text:
Production monitoring and control system having organizational structure-based presentation layer
A human-machine interface generation system comprises a reception component that receives a request to generate a human-machine interface relating to at least one of an industrial system, device, process, and sub-process and parameters associated with an initiator of the request. A view generation component generates the human-machine interface based at least in part upon the request and the parameters. For example, the system can further comprise a query generation component that creates a query based at least in part upon the request and the parameters and utilizes the query to extract data from a server within an industrial automation environment.
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The subject invention relates to industrial control systems and, more particularly, to human-machine interfaces (HMIs).BACKGROUND
Due to advances in computing technology, businesses today are able to operate more efficiently when compared to substantially similar businesses only a few years ago. For example, internal networking enables employees of a company to communicate instantaneously by email, quickly transfer data files to disparate employees, manipulate data files, share data relevant to a project to reduce duplications in work product, etc. Furthermore, advancements in technology have enabled factory applications to become partially or completely automated. For instance, operations that once required workers to put themselves proximate to heavy machinery and other various hazardous conditions can now be completed at a safe distance therefrom.
Further, imperfections associated with human action have been minimized through employment of highly precise machines. Many of these factory devices supply data related to manufacturing to databases or web services referencing databases that are accessible by system/process/project managers on a factory floor. For instance, sensors and associated software can detect a number of instances that a particular machine has completed an operation given a defined amount of time. Further, data from sensors can be delivered to a processing unit related to system alarms. Thus, a factory automation system can review collected data and automatically and/or semi-automatically schedule maintenance of a device, replacement of a device, and other various procedures that relate to automating a process.
To quickly and easily effectuate control of a system or process within industrial automation environments, equipment manufacturers typically create specialized human-machine interfaces (HMIs) that are employed by operators to deliver commands to industrial systems/processes and/or receive data from industrial systems/processes. In other words, HMIs provide an essential communication link between operators and automation devices, wherein such HMIs enable operators to, among other things, implement and control devices and receive feedback by monitoring device status and health during operation. Without these interfaces, high-level industrial automation would be difficult if not impossible to achieve.
Over time, HMIs have undergone several and drastic changes. For instance, a push-button that commissions and de-commissions a machine is a simplest form of a HMI, and these interfaces have been existent for several years. Terminals were later designed that displayed text messages to end users, wherein such messages are indicative of a process performed by a server or processor associated with an automation device. For example, a failed device can generate an internal error code representing a determined error which can then be matched with a particular error message. This message can thereafter be displayed to an operator on a display device. Development of client-side processing has enabled graphical depictions of status and control commands to operators, which has shifted a burden from an automated device or associated processor to a client-side graphical user interface. These graphical user interfaces improve an ability of users to access information quickly and easily.
Designers typically generate an HMI for particular devices or programs. Therefore, if an operator wishes to review a particular HMI, they request such HMI from a server and a client device utilized by the operator is provided with the HMI. This HMI is then populated with existing control data. If the operator wishes to view a disparate HMI, such operator can request it from the server. These HMIs are static in that they do not alter with a user or changing conditions within a plant. For example, a first user will be provided with an identical HMI as a second user for a particular device, system, process, and/or sub-process.SUMMARY
The following presents a simplified summary of the claimed subject matter in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects described herein. This summary is not an extensive overview, and is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
Described herein are systems and methodologies for generating robust and customized human-machine interfaces. An individual associated with an industrial automation environment can provide a request for generation of a human-machine interface (HMI), and an identity of such provider can be determined. For example, the identity can be determined through logon procedures, through voice analysis, or any other suitable manner for determining a user identity. Based upon such user identity and the device associated with the user, various other parameters can be ascertained. For instance, user role, location of a device for which an HMI is desirable generated, access privileges, user preferences, time of request, and the like can be determined when the user's identity is determined. Based at least in part upon the user identity and the above-described parameters, a robust and customized HMI can be generated.
For example, a server or other suitable device can include and support an organizational data model, wherein such model is uniform throughout an enterprise. For example, the data model can be hierarchical in nature, and can include units that are representations of particular portions of a factory. Thus, the request to generate an HMI can relate to one of such units. Utilizing such organizational model, generation of the robust, customized HMI is possible. In another example, rather than effectuating a robust data model throughout an enterprise, associations can be manually generated by an IT individual. For example, data associated with particular users can be generated and maintained in a server that is utilized for creation of HMIs.
In another example, if the organizational model is utilized, systems and methods for converting data from a flat data structure to data that conforms to the organizational model are disclosed. For example, templates associated with legacy devices and/or third-party devices can be employed to map data from a first format to data that conforms to the aforementioned model (which can be hierarchical in nature). Moreover, bridging is described herein, where data that conforms to a first industrial protocol can be translated to conform to a second industrial protocol. Thus, data can be collected and retained from multiple devices across multiple networks.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, certain illustrative aspects are described herein in connection with the following description and the annexed drawings. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the claimed subject matter can be employed, and such matter is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and novel features will become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The claimed subject matter is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. It may be evident, however, that such matter can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing the invention.
As used in this application, the terms "component" and "system" and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an instance, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computer and the computer can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers.
Furthermore, the claimed subject matter may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the disclosed subject matter. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media. For example, computer readable media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips . . . ), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD) . . . ), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive . . . ). Additionally it should be appreciated that a carrier wave can be employed to carry computer-readable electronic data such as those used in transmitting and receiving electronic mail or in accessing a network such as the Internet or a local area network (LAN). Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the claimed subject matter. Moreover, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs.
Turning now to the drawings,
The reception component 102 is communicatively coupled to a view generation component 104 that generates a robust and customized HMI 106 based at least in part upon the specified device, system, process, and/or sub-process provided in the request for the HMI 106 and the user parameters. Thus, for example, an HMI generated by the view generation component 104 for a first user can differ from an HMI generated by the view generation component 104 for a second user. In another example, due to capabilities inherent with particular display devices (e.g., screen size, resolution, color capabilities, processing capabilities, . . . ), the HMI 106 can be disparate for a same user on separate devices.
To enable such robust and customized generation of the HMI 106, the view generation component 104 can access a data store that includes various associations depending upon the system, device, process, and/or sub-process, as well as user parameters, and the view generation component 104 can sequentially filter data based upon at least in part upon such parameters and selected industrial entity. In more detail, the view generation component 106 can create a subset of data for a specified device. This subset can then be filtered based upon user identity (e.g., for security purposes), and thereafter filtered based upon user role, and then filtered based upon user preferences, etc. Thus continuously filtered subsets of data can be created by the view generation component 104, and a final portion of such data can be employed to generate the HMI 106. Moreover, the view generation component 104 can create necessary communications connections to facilitate control of a system, device, process, and/or sub-process through utilization of the HMI 106.
Referring now to
For example, the server 206 can include data relating to a control process that conforms to a hierarchically structured data model, such as one that is based at least in part upon ISA S95, ISA S88, OMAC, or any suitable combination thereof. In more detail, devices such as controllers can include at least a portion of a schema that enables the controllers to recognize and output data that is structured in accordance with the hierarchically structured data model. The controllers can interact with other controllers as well as higher-level systems, such as an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. ERP systems typically handle manufacturing, logistics, distribution, inventory, shipping, invoicing, and accounting for a company. The schema referenced above can also be employed by an ERP system associated with the controllers, thereby enabling seamless communication between the controllers and the ERP system. Conventional systems, in contrast, often require ad-hoc programming to map between low-level logic utilized in controllers with more advanced object-oriented programming languages often employed within ERP systems.
The hierarchically structured data model can be designed in such a manner to enable data objects to correspond to a hierarchical arrangement and/or a hierarchical arrangement of processes that occur within the plant. Furthermore, the hierarchically structured data model can be designed in a manner that enables modeling of a plant across system and/or process boundaries. For instance, today's manufacturing facilities include batch processing, continuous processing, discrete processing, as well as inventory processing. Communication of meaningful data between these systems and processes is extremely difficult, as they are often designed and operated without regard for an adjacent process. The hierarchically structured data model can be implemented so that a substantially similar structure is provided with respect to a batch process, a continuous process, a discrete process, and inventory tracking. This uniformity of structure throughout an industrial automation environment enables creation of one or more databases that can be utilized to create customized and robust HMIs.
A view generation component 208 can receive data resulting from the query from the query generator 204, and thereafter utilize such data to create a robust and customized HMI 210. For instance, the HMI 210 can be customized based at least in part upon the user parameters. The view generation component 208 can further create communications between the HMI 210 and, for instance, a device desirably controlled through the HMI 210. Thus, actions undertaken through the HMI 210 can be relayed to the device.
Now turning to
A second hierarchy 302 can be utilized that represents each of the aforementioned hierarchical representations. The hierarchy 302 can include representations of an enterprise, a site, an area, a work center, a work unit, an equipment module, and a control module. Thus, a common representation can be generated that adequately represents the hierarchy 300. For purposes of consistent terminology, data objects can be associated with metadata indicating which type of process they are associated with. Therefore, data objects can be provided to an operator in a form that is consistent with normal usage within such process. For example, batch operators can utilize different terminology than a continuous process operator (as shown by the hierarchy 300). Metadata can be employed to enable display of such data in accordance with known, conventional usage of such data. Thus, implementation of a schema in accordance with the hierarchy 302 will be seamless to operators. Furthermore, in another example, only a portion of such representation can be utilized in a schema that is utilized by a controller. For instance, it may be desirable to house equipment modules and control modules within a controller. In another example, it may be desirable to include data objects representative of work centers and work units within a controller (but not equipment modules or control modules). The claimed subject matter is intended to encompass all such deviations of utilizing the hierarchy 302 (or similar hierarchy) within a controller.
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To utilize a hierarchically structured data model, however, devices within an industrial automation environment must be able to support such data model. In more detail, controllers, smart devices, and the like must be able to receive, execute, and output data that conforms to a hierarchically structured data model. Owners of an enterprise, however, may not wish to replace each legacy device within a plant, as doing so can be quite costly. Still further, many legacy devices may not communicate over similar network protocols. In still further detail, the query generation component 1004 may communicate using the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) while a legacy controller 1008 may communicate through utilization of Hart, Fieldbus, Foundation Fieldbus, Modbus, ASIbus, or other suitable protocol. Accordingly, a proxy component 1008 can be employed to facilitate utilization of a uniform data model throughout an enterprise, wherein the proxy component 1008 facilitates mapping data from the legacy device 1006 to data that conforms to the hierarchically structured data model. In more detail, the proxy component 1008 can include a bridging component 1010 that operates as a bridge between disparate networks. For example, the legacy device 1008 may be adapted to send/receive data over a first network protocol, such as ProfiBus, ModBus, ASIbus, FieldBus, Foundation FieldBus, Hart, or the like, while it may be desirable for the server 1006 to receive data packaged in conformance with a disparate network protocol, such as CIP. The bridging component 1012 can recognize that data from the legacy device 1008 is packaged in accordance with the first network protocol and thereafter re-package such data so that it conforms to the second network protocol. The bridging component 1012 can be associated with a mapping component 1014 that can reformat the data so that it is in accordance with the hierarchically structured data model. For instance, the mapping component 1014 can access templates associated with the hierarchically structured data model and utilize such templates to map the data so that it conforms to such data model. In other words, the legacy controller 1008 can output data in a flat data structure, and the mapping component 1014 can map such data so that it is hierarchical in nature. Therefore, the server 1006 can include data that is structured in a uniform manner, regardless of whether controllers or devices are legacy devices and/or provided by disparate vendors.
The query generation component 1004 can then receive data based at least in part upon one or more queries provided to the server 1006. This data can include organizational units, such as equipment modules, control modules, or any other suitable units, associations located from user roles, and any other suitable data. Data resultant from the query can then be provided to a view generation component 1016 that can create a robust and customized HMI 1018 based at least in part upon the initial request received by the reception component 1002 and the user parameters.
Referring now to
Turning now to
If the user is authorized to access the system 1200 (as determined by the security component 1206), the reception component 1202 can receive user parameters relating to the request for the HMI. For instance, at least a portion of such parameters can be associated with user identity. In other words, given a user identity (as determined by the voice recognition component 1204), various other user-related parameters (such as user role, user preferences . . . ) can be determined. A dialog component 1208 can be employed to solicit additional information from the user if such information is necessary to enable creation of an HMI. For instance, the dialog component 1208 can output visual and/or audible signals that represent inquiries to which the user can respond. Data received through the dialog and/or the initial request for generating an HMI can be provided to a view generation component 1210 that can create a robust and customized HMI 1212 based upon the received information. Furthermore, the view generation component 1210 can include a tool-tip component 1214 that facilitates usage of tool-tips in connection with the generated HMI 1212. In more detail, the tool-tip component 1214 can cause a tool-tip to appear upon an operator hovering over a particular portion of the HMI 1212. This can be enabled through metadata or any other suitable means for creating tool-tips.
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Information relating to a provider of the user request 1602, user such as the user's role in the organization, the user's preferences, and the like can also be stored somewhere in the organizational model, and such data can be accessible from a server. Further, information about specific user, role types, and time can be embedded into each organizational unit so as to allow selective access to these organizational units based on user, role, and time.
User interaction with the transformation pipeline 1604 can begin when the user initiates contact with such pipeline 1604 on a particular display device. Rather than ask for a specific screen, page, or file (as is conventional), the user can announce his or her existence (often as part of a logon or authentication procedure). The user's unique identification number can be collected along with the user's initial location, time of day, as well as an identifier representing the type of display device the user is employing to access the transformation pipeline 1604, which can be a traditional workstation, an embedded device, a wireless device, a cellular device, or any other suitable device. This information can represent more than just the user (because information relating to location, time, and device is available), and is referred collectively herein as a client request context. The information can be delivered to the transformation pipeline 1604 that is existent upon a server 1606, wherein the server 1606 hosts the organizational model, and utilized to generate an HMI.
Additional information relating to the user can then be ascertained through utilization of the client request context. The server 1606 includes a data store 1608 that includes user roles and preferences, and such data store 1608 can be queried based at least in part upon the user identification as well as the role that is associated with the user in the organization. Further user preferences can be retrieved from the data store 1608 based on the user identification ID. A set of information can thus exist about the user; the user's identification, the user's role, preferences, the user's location, display device and time. This set of information can be referred to as a "request context." The request context can be processed by the server 1606 in a number of sequential steps (the transformation pipeline 1604) that can apply the request context to the organizational model and transform it into renderable HMI content.
The transformational pipeline begins with a first transformation 1610 that can prune the organizational model in the area of interest to the user, represented by the request context. For instance, location can be used as a parameter for accessing portions of the organizational model. Location can be specified, for example, by naming an organizational unit of interest (e.g., control module, equipment model, process cell, line, site, . . . ), or by specifying approximate physical coordinates in the system. By providing location to the first transformation 1610 some portion (sub-set) of the organizational model data can be returned. A second transformation 1612 can apply user, role, and time accessed from the request context to data returned from the first transformation 1610. The second transformation 1612 can further prune the data returned from then first transformation 1610 so that only data that has been deemed accessible to the user given a certain user role and time can be returned. In some cases the data returned may be empty indicating the user has no access to the data; in other cases the full data from the previous transformation will be returned indicating that the user has full access.
A third transformation 1614 can be applied based upon device, which may accessed from the request context to the data returned from the second transformation 1612 in the transformation pipeline 1604. For instance, this can enable selection of a template with respect to the device. In more detail, large sophisticated display devices can be associated with large, sophisticated templates, whereas small mobile wireless or cellular display devices can be associated with simpler templates. Moreover, user, user role, and time can be applied to the template to determine if access for a given device types is permitted. In a particular example, a template for a cellular device may not be accessible for a specific user, role, and time. Once the template is selected, it can be applied to data resulting from the third transformation 1614. In one analogy, this would be similar to applying an XSLT style sheet to an XML document, where the output is still an XML document, but it is now in a different format. Incidentally, the output can be renderable, since the template can include rendering instructions that are to be applied to the data.
A fourth transformation 1616 can apply preferences, accessed from the request context, to data resulting from the third transformation 1614. As the input to the fourth transformation 1616 is renderable content, such transformation 1616 may be associated more with styling than content, wherein renderable content is formatted according to user preferences. For instance, styling can include, but is not limited to, color themes, layout themes, headers and footers. Upon completion of the fourth transformation 1616, output can be in the form of presentational content that can be rendered to the user on the display device being employed by such user.
With reference to
The system bus 1718 can be any of several types of bus structure(s) including the memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus or external bus, and/or a local bus using any variety of available bus architectures including, but not limited to, 8-bit bus, Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro-Channel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics (IDE), VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Universal Serial Bus (USB), Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), Personal Computer Memory Card International Association bus (PCMCIA), and Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI).
The system memory 1716 includes volatile memory 1720 and nonvolatile memory 1722. The basic input/output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines to transfer information between elements within the computer 1712, such as during start-up, is stored in nonvolatile memory 1722. By way of illustration, and not limitation, nonvolatile memory 1722 can include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory 1720 includes random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).
Computer 1712 also includes removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media.
It is to be appreciated that
A user enters commands or information into the computer 1712 through input device(s) 1736. Input devices 1736 include, but are not limited to, a pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, TV tuner card, digital camera, digital video camera, web camera, and the like. These and other input devices connect to the processing unit 1714 through the system bus 1718 via interface port(s) 1738. Interface port(s) 1738 include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port, a game port, and a universal serial bus (USB). Output device(s) 1740 use some of the same type of ports as input device(s) 1736. Thus, for example, a USB port may be used to provide input to computer 1712, and to output information from computer 1712 to an output device 1740. Output adapter 1742 is provided to illustrate that there are some output devices 1740 like monitors, speakers, and printers, among other output devices 1740, which require special adapters. The output adapters 1742 include, by way of illustration and not limitation, video and sound cards that provide a means of connection between the output device 1740 and the system bus 1718. It should be noted that other devices and/or systems of devices provide both input and output capabilities such as remote computer(s) 1744.
Computer 1712 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer(s) 1744. The remote computer(s) 1744 can be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a workstation, a microprocessor based appliance, a peer device or other common network node and the like, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to computer 1712. For purposes of brevity, only a memory storage device 1746 is illustrated with remote computer(s) 1744. Remote computer(s) 1744 is logically connected to computer 1712 through a network interface 1748 and then physically connected via communication connection 1750. Network interface 1748 encompasses communication networks such as local-area networks (LAN) and wide-area networks (WAN). LAN technologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet/IEEE 802.3, Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 and the like. WAN technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links, circuit switching networks like Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) and variations thereon, packet switching networks, and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL).
Communication connection(s) 1750 refers to the hardware/software employed to connect the network interface 1748 to the bus 1718. While communication connection 1750 is shown for illustrative clarity inside computer 1712, it can also be external to computer 1712. The hardware/software necessary for connection to the network interface 1748 includes, for exemplary purposes only, internal and external technologies such as, modems including regular telephone grade modems, cable modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.
What has been described above includes examples of the invention. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the subject invention, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the invention are possible. Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
1. A human-machine interface generation system comprising the following computer-executable components:
- a reception component that receives a request to generate a human-machine interface relating to at least one of an industrial system, device, process, and sub-process and parameters associated with an initiator of the request; and
- a view generation component that generates the human-machine interface based at least in part upon the request and the parameters.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a query generation component that creates a query based at least in part upon the request and the parameters and utilizes the query to extract data from a server within an industrial automation environment.
3. The system of claim 2, the view generation component receives the extracted data and generates the human-machine interface based at least in part thereon.
4. The system of claim 3, the extracted data conforms to a hierarchically structured data model.
5. The system of claim 4, the hierarchically structured data model is based at least in part upon one or more of ISA S95, ISA S88, and OMAC.
6. The system of claim 4, further comprising a proxy component that facilitates use of data from legacy controllers in connection with generating the human-machine interface.
7. The system of claim 6, the proxy component comprises a bridging component that receives data formatted in accordance with a first network protocol and converts it to a format that accords to a second network protocol.
8. The system of claim 7, the first network protocol is one of Profibus, Modbus, ASIbus, Hart, Fieldbus, and Foundation Fieldbus, and the second network protocol is CIP.
9. The system of claim 6, the proxy component comprises a mapping component that transforms data from the programmable logic controller into data that conforms to the hierarchically structured data model.
10. The system of claim 2, the server comprises an aggregation component that aggregates data from multiple programmable logic controllers.
11. The system of claim 1, the reception component comprises a security component that determines whether an initiator of a request for the human-machine interface is authorized to generate the human-machine interface.
12. The system of claim 1, the reception component comprises a dialog component that generates a dialog related to the received request to extract additional information from the provider of the request.
13. The system of claim 12, the dialog component solicits information through one of text-based inquiries and voice-based inquiries.
14. The system of claim 1, the reception component comprises a voice recognition component that facilitates recognition of user parameters through a voice command.
15. The system of claim 1, the view generation component comprises a tool-tip component that facilitates provision of tool-tips within the human-machine interface.
16. A methodology for creating a human-machine interface comprising the following computer-executable acts:
- receiving a request to generate a human-machine interface related to one or more of an industrial system, device, process, and sub-process;
- determining parameters relating to a provider of the request; and
- creating the human-machine interface in a customized manner based at least in part upon the at least one of the system device, process, and sub-process and the determined parameters.
17. The methodology of claim 16, further comprising:
- generating a query based at least in part upon the at least one of the system device, process, and sub-process and the determined parameters; and
- providing the query to a server.
18. The methodology of claim 17, further comprising:
- receiving data resulting from the provided query; and
- utilizing such data to generate the human-machine interface, the data conforms to a hierarchically structured data model.
19. The methodology of claim 16, further comprising:
- receiving the request as a voice request; and
- determining the parameters based upon an analysis of the voice request.
20. The methodology of claim 16, further comprising:
- aggregating data from a plurality of controllers; and
- utilizing the aggregated data to create the human-machine interface.
21. The methodology of claim 16, further comprising determining that the provider of the request is authorized to create the human-machine interface.
22. The methodology of claim 16, the parameters include identity of the provider of the request, role of the provider of the request, display device parameters, location of the provider of the request, and location of the object of the request.
23. A human-machine interface generation system, comprising:
- computer-executable means for receiving data relating to a device;
- computer-executable means for receiving parameters relating to a user that is requesting generation of a human-machine interface; and
- computer-executable means for automatically creating the human-machine interface for the device based at least in part upon the received parameters.
24. The system of claim 23, further comprising means for accessing a server that includes associations relating to the parameters.
25. The system of claim 24, data within the server conforms to a hierarchically structured data model.
26. The system of claim 23, further comprising means for determining the parameters based at least in part upon voice commands.
Type: Application
Filed: Sep 30, 2005
Publication Date: Apr 5, 2007
Patent Grant number: 7650196
Applicant: Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. (Mayfield Heights, OH)
Inventors: Kevin Gordon (Annacis Island Delta), Clifton Bromley (New Westminister), Eric Dorgelo (Port Moody), Douglas Reichard (Fairview, OH), Marc Semkow (Burnaby), Shafin Virji (Vancouver)
Application Number: 11/239,925
International Classification: G05B 11/01 (20060101); G05B 15/00 (20060101);


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ADIA has become increasingly active in India since late 2017.
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) will invest $1 billion to acquire a 20 percent stake in UPL Corporation, the Mauritius-based arm of India-listed agrochemicals business UPL Ltd, according to Indian media reports.
According to a report in India's Economic Times, ADIA will provide $1 billion in equity funding, which will be used as a vehicle that the UPL will use to acquire Platform Speciality Product Corp's agricultural pesticides business, Arysta Life-Science for $4.3 billion.
The report – citing anonymous sources aware of the plane – said the remaining $3.3 billion will organised from Asian and European banks.
In March, UPL Corporation raised $300 million in dollar-denominated bonds.
The company is the world's second-largest manufacture of post-patent agrochemicals.
In June, Platform – of which Bill Ackman's Pershing Square Capital Management has a 14 percent stake – said it had entered exclusive negotiations on a potential sale of Arysta, which employs about 3,000 people and reportedly accounted for 50 percent of Platform's $3.8 billion in sales last year.
ADIA declined to comment on the matter when contacted by Arabian Business.
UPL, which was earlier known as United Phosphorus Ltd, has made over 25 acquisitions in two decades. According to the Economic Times, if the Arysta deal goes through, UPL will become the world's fifth largest crop-protection company.
In December, ADIA was announced as the primary investor in a new affordable housing fund in India. A month later, Indian media reported that ADIA was hiring a new country head and plans to set up an office in India as part of expansion efforts in the country.
Earlier in 2017, ADIA signed a $1 billion investment agreement with India's National Investment and Infrastructure Fund, becoming the first institutional investor in its master fund and shareholder in its investment management company, National Investment and Infrastructure Ltd.
In the infrastructure sector, ADIA owns minority states in Indian renewable energy producer ReNew Power Ventures Pvt. Ltd., clean energy company Greenko Energy Holdings, and Infrastructure Pte Ltd, a road platform formed by I Squared Capital and the World Bank's International Finance Corp.For all the latest banking and finance news from the UAE and Gulf countries, follow us on Twitter and Linkedin, like us on Facebook and subscribe to our YouTube page, which is updated daily.

subset: commoncrawl


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CHICAGO, Ill. – A federal jury awarded millions to a former gang member who was wrongfully convicted of two murders.
According to WLS, Nathson Fields spent 18 years in prison, including 12 of those years on death row, before he was cleared of a double murder.
The now 63-year-old was originally convicted for the 1984 murders of two rival gang members.
His conviction was recently overturned after it was revealed that the judge in the case accepted a bribe. Fields was then acquitted during a retrial.
Fields filed a lawsuit against the city, alleging that two police officers framed him by withholding evidence that would have cleared his name in the case.
"I stand before you as the living proof that there's other men in prison for things they didn't do because of the city's policy with the street file," Fields said.
A federal jury just awarded Fields $22 million in the case. Attorneys for the city say they are disappointed in the decision and plan to file an appeal.


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For your dream dome-home our library includes floor plans in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. That size-range includes small cozy cottages as well as vectorious and spectacular castle-like domains and everything in between.Home Computer Art Geodesic Dome Links Contact Building The Dome. The original plan was to just pay a concrete contractor to build us a slab and then Id take
One of the first factors many home planners think about is how many bedrooms they needwant in their dream dome-home. Weve simplified this process by organizing our designs based on the number of bedrooms each includes.Concrete dome homes - A concrete monolithic dome home can be everything you need and want in a home. It can be small or vectorious one-storied or multi-storied and built in virtually any location.Floorplans for homes built with EconOdome kits The Central Kitchen plan above can 38.5 ft. diameter home before showing floorplans for other size dome homes.
Plan Catalog of Monolithic Dome House Plans --- Not sure how I feel about the large interior courtyard but Im intrigued. Concrete Dome Homes Floor Plans For a first try the concrete dome home this upstate New York couple built themselves turned out pretty well.Our Concrete House Plan Collection has plans made for very hot or cold climates where increased insulation and solid construction make for the perfect home.dome home kits green design econodome dome home floor plans radiantly heated concrete floor that rests on a raised
Monolithic Dome safe room used nearly every day for performing arts. In Lumberton Texas a Monolithic Dome safe room was constructed for the Samuel [more]
Our construction firm spevectores in the building of large luxury residential homes and small to medium commercial construction. We also carry out [more]
Monolithic Dome Homes Tornadoes Further A Testament To The Dome Shape Insute Along With Domers Respond Moore Oklahoma Scared Into Going TogetherThe [more]
For the last couple years Jill Harness has been rounding up the worlds most beautiful libraries by continent. Here they are all in one place in no [more]
The latest news and headlines from Yahoo News. Get breaking news stories and in-depth coverage with graphic and photos.Robert Bissett Graduate Arch [more]
All about Pai Thailand by Chris Pirazzi. Pictures stories bus schedule maps and links.Vellie P who recently released his official debut single unde [more]
While having a custom-designed home might seem like the golden standard in terms of getting that beautiful and exquisite architecture design and de [more]
This is a list of episodes from the television series Grand Designs and its spin-offs Grand Designs Indoors Grand Designs Abroad and Grand Designs [more]
INSIDE THE graphicESHIPS. GEORGE ADAMSKI. 1955 . www.cosmic-people.com . www.angels-heaven.org . Small graphiceships of the Metharia civilization ( [more]
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Read More Concrete Dome Homes Floor Plans. By admin Concrete Dome House Plans Homes Floor. Concrete Dome House Plan Fantastic New At Perfect Conc [more]


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Blue Blockheads for Smallmouth
In the previous post, I discussed trying our Carolina Blue Blockhead Poppers. I'm not sure why, but this early season the river smallmouth have been going nuts over these blue foam popper flies.
I thought you guys and gals should know about this.
Here's the scenario. In the last 1 1/2 weeks, I've hit three different tributaries to the Mississippi River in Central MN. All the rivers are slightly different. Some are super rocky with a mild current, one is mainly shallow, clear and sandy, and the third had stained water from recent rains.
The good news: Fish were going on top water for most of these midday floats.
From the outset of these midday floats (we commonly put in around noon and float 4 – 5 hours), the smallies have been both blasting and sipping top water flies.
By far and away the best one we've used this late spring/early summer is the Flybass Blue Blockhead Popper, only available at FlyBass.com. We've switched out during the day with other proven patterns to test the efficacy of these blue ones and I just have to say, "They flat out prefer the blue".
I know it sounds like a sales pitch, but I swear they are really effective!
Double Blind Crossover: I intentionally switched to White and Yellow poppers, Gorilla Chernobyl Ant (#4), Tan Mega Hopper Popper (Size #2), as well as White and Red Gurglers and even some Murdich-style streamers just to see if they'd hit anything. All the aforementioned are proven bass killers.
The short answer was: NO, they wouldn't hit everything, especially with the gusto they were taking the blue blockheads.
Anyway, check them out. I just posted a new video on some tying techniques for foam poppers HERE.


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Your options for getting prescriptions online at PharmacyOutlet
You must have a valid Private Prescription before we can process your order.
A Prescription is valid only for six months from the date of issue, unless the medicine prescribed contains a controlled drug
- Prescriptions for a controlled drug is valid for 28 days from the date of issue.
- A prescription for a controlled drug that states the drug should be dispensed in several instalments, the first instalment must be dispensed within 28 days of the date on the prescription.
How much is a prescription?
If you live in England and pay for your NHS prescription, you'll pay the standard prescription charge for each item in England, which is £8.80 as of 1 April 2018.
Certain groups of people may be eligible for free prescriptions, if they have an NHS exemption certificate or a prescription prepayment certificate for instance.
The cost of private prescriptions varies.
Information regarding prescriptions:
- We can only accept orders for POM-V products from UK customers. We can only deliver these products to UK addresses.
- We only dispense prescriptions to U.K. addresses with a prescription from a U.K. registered vet.
- Unfortunately we cannot deliver to the Channel Islands.
- We may contact customers who require human medicines for animals as extra costs may apply.
- There is a special delivery charge per order on items which need to be delivered chilled, customers will be contacted
- Prices are subject to change without notification.
- All prices quoted are in GBP.
What is the Electronic Prescription Service (EPS)
The Electronic Prescription Service (EPS) is an NHS service. It allows your GP to electronically transfer your NHS prescriptions to the pharmacy of your choice.
This service will be gradually rolled out across all GP Surgeries & Pharmacies in England.
You will be advised by your Surgery when they have moved onto the EPS System. At this time you will be asked to nominate a pharmacy to deal with your prescriptions.
How will I know if I can use the Electronic Prescription Service?
Your GP will be able to tell you whether they are able to offer this service. Alternatively, the NHS Choices website has a list of Surgeries who offer this service.
- You have the right to collect medicines that have been prescribed for you from any pharmacy you choose.
- Your choice should not be influenced by letters you receive in the post, or by any doctor or pharmacist.
- Please contact NHS England if someone is trying to influence your decision on which pharmacy you would like to use.
- You can contact NHS England in the following ways:
- Call: 0300 311 22 33
- Email: email@example.com (with 'your prescription: your choice' in the subject line)
- Post: NHS England, PO Box 16738, Redditch, B97 9PT


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Topic "impunity"
Colombia's Attorney General orders detention of former hitman, links him to murder of journalist Guillermo Cano Isaza
The Attorney General of Colombia ordered the detention of a former hitman it linked to the 1986 murder of journalist and editor of newspaper El Espectador, Guillermo Cano Isaza. Read more »
After 19 years, two former paramilitary members sentenced for abduction, torture and sexual abuse of Colombian journalist
By Silvia Higuera and Teresa Mioli
Two former paramilitary members have been sentenced to a total of 70 years in prison in relation to the abduction, torture and sexual abuse of Colombian journalist Jineth Bedoya Lima that happened almost 20 years ago. Read more »
In unprecedented report, government reports 64 communicators killed in last 20 years in Brazil
Between 1995 and 2018, 64 communicators – journalists, broadcasters and bloggers – were murdered in Brazil because of their profession. In half of those cases, those responsible were identified and a complaint was filed by the public prosecutor's office. However, 16 continue under investigation and seven were closed without being resolved. Read more »
Impunity in crimes against communicators in Brazil mainly reaches cities of country's interior, says Article 19
The impunity of homicides against journalists in Brazil has been increasingly frequent in the interior of the country, according to a recent report from Article 19, "The cycle of silence: impunity in murders of communicators." Read more »
Just 18% of cases of murdered journalists in Latin America and the Caribbean have been reported as resolved: UNESCO
This post has been updated to include information on UNESCO's Observatory of Killed Journalists.
When the murders of journalists are not brought to justice in court, the result is not only injustice for those professionals and their families, but a greater threat to the colleagues they leave behind. Read more »
Mexico, Colombia and Brazil among countries with highest rates of impunity for journalist murders
Mexico, Colombia and Brazil are among the top 14 countries in the world where the murderers of journalists are not punished in court.
The three countries were the only in Latin America to make the 2018 Global Impunity Index created by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). Each year, the organization ranks all countries where journalists have been murdered with complete impunity. Read more »
Former military officer and current candidate for mayor of Lima is acquitted in 1988 murder of Peruvian journalist
Former military officer Daniel Urresti, who is running for mayor of Lima on Oct. 7, was acquitted as co-author of the murder of journalist Hugo Bustios in 1988. Read more »
Inter-American Court condemns Colombia for 1998 murder of journalist Nelson Carvajal Carvajal
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR Court) found the Colombian State responsible for the 1998 murder of journalist Nelson Carvajal Carvajal, and for a failure to guarantee the victim's right to freedom of expression. Read more »
Mexican authorities arrest drug trafficking leader in Chihuahua linked to Miroslava Breach murder
Mexican authorities arrested Arturo Quintina, known as "El 80," an alleged drug trafficker suspected of ordering the March 2017 murder of journalist Miroslava Breach, according to El País. Read more »
Colombian man sentenced to 58 years in jail for 2015 murder of radio director and wife
A Colombian judge sentenced Yean Arlex Buenaventura to 58 years and 3 months in jail for the 2015 murder of journalist Luis Peralta Cuellar and his wife, Sofía Quintero. According to the Foundation for Press Freedom (FLIP), which represented the victims in court, this is the highest sentence ever handed down in the country for a crime against freedom of expression. Read more »


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Geek Trivia
The Only U.S. State With Commercial Coffee Bean Production Is?
Answer: Hawaii
Although we grow vast amounts of coffee to feed humanity's practically bottomless desire, the locations where one can grow good coffee beans is much smaller in range than the distribution of people who love the end product.
Arabica beans can be grown in two ideal climates: subtropical regions at an elevation of between 1,800 and 3,600 feet that have very well defined rainy and dry seasons (like parts of Mexico, Brazil, and Zimbabwe), or at equatorial regions with an elevation between 3,600 and 6,300 feet where frequent rainfall (like parts of Kenya, Colombia, and Ethiopia) keep the crop almost continuously flowering. Robusta coffee is grown between sea level and 3000 feet and is more tolerant of variations in farming conditions than Arabica.
While Americans consume huge amounts of coffee, the vast majority of it, thanks to a lack of suitable coffee cropland, is grown outside the U.S. in places like Mexico, Ethiopia, and Brazil. The only U.S. state with commercially viable coffee cropland is the state of Hawaii, which thanks to a very "steady" tropical climate with adequate rainfall and both sea level and high elevation areas, can grow both Arabica and Robusto beans—though the most famous Hawaiian coffee, from the Kona region, is almost exclusively Arabica.


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Another Silver Age Spidey-age sensation! Here's the cover art to AMAZING SPIDER-MAN # 54, by "Jazzy" John Romita Sr.! Devious Doctor Octopus makes his nefarious return appearance, this time leaving an innocent and injured Aunt May in his wretched wake! All the drama, excitement, and suspense that fans came to expect from early Marvel Comics, is on full display here, on this one powerful cover! Click to enlarge!
Saturday, April 16, 2011
SPIDER-MAN # 54! Original John Romita Sr. 1967 Comic Art! Doc Ock! Marvel!
Posted by Al Bigley at 8:13 AM
Labels: 1967, aunt may, doctor octopus, john romita sr., original comic art, Silver Age, spider-man
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A Qantas plane travelling from Dubai to Melbourne has been forced to land in Singapore after suffering a mechanical fault with its engine.
QF10 was three hours into its flight when it diverted to Singapore at 4.30pm local time (7.30pm AEDT) a Qantas spokesman told 9NEWS, adding it completed a routine landing at Changi airport.
"Customers will be booked on the next available service to their destination or provided overnight accommodation," the spokesman said.
"We sincerely thank our customers for their patience and understanding."


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Franchesca is originally from Puerto Rico and moved to the DFW area in 2013. She is married and has two lovely doggies named Leia and Athena. Her deepest passion is to serve others with her caring, warm and genuine personality.
Franchesca earned a Bachelors Degree in Education with a major in Social Studies from the University of Puerto Rico in 2007. In 2011, she completed a Masters Degree in Education with a Major in Counseling from the Inter American University of Puerto Rico. After a year living in Texas, she decided to go back to school and graduated from LeTourneau University completing a second Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy.
Her professional journey has been adventurous, to say the least. She has served as a teacher at all levels, school counselor and professional counselor for the past 10 years. Her journey as a counselor started back home and then it was resumed in 2016 when she became a Licensed Professional Counselor-Intern in the state of Texas. For two years she provided counseling services at a non-profit clinic for those who are uninsured and underserved. During that time she worked closely with depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, spiritual issues, life transitions, marital and family conflicts.
Franchesca sees the counseling relationship as a team. She will walk alongside your counseling journey, and help you establish your own goals and pace. You are the expert in your own life and no one knows you better than yourself. She will provide a safe place, where you can be yourself and feel free to say whatever you need to say. Her commitment is to will help you find healing, comfort or guidance as long as you are committed and responsible for your own progress.
Franchesca is a National Certified Counselor and is a member of the American Counseling Association, Texas Counseling Association, International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors and EMDR International Association.


text: 'Not Reaching' pouch designed to save Black lives during traffic stops Posted on May 8, 2019 by Chelsea Williams When she heard the story of how 32-year-old Philando Castile was shot and killed by police in 2016, Jackie Carter decided that enough was enough. Castile was driving with his girlfriend and her child when he was pulled over by Minnesota police officer Jeronimo Yanez who claimed to see Castile reaching for his gun and fired several shots into the vehicle, killing Castile. In a video recording of the shooting, Castile can be heard saying he "wasn't reaching" for his gun. Carter's device called "Not Reaching!" is a clear card-carrying pouch that clips onto the driver-side air vent. The pouch is designed to be a safe location for drivers to store the important documents that officers typically ask to see during routine traffic stops. With more than 1,000 units sold, and even more given away, the "Not Reaching!" pouch could be the difference between life and death for Black drivers across the country. Read the full story >>


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Hallowed Legends: Samhain Collector's Edition
- Bonus gameplay
- Integrated Strategy Guide
- Stunning soundtrack
- Concept art
- OS : Windows XP/Vista/8
- CPU : 1.8 GHz
- Memory : 512
- DiretX : 9.0
- Hard driver (MB) : 885
Review for game Hallowed Legends: Samhain Collector's Edition
Celtic folklore seems to be more truth than lore when the Samhain festival goers disappear! Find the missing people and save the day in this exciting Adventure game! Battle the gods of yore to restore the seasons and repair time in Hallowed Legends: Samhain. Depart on a fantastic adventure and learn the secrets behind an ancient Gaelic festival! This is a special Collector's Edition release full of exclusive extras you won't find in the standard version. As a bonus, Collector's Edition purchases count toward three stamps on your Monthly Game Club Punch Card! The Collector's Edition includes:
Find your A-HA! moment with mind-bending puzzles and jigsaw games.
March 11, 2011
1474 points
I played this one when this game first out and I really enjoy until end! Thank you elephant, for making this great game! Love it!
I loved this game! Very intriquing!!!
The graphics were awesome and looked real. The visual/sound quality was fabulous. The level of challange was good. It only took me like 4 hours tops. The storyline was intriguing. This was a overall great game, but I got the SV instead of the CE.
This is still one of my all time favorites, and I'm an AVID casual gamer. The scenes are clear, and organized, just plain gorgeous. Great storyline too. Here is one I'd buy for all devices. Loved it start to finish. I really love hidden objects that are not hand drawn, and more clearly computer generated like this; for instance a battery really looks like a battery here. My only beef is I couldn't load/save the screensaver, and that was discouraging(running windows 7).Maybe that was just me, but I never had that happen, and I do prefer when the coll editions allow you to "download and keep" the wallpapers, etc. I was able to keep the wallpapers from this game though which was a plus. If you like this game you will love the 2nd Hallowed Legends, and you will also probably like Enigmatis, Ghosts of Maple Creek
Samhain is the best Big Fish Games purchase I've made. This game has the most innovative and breathtaking graphics I have seen here. The story is unique and well crafted.The acting is excellent. The cut scenes are fascinating and move the story forward. They are clear, beautiful and true to the story - much like a real movie. Most games on this site have cut scenes where I roll my eyes at the unprofessional acting (standing around looking at the ground, weird gestures, mugging) obviously done by friends of the game developers in cheesy costumes, not real actors. Usually, I click past the cut scenes because they repeat story elements already known or they are too grainy and badly illustrated. But, Samhain breaks the mold and makes the benchmark that much higher for all game developers. This is a true joy to play and I look forward to buying more of these wonderful developers' outstanding work.
I head a great time playing this game!! Some of rooms wear really scary with all those machines and sounds and also i found different and unexpected objects in HOS scenes. It was a very nice experience ...thank you Big Fish !
Elephant games are normally great but lately they have not put out the great ones. Lots of reading in this one with not much voice over. Graphics are good and music is ok. The HOS are ok hard to find them all at times. The puzzles can be challenging at times. Has some good flow with some running all around.
Review after finishing the game: The Good: + adequate graphics + achievements + slight twist to some hidden object scenes, like having to find a dip net to get objects in a pond + length of game The Neutral: o All riddles (safe for the very last one during the bonus adventure) very easy o as usual an "area complete" would have been nice... o the end came a bit abrupt The Bad: - ...which would have saved lots of useless running around... - ...cause it was not always clear where to proceed next - story was a bit hit and miss (where did that procession of people go to?) Bonus Content: The story leading up to the events through the eyes of the main character's husband. Good length. Story Hidden object scenes and riddles are needed for overall achievements. Bottom Line: Good game, but the regular edition will do. The bonus content provides a bit of back story and the usual doodads but is not necessary to understand the whole game.
Everything about this game is awesome. Lot's of different action here. The story doesn't even matter because you become so engrossed in the game, however a woman goes to a Celtic festival to search for her ex-husband whom she believes to be in trouble. This game has good graphics, good music, achievements and has some of the most clever Ho's and puzzles i've seen yet. The HO might make you find an object outside of the HO come back and use that item, or you might have to do a puzzle in order to even get to the HO! I think this game will hit the mark for adventure, hidden object, and puzzle gamers,
Unbelievable game! Great storyline and blend of different puzzles. Was long enough where I felt I got my time and money's worth. Loved it so much I bought the SE and CE....by mistake!


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Butland worth more than £30m Pickford, says Stoke chief
Jack Butland would command a transfer fee in excess of the £30 million Everton paid for Jordan Pickford, Stoke City chief executive Tony Scholes suggested.
Klaassen ready for Everton challenge
Pickford became the third-most expensive goalkeeper in football history on Thursday when he swapped Sunderland for Everton – his transfer fee only eclipsed by new Manchester City signing Ederson and Juventus legend Gianluigi Buffon.
Butland is only one year older than Pickford but has already made his senior international debut with England and enjoyed more Premier League experience.
And should Stoke be inclined to sell him – which they have no intention of at present – they believe any offers would now have to exceed the one that secured Pickford's services.
"Jack's a very special talent," said Scholes. "He's done extremely well for us and has done well for England.
"I think most people objectively would argue he's some way beyond Jordan Pickford, I think, but that's not what we are thinking about.
"We are thinking about what Jack can do for our football team and Jack is a key part of what we want to be next year.
Everton make smart investment in £30m Pickford
"He's a player we missed last year, albeit Lee Grant came in and was magnificent and deservedly won the player-of-the-year award.
"But when you've got a player of Jack's quality you want him available for your team."
Stoke had to cope without their number one goalkeeper for the majority of the 2016-17 campaign due to an ankle injury, but he returned in the closing weeks as Mark Hughes' side finished 13th.


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A 30 percent chance of rain, mainly after 5pm. Increasing clouds, with a high near 51. Northwest wind 5 to 9 mph becoming east in the afternoon.
Warmer day today, it actually feels like spring outside! This warmer weather alongside some rain will melt the remaining snow. If it muddies up the creeks, we will let you know but we are optimistic that it won't do too much to screw fishing up other than temporarily.
As of now, creeks are low and clear with water temperatures in the low 40s. Olives are the main attraction with hatches each afternoon and evening. During the early part of the day, bouncing a heavy tungsten pattern along the bottom or twitching a leech slowly through the pockets and pools has been very effective.


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Japanese in 10 Minutes a Day
Kristine Kershul
Bilingual Books, 2002 (1992)
Reviewed by Ayesha Baumgartner
apanese in 10 Minutes a Day
is aimed at making the everyday traveler or language enthusiast proficient in the language. The book is fun and educational, and will help you learn how to better communicate in Japanese.
t begins with simple phrases and sounds that can be pronounced by anyone. You are encouraged from the get-go, '
can you say this?
' Lessons are simple, concise and engaging, complete with crossword puzzles, stickers, and a set of flash cards at the back. You are enouraged to speak phrases and instantly apply all that you master. Use this book as a base to start learning to converse in Japanese or as an extra tool in language learning. I like the emphasis on 10 minutes a day as it gets you in the habit of absorbing something new, moving you steadily along the way to learning the language. I recommend the book to those wanting to brush up on a language familiar to them (as is my case), to those wanting to learn Japanese from scratch, and also to educators who can incorporate the book in their lesson plans.
hough hearing how the words sound, spoken by a native speaker, is valuable in learning any new language, if you simply want to self-teach with a book, you'll find this one effective. Use
Japanese in 10 Minutes a Day
to develop your confidence in conversing in Japanese. It makes language learning fun, simple and enjoyable.
Note: Opinions expressed in reviews and articles on this site are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of BookLoons.
Find more Travel books on our
or in our book


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Case Studies in Business Managment
Concepts demystified � Comparative Cost Advantage, Core Competencies, Competitive Advantage, Corporate Strategy, Market Research, Brand Building, Corporate Governance, Value Chain Analysis and many more concepts.
Our case studies are known for their contemporariness, concepts and the decision dilemmas which stimulate our readers, analyze complex uncertainties and challenges which in turn help them blossom into great decision makers and CEOs. As pedagogical tools, our case studies stand as one of the best in the academic world.
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Rosetta Findings Suggest Water On Earth's Oceans Originated From Asteroids, Not Comets
The European Space Agency's (ESA) Rosetta spacecraft has found that water vapor generated by its target comet "67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko" is significantly different from that found on Earth, a discovery that has fueled speculation that asteroids, not comets, were likely responsible for the planet's ancient oceans.
One of the leading hypotheses about the origin of water on Earth is that the planet's surface was inundated with water by a bombardment of comets about 3.8 billion years ago. But, the new data provided by Rosetta has led scientists to reconsider the theory and speculate that ancient asteroids, which were covered with ice in the early solar system, may have brought water to Earth. The measurements were made by Rosetta in the month following the spacecraft's arrival at the comet on Aug. 6, according to ESA.
"It's not the same as terrestrial water—it's much heavier," Kathrin Altwegg, physicist at the University of Bern, Switzerland, and lead author of the study, published Wednesday in the journal Science, told the Wall Street Journal.
According to scientists, Earth was believed to be so hot when it was formed about 4.6 billion years ago that any original water content would have evaporated. Today, two-thirds of the Earth's surface is covered in water. And, scientists say that there is a strong case for asteroids to be the source of water on Earth as the chemical signature of water found in meteorites -- solid chunks of debris from asteroids -- match the composition of Earth's water.
"Thus, despite the fact that asteroids have a much lower overall water content, impacts by a large number of them could still have resulted in Earth's oceans," ESA said, in a statement.
According to Altwegg, many asteroids with dry and barren bodies may have contained water in the past, but eventually lost it because of their proximity to the sun.
"As Rosetta continues to follow the comet on its orbit around the Sun throughout next year, we'll be keeping a close watch on how it evolves and behaves," Altwegg said.


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Click on the logo or picture above or the following link to view my website where you can find all of my contact info or get started right away with our online application.


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Listeria: Top Ten Garbage Lines from Heist (2001)
Posted by Andrew Unterberger on June 28, 2008
"I tried to imagine a blogger smarter than myself. Then I tried to think, 'what would he write?'"
I do love movies primarily consisting of the characters talking at each other. Heist is a heist movie where the heist itself is about as creative, interesting and thought-provoking as the movie's title. I've seen it probably close to a half-dozen times (at least five times more than was necessary, of course) and I couldn't tell you what happens in the slightest–there's some gold, there's some tension between youthful arrogance and the wisdom of experience, and there are even more double crosses than there are uses of the word "fuck." No matter, in a David Mamet movie the plot isn't nearly as important as the tough-guy gibberish the characters spew in each other's directions, lines that don't mean much of anything, and bear no resemblance to the way people actually talk, but sure sound pretty/hilarious. Here are ten exchanges real-life criminals probably wish they were witty and verbose enough to come up with on their own. Or maybe they don't.
10. "Ain't you a piece of work?"
"Yeah, I came all the way from China in a matchbox."
9. "Where's the gold?"
"You know, I'm reluctant to tell you."
"When we put it to you…you know when we put it to you, you're going to be telling us the gross national product of Bolivia! You're going to be telling us the area codes of Luxembourg and Belgium!"
8. "No one lives forever."
"Frank Sinatra gave it a shot."
7. "The other thing, the Swiss thing, if I was a publisher, I'd publish the plans."
"Why don't you publish the plans?"
"Yeah, no, I said that's what I'd do if I was a publisher. Unfortunately, I'm a thief, so I have to do that thing."
6. "Don't you wanna hear my last words?"
"I just did." (Shoots in face)
5. "So, is he going to be cool?"
"My motherfucker's so cool that when he goes to bed, sheep count him."
4. "Makes the world go 'round."
"What's that?"
"Some people say love."
"Well, they're right too. It is love. Love of gold!"
3. "You know why the chicken crossed the road? Because the road crossed the chicken!"
2. "Hey, I'm as quiet as an ant pissing on cotton."
"I don't want as quiet as an ant pissing on cotton. I want you as quiet as an ant not even thinking about pissing on cotton!"
1. "Everybody needs money! That's why they call it MONEY!"
2 Responses to "Listeria: Top Ten Garbage Lines from Heist (2001)"
July 3, 2008 at 6:43 pm
[…] frankly, it's something of a miracle it didn't end up like a Heist-like mess of people Talking At Each Other. But it's true that every character in the movie ended up being more interesting, more […]
April 6, 2013 at 7:10 am
What about "she can talk her way out of a sunburn"


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Taking Action, Creating Change
by Megan Dorward
Every year, JWI brings young women from all over the country to capitol hill to meet with senior staff and key congressional leaders. As part of our dedication to civic engagement, we meet with more than 20 Congressional offices to discuss key legislative issues including the Violence Against Women Act, Reproductive Rights, gun violence prevention, and equal pay. Read below to learn more about one attendees experience and consider joining us on April 1st from 8:00am-1:00pm.
The third annual Young Women's Advocacy Day is coming up! Are you excited? Why?
I am so excited, I look forward to Advocacy Day every year! It is truly one of the most rewarding experiences I get to participate in all year. It is incredibly empowering to spend a day meeting with lawmakers and their staffs and talking about the issues we care about and the change we want to see for the nation. It is a really gratifying experience to feel like you have done something to be part of a solution.
Why do you think this day is important for young women?
It is incredibly important for us as young women to raise our voices and make sure that the people who represent us in Congress hear us and understand what we care about. These are the people who make the laws that impact our lives - from our ability to access healthcare, to our safety, and to how we are treated and compensated in the workforce - and so it is our civic duty to stand up and be heard. The ability to raise our voices collectively, as we do on Advocacy Day, sends the message that we as young women are engaged in the issues and will not be ignored.
What has been your favorite part of this experience?
My favorite part of participating in Advocacy Day has been meeting with the lawmakers' staffs and briefing them on why these issues are so critically important. It is our jobs as citizens to hold our elected officials accountable, and that means, in addition to voting, getting involved in the process and speaking up for the issues we care about. We have the power to impact how laws in this country get made, and those laws can bring about the change we want to see in our society.
What issue are you most excited to talk about this year?
It's hard to pick just one issue that I am most excited to talk about, but I think this year, given the status of the Violence Against Women Act, I am most fired up about talking about its reauthorization. Historically, VAWA has received bipartisan support, but now it's up to us to put pressure on our elected officials to reauthorize it and protect women in this country.
How many years have you been coming to Advocacy Day? Why are you coming back?
This will be my third year attending Advocacy Day! I keep coming back because the issues we advocate for are as pressing now as they ever have been. I also feel a great sense of responsibility to get involved and advocate on behalf of the women who might not be able to travel to DC. Because I live in the district, I am able to take advantage of the opportunity given to me, but I recognize that not every women can do so, and so I feel a responsibility to speak up for them.
Any tips for first time attendees?
Wear comfortable shoes! You can cover a lot of ground (literally!) in a day. Also, don't feel that you have to be an expert on the issues or on the legislative process. You will be well-briefed ahead of the meetings, you can talk about which issue you care most about, and it is the job of the aides you will meet with to take meetings with constituents.
What would you tell someone who is on the fence about attending?
I would say to someone on the fence about attending that things do not change until people get involved. For too long, the laws in this country have been made in large part by men, and there are gaping inequalities in these laws that put women at a distinct disadvantage. There are now more women in Congress than ever before, and it's our responsibility to seize this moment and start to balance out the inequalities.
Anything else you think people should know?
Though the subject matter is serious, this is actually a really fun day! You will learn a lot, and you'll likely start counting down until the next Advocacy Day!
About the author
Megan Dorward lives on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC. She works for Twitter as a Senior Client Partner. In this role she advises political and advocacy marketers on their advertising strategies on Twitter. Megan graduated from The College of William and Mary and is an active alumnae, having served on the Board for Annual Giving and now serving on the Alumni Association Board of Directors. She hopes to one day own a corgi puppy.
Two women, connected by JWI, partner to produce a powerful play on sexual violence.
By Megan Dorward
Every year, JWI brings young women from all over the country to capitol hill to meet with senior staff and key congressional leaders. As part of our dedication to civic engagement, we meet with more than 20 Congressional offices to discuss key legislative issues including the Violence Against Women Act, Reproductive Rights, gun violence prevention, and equal pay. Read more to learn more about one attendees experience and consider joining us on April 1st from 8:00am-1:00pm.
In the last year, JWI and the National Task Force to End Sexual and Domestic Violence have spent countless hours working to update the Violence Against Women Act. Here's what you need to know before the bill is finally introduced this week.
For the second year in a row: instead of chocolate, jewelry, or flowers, we'd really like something more substantial for Valentine's Day (equal pay comes to mind??). But also, feel free to send any unwanted chocolate our way.
By Sasha Altschuler and Erin McMullen
Here at JWI, several of us identify as members of Bachelor Nation, and Caelynn's disclosure to Colton about her experiences as a sexual assault survivor deeply resonated with us. One in five women are sexual assault survivors, which means one in five women watching the Bachelor are victims of sexual assault. Caelynn's public confession is more than incredibly brave; it's an opportunity to open a critical dialogue.
By Monica Edelman
I don't know the race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability, or personal history of the vast majority of my fundraiser's donors. In this digital age, for me they are generous little circular profile pictures alerting me of a new donation every thirty seconds. For two days I watched their faces flash and flash, over and over, continually curating new donations on the screen of my cell phone in what was a beautiful slideshow of names, both familiar and foreign, giving what they could to help out complete strangers.
By Valerie Brown
How my mom's civic engagement has transformed from informed citizen to activist extraordinaire - and what she's done for her community this year.
By Idalia Friedson
We were a sight to behold: six Jews and two Hindus standing shoulder to shoulder on the synagogue bimah (stage) , smiling and teary-eyed as we watched "Abe" receive a new Hebrew name, an important part of his Jewish identity. He beamed as the Rabbi blessed him and gave him the new name, one that he could now use as a transgender man.
As we watch Dr. Christine Blasey Ford testify before the Senate committee, we need no further confirmation of the of the life-altering trauma that she has suffered and survived at the hands of Brett Kavanaugh, and we are outraged on her behalf.
Yet the actions and statements made by some of our political leaders have moved us back in time – back to a time when sexual assault and domestic violence survivors were silenced and incidents where men take advantage of women were swept under the rug.
By Nancy C. Snowden
I am often asked why I work for a fraternity and what I as a woman could possibly glean, let alone benefit from, in this role. While I could provide numerous examples of what working for a fraternity has taught me, what I have learned about the desperate need for more resources and transparency around men, masculinity, and mental health often takes my breath away.
By Sasha Altschuler
With 67 days until the midterm elections, voting is on my mind. A vote is more than helping shape the future, it's about acknowledging and honoring the past. We are responsible for continuing the legacy of the women who fought for our right to vote; we owe it to our communities to act as a catalyst for change by taking our voices to the polls.
By Erin McMullen
Here at JWI, many of us identify as devout supporters of Bachelor Nation and we've been watching this season of Bachelor in Paradise every Monday and Tuesday. However, we were deeply frustrated last night about Leo's disrespectful treatment of Kendall that exhibited classic signs of gaslighting.
By Nancy C. Snowden
I remember clearly one conversation about attire, what to wear, what not to wear. The advice I was given was this: "Always wear a suit, you want to model what they wear; you want to be one of them." I struggled with this because if you know even the smallest bit about my personality, a suit is the farthest thing from being representative of who I am.
By Steph Black
Pride is the annual round of parades and other events held this time of year everywhere from New York to Sao Paulo to Tokyo. These festive gatherings--places where LGBTQ folks can celebrate who they are and how they feel—are filled with joy and rainbows. They are also one of the few times a year LGBT people can be truly visible.
By Steph Black
Pride is the annual round of parades and other events held this time of year everywhere from New York to Sao Paulo to Tokyo. These festive gatherings--places where LGBTQ folks can celebrate who they are and how they feel—are filled with joy and rainbows. They are also one of the few times a year LGBT people can be truly visible.
By Steph Black
Pride is the annual round of parades and other events held this time of year everywhere from New York to Sao Paulo to Tokyo. These festive gatherings--places where LGBTQ folks can celebrate who they are and how they feel—are filled with joy and rainbows. They are also one of the few times a year LGBT people can be truly visible.
By Rebecca Sereboff
As a child, I understood "Love your neighbor as yourself" to mean that I needed to respect my family, my friends, and my community. As I grew older, that community expanded to include more and more aspects of a diverse world; the concept of tolerance for all became the cornerstone for how I understood Judaism and how I honor my roots.
By Sue Tomchin
Journalist Elaine Weiss thinks of herself as well-read. She votes in every election and considers herself politically aware. But five years ago she realized there was a glaring gap in her knowledge.
By Steph Black
The Equal Rights Amendment is officially one state closer to being ratified into our Constitution thanks to the incredible work of the people of Illinois. Which means that there is one state left to go. Inch by inch, our country is moving the needle towards a more equal and just union.
By Leah Enelow
By portraying women more accurately and telling more stories from their perspective, movies and TV shows can elevate the way women are viewed by audiences and, consequently, how they are treated in society.
By Ariela Cohen
As a member of JWI's Young Women's Leadership Network I was fortunate to be able to attend The United State of Women (USOW) Summit that took place on May 5-6 in Los Angeles. The passion and commitment of the women I encountered galvanized me. I'm now ready to roll up my sleeves and get involved.
By Valerie Brown
This past weekend I joined a group of 15 people between the ages of 23 and 33 with Act Now Houston on a service/learning trip to Houston, Texas, to aid with Hurricane Harvey relief. Though the hurricane has disappeared from the news, rebuilding continues in Houston, primarily in low-income areas.
by Danielle Cantor
Before World War II, before she became a fashion icon, Judith Leiber, who died on Sunday, April 29, at age 97 - a few hours after the passing of her husband of 72 years - made high-end handbags in Budapest, Hungary.
Last week, we asked men why it's important to be leaders in their communities to support survivors and fight sexual assault. This week, we asked: How are you working to #ChangetheCulture to prevent sexual assault? The individuals you'll hear from below reaffirm that there are so many ways to advocate - creating cultural changes in the workplace, teaching children that they have control over their bodies, modeling healthy relationships, simply having a conversation about #MeToo - and more.
Men and boys have a critical role to play in responding to the #MeToo movement. For Sexual Assault Awareness Month, JWI asked men how they can be leaders in supporting survivors and the fight against sexual assault.
JWI believes engaging men and boys is a key component to ending gender-based violence. Our programs Boy to Mentsch, Green Light Go, Safe Smart Dating, #ChangeTheCulture, Ladies and Gentlemen, and Good Guys provide tools to promote healthy masculinity and facilitate discussions around sexual assault and harassment.
by Sue Tomchin
Psychologist Robin Stern is committed to empowering us to break free from the spell of manipulative relationships—whether in the public sphere or in personal lives. Her advice is something we all need to listen to.
On March 15, Stern spoke to an audience of over 200 shelter professionals taking part in one of JWI's monthly webinars, educating them about the signs of gaslighting and how they can help clients recover from its effects.
by Rabbi Richard Hirsh
What an odd moment in American cultural history surrounds this coming season of Purim. The opening chapters of the Megillah are replete with narratives that resonate in contemporary terms. A husband orders his wife to appear wearing her royal diadem — and, in the midrashic imagination, "nothing else" — for the amusement of his banquet guests, none of whom speak to the inappropriate and degrading demand.
In the midst of all the advertisements that tell us we should want chocolate, jewelry, and flowers, let's take a moment to think about some gifts we'd really like for Valentine's Day: equal pay, paid family, leave, and the end of the patriarchy all come to mind. (But also, feel free to send any unwanted chocolate our way.)
Rumors are swirling on social media and tabloids following the news that a popular reality TV show may be canceled due to alleged sexual misconduct. We don't know exactly what happened, but we do know someone should have stopped it.
Last week, JWI supporters attended the D.C. premiere of Roe at Arena Stage. The production explored the history of the landmark Supreme Court case, and the ongoing battle for safe, affordable, and accessible abortion care.


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The Den Team wanted to share what we have been doing in the Yurt in our group activity sessions this week. Our activities have been great examples of just how much learning comes from having fun!
We have been talking about shapes, learning their names and identifying them in our environment. The Yurt is a fantastic space in which to do this, as there are so many shapes to discover; circular windows in the roof and sides, diamond shapes in the wooden wall trellis, rectangular tables and door, semi-circular pieces of wood on the table, and oval leaves. We also talked about the shapes on the mats we sit on, learning their names and finding brilliant ways to describe unfamiliar shapes (one child called a hexagon "a circle with sides!") and then we discussed who had the same shapes on their mats and who had different ones. We also played a game where we ran around the circle of mats, and they all tried to squeeze onto the correct shape when someone shouted "circle!..triangle!..square!"
The children demonstrated wonderful creativity and imagination when they took it in turns to describe what some of our different shaped objects could become. We passed pine cones, pieces of wood and leaves around, and thought of some brilliant ideas; a semi-circular piece of wood, for example, became a boat, a hat, a steering wheel and a bouncy castle!!
One group of children collected sticks from the paddock and we laid them in a long line in the Yurt. The children then followed instructions to pick up big, little, long, short, pointy, smooth, tiny, enormous or round sticks. Lots of children also enjoyed our 'leaf challenge,' where we placed sets of four leaves on the floor, and the children identified the one they thought was different from the rest, using size or shape criteria. We also guessed how many leaves were in a pile, and then checked by counting them, and some children chose to make great leaf patterns with all the different shapes!
It was great to see the children participating in all the challenges so enthusiastically! As with all our other activities, the children feel they are having fun and playing games (and are delighted when we tell them how clever we think they are!), but the amount of mathematical knowledge, understanding, problem-solving and reasoning achieved by all the Den children this week from these activities has been truly spectacular!