text:
Product Overview
Product Description
Generic 2050 x 2050 R250mm Spa Pool Hard Cover (Charcoal)
Need help measuring your spa cover?
Download our helpful measurement sheet:
- Made by inserting two high strength polystyrene foam sheets into a vinyl outer.
- The bottom of the spa pool cover is made of chlorine resistant p.e. plastic to eliminate bleaching.
- The handles are internally strengthened.
- Foam cores are in heat sealed bags to stop water logging.
- The tie downs are strengthened and adjustable.
- The spa pool cover 8 locking mechanisms are fitted to limit access to the spa.
- We use proven u.v. resistant vinyl (proven over 17 years of use).
- Feature a strengthened central hinge for years of service.
- The internal foams are supported across the centre with an aluminium channel.
- Perimeter skirt 110mm, helps keep heat in and insulate dust and dirt.
- The internal foams have a 90 to 60mm taper to prevent ponding on the surface of the cover.
- Two year warranty.
Shape: Square
Length: 2050mm
Width: 2050mm
corner Radius: 250mm
Colour: Charcoal
Sold individually
Spa Cover FAQ's:
What is the life expectancy of a Spa Store spa cover?
Approximately 8 years subject to customer care.
Will a spa cover reduce my spas power use?
Spa pool hard covers have a thermal resistance (R) value of 2.28 and virtually eliminate evaporation. This enables hard covers to save up to 70% of the pool heating energy requirements.
Are the Spa Store spa hardcovers safe?
Spa Store spa covers are designed to prevent a small child accessing the pool. This only works if the locking devices are used.
What sized spas can be covered with a spa hardcover?
Most spas are under 2400mm x 2400mm square and are simple to cover. Larger covers can be made but may need modifications. Email us to discuss further.
Are there any spa shapes that can't be covered?
Spa Store hard spa covers can be custom fitted to almost all spas.
Does a spa hardcover exempt us from the legal requirements to fence?
Your local council is required by law to enforce the fencing of swimming pools act. All councils currently have different interpretations of the act so you will need to contact them directly to determine requirements in your area.
Does compliance to N.Z. safety standard NZ8500:2006 exempt us from the legal requirements to fence?
This is the intention but it hasn't happened yet. The standard was introduced in December 2006 and needs to be adopted by individual councils.


text:
Manual Chapter :
AS3 tenant name details
Applies To:
Show VersionsBIG-IQ Centralized Management
- 7.1.0
AS3 tenant name details
When AS3 deploys an application service to a managed device, it deploys to the tenant partition specified in the AS3 template on which the application service is based. As part of the deployment process AS3 removes any objects previously existing in that target partition on the managed device.
For example, if you had manually deployed a number of virtual servers to a partition named
on a BIG-IP named my.server.com
and then use AS3 to deploy an application service to that same partition and device, AS3 would remove the existing virtual servers and then deploy the application service. If you have deployed configuration objects to the devices that you plan to deploy AS3 application services, make sure the tenant names you specify are unique; that is, they don't match the names of any BIG-IP partitions to which you have deployed configuration objects. Best practice is to you select
for the tenant name, so you have the flexibility to revise the name when you use the template to deploy an application service.Another factor to consider when you specify the
for a template is that BIG-IQ uses the both the application name and the tenant name as identifiers to organize the application services it deploys to your managed devices. You cannot deploy two application services with the same name to the same device if those services use the same tenant name. For example, consider the following work flow. - Create a template namedAs3Service1and name the tenantTenant1.
- Leave theEditablecheck box cleared.
- Use the template to deploy an application service namedAppservice1to a managed device nameddevice1.mynet.com
With these settings, you could not use
to deploy another application service named Appservice1
to device1.mynet.com
. If for some reason you did want to deploy two application services with the same name to the same device, you have two choices:
- Use a second template that uses a different tenant name.
- Use the same template, but make the tenant name editable. Then when you create the second application, specify a different tenant name.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This two-piece African Print Curtain features blackout grommets with a tribal-style pattern that adds a unique aesthetic to any home. Perfect for bedrooms, living rooms, and other spaces requiring light-blocking.
Product Features
- Made of 100% polyester
- The curtains are light-shielding, UV-resistant and provide privacy.
- The width measurement includes the two piece curtain's
- Package includes two pieces of curtains with fabric weight: 265g/m²
- Perfect for window or everywhere it serves as a decorative & privacy purpose.
- Both functional and decorative.
- Product measurement is taken when products are laid flat. Actual product measurements may vary by up to 5cm.
Delivery Time
- This item will be processed within 7-15 business days (Excluding Weekends and Holidays).
- Once products ships it can take up to 15 Business days depending on your location.
- A tracking code/link will be emailed to you once your order has been processed and shipped Or you can Click the Track Order Menu on the website to Track your order.
- Accurate address and delivery information is required to ensure timely shipping and delivery.
- We are unable to redirect orders once they have shipped.
Out of Stock items can be requested by emailing us at email@example.com
Care Instructions
- Machine wash separately: cold with similar colors, do not bleach, tumble dry low, do not iron, do not dry clean.
Please note that there may be colour discrepancies/differences with the actual product received from the one displayed on your screen as we have no control over what type of screen colour mode being projected by your device models.


text:
Dad takes a cholesterol-lowering statin so he'll be around to see the kids grow up. But statins, like Lipitor and Zocor, as well as some other common adult prescription drugs are causing a rise in poisonings among children, a study says.
The big surprise is that children are at risk not just from opioid painkillers like Vicodin and OxyContin, which most parents know need to be kept away from kids.
Seemingly innocuous medications for high cholesterol, diabetes and angina are sending children and teenagers to the emergency room. The risk was highest for children 5 and younger, who might pick up a pill from the floor and try it.
Diabetes drugs and beta blockers caused the highest rate of emergency room visits, higher even than for opioids.
Diabetes pills, such as metformin or one of the sulfonylurea drugs, can cause seizures and death in someone who isn't diabetic.
And beta blockers, such as atenolol, lower heart rate and blood pressure. An adult dose of these can be especially dangerous for small children.
Nearly half of the children who went to the emergency room after taking diabetes drugs were hospitalized, as were almost one-third of those taking beta blockers.
These are the sort of drugs that parents, grandparents and visiting friends have with them daily, and that most adults wouldn't think of as dangerous.
This study was prompted by an alarming trend: Poisonings of children by medication rose by one-third between 2001 and 2008.
At the same time, the number of adults who took one or more prescription drug increased by 10 percent, according to a federal health survey.
So a group of emergency medicine doctors decided it was time to see if the two trends were related. They compared reports of childrens' exposure to or poisoning by common prescription medications from 2000 through 2009, leaving out medications like antidepressants which are prescribed to children, too.
The found that the increase in adult prescribing matched the increase in child exposures and poisonings. That effect was strongest with opioids.
Teenagers were the group most likely to be harmed, after small children, but their experiences were very different. Teens were most likely to get in trouble with opioids and statins.
Thirty percent of the teenagers who took statins and went to the ER suffered serious injury, as did 40 percent of the teens who took opioids. And while the young children took adult medicines by accident, teenagers took them on purpose, either to get high or in a suicide attempt.
"We need to reframe and rethink the policies around how to protect children from these exposures," Lindsey Burghardt, an emergency room doctor at Children's Hospital Boston who led the study, said in an email to Shots. It was publishedonline by the journal Pediatrics.
A 2-year-old who picks up a pill and tastes it needs different protections than a 14-year-old who's snitching Mom's OxyContin, Burghardt said. Keeping drugs off the counter may be enough to protect a toddler, while parents need to talk with teenagers about the dangers of taking medications not prescribed to them — and maybe locking the drugs up.
Earlier this year, an FDA panel recommended tighter restrictions on Vicodin and other opioids to reduce the risk of poisoning and overdose.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


text:
We're coming to the end of another Evil Week here at Lifehacker and, as usual, it's been loads of fun. Gaze into the face of evil with us for just a while longer, though. And whatever you do, don't let it see you blink.
Same drill as always, open-threaders: You can chat and ask questions with your fellow readers all week long at the #openthread hashtag page, but our weekly open thread post is your opportunity to reach the most people. Ask questions, offer advice, discuss productivity tips, or just chat about whatever's on your mind. You'll need a commenter account to participate, then you're ready to roll.
An extra reminder: If you're not quite satisfied with the interaction in the weekly open thread or in #tips, remember that you can also share your expertise every day on our Expert Pages.
Photo by alastc.


text:
Most websites you visit will use cookies to help customise your experience. Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. They are widely used in order to make websites work, or work more efficiently, as well as to provide information to the owners of the site.
For further reading on cookies you can visit AboutCookies.org
Use of cookies on our website
The table below explains the cookies we use and why.
Name | Format | Expires | Reason |
ckmsg | Numeric String | 6 months | Cookie message to user |
__utma | Numeric String | 2 years | Google Analytics |
__utmb | Numeric String | 30 minutes | Google Analytics |
__utmc | Alphanumeric String | Session | Google Analytics |
__utmz | Alphanumeric String | 6 months | Google Analytics |
__atuvc | Alphanumeric String | 2 years | Add This Share Widget |
Third party cookies
We sometimes embed content from different websites such as Add This and Twitter. Pages with this embedded content may present cookies from these websites. Similarly, when you use one of the share buttons on our website, a cookie may be set by the service you have chosen to share content through. You should check the relevant third party website for more information about these cookies.
How to manage cookies
If you wish to restrict, block or delete cookies from our website – or any other website – you can use your browser to do this. Each browser is different so check the 'Help' menu of your particular browser to learn how to change your cookie preferences.
Please bear in mind that if you do this, certain personalised features of this website cannot be provided to you.


text:
Diskusi Gamers Wilayah Kalimantan
Diskusi Gamers Wilayah Banjarmasin
Banjarmasin Lounge......
07-05-24, 20:54
There are no posts in this forum.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


text:
Fellers used
the Military Intelligence Code No11, together with substitution tables. The
codebreakers had a unit called Sezione Prelevamento (Extraction
Section). This unit entered embassies and consulates and copied cipher
material. In 1941 they were able to enter the US embassy in Rome and they
copied the MI Code No11. A copy was sent to their German Allies,
specifically the German High Command's deciphering department – OKW/Chi. The
Germans got a copy of the substitution tables from their Hungarian allies and
from December 1941 they were able to solve messages. Once the substitution
tables changed they could solve the new ones since they had the codebook and
they could take advantage of the standardized form of the reports. Messages
were solved till 29 June 1942 and they provided Rommel with so
much valuable information that he referred to Fellers as his 'good source'.
The British
realized that a US code was being read by the Germans when they, in turn,
decoded German messages containing information that could only have come from
the US officials in Egypt. The Americans however were not easily convinced that
their representative's codes had been 'broken' and it took them months before
they changed Colonel Fellers code.
The Germans
didn't know that the Brits had solved messages enciphered on their Enigma
machine and thus had different ideas about who betrayed their codebreaking
success. Wilhelm Flicke, who worked in the intercept department of OKW/Chi wrote
in TICOM
report DF-116-Z about this case:
During the
war there was stationed at the Vatican a diplomatic representative of the
U.S.A. who stood in radio communications with Washington like any other
ambassador or minister. In a radiogram sent to Washington in June 1942,
enciphered by means of a diplomatic code book, one could read of a conversation
which representative of the Vatican had had with an Italian of high position.
During this conversation the Italian had mentioned that the Germans could read
the most important cryptographic system of the American Military Attaché. The
American representative had learned this at the Vatican through a Vatican
official and was therefore warning the American War Department against any
further use of this cryptographic system.
Weisser (a
cryptanalyst of OKW/Chi) also said that it was the Italians who betrayed the
German success in his report TICOM I-201:
Did the
Germans have a reason to mistrust their Italian allies?
It seems that
the answer is yes. On July 24 1942 Leland B. Harrison, US ambassador to
Switzerland, sent a telegram to assistant secretary Gardiner
Howland Shaw (who was in charge of the State Departments cipher unit)
warning him that an Italian official had met with Harold Tittmann (US
representative to the Vatican) and had told him that the US diplomatic code
used by the embassy in Egypt was compromised.


text:
Encrypted Filesystem Support
Allow users to encrypt filesystems.
- Name: PeterJones, DavidZeuthen, KarstenHopp, FlorianLaRoche, DavidLehman, JeremyKatz
Current status
- Targeted release: Fedora 9
- Last updated: 2008-04-07
- Percentage of completion: 100%
- Encryption of partitions other than the root and boot partitions; see Bugzilla #197554
- Encryption of hotpluggable devices; see Linux Crypto that "Just Works"
- Encryption of swap partition; see Bugzilla #127378
- Encryption of the root partition; see Bugzilla #124789
- Encryption support in the installer: https://www.redhat.com/archives/anaconda-devel-list/2007-November/msg00066.html
- Rescue encrypted installations
- Keymap loading in initrd (see https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=429358)
- Ensure encryption is not dependent on device names (/etc/crypttab must support luksUUID's); see Bugzilla #242078
Must Fix
- RTL-ness of passphrase entry in anaconda (see https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=429614)
Should Fix
- Suspending and resuming using an encrypted swap partition; see Bugzilla #247794
Detailed Description
Support the use of encrypted filesystems for anything other than /boot using cryptsetup and LUKS. This includes install time creation/configuration, as well as integrated support in mkinitrd and initscripts (others?). Currently we are only pursuing support for encrypted devices using cryptsetup/LUKS.
Benefit to Fedora
Users get the added security of having their personal data encrypted. This is of particular importance for laptop users.
The following packages must be modified:
- Anaconda must support installing the OS onto an encrypted root filesystem
- Mkinitrd must support creating an initrd that is able to unlock and boot using an encrypted root filesystem; see Bugzilla #124789
- Very early in the boot process, some tool provide an internationalized prompt for an encryption key; see this mailing list thread and note that the better startup effort may provide the ability to implement this
- Mkinitrd's grubby must be able to deal with encrypted partitions; see Bugzilla #124789
Test Plan
- Verify that encrypted filesystems keep working when device names change
- Verify that encrypted swap works
- Verify that encrypted root works
- Root on partition
- Root on logical volume
- Root on software RAID device
- Boot process and key on removable device
- Verify that a system with an encrypted root and swap can resume after suspend to disk
- Verify that all of above can be configured at install time
- Verify that encryped hotpluggable devices work
- Verify that passwords entered on non-US keyboards during install (or when system up) work at boot time (I can test on the following, add yours and your name in brackets)
- DE (AndreasThienemann)
- SE (Patrick Ernzer)
- fails on F9 alpha, see Bugzilla #429358
- Verify that rescue of encrypted installs work
User Experience
Santiago wants to protect the personal data on his laptop from physical theft.
Taru works in an IT department that supports laptops. She wants to be able to deploy a Fedora installation with encrypted root, swap and home partitions.
Several bugs have been referenced above. (current status)
Contingency Plan
Disable the encrypted device support code in anaconda.
- Red Hat Magazine has details about the work done within the Fedora Project to support encrypted disks.
- a HOWTO about creating an encrypted Physical Volume (PV) using a second hard drive and pvmove
- example setup: http://kbase.redhat.com/faq/FAQ_96_7091.shtm
- FC5 and FC6 example setup: http://linux.ioerror.us/2006/09/encrypting-your-root-partition-on-fedora-core-5/
- Discussion about F7/F8 integration and the corresponding HOWTO
- The use of per-user encrypted home directories that are mounted with a user's login password is documented in Implementing Encrypted Home Directories
- The Encryption and Privacy Guide has a description how to setup encryption for home directories
man 5 crypttab
Release Notes
Installing to encrypted volumes (including the root) should now be supported. There is no configuration tool for adding/removing keys from volumes at a later time or otherwise doing modification of the encryption.
There are several potential techniques for obtaining a root filesystem key. These techniques include:
1. Nash can prompt for the password. 2. Both the key and boot partition can exist on a removable USB device; see Bugzilla #124789, Comment #58 and Linux Journal's Encrypt Your Root Filesystem . 3. Nash can prompt for a password that is used to unlock a certificate containing the key to use. 4. The key can be secured with using a TPM chip. This raises the problem of dealing with a TPM chip that breaks. Also, an alternate technique must be provided that does not require TPM hardware.
Note that it may be possible to store keys for non-root encrypted filesystems on an encrypted root filesystems. This ensures that a user only needs to enter one key to unlock any number of encrypted filesystems. The /etc/crypttab support in Fedora already supports this.
Sophisticated Key Management
Not neccesary for first implementation but aspects to keep in mind while designing the first implementation.
Empiric rules (obeying them makes life easier in the long run):
- Use X.509 certificate-chains: so e.g. unlocking the master-cert for a specific platform (i.e. computer) with a passphrase unlocks all certs for each specific device and hence the devices themselves.
- Experience shows that a four layered approach is best balanced between expandability and complexity: e.g. organisation -> class of platforms (servers, desktop PCs, laptops etc.) -> specific platform (i.e. computer) -> specific device (e.g. hda1).
- Do not mix cert-/key-chains for persons and cert-/key-chains for hardware:
- The former can be utilising a SmartCard
- The latter can be utilising a TPM
- Keep user-keyspace and platform-keyspace strictly separated and clearly define linking between the two, if neccesary.
- Experience shows a three or four layered approach is balanced between expandability and complexity for personal keys as well: e.g. organisation -> class of persons (admins, users, special users) -> specific person.
- The organisation cerificate can be the same for both certificate chains, creating a bi-parted 4/3 layered certificate tree with a shared root.
- The organisation cerificate can be either issued by a mini-CA running in the organisation or by an official CA.
- In the end it is sufficient to be able to use certificates/keys provided by some crypto infrastructure based on e.g. smartcards, TPM etc. satisfying above needs.
Corporate and Government Use
The ability to create and use encrypted partitions, logical volumes and filesystems during installation (i.e., to encrypt everything but /boot) eases creating a fully enrypted OS installation. This is important for many notebook users. In some environments encryption is mandatory.
Of note, the U.S. Government seems interested in widespread use of encrypted disks on laptops. See Protection of Sensitive Agency Information and U.S. Government Contracts 10 Vendors to Secure Mobile Data .
Cryptographic Filesystem Techniques
Preferred Technique
- dm-crypt adds a crypto target to the device-mapper that provides transparent encryption of block devices using the new Linux 2.6 cryptoapi. dm-crypt doesn't seem to be the right choice when it comes to encryption of home directories on multi-user systems as each user would need his own partition in order to get it encrypted with his own password. Although it is possible to use several different passwords for the same partition with cryptsetup-luks, each password unlocks the whole partition and not only this users files.
After getting input from our sales and consulting teams dm-crypt is the preferred encryption method. Different encryption for each users homedirs on server machines isn't required as access to others users homedirs can be restricted by setting permissions, acls and so on. dm-crypt can do everything that's required on single user systems such as laptops.
Other Techniques
- eCryptFS is a native Linux filesystem. eCryptFS stores cryptographic metadata in the header of each file written, so that encrypted files can be copied between hosts. It is possible to bind-mount existing directories with distinct passwords to different directories. Users can see each others files in these directories, but as they used different passwords the others files keep encrypted. As eCryptFS uses the stacked filesystems interface it can be used on NFS mounts as well as on local partitions or directories.
- EncFS provides an encrypted filesystem in user-space by using FUSE. fuse-encfs packages are in F7.
- Red Hat Magazine on EncFS: http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/RedHatMagazine/~3/124593282/
- FUSE isn't a cryptographic filesystem but it makes it possible to implement a fully functional filesystem in a userspace program.
- Some Laptop manufacturers offer Laptops with encrypted harddisks. This is done in BIOS and maybe some additional hardware. The disadvantage is that the used crypt algorithms are mostly unknown and might be insecure. Another disadvantage is that you can't use the harddisk in another laptop (p.e. if the laptop is replaced/broken) of different brand.
- Here is an example why trusting hardware encryption might not always be such a good idea.
- Seth Vidal has written about Poly-instantiated (Per-User) Temporary Directories
- http://feraga.com/comment/reply/30/174 describes how to reference partitions in /etc/crypttab with UUIDs instead of hardcoded device names
- Karel Zak wrote a patch to support cryptsetup directly with mount/swapon/swapoff. It doesn't look like mount can find encrypted devices by their luks-UUID with this patch.
- A patch for e2fsprogs-1.39 which adds support of LUKS-UUIDs to libblkid. (Included in e2fsprogs-1.40)
- Support for removable, encrypted disks in HAL: Adding encryption support to HAL, https://www.redhat.com/magazine/012oct05/features/hal/ http://lists.freedesktop.org/pipermail/hal/2004-December/001416.html
- http://wiki.blagblagblag.org/Encrypting_Root_Filesystem describes how to set up an encrypted root filesystem where grub, the bootimages and the gpg protected key are on a USB stick. This can be easily modified for /boot on the harddisk.
- Red Hat Knowledge Base: http://kbase.redhat.com/faq/FAQ_96_7091.shtm
- http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Releases/FeatureBetterStartup is about mode-setting in the kernel and getting a polished and professional looking graphical boot sequence. This needs support for entering a password for the filesystem.
- Tomshardware did some benchmarks with LUKS, CryptoFS and EncFS and it turned out that LUKS outperformes the FUSE filesystems by a fair margin: http://www.tomshardware.com/2006/08/18/locking_up_linux-creating_a_cryptobook/index.html
- Ubuntu 7.10 Supports Install-Time Encryption: http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=873&num=1
- As one of the usage cases is an IT department rollout, this feature should offer easy integration for using a company/department key in addition to the individual key. An employee might otherwise knowingly or unknowingly encrypt company data that would be inaccessible to the owner of the system.
- pam_mount is the quite certainly required pam module to encrypt the partition on login (gdm, kdm, ssh, shell, etc.) via the general user login password. The only real situation where it does not work seems to be ssh-pubkey-authentication.
Many thanks to Florian v. Samson, BSI for the excellent input.


text:
Website design is now more than just tossing up some HTML pages and expecting that visitors will find your site and call you. On average, 35,000 new domain names are registered every day. Competition is growing, and if your site isn't adapting, you'll be crowded out. If you don't have a site, you're missing out one of the most important marketing and advertising tools around.
At seowaukeshawebdesign.com, we combine contemporary design techniques, technical know-how, SEO, Internet marketing experience and business savvy to create websites that get noticed. While some firms focus on only of these areas, our powerful combination of technology and business strategy yields impressive results for our clients.
Whether you need a brand new site, renovation of an existing site, or improved search engine ranking and traffic, we've have you covered. Our core services include:
When it's done right, you might be surprised at how well your Website can work for your organization. Contact us today to find out how we can stack the deck in your favor!


text:
Keeping the post really short today. Whether it's in a 5 man, a 10 man, or a 25 man, I'm curious as to under what circumstances your raid leaders call a wipe.
Does it ever frustrate you when your raid leaders do?
Does it annoy you when they should and don't?
For the raid leaders, does farm versus progression content impact the times you call wipes?
I've called snap wipes when we lose 2-3 people in the opening minute of a fight. I've called for a continual push even when we were down a half raid.
What's your take?


text: Andy Irvine is quickly achieving the status of folk legend, having already been hailed as a folk hero. It's Andy's turn for heroes, however, as he tells the stories, in song, of his own heroes through history -- heroes like Raoul Wallenberg, who saved thousands of Hungarian Jews from the Nazi death camps, and James Connolly, famous Irish labor leader who was severely wounded during the uprising of 1916 and subsequently executed, and of course, Woody Guthrie himself. Featuring such artists as Davy Spillane and Arty McGlynn, Rude Awakening ranks as the most eloquent album of 1991, if not the decade.


text:
limits the amount of CPU time spent on a computation
Calling Sequence
Thread Safety
timelimit(t, x)
time limit in seconds
The timelimit function evaluates the expression x, but gives up if the evaluation takes longer than the number of seconds specified by t.
Note: In some cases, the execution may not abort at exactly the time limit imposed, but will abort as soon as it can do so safely. This can happen when execution is in critical sections of certain built-in routines.
If the expression is successfully evaluated within the specified time, timelimit returns the value of the expression. If the time limit is reached before the expression is evaluated, timelimit generates the error `time expired`.
The `time expired` error may be caught by a try...catch construct, so long as the try...catch is at a higher level than the call to timelimit. Lower level try...catch constructs (that is, those executed by the expression that is being time-limited) will not catch `time expired`, since to do so would make it impossible to time-limit something which catches exceptions.
The time limit can be specified to the nearest 1/100th of a second, although the actual time allowed can vary by more than that, depending on the underlying architecture, and the Maple operation taking place at the time that the limit expires.
Nested calls to timelimit are allowed, however all time limits are considered to be in effect. Thus an inner call to timelimit will not override the time limit set by an outer call. In addition the `time expired` exception can only be caught outside of the call to timelimit which imposed the limit that expired.
If a nested call to timelimit sets the same limit as an outer call, the outer limit will be treated as the expiring limit.
The timelimit function cannot be used to limit the time of computations within evalhf.
If timelimit is called with a limit of -1, the operation will never time out. Calling timelimit with any other values less than zero will result in an error.
The maximum specifiable time limit is somewhat session dependent, but is usually around 2^24 seconds. To specify a higher time limit value, -1 should be used.
The timelimit command is thread-safe as of Maple 15.
For more information on thread safety, see index/threadsafe.
f := proc() global i; for i to 200000 do 2^i end do end proc:
Error, (in f) time expired
See Also
Download Help Document


text:
Rock's 30 Creepiest Songs
There's a chill in the air, the sun sets early and an icy wind blows through bare tree branches. Halloween looms. With spooky season upon us, now is the perfect time to consider some of rock's most terror-inducing tracks — songs with spine-chilling lyrics that tell tall tales of ghosts and goblins, or, creepier still, songs that recount real-life blood and gore. From serial killers to scary monsters, the below list of 30 Creepiest Rock Songs should suit all of your Halloween playlist needs. Forget "Monster Mash," these tracks are not for the faint of heart. Read on, if you dare ...
30. "Rime of the Ancient Mariner," Iron Maiden (from 1984's Powerslave)
Iron Maiden's first (and best) epic derives its lyrics from Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 1798 poem of the same name, a cautionary tale about a sailor who kills an albatross perceived as a good omen and quickly suffers the consequences. Equally majestic and virtuosic, the 14-minute "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" finds Iron Maiden shifting through multiple movements, anchored by Steve Harris and Nicko McBrain's throttling rhythms and Dave Murray and Adrian Smith's stabbing, harmonized riffs and solos. Bruce Dickinson shifts between a full-throated wail and ominous croon, ratcheting up the suspense and dread in the song's eerie midsection. He summed up the eminently creepy song while introducing it on 1985's Live After Death album: "And the moral of this story is, this is what not to do if a bird shits on you." (Bryan Rolli)
29. "Nebraska," Bruce Springsteen (from 1982's Nebraska)
Bruce Springsteen's "Nebraska" starts out innocently enough, as a lonesome-sounding harmonica part opens the song and album of the same name. He then begins describing a girl twirling a baton on her front lawn, from the perspective of 19-year-old Charles Starkweather – a real-life serial killer from Nebraska who murdered 10 people with his 14-year-old girlfriend between December 1957 and January 1958. The couple was eventually caught and convicted; Starkweather was executed the following year in the electric chair. (The case has since been widely studied by criminologists and psychologists seeking to understand more about serial killers and what motivates their actions.) The creepiest part of "Nebraska," however, may not be the gruesome acts themselves, but the lack of remorse the narrator expresses: "I can't say that I'm sorry for the things that we done / At least for a little while, sir, me and her we had us some fun." (Allison Rapp)
28. "Boris the Spider," The Who (from 1966's A Quick One)
Quite possibly one of the quirkiest songs in the Who catalog, "Boris the Spider" fuses the musical feeling of a spaghetti western with the sinister, yet potentially innocent adventures of an everyday arachnid. One of the first songwriting contributions bassist John Entwistle made to the Who grew out of a night at the pub with Rolling Stones bassist Bill Wyman. "Boris the Spider" quickly became a fan favorite in the years that followed. Lyrically, the track details Boris' travels around the room, while pondering whether the creature is similarly frightened or has malicious intent. One of the best parts of "Boris the Spider" is how Entwistle adopts a delightfully ominous tone each time he says the title character's name. Alas, the arachnid would not survive the song, meeting his end with a heavy book as the deadly weapon. (Matt Wardlaw)
27. "Night Prowler," AC/DC (from 1979's Highway to Hell)
The horrific real-world crimes of Richard "Night Stalker" Ramirez attached a very real dread to "Night Prowler" that far outstrips AC/DC's original intent. "The song is not called 'Night Stalker,' it's called 'Night Prowler,'" guitarist Malcolm Young later explained on VH1's Behind the Music. "It's about things you used to do when you were a kid, like sneaking into a girlfriend's room when her parents were asleep." Then the California-based mid-'80s serial killer was revealed to be a big AC/DC fan. He even left a hat with the band's logo behind at the scene of one of his numerous crimes. After that, the media bent over backwards to connect AC/DC to Ramirez. The controversy led to some canceled concerts, and earned them the wrath of the PMRC. Singer Brian Johnson wasn't in the lineup when AC/DC recorded "Night Prowler," but was still repulsed. "It just sickens you, you know," he told VH1. "It sickens you to have anything to do with that kind of thing." (Matthew Wilkening)
26. "Closer," Nine Inch Nails (from 1994's The Downward Spiral)
The famous chorus to "Closer" naturally garners most people's attention, but the song's true creepiness lies deeper within its structure. This classic Nine Inch Nails tune is built upon a pulsating rhythm, coupled with otherworldly studio synth sounds created by Trent Reznor. His vocals deviate in volume, at times sounding like a tormented whisper, at other points exploding with rage. The entire tune has a raw and primitive feeling, which is only enhanced by the haunting – and at times, graphic – music video. (Corey Irwin)
25. "Cold Ethyl," Alice Cooper (from 1975's Welcome to My Nightmare)
How could Alice Cooper shock and anger advice columnist Ann Landers with a song in which he sincerely pledges to love his woman even if he lives until he's 97? Well, it would probably help to know the subject of 1975's "Cold Ethyl" is deceased, right? "For those who don't know what necrophilia is, it's sexual intercourse with someone who is dead," Landers helpfully explained to readers of her syndicated column. Cooper defended "Cold Ethyl" as "satire, done with a sense of humor" following her first public critique of his lyrics. Landers replied: "You can call it funny if you want to, Alice. I call it sick." Still, Cooper refused to apologize: "Kids know I am harmless. It's their parents who think I'm a monster." (Wilkening)
24. "Die, Die My Darling," Misfits (1984 single)
Like a lightning bolt jolting Frankenstein's monster to life, the Misfits' "Die, Die My Darling" strikes with unexplainable intensity. Inspired by the 1965 British horror film, the frantic punk-rock tune brims with energy and intensity. Frontman Glenn Danzig screams lines like "Die, die, die my darling, just shut your pretty mouth. I'll be seeing you again, I'll be seeing you in Hell" over a churning back beat and a blitzkrieg of guitars. It's intense, chaotic and powerful – everything you'd expect from the Misfits. (Irwin)
23. "Dead Babies," Alice Cooper (from 1971's Killer)
Sometimes the scariest thing can be facing harsh truths. Alice Cooper did exactly that, holding a mirror up to society, specifically absentee parents, with the 1971 track "Dead Babies." The tune tells the story of Little Betty, a child who overdoses and dies because her parents are too engrossed in their own devious lives to care for their daughter. Such subject matter was very controversial, with some sections of the public using "Dead Babies" as yet another reason why Alice Cooper needed to be banned. Of course, the group didn't make things better when they performed the song in concert, as their namesake frontman tore apart baby tolls and flung their pieces into the crowd. (Irwin)
22. "One of These Days," Pink Floyd (from 1971's Meddle)
There is nothing comforting about Pink Floyd's "One of These Days," which begins with a stretch of total silence that slowly gives way to howling wind and a pulsating bass line. The bass riff was created using quarter notes played through a delay unit, which resulted in an eerie echoing pattern. "One of These Days" features not one but two bass-guitar parts, with the second bass sounding a bit duller because Pink Floyd did not have access to a set of better strings for the spare bass. Only one, muddy lyric can be heard in the song, recorded using ring modulation and slowed down to a spine-chilling speed. It's a rare vocal performance by drummer Nick Mason: "One of these days, I'm going to cut you into little pieces." (Rapp)
21. "Feed My Frankenstein," Alice Cooper (1992 single)
"Feed My Frankenstein" presents a kitschier, family-friendlier version of Alice Cooper than the gallows-humor shock-rocker of the '70s, but it's still an enormously catchy pop-metal anthem and worthy successor to the 1989 comeback single "Poison." Originally written by British rockers Zodiac Mindwarp and the Love Reaction, "Frankenstein" features several so-bad-they're-good one-liners ("I'm a hungry man, but I don't want pizza") and a slew of A-list guest musicians, including Motley Crue bassist Nikki Sixx and guitar heroes Steve Vai and Joe Satriani. "Feed My Frankenstein" features in Cooper's gut-busting Wayne's World cameo and remains a focal point of his live shows, as he unleashes a massive monster during the instrumental break. (Rolli)
20. "The Ripper," Judas Priest (from 1976's Sad Wings of Destiny)
After their 1974 debut Rocka Rolla landed with a thud, Judas Priest came into their own on 1976's Sad Wings of Destiny. The LP abounds with Glenn Tipton and K.K. Downing's diamond-hard riffs and harmonized leads, and Rob Halford commands listeners' awe with his glass-shattering banshee wail. All these elements are on display on Sad Wings highlight "The Ripper," a cautionary tale about turning one's back on infamous London serial killer Jack the Ripper. Sad Wings' dynamic songwriting and epic storytelling established Judas Priest as one of the foremost heavy metal bands of the era, and "The Ripper" even inspired the nickname of Halford's '90s replacement Tim "Ripper" Owens. (Rolli)
19. "One," Metallica (from 1988's ...And Justice for All)
The idea for "One" arose out of a thought that James Hetfield had about someone who exists in a state of living consciousness – but with no means of communication. He expanded on that concept after band manager Cliff Burnstein noted that Dalton Trumbo's Johnny Got His Gun had a structure similar to their developing story. They incorporated footage from the book's movie adaptation into the cinematic video for "One," Metallica's first in that medium. The dark tone and length of the song seemed prohibitive to getting any sort of airplay on radio or MTV. But "One" broke a lot of ground over its 7:26 runtime. (The video was closer to eight minutes.) In some ways, the intensity of this storyline set the stage quite well for the later arrival of "Enter Sandman." (Wardlaw)
18. "Gallows Pole," Led Zeppelin (from 1970's Led Zeppelin III)
The grim history of "Gallow's Pole" can be traced back to the late 19th century. A number of versions of the traditional folk song, often referred to as "The Maid Freed From the Gallows," have appeared in various forms. One of the earliest American recordings arrived in 1939 from Lead Belly, a noted blues influence for Led Zeppelin. Lead Belly's version was released under the title "The Gallis Pole," but the core story has always remained the same: an individual spends his final moments futilely pleading for mercy from the hangman: "What did you bring me my dear friends to keep me from the gallows pole?" In Led Zeppelin's version, the sense of urgency deepens as the song's tempo gradually speeds up. In the end, the hangman simply goes about his business. "Now I laugh and pull so hard, and see you swinging on the gallows pole." (Rapp)
17. "Devil Inside," INXS (from 1987's Kick)
For centuries, art has been inspired by the internal concept of good vs evil – a battle that's often been imagined as a devil on one shoulder with an angel on the other. It's that dichotomy that frontman Michael Hutchence channels on INXS' 1988 hit "Devil Inside." "I was on a God and the Devil phase there," Hutchence explained in Classic Albums. "I suppose it's to do with the chaos of everything, you know? And we can put it into religious terms, I suppose. The Devil is chaotic. So that every time you think something's right, he comes in and changes everything." With its sinister synth line and menacing guitar part, "Devil Inside" certainly feels like a tune Beelzebub could get behind. (Irwin)
16. "Mr. Crowley," Ozzy Osbourne (from 1980's Blizzard of Ozz)
Ozzy Osbourne had been swatting away allegations of Satanism for more than a decade by the time he released Blizzard of Ozz, so it only made sense for him to include an ode to English occultist and ceremonial magician Aleister Crowley on his debut solo LP. The song oozes creepiness thanks to Don Airey's haunting keyboard solo and Osbourne's droning vocals, but the real showstoppers are a pair of dizzying neoclassical guitar solos from Randy Rhoads. The live version of "Mr. Crowley" on 1987's Tribute takes the song to even more grandiose heights with a dirge-like tempo, an extended outro solo and Osbourne's occasional impassioned voice cracks — the sounds of a man coming face-to-face with eternal judgment. (Rolli)
15. "Lullaby," The Cure (from 1989's Disintegration)
Songs like "Lullaby" moved an exec from Elektra, the Cure's U.S. label, to deem Disintegration "'willfully obscure,' which was an actual quote from the letter," frontman Robert Smith later remembered. Had he taken inspiration from past struggles with drugs? From scary bedtime stories his father once told? It was never made clear. Yet this somehow became the Cure's highest-charting single in the U.K. Asked by an earnest fan if he was drunk during a subsequent performance of "Lullaby" on Top of the Pops, Smith had a more definitive response: "Yes!!" (Nick DeRiso)
14. "The End," The Doors (from 1967's The Doors)
"The End," not surprisingly, began as a "goodbye song," according to frontman Jim Morrison. Then it became something that was confusing – even to him. Morrison admitted that once he heard the final version, the song took on a different meaning each time he heard it. "I really don't know what I was trying to say," he told Rolling Stone in 1969. A true rock 'n' roll poet, Morrison relished the improvisational space that a song like "The End" encouraged, and the sprawling storyline offered plenty of room. While it was nearly 12 minutes on record, he and the Door might extend the song to more like 20 minutes in the concert setting. Along the way, "The End" also taught Morrison an important lesson: He learned how closely fans were analyzing his songs, which made him ponder the consequences of his songwriting. (Wardlaw)
13. "The Number of the Beast," Iron Maiden (from 1982's The Number of the Beast)
The title track off Iron Maiden's third album (and first with Bruce Dickinson) gets off to a bone-chilling start with a recitation from the Book of Revelation by actor Barry Clayton. (He got the gig because Vincent Price was too expensive.) Dickinson cues the band with a bloodcurdling wail — born out of frustration with producer Martin Birch forcing him to sing the intro repeatedly for hours — and Iron Maiden is off to the races with sprightly riffs, limber grooves and solos that blaze like hellfire. Religious fanatics protested "The Number of the Beast" en masse, but the song isn't an endorsement of Satanism. Instead, it's a cautionary tale for those who succumb to evil — and that's much more terrifying. (Rolli)
12. "Pet Sematary," Ramones (from 1989's Brain Drain)
So, we know that the Ramones recorded a song for the 1989 film adaptation of Stephen King's Pet Sematary. We know that it somehow became their biggest rock-radio hit, with a video featuring guest stars from Blondie. What's unclear is how any of it came to be. Marky Ramone's memoir detailed a 1982 dinner held in King's basement in Bangor, Maine, where the famous horror writer handed Dee Dee Ramone a copy of the book. Inspired, Dee Dee was then said to have banged out "Pet Sematary" in less than an hour. Except Marky was out of the band in February 1982, and Pet Sematary didn't publish until that November. King confirms that they met once – but at a local restaurant, and the book was never discussed. Still, he clearly understood the power of creative license: "I said to my publisher, 'This story about them coming to my house is total bullshit,'" King later told Rolling Stone. "But I also said, 'Don't change a fucking word.'" (DeRiso)
11. "Shout at the Devil," Motley Crue (from 1983's Shout at the Devil)
Nikki Sixx became enamored with occult practices and Satanic symbolism around the time Motley Crue made their second album, which Sixx originally wanted to call Shout With the Devil. He evidently came a little close to the sun with these occult flirtations, as A&R man Tom Zutaut once witnessed objects flying around Sixx's apartment. "There is no more 'Shout With the Devil,'" Zutaut told Sixx. "If you keep shouting with the devil, you're going to get killed." Thankfully, the album's title track sacrificed none of its vigor with the name change, and its steely riffs, lumbering grooves and frantic, piercing vocals make it both a Motley classic and high-water mark of the '80s glam-metal zeitgeist. (Rolli)
10. "Witchy Woman," Eagles (from 1972's Eagles)
With her raven hair and ruby lips, accessorized by the sparks that fly from her fingertips, you'll hardly want to cross the "Witchy Woman." Don Henley later revealed that this song's inspiration was a mixture of a number of people, mainly author Zelda Fitzgerald, who had wrestled with what was initially perceived as schizophrenia. Henley learned of her ordeal in a biography and penned the track with Bernie Leadon, who had a "strange minor key riff" which had a "haunting quality" that Henley felt was perfect, he said in liner notes from The Very Best of the Eagles. Henley's own condition colored the process: He was feverish and noted that he experienced periods of delirium while writing the bulk of the lyrics. (Wardlaw)
9. "Psycho Killer," Talking Heads (from 1977's Talking Heads:77)
Talking Heads originally recorded this as an even weirder ballad – with cello accompaniment? really? – before tearing "Psycho Killer" down to its skeletal, bass-driven core. Blame for the strings-laden misfire goes in part to original co-producer Tony Bongiovi, who also reportedly encouraged David Byrne to record his vocal while holding a carving knife. Byrne politely declined and Talking Heads continued the track's long gestation, which actually dated back to their pre-Jerry Harrison band, the Artistics. The wait was worth it. "Psycho Killer" arrived in the wake of the so-called Son of Sam murders, giving voice to a terrifying period in which David Berkowitz ultimately confessed to killing eight people in New York City. Meanwhile, Bongiovi later had far more success while helping to launch cousin Jon Bon Jovi's career – sans cello, of course. (DeRiso)
8. "Bark at the Moon," Ozzy Osbourne (from 1983's Bark at the Moon)
The tragic death of guitarist and songwriting partner Randy Rhoads forced Ozzy Osbourne to start from scratch just two years after launching a successful solo career following his unceremonious dismissal from Black Sabbath. New collaborator Jake E. Lee announced himself with authority via the blistering riff of their first single together, the werewolf-themed "Bark at the Moon." In case the song's lyrics weren't creepy enough, Osbourne hired horror movie-effects wizard Rick Baker to transform himself into a monster for the song's Jekyll and Hyde-inspired music video. (Wilkening)
7. "Season of the Witch," Donovan (from 1966's Sunshine Superman)
By Donovan's third album, the Scottish singer-songwriter was deep into moving his folk music into more psychedelic territory in songs like "Celeste" and Sunshine Superman's title track. But he started Side Two with a song that took elements of both genres and formed them into something heavier and with way more menace. "When I look in my window / So many different people to be / They're strange, so strange," Donovan sings as the music around him gets more intense until he's going on about some unforeseen doom headed our way. The title has since been used in several movies, books and TV shows – some scarier than others. (Michael Gallucci)
6. "Careful With That Axe, Eugene," Pink Floyd (from 1969's Ummagumma)
Pink Floyd surfaced from the Syd Barrett era in shambles. His disintegrating personal and professional life had led the group into a similarly misshaped musical place. "The leader figure was falling apart," new member David Gilmour later told Rolling Stone, "and so was the band." The pathway out was paved with dynamic, more thoughtfully structured songs like "Careful With That Axe, Eugene," a 1968 instrumental b-side that would become a live staple during this transitional period. It's not classic Pink Floyd, not yet. In fact, Nick Mason later dismissed the song's formulation as nothing more than "quiet, loud, quiet, loud again." Still, without "Careful With That Axe, Eugene," those other triumphs would never have emerged. (DeRiso)
5. "Enter Sandman," Metallica (from 1991's Metallica)
Kids are creepy. Think of the "Freddy's Coming For You" children's rhyme from the Nightmare on Elm Street film series or, frankly, the marketing campaigns for most of horror movies. There's something deeply ominous about a child's perspective imposed on a dark subject matter, and it's this ingredient that Metallica harnesses on their classic hit "Enter Sandman." Frontman James Hetfield was trying to tap into a "mental thing where this kid gets manipulated by what adults say," he told Uncut in 2007. He proceeded to conjure the stuff of nightmares, including "Dreams of war, dreams of liars, dreams of dragons' fire." The creepiness hits its high point roughly 3:25 into the song, when Hetfield and a child-like voice trade verses on a traditional nighttime prayer. (Irwin)
4. "Sympathy for the Devil," The Rolling Stones (from 1968's Beggars Banquet)
The trouble with any accounting of humanity's various atrocities is that terrible things just keep happening. Ask the Rolling Stones. Sung from the point of the view of Satan, "Sympathy for the Devil" takes us through the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, the Crusades, the Russian Revolution and World War II before bringing us to the then-recent assassination of President John F. Kennedy. "I shouted out, 'Who killed Kennedy?'" Mick Jagger initially wrote, before history intervened once more. The Rolling Stones were in the studio, working out this song's hypnotic musical approach, when Kennedy's brother Robert F. Kennedy was also murdered. Jagger had to update the lyric to make the name plural. Later charged with promoting Satanism, a crestfallen Keith Richards could only reply: "Everybody's Lucifer." (DeRiso)
3. "Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps)," David Bowie (from 1980's Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps))
David Bowie followed his Berlin Trilogy with an album similar in spirit and tone but with more commercial aspirations. Working again with producer Tony Visconti, the pair tell the story of a woman who falls into madness as "Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps)" progresses: "She had an horror of rooms, she was tired, you can't hide beat," Bowie sings in an exaggerated accent as the music gets more and more abrasive, signaling her fractured psyche. The key to "Scary Monsters (And Super Creeps)," though, is Robert Fripp's slashing guitar, as he tears through the track like an uninvited guest on a dark, stormy night. (Gallucci)
2. "Black Sabbath," Black Sabbath (from 1970's Black Sabbath)
Black Sabbath knew how to make one hell of an entrance. The first song on their first album starts with the sounds of an incoming storm and ominous bells ringing in the distance. For the next six minutes, the band crawls through a thick, muddy mire as Ozzy Osbourne howls words penned by bassist Geezer Butler about a ghostly figure he claimed he saw standing at the foot of his bed after reading a book on the occult. The music, inspired by classical pieces interspersed with "Satanic" harmonic progressions, fits the lyrics' dark mood and still sends shivers up the spine. Heavy metal starts right here. (Gallucci)
1. "(Don't Fear) The Reaper," Blue Oyster Cult (from 1976's Agents of Fortune)
Not even one of the most popular and widely quoted sketches in Saturday Night Live history has dampened the impact of Blue Oyster Cult's 1976 Top 20 hit. (Not much anyway.) "More Cowbell" gave "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" a second life when it premiered in 2000, starring Will Ferrell as a cowbell player brought into a recording studio to add more muscle to the song. (BOC's Buck Dharma, who wrote and sang the song, is a fan.) But "(Don't Fear) The Reaper" was already a classic long before SNL reshaped it, gaining much of its eerie appeal from an extended interlude that was cut from the version released to radio. The song – an invitation to accept death as part of the life cycle – is built on a timeless riff and hook that softens the inevitability that meets us all in the end. And yes, that cowbell is awesome. (Gallucci)
Classic Halloween TV Episodes
Gallery Credit: Corey Irwin


text:
What is Hazard Mitigation?
The term "hazard mitigation" describes actions that can help reduce or eliminate long-term risks caused by hazards, or disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, wildfires, landslides, tornadoes, earthquakes, or dam failures. As the costs of disasters continue to rise, governments and citizens must find ways to reduce hazard risks to communities. Efforts made to reduce hazard risks should be compatible with other community goals; safer communities are more attractive to employers as well as residents. As communities plan for new development and improvements to existing infrastructure, mitigation can and should be an important component of the planning effort. While mitigation activities can and should be taken before a disaster occurs, hazard mitigation is essential . Often after disasters, repairs and reconstruction are completed in such a way as to simply restore damaged property to pre-disaster conditions. The implementation of such hazard mitigation actions leads to building stronger, safer, and smarter communities that are better able to reduce future injuries and damage.
Hazard Mitigation Breaks the Cycle
When recurrent disasters, such as riverine flooding, take place, repeated damage and reconstruction can occur. This recurrent reconstruction becomes more expensive as the years go by. Hazard mitigation breaks this expensive cycle of recurrent damage and increasing reconstruction costs by taking a long-term view of rebuilding and recovering from disasters.
What are the Benefits?
Effective hazard mitigation planning can provide the following benefits:
- Reduces the loss of life, property, essential services, critical facilities and economic hardship
- Reduces short-term and long-term recovery and reconstruction costs
- Increases cooperation and communication within the community through the planning process
- Increases potential for state and federal funding for recovery and reconstruction projects
What Types of Mitigation Techniques Can Be Employed?
Hazard mitigation actions are commonly broken into four different categories:
- Local Plans and Regulations (LPR) – These actions include government authorities, policies or codes that influence the way land and buildings are being developed and built.
- Structure and Infrastructure Project (SIP) – These actions involve modifying existing structures and infrastructure to protect them from a hazard or remove them from a hazard area. This could apply to public or private structures as well as critical facilities and infrastructure. This type of action also involves projects to construct man-made structures to reduce the impact of hazards.
- Natural Systems Protection (NSP) – These are actions that minimize damage and losses, and also preserve or restore the functions of natural systems.
- Education and Awareness Programs (EAP) – These are actions to inform and educate citizens, elected officials, and property owners about hazards and potential ways to mitigate them.
Common mitigation actions that are taken include:
- Enforcement of building codes, floodplain management codes, and environmental regulations
- Public safety measures such as continual maintenance of roadways, culverts, and dams
- Acquisition or relocation of structures, such as purchasing buildings located in a floodplain
- Acquisition of hazard prone lands in their undeveloped state to ensure they remain so
- Retrofitting structures and design of new construction such as elevating a home or building
- Protecting critical facilities and infrastructure from future hazard events
- Mitigation, disaster recovery, and Continuity of Operations (COOP) planning
- Development and distribution of outreach materials related to hazard mitigation
- Deployment of warning systems
- Drainage system upgrades


text:
Hard News: Policy, finally
116 Responses
First ←Older Page 1 2 3 4 5 Newer→ Last
Cleaner cars? Fine. More efficient cars? Excellent. More styly, reliable, powerful, gadget-filled cars? Even better.
No cars? Yeah, right.
If public transport doesn't work, then figure out how to make it work ! Don't trot out the same string of rubbish supporting the belief that it can't 'cos it's Auckland.
How about you figure it out? I'll be interested in your solution to how you can get public transport to be as fast and convenient as an automobile. Seriously.
As for the commuting problem, I have the same solution as Russell, working from home. But I don't see the hundreds of thousands of people who work in the city as "sad and self serving" or polluting bastards, just because they haven't been able to organize their lives the way I do, and insist on travelling hundreds of kilometers every week just to get to work.
No cars, not for a long while, fewer cars easier.
i) Don't build more roads, wait for roads to get full.
ii) Set up congestion zones.
iii) More and multiple lanes given to PT exclusively.
iV) Work to a two stop structure for PT timetabling.
v) Light rail, crikey I'd even settle for trams and this is from a cyclist.
vi) Fix the school run madness and don't let kids drive to school !.
vii) Give a tax break to guys like yourself, Russ and many others who set up to work at home. Extend the tax breaks to those businesses that support you.
viii) Free wireless zones on buses.
ix) More flexible working hours for adults.
x) Better internet infrastructure - online shopping conferencing etc.
xi) Out of hours delivery services.
xii) Integrated regional ticketing for existing services.
xiii) Make it cheaper for people to relocate and at the same time narrow the perceived disparity between schools.
xiv) Build proper cycle lanes and legislate to protect their use and those that use them.
xv) Nuke all 4WD that park on the pavements because they are perceived to be too big for roadside parking - and while you are at it nuke the drivers too or at least send them to cities who have a better appreciation of what is possible because they have already done it.
xvi) Remove traffic lights and prioritise pedestrians at crossings, make it illegal to stop on crossings, fix that bloomin' diamond nonsense at crossings it doesn't work any more because of the volume of traffic.xvii) Educate, educate, educate.
I don't see the hundreds of thousands of people who work in the city as "sad and self serving" or polluting bastards
I just don't believe that all the single occupancy cars that I see out and about invariably contain people who are either unable to car pool and/or have an undertaking of such importance that it requires the most expedient mode of transport__all the time__. I include myself in this generalisation as well.
From what I have read and see, in a race across London or New York you wouldn't bother taking the car any more, go figure.
Yeah ! Jetpacks are the answer.....somebody shut me up please.....I'm getting embarrassed for myself
Agree with all of that except the don't build more roads bit. That may achieve the challenge I set you of making public transport faster than a car, but only because it deliberately sets out to stuff cars up. Until Auckland gets much more massive, I can bet you that the car is still going to get there fastest for any fairly calculated trip. It will absolutely certainly get you there in the greatest comfort and carrying the bigger load.
I just don't believe that all the single occupancy cars that I see out and about invariably contain people who are either unable to car pool and/or have an undertaking of such importance that it requires the most expedient mode of transport all the time.
Probably not, but they can, so why shouldn't they? A lot of people value their time more highly than you, perhaps? Probably people who work hard in the city making a lot of money, so their spare time is not great, so why not spend some of those bucks getting some of their time back?
Sure, if you can't afford it, catch the bus. I think buses are great and there should be more of them. And more bus lanes. Anything to get people off the road and make it faster for me. But don't go deliberately ruining the roads! That's backwards thinking.
Sorry completely off topic but i had to share
If you want to know what Gordon Copeland REALLY cares about watch the United Future party political broadcast from the 2005 election.
"Child poverty in New Zealand is currently running at 20 percent... we have been involved in implementing the working for families package which is going to reduce that to a mere 4 percent" - Copeland
i am definitely adding him to my list of despicable socialists trying to redistribute wealth from hard working kiwi's to those lazy unproductive children who add nothing to the economy.
"I'll be interested in your solution to how you can get public transport to be as fast and convenient as an automobile. "
Ben an automobile can travel alot faster than it's allowed to by the various speed limits in place and the limits peak hours conjestion.
Ever noticed the self satisfied smile on cyclists passing all the traffic banked up - that's me (or was before I had to tvl 20km out of town each day).
Living 3/5 up in cities (& I say towns). Stop green field developments and start looking up. Not tower blocks of shoe boxes and infilled concrete slabs of the current urban cowboys (developers) but living spaces and communities in apartments. Thereby reducing the need to travel to work & if you still do light rail with govt subs. This of course would require a change of local body taxation from rates to a share of the general tax take.
I have a plan for rural communities too - Villages. The idea is to build a community by bringing it closer together and not living on isolated farms. Can't do much about the high country - but that's being retired anyway.
When I rule the world, certain ...
Not sure if it's aimed at me - story about the teachers. But I do choose to teach in Lower Hutt, because I believe in what I'm able to do there - and I believe I can make a small measure of a difference in my role as a teacher there.
There are several schools in walking distance of my house - and yes I applied to several schools in my area, when I came out of teachers college. None of them got back to me.
I use public transport sometimes - and I use the car sometimes.
Ever noticed the self satisfied smile on cyclists passing all the traffic banked up - that's me (or was before I had to tvl 20km out of town each day).
Does it look something like the grimace most people get when exercising when they could be sitting around listening to music? Yup, I noticed it. I see a similar look on cyclists standing at the lights in the pouring rain trying to keep their laptop dry, or the wry smile of the cyclist employee who just realized they left their memory stick at home. Or lying on the footpath clutching their broken bones. I've had that look on my face a few times courtesy of the glorious bicycle.
But again, it's choice if you ride your bike, one less car in the parking spaces in town. All power to you. Good luck finding that massive following, I ain't seen a hint of it yet.
And dude, I like gardening. Put that in your 3/5. However, one more dude thinking a 3/5 is choice is one more dude keeping the suburbs affordable, so cheers all round, until you kill my road. Then you're just being mean spirited, and fully deserve to have Auckland raining on your parade.
Mmmm; my road, Ben you must be a very important person.
That may achieve the challenge I set you of making public transport faster than a car, but only because it deliberately sets out to stuff cars up.
Which, in a nutshell, explains exactly the thinking of our Transport Planners. It suits them to have Auckland dissected by only ome motorway -- the more congestion the better. But since that hasn't stopped enough people driving on the motorway they have now instituted 'ramp signals' ie traffic lights to stop you actually getting on the motorway:
Waiting times for traffic queuing on Curran St signals averaged 2.8 minutes, and Transit had begun using the signals ... to tackle increasing congestion. Mr McCombs acknowledged that this compared with about 20 seconds spent by vehicles joining motorways without waiting for signals
Which is why back on page two I came up with the idea of Random Slapping:
On designated mornings Police should force drivers stuck in rush hour traffic to wind down their windows and receive an open handed slap to the face...
It may seem farcical, but if drivers won't get out of their cars and ride buses - what options are left? And BTW, I'm not seriously suggesting it - I do so merely to point out the wooly thinking of these bureaucrats. And if you want more proof:
Their solution was to hijack two of Queen Street's four vehicle lanes for buses only. This, they calculated, would speed bus passage between the new crossings by five minutes, thus cancelling out the [5 minute] delays caused by the new crossings.
I suppose we could start our own bus service and let everyone ride cheaply (or free!). That's a novel idea - altho' Grandad tells me that last century the ARC did actually own their own bus company and did just that. Until the National Govt forced them to sell it to Stagecoach. And now Stagecoach receive bus subsidies from the ARC greater than the price they paid for those buses! Each year!
I have a plan for rural communities too - Villages. The idea is to build a community by bringing it closer together and not living on isolated farms.
When a friend was showing me round in Nova Scotia some time ago, she pointed out the villages settled by the French - all the houses clustered together, from which the families would depart to work their fields - and those settled by the Scots - each house on its own farmland down a long lane.
No prizes for inferring our dominant heritage when you look at the blight of lifestyle blocks.
No Tim, not aimed at you at all. I spoke of a couple who kept two cars to drive to their place of employment which was in the same street that they lived in. In Seatoun. It was walkable in six minutes. They were just selfish lazy sods with an undue sense of their own importance.
But while we're on the subject of you, you say you choose to work in the Hutt - but from your description it sounds more as though you had the Hutt workplace wished upon you, and you choose to live in Miramar. To quote Spike Milligan: "South America? That's abroad, isn't it?" "That depends on where you are standing."
Who else enjoyed the infinite jest of Ben accusing others of being mean spirited?
Mmmm; my road, Ben you must be a very important person.
I'd call it our road if you weren't so bitter on it.
It may seem farcical, but if drivers won't get out of their cars and ride buses - what options are left?
There are so many it's farcical. The public/private transport possibilities are huge.
*More roads, and train lines
*More bus, bike, carpooling and taxi lanes
*More actual buses on more routes going more frequently to more places
*People living closer to their work
*Work being closer to where people live
*More park & ride facilities
*More ferries
*More flexible working hoursNotice how everything I think of is "more". Not "Hey let's screw up the existing transport options, forcing people to accept worse quality transport, so that they just have to eat it, then brag that we've solved problems rather than created them".
Who else enjoyed the infinite jest of Ben accusing others of being mean spirited?
All the other mean spirited people. I'm not about stuffing up your options, why are you about stuffing up mine?
How about you figure it out? I'll be interested in your solution to how you can get public transport to be as fast and convenient as an automobile. Seriously.
We each spend at least several $1000 a year on our cars. Many spend several tens of thousands, in depreciation alone. I see some cars round Wellington that cost half as much as my house!!
What would public transport be like if we each spent that sort of money on it?
__It may seem farcical, but if drivers won't get out of their cars and ride buses - what options are left?__
There are so many it's farcical. The public/private transport possibilities are huge.[list examples]
But that's not the point I was hoping to make Ben. You can provide endless options but people are still going to want to drive there in their own cars anyway. Witness daleaway's example of the couple who each took their own seperate cars to their same workplace at the end of their road.
So when you've done everything you can (at great expense to ratepayers/taxpayers) to encourage people onto public transport and yet still they won't budge from their cars, what options are left? Random Slapping?
Will more money solve the problem?
[ARC Chair Mike Lee] was bemoaning the fact that despite an 89 per cent increase in subsidies since 2004, from $45 million to $85.1 million, Auckland bus patronage had increased only 1.2 per cent - or within the statistical margin of error.
Driving a car in the in 07 is a bit like smoking in the 70's discuss.
"But while we're on the subject of you, you say you choose to work in the Hutt - but from your description it sounds more as though you had the Hutt workplace wished upon you, and you choose to live in Miramar."
Will try to explain better.
We bought a property in Miramar, while I was still training to be a teacher - my wife has a job in Miramar, so that made sense. Tried to find teaching work in local area, but wasn't able too.
Job offer was made at a school in Lower Hutt. Wanted/needed a job - so took it. Have reconsidered job at times, because of practicalities, impact and time factors of commute. Used public transport and alternated single car use with partner for two years - and only bought a second car in the last 3 months.
As said, I still use public transport at times - but like any choice it's weighing up benefits and disadvantages. Sometimes public transport works better for me, and sometimes taking the car works better.
And yes - I might be able to now - with some experience as a teacher, get work in a local school. But I really enjoy my current job, despite the stresses and strains, and I work with good people, doing imho, good things. And that counts for a quite a bit, in how I choose to live.
I am aware of the environmental impact of driving my car, I do my best to minimize journeys, and I also recognize that if I had to ride a horse to work, I'd still have an environmental impact on my surroundings. And neighbours. ;)
What would public transport be like if we each spent that sort of money on it?
Heaps better. And cars will be heaps better by then too, so I'll have one of those thanks. Then it will be all round choice, rather than not particularly choice if you're a commuter, and heaps worse for everyone else.
I don't see the big cars vs public transport dichotomy. It can be both. It should be both. It will be both.
So when you've done everything you can (at great expense to ratepayers/taxpayers) to encourage people onto public transport and yet still they won't budge from their cars, what options are left? Random Slapping?
I think I get you now. You think it's futile? I don't think so. Definitely more people need to get into buses and trains so more facilities for those things will be needed. And more needs to go to the roads too, which can be developed at the same time. If train-lines are being built then the roads are getting major works anyway.
I'd love it if there was a good cycle lane all the way to the city and through it. And bus lanes to make using the bus fast. And lots of express buses using the motorway, where I am most likely to be. And trains beside and under. It's all good and it all should be worked on.
I'm so gonna steal this
"Driving a car in the in 07 is a bit like smoking in the 70's discuss."
Although in far more agreement than not, I would like to quibble over "choice". We only choose the options open to us by govt & because of the sell offs and abdecation of Govt responsibility onto private sector/person for getting from A to B, it's a mess.
Where govt has still kept an interest in transport its alot better - (Republic of) CHCH is the best in Australasia. -
If I have understood this correctly then:
a) The government re-nationalise key transport infrastructure ?
b) Cantabrains still don't get out much <wink>
So when you've done everything you can (at great expense to ratepayers/taxpayers) to encourage people onto public transport and yet still they won't budge from their cars, what options are left?
I thought it was quite obvious - put a whacking great 'sin tax' on petrol and imported cars, just as the Government currently does with tobacco. I have to travel from the North Shore to Newmarket every Thursday to record my PA Radio piece, and public transport isn't as convenient as taking the car because unfortunately the timetables don't magically realign with my convenience. But it's sure cheaper and marginally kinder on my blood pressure.
Handwringing over comparisons of public transport uptake in NZ with that in other countries strikes me as somewhat unrealistic.
Public transport is always going to be more expensive per capita in NZ than in almost any other country, purely as a result of our low population density.
Some crude back-of-envelope calculations. Compare Tokyo with greater Auckland: they're roughly the same area, but Tokyo has 20 times the population, which allows for a very efficient, convenient, yet cheap, public transport system. Especially as regards the train network. Inside the central 23 wards (pop=20M), generally there's less than 1km between train stations in any direction; trains run at least 4 times an hour, from 5am-midnight, 7 days a week; for any journey over 2km, tickets end up costing less than 100 yen/km (i.e., under $NZ1/km); services run rigorously to timetable. (Buses inside the 23 wards have a flat fee of 200 yen, though service is less regular than the trains.) Under Tokyo conditions, all of this is possible, and even profitable for the transport operators (which include some private companies).Now try doing the same thing with 1/20 the population. Even being conservative and ignoring economies of scale, if it's to be profitable you'll get at most 1/20 the service, i.e. services once every 5 hours(!) on average, and/or stopping only (on average) once every 4.5km, and/or costing $NZ20 for an average journey of a few km. Clearly, no-one would ever want to use such a patently inconvenient "service". In particular, $1/km probably would be close to the maximum viable fee level (seeing as most people could walk it in 10 minutes).
Hence, a PT system good enough to use under NZ conditions requires massive subsidies from city councils/local bodies/central government. Getting to Tokyo standards would require 95% subsidisation of the actual cost. (Note that even 90% subsidisation doubles the cost to the commuter, pushing it over the viable maximum.) Christchurch actually comes close (journeys are more expensive than in Tokyo, though not onerously so). Wellington buses, by contrast, are generally less frequent, more expensive, and deviate wildly from timetable (and the Wellington train network is worse on all three counts). Auckland doesn't even come up to Wellington's mediocre standard.
So, if the service is any less convenient (lower frequency/ lower network density/ higher cost) than some critical level, then public transport will not be chosen over cars wherever the latter are available. Some critical mass of service is required before a critical mass of the public will choose to use it. Councils can't expect the users to show up until the service is available.
The fact that increasing spending on Auckland's PT system by 90% only increased usage by ~2% thus indicates only that even the improved Auckland PT system still sucks, and needs to have far more spent on it to reach anything remotely like an equivalence with private cars under NZ conditions. (But there are clear limits on what is practical; there is no possible environmental benefit if the average bus service has less than 2 passengers!)
The other side of the coin is that in Japan it is, as a matter of policy, considerably less convenient to own and run a car than in NZ: vehicle licensing and inspection costs are notoriously high; and fees for parking and for using motorways will almost always be more expensive than the public-transport fee. Presumably NZ could adopt similar policies to reduce the competitive advantage of cars.
Robert -
I would agree up to a point but figures like this can be misleading.
From what I understand, part of Tokyo's efficiency rests with a competition not unlike the "how many can I fit in a mini" game at peak times. Similar experiences are shared on PT systems the world over; but less often in NZ. From this point of view, what constitutes a critical mass might be somewhat less than people think.
If there has in fact been a 90% increase in the spend; one must be careful to divide the absolute costs from the relative costs, investment from operation, as well as inflation and of course the rather ridiculous subsidies for private companies.
Along similar lines the real costs of the alternative need to be considered on the balance sheet. A case in point, is basic mitigation of pollution which will either require changes or relocations to a number of schools. The impact on public health is rarely factored into these calculation despite some very real costs.
I'm just very wary of arguments which lend themselves to putting the PT/car problem in the too hard tray. Financial arguments of this type just aren't that clear cut.
BTW. Can I have a quote on Sin Tax for Brian the Bish's; Boat,Explorer and Harley.
81stcolumn: I'm not sure how you'd get a level of service better than Tokyo (with more space per passenger), without "ridiculous subsidies". The point I was making is that 95% subsidisation of all costs is pretty much a minimum to provide a level of service that is desirable compared to cars, at NZ population densities. Still, you're right that the true (environmental) cost of cars isn't being weighed in that comparison. I should clarify -- I didn't intend the cost of providing that level of PT as an argument for not doing it. Say Auckland currently has 90% subsidy of PT costs; that still means the service isn't at that critical level yet (so the lack of uptake is unsurprising). But the more hopeful conclusion is that a further 5-10% increase in expenditure might be enough to create such a service level as to increase passenger uptake. (Or, putting it another way: councils court the worst kind of failure, in the form of an expensive but unused PT system, if they start with "how much can we afford to spend this year?" rather than "what will commuters want to use?")
-- Robert.
Post your response…
This topic is closed.


text:
The Vienna City Tour will give you an overview of the most important sights of Vienna.
You will see the Ringstraße, the street surrounding the center of Vienna and ist famous historical buildings and monuments. You can take a look at the Museum of Applied Arts, the State Opera House, the Museum of Fine Arts and the Museum of Natural History, the House of Parliament, the Burgtheater and the City Hall, the University as well as the Votiv Church.
Schönbrunn Palace
The highlight of this tour is the gorgeous Schönbrunn Palace, the summer residence of the Habsburg family. You will see the rooms where Maria Theresia and Kaiser Franz Joseph lived and worked. On your way back to the center, you will see Belvedere Palace, the summer residence of Prinz Eugen.
Picture: Austrian National Tourist Office


text:
Version 1.1
- Added support for Notification Center (10.8 and later)
- Adjusted menu icon to align better with existing menu items
- Auto-update is now supported via Sparkle
Version 1.0
- Option to automatically start at login
- Login token now requested with
(you may need to re-allow after upgrading) - New application icon
Version 0.5
- Now compatible with Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard) and later
- Different hide times are now available
- Status icon is black when there are no messages (thanks Kevin Sołtysiak)
- Better error handling and reporting on inbox checking failure
Version 0.4
- Growl support built-in (optional, notifications off by default)
- Site icon is now displayed in notification menu items
SENotifier is a Mac OS X app that shows the current contents of your Stack Exchange inbox in the menu bar and was inspired by Gmail Notifier.
I created this app so the inbox notifier would be visible all the time, instead of only when a Stack Exchange page was loaded in the browser.
This app uses the new Stack Exchange API v2.0 with authentication, so it can get the current contents of your inbox.
BSD license.
Download (750 KB .dmg
Or install with Homebrew:
brew cask install stack-exchange-notifier
SENotifier requires Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard) or later.
This app is developed in Objective-C using Xcode 4.2. No (Stack Exchange) libraries were harmed in the creation of this software (that means the authentication flow is all straight Objective-C code). SBJson is used for the JSON parsing bits.
The code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/ghewgill/senotifier.


text:
Kandi Podi | Andhra famous Gun Powder Recipe:
- Dry roast toor dal until it turns red in color and keep it aside and dry roast moong dal until red in color and remove it from pan and keep it aside and do the same with chana dal.Always dry roast each dal separately as they will not get roasted uniformly otherwise.Let them cool.
- Dry roast red chillies until they turn slight red in color and keep them aside.
- Dry roast cumin seeds and keep them aside.
- Once all the dals come to room temperature grind all the dals with red chillies,cumin seeds and salt to a powder.You can either grind it to a fine powder or slightly coarse powder.
- Store it in an air tight container.
- Add 1-2 garlic pods after the dals are ground to a powder and grind it again to a powder.
- Do not grind it to a very fine powder,keep it slightly coarse.
- You can mix the kandi podi with Mango Avakaya,Usiri Avakaya,Gongura etc or just mix it with hot rice and a dollop of ghee.It tastes very delicious.


text:
- New INTEGUMENT-1 and INTEGUMENT-2 data show a rapid and significant reduction in itch as early as 24 hours after the first application of roflumilast cream 0.15%
- Rapid and significant improvements were achieved including individuals reaching a 75% reduction of Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75) as early as Week 1 and in Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) Success as early as Week 2
- In both studies, roflumilast cream improved atopic dermatitis across multiple efficacy endpoints while demonstrating favorable safety and tolerability
- Incidences of adverse events were low, with no adverse event occurring in more than 3.5% of subjects in either arm
WESTLAKE VILLAGE, Calif., March 18, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: ARQT), an early commercial-stage company focused on developing meaningful innovations in immuno-dermatology, today presented in a late-breaking clinical trial session at the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) annual meeting (New Orleans, LA, March 17-21) new data from its INTEGUMENT-1 and INTEGUMENT-2 pivotal Phase 3 studies of roflumilast cream 0.15% in adults and children 6 years and older with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD). Roflumilast cream is a once-daily, steroid-free topical formulation of a highly potent and selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor.
Both studies met the primary endpoint of IGA Success, defined as a validated Investigator Global Assessment – Atopic Dermatitis (vIGA-AD) score of 'clear' or 'almost clear' plus a 2-grade improvement from baseline at Week 4 (INTEGUMENT-1: 32.0% roflumilast cream vs. 15.2% vehicle, P<0.0001; INTEGUMENT-2: 28.9% roflumilast cream vs. 12.0% vehicle, P<0.0001). In addition, rapid and significant improvements in v-IGA success were demonstrated as early as Week 2 (INTEGUMENT-1: 21.2% for roflumilast cream vs. 6.4% for vehicle; P<0.0001; INTEGUMENT-2: 17.7% for roflumilast cream vs 5.3% for vehicle; P< 0.0001).
Over 30% of individuals treated with roflumilast cream in each study achieved Worst Itch Numeric Scale (WI-NRS) Success at Week 4. In addition, a daily improvement in itch was observed in those treated with roflumilast cream with a significant improvement at 24 hours following the first application (P<0.05) as measured by WI-NRS.
"Atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease common in both children and adults where pruritus, or itch, is the most reported and most burdensome symptom, and may cause substantially reduced quality of life and sleep disturbances," said Lawrence F. Eichenfield, MD, Chief of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology at Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, Professor of Dermatology and Pediatrics and Vice-Chair of the Department of Dermatology at UC San Diego School of Medicine, and study investigator. "Importantly, individuals treated with roflumilast cream experienced a significant and rapid improvement in the extent and severity of their atopic dermatitis, adding further to evidence of the potential of roflumilast cream as a treatment option for this disease. Additionally, these pivotal Phase 3 data show that roflumilast cream drove a significant and rapid reduction in itch as early as the first 24 hours, which could be a helpful early indication to children and adults that the treatment is working."
Roflumilast cream also demonstrated rapid and statistically significant improvements compared to vehicle on key secondary endpoints, with more than 40% of children age 6 and older and adults treated with roflumilast cream achieving a 75% reduction in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75) at Week 4 compared to vehicle (INTEGUMENT-1: 43.2% vs. 22.0%, P<0.0001; INTEGUMENT-2: 42.0% vs. 19.7%, P<0.0001). Additionally, significant improvements in EASI-75 were observed with roflumilast cream as early as Week 1 in both studies compared to vehicle (INTEGUMENT-1: 14.0% vs. 5.5%, p=0.0006; INTEGUMENT-2: 13.3% vs. 7.8%, p=0.0329). In both studies, approximately 40% of children and adults treated with roflumilast cream achieved a vIGA-AD score of Clear (0) or Almost Clear (1) at Week 4 (INTEGUMENT-1: 41.5% vs. 25.2%, P<0.0001; INTEGUMENT-2: 39% vs. 16.9%, P<0.0001).
"Atopic dermatitis can have a huge impact on the quality of life for those affected, and also be challenging to treat," said Julie Block, President and CEO, National Eczema Association. "Thankfully, our understanding of atopic dermatitis continues to grow, and the commitment from companies, such as Arcutis, to develop new treatment options aiming to provide people living with this disease a much-needed relief, is most welcome and appreciated."
"We are pleased to present these data from our pivotal Phase 3 INTEGUMENT program, which demonstrated significant improvements in atopic dermatitis in children and adults across multiple efficacy endpoints," said Patrick Burnett MD, PhD, FAAD, Chief Medical Officer of Arcutis. "Roflumilast cream was also shown to be safe and well-tolerated, critical considerations for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. We look forward to the continued development of roflumilast cream 0.15% for atopic dermatitis as we prepare to file a supplemental new drug application (sNDA) with the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) in the second half of this year."
Roflumilast cream 0.15% was well tolerated. The incidence of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) was low in both active treatment and vehicle arms, with most TEAEs assessed as mild to moderate in severity, and no adverse event occurring in more than 3.5% of subjects in either arm. The most common TEAEs ≥ 2% in roflumilast-treated patients were headache (INTEGUMENT-1 2.3% vs 1.4%; INTEGUMENT-2 3.5% vs 0.9%), nausea (1.8% vs 0.9%; 2.0% vs 0%), and application site pain (2.1% vs. 0.5%; 0.9% vs. 0.9%). Local tolerability was favorable with more than 90% of those treated with roflumilast cream reporting no or mild sensation across arms in both trials at any timepoint.
About the INTEGUMENT Phase 3 Trials
The "INterventional Trial EvaluatinG roflUMilast cream for the treatmENt of aTopic dermatitis" (INTEGUMENT-1 and INTEGUMENT-2) are two identical Phase 3, parallel group, double blind, vehicle-controlled trials in which roflumilast cream 0.15% or vehicle was applied once daily for four weeks to individuals 6 years of age and older with mild to moderate AD involving ≥3% body surface area. A total of 1,337 individuals were randomized across both studies. The primary endpoint was IGA Success, defined as vIGA-AD score of 'clear' or 'almost clear' plus a 2-grade improvement from baseline at Week 4. Multiple secondary endpoints were also evaluated, including itch as measured by WI-NRS as well as the proportion of subjects who attained an EASI-75 at Week 4.
After completing INTEGUMENT-1 and INTEGUMENT-2, individuals were eligible to enroll in an open-label extension study (INTEGUMENT-OLE) evaluating treatment with once-daily roflumilast cream 0.15% for up to 12 months.
Arcutis is enrolling a third pivotal Phase 3 trial, the "INterventional Trial EvaluatinG roflUMilast cream for the treatmENt of aTopic dermatitis in PEDiatric patients" (INTEGUMENT-PED) to evaluate roflumilast cream 0.05% in children 2 to 5 years of age with mild to moderate AD. The Company plans to report topline data from this study in the second half of 2023.
About Atopic Dermatitis
AD is the most common type of eczema, affecting approximately 9.6 million children and 16.5 million adults in the United States. AD is characterized by a defect in the skin barrier, which allows allergens and other irritants to enter the skin, leading to an immune reaction and inflammation. This reaction produces a red, itchy rash, most frequently occurring on the face, arms, and legs. The rash can cover significant areas of the body, in some cases half of the body or more. AD typically begins in early childhood and is chronic. It persists into adolescence and even adulthood in some individuals. The rash causes significant pruritus (itching), which can lead to skin damage caused by scratching or rubbing. Since a large percentage of AD patients are very young children, safety is a particularly important consideration in treatment selection.
About Roflumilast Cream
Roflumilast cream is a next generation topical PDE4 inhibitor. PDE4 – an established target in dermatology – is an intracellular enzyme that increases the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and decreases production of anti-inflammatory mediators. Roflumilast cream 0.3% (ZORYVE®) is approved by the FDA for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis, including intertriginous areas, in patients 12 years of age and older. Roflumilast cream for atopic dermatitis was evaluated at lower doses: 0.15% for adults and children 6 years of age and older and is being evaluated at 0.05% for children aged 2 to 5 years.
About ZORYVE®
ZORYVE (roflumilast) cream 0.3% is indicated for topical treatment of plaque psoriasis, including intertriginous areas, in patients 12 years of age and older.
The use of ZORYVE is contraindicated in patients with moderate to severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh B or C).
The most common adverse reactions (≥1%) include diarrhea (3%), headache (2%), insomnia (1%), nausea (1%), application site pain (1%), upper respiratory tract infection (1%), and urinary tract infection (1%).
Please see full Prescribing Information.
About Arcutis
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: ARQT) is a medical dermatology company that champions meaningful innovation to address the urgent needs of individuals living with immune-mediated dermatological diseases and conditions. With a commitment to solving the most persistent patient challenges in dermatology, Arcutis has a growing portfolio that harnesses our unique dermatology development platform coupled with our dermatology expertise to build differentiated therapies against biologically validated targets. Arcutis' dermatology development platform includes a robust pipeline with multiple clinical programs for a range of inflammatory dermatological conditions including scalp and body psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and alopecia areata. For more information, visit www.arcutis.com or follow Arcutis on LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter.
Forward-Looking Statements
Arcutis cautions you that statements contained in this press release regarding matters that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements. These statements are based on the Company's current beliefs and expectations. Such forward-looking statements include, among others, statements regarding the potential for roflumilast to be approved for the treatment of adults and children with AD, the potential to use roflumilast cream over a long period of time, or chronically, the potential to use roflumilast cream anywhere on the body, including the face and sensitive areas, timing for anticipated data of INTEGUMENT-PED, the potential sNDA filing and the potential for roflumilast to advance the standard of care in AD and other inflammatory dermatologic conditions. These statements are subject to substantial known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ include risks inherent in our business, reimbursement and access to our products, the impact of competition and other important factors discussed in the "Risk Factors" section of our Form 10-K filed with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 28, 2023, as well as any subsequent filings with the SEC. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements in this press release. We undertake no obligation to revise or update information herein to reflect events or circumstances in the future, even if new information becomes available.
Amanda Sheldon, Head of Corporate Communications
Eric McIntyre, Head of Investor Relations