text:
Aloe vera is one of the oldest known medicinal herbs with
a history of use that spans thousands of years. Today, aloe
vera is cultivated and used in a large variety of commercial
preparations. It is an economic driver in the food, dietary
supplement, and personal care industries worldwide. The
two main commercial materials derived fromaloe vera are
aloe vera juice and aloe latex. Aloe vera juice is used for
various dietary, cosmetic, and medical purposes such as
burn treatment, wound healing, and skincare. It is available
in several forms including liquid juice, juice powder,
and concentrates. Aloe latex was formerly recognized as
an over-the-counter (OTC) laxative drug in the United
States. It has seen limited use in dietary supplements as
a laxative and in the personal care industry as a skin
Confusion among consumers, researchers, and regulatory
bodies has arisen from the fact that products from
aloe latex are often referred to as simply "aloe" or "aloe
juice" (including in pharmacopoeias and other official
documents around the world), which is physically, chemically,
and biologically distinct from products made from
the charcoal filtered whole leaf or inner leaf aloe vera juice.
These latex-free juice products represent the vast majority
of aloe products on the market. Regardless, the prominence
of, interest in, and use of aloe vera products for
centuries attests to the plant's myriad value and benefits.
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. is one of more than 400 known Aloe
species in the Asphodelaceae family, though it is sometimes
classified in Aloaceae. Because most aloe species
are indigenous to Africa, it is most likely that aloe vera
also originated from that continent. However, because of
its now worldwide cultivation, its origin is difficult to establish.
Linnaeus classified aloe vera as the "true aloe"
hence the name "vera," meaning true in Latin. Although
it has also been known as Aloe barbadensis, Aloe chinensis,
Aloe indica, Aloe vulgaris, and others, A. vera (L.) Burm.
f. has precedence (1). Its standardized common name is
"aloe vera" though it has also been called Barbados aloe,
Curac¸ao aloe, true aloe, West Indian aloe, Ghrita kumari,
or simply aloe (2).
The plant is cactus-like in appearance with succulent
leaves that grow in a spiral form from a basal rosette
(Fig. 1). An inflorescence is produced annually (typically
December through March) with yellow flowers in a trident
configuration from a single central stalk with many
flowers in each of the three branches. Aloe vera does not
normally reproduce from seeds but from offshoots often
called "pups" that grow out from the mother plant. When
the green outer rind of the leaves is cut or damaged, a
bitter yellow exudate from pericyclic tubules located between
the outer rind and the inner leaf is released. This
sap is commonly referred to as "aloe latex" (3) and contains
several anthraquinone glycosides that have powerful
stimulant laxative properties.
When the rind is completely removed, a semitransparent,
semicrystalline gel-like layer composed of large
thin-walled parenchyma cells is revealed. This inner leaf
material is often called "aloe gel," or "inner leaf fillet,"
because of its similarity in shape to a fish fillet. When
crushed, it produces a very viscous fluid usually containing
approximately 98.5% water. The solids are composed
mainly of polysaccharides and other carbohydrates,
pectin, and organic acids.
As mentioned earlier, aloe latex–derived products
are used as a laxative agent and the processed leaf or
inner leaf is often employed topically for the treatment
of burns and injury. More recent applications range from
skin-moisturizing agents to the management of cancers in
animals to impregnation in articles of clothing and mattresses
for its softening and moisturizing properties. Aloe
vera juice is also orally ingested to manage digestive ailments
and for its immune-modulating activities and is
sold worldwide in beverage form as a food-based drink
product available in various flavors. Aloe vera is also used
widely in Ayurvedic medicine (4).
Aloe vera is cultivated in subtropical regions around the
globe for commercial use and is widely grown by indoor
and outdoor plant enthusiasts as an ornamental plant because
of its hardiness and beauty. The species is resistant
to most insect pests and needs very little maintenance
or care to flourish, given appropriate temperature
conditions (5).
Because of its very low inner leaf solid content of
0.5% to 1.5%, aloe vera plants are highly susceptible to
freezing, which causes extensive damage, even killing
them when the temperature falls below 32◦F. For this reason,
commercial cultivations are typically carried out in
warm weather areas (USDA zones 8–11). Aloe vera is the
most cultivated species of the various Aloe species because
it produces the largest, thickest leaves and therefore yields
the greatest amount of juice. It is cultivated extensively in
removing most of the outer, lower, older leaves. Typically one to
four leaves are removed at a time per plant per harvest.
This way it is possible to obtain three to six harvests in a
year depending on how many leaves are collected from
each plant at harvest.
Cultivation practices for the industrial production
of aloe extracts made from the yellow latex sap are radically
different from those used to grow aloe vera for juice.
In the case of sap production, plants are not irrigated
and are grown in arid regions. The leaves turn brown
and thin under these conditions but when cut produce
the maximum amount of an anthraquinone glycoside–
rich latex, the principal constituents of which are the
compounds known as "aloins A and B." The sap exudates
are collected and further processed to produce
two main products, aloe latex concentrate also known as
"aloin paste" and a product commercially known as "aloin
spray dried."
The leaf of aloe vera is normally described as consisting of
three major parts that are used in commercial products: the
outer mesophyll (rind or cuticle), the interior parenchyma
(inner leaf, gel or gel fillet, inner gel, inner leaf gel fillet),
and the aloe latex (sap, bitter element, yellow sap, yellow
latex). Researchers, raw material manufacturers, and finished
goods manufacturers have utilized all three plant
parts separately or in combination for aloe vera research
and in the formulation of consumer products.
Outer Mesophyll (Rind)
Aloe vera rind or cuticle is the site of photosynthesis and
primarily consists of cellulose, monosaccharides, water
soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll, amino
acids, proteins, and lipids.
Interior Parenchyma (Inner Leaf)
Aloe vera inner leaf is the colorless, mucilaginous
parenchyma of the aloe vera plant leaf consisting of
water, monosaccharides, water-soluble carbohydrates,
water-soluble polysaccharides, and water-insoluble fibrous
pulp. The compound -(1–4)-acetylated mannan,
a polysaccharide also known as "acemannan" or "acetylated
polymannose," is widely considered to be the biologically
most important component of the inner leaf. After
removal of fibrous pulp from the inner leaf, the resulting
juice contains about 0.5% to 1.5% solids.
Histological examination of aloe vera inner leaf pulp
has shown it to be composed of large cells made up of 16%
cell walls, about 1% microparticles, and 83% of a viscous
gel on a dried weight basis. The carbohydrate portion
of each of these components was distinct, with the cell
walls composed of 34% galacturonic acid (an unusually
high level), the microparticles composed of galactose-rich
polysaccharides, and the liquid gel contained mannan (6).
These findings showed that different pulp structures are
associated with different polysaccharides and may therefore
confer different biological activities.
Aloe Vera
Harvest of the
leaf or the
whole plant—
root not used
Cleaning and
sanitation of
the leaves
Reduction of
the leaves to a
Removal of
the insoluble
pulp and rind
Enzymatic treatment to
reduce viscosity
(not all manufacturers)
Charcoal filtration step to
remove phenolic compounds
(not all manufacturers)
Reduction of
microbial load by
Preservation and packaging
Reduction of water content to
increase the percent juice solids
or to produce juice powder
Flowchart 1 Aloe vera whole leaf processing.
Aloe Latex (Aloe Sap, Aloe Bitters)
Aloe latex is a yellow-green bitter exudate that contains
the anthraquinone glycosides aloins A and B, formerly
known as "barbaloin" and "isobarbaloin," respectively.
The aloin content of aloe latex changes with the season
and the age of the leaf but usually makes up 10% to 25%
of the dried latex by weight. Products made fromaloe latex
have been used historically as a laxative. The source plant
is most commonly Aloe ferox from Africa or Argentina.
Aloe Vera Juice
Aloe vera juice can be manufactured from raw leaves in
two ways-–from the entire leaf or from only the inner leaf
material. In both cases, the leaves are first processed to
remove the side thorns and tips. For aloe vera juice made
from the entire leaf, the leaves are macerated in a grinder
into what is commonly called "guacamole" and then further
processed by enzymatic treatment (usually with cellulase)
to break up cell walls and then charcoal filtered to
remove anthraquinones and other phenolic constituents.
The resulting aloe vera juice is commonly referred to as
"filtered aloe vera juice" or "purified whole leaf aloe vera
juice." See flowchart 1 for more detail.
When creating juice from only the inner leaf material,
the inner leaf is separated from the outer rind either
manually with a knife or by machine and then washed to
rinse away any aloe latex present. The remaining material
is crushed and further processed to produce the aloe vera
juice. See flowchart 2 for more detail.
At this stage, regardless of starting material, the
now-processed aloe vera juice is typically called "single strength."
The juice from the leaf or inner leaf can also be
further processed to produce concentrates and powders
and are often spray or freeze dried. Some heat is usually
applied in the industrial production of aloe vera juice to
deactivate enzymes that would break down the mannans
into oligosaccharides and simple sugars. Heating also
serves to control the normal microbial load present on the
plant. Enzymatic treatment can be used to further break
down cell walls, with filtration removing any remaining
insoluble fiber. The resulting filtered juice contains all the
major groups of components from the original aloe vera
inner leaf.
Aloin-Rich Materials
The commercial production of aloin-rich materials starts
with the specialized cultivation practices mentioned earlier.
In contrast to aloe juice production, the leaves are
Leaf harvest
Cleaning and sanitation of the leaves
Removal of most of the rind
eduction of fillet to puree
Removal of the insoluble pulp and rind Enzymatic treatment to
reduce viscosity
Reduction of microbial load by pasteurization
Preservation and packaging
Reduction of water content to increase the percent juice solids or to produce juice powder
Dicing/slicing of fillet typically for use in beverage or food, the pulp is not removed
Reduction of microbial load by pasteurization
Preservation and packaging
Aloe vera inner leaf processing.
Mannan is a generic name for polysaccharides that are
polymers of the sugar mannose. In aloe vera juice, the
mannose moieties are connected by -(1–4) linkages,
which are partially substituted with acetate units and with
galactose-rich side chains on the mannose backbone. This
-(1,4)-acetylated-polymannose material is also known by
other names such as "aloverose" and "acemannan"; the
latter is also a name given to a proprietary substance
covered by many patents (7) and has been assigned as a
generic name by the United States Adopted Names Council
(8). It is based on the chemical name as it refers to the
acetylated mannan found in all aloe vera inner leaf fillets
(Fig. 3).
Acemannan is not sold as a pure material; however,
many commercial products contain varying amounts of it
depending on the processing of the aloe vera leaf as mentioned
earlier. The therapeutic properties of aloe vera juice
have been largely attributed to its polysaccharide component
and acemannan in particular. This high-molecularweight
material is perhaps the most studied component
of the aloe vera plant aside from the anthraquinone glycosides.
Many industrial methods have been developed
to stabilize the aloe vera juice and prevent polysaccharide
degradation. Drying the juice at temperatures over 60◦C
has been shown to cause deleterious changes in acemannan
and also pectin from the cell walls (9).
Analysis of 32 commercial products showed wide variations
in polysaccharide content when compared by molecular
weight (10), which was attributed to different manufacturing
procedures. A second study of nine commercial
powders used a method that hydrolyzed the mannan into
mannose as a rapid way to measure the total polysaccharide
content in the powder. One sample was found to have
an abnormally high concentration of free glucose, four
showed signs of spoilage, and all but three were found to
have low levels of polymannose present (11). Both studies
found all samples to have a significantly lower amount
of aloins than the raw unwashed inner leaf fillet, with a
high of 16 ppm of aloin A found in one sample in one of
the studies. Because of the widespread use of aloe vera
juice in personal care products, a voluntary industry limit
of 50ppm aloin content for use in cosmetics as a topical
agent has been established (12).
Manyof the biological properties of aloe vera have been attributed
to acemannan. This compound has been studied
fraction demonstrated wound healing activity (17),
suggesting that more than one aloe compound could be
useful in treating both inflammation and wounds.
Skin Moisturizing
Aloe vera applied topically has a moisturizing effect on
skin (18) and has been used for this purpose and as a
conditioning agent.
Antidiabetic Activity
Rodent studies have shown blood glucose regulating activity
of an aloe vera alcoholic extract (19) and processed
aloe vera inner leaf juice (20), suggesting its utility in treating
non–insulin-dependent diabetes.
Antitumor Activity
Acemannan has shown significant antitumor activity via
immune system activation. In a mouse model, IP injection
of acemannan at the time of implantation of sarcoma cells
resulted in a 40% survival rate in the treated animals versus
0% of the controls, most likely because of the production
of monokines from macrophage peritoneal stimulation.
The data suggested that this acemannan-stimulated
synthesis "resulted in the initiation of immune attack,
necrosis, and regression of implanted sarcomas in mice"
(21). A study involving acemannan treatment as an adjunct
to surgery and radiation in confirmed fibrosarcoma
in dogs and cats showed tumor shrinkage in one-third
of the animals after four to seven weeks of treatment administered
by intraperitoneal and intralesional injections
(22). An earlier study by the same group showed similar
results (23).
Studies on Aloin-Rich Materials
Aloin-rich extracts derived from aloe latex belong to the
stimulant laxatives drug class. Aloins are inactive until
deglycosylated by intestinal flora to form aloe-emodin, the
putative active compound (24). Their mechanism of action
is believed to involve increasing peristalsis and water accumulation
in the colon (25). Aloe latex has been subjected
to a human clinical trial as a laxative in combination with
other ingredients (26).
The potential toxicities of aloin and its metabolites
are not well established though studies have shown it
does not promote colon cancer in a mouse model (27) and
induces cell changes that could be a sign of anticancer
activity (28). Selective activity against certain cancers has
also been demonstrated by aloe-emodin, a metabolite of
aloins A and B (29,30).
Wound Healing
Although one study showed a delay in healing wound
complications after cesarean delivery or gynecological
surgery following treatment with "aloe vera dermal
wound gel" (31), another recorded a 6-day statistically
significant reduction (from 18 to 12 days) in the healing
time of partial thickness burns. A systematic review of
the literature for the use of topical aloe vera in treating
burn wounds included four controlled clinical trials involving
371 patients. A meta-analysis based on the time
for healing showed almost nine fewer days required for
the aloe vera–treated group over the controls (32). No specific
conclusions could be drawn because of the difference
in preparations and outcome measures. Further studies
with well-characterized materials were called for by the
authors as cumulative evidence tended to support the use
of aloe vera for the treatment of first- and second-degree
burns. A bioadhesive patch of an aloe vera preparation
was evaluated in an open uncontrolled trial for the management
of mouth ulcers in children with apparent good
results (33).
Ulcerative Colitis and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Ulcerative colitis is caused by a dysfunction of the immune
system (34). A 2004 clinical trial involving 44 patients
with mild or moderately active ulcerative colitis compared
100 mL twice-daily oral aloe vera juice treatment
with placebo for four weeks. The aloe vera–consuming
patients showed positive clinical responses more often
than placebo. Clinical remission was seen in 30% of the
active group, clinical improvement in 37%, and a clinical
response in 47% of patients compared with 7%, 7%,
and 14% in the placebo group, respectively. Histological
scores and the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index did
not change in the placebo group but decreased significantly
for those who consumed aloe vera. No significant
differences were seen between the two groups with regard
to laboratory values or sigmoidoscopic scores (35).
Ahuman clinical study using aloe vera for treatment
of irritable bowel in refractory secondary care patients
failed to show a benefit, though the authors could not rule
out that diarrhea-predominant patients were helped (36).
Antidiabetic Activity
Aloe dried sap has demonstrated hypoglycemic activity
in a study involving five patients with non–insulindependent
diabetes (37).
Antitumor Activity
A preliminary clinical trial on the use of orally administered
"aloe vera tincture" for untreatable metastatic solid
tumor patients with and without melatonin treatment
showed a significantly higher percentage of nonprogressing
patients in the group that received the aloe treatment
(50% vs. 27%, P < 0.05) (38). Another human trial on 240
patients treated with Aloe aborescens (used because of purported
immunostimulating activity from this plant owing
to its acemannan component) suggested that oral aloe
therapy may be a successful adjunct to chemotherapy in
patients with metastatic solid tumors. Tumor regression
rate and survival time were improved in this study (39).
No conclusions can be drawn from this study because
details on characterization of the test material were not
A four-week subacute oral toxicity study in mice administered
a freeze-dried aloe juice product reported no remarkable
subacute toxic effects but did note a decrease
in male kidney weights. The report also provided a review
of several adverse reaction case studies associated
with aloe vera (40). They ranged from skin irritation from
topical use to one report of acute hepatitis in a 73-yearold
female taking oral aloe vera capsules for constipation.
A second case of acute hepatitis involving a 26-year-old
man who had been drinking "aloe vera tea" has also been
reported (41).
The National Toxicology Program of the U.S. government
nominated "aloe vera gel" for study in 1998 (42).
No long-term carcinogenicity studies of aloe vera gel in
animals were identified at that time. NTP subsequently
chose to conduct a two-year carcinogenicity study on mice
and rats with a "whole leaf extract" (43) that includes a
considerable amount of latex aloins. The majority of aloe
vera juice products intended for long-term internal use
are either charcoal filtered whole leaf preparation or are
made from washed inner leaf juice with aloin concentrations
typically under 10 parts per million. The NTP
report was still in progress at the time of publication of
this chapter.
United States
Aloe and aloin are present in the first approved food additives
list published by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
in 1959. Although initially approved in the United
States in 1975 as an OTC drug to treat chronic constipation,
aloe latex is no longer approved for such use in the
United States as of May 9, 2002 (44). Standard quality tests
for aloe latex have been described in detail in many official
pharmacopeias including the United States Pharmacopeia,
Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and the European Pharmacopoeia,
though, as mentioned in the introduction, these texts typically
define aloe latex as simply "aloe" or incorrectly as
"aloe juice."
Aloe vera juice products can be labeled and marketed
as dietary supplements. Aloe latex may also be used
in dietary supplements in the United States with laxative
or constipation claims as long as such claims are not for
the treatment of chronic constipation.
Aloe vera inner leaf (called "aloe barbadensis") is eligible
for use as an active or excipient ingredient in Australia
in "Listed" medicines in the Australian Register of Therapeutic
Goods. Acemannan is approved as a component.
Components are not approved as substances for use in
their own right and can only be used in conjunction with
an approved source.
Some aloe vera juice and juice concentrate beverages
are viewed as "nontraditional foods" and not as "novel
foods" and there are some listed medicines described as
"aloe vera drinking gel" or as "aloe vera juice."
Aloe vera inner leaf, when included as a Natural Health
Product (NHP) active ingredient, requires premarket authorization
and a product license number for OTC human
use. Such products must comply with the minimum specifications
outlined in the current NHPD Compendium of
Monographs (45).
European Community
Aloe vera inner leaf was listed as "currently not on the
priority list" in the inventory of herbal substances for assessment
by the European Medicines Agency as of March
2009. There is an EU regulatory limit established for aloin
content of 0.1 ppm in orally ingested products based on
a flavoring regulation in which the aloin is defined as an
added ingredient as opposed to naturally occurring. The
International Aloe Science Council (IASC) (a trade association)
has taken a position that these regulations are not
applicable to aloe vera juice products.
Aloe vera juice is regulated as a food beverage product in
Japan and is not to contain more than 0.60 mg/kg of benzoic
acid. Various forms of aloe vera and extracts thereof
are used as components of functional food products or in
Foods for Specified Health Use such as in fortified waters
and fermented yogurt drinks.
South Korea
Aloe products, known as "edible aloe concentrate" and
"edible aloe gel," are regulated as food products by the
Korean Food and Drug Administration. Juice or concentrate
from the inner leaf or dried and powdered inner
leaf material containing not-less-than 30 mg/g of total
aloe polysaccharides is able to carry the health claim
of "smoothing the evacuation" on the basis of 20 to
30 mg delivered as aloe polysaccharides. Processed aloe
vera leaf or concentrates thereof, after removal of the
inedible parts, and containing 2.0 to 50 mg/g of anthraquinones
(as anhydrous barbaloin), is permitted to
make the same health claim at the specified daily intake.
Aloe vera is also one of the four botanical ingredients allowed
to make immune system enhancement claims in
South Korea.
Of the 400 known species of aloe, Aloe vera is the most
commonly used in commerce and is cultivated in many
different areas of the world. The plant yields two raw
materials for use in various consumer products including
foods, dietary supplements, cosmetics, and drugs, namely
aloe vera juice and aloe latex. Aloe vera juice can be made
from processing either the entire leaf or only the inner leaf
material. Aloe vera juice is often further processed into a
powder or concentrate.
Preliminary scientific evidence suggests that aloe
vera has therapeutic benefits; however, more studies need
to be conducted to definitively demonstrate efficacy. Consumers
should be aware and informed when buying aloe
vera products; although there are many quality products
on the market, there are also many products that may
bring little or no benefit to the user. The IASC maintains a
certification program using validated analytical methods
to determine and ensure products displaying the IASC
program seal contain aloe vera of a particular quality. It
is recommended that consumers verify that products displaying
the IASC seal are current participants in the IASC
certification program.
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32. Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Niruntraporn S, et al.
The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: A
systematic review. Burns 2007; 33(6):713–718.
33. Andriani E, Bugli T, Aalders M, et al. The effectiveness and
acceptance of a medical device for the treatment of aphthous
stomatitis. Clinical observation in pediatric age [in Italian].
Minerva Pediatr 2000; 52(1–2):15–20.
34. Kristensen NN, Claesson MH. Future targets for immune
therapy in colitis? Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets
2008; 8(4):295–300.
35. Langmead L, Feakins RM, Goldthorpe S, et al. Randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral aloe vera gel
for active ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;
36. Davis K, Philpott S, Kumar D, et al. Randomised doubleblind
placebo-controlled trial of aloe vera for irritable
bowel syndrome. Int J Clin Pract 2006; 60(9):1080–
37. Ghannam N, Kingston M, Al-Meshaal IA, et al. Antidiabetic
activity of Aloes: preliminary clinical and experimental observations.
Horm Res 1986; 24(4):288–294.
38. Lissoni P, Giani L, Zerbini S, et al. Biotherapy with the pineal
immunomodulating hormone melatonin versus melatonin
plus aloe vera in untreatable advanced solid neoplasms. Nat
Immun 1998; 16(1):27–33.
39. Lissoni P, Rovelli F, Brivio F, et al. A randomized study of
chemotherapy versus biochemotherapy with chemotherapy
plus Aloe arborescens in patients with metastatic cancer. In
Vivo 2009; 23(1):171–175.
40. Kwack SJ, Kim KB, Lee BM. Estimation of tolerable upper
intake level (UL) of active aloe. J Toxicol Environ Health A
2009; 72(21–22):1455–1462.
41. Curciarello J, De Ort ´ uzar S, Borzi S, et al. Severe acute hepatitis
associated with intake of Aloe vera tea [in Spanish].
Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 31(7):436–438.
42. Boudreau MD, Beland FA. An evaluation of the biological
and toxicological properties of Aloe barbadensis (Miller), Aloe
vera. J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev
2006; 24(1):103–154.
43. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/?objectid=BD4B0DDA-123F-
7908-7BE69A6EAB26471E. Accessed January 15, 2010.
44. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Status of Certain
Additional Over-the-Counter Drug Category II and III
Active Ingredients. Federal Register 2002; 67(90):31125–
45. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/prodnatur/
applications/licen-prod/monograph/mono aloe-eng.php.
Accessed January 15, 2010.


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Last month I got waayy behind on my usual challenges, one of which was the ODBD challenge. I decided to hop right to making this Any Hero card for the challenge this month. Unfortunately, the digi creator of the boots is a mystery. I was so inspired by Angie's stunning sample card that I decided to try something similar with the boot image to which I added the sentiment. Papers are by K&Co Americana.
I am most thankful for my DH and the time we spend together...in our simple life.

subset: commoncrawl


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How to Enjoy Museums with your Kid - Seven Tips for the Art Savvy Parent
I love children's museums for my daughter, but for myself, I need to see art that matters to me. I live in NYC for its culture, so as a parent, it is an important way for me and my family to spend our precious down time. So how do you marry your love of the arts with your love for spending time with your children? With a little preparation, I promise you that you can (almost) go back to your pre-baby cultural engagement.
I am a museum educator who deeply believes that through close looking, a dialogue between artist and observer can lead to a transformative experience. At work, you may find me singing with toddlers, guiding students to write a poem, leading an art making activity or passing out scents or textures that physically draw the viewer into the artwork. I know how to cultivate meaningful conversations and have a bag tricks to keep visitors actively engaged in this process. But, when it comes to visiting museums with my four-year-old, the experience is very different. We want to have fun family-time together.
1. Select exhibitions that you are passionate about.
This is your time just as much theirs, so it should be something that YOU want to see. In advance, talk about why you want to see this exhibition to generate excitement. Once inside the museum the way you approach looking at art is teaching your children how to explore a museum environment. Do you like to take selfies? Ask questions? Do you find yourself having "Aha moments"? Do you browse and like to feel the artwork in the space? Whatever your approach may be, you are modeling the skills for being a museum visitor.
2. Do your research and find free or cheap museums to visit with your kids.
Many museums have a suggested donation rather than an admissions fee. Others offer free days, though depending on the museum, they can get very crowded. This way, if your visit is under an hour, you won't feel like your time didn't match the value of your money spent.
3. Pack a museum bag before you go.
I have one that we just grab on our way out. Include paper for sketching and colored pencils (no pens or markers). You need an art telescope - trust me! You can decorate a toilet paper roll as a way to prepare for a museum visit or you can just roll up a sheet of paper. With this very simple tool, kids search and see details you would have never noticed without it. Paint sample swatches are a great way to search for colors. Once in the museum, your child will want to add a map, brochures and family guides. Use the maps to encourage map reading. Use all the materials to keep their hands occupied and not touching the artwork.
4. Before you visit the museum, go the playground.
(This is essential!) Run, climb, do all the things you can't do in a museum. Next to the Met is an ancient Egyptian themed playground. Mount Prospect Park is next to the Brooklyn Museum, and a jog on the Highline will take you directly to the Whitney Museum of American Art. Kids need to release their highly active physical energy before using it to focus.
5. Find the kid-friendly spaces.
While it is more grand to walk up the stairs at the Met, go through the Education entrance on the ground floor at 81st street. The admissions line will be short. The bathrooms, with many stalls, are right there, along with an open space where kids can snack, run around and decompress. Next to the Education Center is the Nolan Library, which has a great children's section with books in numerous languages, all centered on art and they offer storytime several days a week.
The Jewish Museum offers thought provoking exhibitions that connect, albeit sometimes loosely, to Jewish culture. Their website is particularly useful for helping visitors to plan their time in the Museum. A little difficult to find on the site though, is The Archaeology Zone a space where kids can explore artifacts through hands-on activities and play.
Visiting MoMA, a great place to begin with your child is in the Art Lab which is full of activities, toys and art making opportunities.
6. Create genuine connections.
As I said earlier, museums are not designed with young children in mind. The work of us as parents is to help our children to connect to the art. Be silly: pose like statues. Search for things that are interesting for them: animals, colors, golden frames. Tell stories if you know them or make them up based on what you see. Always have pencils for drawing. Many museums provide family guides with activities and conversation prompts use them to help you explore art together.
7. The shorter the visit, the better it will be.
Personally, I don't spend more than two hours in a museum, so with my daughter, I plan on an hour or so. It's most important for your kids to have a positive experience. If they are museum-weary after twenty-five minutes, it's time to go (or at least take a break in the cafe). Your visits will gradually become longer as they become excited, confident and comfortable in museums.
Finally just get out and go! Go because you love art and are curious. Go because it's raining out or because you've been to the zoo too many times. Go to see things that no one in your family has seen. Go because you have out-of-town guests to entertain. Go because you are a New Yorker; it's what we do.
About the author:
Kristin Scarola is a museum educator and consultant who provides experiences for museum visitors that are accessible, engaging and informative with an emphasis on the power of creativity to enliven, transform and inspire. Kristin specializes in early childhood and family programming, while working with a range of audiences including school groups, access, and educators. She has taught at numerous New York City cultural institutions including the Museum of Modern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Brooklyn Museum Kristin supports pre-service teachers at the Borough of Manhattan Community College as an adjunct professor. When she's not teaching, Kristin enjoys yoga, making art, hiking and, yes, exploring museums with her husband and daughter.


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Flawsome Jem Hemp based Recipe Books
Flawsome Jem's Flawsome Healthy Recipe Book:
-including my nutrition guide, top tips and planners to help you succeed even more!
All my recipes are:
- Easy to Follow Recipes
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- Drinks
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I have recently updated my recipe book to include nutrition advice, my tips tips and blank planners to help you succeed as easily as possible.
A selection of Flawsome Jem's own Hemp based Recipes infused with CBD.
Learn more about CBD, how to cook with CBD and the best products to use.
Also includes Selfcare Tips and Ideas, Blank planners and journal to help you succeed even more.
Flawsome Healthy Snacks Recipe Book:
A selection of my favourite healthy snacks and self care and affirmation ideas, also includes my blank planners and journal pages and more to help you succeed on your healthy journey.
Sneaky peek inside my Hemp Recipe Book.
As I love and believe in the health benefits of hemp so much. I use hemp so much, in lots of my recipes, so I thought I'd create a recipe book of just hemp based recipes.
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Also includes my self care and affirmation pages, meal and workout planners and my journal page to help you get some plans in place and help you succeed even more.
Sharing some client love about my Recipe Books:
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You're Flawsome!
Lots of love,
Please ask any questions you may have about my Hemp based Recipe Books via the form below:


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Apr 28, 2013
It's All About Choice
5 comments:
Salam SueReplyDelete
hope u doing well and
every things is under control...
Its all about choice you made that made the different in you and someone around you. As for me...when come to choices..i always took the road less travel...as Robert Frost said in his poem - The Road Not Taken.ReplyDelete
TWO roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth; 5
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same, 10
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back. 15
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
All the best with whatever choice you made.


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Since the collaboration and intellectual property sharing of our Water Neutral Pool Program with the South African Pool & Spa Association last year, the benefits of this innovative water-saving initiative are now being recognised and adopted internationally.
The drought in South Africa's Western Cape Region was so severe, it was having a negative impact on their swimming pool industry, so much so that there was a proposal from the City of Cape Town council to put an indefinite ban on the construction and installation of all new swimming pools.
South Africa is by nature a water scarce region and in recent years, climate change has caused several droughts around the country. These conditions continue to affect a great many pool owners. The Western Cape in particular continues to face a severe drought, the most extreme in more than 100 years.
The members of South Africa's National Spa & Pool Institue (NSPI) have an innate respect for water and therefore launched this Water Neutral Pool initiative to encourage all pool owners to convert their existing pools to become Water Neutral.
All NSPI Members highly recommend that new pool owners follow the criteria to meet the standards of a Water Neutral Pool. They promote the important fact that owning a Water Neutral Pool will not only save water but will also minimise costs through reduced chemical, energy and water use.
This success story illustrates how globally, we can all help to preserve our most valuable resource - water. And how pool ownership and conservation can easily and successfully go hand-in-hand. The Italian industry have also reached out to SPASA Victoria for assistance around water conservation for residential pools and are also adopting the Victorian program.
To see how South Africa's National Spa & Pool Institute has implemented SPASA Victoria's 'Water Neutral Pool Program' click HERE


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Grand Central Architectural Drawing In 19th Century Etching Style
Each of 24 prints were hand colored and drawn upon for 24 corporate art collectors. I shared my unique vision of Grand Central's astonishing decorative elements with all Tour participants, then showed them the actual architecture that inspired me.
Made in New York City, NY
By Mark Venaglia Artworks
All of our products are handmade
by expert makers.
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Each week, expert artisans from across the country become makers on CustomMade.
Every maker has a story. Be a part of Mark Venaglia Artworks's story by placing an order, leaving a review, and seeing your review appear here.


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Hyssop essential oil100% pure therapeutic grade
Botanical name: Hyssopus officinalis
Plant part: leaves & flowers
Method of extraction: steam distillation
Origin: Bulgaria
Description: This shrub decorates the Mediterranean area. It is about 60cm high and very attractive to bees. It has a woody, hairy stem, small lance-shaped green leaves and purple-blue flowers.
Colour: pale yellow green
Uses: Hyssop is known to help ease sore throats.
Note: top
Aroma: sweetly medicinal scent
History: Already well known in ancient times, hyssop was referred to in the Bible for its cleansing effect in connection with plague, leprosy and chest ailments. Hyssop was used for purifying sacred places and as a strewing herb in the Middle Ages to ward off lice.
Important note: The information provided is for educational purposes only. It is not considered complete and is not guaranteed to be accurate.
Cautions: Very potent and not to be used on sensitive skin. Avoid use during pregnancy.
General safety information: Do not take any oils internally.
Do not apply undiluted essential oils, absolutes, CO2s or other concentrated essences onto the skin.
Essential oils should be avoided in pregnancy due to their possible skin sensitising effects.
If you are pregnant, epileptic, have liver damage, have cancer, or have any other medical problem, use oils only under the proper guidance of a qualified aromatherapy practitioner.
Use extreme caution when using oils with children and give children only the gentlest oils at extremely low doses.
It is safest to consult a qualified aromatherapy practitioner before using oils with children.
A skin patch test should be conducted prior to using an oil that you've never used before.
Everyday, super simple uses for essential oils
Essential oils are used to fragrance soap (2%-3%), balms (0.5%), skin creams and butters (0.5%).
Other uses
Make your own perfumes
Hyssop essential oil
100% pure therapeutic grade
Garlic essential oil
Lavender essential oil, India
Oregano essential oil
Peppermint essential oil


text: Here is Nicole picking up her brand new 2017 Mazda 3 Sport from Sales Associate, Anthony Basile. Nicole currently upgraded from her early model Ford Focus. This is her first new vehicle. She was after a vehicle that gave her the reliability but didn't compromise the "fun factor" when it came to the drive. The Mazda 3 Sport was the perfect fit. Congratulations again and welcome to the West Coast family.


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Chat n' Chew
With fun, kitschy, Americana décor and a comfort-food-only menu, Chat n' Chew is just the spot when you've got a craving for Mom's mashed potatoes and she's 1,000 miles away. Serving American classics such as meatloaf, chicken pot pie, and a "TV dinner" (served on one of those divided trays, just like the frozen ones), this Union Square standby feels authentically homey. Specialties like the Thanksgiving on a Roll (turkey, gravy, and stuffing) and Coca Cola Cake keep regulars coming back for more.


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Numbers can lie -- yet they're the best first step in determining whether a stock is a buy. In this series, we use some carefully chosen metrics to size up a stock's true value based on the following clues:
- The current price multiples.
- The consistency of past earnings and cash flow.
- The amount of growth we can expect.
Let's see what those numbers can tell us about how expensive or cheap Affymetrix
The current price multiples
First, we'll look at most investors' favorite metric: the price-to-earnings ratio. It divides the company's share price by its earnings per share (EPS). The lower the P/E, the better.
Then we'll take things up a notch with a more advanced metric: enterprise value to unlevered free cash flow. This tool divides the company's enterprise value (basically, its market cap plus its debt, minus its cash) by its unlevered free cash flow (its free cash flow, adding back the interest payments on its debt). As with the P/E, the lower this number is, the better.
Analysts argue about which is more important -- earnings or cash flow. Who cares? A good buy ideally has low multiples on both.
Affymetrix has a negative P/E ratio and an EV/FCF ratio of 8.9 over the trailing 12 months. If we stretch and compare current valuations with the five-year averages for earnings and free cash flow, we see that Affymetrix has a negative P/E ratio and a five-year EV/FCF ratio of 19.7.
A positive one-year ratio of less than 10 for both metrics is ideal. For a five-year metric, less than 20 is ideal.
Affymetrix has a mixed performance in hitting the ideal targets, but let's see how it stacks up against some of its competitors and industry mates.
1-Year P/E
1-Year EV/FCF
5-Year P/E
5-Year EV/FCF
Beckman Coulter
Life Technologies
Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's; NM = not meaningful.
Numerically, we've seen how Affymetrix's valuation rates on both an absolute and relative basis. Next, let's examine …
The consistency of past earnings and cash flow
An ideal company will be consistently strong in its earnings and cash-flow generation.
In the past five years, Affymetrix's net income margin has ranged from -118.8% to 13.6%. In that same time frame, unlevered free cash flow margin has ranged from -13.7% to 21.8%.
How do those figures compare with those of the company's peers? See for yourself:
Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's; margin ranges are combined.
In addition, over the past five years, Affymetrix has tallied up one year of positive earnings and three years of positive free cash flow.
Next, let's figure out …
How much growth we can expect
Analysts tend to comically overstate their five-year growth estimates. If you accept them at face value, you will overpay for stocks. But even though you should definitely take the analysts' prognostications with a grain of salt, they can still provide a useful starting point when compared with similar numbers from a company's closest rivals.
Let's start by seeing what this company's done over the past five years. Because of losses, Affymetrix's past EPS growth rates aren't meaningful. However, Wall Street's analysts expect future growth rates of 7.5%.
Here's how Affymetrix compares with its peers for trailing five-year growth (Illumina also has an unmeaningful trailing growth rate because of losses):
Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's; EPS growth shown.
And here's how it measures up with regard to the growth analysts expect over the next five years:
Source: Capital IQ, a division of Standard & Poor's; estimates for EPS growth.
The bottom line
The pile of numbers we've plowed through has shown us the price multiples that shares of Affymetrix are trading at, the volatility of its operational performance, and what kind of growth profile it has -- both on an absolute and a relative basis.
The more consistent a company's performance has been and the more growth we can expect, the more we should be willing to pay. We've gone well beyond looking at a negative P/E ratio, and we certainly see some choppy numbers. One bright spot is Affymetrix's low-to-moderate EV/FCF ratios. If you find Affymetrix's numbers or story compelling, don't stop here. Continue your due-diligence process until you're confident one way or the other. As a start, add it to My Watchlist to find all of our Foolish analysis.
If you want some more stock ideas, check out my recent article: "The Greatest Companies of 2020."


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Car Battery Delivery & Roadside Assistance App
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What is Carput?
Carput is a quick, safe and reliable car breakdown service in Malaysia. Our professionals will get you back on the road in 45 minutes from 7AM to 12AM 365 days a year.
Available in Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Johor Bahru, Ipoh, Seremban and Melaka.
As Featured On
Why Us?
Our services are quick, so you can get back to doing the more important things. Our average response time is 45 minutes.
Our reviews and ratings tell the whole story. We aspire to be reliable and trustworthy with a fully transparent approach in our services.
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We accept a variety of payment methods like cash, credit card and QRPay. Review the service after you get back on the road.
Car Battery
We stock only the best batteries in the market, with different warranty options. That way, there will always be a car battery suited for you.
Download the Carput App
Car breakdowns are unpredictable. Use the Carput app to request help quickly and accurately. You can even track the Carput professional when he's on the way.
Delivery Tracking, Transparent Car Battery Pricing. Only On the Carput AppOctober 3, 2019
Car breakdowns are unpredictable. Period. But, you can now request for help quickly and accurately using the Carput app. We believe in using technolog...
CARPUT Car Battery Brands Line-Up For Your Beloved CarSeptember 26, 2019
Not all cars are created equal! Their car batteries, too.Today, the car battery market space is filled with too many unfamiliar brands that you can co...
Malaysian Drivers Are Embracing This Disruptive Car Battery Delivery ServiceSeptember 18, 2019
Do you want to know the truth about Carput's car battery delivery service?You've probably came across some reviews about Carput. Some give...
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The Carput Club membership is designed for peace of mind. We are powering car owners and fleet managers with free 24/7 roadside assistance and exclusive deals and discounts.
Get a Carput Club membership from as low as RM50 per year.
Want to know more?


text: You've already seen me in action in the St. Joseph Hospital O.R. One of the other great experiences I had a week ago while filming a video for the St. Luke's Foundation was the opportunity to run the Jaws of Life. The clip below shows me running the cutting attachment on the Jaws.


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Street Address
215 Main St
Recomendado por 11 habitantes locales
Consejos de residentes locales
215 offers beer and wine along with panini sandwiches and bar snacks. This is a place where locals gather because there is often live music in the evenings.
The otherwise sedate town of Point Arena is defied by this joint that is buzzing with activity especially on the weekends when they have live music played by local artists and bands. They carry a very decent set of local brews on the tap and local wines by the glass, coupled with some delectable…
Music some nights, and sometime karaoke. Good sandwiches too. WEDNESDAY-SATURDAY 3PM-11PM | SUNDAY-TUESDAY 5PM-10PM | CASH 0R CHECK ONLY | 21 AND OVER ONLY 215main.com
Wine Bar featuring live acts and Panini sandwiches, including a BLT that is out of this world.


text:
And the winner of Cake Pops by Bakerella is:a Rafflecopter giveaway
Congrats Noreen! I'll be emailing you in a bit to get your address so I can send this awesome book along. Please send pics when you start using it! Such cute pops.
Thanks to all who entered and happy fall and baking!


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The New Yorker, March 25, 1944 P. 83
Editor's Note: THE LETTER FROM LONDON which appeared in our issie of Jan. 22nd contained the statement that Sir Richard Acland, the president of the Common Wealth Party, is an Army officer and a Common Wealth M. P. The facts are that Sir Richard is not an Army officer and is a in Parliament as a Liberal. He was confused with Lt. Hugh Lawson, who won a recent by-election at Skipton as a Common Wealth candidate. These absurd errors were the result of mechanical difficulties and one thing and another. We apologize to all concerned, including the author of the Letter.


text:
Serving Dallas and Fort Worth, TX
Whether you need a rollback tow truck for towing purposes or a pickup truck for everyday use, we have it all. Find the truck of your choice from our collection of domestic and foreign used trucks. Count on the professionals at Alessa Auto Sales LLC to help you find a used truck that's right for you.
Nissan Titan
Ford F-150
Chevrolet Silverado
Toyota Tundra
Ram 2500
From basic plans with a "no finance fee" to regular down payment plans, there's a suitable payment option for every buyer at our shop. Call us at 940-484-0388 if you're interested in buying used cars or SUVs.
Need help finding the right foreign used truck? Visit us at 811 S Locust Street and check out our showroom.


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Song At Police Charity Event Mocks Michael Brown's Death (Video)
A charity event for retired and current cops, including the LAPD, took a racist turn a week ago Monday when a singer crooned a parody of Michael Brown's death at an Elks Lodge in Glendale, California.
According to TMZ (video below), private investigator Gary Fishell used Jim Croce's classic tune "Bad, Bad Leroy Brown," but changed the lyrics to mock the unarmed teen who was slain in Ferguson, Missouri, back in August.
The Free Thought Project notes the lyrics included, "Michael Brown learned a lesson about a messin' with a badass policeman ... And he's dead, dead Michael Brown / Deadest man in the whole damn town / His whole life's long gone / Deader than a roadkill dog."
Fishell's lawyer told TMZ that his client now understands the song was "off color and in poor taste."
"He's a goofball who writes funny songs," added the attorney. "He thought the room would get a kick out of it."
Joe Myers, a retired LAPD Officer who ran the event, told TMZ, "How can I dictate what he [Fishell] says in a song? This is America. We can say what we want. This is a free America."
However, a trustee for the Elks Lodge countered, "It's deplorable and inappropriate and the Lodge will take disciplinary action against [Fishell] and possibly the people who organized this event. We don't stand for any racist things like this."
Sources: The Free Thought Project, TMZ
Image Credit: Jamelle Bouie


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Dec 9 | 2014
Avdi Grimm
- What do you do for work?
- What are you famous or infamous for?
- How did you get into programming with Ruby?
- What's your setup for writing code?
- Do you like working from home, office, coffee shop?
- Do you get up early, "normal", super late…?
- Are you a fan of sports / exercise?
- Do you have any tips against procrastination?
Avdi Grimm
Avdi Grimm's screencasts: Ruby Tapas
Ruby Rogues podcast with Avdi Grimm
Great ebook: Rake Task Management Essentials from Andrey Koleshko


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Firefighting Drones
Dear friends,
Although only five months young, dronologista blog has grown and needs a new attire.
As of 1st of September, dronologista.com moves to a new hosting, new address and slightly changes the appearance . Content will remain the same, and dronologista will continue to provide information about non-military drones only.
Firefighting is the act of extinguishing fires, with the goal of preventing loss of life and destruction of property and environment. It is one of the most dangerous occupations and many firefighters are losing their lives in the line of duty every year. It is a profession where any reliable technological innovation that can mitigate the risk of firefighting is quickly adopted. Dronologista already had an article about the experimental firefighting drone, Skybarge, but as it is still in experimental phase, today we'll focus on UAV and equipment that is already being put to use.
Two years ago, Al Jazeera English uploaded a video on their Youtube channel about a firefighting unit in Germany using a drone to increase situational awareness. The price of the drone mentioned in the video was ~$150.000.
Thanks to the Moore's law, similar equipment today can be acquired with much lower budget. One of the most advanced players in this market, Danish Sky Watch, offers Huginn X1 quadcopter with both thermal and visible spectrum camera, with a price tag not quite available, but nowhere near $150.000 mentioned above. However, there are cheaper options, and if you are having technical skills, you can buy M1-D camera at Ebay, and attach it to your multicopter, to get a very useful piece of equipment for less than $30.000.
To see how useful it is, check the video below, and it will be clear how much difference it makes to have a FLIR camera in the sky.
Having a possibility to detect where the heat comes from, what are structural weak-spots of a burning building and ultimately to spot humans hiding from the blaze obscured by the thick smoke, is in firefighting context, priceless.
Although human life is invaluable, it is unfortunate fact that insurance companies have put a price tag on it ($7.400.000 if you were wondering, according to this Business Insider article). That means that even if a fire department buys the most expensive drone available, equipped with the most advanced tools for firefighting, the return on investment will be equal to the real value of life – infinite.
Videos and pictures courtesy of Al Jazeera, Sky-Watch, Roswell Flight Test Crew and FLIR.


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This glass bottle holds tiny color beads and is sealed with a cork.
The leather band on the necklace is adjustable.
Great for giving as a gift!
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Resurrecting Freddie Mercury
Article by Aaron Haughton
The first look on the Bryan Singer directed Queen biopic, Bohemian Rhapsody, came yesterday in the form of Rami Malek rocking a Freddie Mercury power pose. And, I gotta say, Malek has the look down, but the true question is does he have the pipes?
It's been reported that the portion of the film devoted to the music will either utilize Malek's own instrument or recordings of Mercury himself, with a sound alike impersonator filling the space between. Malek told Entertainment Weekly, "We're going to use Freddie as much as possible and use myself as much as possible. I'm in Abbey Road [Studios] right now if that should say anything to you. I'm not working on my acting."
However, this still leaves another lingering question unanswered. Does this mean that we'll get the Queen biopic where Mercury dies in the middle?!
If you recall, Sacha Baron Cohen was slated to fill the Mercury jeans that Malek now inhabits, but left the project due to creative differences because the surviving members of the band wanted a majority of the film to focus on them. As Cohen told Howard Stern back in March of last year, the band stated that Mercury was to die in the middle of the film and the remainder would focus on "how the band carries on from strength to strength." To which Cohen said: "Listen, not one person is going to see a movie where the lead character dies from Aids and then you see how the band carries on."
Apparently, as Empire reported, Bohemian Rhapsody charts the dawn of the Queen, tracking their rise until the iconic performance at Live Aid in 1985 and ending six years before Mercury's death. Singer described his approach as a non traditional biopic, stating "It won't just be the dark Freddie story, but that being said, that also will be honored. It's about collaboration. It's a celebration." Whatever the hell that means.
Malek looks fine and dandy, but I'd personally like to see Cohen's more in depth exploration of Mercury's life, both in the bedroom and on the stage.
What do you think? Are you more JAZZed about the Queen film now that Malek is fronting the band? We want to know. Share your thoughts and feelings in the comments section below, and be sure to stay in the viddy well loop...because an untied knot is just a string!


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Well, I'm in the midst of my exhausting journey home, sitting in an airport, looking for something to do. I could sit in a coffee shop, but they're closed, I could do some shopping, but the stores are closed. It's late at night, and not much inside the airport is open. My day started... at 4pm on Jan 15th, when my alarm went off. I set it for then to get a few things done before work that night. When I work nights, I'm always a little short on sleep, because I rarely nap before my first night shift, so I tend to start with some sleep debt. Anyways, started at 4, worked a crazy night shift. 4 nurses on, and 3 patients that needed one-on-one nursing, with some other events to add to the mixture. None of us had any breaks. I was lucky to grab a cup of coffee and an apple while charting in between running in and out of my patient's room. Oh, I also got a handful of the microwave popcorn someone made. :D I love popcorn! Ahem. Anyways, crazy night, not a bad night though. We were busy but it was manageable, and it was my favorite charge nurse, and sometimes that makes all the difference. I left work, went home and did laundry, showered, had breakfast, packed, tidied the apartment, emptied garbages and perishables from the fridge, vacuumed, went to eat some lunch and my ride showed up. So I went to the airport after wolfing down the last of the leftovers that needed to get used up and threw the dishes in the full dishwasher and turned it on. Now hopefully I can return to a nice, clean, apartment. :D
It was a bit of a wait between check-in and boarding, and I almost fell asleep in the chair multiple times. Then a cold walk across the tarmac, with the sun already brushing the horizon.
I didn't even take off my jacket in the plane, it was COLD, even the inside surface was cold! (I had the window seat). But the food... well, I would have preferred the beef, but apparently I was dozing a bit when they came by, so my only option was salmon. I'm still tasting the salmon *insert shiver here*. And I have never seen such small asparagus! Half a centimeter thick by 3 centimeters long, if that. TINY! But hey, at least you get a normal meal. Which is another thing that makes it feel an awful lot like an international flight, which seems to be the only flights that feed you properly anymore. And later, they announced something about coming around with Bailey's Irish Cream, or Coffee with whipped cream. But then I realized I had heard wrong. They were all mixed into one drink. Mmmmmm! So good. Glad I'm flying with them on the way back! The plane landed in Ottawa just as the sun was setting...
Amazing what a difference in length of the days flying directly south can make!
I purposely gave myself a 3 hour layover in Ottawa, because I booked my tickets separately, and I really didn't want to miss a flight. (There's no guarantee a flight will make it out in the north. Just yesterday they had a blizzard and closed the airport.) So that was a long wait. I tried out the massage chairs. I don't think I'd buy one, too generic. But it did feel nice. I found a couch, but was too paranoid of sleeping through my flight departure to let myself sleep on it. So I walked around a bit, then connected to the internet. Oh, did I mention I got a cup of coffee? lol. Ya, so if you're counting, that's the third cup in less than 24 hrs. And I hadn't had any coffee since my last day housesitting, because I managed to break my coffee press a few weeks ago. So that's probably the one thing helping me to stay awake. Flight from Ottawa to Toronto is short, but I slept through the whole thing. Got here, wandered through some stores before they started closing on me. Now I sit among a bunch of very tired looking people. Some appear to be sleeping. There's some men speaking... ? Russian? Some women talking about wanting to get home to their own beds (I'm not eavesdropping, I've been included in the conversation.) etc. My flight's a little delayed. I think I'll get to Winnipeg around 1:30am. Which will feel like 2:30am for me due to time difference. And if you're counting, that means I'll be up for 34 1/2 hours straight, with a couple of short naps. The bed at my parent's will never have felt so good. Hope I'm not grouchy!


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Tuesday, February 15, 2011
On the Table.... Stormraven
Posted by Aventine at 10:00 PM
Labels: Current Projects, Lamenters
4 comments:
Cool man, good look!
I hate that top turret with a passion, are you gonna trim down the air ram like I've seen a few other blokes do?
- February 15, 2011 at 11:25 PM
- GDMNW said...
I'll buy your top turret. In fact I will buy anyone's top turrets. I think they're great.
Blacked out windows are awesome by the way. They look so mean.
- February 16, 2011 at 4:05 AM
- Thomas aka Goatboy said...
I built my regular - but awesome looking. I got my two done for Thursday - ZOOM ZOOM! I bet they die first turn every game haha.
- February 16, 2011 at 12:16 PM
Not bad, man. I like it. You going to put something in place for the air duct, or adjust the back spoiler in any way?
Plus, how will you paint yours? http://www.bolterandchainsword.com/index.php?showtopic=222278
- February 17, 2011 at 1:50 AM
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this fun family afternoon was at both of our favorite local park in the south san jose area. super dog-friendly and wide open fields to play baseball. we spent our afternoon running around, jumping off pretty much everything, and getting a mini workout in with a game of catch. this fun family session pretty much was full of fun, especially for a nine-year-old who wasn't sure what to expect with a photo shoot 🙂
Photos by Kim E is a Bay Area photographer that specializes in fun and unique sessions. If you're interested in a family, maternity and newborn session that's creative and caters to the uniqueness of your family and are located in the Bay Area/San Jose area – take a LOOK AROUND and let's CONNECT!


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U.S. stocks are relatively flat this morning, with the S&P 500 up about a point and the narrower, price-weighted Dow Jones Industrial Average down 0.21% as of 10:05 a.m. EDT.
Facebook gets a big "like" from investors
Shares of Facebook Inc (NASDAQ:FB) have surged more than a quarter this morning, hitting $33.40 — a level not seen since the day following its calamitous IPO. Fueling the demand for the shares is yesterday afternoon's upbeat earnings report.
Facebook Inc (NASDAQ:FB)'s "beats" on earnings and revenue are impressive, to be sure: During the second quarter, the social-networking company produced $0.19 of earnings per share against Wall Street expectations of $0.14, while revenue of $1.81 billion was well ahead of the $1.62 billion consensus estimate.
Beyond the fact that these numbers indicate solid growth, it's the way in which the growth was achieved that must be cheering investors. Indeed, Facebook Inc (NASDAQ:FB) appears to be on top of its transition to mobile — this was a substantial concern that surfaced in the wake of the IPO, weighing heavily on the shares. Mobile revenue accounted for 41% of total advertising revenue in the second quarter, up from 30% in the previous quarter.
Should you buy Facebook Inc (NASDAQ:FB) now? From a short-term perspective, it doesn't make sense to buy the shares after they've popped — indeed, the new information has been immediately factored into the price, and there is no advantage to be gained on a short-term basis in buying the shares now (traders, you've been warned!).
For a long-term, fundamental investor, this earnings report provides incremental information regarding the company's most recent performance and its current position, both of which, in turn, enable you to fine-tune your outlook for the company's expected future growth path.


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Connecticut residents often coexist with dogs, whether they belong to your neighbors, visiting family members, or friends. Unfortunately, dog attacks can happen to anyone at any time, even if you don't have a dog. Children are particularly susceptible. Loughlin FitzGerald, attorneys at law, are here to help you through the aftermath in the unfortunate event that your child is attacked by a dog.
Safety tips for the new driver in the family
One of the scariest times in a parent's life is watching as their child drives away in a car for the first time. To ease your fear as a parent with a new driver in the house and to help reduce your child's risk of a car accident, it is important to practice and discuss safe driving techniques. For instance, new drivers need to be aware of how to safely make turns, handle bad weather and drive through the school parking lot.
How can you protect yourself from night driving dangers?
Even knowing the dangers of driving at night, some Connecticut drivers still need to tackle the roads during these hours anyway. Knowing how to combat some of the dangers you face is going to be one of your best potential defenses.
What are the primary dangers of night driving?
As a resident of Connecticut, you know that it is sometimes impossible to avoid having to drive at night. So what do you do in those situations where night driving can't be avoided? Being prepared for the most dangerous scenarios is a good place to start.


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The mass shooting in Las Vegas has predictably reignited the gun control debate. Some lawmakers in Washington are again urging Congress to pass laws tightening gun restrictions. Idaho lawmakers have historically opposed such measures and seven years ago passed a law that they hoped would protect Idaho gun owners from stricter federal laws.
The Idaho Legislature in 2010 passed the law "Prohibition of Federal Regulation of Certain Firearms." The law declared that some guns completely manufactured in Idaho and that remain in Idaho are exempt from any future federal regulations.
In 2010, lawmakers behind the bill intended it to be a protection for Idaho gun owners in the event that Congress passed more restrictive firearms laws.
Some types of firearms, such as machine guns or rocket launchers, were excluded from the Idaho law and would still be under federal regulations. The law states firearms, firearms accessories, or any ammunition that was manufactured in Idaho and remained in Idaho fall outside any federal law or federal regulation.
However, constitutional law professor at the University of Idaho Shaakirrah Sanders say those protections may not hold up as intended.
"In general federal laws will exceed state laws, even state constitutional laws can be superseded by federal law," Sanders said.
In 2010, when some lawmakers reached out to the Idaho Attorney General's Office, Deputy Attorney General Ken Jorgensen warned lawmakers the statute was likely unconstitutional.
"Idaho seems to think that they can just say if it's made in Idaho it's not an interstate commerce. The interpretation of the Constitution clause does not support Idaho's position on that," Sanders said.
Jorgensen wrote that it's an issue that would have to be taken up by the U.S. Supreme Court.
"It's very hard to see a situation where section 3315A would somehow trump federal law without a court making a determination," Sanders said.
Congress has moved recently to loosen federal restrictions on silencers. The vote was expected to come this week. Sen. Mike Crapo's office tells KTVB the bill was tabled for the time being.


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Sign up for weekly updates from Golly Bard's twitten garden in Upperville, Virginia. Local, seasonal, and sustainably grown fresh cut flowers from early spring through autumn. Bunches available for purchase throughout the growing season and ready for pick up on Fridays - just in time for the weekend!
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There are two - useful anyway - possible responses to this latest assertion of John McDonnell. One is hollow laughter, the second is a more robust stream of Anglo Saxon. For what he's saying is that it doesn't really matter what government spends borrowed money upon, it's all still bound to make us richer.
By focusing on the cost of government borrowing (currently close to an all-time low, thanks to tiny interest rates) rather than the enormous social and financial returns on investing that money, the right creates a narrative that investment costs society rather than benefits it.
Lurking behind this is an assumption that a government cannot invest productively – the belief that government borrowing is akin to burning money. This is nonsense used to support the economic approach that has led our country to this pass. Very clearly, government investment can and should be used to support economic growth, as the OECD and others recommend – as indeed this Tory government, in some small way, is coming to recognise, committing a small amount of borrowing for investment. The meaningful question is whether that investment is wise, given the costs – rather than presuming that only costs exist.
Or as he's expanded upon:
Asked by BBC Radio 4's Today presenter Mishal Husain how much extra it would cost to service public debt under Labour, McDonnell would not give a figure, saying extra borrowing would "pay for itself".
The problem with this argument is that it is nonsense.
We can, dependent upon how Keynesian we want to be, make the argument that in a depression and the like then government spending upon near anything can make us all richer. It's not a view we subscribe to particularly but we'll acknowledge that it's out there. That isn't where we are though, is it? We're at or at least about full employment, there's little to no spare capacity in the economy. Thus a simple and pure increase in spending isn't the answer to whatever remaining problems we have - that would just cause inflation.
What is necessary for McDonnell's argument is that whatever the borrowing is spent upon is worth more than the cost of the borrowing. For purists we should also be insisting that it creates more value than alternative uses of the same money - opportunity costs or crowding out. This is possible, certainly. The amount spent upon enforcing property rights is the very basis of our having a functioning economy at all thus it's obviously true that some at least government spending passes this test.
But this isn't the hurdle which must be leapt. Rather, we need to know that the marginal spending will pass it. At which point we might look at the two major infrastructure projects currently under discussion, HS2 and the Swansea Lagoon. Both of which fail their cost benefit analyses. That is, they make us poorer, not richer. As they do so they clearly and obviously do not manage to pay back their construction costs, let alone the interest on the borrowings to finance them.
In the past this was also not true of the Edinburgh tram system, the Humber Bridge, the Tanzanian ground nut scheme and that multitude of other bright ideas that the political process has spent our money upon.
It is indeed theoretically possible that government can add value. It even does so, which is why we continue to have it. We've little to no evidence that this is true of the various building sets that politicians love so much. Therefore, how about not spending our money upon them?
After all the private sector will already be doing those things that are clearly and obviously identifiable as profitable....


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During our holiday we managed to make it to Co Decode in Swindon – a place that is highly recommend by many enthusiasts. Tucked away in a quiet industrial estate, I knew we had found something special purely by the DOOR! The decor on such small, seemingly irrelevant details such as this really excite me as a player, because it tells me a lot about the makers of the game. We were met by our game host Alex, who was really friendly.
With this game, there were 6 levels of difficulty which we were able to choose. The levels of difficulty are based on the amount of puzzles in the game. Alex was very good at judging which level we should work at, and he suggested level 2. At first, I must admit I was really unsure about this because I like to solve as much as possible, but I am surprisingly terrible at escape rooms despite having done a fair few! Whilst setting up the room he let us play a mini 5 minute game that was in the reception area. Let's just say my faith in Alex's judgements were restored because I was useless at it. Anyway.. the room…
Game Story
[Setting Description] Early 20th-century study belonging to your friend, Professor Oldervik Dunstan – a renowned archaeologist who works for the Ministry for Antiquities and Curiosities.
Despite travelling the world over to lead excavations, Oldervik usually finds time to keep in touch. This time, however, it has been almost six months since you received his last letter. Strangely, after enquiring at the Ministry it appears that nobody knows of Oldervik's current whereabouts. All you can find out is that he had been tasked with locating and excavating the tomb of an ancient ruler. According to legend, the burial chamber contains priceless artefacts including a mysterious statuette, which the Ministry is keen to acquire.
When a letter from Oldervik finally arrives it is unusually short and to the point, requesting that you attend his study to look after his cats. As far as you know, Oldervik does not have any cats; something is definitely wrong.
And so it is that you venture to Oldervik's private residence in search of answers…
The room, as described, did look just as you would imagine an Archaeologist's study. I'm acting on the presumption that all of the collected items were genuine, as everything was really interesting to look at! I wanted to keep exploring.
As a pair, we always worked together in this room, and the flow of each puzzle was seamless. It was exciting to see what was going to happen next, and there were so many padlocks that I hadn't seen before in an escape room. Likewise, the game was completely original and unique, requiring a wide range of logical and lateral thinking. Perhaps this is our downfall as a pair. Ian is just into finding and searching, leaving me drowning in a flood of paper! It was a great learning experience as you just can't rush around in this game. The final part of the game was tense, exciting and it felt like there was a real build up. We could see the end in sight, but we just needed to figure it out!
We were absolutely down to the last minute, but we escaped with a few seconds left!
Highlight of the game
Without giving anything away, the original use of locks was so simple yet really intriguing. I've never seen it before and will assume other enthusiasts haven't either.
Any drawbacks?
There was quite a lot of reading to do, which I found quite difficult by myself (Ian reads the first word and goes off in a mad dash). I needed someone else there, which is where I missed my Steff!
Overall Opinion
This is definitely a must do room for enthusiasts. If you're really good then do a higher level of challenge. Level 2 is probably quite embarrassing for someone who has done as many rooms as I have, but I still thought it was a challenge!
Want to know more about Professor Dunstan?


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Our Ultimate Wash Program is an excellent option for the frequent washers and allows you to maintain the beauty of your vehicle stress-free. We invite you to visit your local Fast Eddie's today.


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epeavey1Ellen Peavey, Colbert, GA, US
gardening interests: Composting, Container Gardening, Cooking, Culinary Herbs, Edible Landscaping, Fruits and Berries, Herbal Crafts, Livestock, Medicinal Herbs, Organic Gardening, Square-Foot Gardening, Sustainable Living, Vegetables
Gender: Female
Birthday: 04/10/1947
Member Since: 01/11/2011
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Heritage Tomato Plant
I bought a Heritage tomatoe plant at the farmers market it was already well established and had blooms on it. I planted it and fed it kept it watered so far only two tomato's. The plant is really big...
Re: Swiss Chard
I have planted 16 Collard plants 11/18/2011 in a raised bed, I live in north east Georgia. We have had some frost already when should the collards be ready? This is my first time growing collards. Thank you Ellen e-mail address is [email protected]
Re: Sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas)
I grew sweet potato's this year but they were all small, this was my first time with sweet potato's. Any suggestions for me on how to grow sweet potato's that looked like yours? My e-mail address is [email protected] Thank you Ellen
Re: Grow a 7-foot-tall Vegetable
I want to find some seeds for the Walking Stick kale. I live in north east Georgia any suggestions on where to find it? My e-mail address is [email protected] Thank you Ellen
Re: Straw Garden
How many bales of straw did you use? Did you set them up on their ends and then open them up? Can you set them with the string flat on the ground then add compost to the top of the bales? I have some bales I have used for a compost bin I want to use them to plant in this spring. Trying to figure out the best way to do it.


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Zone 54745 | Anonymous added on June 8, 2018 | Answered
Are in our lawn how long after blooming is it safe to mow them off
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
Answered on June 10, 2018
If you wish them not to go to seed and make more poppies in your lawn, you can cut them back as soon as they are done flowering. Before they get a chance to form seed heads.
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Thomas Chantry Trial for Sexual Molestation & Aggravated Assault Set for March 27, 2017
This update appeared in the online newspaper, South Now, on December 27, 2016.
South Now - Part of the USA Today Network
Hales Corners pastor accused of child sex crimes held in Arizona jail without bail
Tiffany Stoiber
6:24 p.m. CST December 27, 2016
Hales Corners — Thomas Chantry, a pastor at Christ Reformed Church in Hales Corners [Wisconsin] charged with child molestation linked to a church in [Prescott] Arizona, was arrested there following a Dec. 20 court hearing.
Chantry is currently behind held without bail related to child molestation charges. He is scheduled to be tried by a jury in Arizona on March 27.
Although he was arrested in Wisconsin July 25, Chantry was released Aug. 10 after posting a $100,000 cash bail.
The stipulations regarding the pastor's release were to be determined at a Nov. 26 hearing in Arizona, but the judge assigned to the case had to recuse herself, forcing the hearing to move to a later date [Dec 20] with a different judge. Visiting Judge Bradley Astrowsky is now assigned to the case.
Chantry has been accused of five counts of child molestation and two counts of aggravated assault related to his time working as a pastor at Miller Valley Baptist Church in Prescott, Arizona.
Related Posts
My Letters to All Lead Pastors in ARBCA to Investigate the Past Cover Up of Tom Chantry's Sins & Alleged Crimes
Friday, December 30, 2016 at 4:12PM
Did Reformed Baptist Leaders Cover Up Tom Chantry's Alleged Sex Crimes & Serious Physical Injury of Children?
Saturday, December 10, 2016 at 4:06PM
Tom Chantry, Well Known Reformed Baptist Pastor, Charged on Multiple Counts of Child Molestation & Aggravated Assault with Serious Injury
Tuesday, December 6, 2016 at 3:51PM
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CubeCraft Games
It's that time of year again, where we love to eat Easter Eggs and google pictures of cute bunnies. But Easter here at CubeCraft is not something to miss. We've added so much content for you to purchase, unlock and play. These includes an Easter lobby, Easter egg hunt, Easter Cubelets and Loot, an Easter Bundle, an Easter sale and even exclusive Easter challenges which are new to 2019! Read this entire thread to learn more about this Easter packed update!
We couldn't have Easter without an Easter lobby! There's some many things to look at and explore in our 2019 Easter lobby. Eggs, chicks, bunnies, carrots and much more! This lobby also supports our lobby games, Relic Hunting, Lobby Fishing and Chest Chaser. Explore, have fun and enjoy our Easter lobby!
Java Easter lobby 2019.
Lobby Easter Egg hunt 2019.
It's time to introduce something brand new to seasonal content. With the addition of the Challenges update, we've added some Easter'y challenges exclusively for the Easter period. There's 2 new challenges, one is the play all of the SkyWars, EggWars and Lucky Islands Easter maps. And another is to win on all of them maps. If you complete them, you'll unlock some shiny Easter Cubelets. Take up our challenges, try and complete them both and...
Hello CubeCrafters and fellow bunnies!
It's time for Easter to join our Bedrock Edition network. In this update we've added a lot of new content for you to try out and purchase. Such as an Easter Egg hunt, Easter lobby, Easter maps and even an Easter bundle! Read this thread to find out more about our Bedrock Easter update!
We can't have an Easter update without an Easter lobby. Filled with eggs, bunnies, chicks and other Eastery things, you'll surely be in the Easter mood after exploring this new lobby.
Bedrock Easter lobby 2019.
Lobby Easter Egg hunt.
As usual with our seasonal content, we have an exclusive and brand NEW bundle. Now available on our server store. It includes 3 cages, 2 cute buddies, 1 win effect, 3 trails and 4 Easter themed prefixes! But hurry, it's only available during the Easter period.
Easter Bundle - Available on our server store.
With every seasonal update, there's always amazing maps to release and show off. We've added 5 brand NEW maps to our Bedrock network, to join the rest of the gang. There's 2 Solo SkyWars, 1 Solo EggWars and 2 Team EggWars maps! So what are you waiting for? Will you be able to play them all and win on every map?
Rabbit - SkyWars (Solo)
I play this map a lot... it's a real rabbit.
Bunny - SkyWars (Solo)...
I play this map a lot... it's a real rabbit.
Bunny - SkyWars (Solo)...
This week we've been busy with 2 new pieces of content. 1.8 FFA and an awesome new loot bundle! Read this thread in full to learn more about this update.
It's time for FFA to join the 1.8 network and community. Today, Free for All (FFA), is now available on our 1.8 Java network! All of the same kits and maps have also been ported over from our 1.9 network. There's a total of 5 maps to choose from, Kingdom, Classic, Savannah, Tropical and Flatlands.
As all of the same kits have been ported over, some changes to them needed to happen to balance them all out and make them suitable for 1.8 PvP. The shop has also been amended to fit into the 1.8 combat system.
Fight within FFA 1.8
We've just released our new loot bundle. Introducing the Space Bundle! Have you ever wanted to be a space explorer? Grab yourself this exclusive bundle, it's completely out of this world! Packed with 11 incredible loot items, you'll surely be an exclusive astronaut of the lobby. But hurry, this bundle won't be available forever! Once unlocked you keep these items for the lifetime of your account.
This bundle includes:
- 4 Cages
- 3 Head Banners
- 2 Balloons
- 2 Shields
CubeCraft Plus subscribers have access to this bundle and all previous bundles automatically!
New Space bundle.
Once again, we've also made other fixes to other parts of our network. Some of these include:
- Increased the void from...
HELLLOOOOO CubeCrafterrrrssssss,
It's that eggcellent time of the week, where I get to scramble together as many yolks as possible, and try to make you crack. Or are you too much of a chicken?
Teams of 2 for EggWars has finally arrived! Play on our 3 new maps available now in teams of 2
This map is not a toy!
Under the Sea
Disclaimer: This map is not underwater...
Try not to get lost in the forest...
This map is not a toy!
Under the Sea
Disclaimer: This map is not underwater...
Try not to get lost in the forest...
We've released 3 fancy looking Egg Skins for EggWars. Egg Skins are items that you can unlock on our server store, and when equipped will change the look of your egg. These items are completely cosmetic, but you've got to say, they look AWESOME!
Burger Egg Skin
This egg is making me hunger...
Cactus Egg Skin
Don't hug this egg...
Gentleman Egg Skin
This egg is such a gentleman...
This egg is making me hunger...
Cactus Egg Skin
Don't hug this egg...
Gentleman Egg Skin
This egg is such a gentleman...
Along with the new server content, we've also released brand a couple of new server offers for you to purchase. To celebrate St.Patricks Day, there's a limited edition Leprechaun buddy, he'll bring you luck in our lobbies!
Leprechaun - Buddy Pack (Limited edition)Joining the Leprechaun buddy pack, we've also added a new buddy pack with the theme of emojis! If you unlock this pack, you'll get a Sad, Angry and a Happy buddy!
Emoji - Buddy...
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Airfare to La Romana from Grande Prairie
When you're on the lookout for airfare to La Romana from Grande Prairie, rest assured that you can get there with WestJet. You may be pleased to know La Romana Airport isn't the only place we land; we're also proud to offer flights to more than 150 exciting destinations in Canada, the U.S., Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and Europe. But our extensive network of routes isn't the only thing that makes WestJet a great choice for travellers: we also offer a friendly, welcoming guest experience that helps to set our safe, affordable air travel apart. Put service and value first for your next trip by flying with WestJet.
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La Romana is only a flight away
Airport Details: To LRM, La Romana Airport From YQU, Grande Prairie Airport
Visitors are drawn to Maryland's biggest city to learn more about its history, experience its vibrant culture and taste its famed seafood cuisine. Recognized for being a tranquil destination, this easygoing island attracts honeymooners and families in search of peaceful natural surroundings; this is also a fantastic spot for a variety of aquatic activities, including snorkelling, scuba diving, surfing and fishing. Music and dancing also figure heavily in day-to-day life — this is, after all, the birthplace of the merengue.
Isn't it time to fly away? Book airfare today with WestJet and before you know it you'll be in merry, beguiling La Romana. Whether it's a business trip or you want to visit Del Este National Park, the Tabacalera de Garcia cigar factory or Altos de Chav½n, you know that you can get there swiftly, safely and comfortably with us. Fly to La Romana from Grande Prairie with us and discover how we put exceptional customer care first.