text:
Saved from a Bonfire of Books
December 23, 2014Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve |
Charles Augustin
Sainte-Beuve (1804-1869), What is a Classic?.
Vol. 32, pp. 121-133 of
The Harvard Classics
If all the books in
the world were on fire, some men would risk their lives to save
certain priceless writings: the world's classics. Sainte-Beuve here
tells why.
(Sainte-Beuve born
Dec. 23, 1804.)
A DELICATE question,
to which somewhat diverse solutions might be given according to times
and seasons. An intelligent man suggests it to me, and I intend to
try, if not to solve it, at least to examine and discuss it face to
face with my readers, were it only to persuade them to answer it for
themselves, and, if I can, to make their opinion and mine on the
point clear. And why, in criticism, should we not, from time to time,
venture to treat some of those subjects which are not personal, in
which we no longer speak of some one but of some thing? Our
neighbours, the English, have well succeeded in making of it a
special division of literature under the modest title of "Essays."
It is true that in writing of such subjects, always slightly abstract
and moral, it is advisable to speak of them in a season of quiet, to
make sure of our own attention and of that of others, to seize one of
those moments of calm moderation and leisure seldom granted our
amiable France; even when she is desirous of being wise and is not
making revolutions, her brilliant genius can scarcely tolerate them.
A classic, according to the usual
definition, is an old author canonised by admiration, and an
authority in his particular style. The word classic was
first used in this sense by the Romans. With them not all the
citizens of the different classes were properly called classici, but
only those of the chief class, those who possessed an income of a
certain fixed sum. Those who possessed a smaller income were
described by the term infra classem,below the pre-eminent
class. The word classicus was used in a figurative
sense by Aulus Gellius, and applied to writers: a writer of worth and
distinction, classicus assiduusque scriptor, a
writer who is of account, has real property, and is not lost in the
proletariate crowd. Such an expression implies an age sufficiently
advanced to have already made some sort of valuation and
classification of literature.
At first the only true classics for
the moderns were the ancients. The Greeks, by peculiar good fortune
and natural enlightenment of mind, had no classics but themselves.
They were at first the only classical authors for the Romans, who
strove and contrived to imitate them. After the great periods of
Roman literature, after Cicero and Virgil, the Romans in their turn
had their classics, who became almost exclusively the classical
authors of the centuries which followed. The middle ages, which were
less ignorant of Latin antiquity than is believed, but which lacked
proportion and taste, confused the ranks and orders. Ovid was placed
above Homer, and Boetius seemed a classic equal to Plato. The revival
of learning in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries helped to bring
this long chaos to order, and then only was admiration rightly
proportioned. Thenceforth the true classical authors of Greek and
Latin antiquity stood out in a luminous background, and were
harmoniously grouped on their two heights.
Meanwhile modern literatures were
born, and some of the more precocious, like the Italian, already
possessed the style of antiquity. Dante appeared, and, from the very
first, posterity greeted him as a classic. Italian poetry has since
shrunk into far narrower bounds; but, whenever it desired to do so,
it always found again and preserved the impulse and echo of its lofty
origin. It is no indifferent matter for a poetry to derive its point
of departure and classical source in high places; for example, to
spring from Dante rather than to issue laboriously from Malherbe.
Modern Italy had her classical
authors, and Spain had every right to believe that she also had hers
at a time when France was yet seeking hers. A few talented writers
endowed with originality and exceptional animation, a few brilliant
efforts, isolated, without following, interrupted and recommenced,
did not suffice to endow a nation with a solid and imposing basis of
literary wealth. The idea of a classic implies something that has
continuance and consistence, and which produces unity and tradition,
fashions and transmits itself, and endures. It was only after the
glorious years of Louis XIV. that the nation felt with tremor and
pride that such good fortune had happened to her. Every voice
informed Louis XIV. of it with flattery, exaggeration, and emphasis,
yet with a certain sentiment of truth. Then arose a singular and
striking contradiction: those men of whom Perrault was the chief, the
men who were most smitten with the marvels of the age of Louis the
Great, who even went the length of sacrificing the ancients to the
moderns, aimed at exalting and canonising even those whom they
regarded as inveterate opponents and adversaries. Boileau avenged and
angrily upheld the ancients against Perrault, who extolled the
moderns—that is to say, Corneille, Molière, Pascal, and the
eminent men of his age, Boileau, one of the first, included. Kindly
La Fontaine, taking part in the dispute in behalf of the learned
Huet, did not perceive that, in spite of his defects, he was in his
turn on the point of being held as a classic himself.
Example is the best definition. From
the time France possessed her age of Louis XIV. and could contemplate
it at a little distance, she knew, better than by any arguments, what
to be classical meant. The eighteenth century, even in its medley of
things, strengthened this idea through some fine works, due to its
four great men. Read Voltaire's Age of Louis
XIV., Montesquieu's Greatness and Fall of the
Romans, Buffon's Epochs of Nature, the
beautiful pages of reverie and natural description of
Rousseau's Savoyard Vicar, and say if the
eighteenth century, in these memorable works, did not understand how
to reconcile tradition with freedom of development and independence.
But at the beginning of the present century and under the Empire, in
sight of the first attempts of a decidedly new and somewhat
adventurous literature, the idea of a classic in a few resisting
minds, more sorrowful than severe, was strangely narrowed and
contracted. The first Dictionary of the Academy (1964) merely defined
a classical author as "a much-approved ancient writer, who is an
authority as regards the subject he treats." The Dictionary of the
Academy of 1835 narrows that definition still more, and gives
precision and even limit to its rather vague form. It describes
classical authors as those "who have become models in
any language whatever," and in all the articles which follow, the
expressions, models, fixed rules for composition and
style, strict rules of art to which men must
conform, continually recur. That definition of classic was
evidently made by the respectable Academicians, our predecessors, in
face and sight of what was then called romantic— that
is to say, in sight of the enemy. It seems to me time to renounce
those timid and restrictive definitions and to free our mind of them.
A true classic, as I should like to
hear it defined, is an author who has enriched the human mind,
increased its treasure, and caused it to advance a step; who has
discovered some moral and not equivocal truth, or revealed some
eternal passion in that heart where all seemed known and discovered;
who has expressed his thought, observation, or invention, in no
matter what form, only provided it be broad and great, refined and
sensible, sane and beautiful in itself; who has spoken to all in his
own peculiar style, a style which is found to be also that of the
whole world, a style new without neologism, new and old, easily
contemporary with all time.
Such a classic may for a moment have
been revolutionary; it may at least have seemed so, but it is not; it
only lashed and subverted whatever prevented the restoration of the
balance of order and beauty.
If it is desired, names may be applied
to this definition which I wish to make purposely majestic and
fluctuating, or in a word, all-embracing. I should first put there
Corneille of the Polyeucte, Cinna, and Horaces. I
should put Molière there, the fullest and most complete poetic
genius we have ever had in France. Goethe, the king of critics,
"Molière is so great that he
astonishes us a fresh every time we read him. He is a man apart; his
plays border on the tragic, and no one has the courage to try and
imitate him. His Avare, where vice destroys all affection
between father and son, is one of the most sublime works, and
dramatic in the highest degree. In a drama every action ought to be
important in itself, and to lead to an action greater still. In this
respect Tartuffe is a model. What a piece of
exposition the first scene is! From the beginning everything has an
important meaning, and causes something much more important to be
foreseen. The exposition in a certain play of Lessing that might be
mentioned is very fine, but the world only sees that of
Tartuffe once. It is the finest of the kind we possess.
Every year I read a play of Molière, just as from time to time I
contemplate some engraving after the great Italian masters."
I do not conceal from myself that the
definition of the classic I have just given somewhat exceeds the
notion usually ascribed to the term. It should, above all, include
conditions of uniformity, wisdom, moderation, and reason, which
dominate and contain all the others. Having to praise M.
Royer-Collard, M. de Rémusat said—"If he derives purity
of taste, propriety of terms, variety of expression, attentive
care in suiting the diction to the thought,from our
classics, he owes to himself alone the distinctive character he gives
it all." It is here evident that the part alloted to classical
qualities seems mostly to depend on harmony and nuances of
expression, on graceful and temperate style: such is also the most
general opinion. In this sense the pre-eminent classics would be
writers of a middling order, exact, sensible, elegant, always clear,
yet of noble feeling and airily veiled strength. Marie-Joseph Chénier
has described the poetics of those temperate and accomplished writers
in lines where he shows himself their happy disciple:—
"It is good sense, reason which does
all,—virtue, genius, soul, talent, and taste.—What is virtue?
reason put in practice;—talent? reason expressed with
brilliance;—soul? reason delicately put forth;—and genius is
sublime reason."
While writing those lines he was
evidently thinking of Pope, Boileau, and Horace, the master of them
all. The peculiar characteristic of the theory which subordinated
imagination and feeling itself to reason, of which Scaliger perhaps
gave the first sign among the moderns, is, properly speaking,
the Latin theory, and for a long time it was also by
preference the French theory. If it is used
appositely, if the term reason is not abused, that
theory possesses some truth; but it is evident that it is abused, and
that if, for instance, reason can be confounded with poetic genius
and make one with it in a moral epistle, it cannot be the same thing
as the genius, so varied and so diversely creative in its expression
of the passions, of the drama or the epic. Where will you find reason
in the fourth book of the Æneid and the transports
of Dido? Be that as it may, the spirit which prompted the theory,
caused writers who ruled their inspiration, rather than those who
abandoned themselves to it, to be placed in the first rank of
classics; to put Virgil there more surely than Homer, Racine in
preference to Corneille. The masterpiece to which the theory likes to
point, which in fact brings together all conditions of prudence,
strength, tempered boldness, moral elevation, and grandeur,
is Athalie. Turenne in his two last campaigns and
Racine in Athalie are the great examples of what
wise and prudent men are capable of when they reach the maturity of
their genius and attain their supremest boldness.
Buffon, in his Discourse on
Style, insisting on the unity of design, arrangement, and
execution, which are the stamps of true classical works, said:—"Every
subject is one, and however vast it is, it can be comprised
in a single treatise. Interruptions, pauses, sub-divisions
should only be used when many subjects are treated, when, having to
speak of great, intricate, and dissimilar things, the march of genius
is interrupted by the multiplicity of obstacles, and contracted by
the necessity of circumstances: otherwise, far from making a work
more solid, a great number of divisions destroys the unity of its
parts; the book appears clearer to the view, but the author's
design remains obscure." And he continues his criticism, having in
view Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws, an excellent
book at bottom, but sub-divided: the famous author, worn out before
the end, was unable to infuse inspiration into all his ideas, and to
arrange all his matter. However, I can scarcely believe that Buffon
was not also thinking, by way of contrast, of Bossuet's Discourse
on Universal History, a subject vast indeed, and yet of such
an unity that the great orator was able to comprise it in a single
treatise. When we open the first edition, that of 1681, before the
division into chapters, which was introduced later, passed from the
margin into the text, everything is developed in a single series,
almost in one breath. It might be said that the orator has here acted
like the nature of which Buffon speaks, that "he has worked on an
eternal plan from which he has nowhere departed," so deeply does he
seem to have entered into the familiar counsels and designs of
Are Athalie and
the Discourse on Universal History the greatest
masterpieces that the strict classical theory can present to its
friends as well as to its enemies? In spite of the admirable
simplicity and dignity in the achievement of such unique productions,
we should like, nevertheless, in the interests of art, to expand that
theory a little, and to show that it is possible to enlarge it
without relaxing the tension. Goethe, whom I like to quote on such a
subject, said:—
"I call the classical healthy, and
the romantic sickly. In my opinion the Nibelungen
song is as much a classic as Homer. Both are healthy and vigorous.
The works of the day are romantic, not because they are new, but
because they are weak, ailing, or sickly. Ancient works are classical
not because they are old, but because they are powerful, fresh, and
healthy. If we regarded romantic and classical from those two points
of view we should soon all agree."
Indeed, before determining and fixing
the opinions on that matter, I should like every unbiassed mind to
take a voyage round the world and devote itself to a survey of
different literatures in their primitive vigour and infinite variety.
What would be seen? Chief of all a Homer, the father of the classical
world, less a single distinct individual than the vast living
expression of a whole epoch and a semi-barbarous civilisation. In
order to make him a true classic, it was necessary to attribute to
him later a design, a plan, literary invention, qualities of atticism
and urbanity of which he had certainly never dreamed in the luxuriant
development of his natural inspirations. And who appear by his side?
August, venerable ancients, the Æschyluses and the Sophocles,
mutilated, it is true, and only there to present us with a débris of
themselves, the survivors of many others as worthy, doubtless, as
they to survive, but who have succumbed to the injuries of time. This
thought alone would teach a man of impartial mind not to look upon
the whole of even classical literatures with a too narrow and
restricted view; he would learn that the exact and well-proportioned
order which has since so largely prevailed in our admiration of the
past was only the outcome of artificial circumstances.
And in reaching the modern world, how
would it be? The greatest names to be seen at the beginning of
literatures are those which disturb and run counter to certain fixed
ideas of what is beautiful and appropriate in poetry. For example, is
Shakespeare a classic? Yes, now, for England and the world; but in
the time of Pope he was not considered so. Pope and his friends were
the only pre-eminent classics; directly after their death they seemed
so for ever. At the present time they are still classics, as they
deserve to be, but they are only of the second order, and are for
ever subordinated and relegated to their rightful place by him who
has again come to his own on the height of the horizon.
It is not, however, for me to speak
ill of Pope or his great disciples, above all, when they posses
pathos and naturalness like Goldsmith: after the greatest they are
perhaps the most agreeable writers and the poets best fitted to add
charm to life. Once when Lord Bolingbroke was writing to Swift, Pope
added a postscript, in which he said—"I think some advantage
would result to our age, if we three spent three years together."
Men who, without boasting, have the right to say such things must
never be spoken of lightly: the fortunate ages, when men of talent
could propose such things, then no chimera, are rather to be envied.
The ages called by the name of Louis XIV. or of Queen Anne are, in
the dispassionate sense of the word, the only true classical ages,
those which offer protection and a favourable climate to real talent.
We know only too well how in our untrammelled times, through the
instability and storminess of the age, talents are lost and
dissipated. Nevertheless, let us acknowledge our age's part and
superiority in greatness. True and sovereign genius triumphs over the
very difficulties that cause others to fail: Dante, Shakespeare, and
Milton were able to attain their height and produce their
imperishable works in spite of obstacles, hardships and tempests.
Byron's opinion of Pope has been much discussed, and the
explanation of it sought in the kind of contradiction by which the
singer of Don Juan and Childe
Harold extolled the purely classical school and pronounced
it the only good one, while himself acting so differently. Goethe
spoke the truth on that point when he remarked that Byron, great by
the flow and source of poetry, feared that Shakespeare was more
powerful than himself in the creation and realisation of his
characters. "He would have liked to deny it; the elevation so free
from egoism irritated him; he felt when near it that he could not
display himself at ease. He never denied Pope, because he did not
fear him; he knew that Pope was only a low wall by
his side."
If, as Byron desired, Pope's school
had kept the supremacy and a sort of honorary empire in the past,
Byron would have been the first and only poet in his particular
style; the height of Pope's wall shuts out Shakespeare's great
figure from sight, whereas when Shakespeare reigns and rules in all
his greatness, Byron is only second.
In France there was no great classic
before the age of Louis XIV.; the Dantes and Shakespeares, the early
authorities to whom, in times of emancipation, men sooner or later
return, were wanting. There were mere sketches of great poets, like
Mathurin Regnier, like Rabelais, without any ideal, without the depth
of emotion and the seriousness which canonises. Montaigne was a kind
of premature classic, of the family of Horace, but for want of worthy
surroundings, like a spoiled child, he gave himself up to the
unbridled fancies of his style and humour. Hence it happened that
France, less than any other nation, found in her old authors a right
to demand vehemently at a certain time literary liberty and freedom,
and that it was more difficult for her, in enfranchising herself, to
remain classical. However, with Molière and La Fontaine among her
classics of the great period, nothing could justly be refused to
those who possessed courage and ability.
The important point now seems to me to
be to uphold, while extending, the idea and belief. There is no
receipt for making classics; this point should be clearly recognised.
To believe that an author will become a classic by imitating certain
qualities of purity, moderation, accuracy, and elegance,
independently of the style and inspiration, is to believe that after
Racine the father there is a place for Racine the son; dull and
estimable rôle, the worst in poetry. Further, it is
hazardous to take too quickly and without opposition the place of a
classic in the sight of one's contemporaries; in that case there is
a good chance of not retaining the position with posterity. Fontanes
in his day was regarded by his friends as a pure classic; see how at
twenty-five years' distance his star has set. How many of these
precocious classics are there who do not endure, and who are so only
for a while! We turn round one morning and are surprised not to find
them standing behind us. Madame de Sévigné would wittily say they
possessed but an evanescent colour. With regard to
classics, the least expected prove the best and greatest: seek them
rather in the vigorous genius born immortal and flourishing for ever.
Apparently the least classical of the four great poets of the age of
Louis XIV. was Molière; he was then applauded far more than he was
esteemed; men took delight in him without understanding his worth.
After him, La Fontaine seemed the least classical: observe after two
centuries what is the result for both. Far above Boileau, even above
Racine, are they not now unanimously considered to possess in the
highest degree the characteristics of an all-embracing morality?
Meanwhile there is no question of
sacrificing or depreciating anything. I believe the temple of taste
is to be rebuilt; but its reconstruction is merely a matter of
enlargement, so that it may become the home of all noble human
beings, of all who have permanently increased the sum of the mind's
delights and possessions. As for me, who cannot, obviously, in any
degree pretend to be the architect or designer of such a temple, I
shall confine myself to expressing a few earnest wishes, to submit,
as it were, my designs for the edifice. Above all I should desire not
to exclude any one among the worthy, each should be in his place
there, from Shakespeare, the freest of creative geniuses, and the
greatest of classics without knowing it, to Andrieux, the last of
classics in little. "There is more than one chamber in the mansions
of my Father;" that should be as true of the kingdom of the
beautiful here below, as of the kingdom of Heaven. Homer, as always
and everywhere, should be first, likest a god; but behind him, like
the procession of the three wise kings of the East, would be seen the
three great poets, the three Homers, so long ignored by us, who wrote
epics for the use of the old peoples of Asia, the poets Valmiki,
Vyasa of the Hindoos, and Firdousi of the Persians: in the domain of
taste it is well to know that such men exist, and not to divide the
human race. Our homage paid to what is recognized as soon as
perceived, we must not stray further; the eye should delight in a
thousand pleasing or majestic spectacles, should rejoice in a
thousand varied and surprising combinations, whose apparent confusion
would never be without concord and harmony. The oldest of the wise
men and poets, those who put human morality into maxims, and those
who in simple fashion sung it, would converse together in rare
and gentle speech, and would not be surprised at
understanding each other's meaning at the very first word. Solon,
Hesiod, Theognis, Job, Solomon, and why not Confucius, would welcome
the cleverest moderns, La Rochefoucauld and La Bruyère, who, when
listening to them, would say "they knew all that we know, and in
repeating life's experiences, we have discovered nothing." On the
hill, most easily discernible, and of most accessible ascent, Virgil,
surrounded by Menander, Tibullus, Terence, Fénélon, would occupy
himself in discoursing with them with great charm and divine
enchantment: his gentle countenance would shine with an inner light,
and be tinged with modesty; as on the day when entering the theatre
at Rome, just as they finished reciting his verses, he saw the people
rise with an unanimous movement and pay to him the same homage as to
Augustus. Not far from him, regretting the separation from so dear a
friend, Horace, in his turn, would preside (as far as so accomplished
and wise a poet could preside) over the group of poets of social life
who could talk although they sang,—Pope, Boileau, the one become
less irritable, the other less fault-finding. Montaigne, a true poet
would be among them, and would give the finishing touch that should
deprive that delightful corner of the air of literary school. There
would La Fontaine forget himself, and becoming less volatile would
wander no more. Voltaire would be attracted by it, but while finding
pleasure in it would not have patience to remain. A little lower
down, on the same hill as Virgil, Xenophon, with simple bearing,
looking in no way like a general, but rather resembling a priest of
the Muses, would be seen gathering round him the Attics of every
tongue and of every nation, the Addisons, Pellissons,
Vauvenargues—all who feel the value of an easy persuasiveness, an
exquisite simplicity, and a gentle negligence mingled with ornament.
In the centre of the place, in the portico of the principal temple
(for there would be several in the enclosure), three great men would
like to meet often, and when they were together, no fourth, however
great, would dream of joining their discourse or their silence. In
them would be seen beauty, proportion in greatness, and that perfect
harmony which appears but once in the full youth of the world. Their
three names have become the ideal of art—Plato, Sophocles, and
Demosthenes. Those demi-gods honoured, we see a numerous and familiar
company of choice spirits who follow, the Cervantes and Molières,
practical painters of life, indulgent friends who are still the first
of benefactors, who laughingly embrace all mankind, turn man's
experience to gaiety, and know the powerful workings of a sensible,
hearty, and legitimate joy. I do not wish to make this description,
which if complete would fill a volume, any longer. In the middle
ages, believe me, Dante would occupy the sacred heights: at the feet
of the singer of Paradise all Italy would be spread out like a
garden; Boccaccio and Ariosto would there disport themselves, and
Tasso would find again the orange groves of Sorrento. Usually a
corner would be reserved for each of the various nations, but the
authors would take delight in leaving it, and in their travels would
recognise, where we should least expect it, brothers or masters.
Lucretius, for example, would enjoy discussing the origin of the
world and the reducing of chaos to order with Milton. But both
arguing from their own point of view, they would only agree as
regards divine pictures of poetry and nature.
Such are our classics; each individual
imagination may finish the sketch and choose the group preferred. For
it is necessary to make a choice, and the first condition of taste,
after obtaining knowledge of all, lies not in continual travel, but
in rest and cessation from wandering. Nothing blunts and destroys
taste so much as endless journeyings; the poetic spirit is not
the Wandering Jew. However, when I speak of resting
and making choice, my meaning is not that we are to imitate those who
charm us most among our masters in the past. Let us be content to
know them, to penetrate them, to admire them; but let us, the
late-comers, endeavour to be ourselves. Let us have the sincerity and
naturalness of our own thoughts, of our own feelings; so much is
always possible. To that let us add what is more difficult,
elevation, an aim, if possible, towards an exalted goal; and while
speaking our own language, and submitting to the conditions of the
times in which we live, whence we derive our strength and our
defects, let us ask from time to time, our brows lifted towards the
heights and our eyes fixed on the group of honoured mortals: what
would they say of us?
But why speak always of authors and
writings? Maybe an age is coming when there will be no more writing.
Happy those who read and read again, those who in their reading can
follow their unrestrained inclination! There comes a time in life
when, all our journeys over, our experiences ended, there is no
enjoyment more delightful than to study and thoroughly examine the
things we know, to take pleasure in what we feel, and in seeing and
seeing again the people we love: the pure joys of our maturity. Then
it is that the word classic takes its true meaning, and is defined
for every man of taste by an irresistible choice. Then taste is
formed, it is shaped and definite; then good sense, if we are to
possess it at all, is perfected in us. We have neither more time for
experiments, nor a desire to go forth in search of pastures new. We
cling to our friends, to those proved by long intercourse. Old wine,
old books, old friends. We say to ourselves with Voltaire in these
delightful lines:—"Let us enjoy, let us write, let us live, my
dear Horace!… I have lived longer than you: my verse will not last
so long. But on the brink of the tomb I shall make it my chief
care—to follow the lessons of your philosophy—to despise death in
enjoying life—to read your writings full of charm and good sense—as
we drink an old wine which revives our senses."
In fact, be it Horace or another who
is the author preferred, who reflects our thoughts in all the wealth
of their maturity, of some one of those excellent and antique minds
shall we request an interview at every moment; of some one of them
shall we ask a friendship which never deceives, which could not fail
us; to some one of them shall we appeal for that sensation of
serenity and amenity (we have often need of it) which reconciles us
with mankind and with ourselves.


text:
Antal spillere: 2 - 4
Alder: 10+
Spilletid: ca. 40 min.
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Spillet er på engelsk.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
©2004-2008 CyLog Software
CyLog Software has a long tradition in writing command-line tools. Everything started
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©2008 CyLog Software
ASK asks for user input and can then write it to the stdout or
set the entered value to an environment variable and execute a command. ASK
is a hybrid utility that gives you both a command-line interface and a Win32 pop-up dialog box.
ASK {mode of operation} {options} mode of operation := [-o]|[-v:{variable_name} -e:{cmdline}] options := [-c] [-h] [-p:{prompt}] Modes: -o print the user input to standard output -v:... set the value of specified env var and execute the supplied cmdline -e:... execute this cmdline after setting the environment variable Options: -c run in console mode, do not open a GUI dialog box -h hide user input (i.e. "password" mode) -p:... display the specified prompt Examples: 1. Open a window, get user input and print it out on the console ASK -o 2. Open a window, get user input and output it to file test.txt ASK -o > test.txt 3. In console mode, get the value for the JAVA_HOME variable, then execute the command line after replacing the string ${JAVA_HOME} with the actual user input ASK -c -v:JAVA_HOME -e:"${JAVA_HOME}\bin\java -version"
The Win32 environment has a lot of restrictions in terms of altering the environment of a process.
As a rule of thumb a process has the ability to change its own environment, or execute a child process
with a specific environment. There is no way for a process to change its parent's environment and make
a subsequent program execution use it.
ASK uses the option of setting the value of an environment variable and then executing a child process
with an altered environment, i.e. ASK's own environment with the modified or added variable.
Please also note that this is the reason for using ${...}
replacements on the command-line as any %...%
values will be replaced on the command line with existing environment settings before ASK is launched!
Example Run:
Note the value of the JAVA_HOME environment variable before and after the execution of ASK. During the
execution itself the value of JAVA_HOME equals "j:\jdk160_06"
j:\>set java_home JAVA_HOME=J:\jdk150_11 j:\>ASK -c -v:JAVA_HOME -e:"${JAVA_HOME}\bin\java -version" ASK v1.00 ©2008 CyLog Software Enter value : j:\jdk160_06 + Setting value for environment variable "JAVA_HOME"... + Creating child process "j:\jdk160_06\bin\java -version" + Waiting for child process to finish... java version "1.6.0_06" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_06-b02) Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 10.0-b22, mixed mode, sharing) + Exit code of child process is 0. Closing handles... j:\>set java_home JAVA_HOME=J:\jdk150_11
©2006-2008 CyLog Software
clDisks is a very simple utility that displays the free and total size of your hard disks.
By default it will display the sizes of all your fixed disks and the full totals. You can specify a string of
drive letters on the command line to restrict the list of drives displayed.
clDisks [<drive letters>] e.g.: clDisks clDisks cdef
Example Run:
C:\>clDisks cjm clDisks v1.02 ©2006-2008 CyLog Software ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Drive: Bytes Free Bytes Total MBytes Free MBytes Total Free(%) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ C: 14,813,052,928 62,915,133,440 14,127 60,001 23.54% J: 10,537,340,928 16,779,538,432 10,049 16,002 62.80% M: 13,594,578,944 67,110,023,168 12,965 64,001 20.26% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total: 38,944,972,800 146,804,695,040 37,141 140,004 26.53% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
©2006,2008 CyLog Software
clTimer is a utility that measures the execution time of a batch job or command.
You can use it in a batch file to start and stop a timer, before and after a set of
commands. For more "immediate" measurements you can just supply a command line
which will be executed as a child process.
clTimer [-start|-stop|-clear|-C"command line"] -start starts the timer (writes the current Windows Tick count to the registry) -stop stops the timer (displays the time passed since "-start" was executed. You can run -stop multiple times, to display lap times. -clear removes the timer entries from the registry -C"..." execute the command-line and display the execution time
©2003-2007 CyLog Software
CountLn is a Win32 utility that counts lines in text files. It supports all types of text files (DOS/Windows, Unix, Mac) by detecting all types of End-Of-Line delimiters (CR-LF for DOS/Windows, LF for Unix and CR for Mac). Usage:
countln <wildcard> [/s] /s recurses into subdirectories
Example run:
M:\example>countln *.pas CountLn v1.03 ©2003-2007 CyLog Software Changing dir to : UBitmapFilters.pas 11148 bytes, [ 289 289 289] : 289 lines UCopyFiles.pas 1289 bytes, [ 54 54 54] : 54 lines ... UTIconShortcut.pas 22747 bytes, [ 600 600 600] : 600 lines UToolboxFactory.pas 7907 bytes, [ 158 158 158] : 158 lines Found 8,915 lines in 21 files (1 folders). Total size 322,249 bytes
©2007-2008 CyLog Software
ExitCode is a utility that can be used for programming and debugging batch files.
It simply executes and returns immediatelly with the exit code that you specify in the command-line.
Use ExitCode for conveniently returning codes that help you handle special
cases in your batch files.
ExitCode displays a few diagnostic elements of the command's execution as shown
in the examples below:
C:\>exitcode ExitCode v1.01 ©2007-2008 by CyLog Software Current Directory : C:\ Command line : exitcode Cmd Line Param 0 : c:\winutil\exitcode.exe Exiting with code : 0 C:\>exitcode 123 ExitCode v1.01 ©2007-2008 by CyLog Software Current Directory : C:\ Command line : exitcode 123 Cmd Line Param 0 : c:\winutil\exitcode.exe Cmd Line Param 1 : 123 Exiting with code : 123
©2005-2007 CyLog Software
P4Rev displays RCS Revision Numbers of source code files as injected by Perforce, PVCS or other RCS compilant source control systems. Usage:
p4rev [-?] [-s] [-r] [-fp] [<wildcard>] Examples: p4rev -? // display this help p4rev *.sql // display revision numbers of all *.sql files in current folder p4rev -s // display revision numbers of all files under current folder and child-folders p4rev -r // display revision numbers only of all files in current folder p4rev -fp // use full paths as headers of file lists
©2003-2008 CyLog Software
ReplaceStr is a console filter (Uses console standard Input and Output) that
replaces a string with another string. Very
useful when you want to parse a text file and replace strings in it.
The latest version supports
ReplaceStr [-l|-u|-r] <string_to_find> [<string_to_replace_with>|-t{<date format>}] -l converts input to lower case -u converts input to UPPER case -r uses Regular Expressions * Use "-t{date format}" as a replacement to paste current time and date info. For date format use: dd for day, mm for month, yyyy for year hh for hour, nn for minute, ss for seconds, zz for milliseconds * Enclose chars in single quotes to include them as they are * Note that if string contains spaces they should be quoted with double quotes Examples: replacestr "this" "that" replaces string "this" in the standard input with "that" replacestr "$datetime$" "-t{yyyy-dd-mm hh:mm}" replaces string "$datetime$" in the standard input with the current timestamp using "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm" as a format string
©2006-2009 CyLog Software
ReplaceTxt is a powerful utility that can generate text file based on a variable replacement template engine. ReplaceTxt can load variable values from definition files (e.g. java-style ".properties" files) and environment variables and can be used to produce output files from a given template.
Usage (input and output text files):
ReplaceTxt <input_file> <output_file> [-Ddefinition=<definition_file> [-D...]] [-Eprefix] [-nodate] [-debug] [-quiet] [-test]
...or... (immediate command-line execution)
ReplaceTxt -C"command line with arguments" [-nograve] [-Ddefinition=<definition_file> [-D...]] [-Eprefix] [-nodate] [-debug] [-quiet] [-test]
The first command above will generate the <output_file> using the <input_file> as the source and will replace any string matching ${definition.key} to its value taken from <definition_file>. The second command will replace ${...} placeholders on the passed command line, then it will execute the parsed command as a child process it. The OS exitcode of the child process will be returned as the exit code of ReplaceTxt.
ReplaceTxt will also replace strings matching ${dt[+/-n]:<dateformat>} (e.g. ${dt:dd/mm/yyyy}) to the current date formatted as described in the <dateformat> string. Use +/-n to adjust current date in days (e.g. ${dt-7:dd/mm/yyyy} is a week before today). Accepted date formats are:
d, dd, ddd, dddd, ddddd, dddddd Different representations of Current Day m, mm, mmm, mmmm Current Month yy, yyyy Current Year h, hh, n, nn, s, ss, z, zzz Hours, Minutes, Seconds, Milliseconds t, tt Time in Short and Long format am/pm, a/p, ampm am or pm for 12-hour clock display e ISO day of week f, ff, fff ISO day of year w, ww ISO week of year (1=Monday, 7=Sunday) ii, iiii ISO year for ISO week 'xxxx' Text enclosed in quotes is displayed as is
Command-line options:
-D : Definition files should have "key=value" pairs in each line, similar to Java-style .properties files -E : Use -E to load environment variables using the prefix. Variables in templates should be referred to as: "prefix.env_var_name", e.g. -Eenv will match "env.username" to the logged on user. NOTE!!! Environment variable names will be converted to lowercase when loaded! -C : Use -C to parse and execute a command-line instead of using input and output files. This is useful when you need to parameterize a cmd line in a batch file and replace values on it with values found in definition files. -nograve By default ReplaceTxt will replace the grave quote (`) character will a double quote (") before executing the command line, thus giving you the option of passing quoted parameters to the child process. If this behaviour is not desired use the "-nograve" option to supress it. -nodate Do not replace current date in place of ${dt:<dateformat>} -debug Debug Mode On -quiet Quiet Mode - No console output -test Test Mode to check the definition configuration - no replacements are made
To shorten the length of the ReplaceTxt command line you may alternatively set the
environment variable REPLACETXT
to a comma-separated list of definitions
using the following syntax:
SET REPLACETXT=-Eprefix;-Ddefinition=file;-Ddef2=file2.txt;...
replacetxt input.txt output.txt -Ddef=file1.txt -Ddef2=file2.txt -Eenv replacetxt -C"sqlplus scott/${password.scott}@ora001 @script.sql"
Another, more real-world example is to create a zip file that contains the
current date and time in its filename, e.g. myzip_20081104_1823.zip
replacetxt -C"7z a myzip_${dt:yyyymmdd_hhnn}.zip ...files..."
©2005 CyLog Software
Sleep is a very simple command that will allow you to put a delay in your
batch files. Specify the amount of milliseconds as a parameter and Sleep
will wait for that period of time. Extremelly useful in batch file programming.
Sleep <number of milliseconds>
Example Run:
C:\>sleep 1000 C:\>
©2004,2008 CyLog Software
Original DOS version written by K.Symeonidis ©1991-1992 MIDNIGHT Software
Wo is one of those utilities that was very popular under DOS. The Windows version contains a very
small part of the functionality the original wo.exe did, which was a fully capable file finder.
This version for Windows enables you to find files
in directories listed in your system's PATH environment variable, using the order they are specified.
This way you can identify which version of a file is executed or loaded when you type its name on the command-line.
wo <wildcard> e.g.: wo win*.dll
Example Run:
C:\>wo java.exe Wo v3.01, written by Kostas Symeonidis ©2004,2008 CyLog Software Searching... J:\bea81\jdk142_05\bin\java.exe J:\jdk150_04\bin\java.exe C:\WINDOWS\system32\java.exe 3 file(s) found C:\>


text:
Eparchy of Astana
The Eparchy of Astana and Almaty is a diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church with jurisdiction over the cities of Astana and Almaty and the seat of the Metropolitan of the Metropolia of Kazakhstan. In July 2010, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church re-designated the metropolitan district of the Orthodox Church in Kazakhstan as a metropolia with the ruling hierarch of the Eparchy of Astana and Almaty as First Hierarch of the Metropolia that now consists of nine eparchies. The metropolitan is currently Metropolitan Alexander (Mogilev) of Astana and Almaty.
In 1871, the Russian Orthodox Church in Turkestan was organized as a diocese with its seat in Verne (now called Almaty). Forty-five years later a separate vicariate was created for the Orthodox Church in Kazakhstan with its seat in Verne, whilst in June 1945 the Diocese of Alma-Ata and Kazakhstan was established. As the Soviet Union collapsed this diocese was divided into three dioceses, the Eparchies of Alma-Ata and Semipalatinsk, Chimkent and Akmola, and the Urals and Guryevskiy.
Eparchy today
Following the designation of Astana as the new capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan the seat of the Eparchy of Alma-Ata and Semipalatinsk was transferred from Almaty to Astana, while the diocese itself was renamed the Eparchy of Astana and Almaty. The Eparchy today shepherds 58 parishes, eight monastic communities, and a theological seminary in Almaty and maintains two diocesan cathedrals, the Cathedral of the Dormition in Astana and the Cathedral of the Ascension in Almaty.
- Metropolitan Alexander (Mogilev) of Astana and Almaty (2010-present)
- Bishop Gennadius (Gogolev) of Kaskelen, Auxiliary (2010-present)
- Methodius (Nemtsov) 2003 - 2010
Past Hierarchs
- Nicholas (Mogilevsky) of Alma-ata and Kazakhstan 1945 - 1955
External links
- Metropolia of Kazakhstan (Official Website)
- Eparchy of Astana and Alma-Ata (Moscow Patriarchate)


text:
Get real-time, actionable insights from your screenings about audience volume, engagement and feedback.
Get instantly notified about potential issues from device temperature, battery level, and other metrics.
WeLens removed all the complexity of hosting a VR experience at our trade show booth.
All we had to do was provide the content and they took care of the rest.
It helped us drive a record amount of booth traffic and leads.Kieran Farr, Senior Dir. Business Development - Brightcove


text:
MSF Urges Nigeria President to Act on Deadly Lead Poisoning
Medical charity Doctors Without Borders (MSF) said Nigeria had failed to deliver on promises to tackle a deadly lead poisoning epidemic and called on president Goodluck Jonathan to intervene.
Lead contamination from an artisanal gold mine in the Bagega area of northern Zamfara state has killed at least 400 children and poisoned around 4,000, according to medical officials.
"MSF is calling ... for the urgent intervention of the President for the immediate release of the Bagega remediation funds," it said in a report on Thursday.
In May the government pledged 850 million naira ($5.4 million) to address the issue, although MSF said none of the ministers -- mines, environment and health -- scheduled to attend a conference on the poisoning showed up.
Jonathan has been criticized for what many see as a slow response to the nation's crises, especially in the poor, largely Muslim north, where an Islamist insurgency has killed hundreds this year. Jonathan, a southern Christian, often responds that the government is doing its best to tackle multiple problems.
"This six-month progress report ... finds that on nearly all agreed action points, very little has materialized," MSF said in its report. "The time for talk is over: it is time to get the lead out of Bagega."
Government officials from the presidency and relevant ministries were not immediately available for comment.
Nigeria has one of the world's worst records on environmental protection, with massive oil spills in its southeastern Niger Delta region occurring frequently. Government pledges to clean up the devastation there and stop gas flaring have been largely unmet.
In 2010, a Nigerian health ministry official reported that lead poisoning caused by illegal gold mining had killed 163 Nigerians, most of them children in remote villages.
But the mining has continued unabated, bringing lead dust on the bodies of miners into the homes of thousands.
MSF urged the government start a cleanup and introduce facilities for safer mining practices.
Many Zamfara miners depend on it to survive in a harsh desert terrain on the threshold of the Sahara.
Because the body struggles to rid itself of metal, it accumulates in the blood. Children's growing nervous systems can be permanently damaged by the metal.


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Lucky Stone Necklace
- Weight: 2.3g
- Material: Titanium steel
- Length: 39.5cm
- Top quality: It is nickel-free and hypoallergenic. And never take it off, since it is WATERPROOF SWEAT-PROOF HEAT-PROOF.
- Avoid contact with chemicals (perfumes, skin care products, bath lotion, etc.)
- Avoid wearing multiple pieces of metal jewelry at the same time to avoid bumps.
- Avoid wearing it during strenuous exercise or when carrying heavy objects.
- Avoid jewelry coming into contact with water.
- Avoid wearing it while sleeping.
- Quality: We hold the belief that jewelry must embody beauty, comfort, and longevity. Our artisans meticulously craft each piece with a pursuit of excellence, ensuring flawlessness in every detail and a perfect fit.
- Material: We use high-quality, sustainable materials like S925 silver, natural pearls. Tracing each piece's journey from source to finished product, delivering exceptional jewelry that reflects our dedication to a better world.
- Packaging: We provide a storage bag to protect and preserve our pieces' beauty. We use recycled materials for packaging and strive to reduce our environmental impact.
About Zuzumia
Affordable Luxury and Empowered Self-Expression
As we embark on this extraordinary journey, we invite you to join us in celebrating the power of self-expression and the joy of affordable luxury. Let us adorn the world with ZUZUMIA, where unique design, affordable prices, and uncompromising quality converge to create a brand that truly stands out and empowers individuals to embrace their own sparkle.
Yes, we ship all over the world. Shipping costs will apply, and will be added at checkout. We run discounts and promotions all year, so stay tuned for exclusive deals.
It depends on where you are. Orders processed here will take 5-7 business days to arrive. Overseas deliveries can take anywhere from 8-20 days. Delivery details will be provided in your confirmation email.
You can contact us at email@example.com. We will be happy to assist you.


text:
Height: | 25″ |
Base Diameter: | 22″ |
Material: | Cast Stone and Copper |
Finish Shown In: | Classic Mountain Bronze |
This item will be shipped via: |
Winter Care: Protect all fountains from freezing and thawing. Cast stone, is slightly porous, which can allow small amounts of moisture to absorb into the surface of the fountain. If this moisture freezes, it can cause small cracks or chips. The fountain may be left in freezing weather, provided it is dry and covered. It is recommended that the pump be brought indoors in freezing weather.
Placement: Always place fountains on a solid level foundation. If the fountain is to be placed on a softer surface like the ground, two inches of packed stone or sand will provide your fountain a solid foundation.


text:
- June 30, 2020
- Posted by: mardenco
- Category: Employment Law
From 1 August 2020 onwards, it is intended that the shielding programme will be "paused" in England so clinically extremely vulnerable people will no longer be advised to shield. From an employment perspective, this means that, if they cannot work from home, shielding employees can then return to their workplaces, provided they are "COVID-19 Secure", i.e. they comply with the latest government guidance. Employers should ensure that robust measures are put in place to enable shielding employees to safely return to work, and that they comply with their statutory duty to make reasonable adjustments for disabled employees. It is advisable for employers to speak to shielding employees on an individual basis in advance of their return to discuss the health and safety measures that have been put in place and to agree a plan for their return to work.
The easing of shielding measures is also likely to mean that shielding employees will no longer be entitled to receive statutory sick pay (SSP) from 1 August 2020 if continuing to shield. If so, amending regulations will need to be published to provide that shielding no longer constitutes deemed incapacity for SSP purposes. The exceptions, where the shielding employee would still be entitled to SSP, are where they are self-isolating because they have coronavirus symptoms, are waiting for a coronavirus test result or have tested positive for coronavirus, they live with someone who has symptoms, is waiting for a test result or has tested positive, someone in their support bubble has symptoms, is waiting for a test result or has tested positive or they have been told to self-isolate by NHS Test and Trace because they have been in contact with a person who has coronavirus. However, it is also possible that a shielding employee's GP may certify them as unfit to return to work by issuing them with a fit note, and, in that case, they would then still be entitled to SSP under the normal SSP incapacity rules.
If they have been on furlough under the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme, shielding employees can remain on furlough from 1 August 2020.
The NHS will maintain the Shielded Patient List and, should levels of COVID-19 increase in communities, those at highest risk may be advised to take more restrictive measures in future to keep themselves safe.
Shielding has been extended in Scotland until 31 July 2020 and in Wales until 16 August 2020. In both cases, the Scottish and Welsh governments are keeping next steps under review.
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text:
There used to be a StatusNet server right here.
I have removed it because it was no longer very useful to me. If you want to read more about what I think about a few decentralised social networking tools then you may read State of the Decentralised Social Networks.
I still have my Friendica node up and running, and will use that for networking socially. My profile is here.
If you enjoy social networking and value privacy you should already know about Friendica, it easy to install and works as a true distributed network should.


text:
Wikimedia Israel/Free image collection project
- See PikiWiki - Free Image collection of Israel on pikiwiki.org.il
Free image collection project, on the occasion of Israel's 60th anniversary
[edit]July 2007
This translation of the original Hebrew text was done by Aviad. The translation was slightly modified, as the original was intended for people unfamiliar with the WMF.
Contact person: User:Deror avi
General background
[edit]This project is the first cooperation between the Israel Internet Association (ISOC-IL) [1] and the recently founded Israeli Wikimedia chapter [2]. Part of the effort to promote the concept of free content on the Web, this is a project of both practical and declarative value.
The project's goals
[edit]The image collection project was conceived as an instrument to help creating a large pool of digital-format, good quality photographs, documenting events relating to the history of Israel, or depicting places of distinction around the country. The images would be as free of copyright limitations as possible. The database will include a categorization system, and the public will be free to contribute new images, and browse or copy any of the images stored within. From a practical point of view, the project could answer the needs of students, scholars, researchers, writers, artists, tourists or any person who might need a photograph of a historical event or a place of interest in Israel, be it for use in a piece of art, a book, a poster, an advertisement or any other legitimate use. As a declarative tool, this project is intended to raise awareness to issues concerning copyright, its logic and application, and why it is worthwhile, in many cases, to relinquish it in favor of the public, fully or in part. Underlying the project is the assumption that historical photographs, or photographs of public sites, should be made available to every person, without fear of copyright infringement, as part of the cultural assets shared by all citizens. It should be pointed out that even as this project is unfolding, the Knesset, Israel's parliament, is debating the introduction of a new copyright law that could extend the expiry of copyright on photographs from the current period of 50 years from the date the photo was taken, to 70 years from the day of the photographer's death. The proposed database could work as a counterbalance to the stricter law, should it ever materialize. Furthermore, such a project could prove useful in supporting other programs for narrowing the so-called digital gap and encouraging digital literacy, such as Lehava Project.
Participating bodies
[edit]- The Israel Internet Society (ISOC-IL) - an ISOC chapter located in Israel.
- Wikimedia-Israel (WM-IL) - a Wikimedia chapter located in Israel.
- The Center for Educational Technology (CET) - an NGO established in 1971, located in Ramat Aviv and dedicated to the introduction of new teaching methods and tools to the Israeli educational system. CET has become a major hub in the network of Israeli educational bodies, both government-owned and NGOs, and employs some of the most experienced professionals in leading educational projects.
- The Lehava Project - a project launched by Israel's Ministry of Finance, and designed to help narrow the "digital gaps" in the Israeli society. The project is made up of 14 centers around the country, particularly in the periphery. Each such center includes two instruction classrooms containing 40 computer terminals. The servers are located in the Ministry of Finance itself. Every center is manned throughout the day by four information-specialists. Currently, the Lehava centers serve 150-160 thousand people, all free of charge. The centers are equipped with scanners and other advanced peripheral devices.
- The project can be joined by any other body that would agree to cooperate towards the same goals.
Criteria for uploading images
[edit]- Good quality (considering the image's historical value, the time lapsed since it was taken, the technological means at the time etc.)
- The image documents significant events in the history of Israel or depicts a site of distinction (past or present) in the country, or a historical figure related to the state of Israel.
- The image is a photograph or a scan of documents of historical significance, which are not subject to secrecy statutes or otherwise legally protected from copying
- The contributor is the copyright owner, or can prove that copyright for the image in question is expired.
- The contributor is willing to relinquish their copyright for the image and its scan without compensation, and release it to the public to become Public Domain[1][2]
- The image has not undergone editing or processing, aside from contrast modification, coloration corrections, pasting in order to create a panoramic image and so on.
- The image does not constitute blatant advertising for a commercial company currently operating in Israel[3].
[edit]- ↑ It is preferred that pictures be released to the public as Public Domain, but one could argue whether or not to also accept pictures with "free licenses", such as GNU, GFDL, CC, etc. Anyhow, in such cases, only those versions which merely require attribution to the photographer will be accepted. It is agreed that versions requiring further limitations are unsuitable for the project.
- ↑ Should a large collection of images be released as a contribution from a major body, e.g. a national archive, a museum etc, we will consider a request to release them under a more-limiting license rather than to the PD.
- ↑ For example, a picture of a monument, where most of the background is dominated by a billboard advertisement for a company, currently operating in Israel, particularly if a similar image, in which the advertisement is less blatant, is available.
Modus Operandi
[edit]- The images will be kept on the Commons servers, marked with a special template instructing Commons' sysops to consult the project managers in Israel before taking any measures with regard to said images.
- Contributors will not be referred directly to the Commons, but rather to a special interface, to be prepared by a programmer of the project in Israel and uploaded to the Wikitools server. The Israeli interface will include a table in which the meta-data of each picture will be saved, with rules as to the "translation" of that meta-data into the Commons' format. The images themselves will be directed to the Commons with an appropriate name, which would enable operators to track them down in the table that will be saved on Wikitools.
- The details that will be saved on the database will include: general subject of the image, the date it was taken (or an approximation if exact date is not known), name of the photographer (if known), translation of any foreign text appearing in the picture, whether or not there is a chance of offending anyone by posting the picture, the circumstances the picture was taken or a special story behind it, etc. Enough leeway should be left for data in various languages – particularly Hebrew, Arabic and Russian – as well as for missing or partial data.
- Before uploading the images, each contributor will have to confirm that he or she is the copyright owner, and that he or she is relinquishing the copyright. This confirmation has to be legally binding. Contributors will provide the project with their full contact details.
- Anyone surfing the site will be able to flag an image as inappropriate in terms of copyright infringement, possible offense to others, inferior quality and so on.
- The online forms for filling in the details of the image and confirming the relinquishment of copyright will be available in Hebrew, Arabic, Russian, and English, and must be written in as simple terms as possible. All the information will be conveyed using natural language, by means simulating a real-life form, not using code-lines, tags etc.
- The project will be advertised through the spokesperson services of ISOC-IL and WM-IL. The advertisement will present the project as part of the celebrations for the sixtieth anniversary of Israel's independence.
- Lehava centers will encourage visitors to bring suitable images, scan them and upload them using the centers' equipment. The centers will also encourage visitors to photograph places of significance in their neighborhood using digital cameras, and to upload the pictures to the website as part of the Lehava centers instruction classes.
[edit]The project encountered some administrative difficulties, lasted till late March 2008. A general meeting of all participants was called on April 3, 2008 to restart the project and revise the schedule.
Tasks completed until April 3, 2008
[edit]- ILS 200 000 were allocated for the project(approx. USD 57 000).
- A full-time paid project manager was appointed.
- A general scheme was devised by a wiki-experienced programers.
- Legal aspects were discussed and drafts for necessary legal documents were phrased.
New schedule
[edit]The new schedule will be published shortly by the project manager. Last date for opening the project to the public is September 15, 2008.
Funding and Staff
[edit]- ISOC-IL allocated some 200 000 Israeli new sheqels for the project.
- The bulk of the work will be done by volunteers, who will be recruited by WM-IL among the community of users of other Wikimedia projects, as well as by Lehava among the people using its centers.
- WM-IL is responsible for the contact with the Wiki-Commons' team and the Wikimedia Foundation.
- The project is managed today (2020) by a volunteer project manager, who coordinates the work of the volunteers and acts as a liaison between the involved bodies. First general meeting with the project-manager was held on April 3, 2008.
- Two teams were set up, each of them will include people from ISOC-IL, WM-IL and CET. One team set the categorization and meta-data saving methods, the other one contacts organizations possessing image archives to suggest cooperation.
- The first stages of the website's construction will be accompanied by a dedicated paid programmer, who will carefully document all the work done. Later, when the website stabilizes, it may be possible to rely on the work of volunteer programmers.
- Reviewing the images, deleting the ones who fail the criteria and correcting the data fed to the database, will all be done by volunteers and visitors to the site. Every surfer will be able to flag problem images. A team of volunteers will check the complaints and in general will go over the contributions, so as to detect problems.


text:
In two months, on Saturday May 12th, I will turn 42. All of you towel carrying readers of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, will be aware that 42 is the precise Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything.
So at this crucial age, I will simply have to throw a big party. You, and your family, are therefore kindly invited, to
The BBQ at the End of the Universe
(or Enschede as it is more commonly known).
The Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything
In the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, although the answer is known to be 42, it remains unclear what that Ultimate Question is. We and some of you who were at Reboot 7 in Copenhagen seven years ago, have a pretty good notion of how to phrase that question, however. In the easier to understand words of a dear friend, "it's the path you journey on that matters more than the destination". It's the path we travel that allows us to make sense of things.
The question to which the answer is 42
Share part of our path
Our path will take Elmine and me to walk up a French mountain to help raise funding for cancer research, in June. See my blog posting for the reasons behind this.
My birthday party is therefore also meant to raise funds for the good cause. In place of birthday gifts, I am asking you to donate something towards our effort for cancer research, sharing part of our path that way. Either by donating on my action page (if you have a Dutch bank account), or by donating to my PayPal account (which I will then transfer to my action page in your name), or by putting something in the donation box at the party itself. (Next to donations, you or your company can also hire us, and we'll donate your payment to cancer research)
Bring books that matter, find books that matter more
Elmine and I own a lot of books. Some still get taken of the shelf regularly, and will remain with us for some time more. Other books have given us their meaning and worth, and are ready to move on to a new owner, which might well be you! Likewise you probably have books that are ready to leave you and find another mind to fill with their ideas and stories. It's not the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy alone that can serve as a guide to the galaxy after all. 😉
During our BBQ at the End of the Universe we will also hold a book market. We'll offer our books up for sale, and you are invited to also bring books you want to find a new host for. At the same time you are welcome to browse all the books on offer, and take those that appeal to you back home. All proceeds will go to the good cause.
Ever been to a BBQ that's also a book market?
In summary
It would be great if you would join us for my 42nd birthday party! Bring your family and your kids (we'll have room for kids to play)! Please do RSVP (per e-mail) so we know how much people to cater for (and remember, when it comes to good food and drinks, I take BBQ parties very seriously).
It will be a day of celebration and fun, in the company of good old friends and new interesting people for you to meet. On top of that you have the opportunity to contribute to a good cause, as well as return home with new great stories to read.
Should you need a place to stay, here's a list of options. We also have two rooms on offer (especially if you're on a tight travel budget).
I am looking forward to welcoming you on May 12th!
Where, when, what time:
Ton & Elmine's in Enschede
Saturday 12 May 2012, from 14:00 until the last guest leaves.
Please RSVP via e-mail!


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Research Highlights
Role of OH variability in the stalling of the global atmospheric CH4 growth rate from 1999 to 2006." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2016): 7943-7956.
"TransCom N2O model inter-comparison – Part 1: Assessing the influence of transport and surface fluxes on tropospheric N2O variability." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 8 (2014): 4349-4368.
"Impact of transport model errors on the global and regional methane emissions estimated by inverse modelling." Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, no. 19 (2013): 9917-9937.
"Off-line algorithm for calculation of vertical tracer transport in the troposphere due to deep convection." Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, no. 3 (2013): 1093-1114.
"TransCom model simulations of methane: Comparison of vertical profiles with aircraft measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118, no. 9 (2013): 3891-3904.
"TransCom model simulations of CH₄ and related species: linking transport, surface flux and chemical loss with CH₄ variability in the troposphere and lower stratosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 24 (2011): 12813-12837.


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! End Goole Code -->
Devang Vibhakar at Rifle Shooting Zone DNK Organic Farm
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SpeakBindas is a Limca Book of Awards winning blog. It's a PR3 blog with 1000+ articles & Interviews.
Devang Vibhakar – Founder – has interviewed more than 350+ people and has been to Scotland, London & Germany. He's a writer, speaker, traveler & movie-goer !! He has also written four books. He's passionate about bringing forth interesting stories & interviews of people from various sectors of life to avid readers of SpeakBindas. You can reach him here .


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vintage american football full printing quilt
UNIQUE DESIGN: Made using specially designed colorful themes on smooth material. Both functional and decorative
MATERIAL: PolyCotton – With two microfiber polyester fabric layers and a fluffy down alternative one in the middle.
SIZE: King (200×230)
IT'S MACHINE WASHABLE: Machine Wash on gentle cycle with cold water, air dry recommended, shake it to let it fluffy, holds several machine wash and dry beautifully Due to the shooting, the actual color is may slightly different from the picture. Hope you understand.
Note: – Since the size is manually measured, please allow a slight dimension difference.
– Due to the different monitor and light effect, the actual colour of the item might be slightly different from the visual pictures.


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Ocular Pathology
Use it to review eye pathology for Ophthalmology Board Review or OKAP. Anatomy and pathology of the human eye. Included solar-lentigo, phakomatous choristoma (phacomatous-choristoma), congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy, Fuch's dystrophy, bullous keratopathy, conjunctival nevus, syringoma, primary acquired melanosis,carcinoma-in-situ, BIGH3 dystrophy, and other lesions seen in eye-pathology. The cornea, iris, lens, sclera, retina and optic nerve are all seen.


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In the last post we talked about Baby Step 6, where Dave Ramsey suggests that you pay off your home early.
We looked about both sides of the argument, talking about how a paid off house can give you freedom, and allow you to save, invest and give more.
We also talked about how some suggest that it isn't the best way to go, but that you should try investing and making a better return on your money.
Ramsey suggests that the positives you get by paying off your house early far outweigh the alternative.
In today's post I'll look at the final step of the 7 baby steps – building wealth and giving to others!
I think this is one of the most exciting of the baby steps because it allows you to do something for others – using your wealth to help others.
Quick Navigation
Baby Step 7 – Build Wealth And Give
Steps 1-6 of the baby steps are focused on getting together your financial life, paying off your debt, planning ahead for the future by saving and investing.
There are men who gain from their wealth only the fear of losing it. – Antoine Riverolli
In step 7 Ramsey talks about how many people have a mistaken belief that the way to have more is to hold on tightly to what they have. In reality, it doesn't work that way he says. Instead he puts forth the idea that generous people tend to be more prosperous.
Why are generous people better off? Giving to others makes you less selfish – and people who are less selfish tend to do better in both relationships – and in wealth building.
Dave Ramsey gives the example of the open fist and the closed fist.
If you have a closed fist your money is safe and it's not going anywhere. The problem is, you can't take in any new money either. With an open hand when you give – your hand is open already, and you're able to receive blessings – as you give!
The idea of holding money with an open hand might seem to violate common sense. We feel that if we don't hold on tightly to our money and our relationships, they will slip away. I'm not saying literally hold your money with an open hand – it represents our attitude toward money. When you give, you open yourself up. You allow the dollars to leave and the freedom to enter.
Giving works because it is in your personal blueprint to be a giver, and you unleash good things in your life that you will never see until you learn the art of unselfish giving. Giving lifts us out of ourselves; we take our eyes off our rights, our problems, and our stuff. The new view gives us renewed vision and hope. Giving is powerful. – Dave Ramsey
So when you have paid off all of your debt, and you've been able to save and invest – it's time to start giving as well! Not only will you be giving blessings to others, but you'll be receiving blessings in return (and not always in a monetary sense).
Why Do I Give?
There are a lot of great reasons to give. Here are a few of mine:
Surplus wealth is a sacred trust to be managed for the good of others. – Andrew Carnegie
- I'm a Christian, and I believe that I'm only a steward of everything I have – it all belongs to God. Psalm 24:1 says "The earth is the Lord's, and the fullness thereof". And since the money is all God's it sure makes it easier to give away doesn't it?
- Giving is good for you! It makes you less selfish, and helps to be more Christ-like.
- We are happiest when we are serving and giving.
- Giving helps me to live out my life purpose of helping others.
Get Creative When You Give!
Giving doesn't always have to be monetary – you can also give of your time and talents. In the end you're only limited by your creativity. Some ways you can help:
- Help a single mother buy groceries or pay a couple of bills.
- Volunteer time at your church serving others.
- Give an extra large tip to a waiter or waitress.
- Spend time with people at a local nursing home, talking and listening to them, playing music for them or just playing games with them.
- Pay for someone's meal behind you in line at the fast food restaurant.
- Serve meals at a local food shelf, and eat with them when you're done serving.
- Give to a local charity.
What are some ways that you give? Give us some suggestions in the comments!


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Tie::Hash::Regex - Match hash keys using Regular Expressions
use Tie::Hash::Regex;
my %h;
tie %h, 'Tie::Hash::Regex';
$h{key} = 'value';
$h{key2} = 'another value';
$h{stuff} = 'something else';
print $h{key}; # prints 'value'
print $h{2}; # prints 'another value'
print $h{'^s'}; # prints 'something else'
print tied(%h)->FETCH('k'); # prints 'value' and 'another value'
delete $h{k}; # deletes $h{key} and $h{key2};
or (new! improved!)
my %h : Regex;
Someone asked on Perlmonks if a hash could do fuzzy matches on keys - this is the result.
If there's no exact match on the key that you pass to the hash, then the key is treated as a regex and the first matching key is returned. You can force it to leap straight into the regex checking by passing a qr'ed regex into the hash like this:
my $val = $h{qr/key/};
and delete
also do regex matching. In the case of delete
all values matching your regex key will be deleted from the hash.
One slightly strange thing. Obviously if you give a hash a regex key, then it's possible that more than one key will match (consider $h{qw/./}
). It might be nice to be able to do stuff like:
my @vals = $h{$pat};
to get all matching values back. Unfortuately, Perl knows that a given hash key can only ever return one value and so forces scalar context on the FETCH
call when using the tied interface. You can get round this using the slightly less readable:
my @vals = tied(%h)->FETCH($pat);
From version 0.06, you can use attributes to define your hash as being tied to Tie::Hash::Regex. You'll need to install the module Attribute::Handlers. Simply declare your hash using the attribute syntax:
my %hash :Regex;
Get a value from the hash. If there isn't an exact match try a regex match.
See if a key exists in the hash. If there isn't an exact match try a regex match.
Delete a key from the hash. If there isn't an exact match try a regex match.
Dave Cross <email@example.com>
Thanks to the Perlmonks http://www.perlmonks.org for the original idea and to Jeff "japhy" Pinyan for some useful code suggestions.
Copyright (C) 2001-8, Magnum Solutions Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
This script is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.


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All the bestM.D. Creekmore at The Survivalist Blog – a survival blog others prepare dedicated to helping for and survive disaster – with articles on bug out bag contents, survival knife choices and a wealth of other survival information is giving away a 1,000 round case of 9mm – 124 Grain FMJ (a $200 value – donated by LuckyGunner)! To enter, you just have to post about it on your blog. This is my entry. Visit The Survivalist Blog for the details.
Glenn B


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ALSF Childhood Cancer Research Grants
With your support, we have been able to fund outstanding research, leading toward cures and improved quality of life for children with cancer. Browse through more than 1,500 funded projects below.
Use the search tool to refine your results. You can also click on a heading to sort by project title, institution name, or year the grant was awarded. Click on the project title to read more information.
You can learn about ALSF's grant review process here.
ALSF Funded Research Projects
Project Title | Institution / Principal Investigator(s) | Grant Type | Year | State |
Targeting the Metabolic Drivers of Chemo Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Harvard University / Nick van Gastel, PhD | Young Investigator Grants | 2018 | Massachusetts |
The Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in Leukemia | University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas / Michalis Agathocleous, PhD | 'A' Award Grants | 2018 | Texas |
Therapeutic Targeting of Childhood Leukemia by Pharmacological Inhibition of Proteolytic Cleavage of MLL1 | Northwestern University (Illinois) / Zibo Zhao, PhD | Young Investigator Grants | 2018 | Illinois |


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"We are constantly battling against increases of wealth... There's a very fundamental problem here that no one really wants to talk about."
Stuart Bond of WWF told the Beeb: "Our claims on emissions are simply a big lie.
"There is no way the government can hope to achieve any of its emissions targets without cheating unless it changes its policies on encouraging flying and hoping to satisfy people's insatiable demands for buying more and more stuff."
Put in plain language: "We want you to not be able to buy things just because you want them, we want you to be poor. Because poor people tend to be easier to control, and we need to control what you buy and what you do."
As to how that should be done, Bond was reluctant to give specifics(gee, I wonder why?). But he said there was a need for a "strategic plan to set out very clearly how the UK will become a low carbon economy by 2050... at the moment there is no central priority for environmental issues. Consumers' consumption of goods is the driver of emissions. The continued pursuit of GDP, of economic growth - that is a mantra that we must question."
"All you damn peasants, stop buying and making things! We mean it!"
"We need to live within 450ppm CO2," he went on. "That's going to mean a very large cut - 80, 90 per cent - in emissions, within 40 years. We need to increase energy efficiency, sure, but it won't do to just put in a few energy-saving light bulbs. We need to think bigger."
"You need to make do with less, because we say so! It's all to make Mother Gaia smile upon us, so do what you're told!"
Bond also considered it essential that limited wealth and resources be distributed more equitably around the world.
Now, why isn't that a surprise, after the 'central priority', i.e. Central Planning, comment?
"We need to make this work for all," he said, "not just the privileged in developed countries."
"It's not enough to keep third world peoples living in dung huts and cutting wood to cook with; we ALL(except us elites who need modern stuff to keep you in line) need to be living like it's 1599. Maybe 14."
Asked if this wasn't, in the end, going to mean a fairly hair-shirt lifestyle for us Brits - no cars, no tumble dryers, fewer showers and iPods and so on - Bond said that "economic wealth isn't the same as happiness or directly linked to quality of life ... It's about a quantity lifestyle - more and more stuff - versus quality".
"We say you will be happy peasants, living in your eco-villages. You WILL be happier without all those electric conveniences and power tools and such(and a lot easier to control, but let's not mention that for now), just like the
Bond was also sceptical about the chances of a technological solution appearing - for instance nuclear-fusion power, so far harnessed only in the form of H-Bombs. Working fusion reactors, if they could be built, might offer abundant and effectively inexhaustible energy without carbon emissions.
"The idea of a technological fix is one we should be cautious about," he said. "So often there are unintended consequences or trade-offs. Look at the 'paperless office' - there's now more paper, not less. Look at biofuels. I'd be wary of believing that a technology solution will arrive in time.
"Dammit, stop looking for actual working ways to produce abundant, cost-efficient energy! WE DO NOT WANT YOU TO HAVE THAT, don't you understand?"
And take note of this at the bottom about the 'government and campaign group WWF:
*The one-time World Wildlife Fund, set up in the Sixties to protect endangered species. Nowadays it has widened its remit considerably, and like the multinational arms goliath BAE says that its title letters no longer refer to specific words.
Hmmm, I wonder if they're still raising money as the World Wildlife Fund? This is the group that, back in the late 60's/early 70's commissioned a study to show how endgangered the leopard was in Africa so they could use that information to raise more money. The study came back saying the leopard, in sub-saharan Africa was nowhere near endangered, and some regions had so many they were a pest. So the WWF tried to completely bury the study while they went on pleading for money to 'save the leopard'. Seems they've decided to more openly declare themselves watermelons, now.