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Microsoft Dynamics Reimagines and Unites the Worlds of Business and IT
Company highlights innovations to help businesses unite their organizations, connect with their customers and get the most value from their information technology investments.
NEW ORLEANS (March 19, 2013) – Microsoft Corp. today opened a sold-out Microsoft Dynamics Convergence 2013 with a keynote address from Microsoft Business Solutions President Kirill Tatarinov featuring Microsoft Dynamics customers Chobani Inc., Habitat for Humanity International, Revlon Inc., Shock Doctor Inc. and Weight Watchers International Inc.
Speaking to more than 11,000 attendees, the largest in conference history, Tatarinov addressed how business leaders can reimagine the way they engage with customers, build brand relevance and collaborate with employees to stay ahead of the changing roles across all levels in business. Observing the increased influence of marketing and other areas of business over a company's technology investments and the value of collaboration, Tatarinov reinforced the idea that business functions can work more effectively when they unite with their IT counterparts. Tatarinov noted that Microsoft Dynamics is uniquely positioned to serve as a catalyst for unity, and he announced new advancements in integrated marketing, embedded social capabilities, and new cloud and mobile scenarios enabled through Microsoft Dynamics solutions that will help businesses unite with their customers, unite their organizations, and unite their people and technology.
"To realize the promises and possibilities of a world ahead, organizations must be united" Tatarinov said. "Microsoft Dynamics solutions reimagine what's possible for businesses, helping them unite to unlock innovation and creativity in people and to enable more meaningful experiences for their customers. When a business is truly united, great things happen."
Revlon, one of the strongest consumer brand franchises in the world and a Microsoft Dynamics customer, brings the concept of unifying IT and business to life. The company is transforming the way people work and collaborate, starting by replacing 21 disparate business systems and 531 point systems with Microsoft Dynamics AX.
"The speed of beauty and glamour is unforgiving," said David Giambruno , chief information officer of Revlon. "We are in a hypercompetitive market, and Microsoft Dynamics provides our employees with real-time information to access business-critical information virtually anywhere, anytime on almost any device, helping unite them with each other so they can innovate in a collaborative way across product development, manufacturing, sales and marketing.
Unite With CustomersStrengthening relationships by successfully engaging with customers is vital to business growth. Marketing, sales and customer service are essential to effective customer engagement, and the right business solution can unite these various functions. In addition, integrated marketing management has emerged as a critical strategy for companies that want to reach and engage with new customers while differentiating their brands, driving market excellence and making the most of their investments.
To help businesses achieve true integrated marketing, Microsoft announced a new version of the recently acquired MarketingPilot, which features a simplified user experience, a familiar look and feel, and seamlessly works with Microsoft Dynamics CRM.
Through MarketingPilot, marketers get access to a complete marketing automation solution with rich business intelligence, enabling them to successfully plan, track and optimize customer interactions across digital, social and traditional channels. This capability, when combined with Microsoft Dynamics CRM, fulfills the Holy Grail of marketing: omnichannel marketing that enables top-line revenue growth while managing costs and measuring return on marketing investment. The new version of MarketingPilot will be available to customers in the United States in March 2013. Microsoft plans to make MarketingPilot available to additional international markets later this year. More information is available at https://community.dynamics.com/crm/b/crmconnection/default.aspx.
"Marketing is changing and evolving rapidly, and we need business solutions that help us grow top-line revenue while managing costs. Our marketing needs require us to engage and interact with our customers, while providing technical solutions to efficiently distribute the appropriate information to our dealers to complement and enhance the sales process," said John Johnston , director, Digital Marketing at Volvo. "We've been using Microsoft Dynamics to better align our marketing and sales processes and are constantly developing our solutions to increase our sales potential and personalize our customer interactions."
Microsoft's vision is to deliver social monitoring and analytics features as an integral part of the user experience and provide these capabilities to all roles and functions in an organization. To help businesses analyze and act on market intelligence from social conversations, including measuring sentiment across a wide array of social channels, Microsoft today announced an initiative to seamlessly embed social monitoring capabilities across Microsoft Dynamics CRM offerings. This effort has been accelerated with the acquisition of Netbreeze GmbH, which delivers cutting-edge native language analytics combined with data mining, transactional and text analysis capabilities. More information is available at https://community.dynamics.com/crm/b/crmconnection/default.aspx.
Chobani, maker of America's No. 1-selling yogurt brand, uses a wide range of Microsoft technologies, including Microsoft Dynamics AX and CRM to keep pace with its aggressive plans for future global growth. The company uses Microsoft Dynamics CRM to communicate and connect with its consumers around the clock.
"As our company grew, so did the volume of messages from consumers across the world. We receive hundreds of contact messages and phone calls daily," said Maureen Hurley , vice president of information technology at Chobani. "Microsoft Dynamics solutions have enabled us to make that feedback actionable, better track and understand what our customers want, and continue to provide best-in-class service. This has helped us build deeper, more immediate connections with our fans and continue our growth."
Chobani also recently opened a new domestic manufacturing facility in Twin Falls, Idaho — considered the world's largest of its kind — and was able to bring it online with Microsoft Dynamics AX in just 27 days.
Unite With Technology Microsoft today announced a set of new applications for phones and tablets, which will be available with the next update to Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012. Designed to be personal, social and immersive, these mobile applications will provide a more relevant experience based on people's roles and devices, help them connect with their social networks, and provide an engaging and actionable experience. In addition to the Business Analyzer application, which is currently available in the Windows Marketplace, the company unveiled a new set of application capabilities for mobile usage, targeting the following:
- Expense management. Helps workers both capture and reconcile expenses while traveling, cutting down time and effort — meaning getting money back more quickly; helps organizations implement expense policies more seamlessly
- Time. Captures time on projects "on the go," simplifying this administrative burden while providing businesses with the opportunity to improve working capital through decreased billing cycle times
- Approvals. Enables managers to approve business requests such as budget requests, time sheets, submitted expense reports and purchase requisition to cut down on administrative task and time spend
These applications will be available for Windows 8 and Windows RT tablets, Windows Phone 8, Android phones, and iOS phone devices.
To ensure extensibility and encourage innovation, Microsoft is also releasing documentation for its mobile APIs to help customers and partners build their own mobile applications. Learn more about these new applications at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dax.
In addition, Microsoft will deliver a mobile CRM sales application with the next Microsoft Dynamics CRM release in the second half of 2013. Optimized for tablets, this application will help people manage an opportunity from lead to close and easily connect with customers and colleagues, regardless of location. The application brings guided selling to Windows 8 and Windows RT tablets as well as the iPad. Businesses can configure this application, enabling them to tailor the experience to fit their sales processes and approaches.
Microsoft today announced the availability of the Community Technical Preview of the new Microsoft Dynamics Lifecycle Services helping IT professionals simplify the application lifecycle experience. These services help organizations improve predictability of Microsoft Dynamics AX implementations by simplifying and standardizing implementation processes. They also allow them to proactively manage the application and reduce downtime. As an online service, Microsoft Dynamics Lifecycle Services helps minimize an organization's IT burden. Microsoft Dynamics GP 2013 and Microsoft Dynamics NAV 2013 were released in Q4 2012 and were received positively by customers and partners. Enabled for the cloud, these solutions offer customers a complete choice of deployment both in the cloud and on-premises. In addition, these products will be available through partners to customers hosted on Windows Azure in June 2013.
Reaffirming the road map for Microsoft Dynamics AX, Microsoft expects to release updates to Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 in the second half of 2013. In addition to new mobile scenarios for phone and tablet devices, this release will also include capabilities such as warehouse management and transportation management, giving customers a real-time global view of supply chain operations. The company also reaffirmed availability of the next major release of Microsoft Dynamics AX in the cloud on Windows Azure and on-premises with early adoption programs commencing in 2014.
Microsoft Dynamics Momentum Microsoft announced the latest Microsoft Dynamics CRM adoption numbers, with more than 3 million users and more than 39,000 customers. Microsoft Dynamics AX continues on a strong growth path with more than 18,000 customers and an increase of more than 50 percent license growth in North America in the last Microsoft fiscal quarter. Microsoft Dynamics also announced a number of global independent software vendor (ISV) partners supporting Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 and Microsoft Dynamics CRM, including Acorn Systems Inc., Bull, Flintfox International Ltd., Dominion, Hitachi Solutions Ltd., Hubwoo and XAPT Corp. These partners join Microsoft's broad portfolio of other leading global ISVs, which view Microsoft Dynamics as a critical component in helping propel customers become Dynamic Businesses.
More InformationMore information about Microsoft's Dynamic Business vision can be found at http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics/about.aspx. More information and news from Convergence 2013 is available at http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/presskits/dynamics. The opening keynote presentation and general session keynote speeches are available on the new virtual event platform for Convergence 2013 at http://www.microsoft.com/dynamics/convergence. Those who want to follow and engage with the Microsoft Dynamics Twitter community can do so at @MSFTDynamics and @MSFTConvergence using #CONV13.
About Microsoft DynamicsAt the heart of every successful business are the people who make things happen. Microsoft Dynamics designs modern business solutions that empower individuals with intuitive tools that allow them to do their best work. Our proactive, easy-to-use business applications adapt to the way people and systems work, enabling businesses to rapidly deploy and be forward-looking in an ever-changing world.
About MicrosoftFounded in 1975, Microsoft (Nasdaq "MSFT") is the worldwide leader in software, services and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential.
Source: Microsoft Corp.


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How will clients benefit with you as their coach?
The old adage of "it's not what you know, but who you know" takes on a different twist when working with me as a career coach. Career coaching, with an emphasis on emotional intelligence, guides the client through known and unknown behavior patterns that may have an effect on achieving professional goals. Therefore, to expand on the old adage…it's not what you know, or who you know that matters most these days – it's how you interact with others that makes the difference. That difference is in the power of using your emotional intelligence skills for career success. Interviewers ask questions of candidates to reveal behavior patterns that can affect organizational values and core competencies.
What results have clients reported after working with you?
Increased confidence in setting and reaching goals
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Anita was knowledgeable, insightful and down to earth. I enjoyed her coaching immensely.
Initially, after taking the Six Seconds Leadership Evaluation, I had no idea the impact it would make on my life. Being a newcomer to the area of EQ, Anita was very thorough and patient in explaining this concept and all of the competencies. She then explained in detail my areas of strengths and those areas that might be holding me back from reaching my full potential.
Because of her insight and coaching, I have been able to make changes not only in my professional life but also in the way I manage my family and communicate with my husband. In summary, Anita's coaching has made an immediate impact in my life and I look forward to learning and growing through her future workshops and/or coaching sessions.
After working with Anita Torres, I was able to implement tools which produced immediate results in my professional life as well as my personal life. In learning the things that I didn't know I did not know about myself, I am now enabled to make big, positive strides in the directions I want to go. I have always been goal oriented, but now I am so much more aware of how to set my goals, why I choose those goals to set and how to reach those goals. Thank you, Mrs. Torres!
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In honor of April 151, I examine a plugboard that was used for tax preparation in the 1950s9 and explain the forgotten art of plugboard programming, showing how a tangle of wiring implemented a data processing algorithm. By mounting the plugboard on an accounting machine, a particular data processing task could be performed. Although the plugboard looks like spaghetti code made physical, tracing out the connections shows its function: it computed deductions by summing records across multiple fields, printed a report with subtotals and totals, and punched a smaller card deck with the subtotals.
Overview of punched card data processing
Punched cards were a key part of data processing from 1890 until the 1970s, used for accounting, inventory, payroll and many other tasks. Typically, each 80-column punched card held one record, with data stored in fixed fields on the card. The example below shows an example card with columns divided into fields such as date, vendor number, order number and amount. An accounting machine would process these cards: totaling the amounts, and generating a report with subtotals by account and department, as shown below.
Punched-card data processing was invented by Herman Hollerith for the 1890 US census, which used a simple tabulating machine that counted records indicated by holes in the cards.2 These machines steadily accumulated features, becoming complex "accounting machines" that could generate business reports.6 These machines became popular with businesses and by 1944, IBM had 10,000 tabulating and accounting machines in the field.3 In July 1948, IBM introduced the 402 Accounting Machine, which used the plugboard I'm examining. The 402 (and the similar 4035) were feature-rich machines that had 16 counters, multiple levels of subtotals, vertical spacing control to support forms, comparisons and conditional operations, and leading zero elimination.
The surprising thing about this history is that businesses were performing data processing with punched cards decades before the first computers, using machinery that was entirely electro-mechanical, not even using vacuum tubes. This equipment was built from components such as wire brushes to read holes in punch cards, relays to control the circuits, and mechanical counter wheels to add values. Even though these systems were technologically primitive, they revolutionized business data processing and paved the way for electronic business computers such as the popular IBM 1401.
Plugboard programming
The accounting machines were programmed by wiring up a plugboard for a specific task. Since each application used cards with fields in different positions, accounting machines needed a way to define each field. Different reports would be formatted with values in different locations on the page. Applications would need to total and subtotal different values. Before stored-program computing existed, a technique was needed to easily customize the system for a particular application. The result was wiring on control panel plugboards.
The photo above shows a closeup of the plugboard. The plugboard has a grid of holes (which are called hubs), with their functions labeled. By inserting a wire into the board, two hubs are connected, causing the accounting machine to perform a particular operation. The collection of wires specifies the operations that are performed on each card.
When a wire is inserted into the plugboard, the jack on the end of the wire sticks out the back of the plugboard, as shown above. When the plugboard is mounted in the accounting machine (below), these jacks make contact with a grid of connectors on the accounting machine, completing the desired circuits. (Note the "setup change" switches above the plugboard; these switches will be relevant later.)
Since the plugboard is removable, companies could easily switch plugboards to perform different tasks. (Rewiring a plugboard for each function would be much too time-consuming.) As a consequence, companies might have shelves full of plugboards for all the operations they performed; with plugboards, the "software" takes up considerable physical space. The photo below shows one company's collection of plugboards to perform different tasks.
The tax program
I closely examined the wiring of the tax plugboard to determine what it does. The first step was to trace out each wire to draw a schematic wiring diagram (below) that shows all the connections on the plugboard. If you compare the diagram with the plugboard photo at the start of the article, you can see that it shows the same wiring, but in a much easier to follow format.
I found that the program wired into the board reads cards and computes subtotals and totals from the cards. In more detail, each card has seven fields that are read. The first field is an identifier, and all cards with the same identifier are totaled together to give totals for each of five fields. My hypothesis is that this field is an employee id, and each card corresponds to one pay period.7 Summing the records for each employee id gives the employee's total deductions (or year-to-date deductions). The totaled five fields could be payroll deductions such as federal income tax, state tax, social security tax, Medicare tax and retirement contributions. After reading the cards for an employee, the accounting machine punches a new summary card with the employee's total deductions prints a line on the report. The per-employee totals are then summed together to give overall totals at the end.
Here's how the plugboard works, step by step. When an 80-column card is read, each digit is available in one of the reading hubs, labeled 1 through 80. By putting a wire in a hub, the digit is transmitted to another part of the machine. For instance, suppose there is a 6-digit number punched into columns 28 to 33 of the card and we want to total these numbers. This is done by connecting a wire from reading column 28 to the upper digit of the counter, a wire from column 29 to the second digit of the counter, and so forth, for 6 wires in total.
The wires transferring the field to counter 6C are the six red wires in the photo below. The 80 card columns are available in the two rows of hubs below the label "Third reading". The inputs to the counters are the four rows of hubs below the "Counter entry" labels. Other fields are wired to counters similarly.
Trying to figure out the wiring from the photo is difficult, so plugboard wiring is typically indicated in a diagram. The diagram below shows the wiring between the columns read (right) and the counter 6C (left). The six wires are compressed into one line on the diagram, using IBM's style of representing plugboards. The horizontal bars connected by a line indicate six parallel wires.
To print a total, a counter "exit" is wired to the desired printer columns. On the plugboard, the printer columns are labeled print entries: 43 "alphamerical print entry" positions that can print alphabetical or numerical characters, followed by 45 "numerical print entry" positions that only print numbers. The diagram below shows four wires from counter 4C to print columns 1 through 4 (yellow), and six wires from counter 6C (red) to print columns 35 through 40.
The accounting machine contains 16 decimal counters in all. Four of them are 8-digit counters, named 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D. Four are 6-digit counters (6A to 6D), four are 4-digit counters (4A to 4D), and four are 2-digit counters (2A to 2D). In addition, two counters can be joined together to form a larger counter. There are also connections between counters for subtotals. For instance, counter 8A accumulates a per-employee subtotal. These subtotals are added to counter 8B to form the final total.
Another important operation is to compare two cards to see if they have the same id (and should be counted together) or if they have different ids (so a subtotal should be printed and the counters reset). A comparison is done by wiring two fields to the two "comparing entry" rows. If the fields are different, the "comparing exit" will trigger a signal. Since we want to compare each card with the next card, we get one field from the "second reading" and one from the "third reading"; the card we are processing will be at the third reading stage while the card behind it will be at the second reading stage. Finally, the comparison output is wired to the "program start (minor)" hub. This causes the accounting machine to start an additional cycle to print the subtotals (i.e. minor totals) and reset the counters. (There are also "intermediate" and "major" program start hubs, which provide two additional levels of totals.)
On the diagram above, columns 1-4 from the second reading and from the third reading are wired to the comparing entry hubs. The four corresponding comparing exit hubs are wired together (gray) and connected to the minor (MI) program start hub (yellow wire to PRG START in upper right). The closeup of the plugboard below shows the wiring on the plugboard.
Another interesting feature of the plugboard is conditional behavior, using "selectors". Connections can be switched based on a different signal, allowing behavior to change based on a comparison, or a panel switch. This plugboard changes behavior based on the "setup change 1" panel switch, one of the switches on the accounting machine above the panel. (You can think of this as the plugboard version of command-line options.) According to the label on the plugboard (below), this switch selects "year to date". On the board, this switch enables processing of one field, as well as switching between the constant 2 and 5 for addition to counter 2B. (The reason for this constant is a mystery to me.)
The wiring on the right side of the plugboard controls the counter behavior, such as accumulating subtotals versus final totals. It also wires some of the counters together to form larger counters. For instance, counters 2C and 4D are combined to form a single 6-digit counter. 8 I won't explain the counter control wiring here; the manuals15 explain how it works.
"Summary punching" is another interesting feature of the accounting machine. This lets you take a large file of cards and punch a smaller summary file. For the tax plugboard, one summary card is punched for each employee, with the totals for that employee. Thus, a card file with one record for each employee's pay period is reduced to a much smaller file with one card for the employee's yearly totals. This smaller card file can then be used for further processing.
Summary punching is accomplished by connecting a summary punch machine (above right) to the accounting machine (left) through a thick cable. A hub on the plugboard is wired to enable summary punching, and another hub is wired to control when to punch a card. For the tax plugboard, a summary card is punched for each minor total with the wiring below. A separate plugboard on the summary punch machine controlled which columns were punched on the summary card.
Inside the 403 Accounting Machine
Its amazing how much functionality these accounting machines could provide without the benefit of electronics, purely through clever electromechanical systems. Inside the accounting machine is a maze of motors, rotating shafts, cams and clutches, making it seem more like a car than a computer—it even contained an oil pump! With all these mechanical parts a 403 accounting machine weighed over a ton (2515 pounds / 1143 kg).
On the plugboard, a wire is used to route a column of the card. How does a character on the card get sent across this wire? How does a counter perform addition? And how does the result get printed? The accounting machines use clever mechanisms, closely tied to the structure of a punched card, to perform these operations.
In modern terms, a character is encoded serially over a wire, by a single pulse whose timing depends on the position of the hole. These pulses start and stop the counters used to add values. These pulses also control the timing of the typebars that print the result. How these pulses are generated and how they electromechanically control the system will be described more below.
The 403's timing is based off the rotating shafts that drive the machine, rather than clock time. Each revolution of the shaft corresponds to a "card cycle", the reading and processing of one card. The fundamental timing unit is a rotation of 18°: this is the time between reading successive card holes, moving a typebar by one character, and rotation of a counter by one count. At 150 cards per minute, these values work out to approximately 400 milliseconds per card and 20 milliseconds per 18° step, remarkably fast for mechanical operations.
Reading cards
To understand the accounting machine, one must first understand how punched cards hold data. Punched cards hold 80 characters of data; each character is represented by the hole pattern in a column. The card below shows how numbers and the alphabet are punched; each character is printed at the top of the card with the corresponding punches in the column below. A digit is simply represented by a hole in the corresponding row, 0 through 9. (Note that numbers are stored in decimal, not binary.) To support alphanumeric data, two "zone" rows were added above the digit rows.10 A letter is represented by putting two holes in a column: a zone punch and a digit punch.11
You might expect the accounting machine to read cards a column at a time, so one character gets processed at a time. But instead, cards are read "sideways", starting at the bottom. All 80 columns are read in parallel, one row at a time, starting with row 9 and ending with row 0 and then the zone rows. The accounting machine uses sets of 80 wire brushes to read a card, one for each column. If there is a hole, the brush makes contact with the energized metal roller underneath the card, completing a circuit and generating a pulse. Thus, each column will have a pulse corresponding to its hole, with the 9 pulse first, followed by 8 and so forth, ending with 0. Thus, each character is encoded serially, and each plugboard wire carries one of these serial signals, but all columns are processed in parallel.
The accounting machine's printing mechanism consists of 88 typebars;12 each vertical bar holds all the characters that can be printed. The typebars move vertically to line up the proper characters and then hammers13 hit the typebars into an inked ribbon to print the selected characters. Thus, the characters in a line of text are printed simultaneously.
The wires in the plugboard control what gets printed by stopping each rising typebar at the right time to select the desired character. The motion of the typebars is carefully timed to match the reading of a card, so the "3" row (for instance) of a card is read at the same time that the "3" on the typebar moves into position. If the brush's hub is wired to a column's print hub, this signal energizes a print magnet, releasing a "stop pawl" which meshes with a tooth on the typebar, stopping it with the "3" character in position to print. If a "2" is read instead, the brush reads the hole one time unit later; the typebar will have risen one more position, causing a "2" to be printed.
The printing mechanism consists of a complex arrangement of mechanical parts: cams, pawls, slides, springs and clutches, in combination with electromagnets to activate these parts at the right time. The mechanism can print 100 lines per minute, so the parts are flying around rapidly and require exact timing. The typebars move one position for every 18° rotation of the driveshaft, keeping them synchronized with card reading.
The heart of the accounting machine is the electromechanical counters that sum the values. Each digit in a counter is represented by a wheel that rotates to perform addition. The position of the wheel indicates the digit. For instance, to add 27 to a counter, the tens digit wheel is rotated two positions and the unit wheel is rotated seven positions. Thus, to add the value in a card field, the wheels must rotate an amount corresponding to the number punched in the card. The wheel starts rotating when a hole is read, rotates one position as each additional row is read, and stops reading at row 0. Since row 9 is read first and row 0 is last, the result is the counter rotates the number of positions indicated by the hole.
The photo above shows a two-digit counter unit. The counter wheels are at the left. The start and stop coils cause the counter to start and stop rotating at the correct times by activating lever arms that control a clutch under the wheel. Carry is implemented by cams underneath the wheel that close electrical contacts. On the back of the board are the electrical contacts that read out the value stored in the counter; these are wired to the connector on the right.
The plugboard specifies which card columns are added to which counter digits. To add a field's value to a counter, a column's read brush is wired to the counter through the plugboard, so the card controls how much the counter rotates. This signal activates the counter's start coil, engaging the counter's clutch and starting the counter's rotation. At the 0 position, the stop coil disengages the clutch, stopping the counter. For instance, if the brush read a 7 from the card, the counter will rotate through seven positions before stopping, adding 7 to its value. If the brush read a 1, the counter will rotate by just one position. The reason this works is the synchronization between card movement and counter rotation; an 18° rotation corresponds to the card moving by one row as well as one count on the counter wheel. (A counter wheel has 20 positions spaced 18° apart. Counting by 10 rotates the wheel halfway.) Subtraction is performed by adding the complement.14
A carry from one position to the next is handled by a complex mechanism. You might expect that when one wheel rolls over from 9 to 0, it increments the higher wheel like an odometer, but that would be slow for multi-digit counters. (Keep in mind that the counters can add 150 numbers per minute, so they are spinning rapidly.) Instead, the counters use a mechanism similar to carry lookahead. If a wheel is at 9, an electrical contact closes, allowing a lower-order carry to be passed through to the higher wheel. If a wheel passes from 9 to 0, it closes a different electrical contact, generating a carry. After the "regular" addition, any necessary carries are generated in parallel and added in a single time step. Thus, something like 99999999+1 isn't delayed by a ripple carry; instead all digits get a carry in parallel.
The accounting machine is controlled by hundreds of relays, electromechanical switches that provide all the "control logic" for the system. The photo below shows the back of the accounting machine, filled with relays; more relays are on the end panel. To generate timing signals signals for the relays, switches were opened and closed by cams attached to the rotating shaft. Thus, everything in the system is timed from the rotating shaft.
Punched card data processing is almost forgotten now, but it ruled data processing for almost a century. Even before computers existed, businesses used punched cards and tabulators for accounting. IBM's accounting machines were able to perform surprisingly complex tasks even though they were built from electromechanical components that seem primitive today. Accounting machines and plugboard programming remained popular into the 1960s, when businesses gradually switched to stored-program business computers such as the IBM 1401. Even so, IBM continued marketing accounting machines until 1976. Incredibly, one company in Texas still uses an IBM 402 accounting machine for their accounting today (details), illustrating the amazing longevity of punched card technology.
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Thanks to Carl Claunch (one of the Xerox Alto restoration co-conspirators) for providing the plugboard and documentation.
Notes and references
April 15 is traditionally tax day in the US, but if you don't have your taxes done yet, don't panic. In 2017, US tax day is April 18 due to the weekend and holiday. ↩
To support addition, tabulators used a module called an "accumulator" with rotating dials to hold decimal numbers. This accumulator gave its name to the accumulator register still used in microprocessors today. For example, Intel's x86 processors have a register called EAX, the EXtended Accumulator. ↩
The history of IBM's tabulating machines is described in IBM's Early Computers. Also see Columbia University's computing timeline. ↩
Another part of the unit record system is the card sorter, which rapidly sorts cards on a field, putting them in the proper order to be processed by an accounting machine. I discuss IBM card sorters in detail here. ↩
The 402 and 403 accounting machines were essentially the same except the 403 could print three-line addresses. In order to print three lines from one card, the 403 has three card reading stations instead of two. (That is, it read each card three times using three sets of 80 brushes). This feature is called MLP (multi-line printing) and is useful for printing addresses on invoices, for instance. An MLP card is indicated with a special punch: 8, 9 and (1, 2, 3 or 4) punched in a single column; the last digit controls the number of lines printed. ↩
I wouldn't be surprised if these accounting machines were technically Turing-complete due to their support for conditional operations, although it's unclear how to represent the tape. Perhaps storage could be implemented by punching a new deck of cards on each cycle through the machine. Of course this would be impractical for any real use. ↩
I suspect each card represents one employee pay stub and each field indicates a payroll deduction. However, there are alternative explanations for the plugboard. For instance, the id field could indicate a company division, and each card represents a subdivision. In this case, the accounting machine could be totaling the tax deductions for each division such as business expenses and depreciation. Or each card could represent one month. Since there are no variable names, it is speculation. ↩
The table below summarizes the program implemented by the plugboard, showing the mapping between input fields on the card and output fields on the printer.
Card columns Output columns Subtotal counter Total counter 1-4 1-4 4C 34-38 5-10 8D 4A/2D 44-45 11-18 8A 8B 61-66 19-26 6A 2C/4D 67-71 27-32 6B 2A/4B 28-33 35-40 6C 8C 14-17 4D from switch 2B Columns 14-17 are summed but not printed. Presumably they are punched on the summary punch card. Columns 34-38 are only processed if the "setup change 1" switch is active. Counter 2B is controlled by the panel switch, adding either 2 or 5 each step. I can't figure out a reason for this; I assume the plugboard on the summary punch (which I don't have) does something useful with this value. ↩
The tax plugboard I'm examining was labeled with embossing tape which dates the labeling of the board to post 1958. The board could originally be older, or it could have been used into the 1960s. ↩
The row above "0" is called 11 or X, while the row above that is 12. For alphabetical characters, the "0" row is used as a zone instead of a digit. (This causes some complications in the accounting machine, such as a special mechanism to print a "numeric zero" versus a "zone zero".) ↩
This punch card code evolved into EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code), the encoding used by IBM computers in place of ASCII. Many of the strange characteristic of EBCDIC, such as the alphabet not being entirely sequential, are due to its roots in punched cards. ↩
The accounting machine has typebars on the left that print alphanumerics and typebars on the right that just print digits. For alphanumeric printing, the digit signal moves the typebar in steps of four, while the zone signal moves the typebar 0 through 3 steps. Thus, an alphanumeric character can be printed. Typebars with special characters could also be installed, to print $, @, - or %. ↩
You might expect that to print each line, all the hammers hit the typebars, but it's more complex than that. First, each hammer has a mechanical "hammerlock" control, which can enable the hammer, disable the hammer, or put the hammerlocked hammers under program control. Thus, part of the line may be printed or suppressed based on the data. In addition, the hammers also have mechanical "hammersplit" levers which when raised cause leading zeros in a field to be suppressed. This allows the value "000123" to be printed as " 123" for instance. ↩
Subtraction uses 9's complement addition. That is, subtracting a digit n is done by adding 9-n. This is accomplished mechanically by starting the counter's rotation at position 9 and stopping when a hole is read. For example, if the hole is at position 7, the counter will increment by two positions. There are a few complications with 9's-complement subtraction. The answer is off by one, but an "end-around carry" adds 1 to yield the correct result. Negative numbers require special handling to be printed properly using the "net balance method" or the "balance selection" method; see the 403 manual if you care about the details. The numeric typebars include a "CR" symbol, which indicates negative numbers as a "credit". On a punch card, negative numbers are typically indicated with an X-punch (i.e. a zone punch in row 11) over the value. ↩
IBM's accounting machine manuals are available on Bitsavers. The operation of the IBM accounting machines is discussed in detail in: IBM 402, 403 and 419 Accounting Machines: Manual of Operation. For a thorough discussion of how the machine works internally, see IBM 402, 403, 419 Field Engineering Manual of Instruction. For an overview of how plugboard wiring for IBM's works, see IBM Functional Wiring Principles. ↩


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Editor's Note – In what SUA and many others consider to be just another bad decision on appointments to the highest posts in the land for his second term, President Obama has nominated John Brennan to the post of Director for the Central Intelligence Agency.
As we have posted often, this nominee along with Chuck Hagel to the post of Secretary of Defense and John Kerry, already confirmed as Secretary of State, comprise a three legged rickety stool placed in front of the door to America to bar threats to the security of our nation. In the attached piece, Andy C. McCarthy shows us why this third leg may be the weakest. When you are so blatantly and arrogantly ignorant, or willfully blind of who our enemies are, how can this man be charged with the task of handling America's intelligence at this most crucial time?
Oppose Brennan for CIA Director
Posted By Andrew C. McCarthy
To cut to the chase, a country that was serious about its national security would never put John Brennan in charge of its premier intelligence service.
Of course, it is by no means clear that the United States is any longer a serious country in this regard. Serious countries do not fund, arm and "partner with" hostile regimes. They do not recruit enemy sympathizers to fill key governmental policy positions. They do not erect barriers impeding their intelligence services from understanding an enemy's threat doctrine – in conscious indifference to Sun Tzu's maxim that defending oneself requires knowing one's enemies. All of these malfeasances have become staples of Obama policy, under the guidance of Brennan, the president's counterterrorism guru.
Still, the installation of a Beltway operator whose métier is misinformation as director of central intelligence would be an epic mismatch of man and mission. It would expand unseriousness to new frontiers of self-inflicted peril.
The reason is as elementary as it gets: The purpose of intelligence is to see what your enemy is trying to hide, to grasp how your enemy thinks, and how he cleverly camouflages what he thinks. That, to be certain, is the only security against stealthy foes who specialize in sabotage, in exploiting the liberties that make free societies as vulnerable as they are worth defending.
Mr. Brennan, to the contrary, is the incarnation of willful blindness. His tenure as Obama's top national security advisor has been about helping our enemies throw sand in our eyes and thus enabling the sabotage.
As I detail in The Grand Jihad, which recounts the Muslim Brotherhood's history, ideology, and self-proclaimed "civilization jihad" against the West, sabotage is the Brotherhood's defining practice. Indeed, "sabotage" is the word the Brothers themselves use to describe their work. It appears in an internal memorandum, which elaborates that the organization sees its mission in the United States as "eliminating and destroying Western civilization from within." Besides that long-term goal, the Brotherhood's network of American affiliates have pursued the more immediate aim of materially supporting Hamas, a formally designated terrorist organization to which the provision of material support is a felony under federal law.
None of that is new. It was not merely well known but had been proved in court by the Justice Department a year before Obama took office. I refer to the Justice Department's 2008 Hamas financing prosecution, the Holy Land Foundation case. Yet, counterterrorism czar Brennan remains undeterred, a driving force of the Obama administration's "Islamic outreach" – a campaign to give Islamist organizations influence over U.S. policy. That several of those organizations were proved in the HLF case to be members of the Muslim Brotherhood's American network is clearly of no moment.
Two such organizations are the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) and the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA). They were among a slew of Islamist groups who wrote to Brennan in October 2011 to demand a purge of information about Islamist ideology that was being used to train U.S. intelligence and law-enforcement agents. Much of that information was developed in federal investigations that have led to the convictions of violent jihadists. Nevertheless, the Obama administration has slavishly complied (see, e.g., here and here).
Understand: CAIR and ISNA, though never indicted, were proved to be conspirators in the Brotherhood's Holy Land Foundation scheme to promote and finance Hamas. In fact, the FBI formally cut ties with CAIR as a result of the HLF case (although why they had ties with CAIR in the first place remains baffling). The training materials the Islamist groups insisted be removed include documentation of the fact that terrorism committed by Muslims is driven by an ideology rooted in Islamic scripture.
That this irrefutable fact makes us uncomfortable renders it no less a fact. Maybe the State Department and the White House press office have the luxury of trading in convenient fictions in order to reduce international tensions. Not intelligence agencies. The point of intelligence – a bedrock of national security – is to see the world as it is, not as we wish it to be.
Here is how it is: Islamic supremacism, the sharia-based ideology of Islamists, is an interpretation of Muslim doctrine that is entirely mainstream among the world's Muslims. That is why Islamists are winning elections in the Middle East even as they are found aligning with violent jihadists. Islamic supremacism is, in fact, widely promoted by the Brotherhood, and by such tentacles of its American network as CAIR and ISNA, when they are not otherwise deceptively disavowing its existence.
This Islamist ideology is incorrigibly anti-Western and anti-Semitic. It is deeply hostile to principles of equality and individual liberty (free speech, freedom of conscience, privacy, economic freedom, etc.) that undergird our Constitution, the American conception of civil rights, and the West's conception of human rights. Understand Islamist ideology and you will readily understand the ferocity of Islamic resistance to American efforts to promote democracy in the Middle East – not merely jihadist resistance but broad Islamic resistance.
Yet, in a propaganda campaign reminiscent of those waged by the Nazis and the Soviets, Islamists and their fellow travelers (Brennan-types who might be thought of as "anti-anti-Islamists") purport to be champions of human rights. When it suits them, they even feign reverence for individual liberties (particularly when it comes to the rights of Muslim in America … but don't you dare ask them how non-Muslims fare in, say, Saudi Arabia).
The counter to such a propaganda campaign is a job for intelligence agencies. The point of having a sprawling intelligence community on which American taxpayers annually lavish $55 billion – far more than the vast majority of countries spend on national defense – is precisely to see through the deceptions of those who mean us harm, to perceive the threats against us for what they are. That the competent performance of this essential function may be fraught with political complications is supposed to be a challenge for our politicians, not our intelligence agents. The latter's mission of unearthing hidden and often excruciating truths is hard enough.
Brennan's agenda is the antithesis of the intelligence mission. His goal has been to portray our enemies as a small, unthreatening fringe of charlatan "violent extremists," who kill wantonly and are unconnected to any "legitimate" Islam. Thus, he maintains for example that the only "legitimate" interpretation of the "tenet of Islam" known as jihad is: a "holy struggle … to purify oneself or one's community."
Even taken at face value, Brennan's assertion is absurd. There is between Islam and the West no common understanding of the good, and thus no consensus about "purity." In Islam, to "purify" something means to make it more compliant with sharia, Islam's legal code and societal framework. Sharia is anti-freedom and anti-equality, so to purify oneself in an Islamic sense would necessarily mean something very different from what we in the West would think of as struggling to become a better person.
But there is an even more fundamental reason not to take Brennan's remarks at face value: they run afoul of what mainstream Islam itself says about jihad. Have a look at Reliance of the Traveller, the popular sharia manual (it is available on Amazon). It is quite straightforward on the matter: "Jihad means to war against non-Muslims." Reliance, you should know, has been expressly endorsed by al-Azhar University in Egypt (Islam's center of learning since the tenth century) and the International Institute of Islamic Thought (the Brotherhood's America-based Islamist think-tank). It is a lot more authoritative than John Brennan's wishful meanderings. Maybe the president actually thinks Brennan knows more about Islam than do these scholars who have spent their lives steeped in Islamic doctrine and jurisprudence. I have my doubts … and, judging from the profound influence of these scholars, so do many millions of Muslims.
In Brennan's world we're to believe that holy war is not much different from the struggle to remember to brush after every meal. In Brennan's world, there is also no need to fret over anti-American terrorists who return to the jihad with alarming regularity once they are released from Guantanamo Bay. After all, Brennan observes, common criminals have high recidivism rates, too. Mass-murderers, pick-pockets … as they say in the administration, "What difference does it make?"
And then there's the skill of offending our friends while enabling our enemies. Brennan refers to Jerusalem, the Israeli capital, as "al-Quds." That is the name used by Islamists who reject the Jewish state's right to exist, who claim Jerusalem and the rest of Israel as their own. In fact, as Brennan undoubtedly knows, it was Ayatollah Khomeini who denominated Iran's annual ritual of anti-Israeli protest as "al-Quds Day." Moreover, the Islamic Republic, which has repeatedly vowed to wipe Israel off the map, calls its most lethal terrorist operatives the "al-Quds" forces.
Brennan's sense of outrage, unnoticeable in response to slights against a faithful U.S. ally, is instead reserved for the "ignorant feelings" of Americans riled by jihadist attacks against our country. For Brennan, Americans' anger at Islamists, our perception that the ideology that breeds terrorists is just as much a problem as the terrorists themselves, is "Islamophobia" – a smear cleverly concocted by Islamists to deflect examination. Brennan claims to have seen Islamophobia rear its racist head in the public reaction to the Fort Hood attack – the worst jihadist mass-murder in America since 9/11, but one the Obama administration prefers to think of as "workplace violence."
Brennan claims that Hezbollah, Iran's Lebanese terror militia, is a "very interesting organization," whose "moderate elements" have evolved it from "purely a terrorist organization" into a political party whose members now serve in the Lebanese government. This, again, is rose-tinted nonsense, bespeaking breathtaking ignorance about the history and operations of jihadists who, until 9/11, had killed more Americans than any other terror network. Hezbollah has never been "purely a terrorist organization." Like the Muslim Brotherhood, which the Brennan-influenced Obama administration similarly sees as "moderate" (even "largely secular"), Hezbollah has always seen terrorism as one item in a varied menu. For three decades, it has also specialized in media campaigns, social welfare work, lawfare, infiltration of academe, and political activism. Its objective – again, like the Brotherhood's – is to advance the Islamic revolution at the expense of non-Muslims by any method that shows promise under the circumstances.
Hezbollah is part of the Islamist vanguard waging a global campaign against liberty. But with their Brennan blinders on, the Obama administration chooses not to see it. They see "moderates" committed to participating in a "political process." This same thinking has led the administration to issue a visa to an admitted member of the Blind Sheikh's terrorist organization (the Islamic Group) so he could come to the White House with other newly minted Egyptian "parliamentarians" to discuss U.S. policy in the Middle East. This mindset also explains why the administration negotiates with the Taliban, just as it negotiated with the terrorists who murdered American troops in Karbala – ultimately releasing the ringleader, Ali Mussa Daqduq.
There may be a place in government, even in the intelligence community, for discrediting our enemies – for conducting operations that highlight their excesses and making them appear illegitimate in the eyes of those whose allegiance they seek to win. There is no place, however, for deceiving the American people by politicizing intelligence. That Brennan specialty, an exhaustive effort to miniaturize the threats against our nation and appease the president's Islamist allies, is the antithesis of what we have a CIA for.
To be sure, I have no illusions that Senate Republicans will do the right thing by the country and block Brennan's nomination to run the CIA. This is not Ronald Reagan's Republican Party. That was a party that looked at America's enemies and said, "We win, you lose"; a party that was unafraid to wage ideological battle against enemy ideologies, regardless of the inevitable caterwauling of the enemies' sympathizers. Today's very different Republicans vote to arm and fund the Muslim Brotherhood; they endorse sharia constitutions as "democracy"; and they get exercised not over the infiltration of pro-Islamists in our government but over the temerity of a bare handful of conservatives to raise concerns about that infiltration.
Chuck Hagel's confirmation hearing last week only bolstered concerns that he is utterly unfit to serve as secretary of defense. Yet, some Republicans have announced that they will vote for him anyway, and some others who purport to oppose him have signaled that they have no intention of mounting a filibuster, the only procedure that could derail him. Consequently, they've ensured that he will be confirmed. So let's not kid ourselves: Senate Republicans who will let Hagel take control of the Defense Department, and who just joined Democrats in a 94-3 landslide confirmation of John Kerry – a devotee of Obama's Muslim Brotherhood empowerment strategy – are not going to put up a fight over Brennan.
But that will not alter reality any more than Brennan's whitewashed Islam alters the reality of Islamic supremacism. The fact will remain: If intelligence is to be politicized so that we let our guard down, then the United States would be better off with no CIA than with a CIA headed by John Brennan.


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Installing mod_cloudflare For Apache HTTPd 2.4 On Debian 8 (Jessie) Via Aptitude Repository
[Update on 2019-09-19] Warning: From Debian 9 (stretch) upwards, according to the official documentation Cloudflare has dropped support for mod_cloudflare. Instead they recommend replacing it with the new alternative: the official Apache HTTPd module mod_remoteip.
If you are using the Cloudflare proxy functionality, you will find that your web server will end up only working with Cloudflare's IPs instead of the visitors'. After quite some time I thought that there has to be a better way to go about this, and I found mod_cloudflare, a solution officially developed by Cloudflare themselves.
When I was looking at the official Cloudflare documentation on how to install mod_cloudflare for Apache 2.4 on Debian 8 (Jessie) today, I was disappointed to find that they were only recommending manual ways: installing a .deb package or compiling the module yourself.
Luckily I found a guide on how to accomplish the installation with the standard apt-get / aptitude tool for Debian / Ubuntu.
This is how:
- Add the aptitude repository to a new sources list file, e.g. at /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cloudflare-main.list - with this content:
deb http://pkg.cloudflare.com/ jessie main
- Download the Cloudflare repository key and add it to the aptitude known keys:
# wget https://pkg.cloudflare.com/pubkey.gpg # apt-key add pubkey.gpg # rm pubkey.gpg
- Update the aptitude cache:
# aptitude update
- Look at which packages are available in the new repository:
# grep ^Package: /var/lib/apt/lists/pkg.cloudflare.com_dists_jessie_main_binary-amd64_Packages
- Install mod_cloudflare:
# aptitude install libapache2-mod-cloudflare
- Restart the Apache HTTPd service:
# service apache2 restart
Hopefully this way of installing will enable everyone to update / maintain it much more easily and with less one-time use packages installed.
Additionally, this could prove even more useful for people who want to install more Cloudflare packages.
I am confident that this method also works for Ubuntu and other versions of Debian - just replace the "jessie" part in the aptitude sources list file with your distribution major release codename (like "wheezy" for Debian 7 or "vivid" for Ubuntu 15.04).
Thanks for reading!
Original source: https://emtunc.org/blog/01/2016/installing-mod_cloudflare-ubuntu-14-04-apache-server/


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Mindy McCready Dead -- Country Music Star Dies of Suicide
Mindy McCready Dead Commits Suicide
The Cleburne County Sheriff's Office released a statement this evening that reads:
"At 3:31 PM, Sunday, February 17th Deputies from the Cleburne County Sheriff's Office were dispatched to a report of gun shots fired in the area of 1132 Fox Chase Drive in Heber Springs. Officers arrived on the scene at 3:58 PM and discovered the body of 37 year old Melinda Gayle McCready on the front porch of the residence at 1132 Fox Chase. Ms. McCready was pronounced dead at the scene from what appears to be a single self-inflicted gunshot wound. At this time family members have been notified of the incident. Ms. Mcready will be transported to the Arkansas State Crime Lab for an autopsy and the matter will be fully investigated."
Troubled country music star Mindy McCready was found dead Sunday of an apparent suicide ... this according to various reports. She was 37.
A source close to McCready tells TMZ ... McCready shot herself and her dog. Neighbors reported hearing the two gunshots.
We're told McCready had been a mess since the father of her youngest child, record producer David Wilson, was found dead in his home on January 13 of an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound.
McCready's two children were removed from her home by a judge on February 6 and she was committed to a treatment facility for a mental-health and alcohol-abuse evaluation. She was released two days later.
McCready had attempted suicide twice before -- once in 2005 and again in 2008. She also made several trips to rehab and appeared in 2010 on the VH1 reality show "Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew."


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Click here to visit our LinkskyVisual.com home page.
Sign up for your Free Trial today!
Once you complete the site creation process, you can begin customizing your site. We have given you a head start with a style, a basic layout with Text and Picture Widgets, some content to help you get started and your business address (if you opted to add that) - all of which you can begin editing right away.
First off, you can change the layout of your page by clicking on the Layout menu. Selecting a layout will make it much easier to control the exact position of your content and will make your page look more attractive.
In LinkskyVISUAL, you drag widgets (components) from Widgets menu to start filling your page with text, pictures, video, slideshows and much more. Each type of content has its own widget.
To add a widget to your page, (What is a Widget?) click on the icon on the right of your screen and hold the mouse button down. Move your mouse pointer over onto your page. When you see the blue box outline appear, release your mouse button and the widget will be inserted into your page. If you are having difficulty with this, you can also double click on any of the icons and the widget will automatically be added at the bottom of your page.
Here are two basic ones to get you started:
Text: Before you can start typing on your page you need to drag and drop a Text Widget onto the page. This will create a text box for you to start typing in. Drag and drop the icon marked "Text" onto your page, or double click on it. Once you have dropped this widget onto your page, simply click inside the box and start typing.
Please note: Whenever you have a Text Widget selected on your page, you will see a Text Editing Toolbar along the top of your screen that allows you to format your text. This toolbar is only present when you need it, so don't worry if it suddenly "disappears" - this just means that you have a different item selected. Click on a Text Widget and the toolbar will come right back!
Pictures: You will probably want to add pictures from your own computer to your website at some stage. One quick and easy way to do this is with the Picture Widget. Simply drop one of these on your page (the icon marked "Picture", located in Widgets > Popular) and you will be taken through the steps of adding a picture.
You can also add a gallery of pictures, using the Picture Gallery Widget. For more information about this, take a look at this tutorial: Using the Picture Gallery Widget.
This is a brief introduction to how you go about adding content in LinkskyVISUAL. Please see out other topics for additional instruction.


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A solid majority of Americans trust that the results of the 2020 presidential election are accurate, but only about a quarter of Republicans do, according to a new NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist survey.
Sixty-one percent say they trust the results, including two-thirds of independents, but just 24% of Republican respondents say they accept the results.
Nonetheless, President-elect Joe Biden is set to take office Jan. 20, and the coronavirus pandemic will be a central focus. On that front, Americans largely have confidence in Biden's ability to handle the crisis, and the number saying they'll take a vaccine when it comes available has risen over the past few months. But skepticism about a vaccine is driven by Republicans, particularly Republican women.
A rocky transition
More than a month after Biden won the election and was declared president-elect, President Trump continues to baselessly allege widespread voter fraud and falsely claim the outcome is not yet known.
"We're going to have to see who the next administration is because we won in the swing states," Trump said Tuesday when asked why he wasn't including Biden transition officials during a coronavirus summit. "Hopefully, the next administration will be the Trump administration."
Unlike past presidents, Trump has refused to formally concede. That's something that two-thirds of Americans think he should do, according to the survey. Sixty-two percent of Republicans, however, don't think he should.
While he may not be acknowledging his loss publicly, behind the scenes, Trump has been discussing the possibility of running again in 2024, sources tell NPR.
A strong majority of Americans — 60% — don't want him to run again, but two-thirds of Republicans do. That effectively freezes the potential 2024 Republican primary field.
As far as Biden goes, most Americans (56%) so far approve of how he's handling himself during the transition. That's more than the 49% that approved of the job Trump was doing during the 2016 transition.
What's more, by a 59%-to-35% margin Americans think Biden will do more to unite than divide the country. That's far higher than the 43%-to-53% margin for whether Trump in 2016 would do more to unite than divide.
"There's not going to be a honeymoon from olden politics days, but there does appear to be some room with people willing to give [Biden] a chance," said Lee Miringoff, director of the Marist Institute for Public Opinion, which conducted the poll.
The impact of the coronavirus
One of the measures of Biden's presidency will be how he handles the coronavirus crisis. Americans appear to have confidence in the president-elect's ability to handle the pandemic — 62% said they were either confident or very confident.
But in his first year specifically, Biden is going to be judged on how vaccines are distributed and whether they are administered. Sixty-one percent of Americans now say they will take a vaccine when one comes available, up from just 49% in September.
The movement, though, comes mostly from increases with Democrats and independents.
The number of Republicans who said they will increased as well, but they remain largely split. That skepticism, however, is driven by Republican women. Just 34% of Republican women say they would take a vaccine when it comes available, compared with 61% of Republican men.
Also among the most reluctant to get the vaccine: Trump supporters (only 47% said they would), people who live in rural areas (51%), people without college degrees (53%), white evangelical Christians (54%) and non-whites (58%).
The coronavirus has affected a broad swath of Americans. About two-thirds said they or someone they know has gotten COVID-19. Forty percent said they or someone in their household has lost a job or income due to the coronavirus. Younger Americans and Americans of color are more likely to have been affected.
By a 51%-to-31% margin, those younger than 45 have been hurt financially — by them or someone in their household losing a job or income — compared with those who older.
Nonwhites are 14 points more likely to have been hurt than whites (49% to 35%).
With that, the message to Washington in this survey is: Do more.
Two-thirds said the U.S. government hasn't done enough financially to help Americans. While Congress has passed multiple relief packages since the virus first struck, Democrats and Republicans have been in a stalemate for more due to disputes over cost, business liability, and funding for states and localities to shore up their budgets.
And two-thirds, in general, think compromise is more important than standing on principle, which just a quarter of Americans think is most important. Republicans are less likely to think compromise is a good idea, but 53% still lean toward compromise to find solutions.
Behavioral changes
Americans themselves are trying to mitigate risk of catching the disease. More than 8 in 10 have changed their behavior by wearing masks, washing their hands more often, avoiding large gatherings and cutting back on where they go.
Traveling for the holidays was viewed as particularly risky, as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has advised — with 51% saying it is a major risk and another 28% saying it is at least a minor one.
Some three-quarters or more said they think there's at least some risk in eating inside at restaurants (81%), going in-person family gatherings (81%), having schools hold in-person classes (76%) and attending church (73%). But a plurality of Americans said those things only represent minor risks.
There is overwhelming support for a national mask-wearing mandate — nearly three-quarters of Americans say one would be a good idea — but there is less support for a national stay-at-home order if recommended by public health officials.
Americans were split on that question with 51% saying it's a good idea, but 45% saying it's a bad one. This was a polarizing question with three-quarters of Democrats saying it's a good idea, three-quarters of Republicans saying it's a bad one and independents split down the middle.
The survey was of 1,065 U.S. adults was conducted between Dec. 1 and Dec. 6 by telephone using live callers. The margin of error is 3.7 percentage points. There were 916 registered voters with a margin of error of 4.0 percentage points.
Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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One evening in the spring of 1993 I took a bus across San Francisco, leaving the troubled, largely impoverished neighborhood of the Western Addition, populated mostly by the descendents of African slaves, in which I lived (representing, I suppose, the artistic hippie beginnings of the gentrification process which has since pushed most of San Francisco's Black population across the bay). My closest friend at the time was someone I met because we were housemates in a big apartment. He was a tall man with a long, thick red mane and beaming eyes named Eric Mark. A brilliant engineer with a promising career as such who quit his job and became a cab driver in the interest of experiencing life more fully. Eric and I, along with one friend and two of his acquaintances, were headed to the Mission District, another troubled, impoverished neighborhood, this one populated mostly by the refugees from the wars in Guatemala and El Salvador, generally known as "immigrants."
Had we been just a clueless bunch of outsiders maybe we would have been fine, but two members of our party were of Mexican origin, and there was a gang war going on. It was the wee hours of the morning on May 1st and several of us were decorating a nearby abandoned building with political slogans appropriate for International Workers Day, while Eric and Alfredo were keeping watch, ostensibly for cops, on the sidewalk three stories below. A group of kids with a gun pulled up in a car and demanded the contents of Eric and Alfredo's pockets, which were promptly delivered. One young man then pointed his gun at Alfredo, who looked suspiciously Latin but was apparently causing offense because he was dressed entirely in black, which was not either one of the gang colors. Eric stepped in front of the gun, asked the kids what more they wanted now that they had taken their money, and the kid pulled the trigger.
A madman with a gun killed Eric. He didn't use an assault rifle, just a shotgun, and it didn't even make the news. The police investigation seemed to last a few hours at most, with no one identified, arrested, tried, or any of that. And although it was a somewhat unusual case in that Eric was white, he was otherwise just another one of many thousands of mostly young men killed that year, and every year since – one of many, many times more innocent people killed this way by guns, and as shocking and life-shattering for his friends and family when he was shot as it has been for those close to the stolen lives of Newtown, Aurora, or Blacksburg. The motivation for the crime? Gang initiation, perhaps. The motivation for the gang? Poverty, racism, drug prohibition – what you could call the madness of our society. A madman with a gun killed Eric, but what was it that drove him mad? Was this a "senseless murder"? "Senseless" meaning we can't make sense of it, it's so crazy it can't be understood?
Now there's been a massacre horrific enough to sustain the attention of the media as well as the general population for more than a few days, and there's a lot of talk about banning assault weapons, what to do about gun violence in the US, and how to improve mental health services for the sociopathic killers in our midst.
Banning assault weapons is a very good idea, no doubt, and I don't want to set up a straw man in order to knock it down, but a simplified version of the argument I'm hearing from a lot of mainstream as well as progressive media is if we had the gun laws of "other developed countries" we'd then have a similar homicide rate to those countries. While I'm sure that a lot fewer people would die on the streets and classrooms of the US if we could effectively ban assault weapons, what seems equally obvious is once such a ban went into effect we would still have a far higher homicide rate than "other developed countries," because we are not one of those "other developed countries," we are a banana republic.
I have spent several months of almost every year since the late 90's playing music in those other developed countries, mostly in northwestern Europe, and I can tell you from abundant first-hand observation that it is not just our gun laws that differentiate us from "other developed countries." I hear the talking heads making noises about expanding mental health services. Sounds like a nice idea, if you're into rearranging deck chairs on sinking ships. The elephant in the living room is we don't live in that kind of country. This isn't a country where people get "services." This is a country where you work or die, where you are denied essential surgery for not having insurance, where even if your insurance covers mental health care, that means three appointments with a psychiatrist and a prescription for Prozac. Not all deranged American mass murderers are from privileged suburban communities with parents who can easily afford them "mental health services."
This is America, this is a banana republic, this is a country with two oscillating ruling parties who both agree we should spend half our tax dollars on the military while governing over a country which has entire cities where the average lifespan is significantly lower than in many impoverished African countries. This is a country with four million people living on the street. You gonna give them mental health services? Before or after you find them a place to live and enough food to eat?
But it's a nice fantasy. We need lots of mental health services. And after we ban assault weapons it would be nice if our society didn't systematically breed alienated young men who learn to resent the more privileged and more attractive people they seem to be surrounded by, who ultimately dehumanize the socially more successful girls and women who are usually their targets when they snap and bring assault rifles and bombs to their schools. But once these people have been produced by our pathetic, jock-worshipping suburban school systems and our culture of commercialism and greed which constantly tells these unstable young men that they're not pretty enough, not sociable enough, or rich enough to ever get anywhere in life, then there's a lot more than some mental health services that they will need.
I know what it's like in countries where there is no underclass to speak of, where the social atmosphere in the public schools is much more reminiscent of a Waldorf school than a typical American public school, where people can talk sensibly about "improving mental health services" for an entire society. In the social democracies of Europe where most government housing is indistinguishable from privately-owned buildings, where almost all the jobs pay a decent wage and include at least several weeks of paid vacation every year, where any citizen can get a college education for free, where you can get across town or across the country more cheaply and faster in a train than in a car, people talk about "improving mental health services." It seems half the people I meet in places like that work in mental health services, it's like my own private joke, one that only visitors from a banana republic can understand. You ask a Scandinavian what they do for a living, and you'll see – a shocking amount of the time their answer will have something to do with caring for people. If they're older than their early twenties, they'll usually be highly trained experts with college degrees specializing in something having to do with education, taking care of the elderly, or helping drug addicts and people with mental problems. The conversation usually goes something like this:
Me: What do you do for a living?
Scandinavian: I'm a pedagog.
Me: Oh, I see. Do you specialize in children, the elderly, or drug addicts?
At which point the Scandinavian will respond with one of those three options, generally.
But the only reason they can have a society like that in those "other developed countries" is because they have a certain fundamental thing that we lack: democracy. For all the hype to the contrary, we live in the least democratic "developed country" around. You need go no further than the following for the evidence: while polls have shown consistently for decades that most Americans would rather spend their tax dollars on things like education, health care and housing, we instead spend half of our taxes on the military, sending generations of young men all over the world in order to learn how to be sociopathic killers. We spend more on taxes than the average Japanese. Whereas the Japanese get space-age mass transit and universal healthcare, we get Amtrak, prisons and an abundance of fighter jets and nuclear bombs to defend us from an enemy that has never really existed, that has always been nothing more than an excuse for a nakedly imperial, extremely violent foreign policy.
If any political party in Europe even talked about changing the system there so half of the taxes went to the military, they would be voted out of office in the next election. But they have multi-party democracies with political groupings that have radically differing opinions – we don't. It is our lack of democracy, the fact that we are a banana republic ruled by a consortium of energy companies and banks, that prevents us from "improving mental health services." "Improving mental health services" in America is like putting a new coat of paint on the Supermax penitentiary. It's a sick joke. We are not one of those "other developed countries" – we are a country with a huge portion of the population that lives with levels of violence that have far more in common with Bogota than Berlin, and for the same sorts of reasons. Inequality, poverty, lack of opportunity.
We can take away the assault rifles, and I hope we do, but until we develop a real democracy, stop spending all our money on bombs, and eliminate poverty – all of which can and has been done by many of those "other developed countries" – the innocent children and adults like Eric Mark and so many others will continue to be killed by "madmen" in "senseless acts of violence." And while Anders Breivik is evidence that even in a democratic, egalitarian society where assault weapons are not available over the counter, a dedicated fascist can still manage to import some guns from the USA and kill lots of innocent people if he really wants to, it is only once we have a democratic, egalitarian society ourselves that we will be able to stop the majority of the violence so rife on the streets of America: the violence caused by American poverty and American racism.
David Rovics is a singer/songwriter who grew up in suburban Connecticut, currently based in Portland, Oregon. Songs and poems he's written relevant to gun violence and modern-day massacres include "Song for Eric," "All the Ghosts That Walk This Earth," "I'm Taking Someone With Me When I Go," "Aurora Massacre," and "Breivik." All of these songs can be found at www.davidrovics.com for free download.


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Love for food
The food at Viceroy Royal Indian Dining is the kind that many of us at the restaurant grew up enjoying. The clay-oven-cooked meats and vegetables from our tandoor, the exotic seasonings in our masala and vindaloo dishes, the fragrant soups and biryanis. Everything, right down to the chai and kulfi that may finish your meal are served with the same care and attention as a home-cooked meal.


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With a quilted zip-in liner jacket, our water-resistant Colorblock 3-in-1 Jacket quickly adapts to the elements in the mountains or around the neighborhood. Simply zip the shell jacket and liner jacket together for maximum protection or wear either piece alone as conditions dictate.
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GLEAM-601 Pleaser Sexy Slip On 6 Inch High Heel Stripper Shoes
GLEAM-601 Pleaser Sexy Slip On 6 Inch High Heel Stripper Shoes
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Style Name: GLEAM-601 Service Status Update: for GLEAM-601 Colour Clear/Black. All stock in our UK warehouse will be dispatched within 24 hours, there are no delays at our UK Warehouse based in England in respect of order dispatches and retuns. Please Contact Us to check Stock availability: Contact Us.
Footwear: Platform Shoes
Heel Height: 6" Heel and a 1 3/4" Platform
Colour: Clear/Black
Brand: Pleaser
Range: 6" - 6 1/2" Heel
Fitting: True to Size
Material: PVC Uppers, MICROFIBER Midsole, N/A Lining and a RUBBER Outsole.
Brief Description: 6 Inch Heel and a 1 3/4 Inch Platform Comfort Width Slide Slip Ons - 6" (152mm) Heel, 1 3/4" (44mm) Platform Comfort Width Slide
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We are often asked, Are Pleaser Branded Footwear big or Small made? All Pleasers shoes are marked in the U.S. women's sizing. If you are looking for a pair of Pleasers, The shoe size Chart conversion table below serves as guide to help you determine the sizing equivalent of our products in different parts of the world. Please note that the actual sizing may differ slightly from the chart as the size conversions listed are APPROXIMATE - there is no universally accepted international conversion for shoe sizing; it may also vary slightly from collection to collection among our different brands when considering Pleasers Shoes Sizes.


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Vossloh is a leading global rail technology company. Rail infrastructure is the core business of the Group. We offer our customers throughout the world integrated solutions from a single source. We make an important contribution to the mobility of people and the transport of commodities – safe, sustainable and environmentally friendly.
A passion that leads to the top.
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The future is bright for railways around the world. That is our core business. We're constantly developing new solutions for rail transport. We expand existing markets and access new ones. We grow with the challenge. For a safer future.
Satisfied employees. Sound corporation.
We do a lot to allow everyone to develop their potential to the fullest. We recognise performance and successes. And we want our employees to be able to cope with their work and private lives. That's important and we support it. This means we strive every day to make our working environment even better. Health is the top priority in everything we do, as is safety.
We have values we stand by.
We're Vossloh: Approximately 4,000 employees with individual ways of life from different cultures. What unites us is trust in our business, respect towards every individual, entrepreneurial thinking and excellent performance. We're fair and open. We keep our word. And to do so, we not only want the best, but also the right colleagues.
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Everything from a single source. That saves travel, time and money. This is why our integrated solutions in railway infrastructure are so successful – because all products and services are tailored to each other. One thing suits another, everything fits. Our experts know about the details while keeping an overall view.
We're on the move. With us, you're heading in the right direction.
Mobility is the pulse of a globalised world. Our range of services places Vossloh at the heartbeat of its markets. It's our goal to overcome distances and connect people. We trust in railways – a safe, economic and eco-friendly mode of transport.
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From paper shredders to air purifiers to modular walls, see how we're improving WorkLife across spaces everywhere.
Design Days 2024
2024 Earth Report
Nightingale Silver Award Winner 2023
Interior Design Best of Year Finalist 2023
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Operating as a fourth-generation family business establishes our cultural foundation. It's a shared ideal among our team to align under our commitment to integrity and solidifying the relationships that matter most.
Fellowes GIVE is a purpose-led corporate initiative in which we partner with organizations to help meet some of the most fundamental human needs in our local communities.
How we shape the world of work today has a profound impact on the world of tomorrow. By building sustainability and stewardship into every level of our organization, we can protect the worklife potential of our children and grandchildren.


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The black tourmaline crystal is the stone for grounding & protection.
with the scent from the blend of lemongrass & patchouli organic essential oils.
100 %natural wax
Burn time 60H - Size 800 ml
On the back of the insert card you will find a qr code for a guided crystal candle meditation.
We design in Copenhagen and handmade in our own factory in Mallorca. We only order produce in order to avoid stock. In all our design we always have a "re-use" in focus so just clean the glass or ceramic with hot water and use in your day to day when no longer used as a candle. If you wish to part ways, please recycle.
You can either leave the stones in your candle or take them out.
If you leave the crystals in your candle the stones can slide when the wax starts to melt. Just move the stones gently for them not to put out the flame.
For the optimal burning time, always burn you candle for 2-3 hours before blowing it out. This will keep it even, avoid "tunnelling", and best way to let the scent fill the room.
Remember to trim the wick to 0.5 cm before burning your candle and never leave your candle unattended.
When you light your candle to set your intention. Let your heart, soul and stone know your dream.
Feel the energy of the stone and let this be your soul to stone time to connect.
Find your favorite place to be and scan the qr code on the back of the card, for a guided crystal candle meditation, and let be a minute where you create your moment.


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Is the health insurance plan for someone you know being cancelled? He may be able to regain that very coverage. See C. Steven Tucker's "The TRUTH about Preexisting Conditions." Be advised. The cancellations have not stopped.
C. Steven Tucker deconstructs Obamacare in 25 minutes at a health care town hall at Marian University with the "Chicks On The Right" on November 20, 2013. The event was sponsored by 93.1 WIBC in Indianapolis, Tilson HR and Americans For Prosperity – Indiana. Watch the video here:


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CircuitGizmos provides products for sale that are designed and produced by the creative minds at CircuitGizmos, USBmicro, Amber Waves Electronics, and other fun sources of clever engineering.
Here you can purchase the USBmicro U401 and U421 USB interface that has support for SPI, LCD, 1-wire, stepper motor control, input, and output.
CircuitGizmos sells the Color Maximite 2 Computer in the form of the CG RetroMax. The Maximite runs BASIC and supports a display on VGA. A keyboard can interface to the Maximite as well as I2C, SPI, and serial devices.
The Sensor.Engine:Micro is a great way to augment a solderless breadboard and interface to things like the small boards in the 37 sensor kits. This is an easily programmed STEM controller.
CircuitGizmos also sells the unique USBPIR USB motion detection module and home automation and security software made to work with these devices.


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Heat Waves & Cold Snaps Kill 2,000 Each Year in US
About 2,000 Americans die each year due to extreme weather conditions, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Researchers looked at all 10,649 weather-related deaths in the U.S. between 2006 and 2010, and found that 63 percent were caused by exposure to excessive cold, and 31 percent were due to heat. The remaining 6 percent were attributed to floods, storms or lightning.
About 70 percent of weather-related deaths were among men, according to the report, which was released today (July 30). [Top 10 Surprising Results of Global Warming]
Although average winter temperatures across the United States have risen since the late 1970s, many areas still experience extremely low temperatures, the researchers said. Previous studies have shown that extreme cold is deadlier than extreme heat.
Still, extremely hot weather can cause hyperthermia, a condition in which the body absorbs more heat than it dissipates. Heat can also worsen existing medical conditions, such as heart and respiratory diseases, and cause death.
The frequency and intensity of extreme weather conditions — such as heat waves, cold snaps, and storms — are expected to increase in the future as a result of climate change, and previous studies in several countries have predicted more people will die because of heat waves in the future.
In the United States, the combined effects of a warming climate, the aging U.S. population and the increasing number of people living in urban areas may result in an increasing number of people at risk of dying from heat, the researchers said.
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In the new report, the researchers found that for both heat-related and cold-related deaths, adults' risk of dying increased with age, and was particularly high for people older than 75.
For infants, the risk of dying from heat was higher than the risk of dying from cold, the researchers found. During the study period, infants died from extreme heat at a rate of 4 deaths per 1 million U.S. infants, compared with 1 cold-related death per 1 million U.S. infants, according to the report.
To prevent heat-related deaths and medical complications during extremely hot summer days, the CDC recommends staying in air-conditioned buildings, staying hydrated and checking twice a day on those who are most at risk.
Email Bahar Gholipour. Follow Live Science @livescience, Facebook & Google+. Originally published on Live Science.


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Start-Up & Entity Formation Services in Fremont
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