text:
2017 California wildfires
In terms of property damage, 2017 was the most destructive wildfire season on record in California at the time,[4] with a total of 9,133 fires burning 1,381,405 acres (5,590.35 km2) of land, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, including five of the 20 most destructive wildland-urban interface fires in the state's history.[1][5] Throughout 2017, the fires destroyed or damaged more than 10,000 structures in the state (destroyed 9,470, damaged 810), a higher tally than the previous nine years combined.[citation needed] State data showed that the large wildfires killed 47 people – 45 civilians and 2 firefighters – almost higher than the previous 10 years combined.[6] The total property damage was surpassed by the 2018 California wildfires.
|2017 California wildfires
Smoke from the Alamo and Whittier fires during the 2017 California fire season, on July 8, 2017.
|Total fires
|Total area
|1,381,405 acres (5,590.35 km2)
|≥$18.0 billion (2018 USD) (Costliest on record)[2][3]
|45 civilians, 2 firefighters
|Non-fatal injuries
|12 firefighters, 199 civilians
← 2016
2018 →
Throughout the early months of 2017, there was heavy rainfall over most of California, which triggered widespread flooding, thus temporarily mitigating the state's historic drought conditions. However, according to a report published by the National Interagency Fire Center, the potential for large fires was "expected to remain near normal through the spring, but once fine fuels dry out, there will likely be a spike in grass fire activity."[7]
In December 2017, strong Santa Ana winds triggered a new round of wildfires, including the massive Thomas Fire in Ventura County.[8][9] At the time, the Thomas Fire was California's largest modern wildfire, which has since been surpassed by the Mendocino Complex's Ranch Fire in 2018. The December 2017 fires forced over 230,000 people to evacuate, with the 6 largest fires burning over 307,900 acres (1,246 km2) and more than 1,300 structures.[10][11]
During the year, 5 of the 20 most destructive wildfires in the state's history burned between October and December: #1 Tubbs, #6 Nuns, #7 Thomas, #11 Atlas, and #17 Redwood Valley Complex.[12] The wildfires collectively caused at least $18.0 billion (2018 USD) in damages, including $13.2 billion in insured losses, $3 billion in other economic losses, and $1.8 billion in fire suppression costs, making the 2017 California fires the costliest on record.[2][3] The total economic cost, including fire suppression, insurance, direct and indirect economic losses, and recovery expenditures is estimated at about $180 billion (2017 USD).[13] This number includes economic harm to the wine industry, where several wineries in Napa and Sonoma were destroyed, and where many wine grapes were severely damaged by smoke. Cal Fire spent $700 million during fiscal year 2017, far exceeding the approximately $426 million the agency had budgeted that year for fire suppression.[6] This made 2017 the most expensive firefighting year on record in California state history.[14]
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2017 will be remembered as a year of extremes. It was the third-warmest year on record for the United States, and it was the second-hottest in California, bringing to the surface the question of long-term climate change and its contribution to the 2017 California fires. The hotter temperatures dry out vegetation, making them easier to burn, predisposing vulnerable regions like California to more wildfires in the coming decades as temperatures continue to rise and rainfall continues to decline.[6]
- 1 Environmental and Health Impact
- 2 Future Projections
- 3 Wildfire maps
- 4 Wildfires
- 5 October Northern California wildfires
- 6 December Southern California wildfires
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Environmental and Health ImpactEdit
Trends in Wildfire ActivityEdit
Climate change is impacting the number and intensity of wildfires Nationwide, particularly in the American West.[15] Although the number of wildfires in California has steadily been declining since 1980, the total acres burned and average acres burned is on the rise.[16] According to Ottmar, the amount of greenhouse gases emitted from a wildfire is directly related to fuel consumption, which is the result of area burned, burning period, fuel characteristics, and fire behavior.[17] These factors lead to the production of greenhouse gases, fine particulate matter emission, black carbon emission, carbon dioxide and monoxide production, as well as other trace gases.[18][19] The amount and type of emissions resulting from wildfires is dependent on the model used, as demonstrated by Larkin et al. in their comparison of four emissions inventories created for the contiguous United States (CONUS).[20]
Carbon Emissions and Contribution to Air PollutionEdit
California's forests are huge carbon reservoirs for the state. The forests and vegetation of state wild lands stored an estimated 850 million tons of carbon in 2010, and accounted for approximately 69 million tons of carbon emitted between 2001 and 2010. Annual carbon losses from forests and wild lands in California represent as much as 5 to 7 percent of state carbon emissions from all sectors between 2001 and 2010, according to the study.[21] Wildfires in Southern California burn through fuel sources such as vegetation, gasoline, coal, and create a nasty mixture of aerosols and gases into the atmosphere- include hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide contributes to reactions that produce ground-level ozone, a harmful pollutant. It can also make breathing difficult to dangerous when trapped near the ground.[22] A 2014 study by Mark Jacobson showed evidence that the burning of biomass like trees, plants, and grass—either by accident or deliberately creates 18 percent of all human-caused carbon emissions (nearly 8.5 billion tons each year), and accounts for 5-10 percent of all air pollution deaths worldwide, or about 250,000 people annually.[23][24]
According to Jacobson, biomass burning has other impacts that increase warming in the atmosphere, beyond just producing greenhouse gas emissions. The process also creates tiny bits of soot, called black carbon, and traces of harmful substances, known as brown carbon, which together cause more global warming per unit weight than other human-associated carbon sources.[23] California is one of the few jurisdictions in the world to set mandatory greenhouse gas emissions targets. A 2015 study by the National Park Service and UC Berkeley that quantified the amount of carbon stored and released through California forests and wild lands found that wildfires and deforestation are contributing more than expected to the state's greenhouse gas emissions.[25] These data and the most recent wildfires of 2017 could have dire implications for California's efforts to meet goals mandated by the state Global Warming Solutions Act, or AB 32, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020. The bill, which passed in 2006, assumed no net emissions for wild land ecosystems by 2020. Maintenance of balance in carbon storage and emissions is disrupted by wildfires which wipe out vegetation that naturally removes carbon from the atmosphere, exacerbating climate change.[26]
Health ImpactEdit
In addition to the tremendous economic loss and danger to human lives, wildfires also play a huge part in significantly worsening air quality in both local and downwind regions, causing more long-term human health problems.[27] Emissions from wildfires transported or nearby urban areas can be a sporadic but significant contribution to urban air pollution. For example, the Environmental Protection Agency's National Emission Inventory reported that 27% of carbon monoxide and 17% of fine particulate matter (below 2.5μm) emissions throughout the Western states was due to wildfires. Smoke generated from wildfires from thousands of miles away can impact air quality in urban areas, and the air pollution generated from the burned biomass can cause these same urban areas to exceed the EPA's National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). In addition, increased air pollution due to wildfires can exacerbate pre-existing cardiovascular[28] and respiratory conditions, such as asthma or COPD, and can impair lung function.
Populations most vulnerable to health effects due to wildfires include:
- Children - Because children's lungs are still developing, they are more susceptible to acute and chronic symptoms due to air pollution.[29] As such, children have higher rates of asthma than adults,[30] which can be further aggravated by particulate pollution from wildfire smoke. Additionally, children tend to spend more time running and playing outside than adults which can increase their vulnerability to all types of air pollution.
- Older adults - Older adults have a higher prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular and respiratory illness which can be exacerbated by wildfire particulate pollution. Additionally, immune function declines with age which further increases vulnerability of adverse health effects. Numerous studies have shown that hospital admissions of the elderly for cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms increase during and after wildfires.[31]
- Those with pre-existing cardiovascular or respiratory conditions - Wildfire smoke can worsen symptoms of pre-existing cardiovascular and respiratory conditions causing increased morbidity and mortality among this population.[32]
- Pregnant women - Exposure to particulate matter pollution by pregnant women has been linked to decreased birth weights and other adverse birth outcomes.[33]
- Those of lower socioeconomic status - Those of lower SES show higher prevalence rates of asthma and other diseases,[34] which can increase risk of severe symptoms and hospitalization due to particulate matter pollution from wildfires.
Limiting exposure to wildfire smoke is important for prevention of smoke-related illnesses. Staying indoors, reducing physical activity, using air filters and air conditioners, and reducing other forms of indoor air pollution such as smoking and use of propane and wood-burning stoves are strategies to limit exposure to wildfire smoke.[35] In addition, checking the news and local Air Quality Index reports can be useful for information regarding pollution levels and public health safety recommendations for areas impacted by wildfires and wildfire smoke.
Human Impact on Wildfire ActivityEdit
Although climate and weather patterns are key drivers of wildfire occurrence across California, humans are currently responsibly for around 95% of wildfires in the state. Many of California's communities are built in or near areas of natural vegetation that is prone to fires. In San Diego alone, 3 out of every 4 homes are built within risk-prone areas. There are a multitude of predictor models that attempt to understand the scope of wildfire activity over the coming century with most agreeing that climate change will have a huge impact on wildfire activity changes, with an estimated increase in total area burned between 15 and 50 percent. Ongoing expansion of communities into fire-prone areas greatly impacts current models developed and must be studied further in order to discern the overall impact on structural damage and lives impacted. California occupies a broad climate space, spanning alpine zones, temperate rain forests, ecosystems, and deserts. In addition, the state is the most populous in the country, meaning that these ever-growing communities will have a large impact on whether or not California will increase or decrease the amount of fires over the course of the next century.[36]
Electrical lines and equipment have consistently been among the three major causes of California wildfires in recent years. They were the leading cause of fires that burned more acres in California than any other cause in 2015.[37]
Future ProjectionsEdit
California Wildfire ActivityEdit
Although it is very difficult to predict future conditions for wildfires in California, several studies have been published in attempt to show the significant impact wildfires will have across the state and the Western United States. Since it is a mountainous and populous state, California has a unique set of both geographical and meteorological parameters associated with wildfires. Projections of future wildfire activity in southern California are sparse and the few that have been completed are contradictory.[27] In addition, projection models differ based on the general circulation models (GCMs) used to estimate changes in wildfire activity. However, a recent study conducted in 2014 by Yue et al. attempted to better estimate and avoid the discrepancies in past wildfire activity projection models. In this study, researchers found that wildfire activity will increase in southwestern California and the Sierra Nevada in coming decades as a consequence of increasing surface temperature.[27]
In 2014, a study found a human fingerprint in growing California wildfire risks.[38] The paper is titled "Extreme fire season in California: A glimpse into the future?" It was published as the second chapter of "Explaining Extreme Events of 2014" by the American Meteorological Society.[39] The authors also projected increases in the drought index, the area under extreme threat of fires, and the days of fire danger, stating that, "The increase in extreme fire risk is expected within the coming decade to exceed that of natural variability and this serves as an indication that anthropogenic climate warming will likely play a significant role in influence California's fire season."[39]
Lightning StrikesEdit
According to Romps et al., as annual temperatures and precipitation activity changes due to global warming, there will be increases in lightning strikes across the United States. Per °C of increased temperature due to global warming, there will be a mean increase in lightning strikes of 12 ± 5 percent. This increase in lightning strikes will impact areas like California that have already been impacted by intense wildfire activity. These increases in lightning strikes will increase wildfires caused by natural causes instead of man-made wildfires in less inhabited regions, leading to fires that are difficult for firefighters to reach, leading to larger, more destructive burn areas.[40]
Health Burden of Wildfires and Climate ChangeEdit
In 2017, a study projected that the single largest threat to Los Angeles County hospitals related to climate change is the direct impacts resulting from the expected increase in wildfires. In Los Angeles County, 34% of hospitals are within one mile of very high fire hazard severity zones, with 24% of these hospitals having a disproportionate share of patient load and 12% impacted by health care shortages. In addition, one of the hospitals studied was in danger of sea-coastal flooding due to the effects of climate change. This issue will become a greater obstacle as sea levels rise due to increase annual temperatures.[41]
As a consequence of further global warming, it is projected that there will be an increase in risk due to climate-driven wildfires in the coming decades. Because of warming, frequent droughts, and the legacy of past land management and expansion of residential areas, both people and the ecology with which we coexist are more vulnerable to wildfires. Wildfire activity is closely tied to temperature and drought over time. Globally, the length of the fire season increased by nearly 19% from 1979 to 2013, with significantly longer seasons in the western states. Since 1985, more than 50% of the wildfire area burned in the western United States can be attributed to anthropogenic climate change. In addition, due to human fire suppression methods, there is a build of fuels in some ecosystems, making them more vulnerable to wildfires. There is greater risk of fires occurring in denser, dryer forests where histrionically these fires occurred in low-density areas. Lastly, with increases in human population, we have expanded out communities into areas that are at higher risk to wildfire threat, making these same populations more vulnerable to structural damage and death due to wildfires. Since 1990, the average annual number of homes lost to wildfires has increased by 300%. Almost 900,000 of western US residences are currently in high risk wildfire areas with nearly 35% of wildfires in California starting within this high risk areas. Thus, policies must be generated that allow for adaptation to increased wildfire risk and reduce further vulnerability in these high risk areas.[42]
Wildfire mapsEdit
This section contains maps of the locations and burn areas of the fires that occurred during the largest outbreaks of the season. The burn areas of some major fires are included in some of the maps.
|October 2017
|Location of the California wildfires in October 2017
|December 2017
|Location of the California wildfires in December 2017
Below is a list of all fires that exceeded 1,000 acres (400 ha) during the 2017 California wildfire season, as well as the fires that caused significant damage.[43] The information is taken from CAL FIRE's list of large fires, and other sources where indicated.
|Start Date
|Containment Date
|April 20, 2017
|April 21, 2017
|April 30, 2017
|May 2, 2017
|May 18, 2017
|May 21, 2017
|San Diego
|May 20, 2017
|May 23, 2017
|June 10, 2017
|June 13, 2017
|June 18, 2017
|June 28, 2017
|San Bernardino
|June 19, 2017
|June 29, 2017
|June 24, 2017
|August 10, 2017
|Salmon August Complex
|June 25, 2017
|December 8, 2017
|June 26, 2017
|June 30, 2017
|San Luis Obispo
|June 26, 2017
|June 30, 2017
|4 homes destroyed
|July 6, 2017
|July 12, 2017
|San Luis Obispo
|July 6, 2017
|July 19, 2017
|1 home destroyed, 1 damaged
|July 7, 2017
|July 17, 2017
|41 homes, 48 outbuildings destroyed, 10 damaged
|Santa Barbara
|July 8, 2017
|October 5, 2017
|16 homes, 30 outbuildings destroyed, 7 damaged
|July 8, 2017
|July 11, 2017
|July 9, 2017
|July 21, 2017
|1 structure destroyed
|Long Valley
|July 11, 2017
|July 21, 2017
|July 16, 2017
|August 24, 2017
|63 homes, 68 structures destroyed (131 total), 21 damaged
|Modoc July Complex
|July 24, 2017
|August 16, 2017
|Orleans Complex
|July 25, 2017
|September 26, 2017
|August 1, 2017
|November 27, 2017
|Parker 2
|August 3, 2017
|August 29, 2017
|August 7, 2017
|August 28, 2017
|Merged into the Eclipse Complex's Oak fire
|South Fork
|August 13, 2017
|November 27, 2017
|August 13, 2017
|August 16, 2017
|Eclipse Complex
|August 15, 2017
|November 29, 2017
|August 29, 2017
|November 29, 2017
|August 29, 2017
|October 24, 2017
|5 homes, 9 structures destroyed
|August 29, 2017
|September 9, 2017
|32 homes, 22 outbuildings, 15 damaged
|August 29, 2017
|September 1, 2017
|August 29, 2017
|September 12, 2017
|August 30, 2017
|November 15, 2017
|133 structures destroyed
|La Tuna
|Los Angeles
|September 1, 2017
|September 9, 2017
|5 homes, 5 structures destroyed
|September 2, 2017
|September 6, 2017
|September 3, 2017
|September 13, 2017
|4 structures destroyed
|September 12, 2017
|November 20, 2017
|September 24, 2017
|December 2, 2017
|September 25, 2017
|October 4, 2017
|6 structures damaged
|October 8, 2017
|October 16, 2017
|October 8, 2017
|October 31, 2017
|6 fatalities, 785 structures destroyed, 40 damaged
|October 8, 2017
|October 31, 2017
|22 fatalities, 1 injured, 5,643 structures destroyed
|October 8, 2017
|October 30, 2017
|Merged with the Norrbom, Adobe, Partrick, Pressley, and Oakmont Fires. 3 fatalities, 1,200 structures destroyed
|Redwood Valley Complex
|October 8, 2017
|October 28, 2017
|9 fatalities, 43 injured, 545 structures destroyed
|La Porte
|October 9, 2017
|October 18, 2017
|October 9, 2017
|October 18, 2017
|4 fatalities, 143 residential, 123 outbuildings destroyed
|October 9, 2017
|October 26, 2017
|150 structures destroyed
|Canyon 2
|October 9, 2017
|October 18, 2017
|25 structures destroyed, 55 structures damaged
|October 9, 2017
|October 13, 2017
|October 9, 2017
|October 31, 2017
|October 9, 2017
|October 18, 2017
|At least 30 structures destroyed
|Santa Cruz
|October 16, 2017
|October 27, 2017
|7 injuries, 4 structures destroyed
|Buffalo Fire
|San Diego
|October 17, 2017
|November 14, 2017
|October 27, 2017
|October 29, 2017
|Ventura/Santa Barbara
|December 4, 2017
|January 12, 2018
|1,063 structures destroyed, 280 structures damaged, 2 firefighters injured, 1 firefighter and 1 civilian killed
|Los Angeles
|December 5, 2017
|January 9, 2018
|123 buildings destroyed, 81 buildings damaged, 3 firefighters injured
|Los Angeles
|December 5, 2017
|December 12, 2017
|6 buildings destroyed, 3 structures damaged, 1 firefighter injured
|Little Mountain
|San Bernardino
|December 5, 2017
|December 7, 2017
|3 injuries
|Los Angeles
|December 6, 2017
|December 15, 2017
|6 structures destroyed, 12 structures damaged, 3 firefighters injured
|San Diego
|December 7, 2017
|December 16, 2017
|157 structures destroyed, 64 structures damaged, 3 firefighters and 4 civilians injured
|December 7, 2017
|December 9, 2017
|7 structures destroyed
October Northern California wildfiresEdit
During the month of October, a series of wildfires broke out throughout Napa, Lake, Sonoma, Mendocino, and Butte counties during severe fire weather conditions, effectively leading to a major red flag warning from much of the northern California area. In the extreme conditions, shortly after the fires ignited, they rapidly grew to become massive conflagrations spanning from 1,000 to well over 20,000 acres apart within a single day.[120] In addition, the fires have destroyed an estimated 8,900+ structures, and killed at least 44 people.[121] The fires burned over 245,000 acres (99,148 ha) of land,[94] and forced over 20,000 people to evacuate.[122][123]
December Southern California wildfiresEdit
Multiple wildfires ignited in December across Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Ventura, San Diego, Riverside, Santa Barbara Counties. The fires were exacerbated by unusually powerful and long-lasting Santa Ana winds,[124] as well as large amounts of dry vegetation grown, due to large amounts of precipitation earlier in the year. The fires burned over 307,900 acres (1,246 km2), and caused traffic disruptions, school closures, hazardous air conditions, and massive power outages. California Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in Ventura and Los Angeles Counties,[125] and Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti declared a state of emergency for the city.[126] The largest fire was the Thomas Fire, which grew to 281,893 acres, becoming California's largest modern wildfire at the time, since surpassed by the Mendocino Complex's Ranch Fire in 2018.[127][128][129][130][131]
See alsoEdit
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- ^ "Jayne Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
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- ^ "Whittier Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
- ^ "Parkfield Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Garza Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Long Valley Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
- ^ "Detwiler Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Modoc July Complex Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
- ^ "Orleans Complex Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
- ^ "Empire Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
- ^ "Parker 2 Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
- ^ "Young Fire". InciWeb. August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
- ^ "South Fork Fire". InciWeb. November 27, 2017. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
- ^ "Blaine Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
- ^ "Eclipse Complex Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved August 16, 2017.
- ^ "Pier Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
- ^ "Railroad Fire". InciWeb. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ "Pier Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Mud Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved August 29, 2017.
- ^ "Slinkard Fire". InciWeb. September 12, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ "Helena Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ "La Tuna fire 100 percent contained, LAFD says". September 9, 2017.
- ^ "Palmer Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Mission Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
- ^ "Buck Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
- ^ "Lion Fire". InciWeb. December 2, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
- ^ "Canyon Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
- ^ "Cherokee Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Atlas Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Tubbs Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
- ^ "Nuns Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Redwood Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ Peter Fimrite & Kurtis Alexander, 17-year-old dies of burns, becomes 43rd victim of California wildfires, San Francisco Chronicle (October 30, 2017).
- ^ "La Porte Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Cascade Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Sulphur Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Canyon 2 Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ a b "California Statewide Fire Summary". CAL FIRE. State of California. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
- ^ "Pocket Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Lobo Fire". InciWeb. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
- ^ "Bear Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Buffalo Fire". CAL FIRE. November 14, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- ^ "Wildomar Fire". CAL FIRE. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Deadly Thomas Fire in Ventura County explodes to 31,000 acres overnight, 150 structures burned". Fox5News. December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
- ^ "Thomas Fire". CalFire. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "Incident Summary: Thomas Fire". Ready Ventura County. December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- ^ Eliott C. McLaughlin; Nicole Chavez; Paul Vercammen; Steve Aimasy (December 8, 2017). "California fires: Two people burned in new blaze". CNN. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
- ^ Shelby Grad (December 5, 2017). "Fast-moving Creek fire threatens homes in Sylmar area, burns 1,000 acres". Retrieved December 5, 2017.
- ^ "1,000-acre brush fire burning in Kagel Canyon near Sylmar". ABC7.com. December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
- ^ "Creek Fire". CalFire. December 21, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ "UPDATE: Rye Fire now at 1,000 acres and moving west #RyeFire". The Signal. December 5, 2017.
- ^ "Rye Fire". CalFire. December 12, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ Valenzuela, Beatriz E. (December 6, 2017). "Little Mountain fire in San Bernardino is 50 percent contained; firefighters fear tonight's winds". San Bernardino Sun. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ Serna, Joseph; Reyes-Velarde, Alejandra (December 5, 2017). "3 burned in wind-driven fire that's growing in San Bernardino County, officials say". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ Hagen, Ryan; Whitehead, Brian (December 5, 2017). "Little Mountain fire in San Bernardino forces evacuations, freeway closures". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ "Little Mountain Fire". CalFire. December 7, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ Etehad, Melissa; Nelson, Laura J.; Kohli, Sonali (December 6, 2017). "Several homes burning in Bel-Air as fire closes the 405 Freeway and forces evacuations". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ Margaret Stewart (December 9, 2017). "Skirball Fire Update". Los Angeles Fire Department. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
- ^ "Skirball fire in LA 100 percent contained". Los Angeles Daily News. December 15, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
- ^ Lyndsay Winkely (December 7, 2017). "Lilac fire off Interstate 15 chars at least 100 acres, destroys 2 structures". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- ^ "Lilac Fire". CalFire. December 16, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ^ April Newman (December 7, 2017). "Liberty Fire Incident Information Fact Sheet". Riverside County Fire Department. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- ^ "Liberty Fire Alert". Murrieta.gov. December 9, 2017. Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
- ^ Ellis, Ralph; Sterling, Joe; Murphy, Paul; McLaughlin, Elliot (October 9, 2017). "Fast-moving wildfires kill 10, spur evacuations in Northern California". CNN. CNN. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
- ^ Emslie, Alex (November 29, 2017). "October Fires' 44th Victim: A Creative, Globetrotting Engineer With 'the Kindest Heart'". KQED News. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
- ^ Allen, Karma (October 11, 2017). "At least 21 dead in horrific California wildfires, hundreds missing". ABC News. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
- ^ Kohli, Sonali; Sahagun, Louis; John, Paige St; Agrawal, Nina; Megerian, Chris (October 12, 2017). "Death toll climbs to 29 as crews begin grim search among ashes of wine country fires". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
- ^ Nelson, Laura J.; Hamilton, Matt; Tchekmedyian, Alene (December 6, 2017). "Santa Ana winds roar through Southern California, whipping fires on destructive path". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ Yee, Christopher (December 6, 2017). "State of emergency declared for Los Angeles County as Creek, Rye fires continue to burn". The Mercury News. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ "L.A. Declares Emergency as 200K Evacuate SoCal Wildfires". The Daily Beast. December 6, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ Berman, Mark; Rosenberg, Eli (December 6, 2017). "Ferocious wildfires rage across Southern California as new fire breaks out in Los Angeles". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ Berke, Jeremy; Logan, Bryan (December 6, 2017). "Schools and freeways closed, thousands of people forced to flee as multiple wildfires tear through Southern California". Business Insider. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ Jones, Judson; Criss, Doug (December 6, 2017). "A look at the California wildfires' jaw-dropping numbers". CNN. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ Fuller, Thomas (December 6, 2017). "California Today: Outlier Fires Are Becoming the Norm". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
- ^ Woodyard, Chris (December 6, 2017). "New brush fire sets homes ablaze in Los Angeles' toniest neighborhoods". USA Today. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
External linksEdit
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2017 wildfires in California.


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text:
Wine Tasting in Santa Barbara
The most popular wine tasting destinations are in Santa Maria Valleys and Santa Ynez collectively referred to as Santa Barbara Wine Country. What makes these destinations popular besides the wine are the rustic ambiance and the beautiful scenery which are a welcome change from the fast moving city life.
Wineries are scattered in huge numbers all over the place and a tourist can hope to taste a variety of wines in one place while soaking in the natural beauty. Los Olivos is a scenic town with numerous wine tasting rooms. Winery owners try to create varied themes and build an atmosphere to attract visitors. The styles range from grand and majestic settings to down to earth bucolic surroundings.
It is not that tourists can hope to find everything perfect and to their satisfaction. There are a few hitches and one major shortcoming on a wine tasting tour to Santa Ynez is transportation. The rugged terrain demands a four-wheel drive, without which moving around can be a tad difficult. Cycles are available on hire, but then not everyone is adept at cycling in the mountains. The only alternative available to the tourists is to join an organized tour or rent a four-wheel drive. Both of which can cost extra dollars. But in the end, it is all worth the price.
Fortunately, it is not just the mountain ranges of Santa Barbara that are famous for wine. If wine tasting is the main objective of the visit then that can be done in downtown areas as well. In fact, some of the best wine tasting rooms can be located in this area. They may not have picturesque natural surroundings but do boast of the finest wines and ambience.
Santa Barbara Winery
This is the oldest winery in the city. It was established almost half a century ago in 1962. When it first opened the winery brought in grapes from North California as grapes were not cultivated in Santa Barbara. It was only later that vineyard became popular in this region and local produce started being used for making wines. Some of the vineyards belonging to Santa Barbara Winery are the oldest in the region. A variety of wines are produced here and it specializes in making a distinctive mix called ZCS which is prepared using three unique varietals namely Zinfandel, Carignane and Sangiovese. The tasting rooms here are huge and open each day from 10 am to 5 pm.
Carr Vineyards and Winery
The place offers you the best wines and a completely laid back environment. It is a homely place sans any fanfare and it is the quiet solitude that is appealing to people. The winery is housed in a quaint Quonset hut dating back to the 1940s. The place resembles a warehouse with wine barrels stashed in softly lit corners.
The wine tasting counter is warm and inviting and the wines there are equally good. Carr is recognized for its unusual blend of varietals that include Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Grenache and Syrah. The proprietor of Carr vineyards and wineries is a man of great passion. His approach to winemaking is practical. He feels that the winemaking process should begin as soon as grapes are picked.
Carr is open to visitors every day between 11 am to 5 pm, except between Thursday to Saturday when it closes at 8 pm. The cost per person wanting to taste wines is only $10.
Whitcraft Winery
The winery is renowned for Chardonnay and Pinot Noirs which is prepared here in the customary Burgundy style, using hands and feet for crushing grapes. The winery prepares 2,000 cask of wine each year. The place follows age old customs and labels are still stuck by hand. Wine can be tasted here from Friday to Sunday, between noon to 4 pm. The other places where good wine can be tasted are Jaffurs Wine Cellars. In the winter the place is open only four days in a week; from Friday to Monday, between 11 am and 5 pm. However, during summer it opens daily. The winery charges $10 per person.
Whether a tourist heads to the mountains or stays in Santa Barbara the wine tasting experience can be exhilarating. It is surprising to find so many wines in Santa Barbara Wine Country.
© 2012 Juana
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Senior Transport Officer
- Recruiter
- Kirklees Metropolitan Council
- Location
- Kirklees, West Yorkshire
- Salary
- £33,799 - £35,934
- Posted
- 12 Jun 2019
- Closes
- 23 Jun 2019
- Ref
- Sector
- Environment, Transport Planning
- Job role
- Officer
- Contract Type
- Full time
This job is temporary up to June 2020 to cover a maternity leave.
The Transport Service provides escorted transport for 850 pupils with special educational needs and disabilities to schools within Kirklees and beyond. The Service also arranges transport for college students, older people to day care and other provisions for after school clubs and short breaks/respite. The service transports to approximately 65 schools and other locations and contracts commercial taxi and minibus operators to provide vehicles and drivers to deliver the service.
The Service has approximately 140 staff members overall. You will be responsible for assisting the Team Manager with the day to day operational management and delivery of the transport service. You will be expected to line manage Transport Officers, who themselves have line management responsibilities for around 40 staff members, and provide support and guidance on a day to day basis. You will take a proactive role in overseeing and/or managing safeguarding and health and safety concerns, and ensure robust service delivery systems are in place and accuracy is maintained. You will deal with stakeholder queries and enquiries, and co-ordinate responses as required.
The Service has a wide range of work streams including those relating to children with additional needs, safeguarding and health and safety, staff management and wellbeing support, finance, procurement and tendering, contract management and monitoring, training, and working closely with stakeholders. As such, your daily workload, and short, medium and long term planning of the service can relate to many different areas of work.
You will have:
- Experience within a large organisation in a management or first line supervisory position.
- Knowledge and/or experience of people management.
- Knowledge and/or experience of Special Educational Needs and Disabilities.
- Experience of managing customer expectations.
- Experience of managing difficult situations whilst working in a demanding, fast paced working environment, and be able to demonstrate resilience in such situations.
- Knowledge and/or experience of implementing safeguarding practices and identifying issues
- Experience of managing a demanding workload
- Knowledge and or experience of financial procedures.
- Proven track record of service delivery to an agreed level of performance and standard
- Team player style of approach, ready to take on any challenge
An enhanced Disclosure & Barring Service check will be required for this job. A conviction may not exclude candidates from appointment but will be considered as part of the recruitment process.
To apply for this job as a secondment you must be a substantive employee of the Council with over 6 months continuous service and have successfully completed your probation period. Applications for secondments will only be accepted if accompanied by a completed Secondment Permission Form, signed by your manager. If you are refused permission to apply for a secondment please contact HR Recruitment to register the refusal.
In order to be shortlisted for this job please demonstrate how you meet the Person Checklist as detailed on the attached Job Profile - this information needs to be inserted under the 'Relevant skills, experience and behaviours' section on the Application Form.


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A few years ago I attended a conference on Biblical Counseling, and what I heard that day has served to shape my approach to helping people toward genuine heart transformation. Over and over throughout the presentations, in the middle of speaking on a variety of issues and how to understand the presenting problems counselees bring, the speaker would pause dramatically and repeat, "But … the problem is NOT the problem; the problem is the heart!" It was like a mantra I couldn't get out of my head. The speaker went on to unpack this simple yet powerful truth that all of our beliefs, attitudes, speech and behavior stem from what is going on in our hearts. Of course he wasn't talking about that fleshy blood-pumping organ that keeps us alive. He was referring to what the Bible recognizes as our seat of emotions, intellect and will … that inner part of us all where we think, reason, feel and make choices.
For days afterwards, I would hear this refrain echo through my mind, "But the problem is NOT the problem; the problem is the heart!" What kind of difficulties are we talking about? These "problems" come in all shapes and sizes: communication issues, conflicts, forgiveness, issues of control, unfulfilled marriages, dashed expectations, loneliness, loss, abuse, sexual brokenness, rebellious children, divorce, depression, shattered dreams, anxiety, financial pressures, etc. In the midst of these problems, we as counselors need to be helping our counselees look at and understand how their hearts are responding if we hope to lead them to love God and others well. It's easy to get caught up in simply putting out fires as isolated issues flame up without getting to the source of what is igniting them. Even when physical issues have genuine biological causes and a counselee is under a physician's care, what's going on in their hearts will determine how they respond to their condition. Can God still enable them to deal with their ailment in ways that will bring Him glory and reflect His character as the image-bearers He created them to be or is their situation an exception? With compassion and sensitivity I need to partner with God in pointing people to walk through their circumstances, challenges and suffering as Christ did and help to bring the truths of the gospel to bear on what their heart is wrestling with and perhaps even resisting. I don't pretend to fully grasp the complexity behind this truth but Scripture certainly bears this out, that what resides in the deep recesses of our hearts is what is most telling. Listen to these various translations on Proverbs 4:23:
"Guard your heart above all else, for it is the source of life." (HCSB)
"Keep your heart with all vigilance, for from it flow the springs of life." (ESV)
"Above all else, guard your heart, for everything you do flows from it." (NIV)
Our hearts are truly the control center from which our actions and attitudes overflow. My heart controls what I say and do. I do what I do because of what I believe, value, desire, choose and say to myself. And what I say to myself, what I pursue and hold dear, is either rooted in God's truth and will lead to my good and His glory or I am deceived by my own sinful desires that will lead to destruction.
Jesus confirms this human dynamic of all our hearts in the New Testament:
"The good person out of the good treasure of his heart produces good, and the evil person out of the evil treasure produces evil, for out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks (Lk. 6:45 ESV)." It's just like show and tell! My words and actions are an accurate indicator of what's in my unseen heart. And that's where God wants to do His greatest work. When the desire of our hearts is changed from pursuing what we want to instead reflect the heart of Christ, our words and behavior will follow.
So this begs the question, "What am I treasuring in my heart? What is it that my heart is worshipping at this moment?" I need to honestly examine my own heart in order to understand what is seeking to rule in place of Christ. Better yet, I need to ask God to search my deceitful heart (Ps. 139:23-24) and reveal what I am treasuring above Him that is robbing me of the peace and joy promised to His followers, even in the midst of a broken and fallen world (Jn. 15:9-11,16:33). Whatever my heart is cherishing and clinging to will be key to what I worship. That's where I need to partner with God, through His Spirit and His Word, to lead counselees into genuine transformation.
So, how can we discover what a heart of worship is directed toward in others and in ourselves? This is not meant to be exhaustive but prayer must come first …persistent, humble communion with an all-knowing God. He who created both our counselees and us, is able to give incredible insight into our own hearts and into the life before us.
Then listen … and listen some more. Do I take time to hear myself? Have I taken inventory of what I said to myself in a recent argument with a spouse, child or co-worker when I was insisting on my own way? What is it I was pushing for that I didn't get? If you really pay attention, what matters most will soon become more evident and what your heart really worships will be exposed.
Lastly, ask good heart-probing questions. "What is it that I want more than God's glory? What do I believe will give me the satisfaction I'm seeking? How do I believe that my way is better than what God has said in His Word? What am I demanding I have a right to? What "need" of mine must be met? What is my heart worshipping right now instead of God?"
Our hearts hold the key to our worship. That's how our Creator made us. Our hearts are what He most desires and treasures. "The purpose in a man's heart is like deep water, but a man of understanding will draw it out (Prov. 20:5)." Lord, help us to know our own hearts well, to choose to worship you with our whole hearts and, by your grace, to be people who are skillful at drawing out the hearts of others and pointing them back to you.
Written by Helen VanSumeren, MA


text: No sales information. Summer from $4,865 /week The Holidays from $4,375 - $9,765 /week Winter from $5,915 /week Prices are based on # of Bedrooms rented [?] View all rates Enjoy a larger house at 1- or 2- BEDROOM rate. Many villas allow renting a fewer number of bedrooms at lower prices Villa Caymanas, also known as GCM VCY, is a 4-bedroom villa in Old Man Bay, located just steps from the sea. This property on the north coast enjoys panoramic sea views through swaying palm trees.This villa features a unique design and ample outdoor space. The modern, oversized windows facing the sea fill the interior rooms with natural light. The living room, dining area, and kitchen open to the second-floor seaside balcony, which spans the full width of the house. The second story windows all open to sea breezes and views. The spacious kitchen features a large preparation island. The living room has a large, flat-screen TV and cushioned couches, while the indoor dining area offers seating for up to 6 guests. The well-equipped exercise room offers a bike, mats, dumbbells, and universal weights. Three of the suites open directly to either the balcony or pool deck. The second level houses 2 bedrooms, each with a king-size bed. The remaining 2 bedrooms can be found on the ground level. These suites with king-size beds feature access to the interior stairs and seafront veranda. A deck with loungers surrounds the large swimming pool. Located nearby is a covered terrace housing an outdoor living and dining area. A sandy area leads to the pebbly beach and sea with excellent snorkeling areas. The property is located directly in front of a top dive site known as Babylon. This non-smoking property also comes with an office, beach towels, ceiling fans, air-conditioning, WiFi, a gas grill, an outdoor shower, a washer and dryer, and 2 glass-bottomed sea kayaks. **Note - Villa maid service is at an additional charge and should be arranged in advance of travel The 10% service charge provides Silver Thatch Guest Membership:• Centralized on-island guest services & welcome center • Unlimited use of Silver Thatch fitness center (18+ yrs.) • Business Center Access: computers, printer & Fedex/DHL supplies • Proprietary Silver Thatch Guest Discount Card • Jacques Scott Wine & Spirits pre-order and hold for check-in • Referral to preferred vendors and reservation assistance • Complimentary snorkel gear, pack-n-plays, booster seats and baby gates for check out


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Nylon: Ella Purnell
"I always feel like sugar cubes aren't big enough," says Ella Purnell, dropping another square into her coffee, dispelling any notion that she is an archetypal Hollywood starlet. Further proof: The night before, a special delivery landed the 19-year-old Brit with seven pints of Ben & Jerry's, one of which she's already polished off. As if her unregulated eating habits aren't proof enough of her down-to-earth demeanor, when I ask how often she visits Los Angeles, she says once a year is enough. "I'm quite easily influenced," she says. "Twenty-four hours too long and suddenly I'm in a yoga class with a smoothie and a dog in my handbag." She wrinkles her nose and laughs. "I love London too much and I'd miss my friends. Also, I can't actually drive."
This is Purnell in a nutshell: charmingly scatterbrained, enthusiastic and curious, talking animatedly about everything from filmmaking and the agony of wearing high heels to reincarnation and learning to play the saxophone. On the back of successful roles in Intruders (2011), Kick-Ass 2 (2013), and Malefecent (2014), she's become something of a teen idol, amassing close to 30,000 followers on Instagram who live and breathe all things Ella. There's a name for them, too—the Purnellephants. "They're so lovely, I feel like they're my mates!" she says of her fans. "I didn't really have idols growing up, but some of my friends were huge fangirls. People just dismiss it, but it's really important to have someone to look up to, so I try to interact as much as I can. A little like can make someone's day, and I'm happy to do it." She's quick to clarify, though, that she's not shy about blocking bullies and haters. "Social media can be so damaging," she says.


text:
Pausing to Prepare/
My best Christmas ever was the year I received a jewel-toned green bicycle with a light. It was a thing of beauty and provided me with freedom to travel hither and yon. But getting EXACTLY what I wanted wasn't enough to keep me from feeling the post-Christmas slump.
After the holiday havoc is under control at your place, can you find some time to sit still and reckon with what you need (as opposed to what you want)?
These next few days can be crucial times of contemplation and preparation for 2018.
People who study these things tell us that contemplation is an essential prerequisite to execution of a desired lifestyle change.
Today, may you find time for the pause.


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First FO of 2008 and Happy New Year!
Pattern: Roman Earflap Hat, by Mintyfresh
Yarn: Debbie Bliss Merino DK, pink
Needles: US size 5 16" circ, and US size 5 dpns
After dragging my feet on this project for way to long thanks to the holiday knitting, I picked it back up yesterday and finished (I only had one earflap and the pom poms left to finish). Just in time since I awoke to a bit of a snowstorm...
Looking back at 2007, it's hard to believe what a year I've had. So many changes!
In 2007, I:
graduated from law school
passed the bar exam
started my first "real job"
started adult-ish things like a 401(k)
fell in love
moved to Pittsburgh
moved in with aformentioned love
traveled to: Detroit, Las Vegas, Ft Lauderdale, [Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Grand Cayman - on the cruise], Boston, and Chicago
was a bridesmaid in my best friend from High School's wedding
Knitting-wise, 2007 was a pretty big learning year. For the first time, I:
knit lace
took a knitting class
knit with beads
did the kitchner stitch
joined some bandwagons: Chevron Scarves and a Clapotis
knit a hat (then proceeded to knit many many more hats)
Like most, I have many goals for 2008.
(1) give up the snooze button (probably my worst habit)
(2) get back into shape/loose the weight that snuck up on me/stop wasting my gym membership. As soon as I figure out how to add something to the template to calculate miles run/walked this year, look for it in the sidebar.
(3) knit colorwork


text:
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text:
We are now being told that we have to file a request for the Notice of Violation under the public records act. Why it has taken this long to tell us this was not included in the note.
Amazing that a state senator office or the chairman of the Board of Selectman could not secure this or tell us in the past few weeks.


text:
Sophie joined us in November 2018 as a Bid Writer. Originally from Buckinghamshire, Sophie moved up North to Sheffield for University, and has stayed for almost a decade.
Hey there, Sophie! First question: what is your full name?
Sophie Josephine Burton
Are there any causes that you're passionate about?
I'm a member of Good Gym! Good Gym is an organisation that combines exercise and helping the local community. The group goes running and stops off along the way to complete physical tasks, supporting community organisations and projects as well as isolated older people.
If you could be anybody for a day, who would you be and why?
At the minute, it would be Olivia Colman. She is always cool, calm and collected, and really knows what she's doing. She's very genuine and never comes across as fake, which I think is really important when you're in the public eye.
If you were an animal what would you be and why?
Maybe a tiger? I think they're pretty cool and quite majestic.
Moving on to travel: do you have a favourite holiday destination?
I recently travelled to Iceland, which was like visiting another planet! There were so many amazing aspects – the snow, the northern lights and of course the mountains, which were a bit of a key feature.
What is your favourite UK city?
I'll have to say London. I love all the culture and arts - the theatre and all the cool museums you can visit.
Do you like cheese?
I do like cheese, yes!
Fantastic news! What is your favourite type of cheese?
Maybe a good Wensleydale with Cranberries.
Very solid choice. Now for the Pub Quiz question: can you tell us which performer has received criticism following their USA Super Bowl Half-Time show on Sunday?
I have no idea!
It was Maroon 5! Maybe next time. To finish off, could you tell us an interesting fact about yourself?
I was actually born in America! I moved to the UK when I was about 2 ½.


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Recreation Programs and Activities
Welcome to the Recreation Programs and Activities page. The City of Helena is excited to offer families and individuals a wide variety of choices for outdoor fun! Helena's cold winters allow us to ice skate, cross country and downhill ski. In the summer we play in the parks, swim under the sun, put golf balls down the greens, and volley tennis balls on the court. Please take some time to explore the links below for more details; you're bound to find something interesting to do. Enjoy!
For more information you can also like us on Facebook at Helena Parks and Recreation!
Youth Archery
Online Registration
In partnership with Montana WILD, we offer FREE archery shoot and instruction for youth ages 10-18 during summer months. Bows and arrows are provided and no outside equipment is allowed.
Participants must wear closed toed shoes and a parent or guardian must be present for the duration of the class.
When: Check the online registration for program dates.
Where: Montana WILD at 2668 Broadwater Ave. Helena, MT
Join the local bicycle club or ride alone with family and friends on one of the many trails in Helena. Helena is a Silver Level Ride Center as recognized by the International Mountain Biking Association.
Check out our community partner Bike Helena's webpage for trail maps, suggested rides, and all things biking.
Visit Bike Walk Helena's website to learn more about existing cycling and pedestrian infrastructure and community efforts to make the city more bike-friendly.
Kay's Kids: Free Youth Summer Recreation Program
Online Registration
The City of Helena partners with the Kay McKenna Youth Foundation to offer a FREE summer recreation program for kids between the ages of 6-11.
Registration is required for all participants in the program. Parents may register their children online, and we will have options for in person registration. Registration opens May 1, 2019.
To view program dates please look at our online registration.
Feed N' Fun
All THREE Kay's Kids sites will be participating in the Feed'N'Fun program providing free lunches to local youth!
Barney Park Shelter 1950 Cleveland
Lincoln Park Warming House 1800 N Roberts
Memorial Park Warming House 1105 Last Chance Gulch
Memorial Park Warming House and Ice Rink
No post season party rentals at this time due to sewer issue.
Hours of operation:
Thursday: 4-8pm
Friday: 4-8pm
Saturday: 11am-8pm
Sunday: 12-6pm
Daily Admission Fees:
(skate rental included with admission)
Ages 0-5: Free!
Ages 6-17: $1.00
Ages 18+: $1.50
Come Play Broomball
Every Friday night pick games for all ages from 7-8 pm.
It's like hockey but without ice skates! Wear your tennis shoes, dress warm, and join us for a pick up game!
Hosting a party?
Currently the warming house is not available for rental as there is a sewer issue that cannot be fixed until warmer weather. Sorry for the inconvenience.
We have limited skate rentals, particularly larger sizes.
We close as needed due to poor ice conditions. Call the ice-line 443-8774 or check Facebook for current conditions.
If the west gate is unlocked, the ice is available for public use, but if it's locked, the rink is closed for maintenance so please stay off the ice.
Unattended Ice Rinks
Unattended ice rinks are located at Cunningham Park and Lincoln Park. Both rinks are open from dawn to dusk only. You must bring all of your own gear (none is provided at these two sites), and SHARE the ice with other skaters.
These two rinks are flooded in the mornings (weather permitting), so please avoid using the ice while it is freezing - this will allow the ice to be in great condition for everyone.
|Cunningham Park
|1234 Floweree St
|Lincoln Park
|1800 N Roberts St
Canyon Ferry
Canyon Ferry has become one of Montana's foremost recreation areas because of its proximity to Helena, Great Falls and Butte. The reservoir covers 25 miles and there are 24 Bureau of Reclamation maintained recreation sites around the reservoir. There is east access to the reservoir from US Highway 12 east of Helena or just north of Townsend.
Hauser Lake
Hauser Lake is a 3,200 acre reservoir on the Missouri River created by Hauser Dam. The lake yields Kokanee Salmon; for which it holds the state record, rainbow and brown trout, walleye and perch. It is an extremely popular take-off point for weekend boating, fishing, and water skiing. There are two scenic public campgrounds on Hauser Lake, White Sandy and a few yards further Black Sandy State Park.
Holter Lake
Holter Lake is located in west central Montana near Helena. There are well maintained campgrounds available. It is in an open, grassy area near the shore of Holter Lake surrounded by sparsely wooded hills, There is a prairie dog town just down the road and food service within close proximity of these BLM sites.
Lake Helena
Lake Helena is open to day-use, walk-in access yearlong and the following restrictions are to help minimize disturbance to winter resting waterfowl, spring/summer nesting, brood-rearing and molting of waterfowl and shorebirds. The road from the kiosk to the lake (approximately 80 meters) is open for hand-launching of boats from September 1 to the end of waterfowl season (usually the middle of January.) All vehicles MUST park at the kiosk parking lot. Pets MUST be on a leash or under complete voice control at all times.
Park Lake
Park Lake Campground and Park Lake Fishing Access are actually two sites located on the same lake in the Helena National Forest in southwest Montana. At an elevation of 6500 feet, the site encompasses 10 acres. Park Lake Campground sits back slightly from the 3 1/2 acre alpine lake in a lodge pole timber forest. There is boating access but no boats with motors are allowed on the lake. The boat launch is carry-in. Fishing is permitted on the lake. Hiking may also be enjoyed in this scenic area.
Spring Meadow Lake
This urban, day-use-only park minutes from Helena fed by natural springs, is a popular spot for family afternoons of swimming, sunbathing, scuba diving, fishing, bird watching, and pure play. When you tire of the beach, walk the park's easy nature trail that circles the lake, home to a wide variety of birds and other wildlife. In winter, you can still stroll along the trail and, if it's cold enough, ice-skate on the lake.
Last Chance Splash Waterpark & Pool
Located at Memorial Park, 1203 North Last Chance Gulch.
The pool and waterpark is open from mid June - late August.
Please visit the pool's website for additional details and check Facebook for updates during the summer.
Swim Lessons
Online Registration
Class times and descriptions are available on the registration page.
Exercise Classes & Activites
Visit the pool's Exercise web page for a schedule and additional information.
Outdoor open play available at Barney Park during the summer.
Check the Helena Pickle Club's website for more details.
Located at Centennial Park, 1200 N Last Chance Gulch.
Skate a 10,000-square-foot, Alltec-designed skate park that features quarter pipe corners with flat bank hips, two different gaps with ledges, a pyramid with a square tube rail, and five benches. One of the benches has a curved edge, one is sloping, another has a step at the top, and yet another has a rail that is two feet high. Use of the park is free to everyone.
Youth & Adult Tennis Lessons
Online Registration
Summer classes are taught by USPTA Pros Tom Banks and Kevin Eby.
Tom has over 50 years of tennis experience, and Kevin has coached men's and women's tennis at the collegiate level and played in professional satellite events.
Where:Civic Center tennis courts (Bill Scribner Courts)
When: Check the online registration for program dates.
Class descriptions & fees are also available on the registration page.
Parks with Tennis Courts
|Barney Park
|4 courts - lined for pickleball
|Civic Center Park
|4 courts
|Lockey Park
|4 courts
|Mountain View Park
|1 court
Courts are available for online reservation.
You can hike in the city on one of the well-marked trails on Mount Helena or Mount Ascension.
Feeling more adventurous? Hike one of the 1,000 miles of trails in the Helena National Forest.
Yoga in the Park
In partnership with Free Range Yoga Project, Parks & Rec hosts outdoor yoga in the parks and on the trails.
Check out Free Range Yoga Project's events for a full listing of free and affordable yoga classes.


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Sebi proposes 50-90% hike in salaries for all employees4 min read . Updated: 31 Oct 2010, 09:45 PM IST
Sebi proposes 50-90% hike in salaries for all employees
Sebi proposes 50-90% hike in salaries for all employees
Mumbai: In a Diwali bonanza, India's capital market regulator has proposed to extend a pay hike to all its staff that will almost double the salaries of some employees, with retrospective effect from 1 November 2007.
It's the first pay hike by the Securities and Exchange Board of India, or Sebi, in five years. The raise would be offered to all the employees up to the level of chief general manager. The additional payout by Sebi is estimated to cost at least Rs14.46 crore per year.
Also See | Money matters (Graphic)
The salaries of incumbent grade F officers, who include chief general managers and legal advisers, would be increased to Rs1,12,333 per month under the revised structure from Rs58,498 per month—a hike of 92% . Managers at lower levels, between grade A and grade E, will earn pay raises ranging between 52% and 72%.
Clerical staff, including secretaries, accounts assistants and library assistants, will be offered a hike of at least 52% with their monthly pay going up to Rs35,313. In addition, the employees will continue to get housing and medical allowances and other benefits separately.
"Sebi continues to hire a number of talented officers at both junior and middle levels currently. The selection process is stringent and often the candidates come from the country's best law schools and institutions such as the Indian Institutes of Management. We ensure that they are offered the best possible salaries," said a Sebi official on condition of anonymity.
The pay hike followed a board meeting on 25 October.
As of 31 March, Sebi had a total of 607 employees in various grades—493 officers and 114 secretaries and other staff. During 2009-10, two executive directors on a contract basis and one officer of the rank of deputy legal adviser joined the regulator.
The housing allowance offered by Sebi amounts to a considerable sum of up to Rs25,000 for entry level managers at the current scale. This has made Sebi's package attractive and "has helped Sebi retain many entry level managers", according a junior Sebi employee who didn't want to be named.
The pay hikes come at a time when the private-sector job market has become attractive. People with experience in Sebi are an asset for any firm, say human resources experts.
"The rule of thumb is double the salary," says Kris Lakshmikanth, managing director, The Head Hunters India Pvt. Ltd. "Companies take compliance very seriously. They are happy to have a person with a prior experience at Sebi. At present, we are finalizing a senior level appointment for a private sector firm at a package of Rs1 crore per annum for one of the Sebi officers."
A sizeable number of Sebi employees are those who have moved from various departments of the government.
"These people like stability of the Sebi job. They may not be able to handle the high- pressure private sector job. Majority of these employees will be happy with the pay hikes," Lakshmikanth says.
But the hikes may not be enough to hold back some young and ambitious employees. In 2008, when the world markets went into a tailspin and private sector jobs dried up, a number of fresh graduates were hired by Sebi. The salary hike may not mean much for these people, who may be looking for greener pastures.
Some others who joined Sebi in the past few years took up a job with it for strategic reasons—to gain experience at the regulator. These people will likely go back to the private sector.
"Also, there are some fast-growing, hardworking people. Salary hikes may not stop them from considering better opportunities elsewhere," says Lakshmikanth.
The latest Sebi annual report says that five officers from the market regulator were deputed to the Competition Commission of India and one officer to the Financial Action Task Force, or FATF, cell in the ministry of finance.
During 2009-10, 46 officers were recruited, of which 12 were hired in the legal stream, and the rest in the general stream. They joined directly as officers in grade B during 2009-10. Salaries in grade B would be hiked by 52.88% to Rs42,997 per month under the revised structure.
During the fiscal year 2010, staff entitlements under various heads such as medical reimbursement, briefcase reimbursement, and telephone charges' reimbursement were enhanced. Benefits such as health check-ups for employees and their spouses were also introduced.
The capital market regulator in 1999 approved a pay scales modelled on that of the Reserve Bank of India, or RBI. Subsequently, pay revisions were implemented at Sebi in 1995, 2001 and 2005.
RBI revised the pay scales and allowances of its staff members in grades A to F in September. The central bank had separately introduced a special allowance and central banking allowance for its employees in November 2005 and January 2007, respectively.
Sebi has proposed to offer similar hikes for its staff members with prospective effect.
Graphic by Paras Jain/Mint


text: Hear from other families Read below to find stories from families and their children and young people accessing our services. We are always looking for new stories to illustrate our services and the impact they have on families across East Anglia. If you'd like to share your story please get in touch with Michael Jarvis in our Marketing and Communications Team on email@example.com. The Morris Family's Story "When I talk about losing Aneira I feel like I'm telling a story that, maybe, I've seen in a film. ... Read more Lucy J's Story "Our princess Lucy gained her wings and Heaven gained the strongest angel. We cannot thank EACH enough for everything they ... Read more Rupert's story Being a parent, all we want to do is protect our children and tell them everything will be OK. I ... Read more Ava's Story I've been seeing a counsellor from EACH for the past couple of years", said Carly. It's really been an absolute ... Read more Abbie's story Abbie needs 24-hour care and so the support we get from EACH means so much... Read more William G's Story "EACH has helped in so many ways, from providing the welcoming space of The Treehouse for William to visit, to ... Read more Michael's Story "The fact we can leave Michael with people trained and competent to look after him is most beneficial" Read more William C's Story EACH feels like a big safety net to me... Read more Effie's Story EACH is a lifeline to parents going through the worst possible journey... Read more Amy's Story Amy accessed care and support from EACH at Quidenham. She had a brain tumour, and died in 2017, aged six...... Read more Henry's Story EACH has made us all feel part of an extended family... Read more Daisy's Story Daisy struggled with journeys in the car and travelling to Quidenham. Daisy will be able to visit the nook as ... Read more Jake's Story We'd hate to think what it would have been like without them... Read more Ben's Story EACH gives us hope that there are other people there you can talk to and people that want to help... Read more Claire's Story It doesn't go away and it doesn't get better. But you really will be OK... Read more Euan's Story When we visit The Treehouse, it feels like we are just a normal family like everyone else... Read more Ollie's Story We really enjoy meeting other families and being able to talk through what life is like for us all... Read more Isabella's Story This kind of thing could happen to anyone and you never know if you will need the unique service given ... Read more Finnbar's Story Sadly, as fantastic as it is, their service will always be required, and every child that needs their help deserves ... Read more Bethany's Story We can't put into words how much of a difference EACH makes to our family... Read more 12


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Simple tips to Write an Argumentative Paper: discover the actual Structure and Technique From Professional Writers That'll Explain Everything In Detail!
Composing an argumentative essay means you have to convince your reader to simply accept your opinions, you need certainly to support those ideas with concrete evidence that is research-based. Read more


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According to statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2,597 people were killed in United States traffic accidents in December 2010. Of those, 775 deaths involved alcohol-impaired drivers.
Georgia's Driving Under the Influence Laws are complex. Georgia DUI injury attorney Shane Smith can sort through the intermingled laws that potentially create complications in a DUI case.
A Georgia man was recently killed when he lost control and flipped his truck. Police reports indicate that the man crossed the center line and crossed the road, flipping the truck when it struck the curb on the other side. Investigators found alcohol bottles at the accident scene and believe the driver had been drinking while driving.
Accident data indicate that single car accidents generally involve younger male drivers and are often linked to drowsy or alcohol-impaired driving. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), alcohol-related auto accidents cause 32 fatalities on average each day. Recent studies indicate that over 30 percent of DUI fatalities involve single car accidents.
If you have questions about Georgia DUI laws, get the answers in Clayton County DUI injury attorney Shane Smith's book, I Was Hit By a Drunk Driver: What Do I Do Next? Contact the Law Offices of Shane Smith to schedule a free legal consultation.


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The words "Supersonic," "UFO," and "Tic Tac" have probably never before been used in the same sentence. But according to the Pentagon, a supersonic UFO shaped like a Tic Tac stalked a U.S. aircraft carrier for days back in 2004, bringing these random words together in a strange but cohesive way!
In an alleged, leaked report written by the Pentagon, an "Anomalous Aerial Vehicle (AAV)" was seen on the radar of the USS Princeton, a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser, on multiple occasions, over several days. The report claims the anomalous object could hover in midair, make itself invisible, and move so fast that the USS Princeton crew originally thought they were encountering a ballistic missile.
The unidentified craft was described as "solid white, smooth, with no edges... uniformly colored with no nacelles, pylons or wings", and looked like "an elongated egg or Tic Tac." Based on its physical description and its aerial behavior, the AAV matches "no known aircraft or air vehicle currently in the inventory of the United States or any foreign nation."
So... to whom does this mysterious Tic Tac ship belong - and why are we only learning about it 14 years later?


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Send us your Clarendon Hills photos:
Clarendon Hills is a village in DuPage County, in the Chicago metro area.
The latitude of Clarendon Hills is 41.797N. The longitude is -87.954W.It is in the Central Standard time zone. Elevation is 728 feet.
The estimated population, in 2003, was 8,235.
Sections below provide additional information and links about Clarendon Hills demographics, travel and tourism, nearby airports, cemeteries, the DuPage County economy, education, environment, genealogy, government, historic sites, Chicago area jobs, libraries, maps, museums, newspapers and other media, nonprofit groups, real estate, recreation, religion, transportation, and weather in the 60514 ZIP code.
21% of Clarendon Hills residents report German ancestry, and 17% report Irish. For more info on local ancestry groups, see the Clarendon Hills ancestry & family history guide.
Post a query on a message board:
Records & databases:
At the time of the 2000 census, the per capita income in Clarendon Hills was $41,859, compared with $21,587 nationally.
65% of Clarendon Hills residents age 25 and older have a bachelor's or advanced college degree.
Median rent in Clarendon Hills, at the time of the 2000 Census, was $688. Monthly homeowner costs, for people with mortgages, were $1,916.
Libraries in Clarendon Hills include Clarendon Hills Public Library ... View libraries
Newspapers in Clarendon Hills include Clarendon Hills Doings
DuPage County supported George W. Bush in the 2004 presidential election. For more information, see our Clarendon Hills political report.
The average commute time for Clarendon Hills workers is 29 minutes, compared with 26 minutes nationwide.
Browse list of Illinois community profiles
More info about Clarendon Hills:
Send us your corrections and additions
Search Associate's degrees, Bachelor's degrees, Master's degrees, Certificate programs, Diploma programs, and many others.
Enter your ZIP or Postal code to find schools near you. Your dream major may be just around the corner!


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We just returned from KEY WEST, FLORIDA! This little island was perfect for a few days of exploring, relaxing, walking, riding bikes, eating and drinking and soaking up the sun & culture. Roosters wake you in the morning and freely roam the streets, cruise ships from all over the world embark on a day of fun, street performers, drag queens, snowbirds…a melting pot of cultures embracing the laid back culture of the island. I hope you enjoy my pictures and get a feel for KW!
Key West, Florida | Travel Photography | St. Louis Photographer
in Travel


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Can you imagine Adele on the verse over Beyonce?
Eminem's long-awaited Revival is finally here and we're sure many of you have had a full listen to the tape that features Ed Sheeran, Kehlani, Alicia Keys and more. One song in particular, "Walk On Water" featuring Beyonce, apparently had a different vision.
Slim Shady's longtime producer Denaun Porter recently chatted with ThisIs50 where he revealed that Beyonce's hook was originally reserved for Adele.
"I think some things happened with her with her voice, and she couldn't do it," he explains. "So it was a thing where we tried that, but then it got to them using Beyoncé. My mind was already there. There's only a couple people that could pull that off."
Not too long ago 2 Chainz posted an Instagram picture seemingly frustrated that he got cut from the final tracklist for Eminem's latest album. The track "Chloraseptic" featuring Phresher, apparently saw 2 Chainz spit a verse for it, but when it came down to the final cut "the hook didn't turn out the way" they planned.
"What happens is, when Em gets locked into a song a certain way, I try not to touch that. I try not to fuck with that... Originally, I wanted to put 2 Chainz on the song. That was my idea... We had 2 Chainz come out, and he was working on the hook. The hook didn't turn out the way we wanted it, but the verse was incredible. But the song kind of leads up to another song, so we didn't want to change the verses that was on the original version. So we did have Phresher do the hook."
As we suspected and as Denaun confirms, "there's another version of the song, and 2 Chainz is on that version." Listen to the full interview below.


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We support preservation, restoration, and enhancement of the Cache Creek watershed.
The interpretative signs are part of a grant-funded project to enhance Capay Open Space Park, 15603 County Road 85, Esparto. The 41-acre park was donated to the County in 2004 by Granite Construction, and provides direct access to lower Cache Creek. The park has more than two miles of walking trails, a paved parking lot, three shade structures, picnic tables, restrooms, an ADA access ramp to the creek, and plenty of benches. The interpretative signs, once finished, will be installed at the kiosk.
Capay Open Space Park contains four major habitat types: bottomland floodplain, riparian woodland, riparian scrub, and oak savanna grassland. A park host resides on the property.
For more information about this project, please contact us.


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Fraud Alleged in George Inness Art Sale
MANHATTAN (CN) – An art dealer claims that Berry-Hill Galleries sold or traded consigned paintings without handing over the money, and sold it a counterfeit painting George Inness painting for $190,000 and refused its demand for a refund.
624 Art Holdings sued Berry-Hill Galleries, its owners James and Frederick Hill, and R.H. Bluestein & Co. in New York County Court. Art Holdings claims that Bluestein bought one of the paintings without clearing the title.
Art Holdings says that under a 2004 agreement, Berry-Hill was to "oversee and administer the acquisition, display, preservation and sale" of its artwork. "The agreement covered paintings already within the plaintiff's collection and others which Berry-Hill would come to procure on its behalf."
Among the paintings covered by the agreement were George Bellows – Jersey Woods; George lnness – Approaching Storm; Worthington Whittredge – Beach Scene, Newport; Charles Sheeler – Meta-Mold; and Edmund Tarbell – Mrs. Tarbell at Evening, according to the complaint.
Art Holdings says that under the agreement, if Berry-Hill wished to transfer a painting, the receiver had to acknowledge that the painting belonged solely to Art Holdings. If Berry-Hill sold one of Art Holding's pieces, the title "was to pass only from AHL directly to the buyer," and all proceeds must be paid directly to Art Holdings, according to the complaint.
Art Holdings says that when it showed up at Berry-Hill to retrieve one of its pieces early last year, it found that the works by Sheeler, Whittredge and Tarbell were not there.
Art Holdings says it learned that Berry-Hill had sold the Whittredge painting to Michigan gallery R.H. Bluestein, which "took custody of the painting without having obtained genuine title or other truthful incidence of ownership to it."
Berry-Hill had given the Scheeler work to someone in exchange for another painting and cash, Art Holdings says.
Berry-Hill had traded the Tarbell painting for "a painting of far less face value," and pocketed cash paid for the difference, Art Holdings claims.
And it claims that Berry-Hill did not pay it any money for the sale or exchange of its pieces.
Art Holdings adds that it discovered in 2010 that the Inness painting that James and Frederick Hill had sold it for $190,000 had been appraised by Sotheby's as a counterfeit.
Art Holdings claims the defendants have ignored its demands for the return of the Sheeler work, and for the money it paid for the allegedly counterfeit Inness.
Art Holdings wants its paintings back and more than $2.1 million and punitive damages for breach of contract, conversion, tortious interference and fraud.
Art Holdings is represented by Sam Israel.


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If you're anything like us here at MP! you devoured 'Winter', the final book in Marissa Meyer's 'Lunar Chronicles' series, more quickly than you should have been able to read an 800-page novel. But now it's over, we're a bit bereft at not having Cinder, Iko, Kai and the rest of the gang to spend time with. Never fear: Marissa Meyer is writing two graphic novels set after the events of 'Winter'!
Macmillan have teamed Marissa up with artist Douglas Holgate and the first graphic novel is set to be released next January. It's called 'Wires and Nerve' and features Iko, Cinder, Cress, Scarlet, Wolf and Winter.
"Writing graphic novels has been on my ultimate writing dream list since I was a teenager," Meyer tells The Post's Comic Riffs, "and I'm so thrilled to be able to make the dream a reality, while also expanding on the story of 'The Lunar Chronicles.'"
"I used to spend hours hunting down English translations online for some of my favorites — or when a translation couldn't be found, analyzing every detail of the artwork to try to piece the story together in my own imagination," Meyer tells Washington Post. "To this day, comics and graphic novels are one of my favorite forms of storytelling, and I can't wait for readers to experience the world of the Lunar Chronicles in such a wonderfully visual format."
Are you as excited about 'Wires and Nerve' as we are? Flail with us @maximumpopbooks!
- Fancy a sneak peek at Marianne Levy's 'Accidental Superstar'? You're going to love it!
- YA romance favourite, Huntley Fizpatrick, names her top 10
swooniest moments in fiction – incl. 10 Things I Hate About You!
- Goodman VS. Austen – can you tell the difference between Austen's 'Persuasion' and Goodman's brand new fantasy historical novel
- We chat to 'Year of the Rat' author, Clare Furniss, about her brand new book, 'How Not To Disappear' – plus where to get your writing inspo from
- What is Twitter saying about Eric Lindstrom's 'Not If I See You First'?
- 3 reasons we're totally in love with the new 'Divergent' covers
- Looking for something swoon-y to read/watch? Cat Doyle counts down her top 10 romance scenes
- Happiest reads around – pick your next book with Honor and Perdita Cargill, authors of 'Waiting For Callback'


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I am very excited to be taking part in the exhibition 'Secret Lives' held at Beaux Arts in Bath.
The exhibition features many brilliant artists and I am proud to be amongst them. I will show my new painting 'The Lying-in Room', a painting inspired by the Tudor custom for pregnant women and new mothers to shut themselves away in dark, warm rooms to prepare for the birth of their baby. This large painting features a pregnant friend who is now the proud mother of a beautiful daughter. My small lace paintings 'Brabant Lace' and 'Lace in Box' will also be on show. If you are coming to see a particular painting please do get in touch to double check it is on show.
The show opens with a Private View on 11 October 6-8pm - you are invited!
Secret Lives
Group Exhibition
Jennifer Anderson, Akash Bhatt, Joy Wolfenden Brown, Andrew Crocker, Tessa Farmer, Nathan Ford, Naomi Frears, Sarah Gillespie, Raoof Haghighi, Donna McLean, Jennifer McRae, Sophie Ploeg, Anthony Scullion,Helen Simmonds, Jason Walker
Beaux Arts Bath
12-13 York Street
13 October - 8 November 2014
Private View Saturday 11 October 6-8pm
|The Lying-in Room, oil on canvas, 92x92cm/36x36"