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Physics For High Schools (KS4)
Atomic Model
Atomic Model
Atomic Model problem 4
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subset: commoncrawl


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Today I attended a trial in the Mannheim Regional Court relating to two Samsung lawsuits over 3G-related patents. Formally the court had scheduled a doubleheader, but in recognition of non-negligible overlap between the two cases, today's three-hour session addressed all claims and defenses brought in both of them. (For the sake of accuracy, Samsung is asserting a third patent in a litigation that will go to trial on December 16.)
This is the same court that entered, one week ago, a default judgment against Apple Inc. in a litigation brought by Motorola.
The presiding judge indicated preliminary positions and inclinations that suggest the two German litigations tried today pose considerable risk to Apple but won't necessarily result in rulings that Samsung can effectively enforce against Apple's core products. The most important -- but not the only -- uncertainty in this regard is whether any ruling on the present litigations would or would not be enforceable against the iPhone 4S, which Apple notes was launched long after Samsung's April 21 complaints and which Apple says raises new technical as well as licensing issues with respect to the patents-in-suit. Apple's position ("until recently, even we didn't know what the product's technical characteristics and name were going to be") was viewed very skeptically by the judge at the start, but Apple still has the formal chance to persuade him on this.
Rulings on the two cases tried today have been scheduled for January 20 and 27, 2012. Assuming that Samsung wins one or two infringement rulings, which is anything but unlikely at this stage, the judge appears inclined to leave some important questions to subsequent enforcement disputes. Apple's lawyers propose to have as much as possible clarified in the ongoing litigations while Samsung wants to proceed one step at a time. The judge appears to understand that injunctions would almost inevitably result in enforcement disputes and a need for future (post-injunction) court hearings, but unless Apple's lawyers come up with very compelling legal arguments in their post-hearing brief (to be filed on or before December 23, with the exclusion of the iPhone 4S probably being Apple's number one priority), the judge will probably rule on Samsung's original prayers for relief as they stand.
According to what was said, Samsung is demanding, within the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany,
a permanent injunction against the distribution,
damages (and information required to calculate them) relating to past sales,
a recall from the retail channel, and
the destruction
of all 3G-capable Apple products (iPhones and iPads), not only the ones Apple was selling by the time of Samsung's complaints but also future ones, including the iPhone 4S.
The patents-in-suit
The two patents asserted in today's litigations are
EP1005726 on a "turbo encoding/decoding device and method for processing frame data according to QoS", and
EP1114528 on an "apparatus and method for controlling a demultiplexer and a multiplexer used for rate matching in a mobile communication system".
Samsung's third German complaint against Apple, which wasn't at issue today, relates to EP1188269 on an "apparatus for encoding a transformat format combination indicator for a communication system".
According to an Apple filing with a United States District Court, all three of those patents have been declared essential to the 3G (UMTS) standard. In today's hearing, it was stated that the first patent relates to the 3G standard and the second one to its implementation, but for the time being I assume that both have been declared essential.
Issues discussed at today's hearing
Most of the court session was about claim construction (the interpretation of key terms on which the scope of a patent depends), which U.S. courts and the ITC clarify well ahead of trial by means of separate orders. The judge raised questions about one disputed term concerning the first patent and a couple of issues relating to the second patent:
For the first patent, the key issue was whether the patent disclosed a sufficiently clear "nexus" between the type of service (voice call, data connection etc.) and the way in which data are packaged. The court raised a question about this, and half-way into the discussion one of the judges told Samsung that it had not yet rebutted Apple's related objections, but toward the end it looked like Samsung can still win on this count. Apple's most recent pleading addressing this issue was received by Samsung's counsel only on November 2. and Samsung wants to reply. Without access to the documents it's difficult to say where this one stands, but the presiding judge appeared a little more inclined to agree with Samsung, on a preliminary basis.
For the second patent, one claim construction issue is whether a wording that refers to three data channels can also be infringed by a technology using four channels. On this one, the judge said quite clearly that the presence of additional elements beyond the ones disclosed by a patent usually does not trigger a finding of non-infringement. Apple may find other ways to prevent a finding of infringement, especially since the judge started with a skeptical question concerning Samsung's contentions, but the mere presence of a fourth channel likely won't help.
The reference to a demultiplexer raises issues that appear to have wider-ranging implications. Apple would like the court to interpret that one rather narrowly in order to escape an infringement finding. The narrow definition proposed by Apple is that there must be a demultiplexer hardware component (given that this is an apparatus patent), but Samsung argues that demultiplexing was typically implemented by software even on the priority date of that patent (the filing date of the original Korean patent application). But a patent attorney advising Apple raised some good questions, especially since it seems that the European patent application is different in this regard from the Korean one, which could affect the priority date and, as a result, possibly persuade the court that the patent isn't valid. The judge acknowledged that the same claim construction would have to be applied to the assessments of the presumed validity and the alleged infringement of the patent. However, he pointed out that only a "high probability" of invalidity would be outcome-determinative in Apple's favor.
As the above summary shows, it's not impossible that Apple might fend off both patent infringement suits, but Samsung is more likely to win on at least one of those counts.
Apple's lead counsel stated that his client was, at least potentially but apparently quite seriously, willing to sign a cease-and-desist declaration with respect to those patents to the extent that Apple is not licensed based on the chips it purchases. While the devil is in the details when it comes to the wording of such covenants, meaning that Apple perhaps wouldn't accept to enter into anything truly useful to Samsung, I tend to take this gesture as another indication of Apple having realized that the technical infringement analysis is difficult (even if not impossible) to win.
The final part -- approximately the final third -- of the meeting covered Apple's equitable defenses. One of them is related to the question of patent exhaustion, and the other one to FRAND-based standards:
The question of patent exhaustion depends on what Samsung's license agreements with Infineon and Intel say. Apple complained that Samsung refused to provide detail, and that it obtained a copy of the Intel agreement only in late September following a discovery motion in California. The judge appeared inclined not to hold against Apple that it presented such material relatively late in the game. However, he probably prefers to address licensing questions at the enforcement stage following a possible injunction or two (or three if we take into account the third ongoing Samsung v. Apple litigation in Mannheim).
A pivotal date in this regard is January 31, 2011. Until that date, Apple bought is baseband chips from Infineon, and thereafter, from Intel (which acquired Infineon's mobile technologies division). It's possible that Intel's contract with Samsung is different from the one Infineon had. And for the iPhone 4S, Apple's baseband chip vendor is Qualcomm.
Unless the court changes mind and looks into patent exhaustion at this stage, there will be some interesting future discussions.
The presiding judge was not particularly receptive to Apple's FRAND defense. Unlike the Dutch judge who told Samsung that there was no case for an injunction since it failed to make an offer to Apple on FRAND terms, the Mannheim judge cited the Orange Book decision of The Federal Court of Justice of Germany and stressed that a party requiring a license to standards-essential patents is responsible for obtaining one, and has to make an offer to the patent holder.
Apple presented a German article (published by Wirtschaftswoche the country's leading business weekly) that says Samsung sells components worth between 7 and 8 billion dollars to Apple on an annual basis. Apple wasn't allowed to reveal the actual figure due to confidentiality obligations and therefore pointed to an article. The judge acknowledge that the two companies are doing business. But he didn't take a clear position on Apple's argument that its obligation to procure a license would have to be viewed in light of that ongoing business relationship and the fact that Samsung didn't claim, or even hint at possible claims of, patent infringement until it decided to retaliate for Apple's assertions of non-standards-related patents.
The Mannheim court generally has a reputation of not being particularly receptive to FRAND defenses. Given that Samsung asserts such FRAND-pledged patents against Apple in nine countries, it's not impossible that Samsung will prevail in some courts, but if Apple cannot fend off Samsung's assertions of standards-related patents in the courts (at least in all major markets, which undoubtedly include Germany), the outcome of this dispute could depend in no small part on the European Commission's inquiry into Samsung's use of such patents (which is now at the stage of a preliminary investigation). In a way, the situation Apple is facing may provide the European Commission with an opportunity to strengthen the rights of implementers of FRAND standards on a Europe-wide basis, countering developments in certain jurisdictions (such as Germany).
No live tweet coverage allowed
At the beginning of the hearing, the judge emphasized that he does not allow live reporting from his court sessions. He said such hearings are public, but not in terms of a media event, and he said that the use of mobile phones in the courtroom is not allowed. In this context he mentioned that this week he had read on a blog about the intent to live tweet from his hearings. Chances are he was referring to what I said at the end of this recent blog post (relating to a different dispute -- Motorola Mobility v. Apple -- but the same court).
Due to the judge's introductory warning, I didn't do any tweet during the actual hearing. However, about a half-hour into the session, the court's press spokesman (a judge himself) entered and walked up to the bench. The judge then said that a tweet from inside the courtroom had already triggered the first inquiry from a foreign reporter, and he wanted to ensure that no more messages would go out. As a result, everyone except for the parties' own representatives, employees and consultants had to leave the room and store their mobile devices outside (in lockers).
I don't intend to pursue this any further, but I believe sooner or later the German Federal Constitutional Court will have to clarify whether the use of wireless devices in silent mode for text messages can be prohibited by judges. Given that tweets and other text messages don't amount to broadcasts or recordings, I think such communication should be permitted, but that battle isn't mine to fight.
Two dozen attendees including Apple's VP of litigation
Besides the parties' counsel (five lawyers for Apple from the firms of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer and Hoffmann Eitle, and four Rospatt lawyers for Samsung, in each case including patent attorneys), there were about two dozen attendees. Most of those were employees of and consultants to the parties, most notably Apple's Vice President of Litigation, Noreen Krall.I also saw several observers from Asia in the room, presumably Koreans. Simultaneous translation to English was provided via headsets.
But I couldn't spot any journalists in the room. That will be very different at the various upcoming Mannheim hearings. Mannheim is now going to be a key venue in the worldwide disputes between Apple and Samsung on the one hand, and Apple and Motorola on the other hand. The German market is the largest one in Europe. The Mannheim Regional Court is positioning itself as a rocket docket (today's trial related to a lawsuit filed less than seven months ago). And German courts are, as Samsung knows, relatively willing to grant injunctive relief.
If you'd like to be updated on the smartphone patent disputes and other intellectual property matters I cover, please subscribe to my RSS feed (in the right-hand column) and/or follow me on Twitter @FOSSpatents and Google+.
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The Social Security Number, A Biography: Part 2
By Matt Soniak
Social Security office in Baltimore, Maryland. Photo courtesy of the Library of Congress.
Last time, we looked at the birth of the Social Security Number, why it was needed and how it was structured. Once the form and function of the number was settled, the Social Security Administration tackled the job of getting their creation assigned to people.
Who got the first Social Security Number?
Without their own field offices, the SSA relied on the Postal Service to be their boots on the ground. Forty-five thousand post offices helped assign and distribute the first batch of SSNs; 1074 of those offices even tasked employees with typing up the Social Security cards that went with the numbers. In November 1936, the post offices started contacting local employers to find out how many employees they had and then distributed SSN applications accordingly. Once these forms were returned, the post offices assigned an SSN to each person, made up a card for them, and copied the assignment to the SSA in Baltimore for the master files. This was supposed to be done on Tuesday the 24th.
Because the completed applications could be brought to a post office in person or returned in the mail, and the numbers and cards distributed at the offices or by letter, and because hundreds of thousands of SSNs were issued on that same day (or earlier, if a post office didn't follow its instructions), it's difficult to say who the first person to actually get their number was.
Meanwhile, at the SSA headquarters in Baltimore, the number assignments were being broken down into groups of 1000 for processing into the master files. When the first group was done, the head of the operation pulled the top record off the stack and opened it. It might not have been the first number assigned to a person—though some newspapers reported it as such the next day—or the first card typed, but as far as the SSA was concerned, it was the first official Social Security record, and it was symbolic enough.
The number was 055-09-0001, and it belonged to 23-year-old John D. Sweeney, Jr., of New Rochelle, New York. Sweeney unfortunately did not live long enough to ever receive his Social Security benefits, dying of a heart attack at the age of 61.
Who got the lowest Social Security Number?
The SSA had some control over where numbers were issued because of the early geographic distribution of the area number. The lowest numbers went to the northeast states, and while Maine, the most northeasterly of them, should have gotten the block of numbers starting in 001, that group number actually went to New Hampshire.
This was done so that the lowest possible SSN, 001-01-0001, could be given to Social Security Board Chairman and former New Hampshire governor John G. Winant. He passed on the number, so the SSA then offered it to John Campbell, a Regional Representative of the Federal Bureau of Old Age Benefits. He didn't want it either. The SSA finally decided to just assign it to the first New Hampshire applicant, Grace D. Owen of Concord.
Who got the first Social Security payment?
In the first few years of Social Security's existence, benefits were paid out as a single lump sum. The first of these payments went to Ernest Ackerman of Cleveland, Ohio, who had excellent timing and retired just one day after the program was put into action. He had five cents withheld from his last paycheck as a Social Security payment and, upon retiring, received 17 cents in benefits.
In 1940, the program switched to monthly payments, and the first check was sent to Ida May Fuller of Ludlow, Vermont, for the amount of $22.54. That doesn't seem like much, but Ida made out like a bandit on Social Security over her lifetime. She worked for 3 years under the program and contributed $24.75 before retiring, but lived to age 100 and collected almost $22,000 in benefits.
Tomorrow: How the Social Security Number became a major tool in recordkeeping and identification.


text:
Donations To CMRF
Financial Aid for Medical
Financial Aid for Natural Calamities And Un-Natural Deaths
List of Empanel Hospitals Under CMRF
Applications of Relief Fund:-
Although The Chief Minister Relief fund provides financial assistance to the people affected by the major natural calamities like flood, drought, fire accident etc.; in addition to natural disasters the fund extends its support to the following purposes:
1. Natural disaster (Deluge, floods and earthquakes, etc.)
2. In cases of ethnic riots and bomb blasts etc., the aid is provided through the various government schemes. However, if the Chief Minister accords his consent, financial Assistance, may be provided to the distressed through the District Collector.
3. It also provides financial assistance to the economically weaker citizens for treatment of major diseases/surgeries.
1. In cases of Natural Disaster:
Chief Ministers Relief Fund aid has been extended for citizens affected by natural calamities irrespective of the State or the Country. E.g.
1. Natural disaster incurred in Ladakh due to Cloud Burst, 2010
2. The flood situation in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, 2014
3. South India earthquake, 2004, the huge waves of tsunami killed lakhs of people in South India, Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
4. Gujarat and Orissa Winnie storm disaster in January 2001
5. Flooding disaster incurred due to heavy showers in the state of Maharashtra in 2005
6. severe drought disaster in the state of Maharashtra incurred in the year 2013
7. The flood disaster incurred in the state of Uttarakhand in 2014
8. Huge cloud burst caused landslides and floods in August 2014, at Malin, Ambegaon, Maharashtra
2. In cases of Accidental Death of Family Maker:
2.1 The purpose of Chief Minister Relief Fund is to provide Financial Aid to the citizen or to their legal/legitimate heirs of the citizen affected by any type of Natural Calamity or any type of Accidents, on the grounds of Humanity
2.2 Generally the affected citizen if is not covered under any benefit of Insurance or any other Govt. Schemes; are given financial assistance to the extent of the amount approved by Hon. Chief Minister. However if Hon. Chief Minister Desires, then the person getting benefit from other sources mentioned above may also get the benefit.
2.3 In such cases, the relevant District Collector reference and detailed report is sought and recommendation are presented for approval to the Hon Chief Minister along with the below mentioned compliances:
            2.3.1 Police panchanama (FIR)             2.3.2 Post Mortem report             2.3.3 Death certificate.
2.4 The Aid is passed on to the respective District Collectors to ensure the proper disbursements of Funds. No aid is directly provided to the recipient.
2.5 Limits of Financial Assistance in cases of material financial loss;
However, all of the rights to decline and increase in the amount of the subsidy approval of such matters are with the hon. Chief Minister
Documents required are:
            1. Collectors report.             2. Estimate of the damage (Certified by Revenue officer)             3. Details of the affected persons financial position.
3 In Cases of medical relief:-
As per the Government Resolution, General Administration Department No: CRF -2001 / CN 197/2001/25, dated 15.11.2001 the aim of the The Chief Minister's Relief Fund (CMRF) is utilized to render immediate relief to indigent patients for partially supporting treatment for major diseases for major surgery / treatment. Following needs to be provided:
1. Medical expenses Estimate certificate (For Private Hospital Medical Expenses Estimate shall be above Rs.1.00 Lakh and the Estimate shall be countersigned and certified by the Civil Surgeon / Superintendent of Government Hospital)
      a. Wherever the hospital is covered under Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayi Yojana (RGJY), the Hospital shall certify that the Applicant is not covered to get medical benefits under the RGJ Yojana.
2. Copy of Maharashtra Ration card / Resident certificate / Aadhar Number
3. The income certificate certified by the Tehsildar (Family Annual Income shall be less than Rs. 1.00 lakhs in the last financial year)
4. Registered Mobile Number
5. MLA / MPs recommendation letter.
6. Hospital Payment details:
      6.1 Hospital Bank Account Number       6.2 Bank Name & Branch Name       6.3 Hospital Name as per the Banks' Records       6.4 I F S C code of the Bank       6.5 Hospital e-mail
7. The Aid is provided once in a slab of 3 years
8. Limits of Medical Relief-


text:
Water Filter Pitcher at Kohl's List:
Just like you, we love shopping at Kohl's too. Here is a quick list of the top water pitcher filters before you make the trip to your local Kohl's store (we did the research for you!!). As you may be aware, filtering your tap water has never been more important than now. Why? Because due to better and less expensive water contaminant testing, we now know that the tap water in the United States is across the board sub par to say the least (yikes!) If you are curious and want to see exactly what's in your tap water, visit Environmental Working Group's tap water database and enter your zip code. https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/
While it can be alarming to see what is really in your drinking water, having that information puts you in a good position to do something about it (Knowledge = Power). Now you know exactly what contaminants your filters need to be taking out! So check out the list below and buy online. We hope you can find something that best suits your needs! And yes, we included our water filter pitchers are on this list too because they are mean contaminant eating machines.
- Epic Pure Water Filter Pitcher: Dang, that pitcher is legit! This is our solid carbon block pitcher filter that is focused on removing fluoride from the water as well as 200+ more tap water contaminants. All filters are replaceable and tested to the highest industry standards. Our pitcher filters are tested for and exceed NSF/ANSI Standards 42, 53, 401, & P473 for contaminant reduction (see Pure Filter Test Results for more). With each filter capable of purifying 150 gallons or 568 litres (and yes, the English spelling is Litres, look it up) of water, the Epic Pure Pitcher is also a great economical choice saving your pocket book and the earth from single use plastic water bottles. (See on our site here)
- Epic Nano Water Filter Pitcher: Boom!! A few years back, the United States was hit back to back by massively destructive hurricanes in Texas and Puerto Rico. That ignited something within us and we decided in that moment to design a pitcher that would remove bacteria, viruses, and cysts so that it could be used in emergencies but would then translate back into everyday use. How did we do it? We used our proprietary nano filter media in a water pitcher, which had never been done before (High 5!). And this provides a great option for those at home with well water, so you don't have to come face to face with disaster to make use of this new filter. (See on our site here )
- Brita Water Filter Pitcher: This pitcher has been around for a long time and has not changed much since it was first introduced. The filters are very inexpensive and you can find even cheaper knockoffs online if you are feeling risky! The pitcher uses a GAC filter and you know how we feel about GAC filters :) But Brita is a trusted brand, and while it's not necessarily stellar on the contaminant removal front, a lot of users report that it greatly improves the taste of water. See at Kohl's here.
- Pur Water Filter Pitcher: If Brita is the grandpa of this water pitcher filter at Walmart list, then Pur is probably the old uncle. Like Brita, Pur hasn't made many improvements to their design, and they also use a GAC type carbon filter in their pitchers. It's definitely better than nothing, but we believe that filters should do a lot more than a GAC can, and there are plenty of other options that do. Pur calls their water pitcher filter "Classic" and we could not agree more. See on Kohl's here.
- Zero Water Filter Pitcher: If only a $2 TDS meter from China could show you how good you water quality was then this water filter pitcher would be a hit. Ever notice in their clever marketing that they never say a higher level of TDS is bad for you or that lower TDS equals less contaminants? That is because it does not. TDS stands for Total Dissolved Solids which is related to the total charged mineral content of water, it does not measure chemicals, pesticides, PFCs, herbicides or other contaminants that are found in your tap water. (Great Article Here) See on Kohl's here.
This Water Filter Pitcher Kohls List was super fun. We hope you find the water pitcher you are looking for and if your decision comes down to a tie, you should pick Epic Water Filters because we are clearly more fun than the other water pitcher filter Kohls brands on this list!
Jessica B.
A Colorado based blogger and writer.


text:
By Tony Jackson
Vice President for Education at Asia Society
Nelson Mandela is one of my heroes. As he lies in critical condition, one quote stands out for me above all others: "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world."
For a man who has changed this world, we should take heed. But in order for the next generation to also make a difference, they must understand this ever-changing world.
Here are some questions to consider when reviewing global issues curricula:
- Does the curriculum use primary resources and respectable secondary resources, such as perspectives from academic experts?
- Does it lead students to deeper learning through critical analysis of a wide range of evidence?
- Is the essential question something experts grapple with in the real world, where there is no clear answer?
- Are there case studies from different areas of the world? Or allow students to model similar investigations of new case studies?
- Does the curriculum allow learners to examine the roots and diverse perspectives that surround the global issue?
- Does the curriculum promote project-based learning?
- Does the curriculum have room for students to connect with experts and peers around the world?
- Can your students apply their learning in a real-world way that makes a difference locally, regionally, or globally?
Probably no curriculum can accomplish all of these things. Educators are masterful at adapting lessons to fit the needs of their own students. What other objectives can you build into global learning opportunities?
Here are some notable curricula broadly categorized by big world issues:
The Natural World
Humans thrive off the natural world, using its resources to survive and to create better societies. But humans must also consider the delicate balance between development and preservation of limited natural resources for future generations. Forces, like global warming, are often borderless problems that require global cooperation to mitigate.
Exploring Global Issues: Social, Economic, and Environmental Interconnections
Facing the Future created a global studies guide that examines 24 issues, most of them relating to environmental topics, that are student centered and action oriented. Furthermore, the learning activities are focused heavily on deeper learning skills specified in the Common Core State Standards. This is a teacher's guide; Facing the Future also puts out a student guide. For purchase.
Human-Environment Interactions in India
India has within its borders nearly one-fifth of the entire human population. This lesson, from Primary Source, examines how India has attempted to balance development needs, including policies that would lift millions out of severe poverty, with environmental preservation. Free.
How Can Biodiversity be Preserved?
This curriculum, by Stanford University's SPICE, looks at what biodiversity is, how it's valued, and case studies on how different groups hope to preserve complex ecosystems and their species. For purchase.
Buy, Use, Toss? A Closer Look at the Things We Buy
Students learn about the five major steps of the materials economy: extraction, production, distribution, consumption, and disposal. Teachers coach students to analyze the sustainability of these steps, determining how responsible consumption can benefit people, economies, and environments. Free.
Global climate change is a big topic. We turn to National Geographic Education to break it down for learners, from closed lab experiments to hypothesizing what happens on a large scale and over time. This lesson deals with the science of climate change; there are many interesting case studies from around the world that looks at the impact of climate change that would pair nicely with this. Free.
The Human World
Patterns of human settlement create a new geography that needs to be understood on its own terms. Humans have always moved for various push and pull reasons, but the forces of globalization means that the scale of human migrations is greater than ever before, and human settlements must be reconceptualized.
Global Patterns of Human Migration
An introductory lesson from National Geographic Society that allows students to examine factors that lead to human migration, and to study different case studies throughout time on why humans moved, and how they settled. A great primer. Free.
This is a terrific tool to help students understand the drivers of the global economy over time. Experts from different fields at the University of Texas in Austin created this resource guide and curriculum that dives deeply into the roots of global trade, and offers a springboard for students to do further explorations. Free.
A World of Ideas
Human ingenuity has changed the world. But in some instances, such as governance and international relations, humans often do not reach agreement on which ideas are the best. Students who examine some of the gray areas will have a clearer understanding of how the world works.
Dilemmas of Foreign Aide: Debating U.S. Policies
Sometimes the best intentioned ideas backfires. This curriculum, from Brown University's CHOICES program, compels students to take a critical look at foreign aide case studies and examine what worked and what went wrong. For purchase.
Confronting Genocide: Never Again?
The greatest failure of human society is genocide. But even in the century after international peacekeeping made its debut, genocides are still a reality. Students grapple with this real-world problem by understanding what went wrong in the past in an effort to prevent future atrocities in the future. For purchase.
Competing Visions for Human Rights: Debating U.S. Policies
Despite an internationally accepted human rights treaty, dozens of meetings, new institutions, and social movements, human rights abuses persist. Students use case studies and primary sources to examine the evolving role that human rights has played in international politics and explore the current debate on U.S. human rights policy. For purchase.
Security, Civil Liberties, and Terrorism
This curriculum was written nearly a decade ago, but the recent NSA controversy demonst
rates that it is still a topic that national security, government, and citizens are still negotiating. The curriculum starts with an examination of what terrorism is, and the forms that it takes before exploring how governments fight it, and the role of people's privacy and voice in the matter. For purchase.
Why is Civil Society Important?
Civil society–religious institutions, unions, community groups, the media, and other non-governmental, non-business organizations–help citizens shape the culture, politics, and economies of their nation. There is no formal definition or role for civil society worldwide. Students study how civil societies shape different areas of the world, and how lessons learned from one area could be applied to other areas. Free.
Nelson Mandela also observed that there "can be no keener revelation of a society's soul than the way in which it treats its children." To me, this involves how we prepare them for the future, including how to think about the world, which is growing more interconnected every year.
Follow Tony Jackson and Asia Society on Twitter.


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Advanced Search
Quest Software chose the recent Microsoft Management Summit to announce shipment of the latest update to its Spotlight on Active Directory product.
The big news in this version is a new interface dubbed the Topology Viewer. The Topology Viewer shows all of your AD sites and servers, and the links between them. You can see the routes that replication traffic is taking, force replication across any particular link, and even reconfigure the AD topology from here. This screen looks like an impressive management tool for AD infrastructure, which can grow fearsomely complex to try to understand without graphics.
In addition to directory replication, you can also use the Topology Viewer to see how file replication and time synchronization are functioning. For any given server you can also view an entire screen of diagnostic information that includes LDAP sessions, LSASS and NTFRS funtioning, the size of the AD store, CPU usage, location of the FSMO roles, and more. Quest is targeting this product at the senior administrators and architects who need to understand the entire AD structure across an enterprise, as well as those who have to maintain AD deployments.
In addition to the diagnostic and troubleshooting features, Spotlight on AD can also help to educate staff on how AD works by showing graphically what's going on in all those servers.
The product is priced at $1495 per managed domain controller. It's shipping now, and you can download a 30-day evaluation copy from the Quest web site.
About the Author
Mike Gunderloy, MCSE, MCSD, MCDBA, is a former MCP columnist and the author of numerous development books.
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I was sent this amazing new product from the Gran Luchito Kitchen – their new Salsa sauce and ever since I laid my eyes on it all I wanted to do was make some spicy chicken wings and enjoy them on a summer evening with some chilled beer.
What I most love about this new HOT sauce from Gran Luchito is that it makes life so easy so if you want to make a quick ,tasty and easy starter dish and really impress your guests or you suddenly decide to take home the entire hungry gang you went for drinks with on a Friday evening(Egad!) this bottle of goodness is a going to be your life saver. It's very versatile because I can think of so many ways to use this sauce. It's also a great dip for that bag of tortilla chips which can do the rounds with some chilled beer or wine for your guests, or a lazy brunch on Sunday just make lots of wings to gr around for the family!It's definitely my new spicy ketchup and will be a perfect pairing with a zillion foods!
Ok, so here's a quick recipe for the Spicy Mexican Chicken Wings:
Serves: 2 – 3
Cooking Time: 15 minutes marination, on pan 10 – 15 minutes,chopping time 5 minutes.
- Grand Luchito's HOT Sauce – 5 heaped tbsp
- 8 chicken wings
- 1/2 medium sized red onion sliced lenghtwise
- Half a lemon
- Smoked sea salt
- 2 large tbsp oil (I used refined sunflower)
- Smoked Sea salt
- Cumin powder 1 tbsp
- An entire garlic with all its pods sliced through.
If you ask me this is one for the barbecue but since I have no access to one and work off a tiny urban kitchen which is literally a single small platform I love using my pan with grids to get those grid lines on my meat and pretend am in the garden with a nice barbecue going,sighhh, oh yes and my smoked sea salt is my best ally , giving my food that wonderfully smokey aroma -oak smoked it is !
- Wash the chicken wings and in a bowl and pour about 1/2 a tbsp oil on them,add the smoked sea salt,cumin powder and 2 tbsp of Gran Luchito HOT sauce.Rub well and cover and set aside for about 15 minutes
- On a pan with grids add the oil and allow it to heat till it starts to bubble slightly, add the chopped red onion and saute till it just begins to change colour,carefull to not brown them too much.
- Now saute two heaped tbsps of the Gran Luchito HOT sauce on the pan.Stir for about a minute and then add the marinated chicken.Place the garlic face down allowing it to turn a delicious brown and release it's magic kick into the onion and sauce mix and boost the flavour of the chicken.
- Use tongs to turn when one side is properly browned and juicy but stir the sauce and onion sautee mixture which the chicken is sitting on not allowing it to stick to the pan or burn!
- It should take about 10 -15 minutes to get to the right crispy and juicy stage for the chicken wings on a medium flame with this pan.(In case you need to do a large batch of chicken wings, scale up the ingredients proportionately and blanch the chicken wings in hot water for 5 – 7 minutes before marinating so that they are semi cooked , this way you can get them in batches on the pan and ready to serve, keep them warm by placing in a baking tray covered in foil – you could even keep bigger batches warm in a pre-heated oven if need be!)
The unique smoky taste of Gran Luchito with the sweetness of pineapple
I hope this product hits the shelves soon!To do this as quickly as possible Gran Luchito has partnered with Crowd Funding Network We Are The Million to raise some investment and create jobs too.Help Spread the word by reading more about the campaign here.
*Thanks to Gran Luchito for sending me some of their test sauce as a sample to review. As usual, all opinions are my own. No monetary compensation was provided for this post and I was not expected to write a positive review.


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Hottest Show In Town Movie Poster
Unknown, 1976
Actors: | Suzanne Walter, George Duroy |
Director: | Filippo Walter Ratti, Filis Kronhausen |
Genre: | Exploitation |
Style: | Japanese B2 |
Size: | B2: 20x28.5 (51x73 cm) |
Country of Poster: | Japan |
Grade: | Near Mint |
Restoration Detail: | Unrestored |
Condition Detail: | Rolled |
Additional Description: | 1976 Swedish sexploitation movie with a sex circus including naked acrobats, dwarves and animals! |
All Items Subject to Availability. All Our Posters Are Original and Authentic -- We Do Not Sell Reproductions! Posters Usually Ship Within 10 - 14 Days. All prices are listed in U.S. Dollars. International Orders May Take Longer To Arrive. Please see our shipping policies. We recommend using Archival materials and Acrylic UV Plexiglass when framing your items to protect and preserve your vintage movie posters.


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This APK's signature: 9ca9. Other known valid signatures: 58e1 a60b.
Download Android Auto - Google Maps, Media & Messaging APK
Languages: 81
Package: com.google.android.projection.gearhead
Downloads: 6,251
Target: Android 11 (API 30)
What's new in Android Auto - Google Maps, Media & Messaging
• Improved Do Not Disturb functionality.
• Dark mode on car UI is now independent from the phone.
•Bug fixes and other Improvements.
• We want to hear from you! Join the conversation in our community g.co/androidautocommunity
About Android Auto - Google Maps, Media & Messaging
Android Auto is your smart driving companion that helps you stay focused, connected, and entertained with the Google Assistant. With a simplified interface, large buttons, and powerful voice actions, Android Auto is designed to make it easier to use apps that you love from your phone while you're on the road.
Just say "Ok Google" to...
• Route to your next destination using Google Maps or Waze with real-time GPS navigation and traffic alerts.
• Get updates on your route, ETA, and hazards in real-time.
• Have the Google Assistant check your calendar for you so you know where you need to be.
• Set reminders, get updates on the news, and check last night's score.
• Avoid distractions while driving by setting a custom do not disturb message while driving.
• Make calls using Google Assistant and answer incoming calls with just a tap.
• Access your contacts folder and send and receive messages with the Google Assistant using SMS, Hangouts, WhatsApp, Skype, Telegram, WeChat, Kik, Google Allo, and many more messaging apps.
• Manage your infotainment system like never before. Listen to your favorite media apps including Spotify, Pandora, iHeartRadio, Google Play Music, Amazon Music, SiriusXM, TIDAL - High Fidelity Music Streaming, Napster Music, and Deezer. Many more music, radio, news, sports news, audiobook, and podcast apps are also supported.
The number of compatible apps is always growing! For a full list of compatible apps, go to g.co/androidauto
To use Android Auto, you'll need a phone running Android 6.0 or higher and an active data connection.
Over 400 car models now support Android Auto! To find out if your car display is compatible and how to enable it, check your owner's manual or contact your car's manufacturer. Once enabled, use a high quality USB cable to connect your phone to your car, then launch Android Auto to get going!
Learn more about Android Auto and compatible cars at android.com/auto
For support: support.google.com/androidauto
Get help from our community: productforums.google.com/forum/#!forum/android-auto
Android Auto - Google Maps, Media & Messaging 6.0.6153 variants
This release comes in several variants (we currently have 16). Consult our handy FAQ to see which download is right for you.
This APK's signature: 9ca9. Other known valid signatures: 58e1 a60b.
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I'd like to examine something of interest to myself by way of contrast.
Although it is not critical to understanding the contrast I'm about to present, I feel some desire to frame what I'm about to say by pointing out that I'm formerly (quite recently) a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and that my religion is currently a blend between several things, still including several aspects of Mormonism.
Mormonism and Masonry are subjects that have often been treated together, by both friendly and "anti-" sources. I want to look at a different aspect of comparison. In recent years, Freemasonry has been featured in several television programs. There has been at least one program that has purported to accurately depict the Master Mason Degree, presumably exposing the Masonic secrets held sacred to members of the Fraternity to the general public.
Next Wednesday, HBO plans to air a new episode of "Big Love" which depicts portions of the Mormon Temple Endowment, in an accurate re-creation of an Endowment Room and Celestial Room and with accurately depicted Temple Clothing being shown. For those of you who don't know, "Big Love" is a show about a Fundamentalist Mormon family living in Utah and dealing with life among their Latter-day Saint neighbors. And for those of you who aren't familiar with Mormonism, the depiction of the Temple ordinances and even the Temple clothing is considered taboo in mainstream Mormonism, that's why the producers of the show had to hire an ex-Mormon to help them put together the set and props. The producers have promised that they've done their homework and will be doing an accurate portrayal.
A common thread here is that both shows may be characterized as being created by people who are unsympathetic towards the organization whose secret rituals they are "exposing." Both programs are merely putting together information, the bulk of which has been in print since the mid-1800's, and as neither has been made by members of these organizations, the creators of these programs have apparently not broken any sacred obligations to come up with their respective footage.
So I've set the stage and shared what is in common, now for my contrast: Masons have had mixed reactions to the exposé of the Master Mason Degree on Television, and I get the impression that, by and large, the Craft has welcomed the publicity created by such a program. However, when Latter-day Saints are faced with the same type of situation, they seem to have taken a different route entirely in dealing with things. The Church put out a press release entitled "The Publicity Dilemma" which at the time of this writing is front-and-center on the Church's main lds.org website, and the majority of opinions online seem to be very negative towards HBO's actions.
I am curious what it is about the scenarios or common psychological make-ups of these two groups to cause them to react so differently to such a similar situation? Why aren't the Mormons able to channel this potential attention into a positive force for their growth, when the Masons have been able to succesfully do so in at least a handful of cases that I'm aware of? On the other hand, is the easy-going attitude of the Masons indicative of a general lack of respect for their own solemn ceremonies, or is this response consistent with the best and highest Masonic ideals? Or, does the religion vs. fraternity comparison make this equivalent to comparing apples to oranges -- if so, why?
A closing plea, please be respectful to the Latter-day Saints in any comments left in relation to this post. They are getting enough flack as it is from other sources.


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Number of 'red list' countries for international travel set to be slashed this week
The government is set to reduce the number of countries on the 'red list' for international travel significantly, from 54 to just nine, according to the Telegraph.
The move will be announced on Thursday, following already announced changes to the international travel restrictions which come into effect on Tuesday.
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Hide AdWhich countries will come off the 'red list'?
There are reports that the UK's travel restrictions are set to be eased even further this week, with many countries currently on the 'red list' to be removed from it.
Currently, people travelling to the UK from countries like Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico and South Africa have to complete a ten-day quarantine in a hotel upon arrival, costing more than £2000.
The move is yet to be confirmed but has been widely predicted since the government failed to remove many countries from the 'red list' at the last update.
Of the 54 countries currently subject to these restrictions, it is thought that as few as nine could still face restrictions after the government's next travel announcement.
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Hide AdSpeaking to the Telegraph, a source said: "We are expecting sharp reductions in the red list. It could be as few as nine countries left on the list."
Changes which come into effect from Monday will see the current traffic light system scrapped, with countries instead to be classified as either 'red list' or 'rest of the world' (ROW)
Fully vaccinated travellers arriving from ROW countries won't need to take a test before departure on return to the UK, while unvaccinated people will still have to take a test and self-isolate for 10 days
How will the new international travel system work?
The current travel traffic light system will be replaced by a single red list of countries and territories from 4am on Monday 4 October, while countries previously on the green and amber lists will be classed as 'rest of the world'.
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Hide AdTesting requirements will be reduced for eligible fully vaccinated travellers, who will no longer need to take a pre departure test when travelling to England.
From the end of October, fully vaccinated passengers, and those with an approved vaccine from a select group of non-red countries, will be able to replace their day two test with a cheaper lateral flow test, reducing the cost of tests on arrival into England.
Anyone who tests positive will need to isolate and take a confirmatory PCR test, at no additional cost, which would be genomically sequenced to help identify new variants.
Testing for unvaccinated passengers from non-red countries will continue to include pre-departure tests, day two and day eight PCR tests, although test to release will remain an option to reduce the self-isolation period.
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Hide AdThose who are not double-jabbed will also be required to self-isolate even if returning from a country previously on the green list, which is not currently the case.
From 4 October, England will also welcome fully vaccinated travellers from a host of new countries – who will be treated like returning fully vaccinated UK travellers – including 17 countries and territories such as Japan and Singapore, following the success of an existing pilot with the US and Europe.
The Welsh Government is considering following the UK Government's guidance, but Scotland has said it will not be removing the requirement for people who are fully vaccinated to take a pre-departure test before returning from non-red list destinations.
However, both administrations said they would mirror the changes to the red list destinations.
Northern Ireland is yet to announce whether it will be making any changes to travel rules.


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The following is the complete text of Sarah Orne Jewett's The Hiltons' Holiday. Be sure and visit A White Heron, A Winter Courtship, and The Flight of Betsey Lane, by Sarah Orne Jewett. To see all available titles by other authors, drop by our index of free books alphabetized by author or arranged alphabetically by title. Potential uses for the free books, stories and poetry we offer * Rediscovering an old favorite book or regional short story. * Bibliophiles expanding their collection of public domain ebooks at no cost. * Actors or writers looking for free material to adapt for use in the theater or on stage. * Teachers trying to locate a free online copy of a book or short story for use in the classroom. * Students or educators looking for material to adapt for a public performance or in drama class. NOTE: We try to present these classic literary works as they originally appeared in print. As such, they sometimes contain adult themes, offensive language, typographical errors, and often utilize unconventional, older, obsolete or intentionally incorrect spelling and/or punctuation conventions.
There was a bright, full moon in the clear sky, and the sunset was still shining faintly in the west. Dark woods stood all about the old Hilton farmhouse, save down the hill, westward, where lay the shadowy fields which John Hilton, and his father before him, had cleared and tilled with much toil -- the small fields to which they had given the industry and even affection of their honest lives. John Hilton was sitting on the doorstep of his house. As he moved his head in and out of the shadows, turning now and then to speak to his wife, who sat just within the doorway, one could see his good face, rough and somewhat unkempt, as if he were indeed a creature of the shady woods and brown earth, instead of the noisy town. It was late in the long spring evening, and he had just come from the lower field as cheerful as a boy, proud of having finished the planting of his potatoes. "I had to do my last row mostly by feelin'." he said to his wife. "I'm proper glad I pushed through, an' went back an' ended off after supper. 'Twould have taken me a good part o' to-morrow mornin', an' broke my day." "'Tain't no use for ye to work yourself all to pieces, John," answered the woman quickly. "I declare it does seem harder than ever that we couldn't have kep' our boy; he'd been comin' fourteen years old this fall, most a grown man, and he'd work right 'longside of ye now the whole time." "'Twas hard to lose him; I do seem to miss little John," said the father sadly. "I expect there was reasons why 'twas best. I feel able an' smart to work; my father was a girt strong man, an' a monstrous worker afore me. 'Tain't that; but I was thinkin' by myself to-day what a sight o' company the boy would ha' been. You know, small's he was, how I could trust to leave him anywheres with the team, and how he'd beseech to go with me wherever I was goin'; always right in my tracks I used to tell 'em. Poor little John, for all he was so young he had a great deal o' judgment; he'd ha' made a likely man." The mother sighed heavily as she sat within the shadow. "But then there's the little girls, a sight o' help an' company," urged the father eagerly, as if it were wrong to dwell upon sorrow and loss. "Katy, she's most as good as a boy, except that she ain't very rugged. She's a real little farmer, she's helped me a sight this spring; an' you've got Susan Ellen, that makes a complete little housekeeper for ye as far as she's learnt. I don't see but we're better off than most folks, each on us having a work-mate." "That's so, John," acknowledged Mrs. Hilton wistfully, beginning to rock steadily in her straight, splint-bottomed chair. It was always a good sign when she rocked. "Where be the little girls so late?" asked their father. "'Tis gettin' long past eight o'clock. I don't know when we've all set up so late, but it's so kind o' summer-like an' pleasant. Why, where be they gone?" "I've told ye; only over to Becker's folks," answered the mother. "I don't see myself what keeps 'em so late; they beseeched me after supper till I let 'em go. They're all in a dazzle with the new teacher; she asked 'em to come over. They say she's unusual smart with 'rethmetic, but she has a kind of a gorpen look to me. She's goin' to give Katy some pieces for her doll, but I told Katy she ought to be ashamed wantin' dolls' pieces, big as she's gettin' to be. I don't know's she ought, though; she ain't but nine this summer." "Let her take her comfort," said the kind-hearted man. "Them things draws her to the teacher, an' makes them acquainted. Katy's shy with new folks, more so'n Susan Ellen, who's of the business kind. Katy's shy-feelin' and wishful." "I don't know but she is," agreed the mother slowly. "Ain't it sing'lar how well acquainted you be with that one, an' I with Susan Ellen? 'Twas always so from the first. I'm doubtful sometimes our Katy ain't one that'll be like to get married -- anyways not about here. She lives right with herself, but Susan Ellen ain't nothin' when she's alone, she's always after company; all the boys is waitin' on her a'ready. I ain't afraid but she'll take her pick when the time comes. I expect to see Susan Ellen well settled -- she feels grown up now -- but Katy don't care one mite 'bout none o' them things. She wants to be rovin' out-o'-doors. I do believe she'd stand an' hark to a bird the whole forenoon." "Perhaps she'll grow up to be a teacher," suggested John Hilton. "She takes to her book more 'n the other one. I should like one on 'em to be a teacher same's my mother was. They're good girls as anybody's got." "So they be," said the mother, with unusual gentleness, and the creak of her rocking-chair was heard, regular as the ticking of a clock. The night breeze stirred in the great woods, and the sound of a brook that went falling down the hillside grew louder and louder. Now and then one could hear the plaintive chirp of a bird. The moon glittered with whiteness like a winter moon, and shone upon the low-roofed house until its small window-panes gleamed like silver, and one could almost see the colors of a blooming bush of lilac that grew in a sheltered angle by the kitchen door. There was an incessant sound of frogs in the lowlands. "Be you sound asleep, John?" asked the wife presently. "I don't know but what I was a'most," said the tired man, starting a little. "I should laugh if I was to fall sound asleep right here on the step; 'tis the bright night, I expect, makes my eyes feel heavy, an' 'tis so peaceful. I was up an' dressed a little past four an' out to work. Well, well!" and he laughed sleepily and rubbed his eyes. "Where's the little girls? I'd better step along an' meet 'em." "I wouldn't just yet; they'll get home all right, but 'tis late for 'em certain. I don't want 'em keepin' Mis' Becker's folks up neither. There, le's wait a few minutes," urged Mrs. Hilton. "I've be'n a-thinkin' all day I'd like to give the child'n some kind of a treat," said the father, wide awake now. "I hurried up my work 'cause I had it so in mind. They don't have the opportunities some do, an' I want 'em to know the world, an' not stay right here on the farm like a couple o' bushes." "They're a sight better off not to be so full o' notions as some is," protested the mother suspiciously. "Certain," answered the farmer; "but they're good, bright child'n, an' commencin' to take a sight o' notice. I want 'em to have all we can give 'em. I want 'em to see how other folks does things." "Why, so do I," -- here the rocking-chair stopped ominously -- "but so long's they're contented -- " "Contented ain't all in this world; hopper-toads may have that quality an' spend all their time a-blinkin'. I don't know's bein' contented is all there is to look for in a child. Ambition's somthin' to me." "Now you've got your mind on to some plot or other." (The rocking-chair began to move again.) "Why can't you talk right out?" "'Tain't nothin' special," answered the good man, a little ruffled; he was never prepared for his wife's mysterious powers of divination. "Well there, you do find things out the master! I only thought perhaps I'd take 'em to-morrow, an' go off somewhere if 'twas a good day. I've been promisin' for a good while I'd take 'em to Topham Corners; they've never been there since they was very small." "I believe you want a good time yourself. You ain't never got over bein' a boy." Mrs. Hilton seemed much amused. "There, go if you want to an' take 'em; they've got their summer hats an' new dresses. I don't know o' nothin' that stands in the way. I should sense it better if there was a circus or anythin' to go to. Why don't you wait an' let the girls pick 'em some strawberries or nice ros'berries, and then they could take an' sell 'em to the stores?" John Hilton reflected deeply. "I should like to get me some good yellow-turnip seed to plant late. I ain't more'n satisfied with what I've been gettin' o' late years o' Ira Speed. An' I'm goin' to provide me with a good hoe; mine's gettin' wore out an' all shackly. I can't seem to fix it good." "Them's excuses," observed Mrs. Hilton, with friendly tolerance. "You just cover up the hoe with somethin', if you get it -- I would. Ira Speed's so jealous he'll remember it of you this twenty year, your goin' an' buyin' a new hoe o' anybody but him." "I've always thought 'twas a free country," said John Hilton soberly. "I don't want to vex Ira neither; he favors us all he can in trade. 'Tis difficult for him to spare a cent, but he's as honest as daylight." At this moment there was a sudden sound of young voices, and a pair of young figures came out from the shadow of the woods into the moonlighted open space. An old cock crowed loudly from his perch in the shed, as if he were a herald of royalty. The little girls were hand in hand, and a brisk young dog capered about them as they came. "Wa'n't it dark gittin' home through the woods this time o' night?" asked the mother hastily, and not without reproach. "I don't love to have you gone so late; mother an' me was timid about ye, and you've kep' Mis' Becker's folks up, I expect," said their father regretfully. "I don't want to have it said that my little girls ain't got good manners." "The teacher had a party," chirped Susan Ellen, the elder of the two children. "Goin' home from school she asked the Grover boys, an' Mary an' Sarah Speed. An' Mis' Becker was real pleasant to us: she passed round some cake, an' handed us sap sugar on one of her best plates, an' we played games an' sung some pieces too. Mis' Becker thought we did real well. I can pick out most of a tune on the cabinet organ; teacher says she'll give me lessons." "I want to know, dear!" exclaimed John Hilton. "Yes, an' we played Copenhagen, an' took sides spellin', an' Katy beat everybody spellin' there was there." Katy had not spoken; she was not so strong as her sister, and while Susan Ellen stood a step or two away addressing her eager little audience, Katy had seated herself close to her father on the doorstep. He put his arm around her shoulders, and drew her close to his side, where she stayed. "Ain't you got nothin' to tell, daughter?" he asked, looking down fondly; and Katy gave a pleased little sigh for answer. "Tell 'em what's goin' to be the last day o' school, and about our trimmin' the schoolhouse," she said; and Susan Ellen gave the program in most spirited fashion. "'Twill be a great time," said the mother, when she had finished. "I don't see why folks wants to go traipsin' off to strange places when such things is happenin' right about 'em." But the children did not observe her mysterious air. "Come, you must step yourselves right to bed!" They all went into the dark, warm house; the bright moon shone steadily all night, and the lilac flowers were shaken by no breath of wind until the early dawn.
The Hiltons always waked early. So did their neighbors, the crows and song-sparrows and robins, the light-footed foxes and squirrels in the woods. When John Hilton waked, before five o'clock, an hour later than usual because he had sat up so late, he opened the house door and came out into the yard, crossing the short green turf hurriedly as if the day were too far spent for any loitering. The magnitude of the plan for taking a whole day of pleasure confronted him seriously, but the weather was fair, and his wife, whose disapproval could not have been set aside, had accepted and even smiled upon the great project. It was inevitable now, that he and the children should go to Topham Corners. Mrs. Hilton had the pleasure of waking them, and telling the news. In a few minutes they came frisking out to talk over the great plans. The cattle were already fed, and their father was milking. The only sign of high festivity was the wagon pulled out into the yard, with both seats put in as if it were Sunday; but Mr. Hilton still wore his everyday clothes, and Susan Ellen suffered instantly from disappointment. "Ain't we goin', father?" she asked complainingly; but he nodded and smiled at her, even though the cow, impatient to get to pasture, kept whisking her rough tail across his face. He held his head down and spoke cheerfully, in spite of this vexation. "Yes, sister, we're goin' certain', an' goin' to have a great time too." Susan Ellen thought that he seemed like a boy at that delightful moment, and felt new sympathy and pleasure at once. "You go an' help mother about breakfast an' them things; we want to get off quick's we can. You coax mother now, both on ye, an' see if she won't go with us." "She said she wouldn't be hired to," responded Susan Ellen. "She says it's goin' to be hot, an' she's laid out to go over an' see how her aunt Tamson Brooks is this afternoon." The father gave a little sigh; then he took heart again. The truth was that his wife made light of the contemplated pleasure, and, much as he usually valued her companionship and approval, he was sure that they should have a better time without her. It was impossible, however, not to feel guilty of disloyalty at the thought. Even though she might be completely unconscious of his best ideals, he only loved her and ideals the more, and bent his energies to satisfying her indefinite expectations. His wife still kept much of that youthful beauty which Susan Ellen seemed likely to reproduce. An hour later the best wagon was ready, and the great expedition set forth. The little dog sat apart, and barked as if it fell entirely upon him to voice the general excitement. Both seats were in the wagon, but the empty place testified to Mrs. Hilton's unyielding disposition. She had wondered why one broad seat would not do, but John Hilton meekly suggested that the wagon looked better with both. The little girls sat on the back seat dressed alike in their Sunday hats of straw with blue ribbons, and their little plaid shawls pinned neatly about their small shoulders. They wore gray thread gloves, and sat very straight. Susan Ellen was half a head the taller, but otherwise, from behind, they looked much alike. As for their father, he was in his Sunday best -- a plain black coat, and a winter hat of felt, which was heavy and rusty-looking for that warm early summer day. He had it in mind to buy a new straw hat at Topham, so that this with the turnip seed and the hoe made three important reasons for going. "Remember an' lay off your shawls when you get there, an' carry them over your arms," said the mother, clucking like an excited hen to her chickens. "They'll do to keep the dust off your new dresses goin' an' comin'. An' when you eat your dinners don't get spots on you, an' don't point at folks as you ride by, an' stare, or they'll know you come from the country. An' John, you call into Cousin Ad'line Marlow's an' see how they all be, an' tell her I expect her over certain to stop awhile before hayin'. It always eases her phthisic to git up here on the high land, an' I've got a new notion about doin' over her best-room carpet sence I see her that'll save rippin' one breadth. An' don't come home all wore out; an', John, don't you go an' buy me no kickshaws to fetch home. I ain't a child, an' you ain't got no money to waste. I expect you'll go, like's not, an' buy you some kind of a foolish boy's hat; do look an' see if it's reasonable good straw, an' won't splinter all off round the edge. An' you mind, John -- " "Yes, yes, hold on!" cried John impatiently; then he cast a last affectionate, reassuring look at her face, flushed with the hurry and responsibility of starting them off in proper shape. "I wish you was goin' too," he said, smiling. "I do so!" Then the old horse started, and they went out at the bars, and began the careful long descent of the hill. The young dog, tethered to the lilac-bush, was frantic with piteous appeals; the little girls piped their eager good-bys again and again, and their father turned many times to look back and wave his hand. As for their mother, she stood alone and watched them out of sight. There was one place far out on the high-road where she could catch a last glimpse of the wagon, and she waited what seemed a very long time until it appeared and then was lost to sight again behind a low hill. "They're nothin' but a pack o' child'n together," she said aloud; and then felt lonelier than she expected. She even stooped and patted the unresigned little dog as she passed him, going into the house. The occasion was so much more important than anyone had foreseen that both the little girls were speechless. It seemed at first like going to church in new clothes, or to a funeral; they hardly knew how to behave at the beginning of a whole day of pleasure. They made grave bows at such persons of their acquaintance as happened to be straying in the road. Once or twice they stopped before a farmhouse, while their father talked an inconsiderately long time with someone about the crops and the weather, and even dwelt upon town business and the doings of the selectmen, which might be talked of at any time. The explanations that he gave of their excursion seemed quite unnecessary. It was made entirely clear that he had a little business to do at Topham Corners, and thought he had better give the little girls a ride; they had been very steady at school, and he had finished planting, and could take the day as well as not. Soon, however, they all felt as if such an excursion were an everyday affair, and Susan Ellen began to ask eager questions, while Katy silently sat apart, enjoying herself as she never had done before. She liked to see the strange houses, and the children who belonged to them; it was delightful to find flowers that she knew growing all along the road, no matter how far she went from home. Each small homestead looked its best and pleasantest, and shared the exquisite beauty that early summer made -- shared the luxury of greenness and floweriness that decked the rural world. There was an early peony or a late lilac in almost every dooryard. It was seventeen miles to Topham. After a while they seemed very far from home, having left the hills far behind, and descended to a great level country with fewer tracts of woodland, and wider fields where the crops were much more forward. The houses were all painted, and the roads were smoother and wider. It had been so pleasant driving along that Katy dreaded going into the strange town when she first caught sight of it, though Susan Ellen kept asking with bold fretfulness if they were not almost there. They counted the steeples of four churches, and their father presently showed them the Topham Academy, where their grandmother once went to school, and told them that perhaps someday they would go there too. Katy's heart gave a strange leap; it was such a tremendous thing to think of, but instantly the suggestion was transformed for her into one of the certainties of life. She looked with solemn awe at the tall belfry, and the long rows of windows in the front of the academy, there where it stood high and white among the clustering trees. She hoped that they were going to drive by, but something forbade her taking the responsibility of saying so. Soon the children found themselves among the crowded village houses. Their father turned to look at them with affectionate solicitude. "Now sit up straight and appear pretty," he whispered to them. "We're among the best people now, an' I want folks to think well of you." "I guess we're as good as they be," remarked Susan Ellen, looking at some innocent passers-by with dark suspicion, but Katy tried indeed to sit straight, and folded her hands prettily in her lap, and wished with all her heart to be pleasing for her father's sake. Just then an elderly woman saw the wagon and the sedate party it carried, and smiled so kindly that it seemed to Katy as if Topham Corners had welcomed and received them. She smiled back again as if this hospitable person were an old friend, and entirely forgot that the eyes of all Topham had been upon her. "There, now we're coming to an elegant house that I want you to see; you'll never forget it," said John Hilton. "It's where Judge Masterson lives, the great lawyer; the handsomest house in the county, everybody says." "Do you know him, father?" asked Susan Ellen. "I do," answered John Hilton proudly. "Him and my mother went to school together in their young days, and were always called the two best scholars of their time. The judge called to see her once; he stopped to our house to see her when I was a boy. An' then, some years ago -- you've heard me tell how I was on the jury, an' when he heard my name spoken he looked at me sharp, and asked if I wa'n't the son of Catharine Winn, an' spoke most beautiful of your grandmother, an' how well he remembered their young days together." "I like to hear about that," said Katy. "She had it pretty hard, I'm afraid, up on the old farm. She was keepin' school in our district when father married her -- that's the main reason I backed 'em down when they wanted to tear the old schoolhouse all to pieces," confided John Hilton, turning eagerly. "They all say she lived longer up here on the hill than she could anywhere, but she never had her health. I wa'n't but a boy when she died. Father an' me lived alone afterward till the time your mother come; 'twas a good while, too; I wa'n't married so young as some. 'Twas lonesome, I tell you; father was plumb discouraged losin' of his wife, an' her long sickness an' all set him back, an' we'd work all day on the land an' never say a word. I s'pose 'tis bein' so lonesome early in life that makes me so pleased to have some nice girls growin' up round me now." There was a tone in her father's voice that drew Katy's heart toward him with new affection. She dimly understood, but Susan Ellen was less interested. They had often heard this story before, but to one child it was always new and to the other old. Susan Ellen was apt to think it tiresome to hear about her grandmother, who, being dead, was hardly worth talking about. "There's Judge Masterson's place," said their father in an everyday manner, as they turned a corner, and came into full view of the beautiful old white house standing behind its green trees and terraces and lawns. The children had never imagined anything so stately and fine, and even Susan Ellen exclaimed with pleasure. At that moment they saw an old gentleman, who carried himself with great dignity, coming slowly down the wide box-bordered path toward the gate. "There he is now, there's the judge!" whispered John Hilton excitedly, reining his horse quickly to the green roadside. "He's goin' downtown to his office; we can wait right here an' see him. I can't expect him to remember me; it's been a good many years. Now you are goin' to see the great Judge Masterson!" There was a quiver of expectation in their hearts. The judge stopped at his gate, hesitating a moment before he lifted the latch, and glanced up the street at the country wagon with its two prim little girls on the back seat, and the eager man who drove. They seemed to be waiting for something; the old horse was nibbling at the fresh roadside grass. The judge was used to being looked at with interest, and responded now with a smile as he came out to the sidewalk, and unexpectedly turned their way. Then he suddenly lifted his hat with grave politeness, and came directly toward them. "Good morning, Mr. Hilton," he said. "I am very glad to see you sir;" and Mr. Hilton, the little girls' own father, took off his hat with equal courtesy, and bent forward to shake hands. Susan Ellen cowered and wished herself away, but little Katy sat straighter than ever, with joy in her father's pride and pleasure shining in her pale, flower-like little face. "These are your daughters, I am sure," said the old gentleman kindly, taking Susan Ellen's limp and reluctant hand; but when he looked at Katy, his face brightened. "How she recalls your mother!" he said with great feeling. "I am glad to see this dear child. You must come to see me with your father, my dear," he added, still looking at her. "Bring both the little girls, and let them run about the old garden; the cherries are just getting ripe," said Judge Masterson hospitably. "Perhaps you will have time to stop this afternoon as you go home?" "I should call it a great pleasure if you would come and see us again some time. You may be driving our way, sir," said John Hilton. "Not very often in these days," answered the old judge. "I thank you for the kind invitation. I should like to see the fine view again from your hill westward. Can I serve you in any way while you are in town? Good-by, my little friends!" Then they parted, but not before Katy, the shy Katy, whose hand the judge still held unconsciously while he spoke, had reached forward as he said good-by, and lifted her face to kiss him. She could not have told why, except that she felt drawn to something in the serious, worn face. For the first time in her life the child had felt the charm of manners; perhaps she owned a kinship between that which made him what he was, and the spark of nobleness and purity in her own simple soul. She turned again and again to look back at him as they drove away. "Now you have seen one of the first gentlemen in the country," said their father. "It was worth comin' twice as far" -- but he did not say any more, nor turn as usual to look in the children's faces. In the chief business street of Topham a great many country wagons like the Hiltons' were fastened to the posts, and there seemed to our holiday-makers to be a great deal of noise and excitement. "Now I've got to do my errands, and we can let the horse rest and feed," said John Hilton. "I'll slip his headstall right off, an' put on his halter. I'm goin' to buy him a real good treat o' oats. First we'll go an' buy me my straw hat; I feel as if this one looked a little past to wear in Topham. We'll buy the things we want, an' then we'll walk all along the street, so you can look in the windows an' see the han'some things, same's your mother likes to. What was it mother told you about your shawls?" "To take 'em off an' carry 'em over our arms," piped Susan Ellen, without comment, but in the interest of alighting and finding themselves afoot upon the pavement the shawls were forgotten. The children stood at the doorway of a shop while their father went inside, and they tried to see what the Topham shapes of bonnets were like, as their mother had advised them; but everything was exciting and confusing, and they could arrive at no decision. When Mr. Hilton came out with a hat in his hand to be seen in a better light, Katy whispered that she wished he would buy a shiny one like Judge Masterson's; but her father only smiled and shook his head, and said that they were plain folks, he and Katy. There were dry-goods for sale in the same shop, and a young clerk who was measuring linen kindly pulled off some pretty labels with gilded edges and gay pictures, and gave them to the little girls, to their exceeding joy. He may have had small sisters at home, this friendly lad, for he took pains to find two pretty blue boxes besides, and was rewarded by their beaming gratitude. It was a famous day; they even became used to seeing so many people pass. The village was full of its morning activity, and Susan Ellen gained a new respect for her father, and an increased sense of her own consequence, because even in Topham several persons knew him and called him familiarly by name. The meeting with an old man who had once been a neighbor seemed to give Mr. Hilton the greatest pleasure. The old man called to them from a house doorway as they were passing, and they all went in. The children seated themselves wearily on the wooden step, but their father shook his old friend eagerly by the hand, and declared that he was delighted to see him so well and enjoying the fine weather. "Oh, yes," said the old man, in a feeble, quavering voice, "I'm astonishin' well for my age. I don't complain, John, I don't complain." They talked long together of people whom they had known in the past, and Katy, being a little tired, was glad to rest, and sat still with her hands folded, looking about the front yard. There were some kinds of flowers that she never had seen before. "This is the one that looks like my mother," her father said, and touched Katy's shoulder to remind her to stand up and let herself be seen. "Judge Masterson saw the resemblance; we met him at his gate this morning." "Yes, she certain does look like your mother, John," said the old man, looking pleasantly at Katy, who found that she liked him better than at first. "She does, certain; the best of young folks is, they remind us of the old ones. 'Tis nateral to cling to life, folks say, but for me, I git impatient at times. Most everybody's gone now, an' I want to be goin'. 'Tis somethin' before me, an' I want to have it over with. I want to be there 'long o' the rest o' the folks. I expect to last quite a while, though; I may see ye a couple o' times more, John." John Hilton responded cheerfully, and the children were urged to pick some flowers. The old man awed them with his impatience to be gone. There was such a townful of people about him, and he seemed as lonely as if he were the last survivor of a former world. Until that moment they had felt as if everything were just beginning. "Now I want to buy somethin' pretty for your mother," said Mr. Hilton, as they went soberly away down the street, the children keeping fast hold of his hands. "By now the old horse will have eat his dinner and had a good rest, so pretty soon we can jog along home. I'm goin' to take you round by the academy, and the old North Meeting-house where Dr. Barstow used to preach. Can't you think o' somethin' that your mother'd want?" he asked suddenly, confronted by a man's difficulty of choice. "She was talkin' about wantin' a new pepper-box, one day; the top o' the old one won't stay on," suggested Susan Ellen, with delightful readiness. "Can't we have some candy, father?" "Yes, ma'am," said John Hilton, smiling and swinging her hand to and fro as they walked. "I feel as if some would be good myself. What's all this?" They were passing a photographer's doorway with its enticing array of portraits. "I do declare!" he exclaimed excitedly, "I'm goin' to have our pictures taken; 'twill please your mother more 'n a little." This was, perhaps, the greatest triumph of the day, except the delightful meeting with the judge; they sat in a row, with the father in the middle, and there was no doubt as to the excellence of the likeness. The best hats had to be taken off because they cast a shadow, but they were not missed, as their owners had feared. Both Susan Ellen and Katy looked their brightest and best; their eager young faces would forever shine there; the joy of the holiday was mirrored in the little picture. They did not know why their father was so pleased with it; they would not know until age had dowered them with the riches of association and remembrance. Just at nightfall the Hiltons reached home again, tired out and happy. Katy had climbed over into the front seat beside her father, because that was always her place when they went to church on Sundays. It was a cool evening, there was a fresh sea wind that brought a light mist with it, and the sky was fast growing cloudy. Somehow the children looked different; it seemed to their mother as if they had grown older and taller since they went away in the morning, and as if they belonged to the town now as much as to the country. The greatness of their day's experience had left her far behind; the day had been silent and lonely without them, and she had had their supper ready, and been watching anxiously, ever since five o'clock. As for the children themselves they had little to say at first -- they had eaten their luncheon early on the way to Topham. Susan Ellen was childishly cross, but Katy was pathetic and wan. They could hardly wait to show the picture, and their mother was much pleased as everybody had expected. "There, what did make you wear your shawls?" she exclaimed a moment afterward, reproachfully. "You ain't been an' wore 'em all day long? I wanted folks to see how pretty your new dresses was, if I did make 'em. Well, well! I wish more 'n ever now I'd gone an' seen to ye!" "An' here's the pepper-box!" said Katy, in a pleased, unconscious tone. "That really is what I call beautiful," said Mrs. Hilton, after a long and doubtful look. "Our other one was only tin. I never did look so high as a chiny one with flowers, but I can get us another any time for every day. That's a proper hat, as good as you could have got, John. Where's your new hoe?" she asked as he came toward her from the barn, smiling with satisfaction. "I declare to Moses if I didn't forget all about it," meekly acknowledged the leader of the great excursion. "That an' my yellow turnip seed, too; they went clean out o' my head, there was so many other things to think of. But 'tain't no sort o' matter; I can get a hoe just as well to Ira Speed's." His wife could not help laughing. "You an' the little girls have had a great time. They was full o' wonder to me about everything, and I expect they'll talk about it for a week. I guess we was right about havin' 'em see somethin' more o' the world." "Yes," answered John Hilton, with humility, "yes, we did have a beautiful day. I didn't expect so much. They looked as nice as anybody, and appeared so modest an' pretty. The little girls will remember it perhaps by an' by. I guess they won't never forget this day they had 'long o' father." It was evening again, the frogs were piping in the lower meadows, and in the woods, higher up the great hill, a little owl began to hoot. The sea air, salt and heavy, was blowing in over the country at the end of the hot bright day. A lamp was lighted in the house, the happy children were talking together, and supper was waiting. The father and mother lingered for a moment outside and looked down over the shadowy fields; then they went in, without speaking. The great day was over, and they shut the door.
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Hydroxyzine relieves itching caused by allergies, controls nausea and vomiting caused by various conditions, and treats anxiety. Hydroxyzine can cause drowsiness and dry mouth.
Hydroxyzine Overview
Hydroxyzine is a prescription medication used to control nausea and vomiting, to relieve itching caused by allergic conditions, and to cause sedation before and after general anesthesia and in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Hydroxyzine belongs to a group of drugs called antihistamines. It works by blocking histamine and acetylcholine receptors in the body, and by suppressing activity in the brain.
This medication comes in tablet, capsule, syrup, and intramuscular injectable forms. It is taken up to 4 times daily, with or without food.
Common side effects include dry mouth, nausea, and drowsiness. Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
How was your experience with Hydroxyzine?
Uses of Hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine is a prescription medication used:
- for sedation to relieve anxiety, agitation, and tension caused by certain psychiatric disorders
- for sedation before and after general anesthesia
- to reduce itching caused by allergic conditions or certain pain medications
- to control nausea and vomiting
This medication may be prescribed for other uses. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Hydroxyzine Brand Names
Hydroxyzine Drug Class
Hydroxyzine is part of the drug class:
Side Effects of Hydroxyzine
Common side effects include:
- dry mouth
- drowsiness
- nausea
- dizziness
This is not a complete list of hydroxyzine side effects. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


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