 lb. white matte paper. A white envelope is included. The original color photo and story of the piece are printed on the back of the card, which is suitable for framing. This mandala greeting card is a Milkweed Rising exclusive and is printed from an original work of digital art.
Please note the watermark shown in the photo does not appear on the printed card.


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This past winter, electricity supply rates in Massachusetts were some of the highest in the country. But the utility's electric rate does not have to be your community's electric rate. With Good Energy, your community can have lower, predictable energy rates by pooling your purchasing power.
Through Massachusetts Municipal Energy Aggregation, government leaders can help residents and businesses save money by protecting them from unpredictable electricity price spikes. Good Energy is already working with many Massachusetts communities to lower rates as quickly as possible.
Benefits of Working with Good Energy
The national leader in structuring and implementing community and government energy-aggregation programs, Good Energy serves more communities and residents than any other energy consultant. With more than 200 Community Energy Aggregation programs representing more than one million households, Good Energy manages energy procurement for 1 percent of the U.S. population.
When your community signs on with our Community Energy Aggregation programs, the benefits can include:
• Saving residents and businesses money on electricity bills
• Protection from volatile energy prices
• Service remains with Eversource/National Grid
• Continue receiving a single bill from Eversource/National Grid
• Renewable-energy options
• No early termination fees
Disclaimer: A goal of the CEA program is to produce savings for customers, but savings cannot be guaranteed compared to the utility's basic service rate which changes every three months for industrial customers and every six months for residential and small commercial customers. The Aggregation program seeks to provide price stability and average savings over the full term of the program, but because future basic service rates are not known, there is no guarantee of savings.


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Make the perfect fish sandwich
John Chapiewski, the executive chef at the Hilton Garden Inn, has his second video lesson online today. After working in Miami for several years, he learned how to work with seafood. In this video lesson, Chapiewski tells how to filet a fish and then prepares it for a sandwich.
Chapiewski, 33, who was born and reared in Miami, trained for four years at the north Miami campus of the College of Culinary Arts at Johnson & Wales University.
Here are some tips on making a fish sandwich:


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Wooden Gymnastic Rings - 32mm
- 5.6m Extra-Long Straps
- Measuring Tape Inch Increments on Each Strap.
$ 79Add To Cart
The Aussie Strength Wooden Gym Rings
The Aussie Strength Wooden Gym Rings are used to help develop strength, stability, and coordination in the upper body.
Wooden Gymnastic Rings
- Wider 'Äú40mm'ÄĚ straps to give you better support for your anchor points
- 6m extra-long straps
- Adjustable hang height of up to 3m
- 23.5cm diameter of the rings
- Incremental 'Äėtape measure'Äô markings on each strap for quick and easy adjustments
- Heavy duty cam buckle
- Wooden handles for a nicer feel to the grip, allowing for a better workout.


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Category: Indonesia
UAE's recognition of Indonesia's National Accreditation Committee halal certificates
Under the MoU, ESMA will recognise halal certificates issued by KAN and products certified by certification bodies accredited KAN, based on UAE halal requirements set by ESMA.
Indonesia: Non-food products tap into huge Muslim market in Halal boom
Indonesia's growing Muslim consumer base has inspired companies to promote the halal label in their products, even if the brands sell non-food products.
Blockchain Powered Halal Chain Launched in Dubai and Indonesia
HalalChain, a blockchain based platform specialized in the traceability of halal industry products, was launched at the Dubai Airport Freezone (DAFZA).
Halal industry can help Indonesia in international trade
Unfortunately, the halal law is considered burdensome for businesses because it is difficult to apply.
Saudi Arabia: Prof. Jaswir of Indonesia laments poor state of Muslim world in Halal industry
The OIC and Saudi Arabia should take the lead in promoting halal industry to cash in on its vast scope in the global market, says Prof. Irwandi Jaswir.
Indonesia: Here is Superiority of Safi, New Halal Beauty Products in Indonesia
There are at least three beauty product ranges from Safi which penetrated Indonesia. They are ranges of anti aging, advanced whitening, and natural whitening.
Taiwan promotes Halal Industries to attract Indonesian Muslim Consumers
In a bid to promote Taiwan's halal industries, TAITRA will organize the "Taiwan Expo 2018" to exhibit more than 4.5 thousand products from 230 vendors at the Jakarta Convention Center.
Indonesian university to assist new government organisation as 'halal guarantor'
The University of Indonesia's (UI) new Halal Centre is now assisting the government's recently-formed Halal Products Certification Agency (BPJPH) on halal certification and testing.
Indonesia: University of Indonesia now halal products guarantor
To assist government efforts in the provision of halal products, the University of Indonesia (UI) has launched a Halal Centre, which will serve as a halal products guarantor institution (LPH).
USA: Unilever Is Launching a New 'Natural' Line of Shampoos and Soaps to Attract Millennials
Unilever is going after two "growth vectors," as Jope calls them, that are particularly attractive to the highly coveted millennial cohort: "brands with purpose" and the natural segment.
Indonesia Announces 3 New Halal Tourism Packages At The Moscow Halal Expo
The team, headed by Mr. Riyanto Sofyan, will also discuss cross-promotion opportunities between Russian and Indonesian travel companies.
Indonesian businesses prepare for the worst as they face up to universal Halal law
It is poised to cover a wide range of consumer goods from food and beverages to textiles, which must all be certified Halal by the time the Act is introduced in 2019.
Opinion: New Indonesian halal law seen disrupting business, hurting SMEs
The changes will affect potentially hundreds of billions of dollars on consumer products. Even the agency's newly minted director, Dr Sukoso, and his staff of 45, admit they face a steep curve.
Indonesia: YPHI Encourages Government to Immediately Issue BPJPH Implementation Rules
The head of the Indonesian Halal Products Foundation (YPHI) Yanis Musdja said the challenge faced by the newly built body is very complex.
Japanese shipper expands halal logistics to Indonesia
Yusen Logistics has become the first Japanese freight company to receive halal certification in Indonesia, part of an effort to expand in a fast-growing region with a large Muslim population.
Indonesia: Government ends MUI's authority to issue halal certificates
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text:
Methods for detecting defective communications lines
Methods and apparatus are disclosed for identifying defective communications lines. The method generally involves passively detecting signals symptomatic of and generated by a defective communications line rather than by a user accessing a communication network via the line. One alternative involves monitoring calls to a selected number having low digit and set values. Analysis of the pattern of calls to the selected number, or directly monitoring the frequencies upon the communications line, identify calls that are effectively generated by defects in a communications line rather than legitimate calls generated by network users. Spurious calls are associated with the originating communications line. The line can then be automatically tested or service dispatched. More automated alternatives are also disclosed that make use of switch reconfigurations. Central office switches may be programmed to detect a variety of events that indicate a spurious pulse or seizure is being generated by a communication line. The detected spurious signal is associated with its originating communications line. The line can then be flagged for service or further tested, including automatically by switch equipment, to determine whether it is defective.
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The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for efficiently detecting defective communications lines within a wired communications network.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Most people are familiar with the wired, public telephone network; they have either used telephones connected to that network or seen some of the physical elements making up the network itself, such as aerial cables, buried or underground cables or terminal boxes coupling such cables to houses or other facilities. Virtually everyone is also familiar with the general fragility of the telephone network since most people have experienced a telephone outage caused by trees falling on lines or underground cables damaged by ground shifts or inattentive diggers.
A variety of less obvious and less easily identifiable problems effect the cables that carry telecommunications, internet traffic and data communications through the public telephone network, however. For instance, corrosion at the contact between the telephone cable and a terminal, wear of the insulation surrounding the wires carrying communications, or a wet telephone cable may cause the cables to malfunction. Likewise, lightning can damage the sheath surrounding the cable and wind or water entering the splice between cables can then cause malfunctions. Problems with water entry may be particularly pronounced with older cables, which sometimes were formed using paper insulation surrounded by a lead sheath that was not impervious to water. Moreover, problems may occur even in the more benign environment inside of a building or home. Lint or other material may build within line jacks or interfaces and become sufficiently damp to inject moisture into the lines to cause shorts. Or, insulation on wires running underneath carpet or the like may become worn from constant travel. Stepping near to or on top of worn wires then causes a malfunction.
Often, malfunctions take the form of a low resistance between conductors or a conductor and ground. This is caused by water conducting within the line or a wire carrying power touching a wire that is grounded because of insulation wear or the like.
These problems occur despite extensive measures to protect the many lines that make up a telephone cable. For instance, the typical telephone cable comprises numerous lines. Each line uses a pair of copper (or other) wires. Often the wires are given a slight twist (thus, the name "twisted pair") in order to minimize interference among the communications signals the wires carry. A cable is made by stranding together several groups of wires to form the cable core. A sheath, comprising layers of aluminum, steel, lead or polyethylene, surrounds the core. The sheath provides electric shielding, water resistance and some armor against blows to the cable. These protections, however, do not always prevent entry of water, insulation wear, corrosion, cuts or other problems from causing shorts.
If the damage to the line causes a permanent short, the defective line is easily identified because it will not work at all. If, however, the short is intermittent, detecting it will be substantially more difficult, if not impossible. Customers may notice some disruption in service and report that to the telephone company. Typically, the company may dispatch a technician to try and identify the problem. Many times the technician will be unable to identify the defective cable pair or the reason for the intermittent failures. Often, it may take several customer complaints and several (expensive) trips before the technician will be able to identify and correct the problem.
Efforts have been made to more proactively identify defective lines. For instance, periodically, switches installed within the network may run an "ALIT" test. The ALIT or "Automatic Line Insulation Test," may identify some of the lines with permanent breaks or shorts. Telephone companies' service departments periodically may retroactively analyze trouble reports that record customer complaints or ALIT results to determine whether the cables or "plant" in a particular area need to be rehabilitated completely because they have aged and performance has degraded.
Some telephone companies have used a system called the Loop Cable Administration and Maintenance Operations System (called "LCAMOS" or "Predictor system") that is a corputer system that monitors and utilizes information obtained from customer reports, switch messages, and ALIT results to identify trouble areas within the telephone network. The aim of many of the switch messages received by the Predictor system is to provide information that helps protect the telecommunications switches from overload or other negative conditions. Thus, thresholds may be set such that intermittent pulses are not viewed as a triggering event that would cause the system to identify a particular cable pair or, more likely, a group of cables, as having a problem. The Predictor system reportedly correlates this data with other information so that lines with trouble messages will be tested automatically when they fall within limits of preset thresholds. Also, the Predictor system can issue reports indicating problems developing in the telephone network depending on thresholds set by the user in order to control the flow of information appearing on the report.
However, neither ALIT nor the Predictor system properly identifies particular lines or cables that are generating intermittent shorts or pulses. Dealing with these intermittent pulses by dispatching technicians every time a customer calls is very expensive. The intermittent problems or pulses may additionally prevent telephone companies from offering valuable "N11" services. "N11" services are those in which telephone users can dial a "N11" number, where N is a number from 2 to 9, and be automatically routed to one point within the telephone network. The most familiar such service in North America is the emergency 911 service, through which telephone users can immediately contact emergency services such as police, fire or ambulance units.
Many telephone companies, however, would also like to offer other N11 numbers to their clients. For instance, BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc. has offered 211 service to United Way. Anyone dialing 211 throughout a particular area, such as metropolitan Atlanta, Ga., would be immediately routed to United Way's customer calling center. Other N11 services have been contemplated or offered, including 411 service to provide telephone information; 511 service for commercial information; or 611 service for repairs.
Pulse dialing, also known as rotary dialing, interrupts the telephone line current with a series of breaks or "clicks" that are essentially shorts and opens on the line. By changing the number of breaks (or pulses) in the string over a preset period, the number being dialed can be changed. The telephone switch is designed to recognize dial pulses at the standard rate of 10 pulses per second and may recognize pulses well outside that range. If there is a single pulse, the number being dialed is "1"; if ten pulses occur, the number being dialed is "0." Offering 211 and other N11 services where "N" is a smaller number results in generation of many spurious calls by defective telephone lines that effectively dial the N11 number by means of the intermittent shorts and opens in the line caused by the defects mentioned above. These shorts and opens, which temporarily interrupt line current, may be viewed by network switches as pulse dialing signals, which the network switches interpret as actual calls by customers if the pulses are grouped and timed to resemble an actual number. Switches filter out many of these pulses, e.g., a pulse that generates a single digit, like 1, 2 or 3, or several series of pulses that generate a set of numbers less than three, like 21, 32 or 11, simply because switches are not designed to recognize those numbers as legitimate calls. But because switches are biased to complete telephone calls once they receive the correct number or set of digits, a defective communication line can generate a N11 number that is recognized by the switch and routed to any destination associated with the N11 number.
The frequency of such improperly dialed numbers declines as the "N" in the N11 service increases in value. Thus, spurious calls to a 911 number are less frequent than spurious calls to a 211 number. That simply reflects that it is less probable that a defective line will generate the required pattern of pulses to dial 911 than 211. Conceivably, a defective line could also dial other telephone numbers, although the statistical probability drops as the number of required pulses per digit and number of digits per phone number increase. Thus, while it is possible that a 222 number could be dialed, it is less likely that a defective cable could generate the pulse combinations needed to dial a 7 digit phone number.
In any event, experience has shown that the N11 numbers using lower digits like 2, 3 or 4 will generate numerous spurious calls because of the existence of defective communications lines. For example, after a particularly bad storm in one area in which 311 service was being offered to connect customers to emergency medical services, hundreds of spurious calls were generated, probably because the storm caused water to enter cables that then shorted out intermittently the communications lines, thereby generating pulses necessary for the line to effectively dial the 311 number.
Unfortunately, such calls cannot be screened out given the chance that a legitimate call may be initiated to the possibly critical (in the case of emergency services) number. The best solution is to identify and correct defective communications lines. The present methods for detecting intermittently defective communications lines are inadequate and expensive. A need accordingly exists for efficiently and quickly detecting defective cable pairs in order to correct the problems with the line and allow quality offerings of N11 or similar services using a limited number of digits that are in the lower ranges of value.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the above problems by providing methods for detecting, logging, analyzing and testing defective communications lines and, in particular, detecting lines only intermittently defective. Generally detection methods may be implemented that passively monitor for and identify signals generated by defective communications line. For example, one method involves detecting spurious communications and associating those communications with the defective communication lines that generated each particular communication. This method can be implemented in non-switched based solutions. This allows quick, efficient implementations of the method without the need for extensive reconfiguring or reprogramming of the switch by the switch manufacturer. Alternative methods for using a central office switch to monitor and identify signals symptomatic of defective communication lines are also disclosed. Such methods allow not only for more efficient detection, but may be automated and used to collect data that allows further analysis of the lines and communications network itself.
The method of the present invention aims to detect signals indicating a possible defect in a communications line. Those signals are then correlated with the line generating them. Thus, defective communications lines, which include wires, twisted pair wires and the like, are identified by recognizing spurious communications from these lines and associating them with the particular line from which they originated. "Spurious communications" means a communication, attempted communication or other signal intermittently. generated by a defective communications line rather than by a user attempting to access the services provided via the communications line. By way of example, the defective communication line generates the spurious communications by shorting or otherwise seizing the line to effectively dial a digit or series of digits.
The detection step may be implemented by, for instance, defining an N11 or other selected telephone number to which all communications in a given area are routed by network switches. Defective communications lines will generate without user intervention pulses that pulse dial the selected number. Analyzing the pattern of calls to the selected number or listening to each call received by the selected number will identify whether the communication pulses are spurious and the line therefore is defective or whether the user of the line purposefully dialed the calls. Thus, the call pattern from a particular line can be analyzed to determine whether the calls are coming at odd hours and during conditions suggesting the line is defective. For instance, if the same line generates multiple calls to the chosen N11 number late at night or during inclement weather, chances are high that the line is defective and the defects are essentially causing the line to dial pulses. Alternatively, a device may physically monitor the line after a call to determine the presence of either frequencies suggesting only noise is on the line (indicating a defective line made the call) or frequencies suggesting the line carries human voice or data (indicating a user initiated the call). Either or a combination of these analyses determine whether the pulses dialed and resulting communication are, in fact, spurious.
Once a spurious communication has been identified, the communication is associated with a particular communication line. This association step may be performed by determining the originating telephone number generating the spurious call. That originating number is associated with a particular communications line; alternatively, a switch may be programmed to identify the originating equipment associated with the particular line that generated the spurious communication.
The methods of the present invention may be implemented with very few changes to the switches within a communications network. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention, switches may be configured simply to route N11 or other calls to an intercept platform. The intercept platform collects and logs call data, including the originating number, date/time, etc. of each incoming call. The logged information can be manually reviewed in order to determine which of the calls appear to be spurious and confirm their association with a particular communications line. Alternatively, the logged information can be logged into a database for automated processing and analysis.
Reprogramming the switch allows for a broader range of spurious pulses to be detected. For instance, in an alternative configuration, a central office switch may be reconfigured to detect spurious communications caused by pulses generated by defective communication lines without the need to route N11 or other calls to an intercept platform. Or, the switch can detect spurious pulses or other signals that are symptomatic of a defective line. Switches may be reprogrammed to detect the following spurious pulses: line seizures involving incompletely dialed pulses; line seizures involving pulses that do not fall within published standards for dialing pulses; line seizures involving pulses that are of unequal amplitude or whose amplitudes are not typical of that particular line; or line seizures involving pulses from lines that normally use DTMF dialing. In short, detection flexibility can be greatly expanded with firmware changes within the central office switches.
Additional programming changes allow the switch to log detected discrepancies into a database for further processing by the switch or an external device. For instance, individual switches may be configured to collect data for a certain time frame and then forward it to a master database coupled to a workstation that allows further processing and analysis. The analysis may include reviewing forwarded call detail records in order to identify spurious calls based upon identification of atypical calling patterns. Additionally, multiple spurious communications may be correlated with the geographic areas from which they each originate. Areas having a high percentage of spurious communications will inform network outside plant engineers of the possible need to update the entire plant in that geographic area or take other remedial or preventive measures to preclude further service interruptions.
The present invention accordingly aims to achieve at least one or combinations of the following objectives:
To provide a method for detecting intermittently defective communications lines within a communications networks.
To passively detect such defective communications lines by monitoring for and identifying signals symptomatic of such lines and correlating the symptomatic signals with the originating line.
To detect spurious calls generated by defective communications lines.
To detect spurious calls by determining that a particular defective communication line generated a pulse.
To detect spurious calls by analyzing calls made to a selected N11 or other low digit and set value telephone number.
To associate detected spurious calls with the defective communications line generating those calls.
To provide improved N11 services by efficiently detecting defective communications lines and thereby decreasing disruptive, illegitimate calls to the N11 service center.
To provide methods for automatically analyzing switch events in order to detect intermittently defective communications lines.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading the rest of this document.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system according to the present invention that implements one method for detecting defective communications lines.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the method of the present invention capable of performance by the system shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a system according to the present invention that uses a central office switch to monitor for spurious pulses that identify defective communication lines.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS NNN Implementation
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of portions of a communications network, such as exist in a Public Switched Telephone Network ("PSTN"). Phones 10, 12 couple to a central office switch 20 via lines 11, 13. A T-1 line 21 couples the switch 20 to a N11 service center 30. For example, switch 20 is programmed to route all users dialing a "211" or other selected N11 number to the service center 30. Service center 30 may also be configured to accept and process other selected low digit and low set value phone numbers.
A N11 intercept platform 40 may be coupled to the T-1 line 21 between switch 20 and service center 30. Platform 40 may be a T-BERD 224 with Caller ID Option manufactured by TTC (Telecommunications Techniques Corp.). Intercept platform 40 is capable of capturing various call detail records concerning calls delivered by switch 20 to service center 30. Call detail records may include at least some of the following information: caller identity information, originating number information, terminating number information and Time, Date, T1 Channel Number. These call detail records are correlated with the originating telephone number and, therefore, the line originating the communication. Periodically or continuously, the platform 40 transfers captured call detail data to a database on a workstation 50.
Intercept platform 40 is used to monitor all communications to a selected N11 number. The N11 number selected can be an actual number in-service by a particular organization, such as the 211 number for use with a charity, as described above. Alternatively, in some regions, the N11 number could be unassigned. Either way, the N11 number will receive some legitimate calls either from customers seeking the services offered if the number is assigned or from customers who inadvertently dial the unassigned N11 number. Many spurious calls, however, will result from pulses generated by communications lines that are only intermittently defective. The method of the present invention identifies the spurious calls originated by these intermittently defective communications lines and associates them with the correct generating line.
Multiple methods exist for identifying that the call originated from a defective line. First, all incoming calls can be physically monitored by an operator or a device coupled to the intercept platform 40 in order to determine whether human voice frequencies or data transfer frequencies are present once the call is connected. For example, a meter, such as a frequency selective voltmeter or spectrum analyzer, could be coupled to platform 40 to determine whether voice frequencies are present upon calls terminated to the selected N11number. Alternatively, the meter could be used to determine the presence of noise on the line, which would indicate that the call was dialed by spurious pulses. Advanced DSP (Digital Signal Processing) could also be used to automatically distinguish noise from valid signals.
Alternatively, intercept platform 40 may capture and store call detail records describing communications to service center 30 or an unassigned N11number. Those records can be monitored or analyzed to determine whether a pattern of calls to the selected N11 number is atypical. For example, referring to FIG. 1, if intercept platform 40 detects multiple calls over a short period, say one hour, from phone 10 to the selected N11 number, the probability that the calls result from spurious pulses generated by a defective communications line 11 is high. Further pattern analysis can be done to confirm this. Thus, call detail records can be supplied to workstation 50 that is coupled via lines 44 to the intercept platform 40. Workstation 50 can be programmed to flag a suspected defective line 11 or 13 if it receives a certain number of calls during a certain period of day. Thus, if phone 10 generated 5 calls to the N11 service center 30 between 1:00 and 2:00 a.m., when the service center 30 is known to be closed, then line 11 would be flagged as potentially defective. Workstation 50 may also be provided with other data, such as indications of geographic areas having inclement weather (which tends to increase the frequency of spurious pulsing from defective lines) or in which many defective lines have been previously reported that can further ensure that flagged lines have a high probability of being defective.
Part of the call detail information captured by intercept platform 40 is information on the caller originating number. For example, platform 40 could use standard caller identification firmware to detect the Calling Line Identification ("CLID") information that identifies the originating telephone number for the call being routed to the service center 30 or an unassigned N11 number. CLID information is not always supplied, however, for unlisted or blocked phones 10, 12. Thus, other methods may be used such as Automatic Number Identification ("ANI") or switch 20 features like feature group D may be implemented. Also, links to the SS7 (Signaling System 7) platform as well as BCLID (Bulk Calling Line Identification Delivery) could be used to acquire the calling line information. Various alternatives for capturing the originating number of phones 10, 12 are well known to persons skilled in this art.
The alternative shown in FIG. 1 illustrates an intercept platform 40 that may be a T-BERD (as described above) capable of monitoring all 24 channels on the T-1 line 21 or an equivalent monitoring device. Each time intercept platform 40 recognizes a seizure of a channel, it monitors and captures CLID or other originating number data. Other alternatives include using a service called "Bulk CLID," offered by network operators such as BellSouth Telecommunications. Bulk CLID couples via a modem to a PC or other computer in order to download CLID information regarding multiple lines.
In any event, once the originating number is captured, the calls dialed by spurious pulses identified by either methods described above are associated or correlated with their originating number. This is necessary in order to ensure that the appropriate line can be tested or a service technician dispatched for that line. Additionally, workstation 50 may create a list identifying the originating numbers of defective lines and can correlate them with cable and pair information. The list can be examined automatically or manually to determine whether a particular geographic area has an unusually high number of defective lines. Thus, if a number of lines served by similar cable and pairs like phone 10 were identified as defective, it may indicate the need to replace a significant amount of older wiring in the area represented by that prefix.
FIG. 2 shows a flow chart that illustrates the steps of one method of the present invention. The first step 60 is to have a switch route calls to the selected destination. At some point in the routing, the calls to the selected destination are monitored, as shown by step 62. Monitoring includes capturing the call detail records that include the originating number information needed to associate calls generated by spurious pulses with their originating, defective lines. After collecting the information from monitoring, a determination is made at step 64 as to whether a selected call is spurious or not. This can be done either by analyzing the records to identify atypical call patterns, as in-step 66, by monitoring frequencies of communications on the incoming calls, as in step 68, or some combination of both. If a call is determined to have been generated by spurious pulses, it is associated with its originating, presumptively defective line at step 70 by reviewing Call Detail records to determine Originating numbers (step 72) and Associating Originating Number with Defective Line (step 74). At this point, switch 20 may be instructed to conduct a line test, as in step 76, such as by using an ALIT or other test. A report or service request is, in any event, generated at step 78.Other Low Digit/Set Value Implementations
The above section describes implementation of the invention by monitoring and analyzing calls routed to low digit and set value NNN numbers, like a 3 digit. set value of NNN where N equals digits 1 to 4. However, other numbers may be selected so long as they have sufficiently low digit and set values so as to increase the statistical probability of a defective line effectively dialing such number. The NNN implementation has been described because such an implementation may be made with very few changes to the configuration and programming of switch 20, which already is programmed to route 3 digit telephone numbers. Switches 20 are accordingly now programmed to examine the first 3 digits they receive to determine a match with an NNN number in use, such as 911 for emergency services. Switches 20 can be programmed by network operators to route calls to other 3 digit numbers to specific destinations.
Nevertheless, switches 20 can be programmed to route other low digit or low set value numbers. Low digit refers to numbers wherein the digit is a low value in terms of the ease of pulse dialing. For instance, it is relatively easy for a defective line to effectively dial pulse a 1, 2 or 3 by simply having one to 3 intermittent pulses. Likewise, it is relatively easy for the same defective lines to repeat those low digit numbers to create a small set value number, such as 11, 212 or 1231, etc. As the digit value and set value increase, it becomes statistically less likely that a defective line would dial the number (although if a line does so, it may indicate serious problems in the line). Thus, the present invention may be implemented by monitoring communications to numbers selected with generally low digit and set values.Switch Implementation
FIG. 3 shows an alternative configuration of a system 18 capable of implementing the methods of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows in block form a number of central office switches 20, 22, 24 couple to various phones 10A, 10B, 12A, 12B, 14A and 14B via lines 11A, 11B, 13A, 13B, 15A and 15B. A database 42 may be coupled to the switches 20, 22, and 24, as well as a workstation 50.
One problem with detecting defective communications lines by monitoring calls to a selected low digit and set value number is that some intermittently defective communications lines, may not generate the required sequences or pulses. These lines may, however, be generating numerous spurious pulses that are rejected by the switch as insufficient to dial a number, either because the call is incomplete in terms of digits dialed or because the pulses do not meet certain standards. Today, many invalid dialed sequences are routed to some form of treatment, i.e. a tone or an announcement. These calls are not service affecting, but the information is not used to identify problems. To implement an alternative method designed to detect these ordinarily rejected signals that reflect potentially intermittently defective communications lines, switches 20, 22 and 24 have been programmed to record call detail information about any of the following spurious pulse events:
incompletely dialed pulses;
pulses that do not fall within published standards for dialing pulses;
pulses that are of unequal amplitude or whose amplitudes are not typical of that particular line; or
dial pulses on line typically using DTMF.
These events are all characteristic of an intermittently defective communication line. Switches 20, 22 and 24 may be programmed to detect these events and either individually store the events and associated information such as call originating information or to forward it to a database 42. Workstation 50 may then be used to analyze the collected data to implement pattern analyses that will identify those calls generated by spurious pulses. The pattern analysis may be based upon a combination of the history of calls at that switch or from the lines at issue, pre-set standards for pulse and dialing characteristics or the frequency of the detected events over defined time periods.
The foregoing is provided for purposes of explanation and disclosure of preferred embodiments of the present invention. For instance, numerous combinations of telephone numbers may be chosen to create a selected number and other characteristics of intermittently defective lines may be identified and monitored for. Further modifications and adaptations to the described embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention and the following claims.
1. A method for passively detecting an intermittently defective communications line within a communications network, the method comprising the steps of:
- a) monitoring for and identifying at least one signal symptomatic of an intermittently defective communications line, wherein the at least one signal comprises at least one of the following:
- (i) communications line seizures wherein a complete telephone number is not dialed;
- (ii) pulses whose characteristics do not meet selected threshold parameters;
- (iii) pulses appearing on a communications line normally using DTMF signaling; and
- (iv) pulses of unequal amplitude or whose amplitude are not typical of that particular line; and
- b) correlating the at least one signal with an identifier describing the intermittently defective communications line.
2. A method according to claim 1 in which the at least one signal comprises a spurious communication generated by the defective communications line.
3. A method according to claim 2 in which the monitoring step comprises the steps of monitoring communications to a selected number and the identifying step comprises the step of determining through pattern analysis that a particular communication was spurious.
4. A method according to claim 3 in which the pattern analysis is based upon a combination of a history of calls obtained from the communications line, pre-set standards for pulse and dialing characteristics, or frequency of detected events over defined time periods.
5. A method for passively detecting an intermittently defective communications line within a communication network, the method comprising the steps of:
- a) monitoring for and identifying at least one signal symptomatic of an intermittently defective communications line by programming a switch to identify the at least one signal, which is selected from the group consisting of the following signals:
- (i) communications line seizures wherein a complete telephone number is not dialed;
- (ii) pulses whose characteristics do not meet selected threshold parameters;
- (iii) pulses appearing on a communications line normally using DTMF signaling; and
- (iv) pulses of unequal amplitude or whose amplitude are not typical of that particular line; and
- b) correlating the at least one signal with an identifier describing the intermittently defective communications line.
6. A method for improving communication services by detecting defective communications lines within a communications network, in which the method comprises the steps of:
- a) identifying spurious pulses intermittently generated by a particular defective communications line, wherein the spurious pulses correspond to at least one of the following:
- (i) communications line seizures wherein a complete telephone number is not dialed;
- (ii) pulses whose characteristics do not meet selected threshold parameters;
- (iii) pulses appearing on a communications line normally using DTMF signaling; and
- (iv) pulses of unequal amplitude or whose amplitude are not typical of that particular line; and
- b) associating the spurious pulses with an identifier associated with the line that generated the spurious pulses.
7. A method according to claim 6 in which the identification step comprises the step of configuring the switch to detect events that coincide with spurious pulses.
8. A method for improving communication services by detecting defective communications lines within a communications network, in which the method comprises the steps of:
- a) identifying spurious pulses intermittently generated by a particular defective communications line by configuring a switch to detect events that coincide with the spurious pulses, wherein the events are from the group consisting of:
- (i) communications line seizures wherein a complete telephone number is not dialed;
- (ii) pulses whose characteristics do not meet selected threshold parameters;
- (iii) pulses appearing on a communications line normally using touch tone signaling; and
- (iv) pulses of unequal amplitude or whose amplitude are not typical of that particular line; and
- b) associating the spurious pulses with an identifier associated with the line that generated the spurious pulses.
9. A method according to claim 6 in which the identification step comprises the step of monitoring the communications line associated with each of the events to determine absence or presence of selected frequencies upon the line.
10. A method according to claim 6 in which the association step comprises the steps of:
- a) configuring a central office switch to capture call detail records, including identifier data describing origination of terminating communications to be routed to a selected number; and
- b) correlating a detected spurious pulse with the origination data.
11. A method according to claim 6 in which the identification step comprises the steps of:
- a) defining a selected number to which terminating communications are routed by the communication network; and
- b) analyzing the terminating communications to identify spurious communications.
12. A method according to claim 11 in which the defining step comprises the step of selecting an N11 number wherein N is a number from 2 to 5.
13. A method according to claim 11 which the defining step comprises the step of selecting a number having a digit value between 1 and 4 and a set value less than 5.
14. A method according to claim 11 in which the analyzing step comprises the step of reviewing data describing multiples of the terminating communications to determine atypical patterns of communication to the selected number.
15. A method according to claim 14 further comprising the step of capturing data describing the multiples of the terminating communications.
16. A method according to claim 15 in which the capturing step comprises the step of monitoring terminating communications to the selected number to capture call detail records, including data describing the origination of each of the terminating communications.
17. A method according to claim 11 further comprising the step of determining the absence or presence of signals selected from the group consisting of human voice frequency, data signal, a facsimile signal and a noise signal.
18. A method according to claim 6 further comprising the step of testing a communications line associated with a particular spurious communication.
Type: Grant
Filed: May 28, 1998
Date of Patent: Jun 10, 2003
Assignee: BellSouth Intellectual Property Corporation (Wilmington, DE)
Inventors: William A. Williamson, III (Stone Mountain, GA), William Halliburton Greer (Marietta, GA), Robert Franklin Jones (Snellville, GA)
Primary Examiner: Binh Tieu
Attorney, Agent or Law Firm: Nora M. Tocups
Application Number: 09/085,304
International Classification: H04M/124; H04M/308; H04M/322;


text:
According to the NZ Herald, Chris Cairns has now been formally charged.
The article is slightly confused, as it mentions the offence of perverting the course of justice and the offence of perjury. The two offences are not the same, although from Cairns' point of view it is a distinction without a difference. Either way his conduct in the libel trial against Lalit Modi is being challenged and thus the credibility of his denials about match fixing is in issue.
Both perjury and perverting the course of justice concern whether or not the process of justice has been obstructed. Perjury is committed when a person lies under oath, either while giving evidence in court or in sworn statements presented to the court. Perverting the course of justice can be committed by actions such as hiding or destroying evidence material to a case.
In many trials perjury is technically committed: judgments often state that a witness' evidence was 'not credible', or that the witness was clearly trying to tailor their evidence to suit their side of the case. Prosecutions do not automatically follow, especially if the evidence was not material to the case or at least the lie did not affect the outcome (say because the witness' side lost the case, or won on grounds independent of the dodgy evidence).
A prosecution is usually only brought where there has been a very serious breach. Jeffrey Archer's case was a classic example: his entire case was brought on a lie - abusing the very notion of justice, as well as wasting millions of pounds of both public and private money.
Much the same applies to perverting the course of justice: a prosecution would only follow in serious cases.
I would expect therefore that the charges against Cairns will be based on serious allegations. But it is important to stress - as I have before and will continue to do - that that does not mean they have been proven yet. Especially where the squalid world of match-fixing is concerned, the truth will always be difficult to ascertain. Cairns is innocent until proven guilty, and if nothing else, as he himself has stated, at least he now has the chance to defend himself in a proper legal forum, with full disclosure of evidence and cross-examination of all witnesses.
Moreover, although there is no material difference between English law and New Zealand law in this area, it seems to me to be an advantage that the trial is taking place in England, where it is likely none of the jury will have heard of Cairns (unless they are cricket fans). The story has been reported in England but only on the sports pages. Thus, Cairns will at least get a fair trial instead of the trial by media he has had to endure for the past few months in New Zealand.


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Another kickstarter project that caught our attention was Tuit. One again, a ring containing NFC technology is being couched as the 'next big thing' – only this time it also opens your Android phone for you.
The company's kickstarter page sums up the product so; "Tuit gives you the magic touch. By using Near Field Communication (NFC) technology, Tuit communicates with our Lockscreen Mobile App each time you turn on your screen to use your device. Anyone who picks up your phone or tablet just sees a standard lockscreen asking to enter a PIN code or draw a pattern. But, when you wear your Tuit on your hand and use that hand to hold your device, it's always open and ready for use. Cool, right?"
Their goal is to raise $100,000 and so far with 203 backers they have raised $6,118, so still a way to go but we wish them luck!
You can pledge at their Kickstarter page here.


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Penicuik Athletic slipped to second in the Superleague after a narrow 2-1 defeat to Jeanfield Swifts.
The home side started strongly and two goals in five minutes rocked Cuikie and had them on the back foot. The first goal came in the 11th minute when Deans nipped in ahead of keeper Allison to power home a header off a corner kick.
Then in the 16th minute a well timed through pass set Davies free and his low shot hit the back of the net despite Allison getting a hand to the ball.
Penicuik gradually got over the initial shock and started to press the home side but struggled to get past a dogged Jeanfield defence.
They were thrown a lifeline though in the 32nd minute when keeper Mitchell turned the ball into his own net when trying to clear a corner.
Penicuik gained confidence from this and were working hard for the equaliser, but were unable to get past a solid defence.
The closest they came to scoring was again from a corner, but Hume's header went over the bar, and in the 45th minute, Ponton had a chance but he dragged his shot just wide of the upright.
Penicuik came out for the second half with drive and determination and in the 51st minute, a training ground corner kick, saw a powerful Forbes strike brilliantly saved by Mitchell.
One minute later, Ponton broke up the left and his cross was headed inches wide of the post by Somerville.
Jeanfield threatened when they thumped a long ball from defence to the lone striker Holden, but Allison was well placed to save comfortably.
In the 70th minute, Davies went close with a free kick which went inches wide. Five minutes later, a poorly taken Penicuik corner kick allowed the home side to break quickly from defence and only the pace and persistence of Mendes held off Holden long enough for Allison to rush from goal and smother the ball at the striker's feet.
Penicuik tried hard for the equaliser but despite some good lead up play, they failed to penetrate the home defence in the last third of the pitch.


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Twin toddlers and their grandparents died in a fire in a suburban Maryland house early on Tuesday, and investigators said they were trying to determine the cause of the blaze. The home appears to have had no smoke detectors, the authorities said.
Firefighters arrived at the house in Chillum, about six miles north of Washington, just after 2 a.m., the Prince George's County fire chief, Marc Bashoor, said.
They found three sides of the house and both floors in flames, and frantic family members who had escaped told them occupants were trapped inside, Chief Bashoor said.
With ladders and hoses freezing in the bitter cold, the firefighters fought their way into the burning building and found the 2-year-old twins, identified as Anna and Israel Omijie, almost immediately. The children were taken to the hospital, where both were declared dead a short time later, Chief Bashoor said at a news conference.
Their grandmother, Caroline Omogbo, 55, was taken out of the house but pronounced dead at the scene, while her husband, Samson Omogbo, 63, was found dead inside the house, the fire chief said.
Three other family members escaped the fire, including the twins' mother, who jumped from a second-floor window, Chief Bashoor said. Her injuries were described as not life threatening,
It was not immediately clear whether the victims were found in the same room or what floor they were on.
Chief Bashoor said in a statement on Twitter that no smoke alarms had been found in the house, which the family was renting.
The fire took place on a grim anniversary, the chief noted: On Jan. 19, 2015, four children and their grandparents died in a house fire in nearby Annapolis.
Investigators said the Annapolis blaze started when a corroded electrical outlet ignited the skirt under a Christmas tree, and then it spread up the tree and through the house.


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Sık Sorulan Sorular - Calc
From The Document Foundation Wiki
TDF LibreOffice Document Liberation Project Community Blogs Pootle Nextcloud Redmine Ask LibreOffice Donate
- How can I continue to see the titles of columns or rows when I go down the sheet or to the right?
- How can I see all the rows/columns? Some of them are hidden.
- How to change the order of individual sheets in a spreadsheet
- Tek bir hücreyi nasıl taşırım
- Sütunlar nasıl taşınır
- How to deselect one sheet in a spreadsheet after having selected several
- What is the maximum number of cells, rows, columns and sheets in a LibreOffice spreadsheet?
- How to select all the data on a sheet
- How to select two cells that are not adjacent
- How to make a carriage return take you to the row below and the cell to the left
- How to find all the special characters in a document
- How do I create my own sort lists?
- How to insert a variable date into a cell
- How to insert a fixed date or time
- How to use the autofilter
- I want to write "abc" in a cell and LibO prevents me from doing so (it adds a capital letter)
- How to deactivate the capital letter at the beginning of a phrase
- How to suppress the auto-completion of words
- How to enter a percentage value into a cell
- I can't modify styles
- How to insert a row into the first row before a matrix
- How to add a row to a range (list) of data
- How to search for several terms at once
- Some keyboard shortcuts that I used to use in OpenOffice.org don't work as before.
- Keyboard shortcuts for Calc
- How to copy comments from one cell to another
- How to update references to linked cells when copying form controls


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Delighted to have work in this group show, from the Esbat Collective at Coburg House.
City Primeval is a multi-disciplinary exploration of two worlds - the sophisticated and the wild, binary opposites which cannot exist without each other. The aim of the work is to reflect the constant tension between the civilised and primitive aspects of our nature.
The work is inspired by the pursuit of true satisfaction amidst the transitory temptations of the city, and how it can be found (or lost) in the experience of human closeness, friendship and companionship, but also in knowledge of one's own limitations.
Exhibiting artists
Carolann Alexander
Tessa Berring
Johanna Bommelin
Heather Craig
Ciara Dunne
Faith Elliott
Penny Forbes
Rachel Forbes
Komachi Goto
Jo Richardson
Mel Roy
Fee Scroggie
Mary Trodden
Marta Tycinska
Sarah Wilson
Part of Embassy Annuale 2016.


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This is a great podcast for discovering how many conversations are being held, with resilience, about motherhood.
Amy Westervelt recommends books that want to redefine perceptions of motherhood. Reclaiming our independence and empowerment and leading to understanding and collaboration. We can support each other in the varying degrees of motherhood we are presented with in our lives. We are have our stories which only we can tell. These can be such powerful teachers.
"As a parent, I know how hard it is to find storytelling about being a parent that doesn't suck. That treats the person on the other end—conceivably a person with a kid—as not a stupid idiot that just wants simple, dumb, wrong advice.
This is a podcast that avoids all those traps, and tells stories that are complicated and interesting and moving."
—Jad Abumrad, Radiolab


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Motors affected by the 1992 environmental legislation are mostly meeting the Energy Policy and Conservation Act's (EPACT) minimum load efficiencies. Advanced Energy Corp. (AEC), Raleigh, NC, has completed the first in a series of studies to determine if newer motors are complying with the minimum EPACT-specified energy efficiency. The Motors and Drives Laboratory of AEC was the first motor-testing laboratory to be certified through the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program, a requirement under EPACT. The AEC study tested 20-horsepower, 1800-rpm, totally enclosed, fan-cooled motors from 15 manufacturers. The goal of this study is to see if the motors meet the minimum required efficiency, which EPACT specifies as the nominal efficiency for motor nameplates defined by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). The results of this study will not be used to certify compliance with EPACT regulations. The AEC study is primarily for industrial motor users, which have a vested interest in ensuring that the motors they buy comply with all the rules.
PASSED SIX YEARS ago, the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPACT) was designed to help cut the amount of energy consumed by various industrial and consumer products. The act outlawed certain types of fluorescent tubes, for example, and set standards for both alternative-fuel vehicles in large fleets and low-flow toilets. Another main provision required manufacturers to stop offering motors with rated load efficiencies that fall below a specified minimum. This could be one of EP ACT's most significant measures, because approximately 70 to 75 percent of the electricity consumed by industry is used to run motors.
Whereas many of EPACT's provisions took effect soon after the act was passed, motor manufactures had until October 1997 to implement the measure. The act stipulates progressively higher efficiencies for higher horsepower. All general-purpose, three-phase induction motors between 1 and 200 horsepower are affected. "Motors that had efficiencies high enough to make them compliant with EPACT had been available long before EPACT was passed," said Kitt Butler, industrial sales and marketing manager at Advanced Energy Corp. (AEC) in Raleigh, N.C., "but they were approximately 20 percent more expensive than their less- efficient counterparts. Now that the legislation has gone into effect, manufacturers no longer have the option of making a less expensive, less efficient motor."
AEC has completed the first in a series of studies to determine if newer motors are complying with the minimum EPACT -specified energy efficiency. The Motors and Drives Laboratory of AEC-a nonprofit, independent engineering firm that focuses on energy-efficiency issues was the first motor-testing laboratory to be certified through the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program, a requirel11.ent under EPACT. Six other laboratories, most of which are owned and operated by motor manufacturers, also have been accredited.
The AEC study tested 20-horsepower, 1,800-rpm, totally enclosed, fan-cooled motors from 15 manufacturers. This type was chosen because motors of relatively low horsepower are by far the most commonly used (about 80 percent of installed motors are 25 horsepower or less). The EPACT efficiency level specified for motors of this rating is 91.0. The study was designed to determine if these new motors perform as advertised and if their higher efficiencies had any consequence on performance.
One problem with testing new motors is that they sometimes exhibit a break-in phenomenon, which leads to higher efficiencies with repeated tests. To reduce the possible effects of this phenomenon, AEC ran all motors at no load for at least 8 hours prior to efficiency testing. Locked-rotor current, locked-rotor torque, and breakdown torque tests were conducted at 60 hertz and near rated voltage.
The goal of this study is to see if the motors meet the minimum required efficiency, which EPACT specifies as the nominal efficiency for motor nameplates defined by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NE MA). Every NEMA-defined efficiency has an associated minimum efficiency, which allows for normal variation in motor manufacturing. For a nameplate efficiency of 91.0, the minimum value is 89.5, so no motor with that nameplate should perform below 89.5 for full-load efficiency.
Overall, only one motor in this test group did not meet the NEMA-defined minimum efficiency. (The 7 -percent NEMA minimum failure rate for this group is an improvement over the 20-percent failure rate for all previous new motors tested at AEC.) Another motor exceeded its nominal nameplate efficiency by 1.5 points. Cost of operation-based on full-load operation for 8,000 hours per year at an average electricity cost of 5 cents per kilowatt-hour-varies from. $6,452 to $6,691, or about $240 per year.
The legislation does not cover efficiency at other than full load, but motors often run at lower levels and are generally more efficient there. The tested values of efficiencies at 75- percent load range from 89.7 to 93.0. At 50-percent load, the tested values of efficiencies range from 89.0 to 92.9 and the cost of operation varies from $3,212 to $3,353, or about $141 per year. The tests confirmed that the part-load efficiencies are generally higher than at full load.
Other performance characteristics not covered by EPACT are useful as reliability indicators. Among these is the temperature rise of the stator winding above ambient temperature after the motor has thermally stabilized at rated load and rated voltage conditions. For all new class F 20-horsepower motors tested at AEC except for those in this study, the average temperature rise is 59. 8°C.
A common rule of thumb for electrical insulation is that its life is shortened by one-half for every 10° C increase in operating temperature; for bearing lubricant, that happens for every 15°C increase. The variation from minimum to maximum temperature for these motors is about 40°C. This magnitude of difference in temperature rise can impact motor life. The rise for all motors was within the maximum allowed for class F motors, although the 40°C variation within the group can have an impact on motor life.
Another potentially useful performance characteristic not covered by EPACT is current unbalance: the percent unbalance between individual phase currents supplying the motor at rated load when running at balanced (within 0.1 percent) phase-to-phase voltage conditions. This serves as an indicator of electromagnetic nonsymmetry between the phases in a motor. The degree of nonsymmetry depends on many factors, including air-gap eccentricity, voltage unbalance, and current unbalance. Almost all motors have some degree of nonsymmetry; this becomes a problem at levels high enough to induce shaft currents in the motor, which can reduce bearing life. Current unbalance can cause temperature unbalances in individual motor phases.
The average current unbalance of all new AEC-tested motors is 1.1 percent. current unbalance in the EPACT -related tests suggests that at least one of these motors is outside the normal population distribution of previously tested motors. Two-thirds of the motors exceeded the NEMA-defined maximum starting current, which can contribute to nuisance trips at motor start-up.
Load requirements (and therefore energy consumption) can be significantly affected by the full-load operating speed of induction motors when applied to pump or fan loads. Induction-motor full-load speed is difficult to control in the manufacturing process because it is very sensitive to rotor resistance. Since most induction-motor rotors under 200 horsepower are made of aluminum-die-cast squirrel-cage designs, controlling the rotor-cage resistance exactly is difficult. NEMA allows for a 20-percent variation in the synchronous operating speed implied by the full-load speed listed on a motor nameplate; actual full-load speeds varied from 4 rpm slower than the nameplated value to 8 rpm faster. For 1 ,800-rpm motors, a 6-rpm speed difference will result in about I-percent load change on a centrifugal machine. Full-load nameplate speed was within NEMA tolerance for all motors in the EPACT test group.
The results of this study will not be used to certify compliance with EPACT regulations. "Even though the laws are in effect, the rules are still being written, and there won't be enforcement for a few more years," Butler said. "As a result, there is more time to become con1pliant." The AEC study is primarily for industrial motor users, which have a vested interest in ensuring that the motors they buy comply with all the rules.
"Such information is useful," Butler added, "because the performance and efficiency of motors with the exact same nameplate information can vary." (Detailed results of this study, including brand-specific information, are available from AEC.) Ten-horsepower, l,800-rpm motors are the next group of motors that AEC plans to test.


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When we shared our post about the $3.5 million in marijuana tax revenues collected by the State of Colorado in January, we asked if readers think cities and counties that have banned recreational sales will reconsider when they see how much money is coming in. Plenty answered "yes," often passionately. Here's one example.
Lydia Cabrera writes:
Yep, watch the hypocritical cities come out and ask for some of that money. I refuse to spend my money in Douglas County or any other cities where MMJ or rec is not allowed. All those white collar fucks understand is $$.
Send your story tips to the author, Michael Roberts.
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