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Comp mode on!!! If you are on a competition team then this sweatshirt is perfect for you! This listing is for one sweatshirt professionally embellished with the word Comp mode on the back. The dancers name is embellished on the front in glitter. We can customize any color for the on bottom shown in hot pink glitter.
- Daughter
- Sister
- Dance Best Friend
- Coach to Team Gift
- Recital Gift
- Gift for Ballet Dancer
❤We can customize any color embellishment just send us a message.
❤Fits small
❤Purchase one size bigger for a loser fit
❤Free Shipping
Welcome to Fullout Dancewear!!! Thank you for visiting our shop. We are based out of Long Island New York. Your orders will always ship via USPS and you will receive a tracking # once your order ships. We hope you find what you are looking for but if not send a message.
Care Instructions:
Always wash your Fullout products inside out on cold. Hang to dry to keep the vinyl looking vibrant.
Check out more items in our shop👇🏻
1-2 weeks
I'll do my best to meet these shipping estimates, but can't guarantee them. Actual delivery time will depend on the shipping method you choose.
Buyers are responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply. I'm not responsible for delays due to customs.
Just contact me within: 5 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 7 days of delivery
But please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
Because of the nature of these items, unless they arrive damaged or defective, I can't accept returns for:
Buyers are responsible for return shipping costs. If the item is not returned in its original condition, the buyer is responsible for any loss in value.
Nov 13, 2022
Fun and cute sweatshirt. Shipping took a little longer than I expected, but overall I'm very happy with the item. I would definitely buy from this shop again.
Dec 13, 2019
I am so happy with my experience with this seller! Quick communication. So sweet and kind. The items are very well made. Soft. Comfortable. True to what the photos look like. Were delivered quickly and they even sent me a surprise free item! Such a great experience and would definitely buy from them again!


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Chandler 4 Corners
Stars & Stripes Pillow 8 x 24"
Regular price
Shipping calculated at checkout.
Hooked wool pillow. Made from 100% natural wool with a color coordinated velveteen backing. Artist-designed in Vermont and New England and handcrafted by skilled artisans.
For over a quarter century, Chandler 4 Corners has made high quality, handcrafted, artist-designed decorative accents. We commission accomplished artists to design home decor that expresses your passion for the out-of-doors, gladdens your heart, and brings your life into your home. Based in the New England town of Manchester, Vermont, the Chandler brothers proudly stand behind everything they make, and guarantee your complete satisfaction.

subset: commoncrawl


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Simmer Down
Sarah Smith
Rom Com, Food, Contemporary, Romance
In this finger-licking good rom-com, two is the perfect number of cooks in the kitchen. Nikki DiMarco knew life wouldn't be all sunshine and coconuts when she quit her dream job to help her mom serve up mouthwatering Filipino dishes to hungry beach goers, but she didn't expect the Maui food truck scene to be so eat-or-be-eaten—or the competition to be so smoking hot. But Tiva's Filipina Kusina has faced bigger road bumps than the arrival of Callum James. Nikki doesn't care how delectable the British food truck owner is—he rudely set up shop next to her coveted beach parking spot. He's stealing her customers and fanning the flames of a public feud that makes her see sparks. The solution? Let the upcoming Maui Food Festival decide their fate. Winner keeps the spot. Loser pounds sand. But the longer their rivalry simmers, the more Nikki starts to see a different side of Callum…a sweet, protective side. Is she brave enough to call a truce? Or will trusting Callum with her heart mean jumping from the frying pan into the fire?


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A new Medicare rule will promote earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Medicare will now reimburse primary care doctors who conduct an Alzheimer's evaluation and offer information about care planning to elderly patients with cognitive impairment.
According to the Alzheimer's Association, more than 5 million Americans have the disease. In addition, more than 85 percent of Alzheimer's patients also have another chronic condition. But many are unaware that they have Alzheimer's disease because they haven't been diagnosed.
Under the new rule, primary care doctors who test patients for cognitive impairment can bill Medicare for their services. Testing for Alzheimer's disease can involve taking a thorough medical history, testing a patient's mental status, doing a comprehensive physical and neurological exam, and conducting blood tests and brain imaging. Previously, there was no specific Medicare reimbursement for dementia testing, so many doctors did not take the time to do it.
In addition, doctors can bill Medicare if they offer help to Alzheimer's patients with care planning by providing information on treatments and services. Receiving early diagnosis and proper care planning can be critical for Alzheimer's patients. According to Robert Egge, Alzheimer's Association Chief Public Policy Officer, "Proper care planning results in fewer hospitalizations, fewer emergency room visits and better management of medication — all of which improves the quality of life for both patients and caregivers, and helps manage overall care costs."
While Medicare will now pay for dementia testing and care planning, Medicare does not pay for long-term custodial care services for Alzheimer's patients. Medicare's nursing home coverage is limited to skilled care provided by a physical therapist, registered nurse, or licensed practical nurse.
For an article about the new rule from the Santa Cruz Sentinel, click here.


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Research in Theology and Sciences of Religions
The Faculty of Theology and Sciences of Religions seeks excellence in research at an international level.
Research is organised in four institutes:
The mission of the Swiss-French Institute of Biblical Sciences (IRSB) is to promote research in Biblical studies, i.e. in the fields of the Bible (Jewish and Christian), Jewish and Christian apocryphal writings, and the history of Israel and ancient Christianity. Since its creation, the IRSB has developed two areas of competence: first, publishing and commenting on Christian apocryphal manuscripts, and secondly, studying the origin of the texts contained in the Jewish and Christian canons from the perspective of social, political and cultural history.
Researchers at the Institute of History and Anthropology of Religions (IHAR) study religions as cultural productions and examine them both from a broad, comparative historical perspective and a theoretical standpoint. They cover a time frame that runs from the modern European period to the present day. The methodologies used are the history of religions (Rome and Chicago schools), cultural history, historical anthropology, the sociology of sciences and social anthropology
The main task of the Institute of Social Sciences of Religions (ISSR) is the analysis of religions in the contemporary world from a social sciences perspective. The main disciplines involved are the sociology of religions, psychology of religion and social sciences of migration. The ISSR includes the Observatory for Religions in Switzerland (ORS).
The Lemanic Institute of Practical Theology (ILTP) provides a research platform for practical theology in the University and churches and promotes theological reflection among various audiences. Its main areas of study include the theology of blessing, the new faces of Protestantism, the role of sensory perception in Christianity and spirituality, and education for/by/in/through faith.


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Senior care facilities are home to a large percentage of our nation's older adults. Home goes beyond a roof over their head and a few meals a day. Senior care facilities strive to provide belonging, support, relationships, and purpose to seniors in their care. Long-term care, primarily, must focus on building an uplifting and meaningful environment for its residents. While caregivers and staff do an incredible job with enrichment and environment for the seniors, many extraordinary acts come from volunteers and local community members. "Every day, long-term care residents, caregivers, family members, and community members are doing extraordinary things." (Stories of Care 2022)
A new non-profit called Dream Flights works to honor veterans and allows them to fly in a plane again. This organization takes these senior veterans on flights in Boeing Stearman biplanes. These biplanes were the type commonly used when most of these veterans served in the military. This opportunity helps the veterans reconnect with their younger selves and works to bring joy and meaning to their lives.
In Lilburn, Atlanta, residents of a local long-term care facility were given free tickets to the Atlanta Botanical Garden's winter display. This outing was the first in nearly two years for these residents in the wake of the pandemic. These residents enjoyed the light show and felt the holiday spirit because of the generosity of someone building the good for the local seniors.
In Nashville, teenagers organized a music group to entertain local seniors. This music group includes violins, cellos, and other instruments. The teens play both current and older music to which the seniors can enjoy, recognize, and reminisce.
In Maryland, local firefighters adopted 70 residents of a local skilled nursing facility. They delivered blankets to them and delighted the residents with visits to their windows using the firetruck ladder.
In western New York, the owner of a floral design company organized and started a program where she takes donations and spends extra time building floral arrangements to brighten the main areas of 10 local long-term care facilities. She states, "I really like to give back to the community. I like to bring sunshine to those that need it." (Flowers Sprout for Joy for Long Term Care Residents, 2022)
These examples are just a portion of what caregivers, community members, and volunteers are doing to enrich the lives of the residents and patients in care facilities. Other examples of above and beyond enrichment include a Mardi Gras parade, a local animal shelter sending painted paw print valentines from the animals to seniors, a dog show, a winter wonderland created by volunteers, and many more.
Seeing the extraordinary, above and beyond acts done to increase the quality of life for our nation's seniors is a beautiful example of the good in the world, especially amid all the chaos of current events and the pandemic. These people are doing extraordinary things for the residents and patients every day, and the residents find meaning, purpose, and joy in these acts and events. Senior care facilities are always looking for new ways to uplift and enrich the lives of their residents, and they encourage all to volunteer and reach out. Please contact your local senior home if you are interested in helping!


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Two former Utah state attorneys general were arrested Tuesday. Both face numerous charges, including receiving and soliciting bribes.
Mark Shurtleff served as attorney general for a dozen years before completing his third term at the beginning of 2013. John Swallow was elected to succeed him but resigned in November, less than a year into the job. Both are Republicans.
On Tuesday, Swallow was charged with 11 felonies and two misdemeanors, including accepting bribes, tampering with evidence, misuse of public funds and obstructing justice. Shurtleff faces 10 counts on similar charges.
They could each face 30 years in prison.
"This is a sad day for Utah," GOP Gov. Gary Herbert said in a statement. "The entire situation, regardless of how the legal process plays out, is a black eye for our state."
The two men have been the subject of multiple investigations, including a $4 million probe by a special state House committee. Its report found that Swallow "compromised the principles and integrity of the office to benefit himself and his political supporters" and that Shurtleff "sold out" Utah residents.
"We have filed what we think are appropriate and minimal charges," Salt Lake District Attorney Sim Gill said at a news conference Tuesday, according to The Salt Lake Tribune. "We could have filed more, but we chose at this time to just file what we did."
Gill, who is a Democrat, denied any partisan motivation.
The complicated case centers on the relationship between Swallow and Shurtleff and various businessmen. They are accused of using, on multiple occasions, a private jet, luxury houseboat and Ferrari belonging to a man named Jeremy Johnson, who has been indicted on 86 federal charges of fraud.
According to the Deseret News, investigators have also examined their relationship with another wealthy businessman, Marc Sessions Jenson. Jenson is serving a 10-year sentence on securities fraud and has accused Shurtleff and Swallow of extortion.
On a 2009 recording that surfaced last year, Shurtleff is heard saying he believed he could get $2 million from Jenson to silence an investor.
The "drumbeat had been building" that the former attorneys general could face serious charges, says Christopher Karpowitz, a political science professor at Brigham Young University.
"It's always shocking if the two previous chief law enforcement officers of a state are arrested," Karpowitz says. "When a scandal of this magnitude hits the state, that is both shocking and sad."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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HTTPS cloning errors
There are a few common errors when using HTTPS with Git. These errors usually indicate you have an old version of Git, or you don't have access to the repository.
Here's an example of an HTTPS error you might receive:
> error: The requested URL returned error: 401 while accessing
> https://HOSTNAME/USER/REPO.git/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack
> fatal: HTTP request failed
> Error: The requested URL returned error: 403 while accessing
> https://HOSTNAME/USER/REPO.git/info/refs
> fatal: HTTP request failed
> Error: https://HOSTNAME/USER/REPO.git/info/refs not found: did you run git
> update-server-info on the server?
Check your Git version
There's no minimum Git version necessary to interact with GitHub Enterprise Server, but we've found version 1.7.10 to be a comfortable stable version that's available on many platforms. You can always download the latest version on the Git website.
Ensure the remote is correct
The repository you're trying to fetch must exist on your GitHub Enterprise Server instance, and the URL is case-sensitive.
You can find the URL of the local repository by opening the command line and
typing git remote -v
$ git remote -v
# View existing remotes
> origin https://github.com/ghost/reactivecocoa.git (fetch)
> origin https://github.com/ghost/reactivecocoa.git (push)
$ git remote set-url origin https://github.com/ghost/ReactiveCocoa.git
# Change the 'origin' remote's URL
$ git remote -v
# Verify new remote URL
> origin https://github.com/ghost/ReactiveCocoa.git (fetch)
> origin https://github.com/ghost/ReactiveCocoa.git (push)
Alternatively, you can change the URL through our GitHub Desktop application.
Provide an access token
To access GitHub, you must authenticate with a personal access token instead of your password. For more information, see "Managing your personal access tokens."
Check your permissions
When prompted for a username and password, make sure you use an account that has access to the repository.
Tip: If you don't want to enter your credentials every time you interact with the remote repository, you can turn on credential caching. If you are already using credential caching, please make sure that your computer has the correct credentials cached. Incorrect or out of date credentials will cause authentication to fail.
Use SSH instead
If you've previously set up SSH keys, you can use the SSH clone URL instead of HTTPS. For more information, see "About remote repositories."
Error: Repository not found
If you see this error when cloning a repository, it means that the repository does not exist, you do not have permission to access it, or your GitHub Enterprise Server instance is in private mode. There are a few solutions to this error, depending on the cause.
Check your spelling
Typos happen, and repository names are case-sensitive. If you try to clone git@HOSTNAME:user/repo.git
, but the repository is really named User/Repo
you will receive this error.
To avoid this error, when cloning, always copy and paste the clone URL from the repository's page. For more information, see "Cloning a repository."
To update the remote on an existing repository, see "Managing remote repositories".
Checking your permissions
If you are trying to clone a private repository but do not have permission to view the repository, you will receive this error.
Make sure that you have access to the repository in one of these ways:
- The owner of the repository
- A collaborator on the repository
- A member of a team that has access to the repository (if the repository belongs to an organization)
Check your SSH access
In rare circumstances, you may not have the proper SSH access to a repository.
You should ensure that the SSH key you are using is attached to your personal account on GitHub Enterprise Server. You can check this by typing the following into the command line:
$ ssh -T git@HOSTNAME
> Hi USERNAME! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not
> provide shell access.
For more information, see Adding a new SSH key to your GitHub account.
Check if your instance is in private mode
If your site administrator has enabled private mode on your GitHub Enterprise instance, anonymous clones over git://
will be disabled. If you are unable to clone a repository, contact your site administrator.
Check that the repository really exists
If all else fails, make sure that the repository really exists on your GitHub Enterprise Server instance! If you're trying to push to a repository that doesn't exist, you'll get this error.
Error: Remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout
This error occurs if the default branch of a repository has been deleted on your GitHub Enterprise Server instance.
Detecting this error is simple; Git will warn you when you try to clone the repository:
$ git clone https://HOSTNAME/USER/REPO.git
# Clone a repo
> Cloning into 'repo'...
> remote: Counting objects: 66179, done.
> remote: Compressing objects: 100% (15587/15587), done.
> remote: Total 66179 (delta 46985), reused 65596 (delta 46402)
> Receiving objects: 100% (66179/66179), 51.66 MiB | 667 KiB/s, done.
> Resolving deltas: 100% (46985/46985), done.
> warning: remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.
To fix the error, you'll need to be an administrator of the repository on your GitHub Enterprise Server instance. You'll want to change the default branch of the repository.
After that, you can get a list of all the available branches from the command line:
$ git branch -a
# Lists ALL the branches
> remotes/origin/awesome
> remotes/origin/more-work
> remotes/origin/new-main
Then, you can just switch to your new branch:
$ git checkout new-main
# Create and checkout a tracking branch
> Branch new-main set up to track remote branch new-main from origin.
> Switched to a new branch 'new-main'


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Users will be able to connect Thunderbolt-equipped peripherals to remote hosts using optical cabling in 2012, Intel told IDG News Service on Monday. The company reaffirmed its commitment to get optical cabling on the market this year, which will allow much longer cable runs beyond the current three meter limit. This, in turn, will allow the technology to achieve higher transmission speeds in the future.
Thunderbolt originally began life as an optical cable interconnect dubbed "LightPeak." By the time it reached the market in early 2011, however, optical cabling was abandoned for standard copper. Copper cabling offered the advantage of lower cost as well as the ability to send as much as 10W of power to peripherals, while still matching the originally planned 10Gbps bidirectional data rate. Still, copper cabling can only reach approximately six meters theoretical maximum, and won't be able to scale much beyond 10Gbps.
Optical cabling will allow cabling runs as long as "tens of meters," perhaps as long as the length of a football field. However, devices won't be able to receive power at that distance—impedance issues would make sending up to 10W impractical, Intel spokesperson Dave Salvatore said.
Using fiber optics will also enable Thunderbolt to push beyond 10Gbps to speeds planned as high as 100Gbps by the end of this decade. Intel promised optical cabling would come sometime in 2012 last year, and it plans to stand by that promise, though solid release dates or pricing still haven't been announced.
Thunderbolt adoption has been limited so far by a few factors. One is that the technology is only currently available on Macs, though several PC vendors have Thunderbolt-equipped machines ready for release when Intel ships its next-generation Ivy Bridge platform. Also, the number of peripherals available has been small, though a couple dozen products should be shipping within the next couple of months. Finally, Apple has so far been the only source of Thunderbolt cables. The company's $50 cable should be joined by at least one other option soon—hopefully at a lower price.
Optical cabling that will be released this year will likely be limited to niche uses that require a peripheral to be as much as a couple hundred feet from a host machine. The cabling will be expensive, too—cost of optical cabling was one of the reasons Intel cited for its decision to launch Thunderbolt with a copper interconnect. However, optical cabling will be backwards compatible due to a design that includes a transceiver at each end of a Thunderbolt cable.


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The Children's Museum of Jordan is the realization of a personal dream of mine for Jordan's children … it is a place where they can come together, play, laugh, and make new friends. A place where imaginations are lit, ideas sparked, and connections made.
Looking around the exhibits, I was reminded of a song I first heard as a child (and I am not going to sing it, so you will just have to listen carefully to the lyric)
"Fly me to the moon And let me play among the stars Let me see what spring is like On Jupiter and Mars…"
I have always loved that song. But for the longest time, the lyrics seemed purely metaphorical – a playful, abstract fantasy of exploring something new.
Now, the words have taken on a new meaning. Because, now, I do not have to fly to the moon. Here, I can don an astronaut's suit and stand on the moon. And when I am there, I can probably see what spring is like on Jupiter and Mars, too, because they are right there in front of me!
And that is the joy of this museum… nothing remains abstract for long. Children who come through these doors, will learn by playing, touching, thinking, digging, climbing, pulling, pushing, driving, flying, racing, building, sorting and solving …all at their own pace… among the brightly colored and interactive exhibits.
And if you are thinking that all this sounds familiar, that is because the goals of the children's museum complement much broader goals for Jordan's children—I am talking about our efforts to reinvigorate and reform our public schools.
Just as the Ministry of Education encourages our youngest citizens to question, create and debate…so the museum stimulates young minds.
While the Ministry trains our teachers to explore new interactive, child-centered methods…the museum will help them develop and bring their lesson plans to life.
As the Ministry equips our classrooms with technologies so that our children can learn about the world, and the world can learn about our children, here at the museum, our young explorers can globetrot, and stamp their passports as they go.
And as the Ministry revises our national curricula to be more modern, balanced, and in tune with today's world…one glance around our museum will make it clear that Jordan is on top of current trends.
In short, we are pushing the boundaries of education, within and beyond the classroom… because we want our most precious citizens to grow up equipped with the knowledge, skills, strategies, and values that will allow them to excel in a fast-paced and competitive world.
And I am delighted that the Children's Museum, through its school support program, will be an integral partner in that process.
In fact, there are so many wonderful parts to this project…and so many more on the horizon. Now that we have passed this milestone, we must turn our attention to the journey ahead…and take the magic of this museum on the road bringing our traveling treasures to all regions of Jordan… There is much to do. And I have faith that we can do it.
This is a new kind of museum, where instead of preserving artifacts and treasures behind glass, it invites children to experience its wonders for themselves. We work together for the children we love… and for future generations of children, whose faces we will never see. Because we know, in the words of the poet Khalil Gibran, that children 'are the sons and daughters of life's longing for itself'.


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The sun comes up later now , but the mornings are staying cooler longer,
which allows me to get much more done. Yesterday, I had an orgy of transplanting rooted cuttings and repotting potbound plants.
What Was I Thinking?
I had one of those WWIT moments yesterday, and had to spend a couple of hours cleaning up the aftermath. This spring, with all the rain, I didn't get to lay new cardboard in the courtyard. Instead, during an obvious brain-dead moment, I decided to let basket grass grow as a ground cover.
Big mistake -- BIG -- HUUUGE!
Luckily, it's easy to pull up, so I did just that, pulled up huge clumps of it. I spread it out on bare spots in the lawn so at least there will be something growing there. The next door cat is not going to like that, because those are where she goes potty (which is probably why nothing will grow there). Also pulled up some Little Ruby alternanthera and sweet potato vines that I stupidly planted in the courtyard, and still can't get completely rid of. After all this pulling, I put down new cardboard to ensure they don't grow back.
Potting and Repotting
I got all 54 of the water-rooted butterfly weeds planted. Of course, I have no clue which are yellow and which are red, so I'm sure to have some mixed pots. The sickliest looking ones got stuck out into the ground in the garden in clumps. I'm hoping being outside makes them try harder to live. I waited too long to plant them, and was neglectful in changing the water, so they look pretty pathetic.
On the other hand, the plants I cut them from look healthy and happy and are starting to bloom again. I hope to get some more Monarchs in this fall to lay eggs, although most of them got eaten by lizards and toads this spring. I'll be transplanting the milkweed to a safer place inside the courtyard as I redo that once it gets cooler.
I transplanted nine small cranberry hibiscus (H. acetosella) in a cell pack. Some of them were iffy, but in my experience, they are hard to kill. The one I have planted outside is the first one of these I've gotten to grow successfully. It's really beautiful, and I did my last pinch on it last week so it will have time to bloom in the fall.
I noticed the cane begonia was drooping and getting crooked from trying to get sun, so I repotted and staked it. It really doesn't have a good place with prefect sunlight to live, so I'll have to eventually cut it back. The cuttings from it I stuck this spring aren't doing all that well. They basically haven't grown at all. Next year, I'm building a shade canopy for my tropicals, so it will go there where it can get better sun and not be so leggy.
I gave the Clerodendrum "Bleeding Heart" cutting a new pot with fresh soil, because it really just isn't growing at all. When I pulled it out, it had very few roots, after being in that 3" pot for a year. So strange. I hope the fresh soil helps.
More Repotting Yet to Do
I repotted some sanseveria today, but I don't have a lot of soil left, so some of them went into plain garden soil. Should be fine until I can get some more soil. I still have more to do. I got the Devil's Horn ones done, now I need to do the Silver Queens, which I did last year, and they're already outgrowing their pots.
I'm running out of space in the "nursery" and there is much more dividing and repotting to do. Guess I'm going to have to try to sell some of these early to make room.
Well, enough for now. I can't wait until next month when it gets much cooler and I can start digging again. So much to do!
Happy Gardening!


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Islam provides many human rights for the individual. The following are some of these human rights that Islam protects.
The life and property of all citizens in an Islamic state are considered sacred, whether a person is Muslim or not. Islam also protects honor. So, in Islam, insulting others or making fun of them is not allowed. The Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, said: "Truly your blood, your property, and your honor are inviolable."[1]
Racism is not allowed in Islam, for the Quran speaks of human equality in the following terms:
"O mankind, We have created you from a male and a female and have made you into nations and tribes for you to know one another. Truly, the noblest of you with God is the most pious.[2] Truly, God is All-Knowing, All-Aware." (Quran 49:13)
Islam rejects certain individuals or nations being favored because of their wealth, power, or race. God created human beings as equals who are to be distinguished from each other only on the basis of their faith and piety. The Prophet Muhammad said: "O people! Your God is one and your forefather (Adam) is one. An Arab is not better than a non-Arab and a non-Arab is not better than an Arab, and a red (i.e. white tinged with red) person is not better than a black person and a black person is not better than a red person,[3] except in piety."[4]
One of the major problems facing mankind today is racism. The developed world can send a man to the moon but cannot stop man from hating and fighting his fellow man. Ever since the days of the Prophet Muhammad, Islam has provided a vivid example of how racism can be ended. The annual pilgrimage (Hajj) to Makkah shows the real Islamic brotherhood of all races and nations, when about two million Muslims from all over the world come to Makkah to perform the pilgrimage.
Islam is a religion of justice. God has said:
"Truly God commands you to give back trusts to those to whom they are due, and when you judge between people, to judge with justice…." (Quran 4:58)
And He has said:
"…And act justly. Truly, God loves those who are just." (Quran 49:9)
We should even be just with those who we hate, as God has said:
"…And let not the hatred of others make you avoid justice. Be just: that is nearer to piety…." (Quran 5:8)
The Prophet Muhammad said: "People, beware of injustice,[5] for injustice shall be darkness on the Day of Judgment."[6]
And those who have not gotten their rights (i.e. what they have a just claim to) in this life will receive them on the Day of Judgment, as the Prophet said: "On the Day of Judgment, rights will be given to those to whom they are due (and wrongs will be redressed)…"[7]
[1] Narrated in Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #1739, and Mosnad Ahmad, #2037.
[2] A pious person is a believer who abstains from all kinds of sins, performs all good deeds that God commands us to do, and fears and loves God.
[3] The colors mentioned in this Prophetic saying are examples. The meaning is that in Islam no one is better than another because of his color, whether it is white, black, red, or any other color.
[4] Narrated in Mosnad Ahmad, #22978.
[5] i.e. oppressing others, acting unjustly, or doing wrong to others.
[6] Narrated in Mosnad Ahmad, #5798, and Saheeh Al-Bukhari, #2447.
[7] Narrated in Saheeh Muslim, #2582, and Mosnad Ahmad, #7163.


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Written for World Milksharing Week's Blog Carnival, hosted by Milk Junkies.
Lisa and her little one, who shares her milk.
Let's talk about that controversial thing called milksharing. The facts, as I understand them, are that Emma Kwasnica, with the help of many other like-minded people, launched a global network, through Facebook, called Human Milk 4 Human Babies. The aim of the network is to connect moms who need milk for their babies, with other moms, who have milk that they can share. This was about meeting a need.
The World Health Organization's position on infant feeding is that if, for some reason, a mother is not able to feed her own baby, milk from another human mother is a better alternative than formula. Milk banks do exist that could theoretically meet this need, but there are some problems. First, there are very few of them, so the milk that they do have to give gets prioritized to very sick or premature babies - the infants that desperately need the milk. Second, milk bank milk is almost always pasteurized, which turns human milk from the living miraculous stuff that it is, into dead milk, losing much of its value. Finally, it costs money to access the milk of many milk banks. So even if your baby is among the few that make the cut, and you are happy to accept pasteurized milk, you may still have to come up with the cash to cover it.
The medical community is aware of how difficult it is to access human milk when you need it -- this is why they do not often advise mothers to try this option. Instead, supplementing with formula is quickly suggested. I do not intend to go into why this is such a poor choice here. Suffice it to say there are mothers out there for whom supplementing with formula is not an option that they are comfortable with. So, do they have to? Is there no other choice?
Let's be realistic: human milk is not a scarcity! Many mothers have ample supply for their babies, and then some. Some women struggle with oversupply! It is also a vastly renewable resource - empty breasts will fill themselves again and again. It should not be so hard to connect people who need milk to people who have milk to give. And it turns out, it isn't. But fear is alive and well.
When a group of parents decided they were done waiting for the medical community to fix this problem, and opened up a way for donors and recipients to easily match up, there was massive push back. It must not be safe, right? People could have disease! You never know what they might be smoking in their spare time... That's just gross, anyway.
Really, all of the arguments against this wonderful, simple milksharing solution to a common problem sound the same to me as razor blades in apples at Halloween. I doubt that there are all kinds of sadistic, lactating weirdos out there, masquerading as concerned moms, handing out drug-laced human milk donations just for jollies.
Here are a few facts:
Human Milk 4 Human Babies donors do not charge for their milk. There is nothing to be gained by donation, save the truly awesome global village feeling that you are helping to feed another's child.
Milksharing is done person to person. That means you meet that person you are getting milk from. You ask questions. You go to their house and meet their family. And you decide whether or not your baby eats that milk. You decide.
This is not a new idea. Wet nursing has been done throughout human history.
And, now a confession: My name is Lisa, and I have donated my milk to a stranger.
Based on the oh-so-educated comments that I read elsewhere on the internet, a common reaction to this is, "Omigosh! Weirdo!" or maybe just, "Yuck. I could never do that."
But before you decide how you feel about informal milksharing, read just a teensy bit more.
I say I gave my milk to a stranger, in that this was someone that I initially met over the Internet. But when she sat in my living room, with her husband and new son, and we chatted while my similar-aged daughter cooed in her swing nearby, stranger was not the word I would have used to describe her. It actually didn't feel strange at all. We were just two moms. She had a problem, and I was in a position to help her out, in a meaningful way. I am so glad she was not too scared to accept my help. Donating milk was hugely rewarding for me, even renewing much of my faith in the spirit of community.
If only more moms were not scared milk-less. We don't always need to turn to the authorities to fix our problems. Sometimes, with a little courage, we can find our own solutions.
Lisa is Mom to two, wife to one, and lives in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. She loves being busy in her local, gentle parenting community, and blogs occasionally at Swirls and Swings. This article is part of World Milksharing Week's Blog Carnival hosted by Trevor MacDonald at Milk Junkies. Visit the World Milksharing Week website or find WMW on Facebook to learn more.
Related Reading:
Breastmilk Donation Page [This page was created prior to milksharing communities existing as they do in 2012. For many years peaceful parenting served, in part, to connect mothers with donors locally via email, phone and community networking. Today, thanks to the new mother-to-mother milksharing set-ups, we hear from far fewer who don't already have their needs met or connections established.]
Joshua's Story: Why I Choose Another Mother's Milk
Joshua's Story: Why I Still Choose Another Mother's Milk
Human Milk for Human Babies After Japan Tsunami
Reasons Not to Send Formula or Human Milk to Haiti and Other Disaster Locations
TIME Reports on New Global Milksharing
Delaney Rose: 6 Months of Milksharing
A Modern Day Wet Nurse
From Despair to Donation: A Mother Loses Her Baby and Shares His Milk
If you would like to share your milksharing story or research on the subject, write to firstname.lastname@example.com


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You have only one couple of apples, so it's singular.
There are multiple apples, so it's plural.
Which one is right, "there are a couple of apples" or "there is a couple of apples"? I have seen both used.
In Dutch you would say "there is a couple of apples" because you only have one couple of apples. How about English?


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A Catalog of Transformations, Plus Reviews and Alerts
What's New
Recent Changes
Message Board
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MSG Board
AI creating videos f
Cara vemos
TG caption Patreon s
Female with male voi
Quickbooks Dogs - ad
Where to watch all B
Category: 'Furry'
Accidental Centaurs
Web Comic
Alice in Wonderland
Furry, Male
(Spoiler Text)
Babe in the Woods
Female, Furry, Animal
Park rangers at Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee are really intelligent animals from another dimension. Their job is to keep humans from finding the portal to that dimension within the park, or else their existence would be erased. One unlucky teenage boy, Cody, stumbled onto the
The Batman episode The Joining: Part 1
Male, Furry, Gender
Batman sneaks into detective John Jones' apartment, and he catches the Martian Manhunter changing his face to match those he sees while flipping TV channels, including men, women, and even a cartoon dog. His body (human male) remains the same, however. Later, the Manhunter briefly disguises himse
Beauty & the Lutung Kasarung
Indonesian movie about a man who turns into a monkey man.
Bedknobs and Broomsticks
Furry, Inanimate, Mythical, Size, Animal
An apprentice witch, three kids, and a cynical conman search for the missing component to a magic spell that would be useful for the defense of Britain. (Spoiler Text) Excellent movie but not for it's transformations.
Black Mask 2: City of Masks
A group of wrestlers is genetically altered and become more animalistic and less human. Iguana becomes an iguana, Chameleon becomes a chameleon, Snake becomes a snake, Wolf becomes a wolf and Claw (WWE's Rob Van Dam) becomes a spider. Later in the film, Black Mask (Andy On) becomes a panther.
Black Tapestries
This webcomic features mostly furry material, but there's also straight animal transformations. The main character is a rogue cursed to change into a fox woman, seemingly at random. The sorcerer who curses her enjoys doing stuff like this to people he doesn't like, and there's no shortage of mater
Bleach episode 41 - Reunion
Youicjiro a cat turns herself in a woman. Yoruichi the cat tells ichigo that he rescue him after the battle. Ichigo asks how could a cat lift me and carry me all the way to a hidden room under the mountain. Yoruichi tells him I have never shown my true form to you and your friends. Yoruichi dec
Bob "Anthrocoon" Nelson net fiction Furry World
A man wakes up one day and notices everyone in the world has become an anthropomorphic animal. Even his co-worker/ girlfriend is now a vixen. He feels out of place as the only human in a world of "furries", although they think he's an animal (fox) as well.
Bobobo-Bo Bo-Bobo episode Gasser up! I'm ready to drive!
Don't even try to follow the storyline or figure out what is going on in this bizarre anime fresh from Japan, you will wind up in a room with matresses for walls. I will try and set it up. Giraffes are coming out of Bobobo-Bo's hair and nostrils. Don Patch whirled in a typhon trying to take a te
Bobobo-Bo Bo-Bobo episode Mortal Match! Fist of Nose Hair vs Fist of Rice!
This episode is just as fantastically bizarre and random as the other ones, but the transformation is involved when the main villain of the episode (a rice-loving teen who uses attacks centered around rice named Rice) trapped Beauty in a giant bowl of sticky rice. Rice then explained that there is n
Boktai 2: Solar Boy Django
Animal, Furry
This is a Game Boy Advance game, the sequel to Boktai: The Sun is in Your Hand. In Boktai 2, at a certain point you are bitten by a vampire and as a result, gain the ability to turn into a mouse, a bat, and a wolf. The mouse and bat are for getting into small openings, and the wolf form, when us
Booster Gold #36
Animal, Furry
Blue Beetle, Ted Kord, is left on a planet with the queen, and tells her that he is the leader of the party that saved her planet. She shows her appreciation for his efforts by sharing her bed with him. After several rounds, Ted is getting ready to leave, but the Queen informs him that he is her
Booster Gold #8
Animal, Furry
Green Arrow reveals that Pantha, one of the "Freedom Fighters" was once a woman named Rosabelle Mendez. Maxwell Lord, as head of Checkmate, changed her into a Panther/Woman hybrid. The change is not shown, just the result, of her being a Cat Woman.
Boy into Buster Bunny for Tiny Toon Game Ad
For an ad for a Tiny Toon Adventures game, most likely Tiny Toon Adventures: Buster Busts loose, a boy has various parts of his body change into animated parts of Buster Bunny. Each transformation is reverted after scenes from the game. Transformations include: Growing ears like Buster Bunny,
C. Francis Carnicelli book Something's in the Forest! And Other Tales...
Furry, Mythical, Size, Animal
This book is a compliation of several short story's meant for younger readers, probably early teens. The main story Something's in the Forest has two characters in it that are able to transform from people in to giant birds which resemble eagle's but "are as large as a house". Other stories deal
Cardcaptors episode The Switch
Our Cardcaptors are chasing The Change, which looks like a large blue iguana with spikes. It jumps up into the air and Sakura tries to catch it, but it lands on her head and leaps off into the air again. This time Li catches it as it falls to the ground and Kero leaps onto it. The Change struggles t
available from Pioneer (DSD, VHS), japanese animation Banipal Witt is a world in another reality inhabited by cat people. Two children are transported there to stop the ravages of their pet dog (that has been transported there earlier by an evil sorceress). Due to the effects of the other rea
Catprog's site
Animal, Gender, Mythical, Furry
This is a story building site with a furry transformation theme. Protagonists turn into both real, fictional and mythical animals, and there is also a fair amount of gender swapping.
Catscratch episode Lovesick
In this episode of the funny cartoon Catscratch that is about three rich cats- the scottish one (Gordon) gets a gift of brocolli from Human Kimberly but unfortunately he is allegergic to brocolli and this allergy to it gives a really strange allergic reaction (He changes into a furry monster cat if
Changing Workplace
Web Comic
Age, Female, Furry, Gender, Male, Monster
Some players of a game called 'Chaotic' can become anybody in Perim, a magical world
Chestnut tree
Furry, Age
In a dream, aduld lady recalls her childhood and becomes a girl, then plays with a cat and changes into cat. Then her mother changes into bear. When the dream ended, she becomes a grown-up again. A festival hand-drawn Korean movie 4 minutes long. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VsS4Tk-lrxo
Class of 3000, "Funky Monkey"
The Upperclassmen are putting on a musical version of King Kong called, "The Kong and I" and Sunny Bridge's class has to help out. Little D has been given the task of helping out the actor that will be playing the role of King Kong. Little D points out to the tempermental star that he is short
Monster, Size, Were, Furry
Claymore, the anime series, is based upon this manga series. The yomas, claymores, awakened beings, and demons of the abyss are capable of partially or completely transforming to human or monstrous forms. In some cases, the transformations are irreversible. (Spoiler Text)
Coca-Cola commercial Birdman
Furry, Race
A plain guy has a Coke bottle with two straws in it and shares it with everyone he sees. However, after he has done so, he receives one of their features until he is no longer recognizable. This is a list of what he receives. Gothic Girl - Hair/Boots Black Gangsta - Dark skin/T-Shirt Mexican
Code: LYOKO episode Unknown
At first glace, this would appear to be an anime. But further research indicates that it is actually a "Franime," that is, an anime produced in France instead of Japan. Weird. Anyway, the show is pretty cool. It's about a group of boarding school kids that discover a supercomputer with a
Colbert Report episode Threat Down: Pooh
Believe it or not, I am a fan of the Daily Show and the Colbert Report. In this bit, Stephen Colbert reports on the major threats to the nation. His number 1 threat is Pooh as in Winnie the Pooh. Colbert's number one threat is normally bears ("I don't know what a 'Pooh' is but it looks a heck o
Comic Mischeif
The main character is turned into a half-squirrel at the beginning of the comic. He is like this throughout the comic and he cannot talk while he is half-squirrel. EDIT: DEAD LINK
Craver Commercials commercial Honeycomb Cereal
From 1998 until recently, Honeycomb cereal commercials featured kids who crave the cereal transforming into a furry creature named the 'Honeycomb Craver".
CSI episode "Leapin' Lizards"
Several key characters transform from human to lizard-like alien beings. Most are full transformations, but there is at least one partial transformation. (Spoiler Text)
CSI episode Fur & Loathing in Las Vegas
Although this episode of CSI doesn't actually have transformations, it does have a LOT of furries and plushies. The episode focuses on the murder of Rocky Raccoon. The CSI crew goes to a furry convention and interrogates several furries, including Sexy Kitty (a scantily clad, blue cat). They even
Dark Cloud
Dark Cloud is a Playstation 2 action-rpg game. Throughout the first half of the first dungeon, your main character continuously encounters a cat. Eventually, your hero encounters a mysterious man, and after a short duel, he fires an energy blast at your character. Your character notices the cat beh
"The Dauphin" episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation
The Enterprise was to pick up and escort a future leader of a planet, along with her governor/guardian Anya. In couple of scenes, Anya transformed from a old governor to a beast. One other time she appear as young woman. The female future leader also transform to a beast once and to her natural sta
Dean R. Kootz book Dark of the Woods
ace double 13793 1970 On another world after a war, humanity is colonizing the planet after wiping out the indigenous winged inhabitants. A man falls in love with the last native, a beatiful winged woman and they become lovers which is highly illegal. When they are discovered, they flee into
Demon Eater
Monster, Mythical, Furry, Size
Webcomic about a demon that eats other demons to grow bigger and stronger. Starts out as a spawn. Evolves into a lizard, bird and later a human-like form. Seems to be slowing changing into a human as the story goes on.
Age, Animal, Female, Furry, Gender, Inanimate, Male, Mythical, Size, Were
Groups of artists that feature transformations in their Art.
Digimon episode Season 4
Aparantly the final season of the Digimon show has a new story where a bunch of children get transported intot he digimon world....but the catch is they become the digimon themselves
Dilbert issue Seven Years of Highly Ineffective People
Dilbert tells a marketing guy that he's going to reprogram his computer so they radiation will alter the guy's DNA and turn him into a weasel. Since marketing people believe anything, the guy begins to change, growing wiskers and a rodent nose. In another issue, Dogbert aquires magical powers. H
Doctor Who
Age, Animal, Female, Furry, Gender, Inanimate, Male, Mechanical, Size
British science-fiction television program about the adventures of a Time Lord and his companions, who travel through space and time in what appears outwardly to be an old, blue, police call-box called a TARDIS. ===Actors who have played the Doctor=== First Doctor - William Hartnell (1963̵
Doctor Who episode Vengeance on Varos
The Doctor visits the planet Varos to obtain supplies of a rare ore called zeiton 7, vital to the functioning of the TARDIS. Varos was once a colony for the criminally The Doctor and Peri meet two rebels, Jondar and Areta. Peri and Areta are captured and almost reshaped into beast-like creatures
Doodlez episode Wolf (The Halloween Episode)
Doodlez is about a cartoon boy that always gets bullied by a thing called hand- in this one he turns into a furry wolfboy.
Doraemon episode Transformation Biscuits
animal crackers transforms Nobita into a Cat but things gone way out of hand when he gave his Mom the 'Animal Transomation Biscuits' as a snack for her guest the guest turns into a horse, a chicken, a ape and a frog and when dad comes home Nobita's mom ate one of them cookies and she turned into
Doug episode N/A
I remembered something! In one episode of Doug, Doug Funnie is accused of cheating off of Chalky Studebaker's English Test, because they both got the exact same answers. Chalky is the school jock / popular kid / all around talented guy. Doug knows that it must have been Chalky that cheated off of
Drawn Together episode Mexican't Buy Me Love
Ling Ling and Toot go to Mexico and end up accidentally killing a hooker, in order to stay out of jail, they need to raise 500 Billion Pesos (12 American Dollars), they enter Ling Ling in a cock fight over seen by the King of Mexico (Carlos Mencia) and has very great success in his battles. Jose Le
Ed, Edd, 'n' Eddy episode "Dueling Eds"
Eddy dishonors Rolf's heritage and Rolf seeks vengeance. Eddy is challenged to a duel against Rolf and loses. At the end of the duel, as part of his culture, Rolf pours pockets of eels into the Eds' pants. Ed has some kind of allergic reaction to the eels and turns into a fish person. Brief at the
Erased eBook by Daniel Gilmore
Oliver wakes up to find himself transformed into a cartoon otter and that reality is rewriting itself, his old human self dissolving from history. Along with others who have also been transformed into toon animals including a rabbit, raccoon, rhino, elephant and others.
Family Guy episode n/a
Peter complains about his marraige to Lois and somehow ends up talking about gene splicing, the next scene shows him as a moose man.
Fanboys "Sweet Tooth"
Sylvia notices Lemmy eating a bunch of marshmellow peeps, 5 cases to be specific. Lemmy offers Sylvia one of them, but she refuses and warns him that he will turn into a marshmellow peep if he keeps eating them like that, but in a twist of irony she is turned into a peep instead.
Feel Human Use Tools commercial Ask.com
In a time that time forgot, in a modern world controlled by Apemen, one monkey does the unthinkable and uses a tool to discover the mysteries of life. That is right by the simple act of using an Ask.com search engine in a local cafe an Apeman was able to rapidly evolve into an upright, thinking, re
Final Fantasy Tactics
Monster, Furry
In FFT, your characters can be turned into a frog or a chicken and your monsters can be turned into a Marbol. Also some of the bosses turn themselves into powerful monsters to obliterate you.
Fox in the Mirrior
A somber and kind of depressing hand drawn flash movie. Beautifully done by any standards. In it the vixen shifts back and forth from animal form to furry form. It teaches a lesson about facing the person in the mirror, which is one of the hardest things to do sometimes.
Fur-Morphed: Where Dreams Become Reality. A website that is dedicated to transforming people into furries with the use of hypnotism and other such practices. There have been some responses of positive results. *FurMorphed Website
(Fictional) website which proposes furry TFs for real. :) Prices are very high.
Explanation of the category 'Furry'
A human takes on animal-like qualities or features, such as a tail. Also used for an animal with human-like characteristics, such as a raccoon able to speak English, or a fox that can walk upright in bipedal fashion like a human.
Also known as
[Edit this Page]


text: ## genfb genfb* at pci? genfb* at sbus? The genfb driver provides an unaccelerated framebuffer console on graphics cards set up by the firmware ( usually [[OpenFirmware]] ) but which are otherwise unsupported. Since it has no knowledge of the underlying graphics hardware whatsoever it relies on device properties to tell it where to find the framebuffer and what the current video mode's geometry is, this requires machine dependent code to extract this information and hand it to genfb. Currently this is implemented for [[macppc]] and [[sparc64]]. On [[SBus]] systems there is no need for any such translation code, but many cards use non-standard properties ( [[AG-10e]] for example ), pass wrong parameters ( CG12 claims 32bit depth even though the address property points at a monochrome framebuffer ) and there is no widely supported way to change palette registers, so use of this driver with [[SBus]] hardware is only recommended if there is absolutely no other driver for your [[SBus]] graphics card. On [[PCI]] systems things look much better - the 'color!' method is pretty much universally supported and most cards I have seen so far set their properties in a sane way. Of course there are still exceptions ( Sun's wildcat cards don't provide a sane address property and the [[PGX32]] passes a wrong value in linebytes ) but these seem to be rare on Sun hardware and nonexistent on PCI Macs. Native drivers and/or workarounds exist for all known exceptions. [[Xorg]] with the [[wsfb|xf86-video-wsfb]] driver will run in whatever mode and colour depth the console uses. The main motivation for writing genfb was to provide a machine independent replacement for [[macppc]]'s ofb driver which supports all the [[wsdisplay]] goodies and doesn't suffer from ofb's cache problems. It can also be used on [[i386]] and [[amd64]] where it supersedes the vesafb driver - mode setting via VBE has been moved to machine dependent code. ## See also [[agten]] - a driver for the [[AG-10e]] [[cgtwelve]] - a driver for the CG12 [[pm2fb]] - an accelerated driver for the [[PGX32]] [[wcfb]] - a driver for 3Dlabs Wildcat graphics boards


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Make way, cupcakes—it's whoopie pie time! Everyone is falling in love with America's classic sandwich treat—two soft cookies with a creamy filling. Now, baker extraordinaire Claire Ptak takes the humble whoopie pie to new heights in The Whoopie Pie Book.
Here are 60 irresistible recipes—made with fresh, seasonal ingredients—that show home bakers how to make the components for more than two dozen distinctive, flavorful whoopie pies from Classic flavors to frozen varieties to holiday-themed desserts that are sure to become favorites.
The Whoopie Pie Book will inspire and guide every time the whoopie-pie urge hits! (description from publisher)


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If you have completed an associates degree and are interested in additional career-related training, an online post-associate certificate is a great option. A certificate program can provide you with career-skill training or act as a stepping stone to a bachelor's degree.
Benefits of a Post-Associate Certificate
Post-associate certificates are generally less expensive and take less time to complete than a bachelor's degree. Certificate programs generally will lead you directly into a specific career or position, offering hands-on skills and experience in fields that require post-secondary training, such as dental hygiene or sonography.
Post-associate certificates typically take about one year to complete, while some take only a few weeks, and others up to two years. Many certificates can be earned from community colleges, undergraduate universities, liberal arts colleges, and accredited online programs.
With a post-associate certificate, you can generally expect to earn more than you would with just a high school diploma, and you may find greater job opportunities than with just an associates degree. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in-demand occupations that require a postsecondary certificate had median annual wages in 2016 higher than the national average salary for all workers.
Types of Post-Associate Certificates
Post-associate certificates can be earned in a variety of fields. Most certificates focus on training students to find employment in a specific career. These awards are not considered to be degrees but are postsecondary awards that certify you have received training in specific career-related skills. Examples of occupations that may require a post-associate certificate include nursing assistants, emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics, and hairstylists.
Other fields you may obtain a certificate in include:
- Accounting
- Aviation
- Business
- Chiropractic
- Computer Technology
- Environment
- Economic Development
- Language Education
- Legal Affairs
- Logistics & Transport
- Nursing
- Project Management
Fast-Growing Career Options with a Post-Associate Certificate
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the fastest-growing careers (in order of projected through through 2026) that require a certificate include:
- Medical Assistants
- Nursing Assistants
- Truck Drivers
- Vocational Nurses
- Hair Stylists
- Dental Assistants
- Preschool teachers
- Heating/Air Conditioning Installers
- Automotive Service Technicians
- Massage Therapists
- Paralegals
- Dental Hygienists
- EMTs
- Respiratory Therapists
- Phlebotomists
- Medical Records Technicians
- Physical Therapist Technicians
- Radiology Technicians
- Web Developers
How to Earn a Post-Associate Certificate
Post-associate certificates can be earned at community colleges, junior colleges, universities, and through online college programs. Admission to certificate programs sometimes requires an associates degree, and at other times does not. Many people opt to earn their post-associate certificate online. This is because online post-associate certificate programs allow for greater flexibility to balance other demands.
When you earn your certificate from the comfort of your own home, you can work at your own pace. Once you have your certificate, you can look forward to more job opportunities and good pay for decades to come.
- Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Vista College


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Wahiawa Savvy Seniors
I am humbly asking the Awesome Foundation to help fund my project "Wahiawa Savvy Seniors" by bringing iPad therapy to the patients at the Wahiawa General Hospital Senior Behavioral Health unit. These seniors have severe behavioral, emotional or mental conditions such as dementia, depression, and various personality disorders.
Since it is a psychiatric ward, it can be a very dreary place. Only their loved ones are permitted to visit the facility, and unlike senior centers or long term care facilities, our patients do not get to go outside, watch T.V. in their rooms, or enjoy outside visitors such as singing groups, church groups, or animals.
Since I have worked there, it has been my goal to get to know each delightful patient and figure out which things bring them a bit of happiness. To do this, I often use my iPad, and it has become indispensable to me in connecting with the patients on a personal level and showing them that they are valuable.
What I love about iPad "therapy" is its spontaneity. There are so many different types of Apps, I can find something to please everyone. For example, one day I heard a patient singing "Let me call you sweetheart." In seconds, I had the lyrics and music on my iPad, and we did a little sing-a-long. For patients on isolation, I have used my iPad to watch old sitcoms with them, play games and listen to their favorite music. For a dementia patient who routinely stands up and serenades us with the Chinese national anthem (complete with hand gestures), I streamed Chinese songs through my music App. When one patient shared that her son was a pastor of a local church, I quickly found the church's website and showed her pictures of her son and his family. She even had the option to stream and listen to the sermons.
I have also used my iPad for cognitive therapy by using Apps which prompt the patients to think by recognizing various objects and categories. I am also using my iPad to try different interventions with dementia patients to see if they actually can learn new information with repetition combined with images.
More cognizant patients can connect with the outside world by reading the newspaper and magazines. One patient loved to read the obituaries, but her poor eyesight made this an exhausting task so I found the Honolulu obituaries on my iPad in extra large font. For entertainment, the options are endless. Apps exist for painting, coloring, virtual cooking baking, games, and so on.
One patient was virtually unresponsive, lost in her world of advanced dementia, and I managed to get her eyes to focus on my iPad with a slideshow of kittens. For one brief second, she became lucid. Her eyes lit up, she smiled, and said, "Oh..look at them. They are so cute!" Moments like this are priceless, and for this reason I would love to be able to make iPads available for our unit. Thank you so much for your consideration.


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Investigating hypocrisy in a fun and only slightly judgmental way!
My friend Josh H. (Outspoken – Ep. 3) returns to discuss a few of the many contradictions we humans live with on a regular basis.
In this episode: alcohol, crying, recycling…
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Subscribe: Apple Podcasts | RSS | More


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Tag Archives: republican
U.S. Midterm Elections Ahead
What You Need to Know Asian markets are on the upsurge, especially the Hong Kong market, which climbed more than 11% in November. The Sterling will suffer as the BoE has turned its focus from inflation to saving its negative economic outlook, which will drive the market to sell off more pounds. Meanwhile, the U.S.Continue Reading


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About us
The UDV (German Insurers Accident Research) is part of the German Insurance Association (GDV).
Few other organizations commission as much university and non-university research on road safety. Formed in 2004 following a merger of the Munich-based Institute for Vehicle Safety (Institut für Fahrzeugsicherheit – IFM) and the Cologne-based Institute for Road Traffic (Institut für Straßenverkehr – ISK), the UDV works toward improving the safety of Germany's roads and preventing accidents.
The UDV cooperates with political decision-makers, the relevant authorities, the police and vehicle manufacturers to achieve these ends. The organization maintains a dialog with all road users and advises accident commissions throughout Germany.
The UDV researches all aspects of road safety, taking an interdisciplinary approach that includes roads, vehicles and road users, and develops comprehensive concepts.
The UDV successfully participates in a variety of initiatives that aim to reduce the risk of accidents on the roads and to implement or develop:
- Safe zebra crossings and traffic light configurations
- Compulsory seat belts, ABS for motorcycles, ISOFIX attachment points for child safety seats or ESC fitted as standard in all new vehicles
- The investigation of accident black spots, a "cycling license" for children and safe routes to school
The UDV analyzes real accidents and enters the data in the German insurers' accident database (UDB). The effectiveness of technical safety systems such as driver assistance systems can be investigated based on comprehensive analyses of the data.
Back to homepage


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LOA 4.5m 14ft 9in
Beam 1.8m 5ft 10in
Weight 140kg 309lbs
Sails 12.6sqm 136 sqft
Cruiser — daysailer — race trainer
Navigator has turned out to be the surprise package of the whole bunch, 300 plus sets of plans in today's market is a lot! Navigator was designed for Boat Books Auckland's proprietor Tim Ridge as a race trainer to serve the needs of a local club!
Originally she had the rig shown on the study print below, a crew of three teenagers totaling about 150 kg was intended, with its big sloop rig and shallow draft centerboard, to reward good sailing technique in a fairly open and windy club venue. There have been quite a few of these built, and I am told that they are very good boats, much enjoyed by their owners.
But, the surprise came with my friend Bob Jenner who came to me wanting a long range cruising dinghy just a little bigger than his Rogue.
We sat down for a browse through my drawings for some inspiration and Bob was very taken by the hull and internal layout of Navigator but wanted a rig with very different priority.
We took the standing lugsail that Bob had liked from Rogue, powerful but very simple and easily handled this is a good sail for a cruiser, we then looked at a means of balancing the boat in severe wind conditions as well as trying to make the boat as easy to sail as possible.
I had used the yawl rig in other small boats and had succeeded in making the boats self steer on the wind with little more than a piece of shock cord on the tiller, in this case I organised the sail proportions to have the boat balanced with either main alone, or mizzen and jib only. This means that in a really hard chance the main halyard can be cast off and the boat is still able to be steered and handled when things are very bad.
Another consequence of the sail layout is that the mizzen can be sheeted on hard, then the boat will lay comfortably hove to head to wind while the crew take a break, very nice if a hot drink or meal is to be prepared on the go.
We looked hard at the seating, side decks and helm so she is really comfortable, there is space for up to six but she is still an ideal singlehanded cruiser.
Bob needed lockers, enough space for a weeks gear stowed securely and out of the way of the spray, a space for the little outboard and 2 a place for a little ballast ( in his case wet sand l in bags alongside the centrecase). So we have an anchor well keeping the muddy "hook" and l its chain out of the main part of the boat, a big locker under the foredeck, big lockers under the side seats and in the sternsheets.
All of these are sealed off with watertight screw ports or hatches so that there is enough enclosed air space to float the boat really high enabling her to be righted and bailed if swamped. In fact when we tested a later boat she supported her crew comfortably and was easily bailed to get back under way.
Bob built his Navigator over about 4 months, the simple glued plywood lapstrake over stringers construction proving both fast and economical, the lightweight hull went together surprisingly quickly in the single car garage and it wasn't long before we were down at the waters edge christening her with lemonade.
We launched her on a very windy day and had a really good time, rocketing around the bay until the (very) second hand wooden mast gave up. It had screw holes filled with putty and painted over right around the deck area and putty isn't very strong!
It wasn't very long though until we had her fitted with a piece of alloy tube in place of the wooden stump and "Ddraigg " was off on what turned out to be a very distinguished career, we cruised her, we raced her with a lot more success than most people thought would be the case, we day sailed her and all in all she did more mileage than almost any open boat I've seen.
Performance wise she is a real surprise, very fast in most conditions, close winded and easily handled, the hull, though light is seaworthy and stable, powerful enough to drive through a big wave and she has a surprisingly comfortable motion in the open sea, something that is not easy to achieve in a light dinghy hull but a real bonus in a boat which may be at sea for a whole day on some coastal passages.
This yawl rigged version of Navigator has been really popular, there are Navigators as far north as Finland, Norway and Denmark, and as far south as Invercargill ( 47° deg south, really roaring forties territory). We have had a letter from an owner who sailed from Torquay in England along the coast, across the English Channel and north past France and Holland, ending the odyssey in Sweden! A very long way in an open boat, but as the letter said, the only long voyage was the 32 miles of open water as they crossed to France and from there on it was ten or twenty miles at a time.
In spite of the original club project not going ahead, they opted for an existing class boat, she is my most popular single design.
There are groups racing with three clubs that I know of and we even have an informal "owners group" who promote dinghy cruising and the design has been built in many variations including several with cabins ( which I feel are just a bit too small, watch this space for a bigger version named Pathfinder with a cabin as an option later in the year) and has somewhat humbled me with the enthusiasm with which she has been received, She is my favourite, one of those happy coincidences of fate, and perhaps one day I'll have one of my own.


text: TRICARE Reimbursement Manual 6010.61-M, April 1, 2015 Allowable Charges Chapter 5 Section 1 Providers Issue Date: November 1, 1988 Authority: 32 CFR 199.14(j)(1) Copyright: CPT only © 2006 American Medical Association (or such other date of publication of CPT). All Rights Reserved. Revision: 1.0 APPLICABILITYThis policy is mandatory for reimbursement of services provided by either network or non-network providers. However, alternative network reimbursement methodologies are permitted when approved by the Defense Health Agency (DHA) and specifically included in the network provider agreement. 2.0 ISSUEWhat is the TRICARE-determined allowable charge? 3.0 POLICY3.1 The term "allowable charge" is the maximum amount TRICARE will authorize for medical and other health services furnished by physicians, medical groups, professional providers, independent laboratories, suppliers of ambulance services, and suppliers of Durable Medical Equipment, Prostheses, Orthotics, and Supplies (DMEPOS), etc. 3.2 The allowable charge is the lowest of: • The actual billed charge; • The prevailing charge (or amount derived from a conversion factor) made for a given procedure, adjusted to reflect local economic conditions; or • The maximum allowable charge. Maximum allowable charges are developed on a nationwide, non-specialty basis and are set at the 80th percentile of charges made for a given procedure during the base period. Non-specialty means that there is to be no distinction between types of physicians, although separate profiles are to be developed for different classes of providers, e.g., physicians and non-physicians. Maximum allowable charges will be adjusted to reflect local economic conditions through the application of Medicare Geographic Adjustment Factors. When no maximum allowable charge is available, a prevailing charge is to be developed for the state where a service or procedure is provided. Prevailing charges are those charges which fall within the range of charges that are most frequently used in a state for a particular procedure or service. The top of this range establishes an overall limitation on the charges which the contractor shall accept as allowable for a given procedure or service, except when unusual circumstances or medical complications warrant an additional charge. 3.2.1 Unless a specific exception has been made, prevailing profiles must be developed on a statewide basis. Localities within states are not to be used, nor are prevailing profiles to be developed for any area larger than individual states. 3.2.2 Prevailing profiles also are to be developed on a non-specialty basis. Of course, types of service are to be differentiated. For example, for a given surgical procedure the surgeon, assistant surgeon, and the anesthesiologist would all be reimbursed based on different profiles. However, reimbursement for the actual surgery would be based on only one profile, regardless of whether the surgery was performed by a specialist or a general surgeon. An exception to this rule is that when services are performed by different classes of providers; e.g., a physician vis-a-vis a nonphysician, separate profiles are to be developed for each class of provider. For example, there are three distinct classes of providers who render similar psychiatric services; psychiatrists, psychologists and others (medical social workers (MSWs), marriage and family counselors, pastoral counselors, mental health counselors, etc.). Moreover, two distinct classes of providers render obstetrical services; physicians and nurse midwives. Separate profiles are to be developed for each of the classes. Since a physician can render more comprehensive services than nonphysicians (and likewise for psychologists as opposed to MSWs) the profile for the lesser-qualified class of provider should never be higher than that for a higher-qualified class of provider. For example, in cases in which psychologists' profiles are higher than psychiatrists', the psychologists' profiles should be lowered to that of the psychiatrists' profiles. 3.2.3 When there are two or more procedures which are identical except for the amount of time involved (e.g., CPT procedures codes 90843 and 90844), the contractor is to ensure that the profile for the shorter procedure does not exceed the profile for the longer procedure. In those cases in which it does, the contractor is to reduce the profile for the shorter procedure to that of the longer procedure. 3.2.4 Calculating the Prevailing Charge. For any profile period, the prevailing profile in a state for a particular service or procedure must be calculated as the 80th percentile of all the actual charges made for that service or procedure. In this calculation, all actual charges for the service or procedure shall be arrayed in ascending order and the lowest charge which is high enough to include 80% of the cumulative charges is determined to be the prevailing charge.220.127.116.11 The proper procedure for establishing prevailing charges based on the 80th percentile is illustrated by the following example: Provider Charge Number Of Services A $12.00 13.00 15.00 21 16 35 B 12.00 13.50 17 65 C 11.00 13.00 15.00 3 54 11 D 12.00 32 E 12.50 13.50 18 22 Charge Number Of Services Number Of Services $11.00 3 3 12.00 70 73 12.50 18 91 13.00 70 161 13.50 87 248 15.00 46 294 18.104.22.168 In the above example, 80% of the total of 294 services equals 235.2 services. The prevailing charge is, therefore, the 236th charge or $13.50. Calculations of the 80th percentile are to be rounded to the next higher number of accumulative services. 220.127.116.11 To more accurately reflect prevailing charges in a state, a minimum of eight (8) charges must be used to establish a prevailing charge. 18.104.22.168 When it is necessary to establish charges through the use of price lists, these charges shall also be used to establish the required prevailing charge limits. In this regard, if a contractor cannot derive precise data on the frequency of services from its records, it may use any information it has about the volume of business done by various suppliers in its area in order to weight the charges used to calculate the prevailing charges. This information must be documented and retained for review. 220.127.116.11 A sales tax on any service or item covered is part of a beneficiary's medical expense for which he or she is responsible and for which he or she may receive reimbursement of the allowable charge after the cost-share and deductible is met. Therefore, the total charge for a service or item, including the sales tax, is the correct amount to use in the determination of the prevailing charge. For example, if a supplier charges $7 for a covered medical supply and 28 cents sales tax, the total charge of $7.28 is the amount to use in the determination of the prevailing charge for that supply.Note: When a provider has agreed to discount his or her normal billed charges, for the purpose of calculating the allowable charge the discounted fee shall be considered the provider's actual billed charge when the discounted amount is below the billed charge. 3.2.5 Annual update of state prevailing amounts, reference Section 3, paragraph 3.7.5. 3.3 The allowable profiles (CHAMPUS Maximum Allowable Charge (CMAC) files) will be updated at least once per year, and this will usually occur on February 1.Note: Prevailing charges were frozen at 1990 level during the period of January through October 6, 1991, consistent with Public Law 101-511, Section 8012. With the implementation of CMACs on May 1, 1992 (see Section 2), allowable professional charges other than CMACs were frozen for services on or after May 1, 1992. Frozen allowable charges include all TRICARE established prevailings and conversion factors for: ambulance services, anesthesia services1, DME, and supplies, oxygen and related supplies, etc. This means that contractors shall limit payment for these services to May 1, 1992, levels. For new services or procedure codes since May 1, 1992, the contractors shall establish an allowable charge or conversion factor using the TRICARE allowable methodology, freezing the new allowable charge or conversion factor from the date it is established. Effective October 1, 1997, Level II (HCPCS) shall have allowable charges established by cross-walking from existing allowable charges of DHA assigned codes. Effective with the 2012 CMAC update and subsequent CMAC updates, the provisions in Section 3, paragraph 3.7.5 regarding the annual update of state prevailing rates shall apply. For ambulance services provided on or after October 1, 2013, TRICARE adopts Medicare's Ambulance Fee Schedule (AFS) as the TRICARE CMAC for ambulance services (see Chapter 1, Section 14). - END - 1) Effective November 1, 1998, the pricing of anesthesia services were put under a reimbursement methodology found in Chapter 1, Section 9.


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Since the trans-continental railroad was completed in 1869, California's warm climate, abundant sunshine and varied landscape has attracted plein air painters. (See my post on Granville Redmond.)
Jennifer McChristian came from Montreal, Canada, where she was born and began her study of art, moved to California, and received her BFA from Otis Art Institute (now Otis College of Art and Design) in Los Angeles.
McChristian devotes herself largely to plein air painting. Though some of her paintings are of the fields and trees that are routinely subjects for plein air painters, she more often finds interest in urban scenes, streets, roadways and, interestingly, highway overpasses.
She applies her paint in brusque, unblended strokes of color, giving her work a feeling of immediacy and directness. The rough edged patches of paint form a textural component and are at times combined with scumbled areas.
She uses a bright, slightly "pushed" palette, that imparts a lively energy to subjects like boarded up gas stations, construction sites and highway underpasses, that might otherwise seem like dull subjects for paintings. She also revels in the geometry of these subjects, working their bulky forms and cast shadows into interesting compositions.
Her online gallery features landscapes, figures and works on paper. Clicking on an image produces a pop-up window with a larger image, and a convenient forward and back navigation within it, allowing you to move through the large images without returning to the smaller versions. Unfortunately, this is hampered by a script that annoyingly resizes the window for each image, a case of the designer defining and defending a design space at the expense of user experience.
You'll find slightly older works in the Archive section, showing a continued interest in the forms of bridges, culverts and overpasses.
Addendum: Thanks to Jason Waskey for reminding me that I neglected to mention Jennifer McChristian's blog, on which she posts larger images of her paintings (click on the ones in the blog posts for enlargements), as well as discussing some of her experiences while painting them on location.


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Just days before the movie's premiere, there's word that during the filming of director Peter Jackson's The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey as many as 27 animals used in its production died at the farm in New Zealand where they were housed.
Animal wranglers tell The Associated Press that there were "bluffs, sinkholes and other 'death traps' " at the farm. Three horses died, along with "six goats, six sheep and a dozen chickens."
The wire service adds that "wrangler Chris Langridge said he was hired as a horse trainer in November 2010, overseeing 50 or so horses, but immediately became concerned that the farm was full of 'death traps.' He said he tried to fill in some of the sinkholes, made by underground streams, and even brought in his own fences to keep the horses away from the most dangerous areas. Ultimately, he said, it was an impossible task. He said horses run at speeds of up to 30 mph and need to be housed on flat land: 'It's just a no-brainer.'
"The first horse to die, he said, was a miniature named Rainbow."
The American Humane Association, which says it "monitored all of the intense animal action in The Hobbit during May through November 2011 when the animal action scenes were filmed," adds that:
"In 2011 while filming was being conducted in New Zealand, the production company made us aware that some of the animal actors being used for the production had died while on a farm that was being used only as housing. None of the animals in question died during filming action or were being used as animal actors when they died. As our jurisdiction does not encompass off set activities, our on-set representative had not previously conducted a review of the farm. Nevertheless, after the deaths, upon the request by the production company, we traveled to the farm and conducted a thorough examination. We made safety recommendations to the animals' living areas. The production company followed our recommendations and upgraded fence and farm housing, among other things. Working together with the production company, we were able to increase safety for animals on the farm."
According to the AP, Jackson spokesman Matt Dravitzki "acknowledged that horses, goats, chickens and one sheep died at the farm near Wellington where about 150 animals were housed for the movies, but he said some of the deaths were from natural causes."
In response to the news, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals has launched an online petition to tell filmmakers "that hurting and killing animals for a film is unacceptable" and is urging movie fans to "refuse to see movies that do."
Jackson plans to film a Hobbit trilogy (as he did with Lord of the Rings).
An Unexpected Journey premieres Nov. 28 in New Zealand and opens in the U.S. and around the world next month.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Hi, this is tutorial of root Samsung Galaxy E7 SM E7000. This root guide is working on Samsung Galaxy E7 SM E7000 Android 4.4.4 KitKat. It is safe and easiest method for root Galaxy E7 SM E7000.
Samsung Galaxy E7 SM-E7000 has Brilliant 5.5 inch screen with HD resolution. This phone comes with superb build quality and innovative design. As per the benchmark test this Smartphone provide better performance than all other Smartphone when you are doing multitasking, playing games, watching videos and much more. But there is a small problem that present time lot of companies provide much better customizable user interface like cyanogen color, oxygen and many more but company gives Tochwiz user interface, which is older than other customizable user interface.
This phone now run on 4.4.4 KitKat and it will get Android Lollipop update very soon in future. Galaxy E7 come with preloaded themes and these are Basic, Classic, Craft, Natural and Sweet. Samsung Galaxy E7 SM-E7000 has two outstanding features first Super AMOLED display and second one unibody design, and it's make this phone very smoother and faster. If we talk on gaming of this phone then we find E7 performed very well. Samsung Galaxy E7 will get Android Lollipop update in future.
Must read: Tips of Hidden Secret Codes For Your Android Mobile
Galaxy E7 SM-E7000 has superb performance, So root Galaxy E7 SM E7000 because root allows for you to use a maximum of your phone without any restrictions. After root you will install custom apps, custom Rom and custom setting in your Smartphone. But first you read Root Advantage and Disadvantage by this post then follow these steps and root your phone.
Preparations of Root:
1. Take a backup of your phone.
2. Your phone battery should charge 80% minimum.
3. Make sure proper power backup of your PC.
We need download these tools for root Galaxy E7 SM E7000 process. If you have Samsung Galaxy E7 with diffrent variant then you must find your phone variant root guide click here because this guide is work only for Samsung Galaxy E7 SM-E7000.
File Name | Download link |
Samsung Galaxy E7 SM E7000 Odin Tool | Download |
Samsung Galaxy E7 SM E7000 USB Driver | Download |
Samsung Galaxy E7 SM E7000 CF-Auto-Root | Download |
Follow these steps to root Samsung Galaxy E7 SM E7000:
Step 1: Download and install your Phone USB driver on your PC and download Odin tool and CF-Auto-Root file and extract both file in a same folder.
Step 2: Now enable USB debugging mode on your Smartphone. Go to system settings then tap on Developer options and tap on USB debugging check box. ( If your phone have Android 4.2 or upper version then see how to enable Developer options here is guide of this Click here)
Step 3: Now we will go to Downloading Mode, So Switch off your phone. After then press and hold volume down key with Home key, while pressing these keys, then press and hold power button for a while and release all keys when you see ODIN Mode or Download Mode. see in this image.
Step 4: You will see a warning massage on your phone screen see in first image after then press Volume up key to continue or entering Download Mode. Now your phone entered in the Downloading Mode.
Step 5: Now double click on Odin.exe for run Odin tool and connect your device to PC via USB cable in Downloading Mode. When you connect your phone to PC then Odin tool detect your phone automatically and show COM port and give massage in massage box. See in this image.
Step 6: Now click on AP or PDA button in the Odin tool window and select CF-Auto-Root file. When you click on the PDA button Odin will ask you CF-Auto-Root file location, So browse it and select your CF-Auto-Root file from Odin folder or where you save this file.
Step 7: After select CF-Auto-Root file, c lick on Start button in the Odin tool.
Step 8: Now Root process start and it take few second to root Galaxy E7 SM E7000. When root process will complete, then you will see green box in the Odin. see in this image.
Step 9: In this process your phone automatically reboot and you will get a massage pass in the Odin tool window. Now disconnect your phone and start your phone then go to Application Menu where you will see SuperSU app. If you want check your phone is rooted or not, then use this app click here.
Must read: Best apps to watch movies & videos online on Android and iPhone
How to unroot Samsung Galaxy E7 SM E7000:
It is must for you to know, how to unroot Samsung Galaxy E7 SM E7000 phone. When you feel that you don't want rooted phone, then you can easily unroot your phone by un-install root app. Here is simple steps to unroot your device. You can also see unroot process in this image.
Step: First of all open Su App from your app menu and tap on Setting. Now scroll and find "Full Unroot" option and tap on it. that's all.
This is simple and easy root Samsung Galaxy E7 SM E7000 process for your device. I can try to make it easy and make all steps clear to understand and try to make image all step for you. If your feel any problem then please comment us. I try to best resolve your problem. Thanks and Credits : Chainfire


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This is the first episode from our new web series Making Minimalism, created by Matt D'Avella. Watch the entire series for free on YouTube.
About Making Minimalism
Creating our documentary, Minimalism, was simple, but not easy. A few years back we jumped in our tour bus (an old Toyota Corolla) and spoke with people around the country about how simple living had changed their lives.
Now, with Making Minimalism, we're deconstructing how we made the film from the very beginning. You'll get a look at never-before-seen footage as we detail all of our big wins, failures, breakthroughs, and discoveries.


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"[W]e are inclined to believe them to be produced by an evolution of the planet, just as on the Earth we have the English Channel and the Channel of Mozambique. [..]
Their singular aspect, and their being drawn with absolute geometrical precision, as if they were the work of rule or compass, has led some to see in them the work of intelligent beings."
[Giovanni Schiaparelli]
If we skip past some of the early contributors to our knowledge about the planet Mars -- Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus, Galileo, Brahe, Kepler, Maraldi, Huygens, Herschel, Schroeter and doubtless other astronomers, all sharing the common handicap of relatively poor visual equipment -- we arrive in the second half of the nineteenth century, when the telescope's quality of resolution had advanced sufficiently, allowing for observation (and therefore mapping) of the Martian landscape.
Chief among the early cartograhpers of Mars was Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835-1910), an Italian astronomer who worked at Brera Observatory in Milan for more than thirty years. In the late 1870s he produced an audaciously detailed map of Mars for which he had devised a nomenclature system to identify the newly discovered features. His system drew upon his knowledge of classical mythology, Greek and the Bible and thereby anointed the planet with "a set of romantic and wistfully evocative names".
The myopic and colour blind Schiaparelli (neither of which, in all seriousness, hampered his renown as a meticulously observant astronomer) included in his map -- which he continued to augment all through the 1880s, and which served as the cartographic authority on the Martian landscape in planetary astronomy for two decades -- linear features that he saw criss-crossing the surface of Mars, which he referred to as 'canali'. This Italian word translates to English as either 'channels' or 'canals', and although Schiaparelli was implying the more naturalistic descriptor, 'channels', somehow 'canals' became the accepted terminology.
Whether or not there was any relationship between the construction of the Suez Canal at about the same time -- a decidedly artificial project -- and the way in which these martian canals added fuel to the romantic notion of there being intelligent lifeforms on Mars, is a matter for speculation. Nevertheless, and without going much further into the details, Schiaparelli inadvertently generated a most newsworthy phenomenon. Writings by the emphatic protagonist for the life on Mars idea, Percival Lowell (last picture above), were sufficiently noteworthy at the time to (apparently) provide inspiration for one of HG Wells' science fiction books.
Schiaparelli's (in)famous 'canali' turned out to be a kind of optical illusion caused by interactions between light, dust clouds that form in the martian atmosphere, the orbital location and background interference from the planet's surface itself. If a sketch is made of something that wasn't really there but you believed it to be there at the time, can you call the result abstract art I wonder? I guess so.
- The Brera Observatory website, 'Le Mani su Marte', presents pictures of Schiaparelli's diaries as well as lithographs of his maps and sketches: the origin of the majority of the above images.
- I *think* the illustrations are taken from an 1890s publication by Schiaparelli titled 'La Vita Sul Pianeta Marte' - this is the text in Italian at Project Gutenberg. [correction: this is Schiaparelli's original 1895 publication but not the source of the images. See Paolo's comment below (he ought to know).]
- The best background to all of this is the 1996 book by William Sheehan called 'The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery' which has been posted online by the University of Arizona Press. It's definitely worthwhile reading at least the first few chapters.
- Biography of Schiaparelli at the Internet Encyclopedia of Science.
- The second last image above (from 1873) is by Étienne Trouvelot (remember Trouvelot??) from the Annals of the Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College.
- The two wikimedia images above come from the Mars wikipedia article.