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Doj Awards 46.2 Million To Support Children Exposed To Violence
Experiments for NASA space missions have shown that small amounts of edible meat can be created in a lab. But the technology that could grow chicken nuggets without the chicken, on a large scale, may not be just a science fiction fantasy.
In a paper in the June 29 issue of Tissue Engineering, a team of scientists, including University of Maryland doctoral student Jason Matheny, propose two new techniques of tissue engineering that may one day lead to affordable production of in vitro – lab grown — meat for human consumption. It is the first peer-reviewed discussion of the prospects for industrial production of cultured meat.
"There would be a lot of benefits from cultured meat," says Matheny, who studies agricultural economics and public health. "For one thing, you could control the nutrients. For example, most meats are high in the fatty acid Omega 6, which can cause high cholesterol and other health problems. With in vitro meat, you could replace that with Omega 3, which is a healthy fat.
"Cultured meat could also reduce the pollution that results from raising livestock, and you wouldn't need the drugs that are used on animals raised for meat."
Prime Without the Rib
The idea of culturing meat is to create an edible product that tastes like cuts of beef, poultry, pork, lamb or fish and has the nutrients and texture of meat.
Scientists know that a single muscle cell from a cow or chicken can be isolated and divided into thousands of new muscle cells. Experiments with fish tissue have created small amounts of in vitro meat in NASA experiments researching potential food products for long-term space travel, where storage is a problem.
"But that was a single experiment and was geared toward a special situation – space travel," says Matheny. "We need a different approach for large scale production."
Matheny's team developed ideas for two techniques that have potential for large scale meat production. One is to grow the cells in large flat sheets on thin membranes. The sheets of meat would be grown and stretched, then removed from the membranes and stacked on top of one another to increase thickness.
The other method would be to grow the muscle cells on small three-dimensional beads that stretch with small changes in temperature. The mature cells could then be harvested and turned into a processed meat, like nuggets or hamburgers.
Treadmill Meat
To grow meat on a large scale, cells from several different kinds of tissue, including muscle and fat, would be needed to give the meat the texture to appeal to the human palate.
"The challenge is getting the texture right," says Matheny. "We have to figure out how to 'exercise' the muscle cells. For the right texture, you have to stretch the tissue, like a live animal would."
Where's the Beef?
And, the authors agree, it might take work to convince consumers to eat cultured muscle meat, a product not yet associated with being produced artificially.
"On the other hand, cultured meat could appeal to people concerned about food safety, the environment, and animal welfare, and people who want to tailor food to their individual tastes," says Matheny. The paper even suggests that meat makers may one day sit next to bread makers on the kitchen counter.
"The benefits could be enormous," Matheny says. "The demand for meat is increasing world wide — China 's meat demand is doubling every ten years. Poultry consumption in India has doubled in the last five years.
"With a single cell, you could theoretically produce the world's annual meat supply. And you could do it in a way that's better for the environment and human health. In the long term, this is a very feasible idea."
Matheny saw so many advantages in the idea that he joined several other scientists in starting a nonprofit, New Harvest, to advance the technology. One of these scientists, Henk Haagsman, Professor of Meat Science at Utrecht University, received a grant from the Dutch government to produce cultured meat, as part of a national initiative to reduce the environmental impact of food production.
Other authors of the paper are Pieter Edelman of Wageningen University , Netherlands ; Douglas McFarland, South Dakota State University ; and Vladimir Mironov, Medical University of South Carolina.

subset: commoncrawl


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Delicious, handcrafted beverages and great-tasting food made from simple, yet finest ingredients. Coffee is at our heart, and so are all the ways we bring the Starbucks experience to you, wherever you are.
Whether it's your favorite go-to cup of coffee to get your day started or a quick pick-me-up treat, we've got something for everyone. Here are some sips and bites to help you celebrate the little joys of everyday.


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Founded in 1865, the University of Kentucky in Lexington offers more than 200 academic programs to its 22,000 undergraduate students. It is one of only eight institutions in the country with the full set of liberal arts, engineering, professional, agricultural and medical colleges. With a "great variety in majors and classes" available, many undergraduates find UK has "available opportunities for students in all fields of study." Enrollees find support outside their standard classroom work with "so many study abroad options" and the chance to "become involved in undergraduate research." Many courses also incorporate "active technology learning classrooms," and some degree programs have hybrid classes. From classroom to campus, Kentucky makes sure that "everything is there to help the students—all of the resources you could need."
Undergrads say the faculty is "passionate about giving us more than just degrees" and most have "a great base of knowledge, enthusiasm, and accessibility." Students enthusiastically recommend registering for courses with seasoned teachers who have industry experience because they "are the best at their job," and "are able to answer questions from personal experience more so than just textbook knowledge." But regardless of if you're learning from a TA or a tenured faculty member, undergrads appreciate the fact that their instructors "do their best to make the material interesting and engaging." Many enrollees also value "the availability of professors and their willingness to help" after class and during offices hours. "They are more than professors; they are mentors for me and networking connections for the field," says a student.


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in all the years odin has been playing hockey he has yet to play goalie in a game, but since getting moved up to the "squirts" he's known he was going to have to play the position since the coaches like everyone to rotate around to get a feel for what they might like to specialize in later on their hockey "careers".
maybe more so than other positions, being a goalie is tough to just "drop in" during a game so they have special goalie practices during the week and odin decided it was something he'd like to give a try so he could get used to wearing the special pads while practicing moving around, dropping to the ice and getting back up quickly and handling the goalie stick all while trying to keep an eye on the puck.
while a bit pensive about the whole thing before practice, we were not really surprised to find that he absolutely, positively loved it. maybe he'll thing differently about it after his first time in a game as goalie. or maybe not. for now, he's really wants to keep going to goalie practice in addition to his regular practices. which means another night of hockey practice for us all 🙂
who knows, maybe it's the beginning of his life as a goalie.
( btw, odin is in the upper left of the picture in the white jersey )


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I must admit, I tend to go on holidays on a whim, flying on the seat of my pants most of the time. Heck, I don't even book hotels most of the time (one memorable trip to Guilin comes to mind) and just walk-in when I land. Heh.
It's partly for the fun of it (can you say adventure?) but mostly it's coz I get sudden last minute urges to just jump on a plane and go somewhere.
…and I do mean last minute.
It's just so easy with AirAsia bookings, just click, click, click followed by an hour of chucking stuff into my backpack and rummaging around for my passport and off I go.
I have even been known to forget about visa requirements and having to rush last minute to get it sorted out less than 12 hours before I fly. #champion
However, during one of my Europe backpacking trips, I did the same thing, and ended up without a place to stay coz all the backpacker places were booked out and I couldn't afford to stay in a hotel. I ended up sleeping at the airport for the first day.
It was freezing cold and the automatic doors kept on opening and closing so I couldn't get any proper rest.
I have seen the AirAsiaGo site before but I've never actually truly explored that option. However, the savings from a combined flight + hotel deal could be rather significant.
…and you'll still retain your freedom to do whatever you want.
Best of all, the hotels can be grouped by price so you can choose based on your budget. There are over 100,000+ accommodation types available, from the most basic to the obscenely luxurious. There are also 5,000+ tours and activities on offer.
You can also opt for a tour package if that's your thing but essentially you can just use it as a hotel added on to your flight, all conveniently located in one site so you don't have to waste precious hours searching around.
AirAsiaGo is having their OMG 72 Hours Sale! which features promo fares and discounted hotels to Bangkok, Langkawi, Perth, Osaka and Beijing. The booking period is from the 25-27th September and you can start flying from 1st October to 30th November!
I figure I'll give it a shot. I group my travels into two separate experiences – solo backpacking and holidays and for the latter I wouldn't want any hassles. The flight + hotel combo looks mighty tempting with its heavy discounts.
It's perfect for last minute travel addicts like me, I love deals like this coz I don't have to wait long to travel. Grab your passport and let your wanderlust take over! Stay tuned to the AirAsiaGo Facebook page – they're going to reveal their promo soon! 🙂
P/S – Just got the news!
Kuala Lumpur – Bangkok: 3D/2N Hotel Stay + Return Flights + All Taxes from RM 589/person.
Kuala Lumpur – Osaka: 5D/4N Hotel Stay + Return Flights + All Taxes from RM 980/person.
Those are the last minute travel deals. 😀


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A Plague Upon the White House
I am not a conventionally religious man, or even a very superstitious one, but I do wish George Bush would stop asking God to bless America. Every time he does, we seem to be visited with another plague, suggesting divine wrath over our president's evil ways. How else to explain the persistent calamity that has marked this administration?I am not a conventionally religious man, or even a very superstitious one, but I do wish George Bush would stop asking God to bless America. Every time he does, we seem to be visited with another plague, suggesting divine wrath over our president's evil ways. How else to explain the persistent calamity that has marked this administration: a pointless but very costly war over nonexistent Iraqi weapons of mass destruction, the devastating New Orleans flood, the betrayal of the nation by the money-changers—from Enron to Goldman Sachs—that Bush welcomed into the temple of the White House?
What's next? Pestilence, frogs, locusts or incurable boils? Dare we risk four more years of catastrophic misrule by a "W" alter ego? For those indifferent to the serious implications of that question, I recommend Oliver Stone's new bio-flick, which brilliantly captures the "banality of evil" that has controlled our political life these past eight years. This phrase from Hannah Arendt's characterization of the mundane cruelty that so marked the daily experience of European fascism has a frightening applicability to the Republican leadership that has done so much damage to this nation's reputation for democratic integrity.
Cynicism rules even as ritualistic prayer breaks, as depicted in the film "W," abound. The pretense of piety earns the president and his accomplices a get-out-of-jail-free card; at no point in the film do any in the top ranks of this administration — captured so accurately and depressingly — accept one iota of accountability for how much damage they have wrought. Unrepentant, the same Republican apparatchiks are employing the familiar Rovian tactic of divide and conquer in seeking to continue their hold on power. Once again, they seek to focus attention on hot-button social issues and patriotic litmus tests to draw attention from the fact that family values are being destroyed by the loss of job and home.
Perhaps John McCain is not a perfect replica of George W. Bush, but the parallels go beyond the senator's enthusiastic support for the toxic mix of Bush's imperial foreign policy and his arrogant indifference to the travails of our domestic existence. Neither man seems to have any sense of how we actually live or what we need from government. How else to explain their common antipathy to Social Security and Medicare, which, after public education, represent the nation's most successful programs? Can you imagine the panic today if McCain and Bush had succeeded in tying Social Security to investments in the stock market? They view government as nothing more than a proud sponsor of the military-industrial complex while ignoring the threat to homeland security from corporate pirates.
Don't say we weren't warned. Bush came into office believing fervently that what was good for Enron and its CEO, Kenneth "Kenny Boy" Lay, Bush's top financial sponsor, was good for the country. So, too, McCain, who chose Phil Gramm as co-chair of his presidential campaign, ignoring the huge loophole in Gramm's Commodity Futures Trading Act, which allowed Enron, where his wife, Wendy Gramm, was on the board of directors, to so shamelessly game the energy market.
Trumpeting the benefits of the legislation he tacked onto an omnibus spending bill the day before the 2000 Christmas recess, then-Sen. Gramm stated: "It protects financial institutions from over-regulation. It provides legal certainty for the $60 billion market in swaps." Those swaps created the toxic investments that U.S. taxpayers are now stuck with as the nation struggles to save those unregulated financial institutions from bankruptcy.
McCain, who should have learned the cost of radical deregulation from his own involvement in the savings and loan scandal as one of the infamous "Keating Five," totally bought Gramm's line. McCain was the chair of Gramm's 1996 presidential bid and up until major Wall Street firms collapsed continued to echo the insistence of the former-Texas-senator-turned-banker that there was no real crisis in the financial markets.
McCain evidences the underlying motivator attributed to Bush in Stone's movie: the distorted priorities of a son of privilege doing battle with the legacy of more gifted and responsible family ancestors. Both grew up as spoiled screw-ups repeatedly bailed out of trouble by their highly accomplished fathers, in McCain's case an admiral, and both assume, as a matter of legacy, that they have a right to rule. What they ignored in their legacy was a Christian's obligation to make the economic system that handsomely rewarded their kin at least minimally responsive to the needs of ordinary folk.
Robert Scheer is the editor in chief of Truthdig and author of a new book, "The Pornography of Power: How Defense Hawks Hijacked 9/11 and Weakened America."
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If you purchased a COBY KYROS Tablet and it is behaving sluggishly or you forgot the lock pattern, you may have to reset Android to solve your situation.
You are lucky enough tthat COBY, the company behind the Coby Kyros tablet is concerned about the welfare of their equipment:
Coby released an official method to
Unfortunately at the time of this writing we cannot give you the actual web link to the official reset Android method because Coby USA official website seems to be offline, but you can try it at any time: www.cobyusa.com
This will also add the traditional option of restoring into factory defaults through the settings menu, in caso you still got a working Coby Kyros tablet.
Before starting the Android reset process you should be aware that all your personal files and settings will be lost. Therefore, if you still have access to the Android Operative system, you can do a backup with any backup tool, which you will find on your favorite internet market store tool.
First way to reset ANDROID on COBY KYROS Tablet
This is the official method used to reset Android on the COBY KYROS when you do not have access to the system. You will invoke a hidden Android recovery menu and from there you will be able to return the device to its original factory default state:
- Turn off the tablet as follows: Press (and keep pressed) the power button until the DEVICE OPTION menu appears. Select POWER OFF and click on OK.
- When your Coby Kyros tablet is fully OFF, press the BACK and POWER buttons at the same time for eight seconds aprox.
- If you did it right you will see a android with a yellow triangle. Press the BACK button once.
- The hidden Android Recovery menu will appear onscreen. With the HOME and MENU buttons you will be able to move up and down among the available options.
- Navigate into " Wipe data / Factory Reset " and select it with the BACK button
- Do the same with the next option " Yes – Delete all user data"
- Wait for the process to finish and select REBOOT SYSTEM NOW to restart the tablet
This method to reset Android on your Coby Kyros is applied from the settings menu: Settings> Backup and Restore > Factory Data Reset > Clear data , wait a few minutes the process automatically restarts your device.
If you need aditional information on the COBY KYROS Tablet reset procedures, please contact us through the comments section below.


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Weapon Changes
(Redirected from Beta Weapons)
Some of the information on this page might not be accurate. Please help by correcting the information, finding sources to prove the information, or discussing the issues on the talk page. |
Beta Weapons are weapons that were not included in the game. It is also includes some weapons that didn't make it to the final game and weapons have their models changed. Many made well during development and it is unknown why they were removed. However, very most of them can be obtained through cheat devices and trainers.
Grand Theft Auto 2
- Weapons called electro-baton, instant vehicle bomb and microwave were cut. The first two have their HUD icons inside game files.
GTA Vice City
- The AK-47 was cut before the release of the game.
- Landmines were cut.
- The Grenade Launcher was also cut.
- It is said that the Tazer was also included in the game, but was also cut.
- The Nailgun was believed to be included in the game.
- Deep inside the PS2 version there are some remaining files (model, texture) of Steyr Aug.
- The PSG-1 never had a silencer.
- The MP5 looked shorter.
- The M4 in the retail version was originally an M16A2.
- Tear Gas was removed from Xbox, PC and later PS2 versions of the game.
GTA San Andreas
- The Skateboard was cut from the PC version. It was a melee weapon. Available as a mod for the PC version but is already usable on the PS2 version.
- The M47 Dragon was cut.
- The M82 was cut.
- The Grenade Launcher was cut again in the game.
- M249 SAW and M60 were cut.
- The Micro SMG known from GTA VC was also removed, but can be seen in several early screenshots.
GTA Liberty City Stories
- There is existing tear gas, but it can be only acquired via trainers.
GTA Vice City Stories
- The tear gas and landmines were going to be included in the game. However, they can be obtained through trainers.
- The phone was cut and replaced with a pager. In the PSP version it's possible to take the phone out with cheat devices, but it's useless.
- The Scorpion was originally shot two-handed.[1]
- The Camera was originally available outside of missions and would've been found behind a building in Ocean Beach.[2][3]
GTA Advance
- The Barrel was cut.
- The silenced 9mm pistol, revolver, MP5, flamethrower, nightstick, wooden bat, pool cue and minigun were to be included in the game.
The Ballad of Gay Tony
- Armando Torres would have be able to sell every weapon in the game from his gun van including the Desert Eagle and the Micro Uzi.
- The Automatic Shotgun was fully automatic.
- The Advanced Sniper's scope was not tinted green.
- The Assault SMG did not have a silencer.
- The Parachute was all yellow in the beta, instead of yellow, white and blue.
- The Advanced Rifle originally looked a little different.[4]
- The Combat MG originally looked very similar to TBoGT's Combat MG.[5]
- The Assault SMG originally looked much more like a real FN P90.[6]
- The Heavy Rifle, a SCAR-like rifle, was cut.[7]
- The Assault Sniper, an M110-like rifle, was cut.[8]
- The Assault MG, based on the HK21, was cut.[9]
- A smart gun called the Programmable A.R., based on the XM-25, was cut.[10][11][12][13]
- The Wrench was going to be a usable melee weapon.[14]
- The Fire Axe was going to be a usable melee weapon.[15]
- The Shovel was going to be a usable melee weapon.[16]
- A Loudhailer was cut, it was most likely a mission only weapon.[17]
- The Lasso was cut.[18]
- A Rubbergun was cut,[12] which was very similar to a Micro SMG[19] and shot rubber bullets.[20]
Vehicle Weapons
- The Laser weapon is unused.[21]
- The Hunter weapon is unused.[22]
- The Dune weapon is unused, it is a .50 cal machine gun.[23]
- The Hind weapons were cut, both Gun and Rocket.[23]
- The Vulkan weapons were cut, both Guns and Rocket.[24]
- The Submersible weapons were cut.[23]
- ↑ File:Vcs-beta-scorpion.jpg
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ File:AdvancedRifle-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:CombatMG-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:AssaultSMG-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:HeavyRifle-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:Weapons-GTAV-HUDtextures.png
- ↑ File:AssaultMG-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:XM25replica-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:ProgrammableAR-GTAV-HUDreticule.png
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 File:Rubbergun&ProgrammableAR-GTAV-pedpersonality.meta.png
- ↑ From global.gxt2: AM_H_PROGAR = Press and hold ~INPUT_AIM~ to aim the Programmable A.R. then press ~INPUT_ATTACK~ to set the range.~n~Once the range has been set press ~INPUT_ATTACK~ to fire.
- ↑ File:Wrench-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:Fireaxe-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:Shovel-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:Loudhailer-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:Lasso-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ File:Rubbergun-GTAV-beta.png
- ↑ Line 479 of GTA V's weaponfx.dat: # RUBBER BULLET VS GLASS #
- ↑ File:VehicleLaser-GTAV-data.png
- ↑ File:Hunter-GTAV-weapondata.png
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 File:Vehicleweapons-GTAV-handlingdat.png
- ↑ File:Weapons-GTAV-HUDreticulescaleform.png


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Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast food) has a meaning. (And a confession..)
Another New Year's Day has come and gone. If you're a longtime reader you may be wondering why this site, which is dedicated (for the most part) to the subject of Japanese cooking, doesn't have a lot of - well, barely any - osechi ryouri (お節料理) or traditional New Year's feast recipes, or done a serious feature about osechi. One excuse is that for various reasons, I've never actually been in Japan for New Years for quite a long time. The last time I was with even part of my family for New Years was in New York in 2003 or something, when my mother was still living there. She invited over some of the chefs from her restaurant, who took over her kitchen and made what they liked - platters of sashimi, a couple of lobsters, and a huge rib roast from Lobel's. There might have been a little bit of osechi stuff besides, but it got overwhelmed by all the expensive protein. That, and the abundant sake and beer. Another excuse is that assembling the osechi ingredients and making everything is really a lot of work. Assembling the ingredients in Japan is okay - you can just mailorder everything if it comes down to it - but elsewhere, it gets a bit tough.
But those are really just...excuses. My main reason for never really featuring osechi is...I just don't like most of the food that goes into osechi that much. I love ozouni and other (o)mochi dishes, and there are some things I do like, like the namasu (carrot and daikon relish/salad) that I featured recently over on Just Bento. But quite a few of other things are mostly too sweet, too salty, or just - really old fashioned, and not in a good way.
Osechi ryouri is supposed to be made before New Year's Day dawns, and to last for days without refrigeration during the 7-day New Years period of feasting and rest. The original reason for this period of rest or non-cooking was supposed to be to appease the fire god, Kohjin, who might get pissed if one made fires so early in the year or something. Then in later years, this period of non-cooking was ostensibly to give the housewife a rest - though since she has to spend hours and days making tons of food in advance, you have to wonder how much rest she actually got.
In any case, the need for the food to keep for several days during the non-cooking period accounts for the heavy use of preserving ingredients like sugar, salt and vinegar in osechi ryouri. Most osechi ryouri items are also really time consuming and fiddly to make, and nowadays almost no one in Japan makes everything in an osechi. Some people just order complete ready-to-serve sets; department stores and restaurants start taking orders as early as September. (See Plastic Fantastic New Year's Feasts.) Others, like my mother, make most of it and just buy things that are too difficult. As for me - I don't mind making things that are fiddly and time consuming if the end results taste good enough to warrant it. But osechi? Not so much.
Anyway, I asked my mother to take pictures of her osechi this year so that I could show you all what goes in there. She or my aunt made everything except for the kamaboko and kazunoko. She put some of her osechi into a gorgeous 2-tier magewappa (bent wood) box rather than the usual fake-lacquerware plastic box. (The multi-layered box or juubako itself doesn't have a long history, but it's also considered to be bring good luck, since you are layering or multiflying good things, symbolically.) Everything has a symbolic, lucky meaning, as with all festive Japanese food. Note that my mom and aunt grew up in the Kanto region, in Saitama prefecture which is next to Tokyo, so this is a fairly typical Kanto-region osechi spread. If your mother/grandmother/aunt/wife/in-laws do things differently it's probably because of regional variances.
Here's the first layer.
Starting from top:
- in the right side divide is onishime (お煮しめ), various winter vegetables, konnyaku, and fu (wheat gluten) simmered together. Often chicken is added to this. The renkon (lotus root) is lucky because you are supposed to be able to see through the holes into the future, and the gobo (burdock root) is good because of its long, tough fibers (suji), which signify perseverance and such. I do like onishime,so I'll post a recipe eventually. For New Years, the cook of the house (usually the wife) would make a huge pot of this and heat it through daily until it was all gone. The beige thingies you see sticking out are pieces of fu.
- two whole grilled shrimp. A big osechi spread might use ise ebi, a type of lobster, but regular shrimp will do. Shrimp, with their long 'beards' (tentacles?) and bent backs are supposed to look like old men, hence symbolizing the wish for long life. Plus the red color is lucky and festive.
- A couple of bits of mikaki nishin or migaki nishin (身欠きニシン)- dried herring
- a piece of kobumaki (昆布巻き) or konbu seaweed roll with a piece of fish (usually more mikaki nishin herring) inside. "Kobumaki" is supposed to sound like "yorokobu", which means to be happy or express happiness. This was my nemesis - I absolutely hated it when I was little - the taste and texture of the simmered konbu was overwhelming to me, and I disliked the mikaki nishin even more. Even now I would not go out of my way for a taste.
Going over to the left side:
- two simmered kuwai (クワイ), a type of bulbous vegetable (apparently called arrowhead in English, but I've never seen it sold outside of Japan). Kuwai sprout easily and vigorously, and the term me ga deru - to sprout - means for something to succeed or get ahead in life or ones career, and medetai means good fortune or luck. (When you congratulate someone you say omedetou gozaimasu, which literally means "you have had good fortune".)
- a piece of roast pork. No significance to that beyond that it must have tasted good! ^_^
- a couple of pieces of datemaki (伊達巻き, pronounced da-teh-ma-ki). This is a type of rolled omelette, but it has ground fish or shrimp mixed together with the egg. Datemaki is named after Masamune Date (伊達政宗), a 16th-17th century feudal lord who founded the city of Sendai among other things. Although he was regarded as a great strategist and general, he was also known for his style and looks (the term date-otoko means a stylish, cool and/or good looking man) and his gourmet palate. Datemaki are included in osechi because they look good, and tend to keep longer than tamagoyaki. The rolled shape also supposed to look like a makimono or rolled up painting or piece of calligraphy, signs of knowledge and culture. However, in the Kyoto/Kansai region, a dashimaki tamago (tamagoyaki made with dashi stock) is usually used instead of datemaki. (I prefer tamagoyaki or dashimaki tamago to datemaki to be honest!) This datemaki was made by my aunt, and has some sea eel (anago) in the middle.
Here's another layer.
Again starting from the top right and going clockwise:
- some more onishime decorated with carrots cut to look like twisted plum blossoms (this is a standard decorative vegetable cut).
- Salted and marinated kazunoko (数の子), pacific herring roe, with katsuobushi (bonito flakes). This is considered lucky because of the multitude of eggs or ko, children, signifying the wish to be blessed with children. The golden color is also festive. I love kazunoko now, but as a child found it way too salty.
- kuromame (黒豆), slowly simmered black beans. As with many Japanese bean dishes, this is quite sweet. The beans are made so shiningly black by either cooking them in a cast iron pot, or putting an iron nail in with the beans. Any kind of bean (mame) is supposed to signify the wish to work hard and diligently (mame ni hataraku).
- in the center are slices of pink and red kamaboko (蒲鉾, fish cake) and some more datemaki. Kamaboko is eaten year round - you may have encountered it in ramen or in bentos - but the pink (red) and white color combination is considered to be festive and lucky.
- the little fish are called tazukuri (田作り) and are dried anchovies with a sticky sweet-salty sauce. These fish used to be so abundant that they were used as fertilizer in rice paddies. Now they aren't as abundant, but are included in an osechi to signify the wish for a good harvest.
- The golden yellow things are kurikinton (栗きんとん), a sweet concoction made with chestnuts boiled in sugar and sweet potatoes with syrup. The golden color comes from gardenia seeds. It's the color that makes this a good luck food, signifying the wish for wealth. Kinton is nice in small amounts, especially when it's not made too sweet. I see my mom has tucked in a couple more kuwai in with them.
Here's the spread at my mother's table on New Year's Day, taken by my sister Mayumi with her cellphone. She's put out the rest of the osechi foods on plates. There's also some namasu and mochi with kinako as well as ozouni.
The assortment on my mother's table is pretty traditional, but nowadays it's quite common to have some sashimi, slices of roast beef and so on with a small amount of osechi just for luck. Kids in particular tend to not like osechi ryouri. Luckily for my mother, both my niece and nephew love traditional Japanese food. My nephew Lyoh reportedly ate kinako mochi and who knows how much ozouni.
Perhaps, if I manage to make it to Japan for next New Year's Day, I'll tackle some osechi ryouri myself. In the meantime, I hope you enjoyed this look at how people eat, or at least used to it, on the most important feast day in Japan!
If you enjoyed this article, please consider becoming my patron via Patreon. ^_^
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
Such an interesting post. I probably would not have liked most of the items as well, especially as a child. Thanks for the great insight - the variety and depth of meanings for food in Japan really puts me in awe.
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
Just out of curiosity, why does cooking the kuromame with an iron nail produce such a glossy texture?
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
Irongluconate is used nowadays to blacken food, mostly olives but also as an iron substitution in the medical world.
If you get medication for low iron levels, it will mostly be irongluconate.
Like the name suggests it is a concotion of iron and glucose.
Iron nails will loose iron, the cooking liquid provides the glucose and both together will form the black colour..
So you could effectively boost your iron intake when you use iron cookingware, or just do it like entioned above with the nails.
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
I'm curious about the bentwood bento box - were they traditionally made by heating the wood with steam and then shaping it? Here on the Northwest Coast of North America, there is also a bentwood box tradition, and it'd be neat if similar techniques were used on both sides of the Pacific.
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
that is a good looking spread! you are so lucky to have a mom that sticks to tradition and seems to enjoy it!
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
My memory of osechi ryouri comes from being on a Girl Scout exchange nearly 10 years ago (!) I struggle to like preserved Western food but I remember loving the strong tastes in osechi ryouri. They seemed so different from what I had already eaten during my exchange and now I know why! I remember seeing tiny but whole crabs in the family bento. I still love the story of prawns just as much. The older my grandparents get the more the symbolism seems to mean something.
Thank you for the wonderful trip down memory lane Maki. I realise how lucky I was to being staying with a Japanese family as New Year.
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
Thank you so much for this post! I celebrated the new year with my Japanese American family, and we had the whole osechi ryori (bought from Marukai) along with various multi-cultural dishes. Unfortunately, our family has been in the US so long that even the oldest aunties and uncles didn't remember what the different foods meant! I always eat the vegetables, shrimp, and kamaboko, but the rest of it never looks particularly appetizing... I should try to be more adventurous next year.
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
Very nice post ~ super informational. I love to know the "why" behind anything. I can imagine how homesick you might get when writing about such things. Thank you for sharing!
Happy New Year! Thanks so much for the detailed explanation of the different types of osechi ryouri. Really great! I love learning about new dishes.
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
ahhh natsukashii...I hope you do go to Japan for New Year next year and enjoy the celebration and feast. My mother and grandmothers have all passed on, and I can only remember and cook a few dishes. I bought a few things this year, but there is nothing like homemade traditional foods. Thank you for this post. Maybe next year I'll spend it in Hawaii with my family and eat lots of sashimi! Happy New Year!
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
happy new year maki!
coming from a chinese family, it is interesting to note the similarities & differences between the traditional new year foods. makes me wish i could be home for the new year!
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
OK, I am addicted to your website now! Osechi looks so yummy. Thanks for all the useful information you're sharing here!
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
It was fabulous going to Japan for New Year's and visiting the temple, although it would have probably been a better experience to visit when the sakura blossoms and more shops are open :D
Kuwai, or arrowhead, is known as ngaku in chinese. Now that chinese new year is approaching I've seen it for sale in the supermarkets in Malaysia. The root is shaved and made into chips, and taste absolutely delicious seasoned with salt!
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
I would love some onishime/nimono recipes!
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
Wonderful post!My Japanese best friend makes some new year's food every year, but she didn't know all the meanings. Thanks to your post, I can finally help her fill in the blanks! Happy New Year!
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
I just love cooking sites. This site has been driving for nearly a year now. I always keep looking for new recipes in this site. And as a matter of fact I would like to say that this site has developed the cook in me.
Re: Everything in osechi ryouri (Japanese New Year's feast ...
My step-father is Japanese. Every New Year his mom would send a package from Japan filled with treats. She always sent a few bags of these hard twisted fried cookies. She came to the US once and made them at my mom's house, but because of the language barrier and the fact that they baked from memory, my mom wasn't able to get the recipe, but she remembered the ingredients were very simple. Just eggs flour, sugar and a few other things. They were rolled out to about a quarter inch, cut into rectangles, a slit was made down the center and it was twisted inside itself, then fried.
If you know and can share this recipe, if be ever so grateful.


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The ECONYL® Regeneration System starts with rescuing waste otherwise polluting the Earth, like fishing nets, fabric scraps, carpet flooring and industrial plastic all over the world. That waste is then sorted and cleaned to recover all of the nylon possible.he same as fossil-based nylon.
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Brian Laundrie's Belongings Found in Park, Medical Examiner and Cadaver Dog Called to Investigate
UPDATE (4:34 PM): In a press conference with local police and the FBI, it was revealed that Brian Laundrie's notebook and backpack were discovered in an area that was previously underwater.
ORIGINAL STORY (4:30 PM): The search for Brian Laundrie has finally produced updates after personal items of his were discovered.
On Wednesday (Oct. 20), the FBI issued a statement announcing that "items of interest were located at the Carlton Reserve this morning in connection with the search for Brian Laundrie."
Steven Bertolino, attorney for the Laundrie family, confirmed to CNN that a search party found "some articles" belonging to Brian on a trail that he frequented in Sarasota County, Fla.
Authorities called a medical examiner, cadaver dog, spotters, emergency response team and mobile unit to the Myakkahatchee Creek Environmental Park. The Federal Aviation Administration also issued a temporary flight restriction over the park that will expire in two days. Officials have closed the park to the public.
Brian's parents, Roberta and Chris Laundrie, joined the search for their son on Wednesday morning. Law enforcement officials are currently conducting a more detailed search in the area with the additional resources now on site.
A video from Fox News shows Roberta and Chris discovering a white bag and a dark-colored object near the edge of a brush, which the couple then hand off to police officers.
A senior law enforcement official also told the outlet that they also discovered "what appear to be human remains" near where Brian's items were discovered. It is unknown who those remains belong to. It has been reported that the remains were once underwater.
This story is developing...


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Our next guest spent three years as the prime minister of Israel. Later, he went to prison. Former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert was convicted of corruption. Olmert has always said he's innocent, but he's still had to serve 16 months in jail. And that's where he wrote most of his book "Searching For Peace: A Memoir Of Israel." It recently came out in English, and in it, he reflects on his long political career, which took him to the White House, the Kremlin. He tried to negotiate peace between Israelis and Palestinians, all of that relevant to the news of today. I spoke with Olmert last week before the recent clashes at the Al-Aqsa mosque compound in Jerusalem. He was at home in Tel Aviv. We began by talking about his time in jail.
EHUD OLMERT: It's not the best possible way to spend your time, if that's what you need to know. Well, the bottom line - you may be president and prime minister or an ordinary citizen. When the court decides that you're guilty, you're guilty. And you have to bow your head and accept the judgment and behave accordingly, which I did.
ESTRIN: You were washing the floors just like any other prisoner.
OLMERT: Absolutely. I can't complain about the circumstances, conditions. I had the premises there that allowed me to just sit in a room where I could concentrate and write my book. And that's what I did.
ESTRIN: You reflect in the book on your long career. There were many formative events...
OLMERT: Yeah.
ESTRIN: ...Including your decade as mayor of Jerusalem. And this was during a period of intense violence and suffering for both Israelis and Palestinians in the early 2000s. You personally went to the aftermath of many Palestinian bombings in your city. You witnessed horrific scenes, but then you eventually came to change your views. You came to believe in compromise with the Palestinians. So I want to ask, how did you come to hold such different views from the right-wing political establishment that you were a part of?
OLMERT: So when I became mayor of Jerusalem, I found out while I was mayor of Jerusalem - maybe because of the experience that I had in Jerusalem - that the dream of controlling millions of Palestinians within the state of Israel without giving them the equal rights and that somehow we could make an arrangement that will be seen like we are treating them on a reasonable, honest basis while we don't, that somehow, this built-in contradiction can't hold and that the sooner we separate from the Palestinians, the better we are - this is not an outcome of the pain and suffering from terror. This is because I thought that, from a fundamental moral basis, it's either you are integrating all of the Palestinians into the state of Israel and giving them full political rights and civil rights...
ESTRIN: Which I don't think you or any Israeli leader would be trying to do.
OLMERT: Which we don't want to do.
ESTRIN: Right.
OLMERT: We don't want to do because this will change completely the nature of the state of Israel from a Jewish state into something - a binational state, something entirely different. So the alternative is not to occupy the territories and deny the Palestinians of these rights but to - just to separate, which is to pull out for most of the territories.
ESTRIN: Let's talk about that alternative. At the very end of your tenure as prime minister, after you had already announced you would resign because of the corruption allegations, you made a peace offer to the Palestinian leadership. This was 2008.
OLMERT: The fundamental details was known a year before I retired, which is a long time. We could have concluded everything.
ESTRIN: You presented some of your final...
OLMERT: Unfortunately, the Palestinians didn't respond.
ESTRIN: You presented some of your final offers months after you had announced your future resignation. But I want to talk about that peace offer because, as you mentioned, Israel has been controlling millions of Palestinians in the occupied territories. They want independence. You proposed leaving most of the occupied West Bank, even dividing Jerusalem between the sides. My question is, can you imagine an Israeli leader willing to go that far ever again?
OLMERT: I'm not sure because I don't know if, in the next 50 years, you'll have an Israeli leader who will have the guts to do what I did. So I don't know.
ESTRIN: I mean, beyond leadership, Mr. Olmert, I mean, let's look at the facts on the ground. How do you even disentangle Israeli settlements and Palestinian areas anymore? Is this not impossible?
OLMERT: It's not as bad as it appears sometimes to be or is understood to be by the rhetoric that everyone uses each for his own needs. If we withdraw from 95.6% of the territories, we can relocate and settle all of the Jews that live in the West Bank today and empty all the rest of the territory for the Palestinians to live there and to build their country. It needs courage. It needs imagination. It needs determination, you know, of someone holding that position of leadership, of prime ministership to really want to do it.
ESTRIN: Mr. Olmert, let's turn to another conflict that the current Israeli prime minister is trying to mediate, the war in Ukraine. You yourself have been to the Kremlin. You've met President Putin. You've worked with him. What was your interaction like?
OLMERT: My interaction with Putin was very good. Last time I saw him was actually after I retired already. He invited me to have dinner with him in his home, in his private home. But I have to say two things. No. 1, I entirely disagree and criticize what he did. And I think this is horrible, and there's no question about it. The other thing I have to say is that, from time immemorial, the East will not tolerate the positioning of American missiles on the border of Russia in the countries which were part of the Warsaw Pact in the past.
The question, of course, is that, No. 1 was there a real, immediate, tangible threat to the security of Russia? And the other thing is that - was this the only way to deal with what appeared to him to be a threat? Or there could have been other ways of dealing other than brutal, violent invasion that bring about the death of innocent civilians. And it appears that he chose the wrong way.
ESTRIN: But what advice would you give Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett, who is serving as an intermediator between Russia and Ukraine?
OLMERT: I don't think that he really is an intermediator of - between Russia and Ukraine, but he has been helpful in passing communication between Russia and Ukraine as the Turks did providing the premises for a couple of meetings of representatives of both sides. But I'll tell you something. If he feels that he has a chance of making a difference, then he should try to make it. How exactly to do it? That's something that, when and if he will ask me, I will tell him.
ESTRIN: That is former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert speaking to us from Tel Aviv. His book - "Searching For Peace: A Memoir Of Israel." Thank you.
OLMERT: Thank you.
(SOUNDBITE OF EMANCIPATOR AND 9 THEORY SONG, "CHAMELEON") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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I engage in a constant search for great free photos to use as featured images for my blog posts. I used to love sxc.hu but the site etiquette for "free" photos strongly encourages you do what the photographers want and link back or acknowledge where you have used the image. No problem if you are looking for an occasional image to use but when the process of the search is at least a daily one all the extra "steps" in acknowledging photography can add time that I just don't have to the search process. This is similar to certain Creative Commons licenses. Remember when cc meant carbon copy? But I digress. I have not found a great way to search for Creative Commons licensed photography.
But there is morguefile.com
Everything image on Morgue File is free to use. Read the fine print even here, but basically other than use in a standalone fashion, you are free to use the photos on the site without attribution. For folks who are not making money from their blog, this can be a goddess-send. If you are creating a professional site, you probably want to invest in great photographs to enhance your great site, but when money is a real concern and limiting constraint, Morgue File is your enabling constraint.
The photos on the site are not all second rate. Some are not professional quality. But some are great quality and are used to entice you into viewing that photographer's site or professional work for sale on other sites and purchase some of those images. I found these images on Morgue File when I was looking for fall images.
Of course you can always just take your own pics too!


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text:
[Page CXXXIX]
To their eternal memory
The list that is published here contains only a small percentage of the people who conducted the communal work of our city and deserve to have their names illuminated in the history of Jewish Czenstochow.
Translated by Miriam Lebenstein
Edited by Gloria Berkenstat Freund
Mikhal and Tseshe Alter
Mikhal Alter was a member of the Zionist Socialist Workers Party from his early youth to old age; he did not know any Yiddish. He was a practical activist and planner for the party.
(Photo, caption: Mikhal Alter)
(Photo, right, caption: Tseshe Alter) (Photo, left, caption: Hankele Alter)
Tseshe Federman, whom he married in the years following World War I, was employed in the Neufeld office. She distinguished herself by her modesty and her distinctive aristocratic appearance.
Mikhal Alter, Tseshe and their daughter, Hankele, perished during the period from 1939-1945.
Dov Ber Boczan
Berl Boczan was born in Czenstochow in 1877. In 1898 he and his father, Reb Moshe Boczan, established the Yiddish printing ship on Allee 6. After his father's death, he ran the printing shop in partnership with his brother, the typesetter and printer, Shimon Boczan.
Berl Boczan was a managing member of several Jewish social institutions, and publisher of the Czenstochower Tageblat [Czenstochower Daily Newspaper] and the Czenstochower Zeitung [Czenstochower Daily].
He died on the 23 of Sivan, 5699 [June 10, 1939], at the age of 62.
Avraham Ber Birnbaum
Avraham Ber Birnbaum was born on the third day of Shevat in 1865 [January 30th] in Pultusk (Poland), into the religious family of a Kotsher Hasid, a religious scholar.
Until the age of 12, he studied in kheders [religious elementary schools], and then in the beis midrash [religious house of study]. His father married him off at the age of 17. He was one of the greatest tish zingers [table singers] at the rebbe's table, but he dedicated his soul to music. This displeased his father-in-law, and he was divorced. Birnbaum married for the second time at 19.
(Photo, caption: Avraham Ber Birnbaum with his family)
In 1890, he became khazen [cantor] and shoykhet [ritual slaughterer] in Przasnysz. In 1893, he gave up his work as shoykhet and accepted an invitation to become chief cantor in the newly built synagogue in Czenstochow. Here, a whole new world opened up for Birnbaum. He became seriously interested in music, began to write articles about music in Hebrew and German.
In 1906, he opened a school for cantors in Czenstochow, where he strove to combine cantorial arts with secular musical education. The school attracted tens of cantors, and later great opera singers, and was renowned in all of Poland and Russia. After 13 years at the cantors' school, he also became a lecturer in the German school.
In 1913, he resigned from his position as chief cantor of Czenstochow and moved to Lodz.
On a visit to Czenstochow, he suddenly fell ill with a brain inflammation, and died on Friday, November 11, 1922, at the age of 58.
[Page CXL]
Makhl Birncwajg
Makhl Birncwajg was born in 1907, his parents' youngest son. He received a Jewish religious education in kheder, then attended the Jewish gymnazia, where he was drawn into the Zionist youth groups. He soon became disappointed with Zionism, and joined the illegal Communist party.
Under the Nazi's bloody regime, Makhl Birncwajg and his brother, Pinkhas, were employed by the Germans as upholsterers. A furniture lager [work camp] was set up in the building of Wajnberg's factory.
There came the saddest day for the Jewish community in Czenstochow September 22, 1942, Ukrainians and Nazis were posted all along the streets. The way to the zamlplatz [gathering place for deportation] led through the gate and the furniture lager where a German guard stood. At a certain moment, Birncwajg managed to divert the attention of the supervisor and of the guards and a stream of driven and persecuted Jews was able to escape into the furniture lager, their number reaching 600.
This was one of the most difficult feats
(Photo, caption: Makhl Birncwajg)
carried out under the noses of the Germans and of the two Jewish spies, Kulibayke [Editor's note: possibly a corruption of the Russian work kulebyaka or coulibiac a Russian main dish pastry often made with salmon] and Gnat, sent in especially by the Gestapo. But it was made possible by the persistence and the steel nerves of Makhl Birncwajg.
Yakov Pat, describing the destruction of the Jewish population, wrote of him:
The secret underground fighting organization under the direction of the heroic Makhl Birncwajg, also drove out the wagons of cupboards, shelves and chests, but inside there lay Jewish mothers and children who had been smuggled out under the noses of the Germans. They were taken to underground bunkers that had been prepared for them. Some of the children today live in children's homes.
On July 8, 1943, Czenstochow's German executioner, Degenhard, entered the furniture lager with a band of police and ordered Birncwajg to gather his entire family, that is, his mother, brother and wife. He quickly realized that the Angel of Death was standing before him. Somehow he managed to escape, jumping over a fence. His 72 year old mother was shot on the spot. Makhl Birncwajg hid with well known honorable Poles, who constantly blackmailed him and finally turned him over to the executioners. He no longer had the will to escape. On July 28 he was shot to death with 60 other Jews in the Jewish cemetery.
Leibish Berkowicz
Leibl Berkowicz was one of the young generation of Jewish workers who were awakened by the freedom movement of 1905 to the struggle for a new and healthy Jewish life. His served the ideal of the Zionist Socialist Workers party, Socialist Territorialism his entire life. He married Yentl Sliwinski and the five children they raised: Ruzhe, Shimshon, Dalia, Genia and Matush, were in the first ranks of the beauties, the singers and the artists of the I.L. Peretz Children's Home and public school that Leibish and Yentl helped to establish.
(Photos: right, caption: Leibish Berkowicz; left, caption: Genia Berkowicz)
Leibish and Yentl Berkowicz and their daughter, Rushe, and her child, as well as Shimshon, were killed during the Nazi era. Remaining was Genia (today a teacher in the I.L. Peretz school) with her husband and Matush.
Leyzer Berkowicz
He followed the rabbi, Rafal Federman. Starting together in the S.D.K.P.L. [Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania], they went on to the Zionist Socialist Workers party, took part in the choruses of the literary society, Lira, then later in the Fareinikte [United] party. He was a shoemaker and worked for a long time in Dzialowski's workshop; later he ran his own workshop in the Second Allee. No trace remains of him, his wife from Noworadomsk and their children.
Dr. Batawia and Dr. Kihan Kulin
In addition to their activities in a whole range of charitable and communal organization, they distinguished themselves with their administration of the Jewish hospital. It should be noted that Dr. Mikulski, a Christian, contributed greatly to the development of the Jewish hospital.
Avram Brat
Quiet, calm, keeping his thoughts to himself, Avram Brat began his career in communal organizations practically in childhood during the First World War, in the office of the Zionist Socialist Workers organization in Allee 43. He later became the treasurer of the large Fareinikte [United] party, Melukhe [State] in Czenstochow, administrator of Dos Neye Vort [The New Word] and tens of other administrative positions in various institutions.
[Pages CXLI]
In 1924, he married comrade Ruzhe Plawner.
In 1926 he took over the directorship of the I.L. Peretz Children's Home and Folkshul [public elementary school], an honor bestowed on very few, but also a heavy burden and superhuman strain, under the conditions of internal party struggle from the inside and Fascist reaction from the outside.
Under the Nazi regime he and Wolf Fajge also continued to run the I.L. Peretz House, which was a shelter for refugees from Lodz and Plotsk. Letters from him kept coming in the first few years of World War II. In one letter he advised that he had lost his home, along with his furniture and clothing. The Nazis took everything he had and, along with thousands of others, confined him in the ghetto.
(Photo, caption: Abram Brat)
(Photos, captions, right: Ruzhe Plawner Brat; left: daughter of A. and R. Brat)
Shortly thereafter, he and his daughter, then already 16 years old, went the way of the millions of Jewish martyrs.
Brom, Dr. Arnold
Longtime chairman of the Zionist organization in Czenstochow. He was also a member of the community leadership and a member of the city council
Gotajner, Hershl
His main characteristic was his involvement in philosophy. He began as a schoolboy in the local commercial school, wearing a hat with blue bands. He then belonged to the group of Zionist Socialist Workers Party amateur intellectuals. Later, he studied in Krakow. In his years of cultural activities, he would go on walks through the streets and avenues of Czenstochow, philosophizing about Nietzsche, Kant, Hegel and Spinoza.
He married Miss Rajkher and ran his own business. He was an original person and a strong character, hard to beat in a discussion on social issues. He is no longer among the living.
Gajsler, Dr. Hipolit
Dr. Gajsler for the most part dedicated his communal activities to the Jewish artisan and for many years was involved with the artisans club.
Goldsztajn, Shmuel
As early as 1914, Shmuel Goldsztajn was considered first among the candidates for leadership of the Jewish community, on the slate put forward in opposition to the assimilationists.
During World War I, he became president of the Jewish community, and held this office for a long time.
He was in Warsaw until 1940 under the Nazi occupation. Then he returned to Czenstochow, where he was killed by the German murderers at Treblinka.
Gelber, Meir
Son of Haim Hirsh and Royze. Born in 1890. Shared the fate of the martyrs of 1939-1945.
Wilenberg, Peretz
Peretz Wilenberg was well known in Czenstochow as an artist. Some of his works earned him a name and recognition throughout Poland. He was skilled in
(Drawing by P. Wilenberg in the distinct Jewish style, honoring the Jewish martyrs and personalities.)
[Page CXLII]
drawing, ran an art school in his home and taught drawing in the Artisans School, the Jewish gymnazie [high school] and the I.L. Peretz Folkshul [public school].
During the Nazi regime he was in Warsaw, pretending to be deaf and dumb so as not to betray himself with his accent in Polish. After Hitler's defeat, he lived in Lodz, where he died February 17, at the age of 73.
Winsztok, Haim; Epsztajn, Adolf; Filipowicz, Dovid
They ran the association of small businessmen and gave a lot of time and energy to the struggle to protect the Jewish market merchants and small businessmen.
Czarnowiecki, Yakov Yitzhak
His whole life was work and poverty, from his earliest years to his martyr's death. He began as a worker making toys and a simple soldier in the ranks of the Zionist Socialists in the years 1904-05. He did not abandon his party during the reactionary years. During World War I he was a railroad worker, and during that time, he married Dorka Szacher. He was liberated from his work when Poland was liberated, and was the secretary of the Central Bureau of the Central Council of the Professional Associations. But he continued to struggle financially and suffered poverty. He fathered two children and his poverty grew. When the Czenstochow city administration established an omnibus route between Rakow and the city, he became, by some miracle, the only Jewish contractor among the otherwise non-Jewish city appointees. He was almost the only one in Czenstochow who went over to Poale-Zion with Dr. Kruk. His martyr's death is described in the report of Khurbn Czenstochow.
So lived and died a modest man of the people.
Fojgl, Mendl; Krel, Yitzhak Meir
They were activists in the Agudah [Orthodox political party]. The latter [Krel] was also a member of the Czenstochow city council.
Koniarski, Lawyer Mendl; Szeriker, William; Dr. Asz (a son of Rabbi Nakhum Asz)
They distinguished themselves by their activities on behalf of the Jews of Czenstochow. Dr. Asz was also one of the founders and, for many years, the president of Makabi [Jewish sports organization].
Koblinc, Rabbi Josef Shimeon, of blessed memory
Josef Shimeon Klobinc was one of the most unusual religious Jews found in Czenstochow. In his youth, he joined the Hovevei Zion [Lovers of Zion] movement, and since he was a talented speaker and great religious scholar, his famous sermons about Eretz Yisroel drew a large audience.
During the 45 years he lived in Czenstochow, he was active in a large number of social and religious organizations. He died November 1937. His death evoked great sorrow among the Jews of Czenstochow. Thousands of people took part in his funeral.
The Vad haMizrakhi [council of Mizrakhi Religious Zionists] of Czenstochow decided to memorialize the name of Josef Shimeon Klobinc in the Golden Book of the Jewish National Fund.
Rozenberg, Yankev
Yankev Rozenberg came to Czenstochow from Warsaw in 1912 and soon became active, first in the Yiddish Literary Society, then in Lira [singing society]. He actively participated in and supported Jewish culture and social institutions, was one of the founders of gymnazie founded by Dr. Akser. He helped to create the Medem Bibliotheque and fought for Yiddish and for the rights of the Jewish masses and their own institutions in the times of the assimilationist leaders.
As a longtime resident of the Jewish community, he gained the love and appreciation if all segments of the Jewish population in Czenstochow.
Yankev Rozenberg died during the terrible time of the Nazi occupation. Not a trace remains of his family (wife and only daughter).
Fajge, Wolf
He was a worker at Fajge's candle factory. He devoted all of his free time to the party, and to the professional movement. In addition, he still found time to establish a library in Szarik [Zarki], and to participate in running the schools. In 1938, when the Independents were liquidated, he joined the Bund. He and his wife were murdered. His son survived and is in a D.P. camp in Germany.
Markusfeld, Henrik
It seems that no other name is as strongly associated with the industrial development of Czenstochow as the name Markusfeld.
(Photo, caption: Henrik Markusfeld)
The brothers, Henrik and Dr. Josef Markusfeld, developed and expanded the efforts in industrial, social and philanthropic
[Pages CXLIII]
fields that their father, Adolf Markusfeld, had begun.
The artisans school in Czenstochow was built at the initiative and with the support of the brothers, Henrik and Josef Markusfeld in the name of their parents, Adolf and Astina. The horticulture farm and a whole array of other philanthropic institutions were established with their participation. Of the two brothers, it was the eldest, Henrik, whose communal activities were the most outstanding.
There was hardly a social institution in Czenstochow in which he was not an official president, chairman, or member of the management. The evening he was not occupied, he enjoyed at the Lira [singing society]. He often used to stand in front of the warm oven surrounded by a group of Liristn [members of the singing society, Lira]. He would pronounce words of wisdom and sometimes would lecture the extreme Yiddishists [advocates of Yiddish and Yiddish culture]. But even more than the oven, he was warmed by the ardor of the youth who came to Lira.
His manifold duties and pursuits never prevented him from participating in the meetings of the management of tens of institutions. He rarely missed a meeting.
He was once late for a meeting of Lira. He apologized, explaining that he had just arrived on the express train from Breslau. I feel more comfortable with you than with the Germans, he added.
A whole array of Jewish cultural and professional institutions that were always financially shaky continued to exist thanks to his power and assistance. He paid rent; he covered the deficits for their programs. What is happening with the rent, he would ask the dentist, Ahron Peretz, president of Lira. Drop in and see me tomorrow.
When Henrik Markusfeld died, he was mourned by all of Czenstochow, which gave him the largest funeral ever held there.
Nirenberg, Yehoshua
The Nirenbergs were known for their stationery store in the Second Allee. Their two sons, Henekh and Yehoshua, were members of the Zionist Socialist Workers Party. Henekh made his first appearance in the arena of community affairs during the first elections for the Czenstochow city council during the German occupation in 1917. Along with three others he was elected on the Zionist Socialist Workers Party slate in the sixth district. He was again elected city councilman in free Poland and his making public the hard facts about anti-Semitism among the leaders of the city council did not please them at all. Nevertheless, he later became the only Jew employed by city hall.
No trace remains of him, his wife and his only son, Marek.
Nemirowski, Shmuel
One of the most energetic social activists in the time following the First World War. Chairman of the homeless shelter, member of Makabi, chairman of the Revisionist Party and active in other institutions. Killed during the Nazi era.
Erlikh, Hershele
He was the quiet dreamer from Kamyk, his small shtetl. The dream of his life was to see Kamyk brought to life, busy at work, progressive. His greatest achievement was the children's home and folkshul [Editor's note: secular public school with Yiddish as the language of instruction] in Kamyk. He was a member of the Zionist Socialist Workers Party and of Fareinikte [United], and a Fraylandist [Editor's note: possibly a follower of Nakhman Rozensztajn, a resident of Piotrkow Trybunalski, who was a Bundist leader known as Frayland free country]. His ambitions reflected his quiet nature to do something for his Kamyk, to help out the editors of Dos Naye Vort [The New Word] in Czenstochow. He was the same when he was in Warsaw.
(Photo, caption: Hershele Erlikh)
He was married in Warsaw, had a child and lived in terrible poverty somewhere in the corner of a kitchen. He and his wife and child went hungry, but in the little time left to him, he gave to others. He perished during the years 1939-1945.
Rotbard, Zelig and Chesha (Sztajn)
Zelig Rotbard, a son of Itshe Ber and Szprinca, who ran a leather business at number 23 at the Old Market, was well known in Czenstochow. While still young, he belonged to the Social Democratic Party (S.D.K.P.L.); later, he became an active member of the Jewish Literary Society, where he met and married Chesha Sztajn. They raised two daughters, the older, Lola (Laya) and the younger, Sela (Feygl).
(Photo, caption: Zelig Rotbard)
Under the Nazi regime, Zelig Rotbard was a member of the Judenrat and he, his wife and younger daughter were killed with a group of Jews who were taken on Purim to the cemetery and murdered there.
[Pages CXLIV]
In 1940 their older daughter married Henry (Henekh) Helman. Both survived and now live in New York.
Rikhter, Dovid
In the revolutionary world of pre-war Poland, Dovid Rikhter held one of the most important places in the movement. Born in Czenstochow, he achieved exceptional mastery of the Polish language, and was also active as a journalist and editor in the Polish proletarian press. But he was still greatly drawn to Yiddish, Yiddish culture and to Jewish revolutionary activities. He came out of the old Polish Social Democratic Party (S.D.K.P.L.), and together with the best elements of the party, poured himself into the Communist Party of Poland. Amazingly, coming from the S.D.K.P.L., where the assimilationist and nationalist-nihilist tendencies were considerable, he nevertheless continued to focus directly on Jewish issues in the Communist movement. Dovid Rikhter remained true to this work until the end.
Dovid Rikhter shone as a splendid journalist, as a basic and uniquely keen and logical polemicist, as a fine pamphleteer and theater critic, with taste and judgment.
His serious published works in the Literarishe Tribune, his theoretical pamphlets (under the name, L. Hankes), his brilliant articles in Fraynd [Friend], (under the name D. Leybin), his brochures and literary works, brought him into the ranks of the foremost journalists.
Dovid Rikhter had a unique style, with a light touch, elegant writing, love of wordplay, and distaste for hackneyed phrases; he was consistently argumentative with tact.
Years of imprisonment in pre-war Poland, the continual bitter worries about making a living, his troubled life, did not make him angry or bitter or heavy hearted. He always had a joke, a bon mot on his lips, was always congenial, had time to discuss new artistic forms or an interesting theater production. This was a life-affirming person who loved life and friends.
In 1940 he became editor of the Yiddish newspaper, Di Bialystoker Shtern in Bialystok and devoted himself to social and literary endeavors.
He perished during the slaughter in Slonim in 1941.
Szlezinger, Dudek
He was the son of rich parents, who had a big house and a ribbon factory on Spodek Street. He studied engineering in Belgium, but did not complete the course. He began his communal activities during World War I. He worked with the workers' council with Joshek Finkelsztajn. His energy, like an endless volcano, flowed over activities of Fareinikte [United] and later, Umophendike [Independent]. He met Regina Gros, the unique beauty who grew up in the basement of the house on the corner of Spodek and Onrodow, in the party and he married her. During the Nazi regime, they tried to save their only child by entrusting it to a Christian acquaintance, who betrayed them. The Gestapo brought the child to their house and murdered it before its parents' eyes. Dudek and Regina were both killed along with all of the martyrs of Czenstochow.
Szlezinger, Dovid; Sztiller, Zigmund; Borzykowski, Dovid; the Dykman Brothers; Neufeld, Moritz
They distinguished themselves by their work with the factory owners and merchants association. Moritz Neufeld, previously an assimilator*, also distinguished himself with his courageous exploits against the Endekes* in the city council.
*[Editor's notes: Assimilator a Jew who totally assimilated into the surrounding cultural environment. Endekes members of the anti-Semitic National Democratic Party.]
Szapiro, Feliks
At first he was one of the leaders of the business employees, later a Zionist activist with the aldermen in city hall. He distinguished himself by his fight against anti-Semitism in the city council.
Weksler, Haim
He was an activist in Mizrakhi. He was president of the kehile and for many years, a member of the Czenstochow city council. He was beloved in the city as a good hearted person and philanthropist.
Sztarke, Mrs. Salomea
The home for the elderly and for orphans named for Mina Verde in Czenstochow was one of its most popular institutions and Mrs. Salomea Sztarke, with her exceptional energy, almost single-handedly took on the burden of sustaining the institution for over twenty years. She was able to obtain subsidies for the institution from the city government, amounting to 2,000 zlotys a month, from the Jewish community, and most interestingly, from philanthropy. This made it possible to establish a kitchen for the orphans and elderly and, in 1928, a new floor was added to the old building. The number of elderly and orphans in the home began to grow and a teaching staff was hired for the children.
(Photo, caption: Salomea Sztarke)
Representatives of the Czenstochow Jewish community published their thanks and appreciation to Mrs. Sztarke. She was killed during the period of 1939-1945.
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