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Dairy Goat Standards
The Certified Animal Welfare Approved by AGW (AWA) seal is a hard-earned badge of difference and demonstrates the farmer's commitment to the care of their animals, the land and the local community. Farmers in this programme will be distinguished by a humane and conscientious attitude towards the animals in their care as evidenced by physical audit and development of detailed plans and records of farm practices.
Farmers in the programme agree to a minimum of one visit a year from A Greener World (AGW) staff or agents, with the possibility of additional visits if deemed necessary, to confirm compliance with the standards during various seasons and to allow observation of animals in different phases of life. Participation in the programme is on an annual basis and must be renewed each year.
The premise of the AWA standards is that animals must be allowed to behave naturally. The following standards allow animals the opportunity to perform natural and instinctive behaviours essential to their health and well-being. Provisions are made to ensure social interaction, comfort, and physical and psychological well-being.
The AWA programme is voluntary. The standards do not supersede national government legislation.
AGW recommends that farmers have the Guide to Understanding Our Standards and Standards and Programme Definitions documents at hand while reading these standards.
1.0.1 The individual or entity seeking AWA status for their livestock must own and have management control of the animals.
1.0.2 The individual or entity seeking AWA status must produce a livestock product for sale or trade that is eligible to carry the AWA seal.
Note: If the primary market is selling/trading livestock as pets, animals for show animals or pack animals or marketing meat from animals slaughtered at non-compliant abattoirs the farm cannot be AWA. See also section 14.1 if the primary market is breeding animals.
1.0.3 The AWA Standards must be met for all the animals or birds of the species for which use of the label is sought. Farmers using "split" or "dual" systems, in which some animals or birds of one species are simultaneously kept in systems that do not meet AWA Standards must have a plan that demonstrates clear separation and traceability of operations. The plan must address:
22.214.171.124 Physical Separation
184.108.40.206 Financial Separation
184.108.40.206 Operational Separation
Note: The Dual Production Plan template must be filled out for determination of compliance if an operation has a split or dual system. AGW's dual production policy is intended to support operations in expanding AGW-certified production. An operation must show that they are either operating separate businesses or distinctly separate product lines. A farm is not required to seek approval for all the species they manage simultaneously. If a farm has split or dual systems of the same species and cannot demonstrate clear traceability, AGW maintains the right to refuse to audit or certify the farm.
1.0.4 AWA is a birth to slaughter programme. Meat sold under the AWA label or logo must come from animals that have been certified as being raised to AWA standards and slaughtered using a method and at a location that has received written approval from AGW.
220.127.116.11 If the farm does not intend to market meat from some or all of their animals under the AWA label, but owns or has control of an animal when it is slaughtered, the slaughter process must meet the AWA Slaughter Guidelines for Red Meat.
1.0.5 The certified farm may participate in networks, co-operatives or marketing groups in order to market livestock products as AWA as long as each member is audited as meeting all other requirements listed in these standards.
Note: If milk or eggs are pooled, they may only be represented for sale as AWA if all producers are certified as such. Similarly, if milk, eggs or meat from several producers are sold under a single brand, the brand may only represent the products as AWA if all producers are certified.
1.0.6 All those working with animals must be competent to carry out the tasks required of them.
Note: This standard applies to contract and temporary workers as well as full time employees and family members.
2.0 Breeds and Origin– General Standards
2.0.1 Breeds and strains must be chosen with consideration of their ability to thrive in the prevailing climatic conditions of the farm, in pasture-based, free range, outdoor systems.
2.0.2 Cloned or genetically engineered animals are prohibited.
Note: This includes the use of cloned or genetically engineered breeding stock, the offspring of clones or genetically engineered animals and semen from cloned or genetically engineered animals.
2.0.3 Breeding replacements may come from farms that are not certified by AWA but must be of a suitable breed or type for pasture-based production under these standards.
2.0.4 A record of the source, date of purchase and number of breeding animals must be kept.
2.0.5 Recommended Wherever possible the farm should run a closed herd.
Note: A closed herd is one where no animals are brought onto the farm from external sources. Farms that do not have the genetic diversity or the expertise to achieve this should partner with experienced breeders to source their animals and learn more about selection criteria.
2.0.6 Rescue animals and animals sold as culls from other herds cannot be bought into the AWA herd.
Note: If an experienced farmer is asked to participate in rescue activities they must contact AGW as soon as possible and preferably before rescue animals arrive on farm to discuss their options. Rescue animals cannot be used or marketed as AWA.
2.1 The Goats Breeding Herd
2.1.1 Laparoscopic or surgical artificial insemination is prohibited.
Note: Other forms of artificial insemination are permitted.
2.1.2 Not allocated.
2.1.3 The ability to successfully give birth independently must be taken into account in modifications over time to herd genetics.
Note: In order to score this standard, the auditor will assess the number of assisted births.
2.1.4 Embryo transfer is prohibited.
2.1.5 In breeding programmes, attention must be paid to breed characteristics that will improve welfare such as udder health, susceptibility to lameness, and longevity.
2.2 Not Allocated
2.3 Animals Raised for Meat Production
2.3.1 Feeder or store goats to be raised for meat must only be obtained from AWA farms.
Note: Where no livestock from certified farms is available, please contact AGW for more information on sourcing feeder or store animals.
3.0 Health Planning and Preventative Management
Health and management planning increases both positive welfare and productivity.
3.0.1 Animal management must be focused on promoting health rather than treating disease.
3.0.2 Each farmer in the AWA programme must establish contact with a qualified expert such as a veterinarian. The qualified expert must be familiar with:
220.127.116.11 The animals on the farm.
18.104.22.168 The health requirements of the province.
184.108.40.206 Methods to maximise animal health and welfare.
3.0.3 Recommended Each farmer should schedule regular preventative care visits by a qualified expert.
Note: AGW will provide support and assistance in achieving this standard.
3.0.4 A health plan emphasising prevention of illness or injury must be prepared in consultation with the farm's qualified expert advisor to promote positive health and limit the need for treatment. It must address:
188.8.131.52 Avoidance of physical, nutritional or environmental stress.
22.214.171.124 Lameness.
188.8.131.52 Climatic considerations.
126.96.36.199 Vaccinations and other methods to cope with prevailing disease challenges.
184.108.40.206 Biosecurity measures.
220.127.116.11 Nutrition.
22.214.171.124 Environmental impacts, including manure management and run-off.
22.214.171.124 Pasture management.
220.127.116.11 Exclusion of predators and control of rats and mice.
184.108.40.206 Euthanasia.
188.8.131.52 Mastitis.
220.127.116.11 Johne's disease.
22.214.171.124 Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis.
Note: See Standard 11.1.2 for recommendations on review/update of plans.
3.0.5 If there is disease or known risk of disease on farm vaccines must be used.
Note: In order to help eliminate or reduce vulnerability to disease and the need for antibiotics at therapeutic levels, AGW encourages the appropriate use of vaccines on an individual or group basis for prevention of disease.
3.0.6 Action must be taken to address any causes of lameness.
3.0.7 Recommended Farmers should participate in recognised disease eradication programmes.
Note: AGW supports management to eliminate or reduce the risk of certain diseases and farmers are therefore encouraged to engage with programmes that seek to achieve this. Recognised schemes could be national or province-wide and could cover diseases such as scrapie or Johne's.
This standard may become required for specific diseases when a funded and functioning programme is available.
3.0.8 Udders of dairy animals in milk must be kept clean.
3.1 Treatment
3.1.1 Any sick or injured animals on the farm must be treated immediately to minimise pain and distress. This must include veterinary treatment if required.
22.214.171.124 Homeopathic, herbal or other non-antibiotic alternative treatments are preferred.
220.127.116.11 If alternative treatments are not suitable or not effective or if a veterinarian has recommended antibiotic treatment, this must be administered.
18.104.22.168 Withholding treatment in order to preserve an animal's eligibility for market is prohibited.
Note: The discovery of untreated injured or ill animals may be grounds for removal from the programme.
3.1.2 The sub-therapeutic and/or non-therapeutic use of antibiotics, or any other medicines, to control or prevent disease or promote growth, is prohibited.
3.1.3 Growth hormones or the use of any other substances promoting weight gain are prohibited.
Note: Probiotics to promote positive health are permitted.
3.1.4 Substances to induce oestrus must only be used when there is a therapeutic need or when a welfare benefit can be demonstrated.
3.1.5 Records must be kept of the administration of veterinary medical products.
18.104.22.168 Date of purchase.
188.8.131.52 Name of product.
184.108.40.206 Quantity purchased.
126.96.36.199 Identity of the animals treated.
188.8.131.52 Reason why animals were treated.
188.8.131.52 Number of animals treated.
184.108.40.206 Date when treatment started and finished.
126.96.36.199 Withdrawal time.
3.1.6 Animals treated with an antibiotic must not be slaughtered to produce meat or produce milk for the AWA programme before a period of time has passed that is at least twice the licensed withdrawal period of the antibiotic used.
3.1.7 Animals treated with any off-label medication must not be slaughtered to produce meat or produce milk for the AWA programme until at least seven days after medication, or an alternative withdrawal as advised by a veterinarian.
188.8.131.52 Animals must not be treated with any medications prohibited for food animal use.
3.1.8 Any surgical procedure not covered by these standards must be carried out by a veterinarian.
3.2 Parasites
3.2.1 The primary methods of preventing parasite infestations must be pasture management or rotation and bedding management and removal.
3.2.2 If prevention has not been effective, medicine regimens must be implemented to effectively control worms, lice, mange and any other parasites.
3.2.3 The use of organophosphates and other products with the same or a similar mode of action is prohibited.
Note: An exception to the standard above may be considered if other treatments have been shown to be ineffective. Please refer to the AGW paper on organophosphate and non-organophosphate type products.
3.2.4 Recommended Faecal samples to monitor internal parasite burdens should be taken at least annually.
3.2.5 If taken, faecal samples must be reviewed by a competent person.
3.2.6 Recommended Faecal samples should be taken during the growing season when animals are out on pasture.
3.2.7 Recommended FAMACHA should be used to monitor barber pole worm burdens.
3.3 Euthanasia
Note: When local or national authorities order the killing of a herd or if any large-scale euthanasia is about to take place to eradicate disease, AGW must be notified as soon as possible.
3.3.1 Animals experiencing pain or suffering from which they are unlikely to recover must be promptly euthanised on the farm in a manner that renders the animal immediately insensible to pain.
Note: Please contact AGW if further information on appropriate methods of euthanasia is required.
3.3.2 Euthanising goats in a way that causes unnecessary pain or suffering is prohibited. Prohibited methods include:
18.104.22.168 Electrocution.
18.104.22.168 Suffocation.
18.104.22.168 Exsanguination without prior unconsciousness.
220.127.116.11 Poison.
126.96.36.199 Blow to the head by blunt instrument on kids older than seven days.
Note: A blow to the head by blunt instrument on kids younger than seven days of age is only acceptable if a preferred method is not readily available and the animal would suffer if euthanasia was not carried out immediately.
4.0 General Animal Management
4.0.1 Not allocated.
4.0.2 All dairy goats must be thoroughly inspected at least twice per 24 hours.
During the inspection the welfare of each animal must be observed. If any animal is not in a state of well-being, it must be cared for immediately and corrective measures must be taken. During a time of increased risk to health and welfare, inspections must be increased as necessary to protect the animal's well-being.
4.0.3 Not allocated.
4.0.4 Animals must be maintained at body condition score 2 or above on a 1-5 scale.
4.0.5 Breeding animals must not exceed body condition score 4 on a 1-5 scale.
4.1 Not Allocated
4.2 Group Management
4.2.1 All classes of animals must be sorted (for example by age, size and/or behaviour) so that they remain in stable groups and the welfare of less dominant animals is protected. Mixing animals from different groups should be avoided.
4.2.2 Not allocated.
4.2.3 Special care must be taken when mixing breeding males to socialise them to one another as safely as possible and to minimise harm to individuals.
4.2.4 Recommended Male breeding animals should be kept with the main herd or have nose to nose contact with other animals of the same species.
Note: No animal can be kept completely in isolation unless it is sick or injured (see Standard 8.3.3). If a male breeding animal has to be kept away from other animals of the same species, it must have a compatible companion of another species.
4.3 Breeding and Kidding
4.3.1 A competent person must be available at birthing time to assist if problems are anticipated at delivery.
4.3.2 Not allocated.
4.3.3 Does must not kid before the age of 12 months.
4.3.4 Not allocated.
4.3.5 When conditions permit, kidding must take place outside on pasture.
4.3.6 Not allocated.
4.3.7 A clean environment with sufficient space must be provided for kidding.
Note: See the specified space allowances in section 8.1.
4.3.8 Recommended Does should not kid before the age of 18 months.
4.3.9 If welfare problems (including high mortality of kids or does, high levels of assisted births, low body condition of kids or does) result from the early age at which does kid, then AGW will require the farmer to increase the age at first kidding accordingly.
4.3.10 If a kidding pen is used it must provide a minimum of 25 sq. feet (2.32 sq. metres) and provide easy access to fresh water and feed.
Note: Pens constructed following farm approval must meet the standard above. Pens that were constructed before farm approval that are at least 20 sq. feet (1.86 sq. metres) may be acceptable.
4.3.11 The doe and new-born kid(s) must not be kept in a pen for more than 72 hours.
Note: This standard assumes that does and new-born kid(s) are healthy. See Section 8.3 for requirements for sick pens.
Note also that this standard does not require that does and new-born kid(s) must be returned to pasture after the 72-hour period has elapsed. If the requirements of section 7.5 – Exclusion from Pasture – are met, does and new-born kid(s) may still be kept off pasture, if they meet the space requirements in Section 8.1.
4.3.13 A doe may only be temporarily restrained for fostering if all other methods to encourage adoption of a kid have failed.
Note: A written record for the reason for rejection and the method of restraint must be kept.
4.4 Provisions for Kids.
4.4.1 Kids must be provided with colostrum within the first six hours of birth.
4.4.2 Recommended Farmers should test for Johne's disease.
4.4.3 Colostrum and milk for kids must not knowingly come from does that are Johne's positive.
4.4.4 Recommended Goat farmers should test for Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE).
4.4.5 Colostrum and milk for kids must not knowingly come from does that are CAE positive.
4.4.6 Recommended Kids should be reared by their mothers.
4.5 Fostering and Artificial Rearing
4.5.1 Recommended Orphan or excess young animals should be fostered onto other does.
4.5.2 If foster mothers are used the number of kids must be adjusted to the amount of milk the foster mother can produce and the number of foster kids she will accept.
4.5.3 Foster mothers must not become debilitated by nursing.
4.5.4 Sick or injured animals must not be used as foster mothers.
4.5.5 – 4.4.6 Not allocated.
4.5.7 Kids must be fed milk or milk replacer at least twice a day.
4.5.8 Milk replacer containing antibiotics, growth promoters and/or any animal by-products aside from milk protein is prohibited.
Note: If the welfare of a kid could be compromised and evidence can be submitted that suitable products are not available an allowance is in operation to allow milk replacers which do not meet the standard above.
4.5.9 All nipples and other feeding equipment must be cleaned regularly.
4.5.10 If feeders are used there must never be more kids in the pen than nipples on the feeder unless ad lib self feeding is provided.
4.5.11 Artificially reared kids must be kept in groups.
4.5.12 – 4.5.13 Not allocated.
4.5.14 Provision must be made for weaned dairy kids to go outside and graze during the growing season.
Note: The growing season is the period between the last and first frost each year.
4.5.15 Kids must have continuous access to high quality fresh forage from seven days of age onwards.
Note: Access is recommended from day one.
4.5.16 Dairy farms that raise their own kids for meat must follow the AWA dairy standards from birth to weaning and the AWA meat goat standards from weaning onwards.
4.6 Weaning and Separation of Kids
4.6.1 Recommended Husbandry systems that allow young kids to remain in the herd with their mothers until weaning occurs naturally are recommended.
4.6.2 Not allocated.
4.6.3 Newly weaned or separated kids must be kept in groups of familiar animals.
4.6.4 Not allocated.
4.6.5 Separation of the kid from its mother must involve methods designed to cause as little stress as possible.
4.6.6 After separation kids and their mothers must either be kept in adjacent pens where they can see, hear and sniff/lick each other or be completely out of sight and hearing of each other.
4.6.7 Feed for freshly weaned kids must be clean and appealing.
4.6.8 Not allocated.
4.6.9 Recommended Dairy kids should not be weaned from milk before they are 12 weeks of age.
4.6.10 Dairy kids must not be weaned from milk before they are six weeks of age.
4.7 Castration
4.7.1 Buck kids may only be castrated when uncontrolled breeding cannot be prevented by any other management.
4.7.2 Immunocastration and other forms of chemical (synthetic or natural) castration or testosterone production limiting methods are prohibited.
4.7.3 – 4.7.4 Not allocated.
4.7.5 It is prohibited to castrate kids that are more than seven days old.
Note: Kids may be castrated using rubber rings, scalpel or emasculator (burdizzo). Extensive operations who have difficulty meeting this requirement should contact AGW for more information.
4.7.6-4.7.8 Not allocated.
4.7.9 Recommended Castration should be accompanied by administration of appropriate anesthetic and/or analgesia.
4.8 Other Physical Alterations
4.8.1 Not allocated.
4.8.2 Dehorning is prohibited. Horns may be tipped as long as the living tissue inside the horn is not being cut.
4.8.3 – 4.8.7 Not allocated.
4.8.8 Kids 10 days old or less may be disbudded using hot iron cauterisation. Hot iron cauterisation must be preceded and followed by administration of appropriate anaesthetic and analgesia.
4.8.9 Recommended Caustic paste disbudding should not be used for kids.
Note: Please contact AGW for guidance if you wish to disbud using caustic paste.
4.8.10 Not allocated.
4.8.11 De-wattling is prohibited.
4.8.12 De-scenting bucks is prohibited.
4.8.13 If removal of supernumerary teats on dairy females is to be done the procedure must be carried out by a competent person using an effective local anaesthetic before the kids are five weeks old.
4.9 Identification
4.9.1 Where identification is required it must not cause harm to the animal.
184.108.40.206 Recommended The preferred method for permanent identification is Sub-Cutaneous Radio Frequency Identification.
18.104.22.168 Recommended The preferred method of temporary identification is non-toxic paints or dyes.
18.104.22.168 Ear tagging and tattooing are permitted methods of identification.
4.9.2 – 4.9.3 Not allocated.
4.9.4 Ear marking by cutting/notching the ears of goats is prohibited.
6.0 – General Food and Water Standards
6.0.1 Animals must have free access to clean, fresh water at all times.
6.0.2 Animals must have a feeding plan that will guarantee a varied, well-balanced and wholesome nutritional regime appropriate for their age.
Note: Particular attention must be paid to older does that may have poor teeth.
6.0.3 A list of ingredients or sample tear tags from all feed, feed blocks and mineral blocks used on farm must be made available to the AWA representative.
6.0.4 Food and water must be distributed in a way that eliminates competition.
6.0.5 Feeding meat or animal by products is prohibited.
188.8.131.52 Feeding fishmeal and other aquatic products to goats is prohibited.
6.0.6 Recommended Farms should be Certified Non-GMO by AGW.
6.0.7 Recommended Farms that are not seeking Certified Non-GMO accreditation should avoid genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or derivatives of GMOs, including GMO feed and veterinary and health care products containing GMOs or their derivatives as well as the growing of genetically engineered crops.
6.1 Food and Water for Ruminants
6.1.1 To ensure proper rumen function goats must be provided with at least 70 percent long fibre roughage/forage in their diet on a daily dry matter basis from weaning onwards (see also 6.1.2).
6.1.2 The minimum requirement for roughage for lactating dairy goats is 60 percent long fibre roughage/forage on a daily dry matter basis.
6.1.3 Any changes in diet must be carried out gradually to minimise rumen problems.
6.1.4 The nutritional regime and pasture management plan must take into account the added nutritional requirements of lactating animals (see also 6.0.2 and 7.0.8).
6.1.5 Feedlots and other types of confinement feeding operations are prohibited.
6.1.6 – 6.1.7 Not allocated.
6.1.8 Recommended Livestock feeds should minimise ingredients that are in direct competition with human nutrition.
Note: Feeds that are in competition for human nutrition include soya and grains.
7.0 General Pasture Access Standards
The aim of good pasture management is to satisfy the herd's food-seeking behaviours. Animals must be able to explore the ground and their natural environment.
Note: For goats, all standards in this section that relate to pasture access must also be applied to browse access. Browse is normally shrubby, taller material. If given a choice, goats will obtain up to 50% of their daily feed from browsing rather than grazing.
For management of animals in extreme weather please see sections 7.5 and 8.0.
7.0.1 Continuous outdoor pasture access is required for all goats.
7.0.2 – 7.0.3 Not allocated
7.0.4 Recommended Pasture areas should be used in rotation. Both extensive and rotational grazing systems are permitted.
7.0.5 The amount of outdoor area must be such that the health and welfare of the animals and pasture quality is maintained.
7.0.6 Pasture areas and the fencing that surrounds them must be designed and maintained so they do not pose a risk, or inflict injury on the animals.
Note: This includes keeping pastures free of old fencing, old farm machinery and any other debris that could cause injury.
7.0.7 Animals must have access to pasture areas that are well drained and clean.
7.0.8 A pasture management plan must be in place that addresses the specific farm site. It must ensure that:
188.8.131.52 The nutritional requirements of grazing animals can be adequately met through grazing and appropriate supplementation.
188.8.131.52 Not allocated.
188.8.131.52 The composition of the pastures does not create health problems for the animals.
126.96.36.199 Animals have access to fresh, clean pasture that has not become polluted with manure.
126.96.36.199 The location of water, shelter, and feeding areas is addressed.
Note: See Standard 11.1.2 for recommendations on review/update of plans.
7.0.9 Soil testing must be conducted at least every three years.
Note: Farmers with extensive, unfertilised range lands and/or farming land on short term lease agreements should contact AGW for guidance on appropriate soil testing intervals.
18.104.22.168 Recommended Annual soil testing should be carried out in any pastures where manure is spread.
7.0.10 Recommended Annual testing of pasture or forage nutritional content is recommended (see also 6.0.2).
7.0.11 Herbicides and pesticides may only be used when weeds or pests cannot be practically controlled by other means.
7.0.12 Herbicides and pesticides must be mixed, used and disposed of according to manufacturer's instructions to avoid environmental contamination.
7.0.13 Animals must not be grazed or kept on land within 21 days of direct application of herbicides or pesticides.
7.0.14 The use of any manures or fertilisers for pasture land that are bought in from off-farm must be justified by soil testing and crop nutritional need.
7.0.15 Waste from on-farm slaughter, and the remains of animals that die or are euthanised on farm must be properly composted before it is applied to pasture.
7.0.16 Fish fertilisers must come from sustainable sources.
7.0.17 After the application of fish fertiliser, the composted remains of animals that die or are euthanised on farm or slaughter waste to pasture there must be an interval of at least one month, or until all visible signs of the application have disappeared (whichever is longer), before animals graze the land.
Note: Permission may be granted to graze/use the land prior to one month after application of composted animal remains, slaughter waste or fish fertiliser if it can be demonstrated that animals will not be exposed to any trace of the fertiliser.
7.0.18 Recommended Manures and fertilisers that can have a negative effect on soil microbial life and/or which contain heavy metals should be avoided.
7.0.19 Water sources on the farm must be managed and maintained to prevent environmental pollution.
7.0.20 Land must be managed to avoid erosion.
Note: AGW understands that even with the best management some erosion due to the activities of pasture-based livestock may occur. This standard is scored against the steps farmers take to try to avoid and/or minimise erosion risks rather than the presence or absence of erosion on the farm. A complete absence of any erosion is desirable – but it is accepted that it may not always be possible.
7.0.21 Pastures must not be degraded by overgrazing and/or other management techniques.
7.0.22 Non-point pollution and other local environmental standards must be met.
7.0.23 Pasture areas on which animals have been out-wintered or that are otherwise worn out or denuded must be restored.
7.0.24 Spraying neonicotinoids on any land owned or managed by the approved farm is prohibited.
Note: There is increasing evidence that neonicotinoids not only adversely affect bees, but other wildlife. These products are already prohibited in many countries.
7.1 Pasture for Goats
7.1.1 The activity of the animals must not cause more than 20% of the pasture area they are kept on to be denuded.
7.1.2 Animals and pastures must be managed to avoid the risk of bloat.
7.2 – 7.4 Not Allocated
7.5 Exclusion from Pasture/Ranging and Foraging Areas
For the purposes of these standards AGW defines exclusion from pasture as the following:
- Shutting animals into a house or barn.
- Keeping animals outdoors, outside of the growing season, on a sacrifice pasture (or similar).
- Keeping animals outdoors when pasture is covered to the point that animals cannot access vegetation (e.g. when pasture is snow covered).
Animals who have been properly selected for the specific climate conditions will voluntarily choose to go outdoors in all but the most extreme weather. However, when exclusion is in the best interest of the animal the standards in the following section and those in section 8 must be met.
7.5.1 Animals may only be removed from pasture and housed when their welfare would otherwise be negatively affected.
Note: Acceptable reasons for removal from pasture could include the following: extreme weather, emergencies; for example, wildfires and overnight removal from pasture for predator protection.
7.5.2 If there is planned removal of animals from pasture for any length of time OR in an emergency where removal from pasture exceeds 28 days, the farmer must put into place a written plan for animal management. It must include:
220.127.116.11 Triggers for housing such as temperature, precipitation or soil condition.
18.104.22.168 Space available to each housed animal.
126.96.36.199 Facilities available to house the animals. These must include lying areas, loafing areas, feeding areas and space to enable animals to fulfil their behavioural needs.
184.108.40.206 Triggers for animals to be returned to pasture.
Note: It is not acceptable to use a particular date during the year as a trigger for either housing or return to pasture. Triggers should relate to the identified risk to the welfare of the animals under particular climatic or environmental scenarios.
8.0 General Housing Standards
Shelter for goats may be provided by natural features such as shade, trees, or by buildings. Housing may also be used as shelter.
8.0.1 In climatic regions where their thermal comfort may be negatively impacted, goats must have continuous access as required to housing or shelter that protects them from weather extremes, including high winds, sleet and heavy snows, and sun.
18.104.22.168 Goats must have shelter from the rain.
8.0.2 Not allocated.
8.0.3 In extreme weather there must be a means to feed and water animals in a sheltered environment.
8.0.4 Shelters and housing must be positioned away from areas of run off or potential run off.
8.0.5 Shelters and housing must be well ventilated and allow fresh air to enter.
8.0.6 Shelters and housing must allow natural light to enter.
8.0.7 All housing, shelters and other facilities (such as feeders and water troughs) must be designed and maintained in such a way that they do not pose a risk, or inflict injury or damage to the animals.
8.0.8 Animals must not be subjected to dim and/or continuous lighting or kept in permanent darkness.
8.0.9 In the daytime, the animals must always be able to see each other, their food and water sources, as well as their surroundings clearly.
8.0.10 Inspection of animals must be possible at any time day or night.
8.0.11 Use of artificial light must not extend the maximum day-length beyond 16 hours.
8.0.12 When animals are shut into housing or shelter any artificial light must be distributed evenly.
8.0.13 Not allocated.
8.0.14 Shelters and housing for goats must have solid floors.
Note: Floors may be natural – the surface of the ground or pasture – or artificial. An area of wire or slat under a drinker will be deemed drainage not a floor.
8.0.15 – 8.0.16 Not allocated.
8.0.17 Animals at all times must have an area available that provides dry footing so they are not forced to stand in mud or manure.
8.0.18 Accommodations must be constructed so that they can be easily and effectively cleaned.
8.0.19 Manure must be removed from housing or shelters on a regular basis.
8.0.20 – 8.0.21 Not allocated.
8.0.22 The house or shelter must be managed to eliminate ammonia, dampness and mould.
Note: The human nose can detect ammonia at levels of 5ppm upwards. If the farmer can smell ammonia action must be taken to eliminate the source.
8.0.23 Liquefaction of manure and liquefied manure handling systems are prohibited.
8.0.24 Close confinement in cages, crates or by tethering is prohibited.
8.0.25 Temporary close confinement or tying up (tethering), which may be required for vaccination, weighing, feeding, milking, marking or veterinary procedures, is permitted. This must be noted in the farm plan or recorded at the time.
8.0.26 Maintenance and housekeeping routines must be in place to minimise any potential problems from rats or mice.
8.1 Space Allowances in Housing and Shelter
Space allowances for housing and shelter have been set to allow all animals to move around freely and have sufficient space to lie down allowing for the behavioural structure of the herd.
8.1.1 The following space allowances are required in housing or shelter:
Goats minimum indoor bedded lying area:
Weight of animal | Indoor space – sq. feet | Indoor space – sq. metres |
Up to 44 lb (Up to20kg) | 4 sq. feet | 0.4 sq. metres |
44.1 lb to 88 lb (20.1kg to 40kg) | 7.5 sq. feet | 0.7 sq. metres |
88.1 lb to 132 lb (40.1 kg to 60kg) | 11 sq. feet | 1.0 sq. metres |
132.1 lb to 176 lb (60.1 kg to 80kg) | 13.5 sq. feet | 1.25 sq. metres |
176.1 lb + (80.1kg +) | 16 sq. feet | 1.5 sq. metres |
Goats minimum additional loafing area
Weight of animal | Loafing area – sq. feet | Loafing area – sq. metres |
Up to 44 lb (Up to20kg) | 5.4 sq. feet | 0.5 sq. metres |
44.1 lb to 88 lb (20.1kg to 40kg) | 11 sq. feet | 1.0 sq. metres |
88.1 lb to 132 lb (40.1 kg to 60kg) | 16.5 sq. feet | 1.5 sq. metres |
132.1 lb to 176 lb (60.1 kg to 80kg) | 22 sq. feet | 2.0 sq. metres |
176.1 lb + (80.1kg +) | 27 sq. feet | 2.5 sq. metres |
8.2 Not Allocated
8.3 Temporary Separation and Hospital Pens
8.3.1 There must be provision of a safe place for sick or injured animals to recover, free of competition.
8.3.2 If injured animals are separated from the herd they must only be kept apart until such time they can re-join the group without adversely affecting either the health or welfare of the individual or the herd.
8.3.3 Animals must not be kept in isolation unless briefly required for veterinary procedures or to recover from an illness or injury.
8.3.4 The pen or enclosure for temporarily single-housed animals must meet the space requirements in section 8.1.
8.3.5 Recommended Temporarily single-housed animals should have visual and auditory contact with others.
8.3.6 At minimum, pens used for the treatment of sick animals must be cleaned between each use.
8.4 Bedding
8.4.1 In housing, bedding must be available to goats at all times.
8.4.2 – 8.4.3 Not allocated.
8.4.4 Bedding must be clean, dry, mould-free and replenished as needed.
8.4.5 Bedding must not cause discomfort or harm to the animals. Particular attention must be paid if sand is chosen as bedding.
8.4.6 Recommended Bedding with hay or straw is preferred.
8.4.7 Bedding from timber-based products sourced from chemically treated wood is prohibited.
8.4.8 There must be enough bedding to ensure the comfort of all goats.
8.4.9 In cold temperatures heat must be provided as necessary to keep animals comfortable.
8.5 Raised Platforms for Goats
8.5.1 When goats are excluded from pasture, raised platforms must be provided.
8.5.2 Recommended Goats on pasture should have access to structures they can jump or climb on.
9.0 Removal of Animals from the Approved Farm – General Standards
These standards only apply to animals that the approved farmer retains ownership of when they are moved off the approved farm.
9.0.1 When AWA livestock are removed from the approved farm they must be kept to AWA standards until such time they leave the ownership of the approved farm or farmer.
9.0.2 There must be a separate and specific plan for maintaining animal health and welfare, transport, biosecurity and continued compliance with the AWA standards while animals are removed from the approved farm.
9.1 Temporary Removal of Approved Animals from the Approved Farm
9.1.1 AWA livestock will only retain their status when temporarily removed from the approved farm for the following reasons:
18.104.22.168 Male animals used for breeding.
220.127.116.11 Female animals taken to be naturally served.
18.104.22.168 Movement of animals in an emergency.
220.127.116.11 Movement of animals prepared for showing.
18.104.22.168 Movement of animals for up to 24 hours for routine management practices.
Note: This could include movement for shearing, foot care or other similar practices.
9.1.2 Not allocated.
9.1.3 Goats taken to shows do not have to meet pasture access standards as long as they are only off the approved farm for a maximum of five days.
9.1.4 If AWA breeding animals are hired or taken to farmers that are not AWA the approved farm must ensure that the farm they are transferring the animals to is aware of the relevant standards for management and can meet them.
9.1.5 Showing animals must be conditioned to handling, loading and human contact before movement to a show can be permitted.
10.0 Protection from Predators
10.0.1 All animals must be protected from predators.
10.0.2 If livestock guardian dogs are used their management must meet the AWA guidelines for guardian or herding canine management.
10.0.3 If other guardian animals are used they must be suitable for guardian duties.
10.0.4 Guardian animals must be chosen with consideration of their ability to thrive in the prevailing climatic conditions of the farm, in pasture-based, free range, outdoor systems.
10.0.5 In the event that exclusion is unsuccessful and predation remains an issue, live trapping may be used.
10.0.6 Live traps must be checked twice daily.
10.0.7 All other forms of traps are prohibited.
10.0.8 All snares and leghold traps are prohibited.
10.0.9 The use of poisons against predators is prohibited.
10.0.10 If live trapping is not possible or is not successful then as a last resort lethal control of specific animals may be carried out when these are causing an immediate threat to farm livestock.
10.0.11 If there is a continuous threat from predators that cannot be managed by live trapping advice must be sought from AGW regarding a control programme.
10.0.12 Lethal control/euthanasia of predators must result in instantaneous irreversible unconsciousness and death.
10.0.13 If a predatory animal has been euthanised to protect the animals on the farm, there must be records kept of the species in question, number of animals, and euthanasia method.
10.1 Control of Rats and Mice
10.1.1 Glue boards for the control of rats and mice are prohibited.
10.1.2 Licensed rodenticides placed such that non-target species have no access to them may be used for the control of rats or mice.
10.1.3 Lethal control/euthanasia of live trapped rodents must result in instantaneous irreversible unconsciousness and death.
This section lists the records and plans that must be maintained on farm and the sections where they can be found. All records and plans must be in a physical form that can be shown to the AGW auditor. Verbal plans and records are not acceptable
Note: For new farmers entering the programme a period of 12 months will be provided to put the programme plans and records in place. Please contact AGW if you require assistance. AGW also provides templates for plans and records.
11.0 Written Records
11.0.1 Each farm must maintain, and provide the auditor access to, records to demonstrate compliance with AWA standards.
11.0.2 Records must be kept of the purchase, sale or transfer of AWA animals and products (e.g. feeder kids, milk, meat, etc.).
11.0.3 Records must be kept of mortalities and culls including the cause for these where known.
11.1 Written Plans
AGW requires the following written plans in addition to the emergency plan detailed in this section. See the relevant standard number for more information:
- Health plan; standard 3.0.4
- Pasture management plan; standard 7.0.8
- Transport plan; standard 13.0.1
11.1.1 A plan to care for or house animals in emergency situations must be prepared and be understood by all of those working on the farm.
18.104.22.168 The plan must consider the welfare of the animals during a fire. In shelters or housing with restricted access (a single door or doorways), a fire plan must be established with escape routes to the outdoors, available from the interior of the shelter, to allow all animals to be evacuated quickly. In shelters or housing with restricted access, a method to extinguish the fire (fire extinguisher, water source) must be readily accessed. Animals must be kept from direct access to electrical wiring and heat sources as a fire prevention measure.
22.214.171.124 The plan must ensure welfare of the animals is maintained in any potential climatic extreme such as floods, snow storms, or drought.
22.214.171.124 The plan must ensure welfare of the animals is maintained during any potential disruption of services or mechanical breakdown, such as water supply cutoff and breakdown of feeding or ventilation machinery.
126.96.36.199 The plan must ensure the welfare of animals is maintained during transport to include actions to be taken in the event of an accident or vehicle breakdown.
11.1.2 Recommended All plans for animal management should be reviewed at least annually or whenever changes to farm management practices occur, whichever is most frequent.
Note: This standard applies to the health plan (standard 3.0.4); pasture management plan (standard 7.0.8); emergency plan (standard 11.1.1) and transport plan (standard 13.0.1). Plans should take into account climatic trends where extraordinary events have become more frequent.
12.0 Handling Goats
12.0.1 Efforts must be made to develop positive relationships between the farmer and animals through gentle handling.
12.0.2 All handling areas accessed by the animals must provide good traction, be well drained and kept clean and free of ice in the wintertime.
12.0.3 The use of electric prods or electric shocks is prohibited.
12.0.4 Abuse or maltreatment of animals is prohibited.
12.0.5 All animals must be moved in a calm and consistent manner. Stress from loud noises and rapid movements must be minimised.
12.0.6 All chutes and other facilities for loading must be designed to minimise stress to the animal and ensure that animals can breathe normally as they proceed through the loading process.
12.0.7 Herding dogs must be well trained.
Note: Farmers who regularly train herding dogs must contact AGW to discuss compliance with the standard above.
12.0.8 If working dogs are used their management must meet the AWA guidelines for guardian or herding canine management.
Note: Working dogs include herding dogs and livestock guardian dogs.
12.0.9 Animals must not be used for sport.
13.0 Transport – General Standards
This section applies to all transport of animals including to slaughter, around the farm, between farms or delivery to farm.
13.0.1 A plan must exist to ensure that welfare of the animals is maintained during transport. The plan must include:
184.108.40.206 Transport of animals to the farm.
126.96.36.199 Transport of animals around the farm.
18.104.22.168 Transport of animals off the farm to other farms, to receive veterinary attention or to slaughter.
Note: See Standard 11.1.2 for recommendations on review/update of plans
13.0.2 All animals must be healthy, ambulatory and uninjured to be transported unless they are being transported to receive veterinary treatment.
13.0.3 The person transporting the animals must ensure they are transported without delay to their destination.
13.0.4 A competent individual must take responsibility for ensuring that animals do not suffer any injury or distress at any point immediately before, during and after transport.
13.0.5 All subcontractors, handlers and lorry drivers must adhere to AWA standards.
13.0.6 If delays during transport or unloading upon arrival at destination are anticipated, loading and transport must not commence until those complications are resolved.
13.0.7 During transport, all animals must be protected from harm and thermal stress.
13.0.8 In the event that any animals suffer injury or distress during transport they must be treated or euthanised as soon as practically possible.
13.0.9 Ventilation must be provided that allows the animals to breathe fresh air while on the transport vehicle.
13.0.10 Overcrowding during transport is prohibited. The following space allowances in transport are required:
Weight of goat | Space per goat |
Up to 77lbs (35kg) | 2.70 sq. feet (0.25 sq. metres) |
Up to 100lbs (45kg) | 3.75 sq. feet (0.35 sq. metres) |
Up to 120lbs (55kg) | 6.00 sq. feet (0.55 sq. metres) |
13.0.11 The transportation vehicle must be thoroughly cleaned and dried prior to loading.
13.0.12 All animals must have continuous access to water until the point of loading.
13.1 Transport of Goats
13.1.1 Transporting downed animals is prohibited.
13.1.2 Recommended Animals should not be transported in isolation.
13.1.3 The transport vehicle must be constructed or bedded to prevent animals slipping.
13.1.4 Injured or lame animals must not be sold at auctions and if sent off farm must go directly to slaughter.
13.1.5 Injured or lame animals who are able to travel must not be sent to slaughter in the same compartment as healthy animals.
13.1.6 Animals from different farms must be separated in transport.
13.1.7 Recommended Animals from different social groups (pens) should be separated in transport.
13.1.8 Transport of animals must not exceed eight hours.
Note: A derogation may be granted if an approved abattoir is not available within eight hours travel from the farm.
Transport of breeding stock that are sourced or sold for genetic improvement is exempt from this standard.
126.96.36.199 Transport of kids within seven days of weaning must not exceed three hours.
13.1.9 – 13.1.10 Not allocated.
13.1.11 Does must not be transported off the farm within 4 weeks of expected kidding.
Note: Animals close to giving birth may be transported when it is in the best interests of their health and welfare.
13.2 Transport of Kids
13.2.1 Kids must not be transported around the farm or off the farm until they are at least one week old.
Note: Kids may be moved from the kidding pen back to pasture.
13.2.2 Recommended Kids should not be transported around the farm or off the farm until they are at least six weeks old.
13.2.3 In an emergency a kid that cannot be reared on the approved farm may be transported to be reared off-farm at less than one week old as long as they have already been provided with colostrum.
13.2.4 Not allocated.
13.2.5 Kids must be fit to travel.
14.0 Sale or Transfer of Goats
14.0.1 Recommended All animals should be reared on their farm of birth.
14.0.2 Animals must not be knowingly sold into systems prohibited by these standards.
14.0.3 Routine sale to feedlots is prohibited.
14.0.4 The planned use of livestock markets to sell animals is prohibited.
14.0.5 Animals must not be displayed or offered for sale or transfer at farmers markets, swap meets or similar venues.
Note: Delivery or exchange of animals at a farmers market or similar venue when the sale or transfer has been pre-arranged may be acceptable.
14.0.6 Animals sold live at the point of slaughter under the AWA label or logo must only be sold to customers who will take them to AWA abattoirs.
14.0.7 – 14.0.8 Not allocated
14.0.9 Recommended Kids less than two months of age should not be sold or transferred to slaughter.
14.0.10 Euthanisation of healthy animals is prohibited.
Note: New dairies seeking AWA status that currently euthanise healthy buck kids must have a written plan to end this practice.
14.0.11 Recommended AGW recommends that even if animals or animal products are not sold under the label or logo they are sold to other AWA farms and slaughtered at AWA abattoirs.
14.1 Marketing Breeding Stock
If the farm advertises that any of their animals produced are suitable as breeding stock, the farm is a breeding stock operation and must meet the standards below.
14.1.1 The AWA breeding stock farm must produce animals that are suitable for pasture-based production.
14.1.2 The AWA breeding stock farm must have a written breeding plan that covers the following points:
126.96.36.199 The overall breeding aims.
18.104.22.168 The protocol for selecting and matching sires and dams.
126.96.36.199 The criteria used to assess whether animals are suitable to be marketed as breeding stock
14.1.3 The AWA breeding stock farm must inform buyers about the AWA programme.
15.0 Deviations
15.0.1 AGW must be informed immediately of any changes on farm that could result in a deviation from the standards.
Note: The farmer must inform AGW if they change abattoir from that which is listed on their certificate – even if the change is to another abattoir that has been reviewed and recommended by AWA.
15.0.2 Temporary deviations will be taken into consideration when unexpected circumstances that are not under the control of the farmer arise.
15.0.3 All other deviations from the AWA standards can be cause for reconsideration of the farmer's participation or removal from the AWA programme and use of its seal, in conjunction with that farmer's products.
15.1 Derogations
15.1.1 If, in the opinion of the AWA Standards Board, a system meets all of the principles of the programme but does not pass a specific standard or standards, derogation may be granted.
15.1.2 In order for a derogation to be granted, an inspection report must be submitted stating the deviation from the published standard, the reason for this deviation, the length of time this deviation from standards will occur and the welfare outcome should the derogation be granted.
15.1.3 Derogation may be granted for on-farm trials and case studies that deviate from the standards when the proposed outcome is a benefit to animal welfare and/or farmer education.
15.2 Complaints
15.2.1 A complaints record relating to complaints about AWA certified livestock or products must be maintained and be available at annual inspection. The record must list both the complaint and the action taken by the farm.
Note: The AWA Programme is accredited to ISO 17065 and it is a requirement of our certification that farms within the programme maintain a record in the rare event that any complaint is made. AGW does not expect that farms in the program will receive complaints about their certified livestock or products, but if any are received they must be recorded along with the response from the farm.
16.0 Slaughter of Goats
16.0.1 Recommended On-farm mobile slaughter is recommended.
16.0.2 Not allocated.
16.0.3 Abattoirs receiving animals in the AWA programme, or the process of slaughtering on-farm, must pass a review by the AGW programme for pre-slaughter handling, stunning, and killing.
Note: For further details of the review requirements see the AWA Slaughter Guidelines for Red Meat.
16.0.4 Recommended The person delivering the animals to slaughter should stay with them to ensure that they are slaughtered according to AWA guidelines.
16.0.5 Downed animals must be euthanised where they lie in a manner that renders them immediately insensible to pain.
Note: Please contact AGW if further information on appropriate methods of euthanasia is required.
16.0.6 Meat from downed animals must not be sold or carry the AWA seal.
17.0.1 Producers must use the applicable logo on certified products unless otherwise agreed with AGW.
17.0.2 Records must ensure an input/output balance can be carried out on a product with an AGW log and must be retained for at least two years.
17.0.3 AGW must approve logo use prior to certified sales.


text:
Welcome to the Faucet Face Green Glass Bottle Giveaway!
Sponsored by: Faucet Face
Hosted by: Gloriously Green Gal & Savory Savings
It's pretty well known that drinks taste better from glass – simply because you are not getting chemicals leaching from the plastic bottles into your tasty drink. Krista over at Savory Savings and Gloriously Green Gal recently had a chance to test this out by reviewing glass water bottles from Faucet Face. This bottles not only are better for the environment and your health, but they look great, too!
How would you like to win three glass bottles from Faucet Face? If you would like a chance to win, enter with the Giveaway Tool below. If you have won a Faucet Face giveaway anytime from another blog in the last 12 months, you are not eligible to win this giveaway. The giveaway will run from July 1 through July 22, 2014 at 11 PM CST and is open to US residents, ages 18 and older. Entries will be verified. Winner will be notified via email (consider adding firstname.lastname@example.com to your safe list) – winner will have 48 hours to respond and claim prize or another winner will be selected.
I try to mostly use glass bottles now. Since I have transitioned I can barely stand the taste of anything that doesn't come in glass! Spoiled I know – but really the glass is just so much more healthy.
Good Luck!
Krista from Gloriously Green Gal and Savory Savings received products from this sponsor to facilitate her review, no other compensation was received. All participating blogs are not responsible for prize fulfillment. This giveaway is in no way associated with social media sites including Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Product dimensions: H31 x W152 x D203cm / H12.2 x W59.8 x D79.9"
Product weight: 47.6kg / 104.9lbs
Packaged or boxed dimensions: H33 x W155 x D206cm / H13 x W61 x D81.1"
Packaged or boxed weight: 47.6kg / 104.9lbs
Product dimensions: H31 x W152 x D203cm / H12.2 x W59.8 x D79.9"
Product weight: 47.6kg / 104.9lbs
Packaged or boxed dimensions: H33 x W155 x D206cm / H13 x W61 x D81.1"
Packaged or boxed weight: 47.6kg / 104.9lbs
Care instructions: Rotate and turn your mattress every three months with the seasons. Do not bend or fold your mattress as this may damage it. Professional Upholstery Cleaning Advised
Composition: Wool (100% New Zealand Wool), Cashmere (100% New Zealand Cashmere), Cotton (100% Cotton), Side Stitching (71% Viscose and 29% Polypropylene)
Filling: Wool, Cashmere, Rayon, HD Support Foam, Cotton and Comfort Quilting Foam
Material: Wool, Cashmere, Rayon, HD Support Foam, Natural Cotton, Comfort Quilting Foam, Side Stitching, Chrome Plated Vents
Mattress depth: 31cm
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text:
By Ian Berger, JD
IRA Analyst
Hi! I attended the February 2021 IRA seminar and had a question re: Roth conversions. The seminar discussed rolling over assets held in a company plan into a Roth IRA. I'm dealing with a client that wants to roll over a lump sum from a state pension plan into a Roth IRA. Can you tell me if in your experience this is generally permitted (assuming tax is paid on the conversion amount)?
Thank you in advance.
Hi Patrick,
Lump sum distributions from tax-qualified employer retirement plans can be rolled over to a Roth IRA. A state pension plan would qualify as a tax-qualified plan. Moving funds from the plan to a Roth IRA is a conversion, which is a taxable event.
If you are an employee who participates in a 401(k) and you are a non-owner employee and retire at, for example, age 73, do you have to take an RMD in the year you retire or can you take your RMD by April 1 of the year following retirement?
If you can take your RMD by April 1 of the following year, does that mean you have to take two RMDs in that year?
If you delay RMDs beyond age 72 under the "still-working exception," the first RMD is due for the year you retire. You can defer the RMD for that year until the following April 1, but that would give you two RMDs for that following year. Be careful, though. If you want to do a rollover of your 401(k) funds, any RMD due must be taken first before the balance can be moved to an IRA. So, if you do a rollover in the year you retire, the RMD must be distributed prior to the rollover and cannot be delayed until the following year.


text:
Gallagher M10000i Charger / 100 Joule / 1000 Mile / 6000 Acre
Gallagher M10000i Energizer
The Worlds Most Powerful Electric Fence Charger!
The world's most powerful Energizer. Combining the brute force power of 100 joules with the fence monitoring capabilities of the i Series' adaptive technology, the new M10000i will deliver more power than any other Energizer available today.
Clean Fence: 1000 miles / 6000 acres
Typical Fence: 125 miles / 3000 acres
100 Stored Joules
UL Approved
- 100 joules stored energy
- Up to 1000 Miles / 6,000 Acres
- Operates on standard 110V current.
- Quick scan LED fence performance lights: green light shows fence ok, red light flashes if there's a fence fault and solid red light shows sudden increase in fence load
- Easy installation and good connection using split bolt recessed terminals
- User safety and reliable animal control with in-built lightning and short circuit protection
- Better fence management with output, earth and fence voltage alarms
- Energizer controller included :
- Shows all of your fence performance information (e.g. voltage, faults and location) in one convenient separate display box that can be located up to 160 ft. away from the energizer
- Turn energizer ON/OFF from controller
- Compatible with the full line of Gallagher i Series accessories
- Extra shipping charges may be required for Alaska and Hawaii
Combining the brute force power of 100 stored joules with the fence monitoring smarts of the i Series accessories, the new M10000i will deliver more power to the back of the farm than any other energizer. Suitable for fencing all types of animals on up to 1000 acres. The M10000i provides incredible fence performance regardless of extreme temperature conditions or unreliable power supply - adjusting power output to suit your fence conditions and minimize power consumption.
All Gallagher power fence energizers carry a 2-year warranty, including lightning damage if lightning protection is used. In addition, each carries a 30-day, money-back, customer satisfaction guarantee.


text: These committees are comprised of seven members with the exception of six committees: Commerce, Consumer Protection, and International Affairs Committee, Health and Welfare Committee, Insurance Committee, and Senate and Governmental Affairs Committee have nine each. Finance Committee and Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Committee have eleven each. Each committee has a listing of members, committee jurisdiction, and an e-mail address. Agendas are also available; however, if there is no link to an agenda, then the agenda is not yet available or a meeting has not been scheduled. Additional topical information may vary according to committee.


text:
- Pharmacy
- Prescription Services
- New Prescription
- Refill Prescription
- Transfer Prescription
- Diabetic Supplies
- Over the Counter
- Home Medical
- Pets
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Xyzal
USES: Levocetirizine is an antihistamine used to relieve allergy symptoms such as watery eyes, runny nose, itching eyes/nose, sneezing, hives, and itching. It works by blocking a certain natural substance (histamine) that your body makes during an allergic reaction.
HOW TO USE: Take this medication by mouth with or without food as directed by your doctor, usually once daily in the evening. If you are using the liquid form of this medication, measure the dose carefully using a special measuring device/spoon. Do not use a household spoon because you may not get the correct dose. The dosage is based on your age, medical condition, and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or take this medication more often than directed. Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or if it worsens.
SIDE EFFECTS: Drowsiness, tiredness, and dry mouth may occur. Fever or cough may also occur, especially in children. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, get medical help right away if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing. This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. In the US - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before taking levocetirizine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to cetirizine; or to hydroxyzine; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: kidney disease. This drug may make you drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness until you are sure you can perform such activities safely. Avoid alcoholic beverages. Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products). During pregnancy, this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. This medication passes into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Drug interactions may change how your medications work or increase your risk for serious side effects. This document does not contain all possible drug interactions. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription/nonprescription drugs and herbal products) and share it with your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicines without your doctor's approval. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other products that cause drowsiness including alcohol, other antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine), drugs for sleep or anxiety (such as alprazolam, diazepam, zolpidem), muscle relaxants, and narcotic pain relievers (such as codeine). Check the labels on all your medicines (such as cough-and-cold products) because they may contain ingredients that cause drowsiness. Ask your pharmacist about using those products safely. Do not use with any other antihistamines applied to the skin (such as diphenhydramine cream, ointment, spray) because increased side effects may occur. Levocetirizine is very similar to hydroxyzine and cetirizine. Do not use these medications while using levocetirizine. This medication may interfere with certain laboratory tests (including allergy skin testing), possibly causing false test results. Make sure laboratory personnel and all your doctors know you use this drug.
OVERDOSE: If overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call the US National Poison Hotline at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: severe drowsiness. In children, mental/mood changes (such as restlessness, agitation) may occur before drowsiness.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.
MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medications away from children and pets. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company.
Information last revised May 2012. Copyright(c) 2012 First Databank, Inc.


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The world media is consumed by the events in Egypt and there is little coverage of the protests in Yemen. Inspired by the uprising in Egypt and the stepping down of Hosni Mubarak, Yemeni people continue with their anti-government demonstrations. According to Aljazeera and other news reports on Saturday's demonstration, people were chanting "After Mubarak, it's Ali's turn" and "A Yemeni revolution after the Egyptian revolution."
On Saturday protesters started from Sana'a University toward Tahrir square. Near the square the peaceful demonstrators encountered pro-government demonstrators and plain clothes security forces who had gathered in the square since early morning. The encounter resulted injuries and some arrests. The violence continued on Sunday in Sana'a and several other cities in Yemen.
A number of people were arrested following the Friday and Saturday anti-government demonstrations. In an unconfirmed report Khaled al Anesi, the lawyer and human rights activist, was arrested but was released after an hour.
On Sunday in a news conference, Joint Meeting Parties (JMP), a coalition of opposition parties, welcomed the street protests, but warned against possible escalation of violence.
President Ali Saleh who is an important ally of the US in the fight against Al-Qaeda has in recent weeks announced raising army salaries, reducing income taxes, ordering price control and not seeking re-election when his term ends in 2013. However these measures seem to have been ineffective in satisfying the protestors and young people in particular.
It is the responsibility of the Yemeni government to protect the demonstrators and allow peaceful assembly.
The Yemeni authorities must release all the people who have been detained as a result of their participation in peaceful demonstrations.
Learn more about human rights in Yemen at Amnesty's Yemen country page.


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A clean home is very important. No body can argue with that statement. And no doubt you prefer to spend your time doing other more pleasant activities rather than mopping and scrubbing. We at House Cleaner London suggest that you use our professional cleaning services to give you freedom from boring and time consuming household chores.
House Cleaning Services
Regular Cleaning | £20 |
One Off Cleaning | £21 |
Deep Cleaning | £22 |
Bedroom Carpet Cleaning | from £23 |
End Of Tenancy Cleaning - Studio | from £89 |
We provide domestic cleaning services for regularly scheduled weekly or monthly house cleaning or one time special services such as spring cleaning, after builders and renovations cleaning, pre- or post-party cleaning, moving in or moving out cleaning, deep cleaning, guaranteed end of tenancy cleaning. We are ready to customize our services in order to suit your specific needs.
Apart from the mentioned above cleaning services we can provide other specialized services that range from carpet, sofa, blinds cleaning to gardening services. House Cleaner London work in cooperation with you to ensure your cleaning meets all your requirements.
When you decide to book with us we will need some basic information on the type of service you need and the size of the property. We will give you an estimate over the phone and discuss ways to fit your busy schedule and budget.
The cleaners will work from a list of priorities given by you to follow. It should include the most important things from you to be done, but not limited to. The only frames you have is the booked time. Should the time be not enough for the cleaners to fulfill the list, they can stay upon request and be paid according to the already set hourly based rate.
We will send the number of cleaners necessary to carry out the amount of work for the time you desire. If you are not certain we can advise you on that matter. Thereby the more accurate information we get, the more precise a quote we can give.
If you book specialized services such as carpet or upholstery cleaning the rate will be flat and not charged by the hour. Regarding our guaranteed End of Tenancy cleaning service we have certain high levels of cleanliness to cover and it is a package of services not charged by the hour, too.
How to book cleaning service near Queens Park?
We have an incredibly easy booking process so that you can easily receive a cleaning service whenever you need it. All you have to do to schedule an appointment with us and follow the few simple steps that we mention below. You will have to share some information with our customer service agents and will be provided with a free quote.
- We accept calls 7 days a week, however, you can also write us an email. We will assist you with everything.
- The next step is to provide our booking agents with useful information about the property's size, location and condition.
- You will be given a list of services that you can additionally book and combine with the initial job you are receiving.
- The cost of your service will be calculated based on the size of your property, as well as the number and type of tasks you arranged.
Looking for a cleaning service in London? We operate in:
Oven Cleaning
Single Oven Cleaning | £60 |
Double Oven Cleaning | from £79 |
Extractor Cleaning | £20 |
Cooker Hob Cleaning | £23 |
Fridge Cleaning | £60 |
Book our oven cleaning service – we will remove any buildup, grease, unpleasant smells, and filth from your kitchen appliance. You will be able to prepare your favourite dishes in a clean and sanitised oven.
End of Tenancy Cleaning Services
Studio Flat | from £89 |
One Bedroom Flat | from £145 |
Two Bedroom Flat | from £165 |
Three Bedroom Flat | from £189 |
If you are moving out, you are probably rather short on free time. Do not worry about the end of tenancy cleaning that is so important. Book the professional cleaning service we offer and rest assured that our experienced cleaners will take care of everything. All standards will be met and the entire property will be left immaculate and ready for future tenants.
Deep Cleaning Services
One Bedroom Property | £145 |
Two Bedroom Property | £165 |
Three Bedroom Property | £191 |
Regular Cleaning | £20 /h |
One Off Cleaning | £21 /h |
We focus on helping people live in the clean and healthy conditions they deserve. We offer a professional approach towards all cleaning activities required in each home and guarantee that all work provided by us is performed by experienced and devoted cleaners. The deep cleaning service you can receive from us will leave your entire place immaculate, cleaned and disinfected.
Carpet Cleaning Services
Hallway/Landing Carpet | from £4 |
Bedroom Carpet | from £23 |
Livingroom Carpet | from £25 |
Upholstery Cleaning – Armchair | from £18 |
Upholstery Cleaning – Sofa | from £30 |
Minimum call out charge £55. | |
Dust, grime and germs hide in the fibres of carpets and often cause allergy reactions, especially when not cleaned on a regular basis. To ensure their proper removal, book our deep carpet cleaning service. It is always performed by professional cleaning experts that use high quality tools and products. We guarantee that your carpets will be left spotless and disinfected by the end of the service.
Garden Cleaning Services
Gardening services | from £45 |
Jet Washing | from £45 |
Gutter cleaning | from £60 |
To complete the beautiful looks of your property, you should also take care of the outdoor area. To properly get rid of weeds and overgrown bushes, book our company. Our experienced technicians will take care of everything using high quality tools.
Questions about our cleaning services:
I am interested in booking your end of tenancy cleaning service, but I would like to know if the service is guaranteed.
Yes, after the completion of the service, there is a 48 hour guarantee.
Do you use carpet detergents that will protect the fabric and its fibres?
Yes, once the cleaning has been completed, you can request the application of SCOTCHGARD protector for carpets and upholstery. This product will protect the fabric and help it repel stains.
Can I receive regular house cleaning services from your company?
Yes! Our house cleaning service is usually a one time job, however, a lot of people decide to book it on a regular basis. You can receive our services weekly, biweekly or monthly.
How can I book a service?
The booking process for all our services is very easy. Whether you are ready to schedule an appointment or are looking for more information on the services, feel free to contact us via phone or email. Our office agents will answer all your questions and guide you through the process. They will help you choose the perfect service for your needs.
Can I make personal requests or add special tasks to my service?
We understand that each person has different needs and we appreciate that. We focus on delivering custom services that suit all our customer's needs and personal requests are more than welcome. All you have to do is let your booking agent know about any special requirements or additional tasks you would like to include so that they may prepare the cleaning team accordingly.
Is your company insured?
Along with the high quality, we focus on security and safety when providing any of our cleaning services. All members of our team are licensed, insured and detailed background checks have been done on all of them prior to their employment. You can trust them completely and may rest assured that your property is in good hands.
What are your working hours?
You can schedule an appointment seven days a week, from 07:00 AM to 08:00 PM.
Is a contract required?
Absolutely not. We deliver custom services at a time suitable for your busy schedule and you are only required to pay once the cleaning job has been completed.
If it was not for your amazing end of tenancy cleaning service, I would have forfeited my security deposit. Thank you for delivering such a wonderful cleaning session. I would not hesitate to book your service again.
Bailey BoothI needed help with the move-out cleaning so I booked your end of tenancy cleaning service. Thanks to the hard work of your cleaners, I left on good terms with my landlord. He loved the outcome and let me keep the deposit.
Samuel BishopNow I know that no matter how dirty and messy my home is, the professional cleaners of your company are here to save the day. Thanks to their great job every time, I have been a customer for so many years.
Mollie KerrI could never replace your end of tenancy cleaning service for another one. No one else can deep clean a property to such a high standard without me having to pay though my nose. I strongly recommend this company and their services.
Mollie ConnollyI was looking for a professional cleaning service and a friend of mine recommended me this one. The housekeeper came exactly on time and did a wonderful job. It was thanks to him I was able to leave on good terms with my landlord.
Spencer SheppardThe cleaning services of this company are second to none. My home looks amazing now and it is all thanks to the hard work of those cleaners. I do not think I can recommend this company enough.
Libby SpencerI was recommended this company's cleaning services and I did not hesitate to set up an appointment. The cleaners were so kind and knew what I needed to be done. The service is very fairly priced which is another reason I loved it that much.
Aidan NewmanI have been a customer of this company for over a year now and their housekeepers have never let me down. They are always so kind and hard-working. My home is in safe hands! I strongly recommend these cleaning services .
Harrison Carroll


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This Wireless N150 ADSL2+ Easy Modem Router (GO-DSL-N150) (Annex A, I, J, L & M) router connects to the Internet using an integrated high-speed ADSL2/2+ interface. Multiple computers at home or the office can share its high-speed Internet connection. The router provides firewall protection and QoS for secure and smooth online gaming, voice communication, and downloading of photos, files, music, and video over the Internet. Built-in WLAN provides high-speed access for wireless users, while four Ethernet ports provide connection to computers through Ethernet cables.
All-In-One Solution
The Wireless N150 ADSL2+ Easy Modem Router includes everything you need to set up a secure, high-speed Internet connection.
- Integrated WLAN interface provides speeds up to four times faster than 802.11g
- Four 10/100 Mbps Ethernet switch ports
- QoS and firewall protection
Ultimate Internet Connection
The Wireless N150 ADSL2+ Easy Modem Router is an affordable high-performance ADSL router for homes and small offices. This router features integrated ADSL2/2+ supporting download speeds of up to 24 Mbps, a high-speed wireless interface, firewall protection, Quality of Service (QoS), and a 4-port switch, all the essentials that a home or small office needs to establish a secure and high-speed remote link to the outside world.
High-Speed Wired and Wireless LAN Connection
The Wireless N150 ADSL2+ Easy Modem Router provides an integrated WLAN interface that supports high wireless speeds and interoperability with 802.11g/b wireless devices on the 2.4 GHz frequency band. It also provides four 10/100 Mbps Ethernet switch ports to connect computers. These built-in functions save you the cost and troubleof installing a separate wireless access point and an Ethernet switch.
Firewall Protection and QoS
Security features prevent unauthorized access to your home or office network from Internet intruders. The router provides firewall security using Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) and Denial of Service (DoS) attack protection. SPI inspects the contents of all incoming packet headers before deciding what packets are allowed to pass through. Router access control is provided with packet filtering based on port and source/destination MAC/IP addresses. For Quality of Service (QoS), the router supports multiple priority queues to enable a group of home or office users to experience the benefit of a smooth network connection of inbound and outbound data without worrying about traffic congestion. This QoS support allows users to enjoy high-speed ADSL transmission for applications such as VoIP, streaming multimedia, and online games over the Internet.
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Wireless standard
Wireless N |
Wireless speed
150 Mbps 2.4 GHz |
Wired interface
4 x Fast Ethernet LAN ADSL2/2+ |


text: A meeting with catcher Kazuya Miyuki changed the 15-year-old Eijun Sawamura's life. He said goodbye to all his friends and knocked upon the door of Seidou, a prestigious baseball school, intent on testing his own strength. There, he met many proud baseball players who were betting everything on the sport! A classic tale, yet new and fresh.


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Tiotropium makes breathing easier for people with COPD and treats asthma. It is available as a capsule to be administered through a special device and is also available as an oral inhalation spray.
Tiotropium Overview
Tiotropium is a prescription medication used daily to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tiotropium inhalation spray is also used for long-term maintenance treatment of asthma. Tiotropium belongs to a group of drugs called antimuscarinics which work by relaxing the smooth muscle of the airways, making it easier to breathe.
This medication comes in capsule form to use with a specially designed inhaler. These capsules are not to be swallowed. Instead, using the Spiriva HandiHaler, the capsule is punctured, and the powder inside the capsule is inhaled into the lungs. Tiotropium is taken once a day.
Tiotropium is also available as an oral inhalation spray and is used once a day.
Common side effects include upper respiratory tract infection, dry mouth, and sinus infection.
How was your experience with Tiotropium Bromide?
Tiotropium Cautionary Labels
Uses of Tiotropium
Tiotropium is a prescription medication used each day to control symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Tiotropium inhalation spray (Spiriva Respimat) is also used for long-term maintenance treatment of asthma in people aged six years and older.
This medication may be prescribed for other uses. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Tiotropium Brand Names
Tiotropium may be found in some form under the following brand names:
Tiotropium Drug Class
Tiotropium is part of the drug class:
Side Effects of Tiotropium
Tiotropium can cause serious side effects. See "Drug Precautions".
Other side effects with tiotropium include:
- upper respiratory tract infection
- dry mouth
- sinus infection
- sore throat
- non-specific chest pain
- urinary tract infection
- indigestion
- runny nose
- constipation
- increased heart rate
- blurred vision
These are not all the possible side effects with tiotropium. Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
Tiotropium Interactions
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines and eye drops, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some of your other medicines or supplements may affect the way tiotropium works. Tiotropium is an anticholinergic medicine. You should not take other anticholinergic medicines while using tiotropium, including ipratropium. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure if one of your medicines is an anticholinergic.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of your medicines with you to show your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
Tiotropium Precautions
Do not use tiotropium if you are allergic to tiotropium, ipratropium (Atrovent), or any of the ingredients in tiotropium.
Tiotropium can cause serious side effects, including:
Allergic reaction. Symptoms may include:
- raised red patches on your skin (hives)
- itching
- rash
- swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing
If you have these symptoms of an allergic reaction, stop taking tiotropium and call your doctor right away or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Sudden narrowing and blockage of the airways into the lungs (bronchospasm). If your breathing suddenly gets worse, stop taking tiotropium and call your doctor right away or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
New or worsened increased pressure in the eyes (acute narrow-angle glaucoma). Symptoms of acute narrow-angle glaucoma may include:
- eye pain
- blurred vision
- seeing halos (visual halos) or colored images along with red eyes
Using only eye drops to treat these symptoms may not work. If you have these symptoms, stop taking tiotropium and call your doctor right away.
New or worsened urinary retention. Symptoms of blockage in your bladder and/or enlarged prostate may include:
- difficulty passing urine
- painful urination.
If you have these symptoms of urinary retention, stop taking tiotropium and call your doctor right away.
Do not let the powder from the tiotropium capsule get into your eyes. Your vision may get blurry and the pupil in your eye may get larger (dilate). If this happens, call your doctor.
Tiotropium can cause dizziness and blurred vision. Should you experience these symptoms you should use caution when engaging in activities such as driving a car or operating appliances or other machines.
Tiotropium Food Interactions
Medicines can interact with certain foods. In some cases, this may be harmful and your doctor may advise you to avoid certain foods. In the case of tiotropium there are no specific foods that you must exclude from your diet when receiving tiotropium.
Inform MD
Before taking tiotropium, tell your doctor about all your medical conditions, including if you:
- have kidney problems.
- have glaucoma. Tiotropium may make your glaucoma worse.
- have an enlarged prostate, problems passing urine, or a blockage in your bladder. Tiotropium may make these problems worse.
- are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
- are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.
- have a severe allergy to milk proteins. Ask your doctor if you are not sure.
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Tiotropium and Pregnancy
Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
The FDA categorizes medications based on safety for use during pregnancy. Five categories - A, B, C, D, and X, are used to classify the possible risks to an unborn baby when a medication is taken during pregnancy.
This medication falls into category C. In animal studies, pregnant animals were given this medication and had some babies born with problems. No well-controlled studies have been done in humans. Therefore, this medication may be used if the potential benefits to the mother outweigh the potential risks to the unborn child.
Tiotropium and Lactation
Tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if tiotropium passes into breast milk. You and your doctor will decide if tiotropium is right for you while you breastfeed.
Tiotropium Usage
- Use tiotropium exactly as prescribed. Use tiotropium one time every day.
- Read the "Instructions for Use" contained in the leaflet that comes with tiotropium. Talk with your doctor if you do not understand the instructions.
Tiotropium capsules
- Do not swallow tiotropium capsules.
- Only use tiotropium capsules with the HandiHaler device.
- Do not use the HandiHaler device to take any other medicine.
- Tiotropium comes as a powder in a tiotropium capsule that fits the HandiHaler device. Each tiotropium capsule, containing only a small amount of tiotropium powder, is one full dose of medicine.
- Separate one blister from the blister card. Then take out one of the tiotropium capsules from the blister package right before you use it.
- After the capsule is pierced, take a complete dose of tiotropium by breathing in the powder by mouth two times, using the HandiHaler device (take 2 inhalations from one tiotropium capsule).
- Throw away any tiotropium capsule that is not used right away after it is taken out of the blister package. Do not leave the tiotropium capsules open to air; they may not work as well.
- If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. Do not use tiotropium more than one time every 24 hours.
- If you use more than your prescribed dose of tiotropium, call your doctor or a poison control center.
Inhalation Spray
Inserting the cartridge and Preparation for use
1) With the green cap closed, press the safety catch and pull off the clear base.
2) Take the cartridge out of the box. Push the narrow end of the cartridge into the inhaler until it clicks into place. The cartridge should be pushed gently against a firm surface to ensure that it has gone all the way in. Do not remove the cartridge once it has been inserted into the inhaler.
3) Replace the clear base. Do not remove the clear base again.
4) Hold the inhaler upright, with the green cap closed. Turn the base in the direction of the red arrows on the label until it clicks (half a turn).
5) Open the green cap until it snaps fully open.
6) Point the inhaler towards the ground. Press the dose release button. Close the green cap.
Repeat steps 4, 5 and 6 until a cloud is visible.
Then repeat steps 4, 5 and 6 three more times to ensure the inhaler is prepared for use. Your inhaler is now ready to use.
Tiotropium Dosage
Take tiotropium exactly as prescribed. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully.
The recommended dose of tiotropium (Spiriva) is two inhalations of the powder contents of one tiotropium capsule, once-daily, with the HandiHaler device.
The recommended dose of tiotropium (Spiriva Respimat) is two inhalations once-daily.
- Treatment of COPD: 2 inhalations of Spiriva Respimat 2.5 mcg once-daily
- Treatment of asthma (6 years and older): 2 inhalations of Spiriva Respimat 1.25 mcg once-daily.
Tiotropium Overdose
If you take too much tiotropium, call your healthcare provider or local Poison Control Center, or seek emergency medical attention right away.
If tiotropium is administered by a healthcare provider in a medical setting, it is unlikely that an overdose will occur. However, if overdose is suspected, seek emergency medical attention.
Other Requirements
Tiotropium Capsules
- Do not store tiotropium capsules in the HandiHaler device.
- Store tiotropium capsules in the sealed blister package at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20° to 25°C).
- Keep tiotropium capsules away from heat and cold (do not freeze).
- Store tiotropium capsules in a dry place. Throw away any unused tiotropium capsules that have been open to air.
- Keep the HandiHaler, tiotropium capsules, and all medicines out of the reach of children.
Tiotropium Inhaler
Do not use the inhaler after the expiry date which is stated on the carton and on the inhaler.
Keep the inhaler and all medicines out of the reach of children.
Store tiotropium inhaler at Room Temperature between 59ºF to 86ºF (15ºC to 30ºC).
Do not freeze your tiotropium cartridge and inhaler.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions about storing your medication.