text:
Battle of Trenton
Battle of Trenton | |||||||
Part of the New York and New Jersey campaign | |||||||
Battle of Trenton, a 1975 portrait of the battle by H. Charles McBarron Jr. | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
United States | Hesse-Kassel | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
George Washington Nathanael Greene John Sullivan | Johann Rall † | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
2,400[2] | 1,500[3] | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
2 dead from exposure 5 wounded[4] |
22 killed 83 wounded 800–900 captured[5] | ||||||
The Battle of Trenton was a small but pivotal American Revolutionary War battle on the morning of December 26, 1776, in Trenton, New Jersey. After General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton the previous night, Washington led the main body of the Continental Army against Hessian auxiliaries garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief battle, almost two-thirds of the Hessian force were captured, with negligible losses to the Americans. The battle significantly boosted the Continental Army's waning morale, and inspired re-enlistments.
The Continental Army had previously suffered several defeats in New York and had been forced to retreat through New Jersey to Pennsylvania. Morale in the army was low; to end the year on a positive note, George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, devised a plan to cross the Delaware River on the night of December 25–26 (Christmas and St. Stephen's Day)[6] and surround the Hessians' garrison.
Because the river was icy and the weather severe, the crossing proved dangerous. Two detachments were unable to cross the river, leaving Washington with only 2,400 men under his command in the assault, 3,000 fewer than planned. The army marched 9 mi (14.5 km) south to Trenton. The Hessians had lowered their guard, thinking they were safe from the Americans' army, and had no long-distance outposts or patrols. Washington's forces caught them off guard, and after a short but fierce resistance, most of the Hessians surrendered and were captured, with just over a third escaping across Assunpink Creek.
Despite the battle's small numbers, the victory inspired patriots and sympathizers of the newly formed United States. With the success of the ongoing revolution in doubt a week earlier, the army had seemed on the verge of collapse. The dramatic victory inspired soldiers to believe the war was not a lost cause, serve longer and attracted new recruits to the ranks.[6]
[edit]In early December 1776, American morale was very low.[7] The Americans had been ousted from New York by the British and their Hessian auxiliaries, and the Continental Army was forced to retreat across New Jersey. Ninety percent of the Continental Army soldiers who had served at Long Island were gone.[8] Men had deserted, feeling that the cause for independence was lost. Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, expressed some doubts, writing to his cousin in Virginia, "I think the game is pretty near up."[9]
At the time a small town in New Jersey, Trenton was occupied by four regiments of Hessian soldiers (numbering about 1,400 men) commanded by Colonel Johann Rall. Washington's force comprised 2,400 men, with infantry divisions commanded by Major Generals Nathanael Greene and John Sullivan, and artillery under the direction of Brigadier General Henry Knox.[10]
[edit]George Washington had stationed a spy named John Honeyman, posing as a Tory, in Trenton. Honeyman had served with Major General James Wolfe in Quebec at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham on September 13, 1759, and had no trouble establishing his credentials as a Tory. Honeyman was a butcher and bartender, who traded with the British and Hessians. This enabled him to gather intelligence and to convince the Hessians that the Continental Army was in such a low state of morale that they would not attack Trenton. Shortly before Christmas, he arranged to be captured by the Continental Army, who had orders to bring him to Washington unharmed. After being questioned by Washington, he was imprisoned in a hut to be tried as a Tory in the morning, but a small fire broke out nearby, enabling him to "escape".[11] On the evening before the battle, Hessian commander Rall was celebrating Christmas with his troops at the farm of Abraham Hunt, a wealthy merchant and farmer of Trenton. Hunt played the role of a friendly Loyalist host, giving Rall a false sense of serenity while Washington and his troops were preparing for a surprise attack.[12]
U.S. plan
[edit]The U.S. plan relied on launching coordinated attacks from three directions. General John Cadwalader would launch a diversionary attack against the British garrison at Bordentown, New Jersey, to block off reinforcements from the south. General James Ewing would take 700 militia across the river at Trenton Ferry, seize the bridge over the Assunpink Creek and prevent enemy troops from escaping. The main assault force of 2,400 men would cross the river 9 mi (14 km) north of Trenton and split into two groups, one under Greene and one under Sullivan, to launch a pre-dawn attack.[13] Sullivan would attack the town from the south, and Greene from the north.[8] Depending on the success of the operation, the Americans would possibly follow up with separate attacks on Princeton and New Brunswick.[7]
During the week before the battle, U.S. advance parties began to ambush enemy cavalry patrols, capturing dispatch riders and attacking Hessian pickets. The Hessian commander, to emphasize the danger his men were facing, sent 100 infantry and an artillery detachment to deliver a letter to the British commander at Princeton.[7] Washington ordered Ewing and his Pennsylvania militia to try to gain information on Hessian movements and technology.[14] Ewing instead made three successful raids across the river. On December 17 and 18, 1776, they attacked an outpost of jägers and on the 21st, they set fire to several houses.[14] Washington put constant watches on all possible crossings near the Continental Army encampment on the Delaware, as he believed William Howe would launch an attack from the north on Philadelphia if the river froze over.[15]
On December 20, 1776, some 2,000 troops led by General Sullivan arrived in Washington's camp.[16] They had been under the command of Charles Lee and had been moving slowly through northern New Jersey when Lee was captured. That same day, an additional 800 troops arrived from Fort Ticonderoga under the command of Horatio Gates.[16]
Hessian moves
[edit]On December 14, 1776, the Hessians arrived in Trenton to establish their winter quarters.[17] At the time, Trenton was a small town with about 100 houses and two main streets, King (now Warren) Street and Queen (now Broad) Street.[18] Carl von Donop, Rall's superior, had marched south to Mount Holly on December 22 to deal with the resistance in New Jersey, and had clashed with some New Jersey militia there on December 23.[19]
Donop, who despised Rall, was reluctant to give command of Trenton to him.[20] Rall was known to be loud and unacquainted with the English language,[20] but he was also a 36-year veteran with a great deal of battle experience. His request for reinforcements had been turned down by British commander General James Grant, who disdained the American rebels and thought them poor soldiers. Despite Rall's experience, the Hessians at Trenton did not admire their commander.[21]
Trenton lacked city walls or fortifications, which was typical of U.S. settlements.[22] Some Hessian officers advised Rall to fortify the town, and two of his engineers advised that a redoubt be constructed at the upper end of town and fortifications be built along the river.[22] The engineers went so far as to draw up plans, but Rall disagreed with them.[22] When Rall was again urged to fortify the town, he replied, "Let them come ... We will go at them with the bayonet."[22]
As Christmas approached, Loyalists came to Trenton to report the Americans were planning action.[9] U.S. deserters told the Hessians that rations were being prepared for an advance across the river. Rall publicly dismissed such talk as nonsense, but privately in letters to his superiors, he said he was worried about an imminent attack.[9] He wrote to Donop that he was "liable to be attacked at any moment". Rall said that Trenton was "indefensible" and asked that British troops establish a garrison in Maidenhead (now Lawrenceville). Close to Trenton, this would help defend the roads from Americans. His request was denied.[23] As the Americans disrupted Hessian supply lines, the officers started to share Rall's fears. One wrote, "We have not slept one night in peace since we came to this place."[24] On December 22, 1776, a spy reported to Grant that Washington had called a council of war; Grant told Rall to "be on your guard".[25]
The main Hessian force of 1,500 men was divided into three regiments: Knyphausen, Lossberg and Rall. That night, they did not send out any patrols because of the severe weather.[26]
Crossing and march
[edit]Before Washington and his troops left, Benjamin Rush came to cheer up the general. While he was there, he saw a note Washington had written, saying, "Victory or Death".[24] Those words would be the password for the surprise attack.[27] Each soldier carried 60 rounds of ammunition, and three days of rations.[28] When the army arrived at the shores of the Delaware, they were already behind schedule, and clouds began to form above them.[29] It began to rain. As the air's temperature dropped, the rain changed to sleet, and then to snow.[29] The Americans began to cross the river, with John Glover in command. The men went across in Durham boats, while the horses and artillery went across on large ferries.[30] The 14th Continental Regiment of Glover manned the boats. During the crossing, several men fell overboard, including Colonel John Haslet. Haslet was quickly pulled out of the water. No one died during the crossing, and all the artillery pieces made it over in good condition.[31]
Two small detachments of infantry of about 40 men each were ordered ahead of main columns.[32] They set roadblocks ahead of the main army and were to take prisoner whoever came into or left the town.[32] One of the groups was sent north of Trenton, and the other was sent to block River Road, which ran along the Delaware River to Trenton.[33]
The terrible weather conditions delayed the landings in New Jersey until 3:00 am; the plan was that they were supposed to be completed by 12:00 am. Washington realized it would be impossible to launch a pre-dawn attack. Another setback occurred for the Americans, as generals Cadwalader and Ewing were unable to join the attack because of the weather conditions.[13]
At 4:00 am, the soldiers began to march towards Trenton.[34] Along the way, several civilians joined as volunteers and led as guides (such as John Mott) because of their knowledge of the terrain.[35] After marching 1.5 mi (2.4 km) through winding roads into the wind, they reached Bear Tavern, where they turned south onto Bear Tavern Road .[36] The ground was slippery, but it was level, making it easier for the horses and artillery. They began to make better time.[36] They soon reached Jacobs Creek, where, with difficulty, the Americans made it across.[37] The two groups stayed together until they reached Birmingham (now West Trenton), where they split apart, with Greene's force heading east to approach Trenton by the Scotch and Pennington roads and Sullivan's heading southwest to approach via River Road.[8] Soon after, they reached the house of Benjamin Moore, where the family offered food and drink to Washington. At this point, the first signs of daylight began to appear.[38] Many of the troops did not have boots, so they were forced to wear rags around their feet. Some of the men's feet bled, turning the snow to a dark red. Two men died on the march.[39]
As they marched, Washington rode up and down the line, encouraging the men to continue.[30] General Sullivan sent a courier to tell Washington that the weather was wetting his men's gunpowder. Washington replied, "Tell General Sullivan to use the bayonet. I am resolved to take Trenton."[40]
About 2 mi (3 km) outside the town, the main columns reunited with the advance parties.[41] They were startled by the sudden appearance of 50 armed men, but they were American. Led by Adam Stephen, they had not known about the plan to attack Trenton and had attacked a Hessian outpost.[42] Washington feared the Hessians would have been put on guard, and shouted at Stephen, "You sir! You Sir, may have ruined all my plans by having them put on their guard."[42] Despite this, Washington ordered the advance continue to Trenton. In the event, Rall thought the first raid was the attack which Grant had warned him about, and that there would be no further action that day.[43]
[edit]U.S. attack
[edit]At 8 am on the morning of December 26, the Hessians established an outpost at a cooper shop on Pennington Road about one mile northwest of Trenton.[44] Washington then led the assault on it, riding in front of his soldiers.[45] As the Hessian commander of the outpost, Lieutenant Andreas Wiederholdt, left the shop, an American fired at him but missed.[45] Wiederholdt immediately shouted, "Der Feind!" (The Enemy!) and other Hessians came out.[46] The Americans fired three volleys, and the Hessians returned one of their own.[45] Washington ordered Edward Hand's Pennsylvania Riflemen and a battalion of German-speaking infantry to block the road that led to Princeton. They attacked the Hessian outpost there.[46] Wiederholdt soon realized that this was more than a raiding party; seeing other Hessians retreating from the outpost, he led his men to do the same.[47] Both Hessian detachments made organized retreats, firing as they fell back.[46] On the high ground at the north end of Trenton, they were joined by a duty company from the Lossberg Regiment.[46] They engaged the Americans, retreating slowly, keeping up continuous fire and using houses for cover.[48] Once in Trenton, they gained covering fire from other Hessian guard companies on the outskirts of the town. Another guard company nearer to the Delaware River rushed east to their aid, leaving open the River Road into Trenton. Washington ordered the escape route to Princeton be cut off, sending infantry in battle formation to block it, while artillery formed at the head of King and Queen streets.[49]
Leading the southern U.S. column, General Sullivan entered Trenton by the abandoned River Road and blocked the only crossing over the Assunpink Creek to cut off the Hessian escape.[50] Sullivan briefly held up his advance to make sure Greene's division had time to drive the Hessians from their outposts in the north.[50] Soon after, they continued their advance, attacking the Hermitage, home of Philemon Dickinson, where 50 jägers under the command of Lieutenant von Grothausen were stationed.[50] Lieutenant von Grothausen brought 12 of his jägers into action against the advanced guard but had only advanced a few hundred yards when he saw a column of Americans advancing to the Hermitage.[50] Pulling back to the Hessian barracks, he was joined by the rest of the jägers. After the exchange of one volley, they turned and ran, some trying to swim across the creek, while others escaped over the bridge, which had not yet been cut off. The 20 British dragoons also fled.[50] As Greene and Sullivan's columns pushed into the town, Washington moved to high ground north of King and Queens streets to see the action and direct his troops.[51] By this time, U.S. artillery from the other side of the Delaware River had come into action, devastating the Hessian positions.[52]
With the sounding of the alarm, the three Hessian regiments began to prepare for battle.[53] The Rall regiment formed on lower King Street along with the Lossberg regiment, while the Knyphausen regiment formed at the lower end of Queen Street.[53] Lieutenant Piel, Rall's brigade adjutant, woke his commander, who found that the rebels had taken the "V" of the main streets of the town. This is where the engineers had recommended building a redoubt. Rall ordered his regiment to form up at the lower end of King Street, the Lossberg regiment to prepare for an advance up Queen Street, and the Knyphausen regiment to stand by as a reserve for Rall's advance up King Street.[50]
The U.S. cannon stationed at the head of the two main streets soon came into action. In reply, Rall directed his regiment, supported by a few companies of the Lossberg regiment, to clear the guns.[54] The Hessians formed ranks and began to advance up the street, but their formations were quickly broken by the U.S. guns and fire from Mercer's men who had taken houses on the left side of the street.[54] Breaking ranks, the Hessians fled. Rall ordered two three-pound cannons into action. After getting off six rounds each, within just a few minutes, half of the Hessians manning their guns were killed by the U.S. cannon.[54] After the men fled to cover behind houses and fences, their cannons were taken by the Americans.[55] Following capture of the cannons, men under the command of George Weedon advanced down King Street.[50]
On Queen Street, all Hessian attempts to advance up the street were repulsed by guns under the command of Thomas Forrest. After firing four rounds each, two more Hessian guns were silenced. One of Forrest's howitzers was put out of action with a broken axle.[50] The Knyphausen regiment became separated from the Lossberg and the Rall regiments. The Lossberg and the Rall regiments fell back to a field outside of town, taking heavy losses from grapeshot and musket fire. In the southern part of the town, Americans under command of Sullivan began to overwhelm the Hessians. John Stark led a bayonet charge at the Knyphausen regiment, whose resistance broke because their weapons would not fire. Sullivan led a column of men to block off escape of troops across the creek.[55]
Hessian resistance collapses
[edit]The Hessians in the field attempted to reorganize and make one last attempt to retake the town so they could make a breakout.[1] Rall decided to attack the U.S. flank on the heights north of the town.[56] Rall yelled "Forward! Advance! Advance!", and the Hessians began to move, with the brigade's band playing fifes, bugles and drums to help the Hessians' spirit.[56][57]
Washington, still on high ground, saw the Hessians approaching the U.S. flank. He moved his troops to assume battle formation against the enemy.[56] The two Hessian regiments began marching toward King Street but were caught in U.S. fire that came at them from three directions.[56] Some Americans had taken up defensive positions inside houses, reducing their exposure. Some civilians joined the fight against the Hessians.[58] Despite this, they continued to push, recapturing their cannons. At the head of King Street, Knox saw the Hessians had retaken the cannons and ordered his troops to take them. Six men ran and, after a brief struggle, seized the cannons, turning them on the Hessians.[59] With most of the Hessians unable to fire their guns, the attack stalled. The Hessians' formations broke, and they began to scatter.[58] Rall was mortally wounded.[60] Washington led his troops down from high ground while yelling, "March on, my brave fellows, after me!"[58] Most of the Hessians retreated into an orchard, with the Americans in close pursuit. Quickly surrounded,[61] the Hessians were offered terms of surrender, to which they agreed.
Although ordered to join Rall, the remains of the Knyphausen regiment mistakenly marched in the opposite direction.[61] They tried to escape across the bridge but found it had been taken. The Americans quickly swept in, defeating a Hessian attempt to break through their lines. Surrounded by Sullivan's men, the regiment surrendered, just minutes after the rest of the brigade.[62]
Casualties and capture
[edit]The Hessian forces lost 22 killed in action, including their commander Colonel Johann Rall, 83 wounded, and 896 captured–including the wounded.[63] The Americans suffered only two deaths during the march and five wounded from battle, including a near-fatal shoulder wound to future president James Monroe. Other losses incurred by the patriots from exhaustion, exposure, and illness in the following days may have raised their fatalities above those of the Hessians.[64]
The captured Hessians were sent to Philadelphia and later Lancaster. In 1777 they were moved to Virginia.[65] Rall was mortally wounded and died later that night at his headquarters.[64] All four Hessian colonels in Trenton were killed in the battle. The Lossberg regiment was effectively removed from the British forces. Parts of the Knyphausen regiment escaped to the south, but Sullivan captured some 200 additional men, along with the regiment's cannon and supplies. They also captured approximately 1,000 arms and much-needed ammunition.[66] The Americans also captured their entire store of provisions—tons of flour, dried and salted meats, ale and other liquors, as well as shoes, boots, clothing and bedding—things that were as much needed by the ragtag Continental forces, such as weapons and horses.
Among those captured by the Patriots was Christian Strenge, later to become a schoolmaster and fraktur artist in Pennsylvania.[67]
Hessian drinking
[edit]An officer in Washington's staff wrote before the battle, "They make a great deal of Christmas in Germany, and no doubt the Hessians will drink a great deal of beer and have a dance to-night. They will be sleepy tomorrow morning."[68] Popular history commonly portrays the Hessians as drunk from Christmas celebrations. However, historian David Hackett Fischer quotes Patriot John Greenwood, who fought in the battle and supervised Hessians afterward, who wrote, "I am certain not a drop of liquor was drunk during the whole night, nor, as I could see, even a piece of bread eaten."[69] Military historian Edward G. Lengel wrote, "The Germans were dazed and tired but there is no truth to the legend claiming that they were helplessly drunk."[70]
[edit]After the Hessians' surrender, Washington is reported to have shaken the hand of a young officer and said, "This is a glorious day for our country."[71] On December 28, General Washington interviewed Lieutenant (later Colonel) Andreas Wiederhold, who detailed the failures of Rall's preparation.[72] Washington soon learned, however, that Cadwalader and Ewing had been unable to complete their crossing, leaving his worn-out army of 2,400 men isolated.[73] Without their 2,400 men, Washington realized he did not have the forces to attack Princeton and New Brunswick.[73]
By noon, Washington's force had moved across the Delaware back into Pennsylvania, taking their prisoners and captured supplies with them.[73] Washington would follow up his success a week later in the Battle of the Assunpink Creek and the Battle of Princeton solidifying Patriot gains.
[edit]This small but decisive battle, as with the later Battle of Cowpens, had an effect disproportionate to its size. The Patriot victory gave the Continental Congress new confidence, as it proved colonial forces could defeat the British in the future. It also increased re-enlistments in the Continental Army forces. By defeating a European army, the colonials reduced the fear that the Hessians had caused earlier that year after the fighting in New York.[1] Howe was stunned that the Patriots so easily surprised and overwhelmed the Hessian garrison.[62] Colonial support for the rebellion was further buoyed significantly at this time by writings of Thomas Paine and additional successful actions by the New Jersey Militia.[74]
Two notable U.S. officers were wounded while leading the charge down King Street: William Washington, cousin of General Washington, and Lieutenant James Monroe, the future President of the United States. Monroe was carried from the field bleeding badly after he was struck in the left shoulder by a musket ball, which severed an artery. Doctor John Riker clamped the artery, preventing him from bleeding to death.[59]
The Trenton Battle Monument, erected at "Five Points" in Trenton, stands as a tribute to this U.S. victory.[75] The crossing of the Delaware River and battle are reenacted by local enthusiasts every year (unless the weather is too severe on the river).[76]
Eight current Army National Guard units (101st Eng Bn,[77] 103rd Eng Bn,[78] A/1-104th Cav,[79] 111th Inf,[80] 125th QM Co,[81] 175th Inf,[82] 181st Inf[83] and 198th Sig Bn[84]) and one currently-active Regular Army Artillery battalion (1–5th FA)[85] are derived from U.S. units that participated in the Battle of Trenton. There are thirty current units of the U.S. Army with colonial roots.
[edit]In 1851, German-American artist Emanuel Leutze painted the second of three paintings depicting Washington crossing the Delaware. It is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and is "one of the most famous American paintings." At the time of its first exhibition it caused a sensation, in Europe and the United States. Leutze hoped it would stir revolutionary sentiments in Germany. After six months in Germany it was shipped to New York City where the New-York Mirror newspaper lauded it with the words, "the grandest, most majestic, and most effective painting ever exhibited in America."[86] The painting is the center-piece of the collections in the American Wing. It is still one of the most recognizable paintings at the Metropolitan. It is central to the canon of American historical art images, its monumental popularity undimmed in the years since it was first exhibited.[87]
See also
[edit]- American Revolutionary War British New York counter-offensive. The 'Battle of Trenton' placed in overall sequence and strategic context.
- Battle of Bennington
- Battle of Iron Works Hill
- Battle of Princeton – fought the day after the Battle of the Assunpink Creek
- Battle of the Assunpink Creek – also known as the Second Battle of Trenton, fought one week later
- Battles of Saratoga
- Battle of Yorktown
- Siege of Fort Vincennes – the Trenton of the Western theater of the American Revolutionary War
- List of American Revolutionary War battles
- New Jersey in the American Revolution
[edit]- ^ a b c Wood p. 72
- ^ Fischer, 2006, pp. 391–393
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 396
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 406
- ^ Fischer, 2006,, p. 254. Casualty numbers vary slightly with the Hessian forces, usually between 21–23 killed, 80–95 wounded and 890–920 captured (including the wounded), but it is generally agreed that the casualties were in this area.
- ^ a b Blackbirch; Parker, Lewis K. (2002). The Battle of Trenton. Cengage Gale. ISBN 978-1-56711-620-5.
- ^ a b c Brooks, 1999, p. 55
- ^ a b c Savas p. 84
- ^ a b c Ketchum, 1999, p. 235
- ^ Stanhope, 1854 p. 129
- ^ Van Dyke, John (1873), "An Unwritten Account of a Spy of Washington", Our Home
- ^ Schuyler, 1929, p. 132
- ^ a b Brooks, 1999, p. 56
- ^ a b Fischer, 2006, p. 195
- ^ Ketchum, 1999, p. 242
- ^ a b Savas, 2006, p. 83
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 188
- ^ Ketchum, 1999, p. 233
- ^ Rosenfeld, 2007 p. 177
- ^ a b Ketchum, 1999, p. 229
- ^ Lengel, 2005, p. 183
- ^ a b c d Fischer, 2006, p. 189
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 197
- ^ a b Ketchum, 1999, p. 236
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 203
- ^ Wood p. 65
- ^ McCullough 2006, p. 273
- ^ McCullough 2006, p. 274
- ^ a b Fischer, 2006, p. 212
- ^ a b Ferling, 2007, p. 176
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 219
- ^ a b Fischer, 2006, p. 221
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 222
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 223
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 225
- ^ a b Fischer, 2006, p. 226
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 227
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 228
- ^ Scheer p. 215
- ^ Kevin Wright. "The Crossing And Battle At Trenton – 1776". Bergen County Historical Society. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2008.
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p.231
- ^ a b Fischer, 2006, p. 232
- ^ McCullough 2006, p. 279
- ^ Stryker, 1898, pp. 145–147
- ^ a b c Fischer, 2006, p. 235
- ^ a b c d Fischer, 2006, p. 237
- ^ Andreas Wiederholdt (edited by M.D. Learned and C. Grosse): Tagebuch des Capt. Wiederholdt Vom 7 Oktober bis 7 December 1780; The MacMillan Co, New York, ~1862; reprinted by the University of Michigan Library, 17 August 2015
- ^ Ketchum, 1999, p. 255
- ^ Ketchum, 1999, p. 256
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wood p. 68
- ^ McCullough 2006, p. 280
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 239
- ^ a b Fischer, 2006, p. 240
- ^ a b c Wood p. 70
- ^ a b Wood p. 71
- ^ a b c d Fischer, 2006, p. 246
- ^ Ketchum, 1999, p. 262
- ^ a b c Fischer, 2006, p. 249
- ^ a b Fischer, 2006, p. 247
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 248
- ^ a b Fischer, 2006, p. 251
- ^ a b Wood p. 74
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 254
- ^ a b Fischer, 2006, p. 255
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 379
- ^ Mitchell, 2003, p. 43
- ^ Brooklyn United. "Johann Christian Strenge – Self-Taught Genius". selftaughtgenius.org. Archived from the original on September 7, 2017. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
- ^ Stryker, 1898, p. 361
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 426
- ^ Lengel, 2005, p. 186
- ^ Ferling, 2007, p. 178
- ^ Andreas Wiederholdt (edited by M.D. Learned and C. Grosse: Tagebuch des Capt. Widerholdt Vom 7 Oktober bis 7 December 1780; The MacMillan Co, New York, ~1862;reprinted by the University of Michigan Library, 17 August 2015
- ^ a b c Wood p. 75
- ^ Fischer, 2006, p. 143
- ^ Burt, 2001, p. 439
- ^ "Cross With Us". Washington Crossing Historic Park. November 11, 2014. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 101st Engineer Battalion
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 103rd Engineer Battalion.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, Troop A/1st Squadron/104th Cavalry.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 111th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981. pp. 217–219.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 125th Quartermaster Company. "125th Quartermaster Company honored for storied lineage, service at Lexington and Concord". Archived from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 175th Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1982, pp. 343–345.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 181st Infantry. Reproduced in Sawicki 1981, pp. 354–355.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 198th Signal Battalion.
- ^ Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery. [1] Archived April 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "10 Facts about Washington's Crossing of the Delaware River". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
- ^ Barratt, Carrie; Mayer, Lance; Myers, Guy; Wilner, Eli; Smeaton, Suzanne (2012). Washington crossing the Delaware : restoring an American masterpiece. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-58839-439-2.
[edit]- Brooks, Victor (1999). How America Fought Its Wars. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 1-58097-002-8.
- Burt, Daniel S. (2001). The Biography Book. New York: Oryx Press. ISBN 1-57356-256-4.
- Ferling, John (2007). Almost a Miracle. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518121-0.
- Fischer, David Hackett (2006). Washington's Crossing. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517034-2.
- Ketchum, Richard (1999). The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton (1st Owl books ed.). Holt Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8050-6098-7.
- Lengel, Edward (2005). General George Washington, a Military Life. New York: Random House Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8129-6950-2.
- McCullough, David (2006). 1776. New York: Simon and Schuster Paperback. ISBN 0-7432-2672-0.
1776 David.
- Mitchell, Craig (2003). George Washington's New Jersey. Middle Atlantic Press. ISBN 0-9705804-1-X.
- Rosenfeld, Lucy (2007). History Walks in New Jersey. Rutgers. ISBN 978-0-8135-3969-0.
- Savas, Theodore (2006). Guide to the Battles of the American Revolution. Savas Beatie. ISBN 1-932714-12-X.
- Sawicki, James A. (1981). Infantry Regiments of the US Army. Dumfries, VA: Wyvern Publications. ISBN 978-0-9602404-3-2.
- Scheer, George (1987). Rebels and Redcoats. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80307-0.[permanent dead link]
- Schuyler, Hamilton (1929). A history of Trenton, 1679-1929. Princeton : Princeton University Press: The Trenton Historical Society.
- Stanhope, Phillip Henry (1854). History of England: From the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles. GB, Murray.
- Stryker, William S. (1898). The Battles of Trenton and Princeton. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. OCLC 49835662.
- Tucker, Philip Thomas (2014), George Washington's Surprise Attack: A New Look at the Battle That Decided the Fate of America, Skyhorse Publishing, ISBN 978-1628736526
- Wiederholdt, Andreas (2015) [1862]. M.D. Learned; C. Grosse (eds.). Tagebuch des Capt. Wiederholdt vom 7 Oktober bis 7 December 1780. The University of Michigan Library: The MacMillan Co, New York.
- Wood, W.J. Henry (2003). Battles of the Revolutionary War. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81329-7.[permanent dead link]
Further reading
[edit]- Maloy, Mark. Victory or Death: The Battles of Trenton and Princeton, December 25, 1776 – January 3, 1777. Emerging Revolutionary War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2018. ISBN 978-1-61121-381-2.
External links
[edit]- "The Two Battles of Trenton". The Trenton Historical Society.
- "The Winter Patriots: The Trenton-Princeton Campaign of 1776–1777". George Washington's Mount Vernon.[permanent dead link]


text:
Seattle, WA, October 16, 2017 –(PR.com)– Massage Abroad is taking education to a new level. The concept of Massage School Abroad takes learning this natural therapy in a new and more adventurous direction. Massage Abroad is pleased to announce that are now offering a 4 month United States approved massage therapy licensing program in exotic massage school locations within Peru, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Massage school abroad students are constantly exposed to new cultures and concepts that allow for a more traditional look at this timeless therapy.
Learn the Basics of Massage
Their educators provide each student with a thorough and comprehensive education that allows them to experience each technique in its truest form. Natural elements are encouraged with each class, embracing a more holistic approach to massage therapy. There are many forms of massage therapy. Learning abroad provides you a unique opportunity to learn various techniques that are performed in different countries. You will also learn the significance of touch as it is perceived in different cultures.
Enjoy the Benefits of Traveling Abroad
While attending massage school abroad, each student gets to enjoy the experience of traveling in a foreign country. They get to experience the culture and atmosphere first hand, allowing them to grow both as a person, as well as a professional. Traveling abroad is often just a dream for many of us. By combining traveling with education, you get two achieve two goals at one time. You will experience cultural diversity that enhances and promotes your learning far past what you will be exposed to in a traditional classroom setting.
Create Long Lasting Memories and Friends
Attending massage school abroad offers you an opportunity to create lasting memories and new, lifelong friendships. Traveling abroad allows you to see the world, which for many may be a once in a lifetime experience. You will meet people from many different cultures providing you with an education that would not be possible if you attended a traditional massage school. The lessons you learn as part of your education will serve you throughout your career. By the same token, the people you meet and the experiences you have while attending school abroad will also serve you for many, many years to come.
Back to the Source
One of the main benefits of attending massage school Peru, Nicaragua, and Mexico, is the ability to learn in an open environment. The climate and atmosphere in these countries are warm and welcoming allowing them to teach their classes in wide open spaces. Being able to work in a natural environment is more conducive to being fully relaxed and able to learn the lessons that are being taught. There are few boundaries to limit your ability to learn. You are encouraged to embrace the natural elements in your surroundings and include them as part of your therapeutic regimen.
At Massage Abroad, their goal is to create a unique, learning atmosphere that offers each student an experience they will never forget. They want to provide them with the tools and resources they need to be the best at what they do. This involves providing them with experiences that will help to refine and hone their intellectual skills. Attending massage school abroad is a once in a lifetime experience that can provide benefits far beyond one's wildest imagination.
Learn more today about the massage school abroad programs and review massage student application packet.
Contact Information:
Massage Abroad
Sean Miller
Contact via Email
Read the full story here: http://www.pr.com/press-release/733168
Press Release Distributed by PR.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Second thing you need to know about me: I like to share. Food, recipes, tips, shopping lists. I've done a lot of short food-writing on my Facebook page and elsewhere, but this blog is going to be more, deeper, better, more often.
And third: I want input. Ideas. Corrections. Suggestions. It's no fun doing this in a vacuum. I want friends!
Looking forward to lots of food talk ahead.


text:
Solar Battery AGM maintenance free SunLight AccuForce 12V – 230S Ah
The series SunLight is designed for repeated charge & discharge cycles.
The excellent behavior of the series in a battery of each connection type, is much better than other general purpose lines, making SunLight ideal for heavy duty applications.
It offers unique advantages to repeated charge & discharge cycles, and rapid recovery.
It has been built with the latest technology in AGM batteries from quality materials and excellent expertise to cover every need.
Technical Data:
Voltage: 12 V
Capacity: 200Ah (C10), 234Ah(C120)
Weight: 57kg
Dimensions:522 L 238 W 218 H
Type: AGM
Designed for 10 years of life.
*They are designed for use on PV System.
**Not related to the Startup type battery operation.
1 year warranty
Declaration of Conformity AccuForce IEC_BS_EN


text:
We thank the USDA for offering such great information! We wanted share with you some of that information.
Regular physical activity can produce long term health benefits. People of all ages, shapes, sizes, and abilities can benefit from being physically active. The more physical activity you do, the greater the health benefits.
Being physically active can help you:
- Increase your chances of living longer
- Feel better about yourself
- Decrease your chances of becoming depressed
- Sleep well at night
- Move around more easily
- Have stronger muscles and bones
- Stay at or get to a healthy weight
- Be with friends or meet new people
- Enjoy yourself and have fun
When you are not physically active, you are more likely to:
- Get heart disease
- Get type 2 diabetes
- Have high blood pressure
- Have high blood cholesterol
- Have a stroke
- Physical activity and nutrition work together for better health. Being active increases the amount of calories burned. As people age their metabolism slows, so maintaining energy balance requires moving more and eating less
Some types of physical activity are especially beneficial:
- Aerobic activities make you breathe harder and make your heart beat faster. Aerobic activities can be moderate or vigorous in their intensity. Vigorous activities take more effort than moderate ones. For moderate activities, you can talk while you do them, but you can't sing. For vigorous activities, you can only say a few words without stopping to catch your breath.
- Muscle-strengthening activities make your muscles stronger. These include activities like push-ups and lifting weights. It is important to work all the different parts of the body – your legs, hips, back, chest, stomach, shoulders, and arms.
- Bone-strengthening activities make your bones stronger. Bone strengthening activities, like jumping, are especially important for children and adolescents. These activities produce a force on the bones that promotes bone growth and strength.
Balance and stretching activities enhance physical stability and flexibility, which reduces risk of injuries. Examples are gentle stretching, dancing, yoga, martial arts, and t'ai chi.
Source: – See more at: http://www.choosemyplate.gov/physical-activity-why#sthash.X9VU30kK.dpuf


text:
University of California Faculty Senate Passes Open Access Policy
The press release below can also be seen on the Academic Senate's homepage at: http://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/
The Academic Senate of the University of California has passed an Open Access Policy, ensuring that future research articles authored by faculty at all 10 campuses of UC will be made available to the public at no charge. "The Academic Council's adoption of this policy on July 24, 2013, came after a six-year process culminating in two years of formal review and revision," said Robert Powell, chair of the Academic Council. "Council's intent is to make these articles widely—and freely— available in order to advance research everywhere." Articles will be available to the public without charge via eScholarship (UC's open access repository) in tandem with their publication in scholarly journals. Open access benefits researchers, educational institutions, businesses, research funders and the public by accelerating the pace of research, discovery and innovation and contributing to the mission of advancing knowledge and encouraging new ideas and services.
Chris Kelty, Associate Professor of Information Studies, UCLA, and chair of the UC University Committee on Library and Scholarly Communication (UCOLASC), explains, "This policy will cover more faculty and more research than ever before, and it sends a powerful message that faculty want open access and they want it on terms that benefit the public and the future of research."
The policy covers more than 8,000 UC faculty at all 10 campuses of the University of California, and as many as 40,000 publications a year. It follows more than 175 other universities who have adopted similar so-called "green" open access policies. By granting a license to the University of California prior to any contractual arrangement with publishers, faculty members can now make their research widely and publicly available, re-use it for various purposes, or modify it for future research publications. Previously, publishers had sole control of the distribution of these articles. All research publications covered by the policy will continue to be subjected to rigorous peer review; they will still appear in the most prestigious journals across all fields; and they will continue to meet UC's standards of high quality. Learn more about the policy and its implementation here: http://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/openaccesspolicy/
UC is the largest public research university in the world and its faculty members receive roughly 8% of all research funding in the U.S. With this policy UC Faculty make a commitment to the public accessibility of research, especially, but not only, research paid for with public funding by the people of California and the United States. This initiative is in line with the recently announced White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) directive requiring "each Federal Agency with over $100 million in annual conduct of research and development expenditures to develop a plan to support increased public access to results of the research funded by the Federal Government." The new UC Policy also follows a similar policy passed in 2012 by the Academic Senate at the University of California, San Francisco, which is a health sciences campus.
"The UC Systemwide adoption of an Open Access (OA) Policy represents a major leap forward for the global OA movement and a well-deserved return to taxpayers who will now finally be able to see first-hand the published byproducts of their deeply appreciated investments in research" said Richard A. Schneider, Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and chair of the Committee on Library and Scholarly Communication at UCSF. "The ten UC campuses generate around 2-3% of all the peer-reviewed articles published in the world every year, and this policy will make many of those articles freely available to anyone who is interested anywhere, whether they are colleagues, students, or members of the general public."
The adoption of this policy across the UC system also signals to scholarly publishers that open access, in terms defined by faculty and not by publishers, must be part of any future scholarly publishing system. The faculty remains committed to working with publishers to transform the publishing landscape in ways that are sustainable and beneficial to both the University and the public.
More information can be found on the new Open Access Policy page on the Reshaping Scholarly Communication (http://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/openaccesspolicy/) website.


text:
This candle is hand-poured with 100% renewable soy (vegetable) wax and has a paper core wick. The wax is specially formulated to hold scent, and we add as much fragrance as possible. Every candle gives off a lingering, beautiful aroma.
Earthy, woody, confident. An original creation of heavy vetiver, balanced with light citrus tones and green tints of bergamot from the peels of nearly ripe fruit.
8 oz


text:
TechRadar Verdict
The LG Chromebase isn't quite a high-polish experienced, but if you're willing to (or already have) hand over your computing life to Google, then this all-in-one PC is an exceptional value.
- +
Fast boot-up
- +
Simple to use
- +
Very affordable
- -
Limited to Chrome apps
- -
Weak speakers
- -
Annoying keyboard
Why you can trust TechRadar
The growing popularity of inexpensive Chromebooks has at least one computer maker asking, "Can the lightning strike again on the desktop?" LG is among the first to test those waters with its LG Chromebase, an all-in-one PC that uses Chrome OS as its operating system.
With a starting price of $349.99 (about £207, AU$376), the LG Chromebase can make for a very attractive option as a personal or family computer system. For starters, the all-in-one PC sports a crisp, 21.5-inch 1080p IPS display.
Standard features include built-in Bluetooth 4.0, Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n, and an Ethernet port. There are also three USB 2.0 ports in the back (two of which will be occupied by the keyboard and mouse), a USB 3.0 port on the side, and an HDMI-in for external devices. The machine is powered by a 1.4 GHz Intel Celeron 2955U processor with 2 GB of DDR3L memory.
It doesn't sound like much, but it's more than enough to power Chrome OS. All of this is topped off with a 16GB SSD, which might never be filled, since the system relies heavily on cloud storage for files.
Given the desktop's extremely low price, coupled with a decently sized screen, it's very tempting to pick it up and immediately dive into everyday tasks, like email and web browsing. The only catch is that (if this is your main computer) you'd have to give over your digital life over to Google. Every app available is obtained through the Chrome Web Store, and any media that can't be streamed through the Chrome browser must be handled through Google Play.
The Chrome experience
Despite its relatively slim hardware specs, the Chromebase is fast. It boots up in just a few seconds, then you can log into your Google account and get right into using it. However, the reason for its speed is very apparent: Chrome OS is about as minimalist as it gets.
The OS employs a very Windows-like interface, replete with desktop wallpaper and task bar, but it's an illusion. Nothing can be saved to the desktop – it's just there for the wallpaper. You can assign different Chrome apps to the toolbar, but you can't drag website shortcuts to it unless they exist as Chrome apps.
Instead, everything is run entirely from the browser, which has a lot of benefits. Namely, since the browser doesn't need a lot of horsepower, the hardware is very inexpensive.
There are plenty of apps available for both work and play. Plus, users can take advantage of Google and Chrome's many cloud-centric features, like browser tab sharing across devices, automatic updating and cloud storage for music, photos and other files. (Google offers 100GB of Google Drive storage for free for 2 years with the purchase of a Chromebase.)
To put a Chrome-heavy digital lifestyle into perspective, word processing and other productivity tasks are most easily handled by Google Docs. That is, unless you prefer – and are willing to pay for – different apps or a Microsoft Office subscription.
Google Hangouts is the video chat app of choice, rather than, say, Skype on Windows 8.1 machines. iTunes is out of the picture entirely, but Amazon Prime customers can still access streaming video and music through its web players. You'll have to upload your music to your Google Play account if you want to use the Google Music Player. Games are also limited to in-browser titles and whatever you pick up from the Chrome Web Store.
While there's flexibility in Chrome OS, which is bound to grow with computing in general trending toward web and cloud-based applications, this operating system simply cannot yet match the versatility of a Windows or Mac system. Additionally, everything is a tab in the Chrome browser. This isn't a huge issue, but I missed being able to organize, launch and manage applications from the taskbar. Especially music player controls.
Chrome OS, and the Chromebase by extension, is clearly designed for users with fairly basic needs. If you're into more instense work that requires a good deal of processing power or specific software, then you're probably better off getting an Apple 21-inch Mac or Windows all-in-one PC.
If you'd rather save a couple hundred dollars and can learn to live with using Chrome and web applications to fulfill your needs, then a Chromebase will work for you just fine. To be fair, there are some excellent Chrome apps out there for basic photo and video editing.
Photoshop for Chrome OS, for one, has been been in the works for some time. Announced in September, Streaming Photoshop is a joint effort by the two companies to provide access to Photoshop on Chrome OS devices via the cloud.
It means that you will be able to tweak files stored on Google Drive without needing to download and re-upload files. It's not available just yet, but the initiative shows that Chrome OS is constantly evolving to let you do more tasks that are possible on Windows and other operating systems.
In addition to new web apps like Photoshop, an increasing number of Android apps are making their way over to Chrome OS. In November, Google ported seven Android apps, including Cookpad Recipes, CouchSurfing and Overdrive. They join existing offerings Evernote, Duolingo, Vine, Sight Words and others.
Japanese owner of Arm gets a bargain with Graphcore purchase — could British startup stymied by lack of support embrace Arm's licensing strategy to break Nvidia's stranglehold on AI?
NYT Strands today — hints, answers and spangram for Sunday, July 21 (game #140)
Quordle today – hints and answers for Sunday, July 21 (game #909)


text:
Soviet master spy is hanged by the Japanese
On this day in 1944, Richard Sorge, a half-Russian, half-German Soviet spy, who had used the cover of a German journalist to report on Germany and Japan for the Soviet Union, is hanged by his Japanese captors. Sorge fought in World War I in the German army, and then earned his doctorate in political science at the University of Hamburg. He joined Germany's Communist Party in 1919, traveling to the USSR in 1924. His first major assignment for Soviet intelligence was in the late 1920s, when he was sent to China to organize a spy ring. Returning to Germany, he joined the Nazi Party in 1933 to perfect his cover as a loyal German. He proceeded to develop a reputation as a respected journalist working for the Frankfurter Zeitung, finally convincing his editors to send him to Tokyo as a foreign correspondent in the mid-1930s. Once in Japan, Sorge proceeded once again to create a spy ring, which included an adviser to the Japanese cabinet and an American communist, who was also working for Soviet intelligence as Sorge's interpreter. Sorge had so successfully ingratiated himself with the German diplomatic community in Japan that he was allowed to work out of the German embassy, giving him access to confidential files. At the same time, he also befriended Japanese government officials, attempting to convince them not to go to war with the Soviet Union. In May 1941, Sorge reported back to Moscow that Hitler was planning an invasion of the Soviet Union, and that 170 divisions were preparing to invade on June 20, but Stalin ignored the warning. Sorge was also able to report, in August 1941, that Japan had plans to attack targets in the South Pacific, not in the Soviet Union. This enabled Stalin to remove troops from the Manchurian border, freeing them up for when the Germans finally invaded, as there would be no "eastern front." But Sorge's brilliant spy career came to an end on October 18, 1941, when Japanese counterintelligence exposed his operation and he was arrested, along with 34 members of his ring. He was finally hanged in 1944. Twenty years later, he was officially declared a Hero of the Soviet Union.


text:
Advanced view lookup strategies with Domino JNA for small view index sizes and dynamic filtering and sorting
Karsten Lehmann 13 March 2019 00:09:50
This might be interesting for some of you, a pattern how I am using Domino JNA in a recent customer project to speed up view lookups and reduce overall view index size.I am using at least three views to produce the content for a data table in the web application:
- one or more key lookup views
- one view for the sorting
- and the final one to read all required view columns.
1. Key lookup views
The key lookup views has the minimum required columns for the lookup, e.g. just the sorted columns containing the lookup key(s) and I use
NotesCollection.getAllIdsByKey(EnumSet findFlags, Object... keys)
to collect the note ids of all documents matching my lookup criteria(s) and the com.mindoo.domino.jna.utils.SetUtil
class to AND/OR multiple note id sets. The first view might even contain less lookup columns (e.g. just the default index position column) if I am just interested in all documents that match the view selection formula. In that case I am using the view as a stored database search result.
You can read the note ids of all documents in the view with
NotesCollection.getAllIds(Navigate navigator, boolean filterTable, NotesIDTable idTable)
, which is EXTREMELY fast with parameters navigator=Navigate.NEXT
and filterTable=false
, as long as the flag "show response hierarchy" is NOT set in the view design. Then NIF just copies an internal index into the IDTable and is done (=>no b-tree traversion and reader list check for the current user). Unfortunately, AFAIK, "show response hierarchy" is set by default when you create new views. This lets NIF use a secondary index to search for responses for all view rows, which is slow.
I first thought that this response hierarchy flag would be required to find conflict documents in the view (as they are response documents), but this is not the case. My tests have shown that this information is still there, although there was a "bug" in Domino JNA which declared each row as conflict because I was reading the conflict flag as it is documented in the C API toolkit.
I fixed that recently with a special case for "show response hierarchy"==false (details: https://github.com/klehmann/domino-jna/commit/cdfbc6f8e3087eed1eb8328341451f4f0ffbc7dd).
Additional note id sets could be retrieved from fulltext searches (
NotesDatabase.ftSearch(String query, short limit, NotesIDTable filterIDTable)
). With Domino 10, a DQL search could be used to collect the relevant note ids as well, in Domino JNA:
NotesDatabase.query(DQLTerm query, EnumSet flags, int maxDocsScanned, int maxEntriesScanned, int maxMsecs)
. 2. Sort view
The sort view may be identical to one of the key lookup views. I am using this view to find all note ids of my key lookups that are visible in the requested page in the web datatable (=> offset / count received from the browser) and get them returned in view sorting.
I call
NotesCollection.select(Collection noteIds, boolean clearPrevSelection)
with clearPrevSelection=true
to select all relevant note ids in the view and then call NotesCollection.getAllEntries(final String startPosStr, int skipCount, EnumSet returnNav,int preloadEntryCount, EnumSet returnMask, ViewLookupCallback callback)
with the following parameters: - startPosStr "0" => start at the beginning of the view
- skipCount = offset+1 =>skip rows based on paging parameters received from browser, "+1" to go from row "0" (which is one row above the first row) to the first
- returnNav = EnumSet.of(Navigate.NEXT_SELECTED) => only return previously selected rows
- preloadEntryCount => count parameter from browser
- returnMask = EnumSet.of(ReadMask.NOTEID) => just read the note ids (in view sorting)
- callback = a
implementation similar to the one I am using for the getAllIds methods internally (https://github.com/klehmann/domino-jna/blob/master/domino-jna/src/main/java/com/mindoo/domino/jna/NotesCollection.java#L996) which returns a LinkedHashSetwith the note ids in view sorting, but stops after "count" entries.
3. Data lookup view
This "masterdata" view contains all the view columns required to fill the web datatable columns. It only has one fixed sorting (here: by creation date) and no resortable columns.
As discussed before, "show response hierarchy" is not set here as well.
Once again I call
NotesCollection.select(Collection noteIds, boolean clearPrevSelection)
with clearPrevSelection=true
to set the view selection, but in this case I select just the note ids read from the sort view in step 2. So I read the data columns for all rows in the visible web datatable page, but as they are returned in the wrong sorting (creation date), I need to hash them by note id and reorder them based on the sort view sorting (not a problem, because my page size of 400 entries is quite small).
To read the view rows, I use
NotesCollection.getAllEntries(final String startPosStr, int skipCount, EnumSet returnNav,int preloadEntryCount, EnumSet returnMask, ViewLookupCallback callback)
as in step 2, but this time I want to read the UNID and column values for the rows as well: - returnMask = EnumSet.of(ReadMask.NOTEID, ReadMask.SUMMARYVALUES, ReadMask.NOTEUNID)
- callback = new NotesCollection.EntriesAsListCallback(count)
Sounds difficult? Yes, I agree, this still needs some convenience methods to make the code more readable.
The benefit is that I only have one stable view with all the data, resulting in a large view index size and slow initial index time (here 800 MB for 300.000 documents).
The key lookup and sort views are very small and fast to build (e.g. 60 MB each). So adding another lookup criteria or result sorting later is cheap, which would not be the case if I had to touch my data lookup view and add another resortable view column.
And even though I collect data from three views, the lookup performance is very fast, almost instant.
- Comments [2]


text:
Recommended for Ages 10 & up
2-6 Players
45 minutes playtime
Welcome to Mysterium Park!
Its cotton candies, its circus, its dark secrets...
The park's former director has disappeared, but the investigation came to nothing. Since that night, weird things are happening on the fairground. As psychics, you're convinced that a ghost haunts this carnival... You're now intent on giving it a chance to reveal the truth.
In this cooperative stand-alone game, the ghost sends visions with illustrated cards. The psychics try to interpret them in order to rule out certain suspects and locations. Then, they'll seize their only chance to piece together what happened to the director. You have only six nights before the carnival leaves town... Open your minds and find the truth!
Set in the lights of a 1950's US fairground, Mysterium Park shares the same core mechanism with the famous award-winning game it reimplements, though bringing a different approach: it is smaller and faster, thanks to very quick setup and simplified rules.
Mysterium is a milestone in immersive and eye-catching experiences close to role-playing; with Mysterium Park, you can enjoy the heart of it in a more condensed way.
Mysterium Park will be released at the end of 2020.
Payment & Security
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.


text:
Teaser song from soon to be released "Galaxion - Aftershock" album. See Alpha Centauri record label's homepage for more info.
First tune released under the name Galaxion. Composed in 2005. Full album is finished early 2010. Thanks for listening!
This mixture of spacesynth and trance was really hard to finish. Happily it's complete song now. Structure got bit messy but I hope you can handle it!
This track was released on Alpha Centauri Megamix. (www.centaurimusic.com)
Finished 2nd in the spacesynth.de competition. Full version for sale at audioenergy.de


text:
Gingivitis is a disease that can cause significant tooth and gum deterioration. A buildup of plaque and tartar allows bacteria to grow on the surfaces of the teeth. The bacteria will cause your gums to become inflamed and bleed. If left untreated, the condition will progress and worsen.
Treatment for gingivitis is simple and performed right at your dental office. Scaling and planing can be performed with or without anesthesia. While the procedure is usually painless, advanced stages of gingivitis may make it necessary to numb the area for comfort. Scaling is the removal of the dental tartar from the tooth surfaces, and root planing is smoothening the root surfaces and removing the infected tooth structure.


text:
The good people at Hardly Strictly Bluegrass have released the roster for this years event and it's another winner.
For those uninitiated, HSB is one of the premier Americana and roots music festivals in the world.
The annual event is held on the first Friday, Saturday and Sunday in October on 5 stages stretching across a location in Golden Gate Park formerly named Speedway Meadows but renamed Hellman Hollow in 2012, to pay homage to the late HSB benefactor, private equity investor and banjo enthusiast, Warren Hellman.
The 13th version of the festival does not disappoint as there is few Americana and roots festivals with this number of quality acts. it also has the benefit of being free. Well, it's benefit in one sense, but the swelling os not always pleasant crowds in recent years does take a toll.
The 41 confirmed acts offers exciting newcomers like Sturgill Simpson, Trampled By Turtles, Della Mae, First Aid Kit, Sallie Ford & The Sound Outside and local favorites Nicki Bluhm & The Gramblers and The Devil Makes. Americana and roots stalwarts like Buddy Miller, Joe Ely, Jimmie Dale Gilmore & Butch Hancock (aka The Flatlanders), Jon Langford, Patty Griffin, Tim O'Brien & Darrell Scott.
The folk-rock pioneers The Waterboys will be appearing as well as the legendary Ralph Stanley & The Clinch Mountain Boys. The whole thing wraps up in traditional fashion with the woman that has closed the event since it's beginning and embodies the spirit of the event, the extraordinary Emmylou Harris.
Find below the full line-up. The per-day stage schedules will be announced soon and I will update his post with the information.
When: Fri Oct 4th, Sat Oct 5th (11am – 7pm), and Sun Oct 6th, 2013 (11am – 7pm).
Where: Hellman Hollow (formerly Speedway Meadows), Lindley & Marx meadows in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA.
Mark Lanegan, Bonnie Raitt, Patty Griffin, Conor Brings Friends For Friday Featuring: Whispertown, The Cave Singers, The Felice Brothers, The Evens, First Aid Kit, Conor Oberst, Pieta Brown, Joy Kills Sorrow, LP, The Handsome Family, Jesse Dee, Alison Brown, Gogol Bordello, Boz Scaggs, Paul Kelly, The Deep Dark Woods, Justin Townes Earle, Emmylou Harris, The Devil Makes Three, Calexico, Ralph Stanley & The Clinch Mountain Boys, Martha Wainwright, The Brothers Comatose, Elvin Bishop, Jon Langford & Skull Orchard acoustic / FREAKONS, Low, Tumbleweed Wanderers, Richard Thompson, Tim O'Brien with Bryan Sutton & Mike Bub, Moonalice, Chris Isaak, Buddy Miller, The Time Jumpers featuring Brad Albin, Larry Franklin, Paul Franklin, Vince Gill, "Ranger Doug" Green, Andy Reiss, Dawn Sears, Kenny Sears, Joe Spivey, Jeff Taylor & Billy Thomas, Kieran Kane, Kevin Welch & Fats Kaplin, The Flatlanders featuring Joe Ely, Jimmie Dale Gilmore & Butch Hancock, The String Cheese Incident, Nick Lowe, Mike Scott & Steve Wickham of The Waterboys, Steve Martin and Steep Canyon Rangers featuring Edie Brickell, Freakwater, The Go To Hell Man Clan, Tim O'Brien & Darrell Scott, Billy Bragg, Loudon Wainwright III, Dry Branch Fire Squad, Mike Farris & The Roseland Rhythm Revue, Steve Earle & The Dukes, Kate McGarrigle Tribute with Martha & Sloan Wainwright & Special Guests, Holler Down the Hollow: A Hardly Strictly Salute to the Masters, Sturgill Simpson, Peter Rowan Bluegrass Band featuring Yungchen Lhamo, Sallie Ford & The Sound Outside, Shovels & Rope, Seldom Scene, Natalie Maines, Dave Alvin with Greg Leisz, Evolfo Doofeht, Allah-Las, Buddy Miller & Jim Lauderdale, G. Love & Special Sauce, Robert Ellis, Spirit Family Reunion, Bettye LaVette, Supermule, MC Hammer (Friday morning middle school program), Trampled By Turtles, The Warren Hood Band, Della Mae, Los Lobos Disconnected, Father John Misty, Jesse DeNatale, The Wood Brothers, Ryan Bingham, Jerry Douglas, Sonny & The Sunsets, Nicki Bluhm & The Gramblers, Tift Merritt, Kat Edmonson, Laurie Lewis & The Right Hands, The Forest Rangers with Katey Sagal,
Manchester Orchestra, Poor Man's Whiskey (Friday morning middle school program), Robert Earl Keen


text:
by Audrey Couloumbis
Year Published:
Ten-year-old Lexie used to love going to the shore. For as long as she can remember, she's spent every summer there with her parents, eating hamburgers, swimming in the ocean, and combing the beach for treasure. This summer is going to be different though. Lexie's mom and daddy are divorced, and for the first time Mom won't be there. To make matters worse, Daddy has a surprise—his new girlfriend, Vicky, and her two sons are coming to stay with them for a week! Now Lexie has to share her house with perky Vicky, Vicky's moody teenage son Ben, and messy three-year-old Harris. The little beach house just doesn't seem big enough for so many people. Is there still room for Lexie?Note: This book is available in our Library.


text:
FreelancersDev your premier destination for WordPress Web Design Services in Aurora, IL. If you looking to elevate your online presence with a stunning, custom WordPress website? Look no further! Our team of expert WordPress website designers and developers is here to bring your vision to life.
At our core, we believe in creating websites that not only look beautiful but also perform exceptionally. Whether you're a small business owner, an entrepreneur, or a large corporation, our WordPress web design services are tailored to meet your unique needs. We specialize in crafting responsive, SEO-friendly, and user-centric websites that engage your visitors and drive conversions.


text:
Grand-Prix in Moscow 2015
The international competitions of rhythmic gymnastics Grand-Prix Cup, that took place in Moscow on February 20-22, let us come to some conclusions and predictions according the appearance of competition leotards. That would be a useful information for gymnasts, their parents and coaches. We will share these facts with you in this article.
The formula of rhythmic gymnastics leotard is generally the same: leotard with zip fastener, leotard with a crew neck, long sleeves, short sleeves or without them. Short skirts with a notch and a pucker are also very common.
What is new? First, it is a color. The phenomenon of color is impossible to underestimate. The color is the basis of a leotard. The color creates the image. Each image can tell its own story.
The number of color variations is close to eternity. But the bright, juicy, intensive colors and the smooth graceful shades of whitish pink, blue and mint take the leading position. Such leotards suit to the most preferable waltz theme best. The well-known «one-two-three» rhythm sounds very often on the carpet. The Viennese waltz, the military waltz and the waltzes from popular novels «War and Peace» and «Anna Karenina» are loved by the most gymnasts. Gentle leotards and gentle melodies get mixed up creating the united airy image that is warmly accepted by the visitors.
The invasion of a bright orange color is very vivid. It is represented as an accent and as a main color. It favorably attracts the attention to the silhouette of a leotard and to the outlines of details. The combination of Indian blue and hot orange, lemon and orange, scarlet, blue, pink and bright green is used most often. This color choice is popular in the performances of Latin style. The quick-moving and energetic rhythms together with striking leotards advantageously look on the carpet, attracting the attention of visitors and judges.
The deep blue and black colors are never out of time. They give the gymnasts a sharp graphical expressiveness and emphasize a calm elegance.
We can't help noticing the triumph of skirts with fringe. The fringe is very effective. It moves as a wave, it falls and flows when the gymnasts move smoothly or sharply. The leotard acquires a new sounding and the performance becomes even more beautiful and breathtaking.
The multi-layer net skirts haven't lost their urgency. The airy, wavy skirts in the form of sun made of chiffon or net with puckers or without them beautifully flow in and transform the performances with balls or clubs. The skirts decorated with pretty and charming flounces, the net of a bodily color and crystals are very rare on the carpet. Such method makes the legs visually longer and the image becomes light and airy.
The symmetric decisions prevail in the leotards style. The moderate symmetry also takes place.
The love to the overalls came back. Among all other images they stand out and attract the attention.
The leotard without skirt undergoes its second birth. It is presented in a new way with rich decorative trimmings.
The velvet, bifleks, guipure, lace, nets and chiffon are responsible for the spectacular look of the leotards.
The unusual outlines of notches, the volume details, the play of colors, the magical colorful painting, the embroidery, the draperies (now as a background and an addition), the prints (as an emotional splash), the crystals (their quantity, colors and sizes) give the leotards the individuality.
And this is just a tiny part for creating the sparkling, unique, splendid images.
The leotard is not an outside attribute for gymnasts, the leotard is one of the most important part of a success. Follow the fashion brands, meet our new leotards collection, where you will easily find all new rhythmic gymnastics trends.
- If you want to look unique, order bespoke tailoring of custom ice skating dresses.
01 Sep 2016 at 06:00
01 Sep 2016 at 06:00
14 Jan 2020 at 10:55
Like it? Tell your friends


text:
Frangipani Address Book
Small address book with frangipani/plumerias all over the cover, back and front.
We have a NO RETURN policy for "change of mind" purchases. Returns will only be accepted for faulty products or incorrect contents and Leis and Aloha must be notified with 48 hours of delivery.
To be eligible for a return, the faulty item must be in the same condition that you received it, unworn or unused, with tags, and in its original packaging. You'll also need the receipt or proof of purchase.
To start a return, you can contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com. If your return is accepted, we'll send you a return shipping label, as well as instructions on how and where to send your package. Items sent back to us without first requesting a return will not be accepted.
You can always contact us for any return question at email@example.com
Please inspect your order upon delivery and contact us immediately if the item is defective, damaged or if you receive the wrong item, so that we can evaluate the issue and make it right.
We will notify you once we've received and inspected your return, and let you know if the refund was approved or not.
You will receive an order confirmation email upon placing your order. You will receive another notification when your order has shipped.
Leis and Aloha orders are usually despatched via Australia Post. It may take 2 working days for an order to be processed from the time of placement. Bedding takes longer to be despatched - usually no more than a week.
Deliveries may take longer if there are unexpected stock or delivery issues by Australia Post which are beyond our control. We will let you know if this is the case.
International shipping delivery times will depend on Australia Post and also the type of delivery option chosen on the checkout.
Leis and Aloha orders are only despatched Monday to Friday. We always attempt to deliver to customers within the stated delivery time but cannot take responsibility for circumstances beyond our control that delay the order.
Our shipping costs are automatically calculated by Australia Post, based on product weight, dimesions and the final delivery destination of your combined order. All shipping originates from Lennox Head in Australia.
Any questions regarding shipping can be directed to email@example.com


text:
Columns Retired Columns & Blogs |
I had a 535, along with a Proton AP1000 preamp and a set of Infinity RS6000A's. Fantastic sound. You could turn the Adcom off while music was playing and it would continue to play for about 10 seconds afterward!
Wrong, of course.
Adcom appears to be having the same problem with their $299.95 GFA-535 amp. Credibility.
Now if this amplifier were imported from England and sold for $599.95, then maybe it would be taken seriously. And highly praised, no doubt.
For the baby Adcom is one of the finest solid-state amps I have heard. No, not the best; I'm not sure what is the best. But it's an amplifier that is so good for so little money as to be practically a gift.
Actually, when Rob Ain from Adcom called, I was about as enthusiastic about the GFA-535 as you might have been before reading this piece. But Rob insisted, "You've gotta hear this amp."
He brought it over the next day, along with the GFP-555 preamp ($499.95), and we put both pieces into the rest of the system: a Shure Ultra 500 in a Rega RB300 arm on an AR ES-1 table, with Quad ESL-63 speakers on Arcici stands. Then we chatted for a half hour or so while the electronics warmed up.
And then, simultaneously, the two of us decided to shut up and listen.
"I've never heard the Quad ESL-63 sound better," Rob said. Of course, he was hardly an impartial observer, but the sound was extraordinarily clean, detailed, and musical. If it wasn't the best sound I have ever heard from Quads, it was pretty close.
This humble $300 amplifier was driving a pair of very revealing $3000 speakers and giving a very good account of itself. (We listened first to some Goran Sollscher classical guitar.)
"So how come this product isn't flying off the dealers' shelves?" I asked Rob.
"I don't know. Everyone wants the GFA-555 with 200 watts per channel. Including people who don't need it."
"Does the GFA-555 sound any better?" I asked.
"It's our aim to have all our amps sound pretty much the same. You pay more money, you get more power."
Rob pointed out that while the GFA-535 is rated at 60Wpc, it puts out more like 80. And while I did not do any measurements, my experience with other amps tells me Rob's right. I suppose Adcom doesn't want to steal sales from its GFA-545, rated at 100Wpc and selling for $200 more.
After a couple of hours, Rob left, grinning from ear to ear, and I later sat down to listen alone. True, when I tried certain Telarcs and pushed hard I could get the amplifier to cliptwo LEDs quickly light up (very useful). But the Quads were running out of the ability to use the power anyway. My first impressions were confirmed: the GFA-535 is one of the best amplifiers around for driving Quads. Spendor SP-1s, too.
Suddenly, it hit me what this meant. Conventional wisdom had been dealt a severe blow. You know, the old saw that you should never power a good pair of speakers with a cheap amplifier. Here was a cheap ampone of the cheapest on the marketthat sounded good with Quads, Spendors, later Vandersteens. Probably Thiels, tooat least the CS1.2. What it means is you can stretch your speaker budget a bit and get the speakers you really want, then economize by buying an Adcom GFA-535 for $299.95. True, you may be a little power shy, but probably not much. And to say the least, the GFA-535 would make a decent interim amp.
What does the GFA-535 sound like? (You thought I'd forget that part, right?) Well, this is one of the most neutral amps I've heard. While it doesn't sound particularly tubelike, it avoids the typical transistor nasties through the midrange and into the treble. I wouldn't call it sweetthere's no euphonic coloringbut it isn't cold or sterile. What it is, is smooth. And detailed. Far more detailed than I would ever imagine a $300 amplifier could be. The GFA-535 reminds me of the Eagle 2A and PS Audio 200C, amplifiers that sell, respectively, for about three and five times the price. Of course, they have more power. And they are more detailed. The point is, the Adcom comes close. Very close.
The bass, like everything else, is neutral, certainly not fat and overdone. But it's here where you notice that this amp is not a powerhouse. You just don't get the solidity and extension you get with a very powerful (and expensive) solid-state amp. Nor do you get the breadth and depth of soundstage that you often find with a very powerful amp. The Adcom GFA-535 sounds a wee bit small, which it is.
My only criticism, and it's more of a quibble, is that the speaker connectors are nonstandard and unique (so far as I know). You insert bared speaker wire into a hole and twist the connector tight a quarter turn. Most speaker cables will fit, but some will not. Certainly MIT won't. Neither will the best Kimber, the kind with eight clumps of strands. The less costly four-clump Kimber will, and proved an excellent choice. My sample amp was quietno humand ran cool. There are selectors for two sets of speakers. And the 535 looks nice.
And talk about economy: If you're not into LPs anymore, you could buy a Mod Squad, dbx, or Old Colony line-level switching boxor possibly a B&K Pro 5 preamp, with its switchable line amp section (only $350), or the Adcom SLC-505 passive preamp ($150)and run it with a CD player. In fact, if you are into CD only (no tape, no tuner, no phono), you could buy a CD player with a variable volume output and run it directly into the Adcom. This amplifier is so good and so cheap that I think any CD owner who buys an integrated amp is nuts.
In its price category, the Adcom GFA-535 is not only an excellent choice; it's the only choice. The real question is whether you should buy one even if $299.95 is much less than you planned to spend for an ampie, whether you should put the money into a better CD player or pair of speakers instead.
B&K or Adcom?
The B&K amplifiers, as I have often said, sound tubelike. They work best with speakers that are very extended and very neutral, and particularly well with speakers that tend to be unforgiving in the upper midrange and treblelean, clean, quick speakers like the Quad ESL-63, Spendor SP-1, Thiel CS2, and Epos ES-14. Adcom amps may be more appropriate with speakers that tend slightly to warmththe Vandersteen 2C comes to mind.
Mostly, though, it comes down to a matter of personal taste. What kind of sound do you want? I would carefully audition amplifiers from both Adcom and B&K with the speakers I have or intend to buy before coming to a decision. In other words, don't buy one without hearing the other. Of course, if $299.95 is your limit, then your choice is easy: Adcom. I hope the success of the GFA-535 inspires John Beyer, of B&K, to market his own $300 amplifier.
I had a 535, along with a Proton AP1000 preamp and a set of Infinity RS6000A's. Fantastic sound. You could turn the Adcom off while music was playing and it would continue to play for about 10 seconds afterward!
Isn't the advantage of dual mono designs total channel separation? How is crosstalk rising in split power supplies?


text:
My first, the Sweet Tart. |
Plus two new babies, the Cherry Tart and Lollipop. |
Photo filtered via PicMonkey. Because Picnik is saying buh-bye in a few. |
Uncapped and placed together side by side, here's how their colors look like.
From L-R: Sweet Tart, Cherry Tart, Lollipop. |
From L-R: Sweet Tart, Lollipop, Cherry Tart. |
Lollipop, up close. |
Cherry Tart, up close. |
That's Cherry Tart on top, and Lollipop at the bottom. |


text:
High School Diploma in Esthetics
Career summary: Skincare Specialists
Average Salary$34,090 National Average, Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics |
Career OutlookVery Good 11% job growth by 2028, which is much faster than average |
Earn a degree in esthetics from an accredited college
One of the best ways to prepare for a career in esthetics is through a college education. A High School Diploma will help you develop entry level skills, general esthetics know how and the basic esthetics experience you need to start your career off right. You may also consider a Diploma in Esthetics to help you take your education and career to the next level. Please select esthetics school below.
Why would I want an esthetics degree?
Estheticians, or skincare specialists, usually work in salons, health and beauty spas, or, less frequently, medical offices. Although most work full time, many work evenings and weekends. This is particularly true for self-employed workers who run their own salons.
Job Description
What does a person with an esthetics degree do?
Skincare specialists typically do the following:
- Evaluate clientsâ skin condition and appearance
- Discuss available treatments and determine which products will improve clientsâ skin quality
- Remove unwanted hair, using wax, laser, or other approved treatments
- Clean the skin before applying makeup
- Recommend skin care products, such as cleansers, lotions, or creams
- Teach and advise clients on how to apply makeup and how to take care of their skin
- Refer clients to another skincare specialist, such as a dermatologist, for serious skin problems
- Disinfect equipment and clean work areas
How much does someone with an esthetics degree make?
The median hourly wage for skincare specialists was $16.39 in May 2019. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent of skincare specialists earned less than $9.85 per hour, and the top 10 percent earned more than $30.07 per hour.
Career Outlook
How popular are esthetics jobs?
The increase in employment reflects demand for new services being offered, such as minisessions (quick facials at a lower cost) and mobile facials (making house calls). In addition, the desire among women and a growing number of men to reduce the effects of aging and to lead a healthier lifestyle through better grooming, including skin treatments for relaxation and well-being, should result in employment growth.
Career Path
How do I get a job in esthetics?
Skincare specialists usually take a state-approved cosmetology or esthetician program. Although some high schools offer vocational training, most people receive their training from a postsecondary vocational school.
Salary and career outlook data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Esthetics Schools (0)
...Please wait... more schools are loading...


text:
Two contract manufacturing organizations, Goodwin Biotechnology (GBI) and Coldstream Laboratories, said today they will team up to develop and manufacture antibody-drug conjugates and other bioconjugates, hoping to meet growing market demand for ADCs employing highly potent and cytotoxic therapeutic payloads.
Under the collaboration, whose value was not disclosed, GBI will carry out activities within Coldstream's cGMP platform of services. Those activities include analytical testing, formulation, liquid or lyophilized fill and finish, storage, and shipment of manufactured highly potent bioconjugates.
"These manufacturing activities may be performed for non-GMP proof-of-concept and process development work, as well as manufacturing to support both GLP Tox and cGMP," Eric W. Smart, Coldstream's president and CEO, said in a statement. "Our filling batch sizes will vary from tens of non-GMP vials for use in nonclinical, proof-of-concept studies to thousands of cGMP-compliant vials to enable human clinical trials and meet a wide spectrum of client needs."
Coldstream, which originated at the University of Kentucky's Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, offers small-volume, parenteral manufacturing services, as well as mobile-isolator technology to provide an ISO Class 5 environment designed to afford high containment capacity for manufacturing potent, cytotoxic products. Coldstream's services range from proof-of-concept through to commercial manufacturing.
GBI, which originated with the nonprofit Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, offers integrated development and cGMP contract manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies, and recombinant proteins and vaccines, as well as ADCs. GBI offerings include cell culture and purification process development, scale-up, GLP manufacturing and cGMP manufacturing services for cell culture-derived biopharmaceuticals.
"The resultant products (ADCs) are designed to provide highly specific targeting of cancer cells, for example, and enhanced cell-killing ability. The result will be improved therapeutic effectiveness with minimal toxicity when compared to traditional therapeutic approaches," predicted Muctarr Sesay, Ph.D., GBI's vp of process development, in the statement.
GBI, which is owned by India-based Wallace Pharmaceuticals, has established several manufacturing collaborations not only with biopharmas but with research institutions as well. In one agreement reached last year, GBI and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center agreed to collaborate on process development and GMP manufacturing of a cancer-fighting fusion protein consisting of a vascular endothelial growth factor and the recombinant toxin, Gelonin (rGel), conjugated to a DOTA chelator.


text:
The temperature is starting to climb and it's almost safe to leave your scarf at home. Spring is in the air and, as flowers bloom and citizens emerge from hibernation, it's the perfect time to start afresh with some spring cleaning. Once you're done dusting the shelves, take a look at your finances and see where they could do with a polish too.
This summary of a five-step guide that was published on Clark will help you to clean your financial cobwebs to start the spring season with vigour.
1. Evaluate your financial situation
First things first — you can't make any changes until you know what you're dealing with. Start with the big picture by looking at your assets and liabilities, then work your way down to the nitty gritty by reviewing your monthly expenses and budget. Do you manage to keep to your budget every month or is it unrealistic? Your budget should be life-centered – allowing space and provision for the priorities that you have set.
Ask these kinds of questions for all your money matters to work out if your financial processes are working for you or not. A healthy financial situation is simply one that fits your needs and goals — if it's not working for you, fix it.
It's also worth taking a few minutes to review your bank statements to make sure everything is in order and there is no fraudulent activity, overdraft fees, or charges for services you don't use anymore.
2. Cut any unnecessary costs
Lifestyle inflation is hard to avoid and it's easy to get sucked into the trap of spending way more than we need to. This spring, take the time to review whether anything unnecessary has creeped into your budget and become more of a burden than a bonus. Decide what you really need to live a happy life within your means, and cut back on anything that isn't helping you to lead a carefree existence. If you can't cut some costs completely, see if you can at least reduce them a bit.
Also review your debt payments to ensure you're not paying more than you have to. If you have a credit card, for example, try to look for a 0% balance transfer card. Then try to keep paying the same amount on the card each month so that you can clear your debt quicker.
3. Check your investments and insurance
As life changes, so do our needs with regards to investment and insurance. Make sure that you're aware of what your insurance covers and that everything is up-to-date if you've had any major changes recently. Also make sure that your beneficiaries are listed correctly and that everything is clear in the event of an emergency.
Do similar checks for any savings plans. Investigate any contributions, asset allocations or fees that are unclear in your investment portfolio, and arrange a meeting if you're unsure as to how anything works. Ensure that everything is still in line with your risk appetite, and don't hesitate to ask questions if concerned.
If you have time, it's also worth getting a credit report to check that everything is correct, and consider investing your tax refund if you were given one so that you won't be tempted to spend it.
4. Organise any clutter
Are you not quite sure where all your tax returns are hiding? Can you dispute an incorrect charge by locating your statements at the click of a finger? If not, then it's time to keep track about all aspects of your financial situation for ease and efficiency.
A little organisation goes a long way, and this could be as simple as dedicating a filing cabinet to all your paperwork, or creating folders on a computer or in a cloud for different aspects of your financial regime. It doesn't have to be fancy, it just has to work for you; and it will save you a lot of hassle in the long run.
5. Reconnect with your goals
Financial goals and priorities can shift for reasons in and out of our control, so it's important to check in with yourself to see if you're on track to to achieving what's important to you.
If you're way off path, don't worry — just review your goals and make sure that they're SMART (specific, measurable, actionable, realistic and timely). Rethink your priorities and reconsider your plan of action if need be.
Make a habit of checking in with yourself so that you can achieve your financial goals and make them a reality. Put a spring in your step and get cleaning in any financial nook or cranny that you've been leaving to gather dust for too long.


text:
All Content and Pictures Protected by Copyright
Copyright 2013 Franzjackson.com Unless Otherwise Specified
Franz Jackson
Join The Mailing List!
Franz's Bio
Franz Jackson Jazz Celebration
Photo Gallery
Remembering Franz
Awards & Honors
Contact Info
Best when viewed at 1024 x 768 resolution
Lijit Search
Want to lend your support to the next event planned to honor Franz?
Click the "Donate" button above to make a donation to Franz's Jazz Celebration!
The 2012
Franz Jackson
Jazz Celebration
"For me jazz is like liberty and freedom. As long as there is freedom and liberty there will be jazz – because that's the kind of music it is."
Franz Jackson (undated quote)
This site is dedicated to the memory and musical legacy of one of the greatest, yet possibly one of the most under-recognized, jazz musicians of the 20th and 21st centuries, Franz Jackson.
Franz was born November 1, 1912, started playing jazz at age 13 and didn't stop until just months before his death in May, 2008 at the age of 95.
He touched tens of thousands with his music and his spirit and we continue to remember him fondly and with reverance.
My personal goal is to eventually organize an annual jazz festival in Franz's name in Southwestern Lower Michigan where he raised his family. Support from his friends and fans will be vital in making the dream a reality
As you can see above, I am also in the process of producing a CD-set from Franz's 95th birthday concert in 2007. Funding for the project is being raised through Kickstarter.com - an online fundraising platform. I would greatly appreciate your support of this project. Please click here to learn more.
If this is your first visit, welcome, I hope you enjoy learning more about Franz. Look around, listen a bit, browse the photos and, please, feel free to leave your sentiments about Franz on his "
" page.
Michelle Jewell
Please keep checking back to find out more (don't miss out - add your name to the
mailing list
and you'll
get notified automatically)!
Franz's website is maintained designed, built, and maintained by his daughter, Michelle, and will remain active in celebration of his spirit and memory in an effort to continue to provide information about this amazing musician to those who knew him and those who have yet to discover his incredible talent.
Get Your Copy of Franz's Last CD:
"Franz Jackson: Milestone"
Click Here to Order the Digital
and/or Physical Album


text:
Volkman Avian Science Hookbill 4 lb
Couldn't load pickup availability
Share this product:
Safflower based mix, no sunflower added. Suitable for small to larger Hookbills.
For small birds, feed 1 tablespoon daily. For medium birds feed 2 to 4 tablespoons daily. For small parrots feed 1/8 cup to 1/4 cup daily. For large parrots feed 1/4 to 1/2 cup daily.
Safflower Seed, Wheat, Oat Groats, Buckwheat, Millet, Corn, Rough Rice, Banana, Barley, Shelled Peanuts, Dehydrated Peas, Hulled Pumpkin Seed, Papaya, Dried Apple, Dehydrated Carrot, Coconut, Peppers, Safflower Oil, Orange Oil, Sugar, Vegetable Oil, Banana Flavor, FD&C Yellow No.6. (Not a Complete Diet, supplement diet with fresh fruits, vegetables and treats.)
Crude Protein, not less than 12.50%. Crude Fat, not less than 17.60%. Crude Fiber, not more than 10.00%. Moisture, not more than 15.00%. Ash, not more than 2.50%
Manufactured in a facility that processes products that contain: Peanuts, Tree Nuts, Wheat, Fish, Shellfish, Milk, Egg, Soybean.


text:
All of the images are from the Internet. I built a template page in photoshop that's set to the size of the pages in the book, then all I have to do is fill it with clippings from stuff I find, print them out, and stick them in.
One of the best things about this process is the exploration. You get to see some of the mind blowing talent that lies almost anonymously on the Internet, and you get to learn a little from these great artists, and capture it.
My plan is to fill another book with my own drawings... but that's for another day.
( note: this work isn't my own. As I add to this blog, I will update my links to where these little gems were discovered )


text:
Pizza Delivery Near You In New Baltimore, MI
Welcome to Hungry Howie's, the home of the original flavored crust pizza! For over 50 years, we've been making our customers happy by offering nearby pizza delivery. Our pizza delivery service offers a diverse menu filled with mouth-watering options.
We are proud of our reputation as the masters of flavor, and we offer our famous flavored crust pizza options, along with a vast selection of calzone-style oven-baked subs, Howie Bread, fresh salads, Howie Wings, desserts, Pepsi products, and more. Whether you are in the mood for an American staple food like pizza with an exciting twist or anything else on our tempting menu, pizza delivery in New Baltimore, MI is only a click away.
Home of the Original Flavored Crust® Pizza
As the official home of the original flavored crust pizza, Hungry Howie's is a must-try pizza delivery experience. Discover the undeniably delicious flavored crust pizza options that so many are talking about. Choose from various flavors like Butter, Butter Cheese, Asiago Cheese, Ranch, Italian Herb, Cajun, Sesame, and Garlic Herb.
Have the flavored crust you want in mind? Now it's time to build your pizza or choose from popular favorites like our Pepperoni Duo Pizza, Bee Sting Pizza, Meat Eaters Pizza, Mac N Cheese Pizza, Veggie Pizza, and more. With so many flavor options, you can never go wrong, and you will indeed find pizza that everyone will love.
More Than Just Pizza, We Offer Salads, Wings, Sandwiches, and Desserts Too!
We don't stop at pizza and oven-baked subs; at Hungry Howie's, our pizza delivery service includes menu options like fresh salad, wings, and gluten-free. From buttery, garlic Howie Bread sticks to crisp, juicy Howie Wings or the No-Dough Bowl crustless pizza baked in a bowl, there's no shortage of Hungry Howie's signature dishes.
Are you having a party? Let Hungry Howie's take care of the food with our party planner services. Choose from home-delivered pizza party combo meals featuring pizzas and Howie Bread, tailored to the number of guests at your pizza party in New Baltimore, MI.
Order Pizza Delivery or Takeout Food Online
Enjoy delicious, fresh, and oven-baked flavorful pizzas and more from Hungry Howie's in New Baltimore, MI customized to your liking and delivered straight to your door. Our pizza delivery is available near you with our customized HowieTrack so that you can get real-time updates on the status of your next pizza delivery order. Order online here or use our curbside pickup to try the best-flavored pizza in town!