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"Should an incident occur within or near a densely populated area … an incident … has the potential to be truly catastrophic and result in billions of dollars in personal injury and property damage claims. The damages potentially resulting from an exposure could risk the financial soundness and viability of the rail transportation network in North America." The Association of American Railroads (AAR), Submission to Transport Canada, January 2014.
Bakken crude oil production has many of the classic characteristics of an economic bubble. It looks likely that, as with every bubble before, it will end. Whether it ends catastrophically or just badly depends on how regulators act.
Some of the primary features of a bubble include a very rapid market expansion based on an unrealistic assessment of underlying risk, lax regulation, and an overly optimistic belief in continued rapid growth. In hindsight, it should have been obvious that hundreds of billions of dollars of poorly hedged sub-prime loans that depended on ever-rising housing prices were a huge risk. When the sub-prime mortgage bubble burst, the entire financial system was so distressed that a government bailout was required to save it. On a smaller scale, the same might be said for shipping huge amounts of explosive shale oil in unsafe, poorly insured tank cars through hundreds of populated areas: the risks are obvious but poorly hedged, and the enterprise can result in tremendous negative consequences for communities. In a realistic worst-case scenario, the Bakken oil train bubble bursting catastrophically could jeopardize the viability of the North American rail transportation network.
The mechanism most likely to pop the Bakken bubble is an Emergency Order issued by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT) that immediately removes unsafe legacy DOT-111 tank cars from use in oil trains. An executive order like that—already thoroughly justified and well within USODT's authority—would severely curtail oil production in the Bakken region because there is no alternative method for shipping the volumes of oil currently being produced.
The real question may be "when," not "if," USDOT will issue the order. Deborah Hersman, the recent chair of the National Transportation Safety Board urged regulators not to wait for "a higher body count before they move forward."
Regulatory authority and an imminent hazard
The US federal government regulates railroad safety via agencies under the USDOT umbrella. (Local and state government laws are preempted from regulating railroads.) The Secretary of USDOT has the authority to impose Emergency Orders on railroads upon determination that "…an unsafe condition or practice, constitutes or is causing an imminent hazard." In other words, USDOT Secretary Anthony Foxx has the authority to skip an extended "rulemaking" process and simply issue an Emergency Order banning the use of legacy unsafe DOT-111 tanks cars for transporting crude oil.
Hersman's former agency, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), conducts independent crash investigations, but lacks regulatory authority. And since the 1990s, the NTSB has investigated and documented accidents involving legacy DOT-111 tanks cars. According to the NTSB, legacy DOT-111s can "…almost always be expected to breach in derailments that involve pileups or multiple car-to-car impacts."
So why are these older unsafe cars still on the rails? In part because a provision in federal law making railroads operate under a "common carrier obligation." Railroads are, in fact, actually prohibited by law from refusing to haul any legal load, even if would be inconvenient or unprofitable. Or dangerous. So oil companies load unstable crude into legal (but unsafe) tank cars and the railroads must haul them, and they will continue to until federal regulators determine these tank cars are no longer okay to use.
Railroad workers generally do an excellent job of moving cargo through cities without incident. Yet accidents do occasionally happen. And oil trains will derail just as freight trains derail, except the consequences can be much more severe. In May, Grays Harbor County in Washington, the location for a proposed oil-by-rail train terminal, experienced three freight train derailments within a two week period. Sightline mapped every derailment in the Northwest from June 2011 to December 2013 and found that on average one freight train derailment occurs every three-and-a-half days.
And derailments and releases of crude oil have increased dramatically as oil-by-rail traffic has increased.
There is a well-documented risk of imminent hazard from oil train derailments. And to a certain degree the USDOT recognizes this. On May 7, on the heels of yet another oil train explosion-–-this one in Lynchburg, Virginia—it issued a voluntary safety advisory urging that Bakken crude not be shipped in legacy DOT-111 tank cars. Transport Canada, the Canadian railroad regulator, has moved somewhat more assertively. It recently issued its version of an emergency order to immediately prohibit the use of 5,000 of the least crash-resistant legacy DOT-111 tank cars for the shipping of hazardous material including crude oil. Though prohibited in Canada, these tank cars are still perfectly legal for shipping hazardous materials and crude oil in the US. In addition, Transport Canada will require that all legacy tank cars used for the transportation of crude oil and ethanol be phased out of service or retrofitted within three years.
It doesn't take much imagination to believe that USDOT's passivity so far results from push back by the oil industry that fears losing shipping capacity.
Systemic risk and a catastrophic oil train accident
"Systemic risk" is a term for the risk of a collapse of an entire market caused by the failure of one big institution. After the searing experience of the 2008 financial meltdown, the federal government put into place regulations ensuring that financial institutions had the capitalization they would need to handle their own potential losses in a worst case scenario event, instead of depending on the government for a bailout.
Yet today's railroad industry is every bit as exposed to systemic risk as the finance sector was then due to a combination of their common carrier obligation and a liability regime that imposes all costs from a worst-case oil train derailment on the railroad. The billions of dollars in personal injury and property damage claims from a catastrophic derailment in a populated area could, according to the American Association of Railroads, "risk the financial soundness and viability of the rail transportation network in North America."
At most, a Class 1 railroad has $1 to $1.5 billion in liability insurance — far less than what is needed for a worst-case accident. "Insurance should be recognized for what it is; an inadequate secondary layer of protection," the Canadian Pacific railroad told Transport Canada in its investigation of systemic risk in the railroad industry. Right now, the primary layer of protection is the taxpayer.
The oil companies profiting from the Bakken boom are creating this systemic risk by shifting all risk and costs from a crude oil train derailment onto under-insured railroads and the public. When questioned about this, oil companies like Valero blithely respond that a railroad "bears this responsibility and has the duty to ensure carrying a sufficient insurance coverage. Should insurance premiums increase, the market will adjust and the 'user pays' principle will continue to apply."
But the oil companies well know that even if a railroad wanted to buy insurance for a truly catastrophic accident—a 300 foot-tall fireball in downtown Spokane, say—no one would sell it to them.
"There is not currently enough available coverage in the commercial insurance market anywhere in the world to cover the worst-case [train derailment] scenario," according to an industry expert quoted in the Wall Street Journal.
Taxpayers will inevitably be forced to pick up the billions in uninsured costs from a catastrophic oil train accident to prevent the bankruptcy of a Class 1 railroad and maintain the viability of rail transportation in North American.
The systemic risk produced by each and every trip a crude oil train makes through a populated area certainly should be a reason to prohibit the use of legacy DOT-111s.
The Bakken Bust
The rapid increase in oil-by-rail has largely been to serve shale oil production out of the Bakken region where there is a lack of pipeline infrastructure.
According to the oil industry, there are about 26,000 legacy DOT-111s in crude oil service now, making up 70 percent of the current fleet. Based on oil industry statements, shippers are not planning to pull even a single one of these from service by the end of 2015. To the contrary, the oil industry expects that legacy DOT-111 tank cars "could be needed for the next decade if the industry is going to meet the challenge of moving booming crude production to markets."
If legacy DOT-111 tank cars are eventually prohibited by Emergency Order – whether before or after the next disaster—it will inevitably reduce crude oil shipping capacity. In fact, industry representatives have warned "that the railway supply industry will have a hard time meeting the rising demand for new cars while retrofitting existing ones." Shippers looking to buy rail cars are already facing a two-year backlog in some markets.
Without the nearly 26,000 older, unsafe legacy tank cars, Bakken production will be forced to decline dramatically simply because there will be no way to move the crude to refineries in sufficient volume. So right now, the oil industry is doing everything it can to prevent an Emergency Order including, ordering up a study alleging that, despite all the online videos of oil train derailments and resulting fireballs, Bakken oil is actually no more flammable than other commonly shipped hazardous materials, and it is perfectly fine to ship in legacy DOT-111s.
It's very likely that an Emergency Order on legacy DOT-111s is coming—whether proactively issued by USDOT out of regard for public safety, or after the next big oil train accident. And if it requires an immediate phase-out of all the legacy tanks cars, the Bakken bubble will burst.


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The Manuscripts & Visual Resources Team at the Ohio Historical Society is pleased to announce that a variety of collections are now cataloged and available to researchers. These original manuscript and photographic collections are housed at the Ohio Historical Center in Columbus, Ohio. They are available for use in the Archives/Library reading room to the public during open hours. To find out more about the collections on the list, please got to our Online Collections Catalog. You can search for collections by the call number or keywords in the title.
AV 220 Vicki Cuddy Collection
MSS 1354 AV Carl Givler Collection
OVS 7289 Re-Enactment of the Northwest Territory Celebration Trek
OVS 7319 Mt. Vernon H.S. Football Team
OVS 7388 The Marietta Daily Times, Centennial Edition
OVS 7389 Poster Advertising the Northwest Territory Celebration
OVS 7390 Gwendolyn Dunlevy Kelley
OVS 7391 Alfred Kelley Mansion
SC 4117 George Frederick Wright
SC 4215 Wayne B. Wheeler
SC 5779 James Lawrence Bates Homestead
VFM 5497 AV Lazarus Minstrels Photograph
"Hide and Seek: Finding Young Ohioans in the Archives" is now on view at the Ohio History Center.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Stripes Collection
The Summer Collection
The Basics Collection
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Money magazine posts a cost of living web calculator that covers a whole lot of U.S. cities with fairly up-to-date data, giving you the lowdown on how far your salary would go in your dream city.
More likely, though, is that you'd want a comparison of the cities you're looking at moving to for a new job or opportunity. Money's calculator pulls data on the cost of health care, groceries, utilities, and other necessities from the last four quarters available from The Council for Community and Economic Research, whereas some Google-located city cost comparison sites are working with years-old data.
After plugging in a (pretend) salary and the last city I remember visiting, I'm seriously considering the balance of great barbecue and cost of living. If I was serious about a move in jobs and locales, though, I'd have to know how to ask for a better salary.
Found your own surprising results with this calculator? Highly doubt some results your received? Share your findings in the comments. Thanks Kyle!
Cost of living: Compare prices in two cities [CNNMoney.com]


text: On Thu, Jan 17, 2008 at 02:53:36PM +0100, Bogdan Costescu wrote: > On Wed, 16 Jan 2008, Craig Tierney wrote: > > >Our queue limits are 8 hours. > >... > >Did that sysadmin who set 24 hour time limits ever analyze the amount > >of lost computational time because of larger time limits? > > While I agree with the idea and reasons of short job runtime limits, I > disagree with your formulation. Being many times involved in > discussions about what runtime limits should be set, I wouldn't make > myself a statement like yours; I would say instead: YMMV. In other > words: choose what fits better the job mix that users are actually > running. If you have determined that 8h max. runtime is appropriate > for _your_ cluster and increasing it to 24h would lead to a waste of > computational time due to the reliability of _your_ cluster, then > you've done your job well. But saying that everybody should use this > limit is wrong. Completely agree. > Furthermore, although you mention that system-level checkpointing is > associated with a performance hit, you seem to think that user-level > checkpointing is a lot lighter, which is most often not the case. Hmmm. A system level checkpoint must save the complete state of the process to be checkpointed plus all of its siblings/children plus varying amounts of external state; a machine level checkpoint must save complete machine(s) state. A user level checkpoint need only save the data that define the current state--that could well be a small set of values. Having written that, it may be *easier* (even cheaper) to expend the resources to save the complete state than to restructure some suitably complex code to expose a restart state. I certainly know an application that fits that model during most of its runtime. But, at the end of the day, that is just trading runtime for design/coding/validation time and the notion's validity depends on which side of the operation you sit. Consider this though, if as an admin you only rely on user- level checkpoint, you *will* end up with an argument from one or more users about the maximum runtime at some point; with a system (or machine) checkpoint, you'll likely avoid a lot of agida[1], especially when unplanned or emergency outages/reprioritzations occur. > Apart from the obvious I/O limitations that could restrict saving & > loading of checkpointing data, there are applications for which > developers have chosen to not store certain data but recompute it > every time it is needed because the effort of saving, storing & > loading it is higher than the computational effort of recreating it - > but this most likely means that for each restart of the application > this data has to be recomputed. And smaller max. runtimes mean more > restarts needed to reach the same total runtime... As you note, only the application can know that it's easier to recompute than save and restore. I suspect many of us can site specific examples where it's easier to recompute; some could probably also cite cases where recomputing is faster too... [1] Hearburn, indigestion, general upset or agitation. -- David N. Lombard, Intel, Irvine, CA I do not speak for Intel Corporation; all comments are strictly my own.


text:
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text:
Check out the German translation by Frederik Meysel. From 2005. | Check out the French translation by TBBUIM. From 2004. | Check out the Italian translation, by Massimo Rainato! From 1998. | Buy Dayan cubes at Amazon. Some of the best speed cubes of 2012. |
This is a tutorial for my method of solving Rubik's Cube. It is intended both for beginners and experienced cubers. There is no group theory or written notation involved, I just show you how to move. You need a modern canvas tag capable browser, ideally with WebGL enabled.
Using this method, I won the 1981 Swedish championships, and finished 4th in the first world championships in Budapest 1982. I also won a minor world championship in 2005. As my official results show, I am a has-been these days.
Please take a look at my terminology, so you know the difference between a turn and a twist, for example.
If you are a total beginner, look at this description of the basic Rubik's Cube concepts.
Most people solve the cube layer by layer. This is a simple way for the human mind to approach the problem, but it is useless for speed cubing. No matter how good you are, you will use more than 100 moves. Going for speed, I use 55-60 moves on average. Going for few moves, I average 40-45.
The basic problem with the layer method is big, and obvious once you realize it. When you have completed the first layer, you can do nothing without breaking it up. So you break it, do something useful, then restore it. Break it, do something, restore it. Again and again. In a good solution you do something useful all the time. The first layer is in the way of the solution, not a part of it!
The Petrus method has 7 steps:
I also have some tips on the physical and mental aspects of speed cubing.


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May/June 2013 Volume 19, Number 5/6 Table of Contents
Micah AltmanMIT Libraries firstname.lastname@example.com Jefferson BaileyMetropolitan New York Library Council email@example.com Karen CarianiWGBH Media Library and Archives firstname.lastname@example.com Michelle Gallinger, Jane Mandelbaum, Trevor OwensLibrary of Congress {mgal, jman, firstname.lastname@example.com doi:10.1045/may2013-altman
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The structure and design of digital storage systems is a cornerstone of digital preservation. To better understand ongoing storage practices of organizations committed to digital preservation, the National Digital Stewardship Alliance conducted a survey of member organizations. This article reports on the findings of the survey. The results of the survey provide a frame of reference for organizations to compare their storage system approaches with NDSA member organizations.
The National Digital Stewardship Alliance (NDSA) is a network of partners dedicated to ensuring enduring access to digital information. The Alliance's mission is to establish, maintain, and advance the capacity to preserve our nation's digital resources for the benefit of present and future generations.
NDSA membership consists of universities, consortia, professional societies, commercial businesses, professional associations, and government agencies at the federal, state and local level. The Alliance sponsors working groups that enrich digital preservation practice for all. The NDSA Infrastructure Working Group identifies and shares emerging practices around the development and maintenance of tools and systems for the curation, preservation, storage, hosting, migration, and similar activities supporting the long term preservation of digital content. In one effort to achieve that, the NDSA Infrastructure Working Group conducted a member survey, examining trends in preservation storage. The goal of this survey was to develop a snapshot of storage practices within the organizations of the NDSA. This survey is part of the group's larger effort to explore NDSA members' current approaches to large-scale storage systems for digital stewardship as well as the potential for cloud computing and storage in digital preservation.
The NDSA storage survey was conducted between August 2011 and November 2011. Responses were received from 58 of the 74 members, who stated that they were actively involved in preserving digital content at the time. This represents a 78% response rate. NDSA had a total of 98 members during that period. The respondents represent a diverse cross section of organizations working with preservation storage systems. A copy of the survey can be found in Appendix 1, and a Glossary of Terms used in this report in Appendix 2.
The partners who responded to the questionnaire illustrate the diversity of the National Digital Stewardship Alliance. They include federal and state agencies, public and commercial media organizations, research libraries, and non-profit organizations tasked with the stewardship of digital information. Each partner has different specific stewardship goals (for example, re-use, public access, internal access, legal mandate, etc.). With that noted, all have a goal to not only preserve but make accessible their digital content in order to help their organization fulfill its mission.
Partners are storing a wide range of digital materials. Nearly all reported a significant amount of text and still images. Many are also storing or beginning to store moving images and audio files. For the most part, members described their 2011 collections as between 50-400 TB of digital materials, although one respondent is storing 5 PB. Partners preserving text documents reported much larger object counts than those with other media.
Nearly all respondents are using some sort of commercial spinning disk/server storage for online storage in combination with a digital data tape storage system for offline/nearline storage. Within the NDSA, many members also participate in a range of distributed replication/infrastructure networks and cooperatives (i.e. LOCKSS, MetaArchive, Data-PASS, etc.).1
The key findings from the survey were:
Note that these percentages varied by organizational role, although in general the subpopulations are too small to support reliable inferences about the differences. In Appendix 3, we provide details on the distribution of key findings by organizational role, and of selected other responses. Note that not all respondents responded to all questions, although question-level non-response was generally quite low. Throughout this article, proportions reported are calculated as a percentage of those responding to the specified question. And to support further analysis of response rates, replication and reanalysis, we have deposited a de-identified open access version of the response data in a public archive.2
Trends in the survey responses are grouped in four areas:
Diversity is the primary feature of NSDA members' approaches to and requirements for access. Member organizations are providing very different degrees of access to their holdings, managing everything from currently inaccessible dark archives to various modes of offline and online access, as well as support for high performance computing usage. Access ranged from very low to very high availability, and can be described using five categories: dark archives, offline availability, nearline availability, online availability, and high-performance availability.
The responses indicated that:
There is also substantial diversity in the access requirements within each organization. Member organizations frequently provide different levels of access for different collections they hold. For example, an organization may need to provide high availability for some collections and low availability for other collections. Among the five categories of access requirements bulleted in the above list:
Additionally, many members have different storage systems for preservation and access. A majority of the organizations are providing separate systems for preservation and access. Indeed, 65% of the organizations reported using separate systems, while only 35% reported using the same system for both preservation and access.
General conversation about "the cloud" in information technology tends to focus on third-party cloud storage providers. Adoption of these cloud storage services remains relatively small. However, when we consider cloud storage alongside several related ways of distributing and using storage as a service, some interesting trends emerge. The answers illuminate both the widespread acceptance of some digital preservation storage practices and the continuing uncertainty regarding others. For example, there is broad acceptance of the importance of geographic redundancy in maintaining preservation copies of content. A majority of members are currently keeping all or some of their preservation copies in multiple geographic locations. This geographic redundancy of digital content signals a success in establishing baseline best practices for preservation storage.
Similarly, participation in distributed or collective preservation systems is gaining in popularity, with half the respondents participating in or planning on joining such a system. Lastly, usage of third-party and cloud-based storage systems is still a disquieting idea. Many members are exploring this option, but functionality challenges, issues of trustworthiness, and uncertainty over sustainability are limiting widespread adoption.
Cooperatives, Contracting Out, and Cloud Storage
Members were asked if they were currently using, planning to use, exploring the possibility of using, or not considering using a distributed storage cooperative, a contracted provider of storage, or other third party cloud storage providers. The chart below reports the members' responses.
Among the membership there is an implied trend toward participating in distributed storage cooperatives. There is also a substantive interest in cloud storage illustrated by the 20 members currently exploring or planning on incorporating cloud storage systems.
Distributed Storage Cooperatives or Systems
Of those using or exploring distributed and cooperative systems, 67% are using or exploring some type of LOCKSS system (LOCKSS was used by 81% of respondents reporting they used a distributed/cooperative system). The trustworthiness of distributed digital preservation cooperatives appears to be gaining acceptance.
Contracting Out Storage Services
Third-Party Cloud Storage Service Providers
Control and the Cloud
The survey revealed the tension between using third-party systems and a preference to host, maintain, and control preservation storage by the organizations themselves. Nearly 50% of respondents are using, planning on using, or considering contractor services or third-party cloud storage. At the same time, 74% of the members agreed or strongly agreed that they had a strong preference for maintaining and controlling their preservation storage systems. The most-cited reasons for this preference were costs, trustworthiness, legal mandate, and security and risk management.
One survey question offers insight into this seeming contradiction. The question asked members to rank the significance of specific preservation storage system features (with 1 being least significant and 7 being most significant). The chart below shows the results. The highlighted cells indicate 10 or more responses. The sum for each function was calculated by multiplying the number of responses by the priority and then adding the totals.
Table 1: Priorities for Functionality in New Storage Systems Sorted by Sum of Priority Scores
There is strong demand for features that contractor and third-party cloud services are not yet widely satisfying: primarily built-in fixity checking, automated tasks, and migration services; and secondarily, block-level access. There is not as strong an interest by the preservation community in the block-level access feature as in the larger cloud community. Instead, the NDSA member organizations represent a group looking for a degree of granularity of control over their data that is not widely shared by organizations that do not have a preservation focus. This is also reflected by the higher participation in distributed cooperative systems. Vendor and cloud-based systems are playing a significant role in preservation, but a dearth of functionality and the uncertainties inherent in relinquishing control are likely limiting their widespread use.
Taking this information about desired functionality into account, these results suggest that views of control are being expressed in different ways. While to some, control may mean block-level access to content, this level of control was far and away the least requested feature. In contrast, to the digital preservation community of the NDSA, built-in functions like fixity checking and automated inventory, retrieval and management services express a different sense of control. Built-in functionality provides an organization with preservation information that gives assurance over the integrity of their content. However, it does so by actually reducing the direct control individuals in the organization can exert on digital objects. In this sense, control may be conditionally defined according to specific preservation activity or whether that activity is occurring locally or in "the cloud." Here the survey results open up more questions than they answer about exactly what kinds of control member organizations want to be able to exercise. The combined desire for control over storage coupled with a desire for additional automated functionality suggests that desires for control are not manifesting themselves in strong desires for block-level control.
Digital objects pose difficulties to ensuring their ongoing authenticity and stability. Files can become corrupted by use, bits can rot even when unused, and during transfer the parts essential to an object's operability can be lost. At the most basic level, digital preservation requires us to be confident that the objects we are working with are the same as they were prior to our interaction with them.
To deal with this problem, those in the digital preservation field often talk about the fixity of digital objects. Fixity, in this sense, is the property of being constant, steady, and stable. Content stewards can check their digital objects to make sure that they maintain these qualities. Fixity checking is the process of verifying that a digital object has not been altered or corrupted. In practice, this is most often accomplished by computing and comparing cryptographic hashes (these are sometimes loosely referred to as "checksums").
NDSA Members' Approaches to Fixity Checking
One key theme that emerged from the survey was the prevalence of fixity checking as a performance requirement and the challenges imposed on storage systems by this activity.
Eighty-eight percent of the responding members are doing some form of fixity checking on content they are preserving. This widespread use of fixity checking illustrates the recognition that validation of the integrity and consistency of the objects we are preserving is a critical component in digital preservation workflows.
With that said, NDSA members are taking distinctly different approaches to checking the fixity of their content. The differences are most likely due to a variety of complicated issues including the scalability of fixity-checking software, network limitations and data transfer costs, transaction volume and access requirements, and other contextual factors around the availability and management of specific sets of content. Amongst survey respondents, fixity checking occurs as follows, with some members maintaining multiple practices:
Most respondents reported using multiple practices.
While fixity checking itself is widespread, NDSA members also take various approaches to scheduling these checks. Some are randomly sampled and others use a fixed schedule for checking. Twenty-four of the responding organizations use a fixed schedule for at least part of their content.
The Future of Fixity
NDSA Infrastructure working group members have frequently noted that the state of the art in fixity checking involves distributed fixity checking and frequent, robust repair to intentional or unintentional corruption. This is done by replacing corrupted data with the distributed, replicated, and verified data held at "mirroring" partner repositories in multi-institutional, collaborative distributed networks. The consortia groups MetaArchive and Data-PASS use LOCKSS for this kind of distributed fixity checking and repair. These consortia and a number of others are also using or testing the SafeArchive tool, developed by NDSA members, which provides an automated collection-fixity and replication-policy auditing on top of distributed storage networks such as LOCKSS.4 As well, some individual institutions use a self-maintained distributed repository system that allows them to replace damaged content with a verified, uncorrupted copy; or are investigating services such as DuraCloud5 that provide at least some fixity checking services.
As previously mentioned, one of the key interests of this NDSA working group was the potential role for cloud storage systems in digital preservation storage architectures. For those using cloud storage systems, complying with fixity requirements can prove problematic. As David Rosenthal has suggested in 20116, cloud services at the time were not able to prove that they are not simply replaying fixity information created and stored at the time of deposit. Rosenthal highlighted the need for cloud services to provide a tool or service to verify that the systems hold the content rather than simply caching the fixity metadata. Without that kind of assurance, it can be prohibitively expensive to run any kind of frequent fixity checks on content in various cloud storage platforms.
Built-in functionality like automated fixity checking and repair was highlighted as the most desired feature in future preservation storage systems. This desire, along with the challenges of system-type dependencies and diversity of uniform current practices in fixity checking procedures, show the complex interplay between access, performance, preservation requirements, storage infrastructure, and institutional resources. As practices such as fixity checking become ubiquitous and new options like distributed storage gain further acceptance, the hardware underpinning these requirements will be called upon to meet new demands. Our hope is that preservation stewards navigating these decisions will benefit from the knowledge and experience of other NDSA members as they encounter similar complexities and devise new solutions.
There are a number of survey questions which did not fit thematically in early sections but will be of interest to both content users and service providers specifically storage media currently being used by survey respondents, how many preservation copies of digital assets institutions are keeping, and the number of members that have documented requirements for storage systems.
Number of Copies, Storage Media, and Documented Requirements
The chart below shows the number or preservation copies institutions are keeping, with 45% keeping three or more copies of their digital assets. (See Appendix 2 for a distribution by organization type.)
Figure 3 shows the media being used by members for preservation storage. Some members use multiple kinds of media.
The question "Does your organization have specific documented requirements for your storage systems" elicited a wide range of responses to the different types of requirements. Forty-nine of the 58 organizations that responded to the survey reported currently having some form of requirements, or planning to develop requirements in the next year.
Within this subset of respondents, the specific requirements varied:
For the 18% claiming "other documented requirements," the additional document requirements were most often client-specific or content-specific.
Storage Usage and Expectations
One fundamental consideration when planning digital preservation infrastructure needs is the amount of storage space required. The survey queried participants both on the amount of storage space they were currently using for all copies of their digital content and the amount they expect to need three years from now.
Table 2: Storage Use and Expectations
Charting out these numbers shows the expected growth of storage needs in the next three years, especially in the upper ranges of storage amount. The chart shows many of the member organizations moving out of the less than ten terabytes category and moving into the bigger brackets. Notably, the 1000+ TB (1+ PB) category is likely to see the largest increase, almost doubling from 5 members to 9.
When averaged out between the two questions, the disparity in the amount of storage used in 2011 and expected to be needed in 2014 becomes even more apparent. The 2011 usage averaged out to 492 TB per institution whereas anticipated need in three years more than doubled, averaging out to 1107 TB per institution.
Predicting Future Storage Needs
A number of the survey questions asked members to estimate other aspects of digital preservation storage needs three years in the future. While cost modeling for digital preservation has been getting increased research scrutiny lately,7 the Storage Survey polled members on issues of strategic planning and administration of infrastructure including expectations on technology changes, available resources, organizational plans, and audit and certification as a trustworthy repository.
The speed of technological change and its impact on digital preservation is nowhere more evident than in the fact that 64% of respondents agree or strongly agree that their organization plans to make significant changes in technologies in their preservation storage architecture within the next three years. At the same time, survey participants remained confident of their ability to meet these challenges, with 83% agreeing or strongly agreeing their institution will have adequate resources to meet projected preservation storage requirements over the next three years.
Table 3: Future Storage Needs
As is evident in the table, the statistics on adequate resources expectations and proper organizational planning are very similar. The positivity reflected in these numbers is a good sign for the future of digital preservation. Another positive result revolved around expectations for meeting the requirements for the recently approved ISO Standard 16363, or related Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification.8 The fact that 60% of the survey respondents plan on complying with the rigorous TRAC standards within three years signals an increased acknowledgement of the importance of these requirements in certifying digital preservation repository standards.
Survey respondents did not shrink from the challenges of meeting the requirements, current and future, of digital preservation storage. The survey revealed an inherent optimism in addressing future digital preservation storage infrastructure issues even as anticipated storage needs rise dramatically and technology changes often. The results also revealed the complexity of digital preservation storage planning, especially given the large number of preservation copies being maintained, diversity of media used, and access requirements documented. The survey results communicated that organizations committed to the long-term preservation of digital materials share concerns and needs across industries. These needs are similar but not identical to those of organizations whose mission does not include providing long-term access to data.
The NDSA plans to reissue the survey on a periodic basis, to track the trends and requirements of the membership and provide useful information to others in the community as well as service providers. Feedback from the members will be incorporated to enhance the survey questions. For example, one question not included in the survey, but that will be considered for future storage surveys, is inquiring if institutions are planning on maintaining the same number of file copies into the future or whether redundancy policies are flexible in response to infrastructure limitations or forecasting. As the size of each digital item increases, and as size-intensive formats like audio and video become a larger percentage of preserved collections, keeping multiple copies will have an increased impact on storage capacity needs. Other potential areas of investigation for a future survey could revolve around the roles that formats, compression, and means of access play in determining storage infrastructure.
As institutions plan for their future storage needs, the knowledge sharing and collaboration activities of the NDSA will offer guidance as they make digital preservation infrastructure decisions.
The authors would like to thank the members of the NDSA Infrastructure Working Group.
1 For descriptions of these networks see:
2 Altman, Micah; Bailey, Jefferson; Cariani, Karen; Gallinger, Michelle; Owens, Trevor (2012), "Data for NDSA Storage Report 2011 ", http://hdl.handle.net/1902.1/19768 V1.
3 This refers to local direct use of tamper-resistant mechanisms. Indirect use is higher as reported above, 25 organizations (43%) participate in a distributed storage cooperative, and over 80% of these cooperatives (34% of the total number of respondents) use tamper resistant fixity-check mechanisms.
4 Altman, M., & Crabtree, J. (2011). Using the SafeArchive System: TRAC-Based Auditing of LOCKSS. Archiving 2011 (pp. 165170). Society for Imaging Science and Technology.
5 See DuraCloud Health Checkup.
6 Rosenthal, David S. H., LOCKSS In The Cloud, presented at "Make It Work: Improvisations on the Stewardship of Digital Information", Joint NDSA NDIIPP partners meeting, July 19-21 2011. Washington, DC.
7 Three recent recourses for cost modeling digital preservation of interest are:
8 Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification (TRAC) Criteria and Checklist, Center for Research Libraries & Online Computer Library Center, 2007.
The NDSA storage survey was conducted between August 2011 and November 2011. Responses were received from 58 of the 74 members who stated that they were actively involved in preserving digital content at the time. There were a total of 98 members of NDSA during that period.
The Infrastructure working group of the National Digital Stewardship Alliance is working to better understand how member organizations are approaching storage for their preservation systems. As part of this effort, we are asking each NDSA member institution to respond to this 22-question survey. For institutions where preservation and access are coupled at the storage level, the following questions should be answered for the entire system. For institutions that have separate archival storage, the questions should be answered for the archival storage only.
1. My organization's storage system uses the following storage media for preservation storage. (Check all that apply.)
___ Spinning disk Locally or network attached storage (NAS)
___ Spinning Disk Storage Area Network (SAN)
___ Magnetic tape
___ Other (specify)
2. In general, how many preservation copies of the digital assets are you keeping?
1 2 3 4 5 < 6
3. Approximately, how many terabytes of storage space do you require for all copies of your content that you manage?
4. Approximately, how many terabytes of storage space do you anticipate needing for all copies of your content that you manage in three years?
5. Is your organization keeping copies of digital assets in geographically distinct places to protect from regional geographic disasters? (Check all that apply.)
___ Yes, we manage our own copies in one or more geographically distinct offsite locations
___ Yes, we keep additional copies of our materials in a distributed collaborative partnership
___ Yes, we keep one or more additional copies of our materials managed by another institution or commercial provider
___ In some cases, decided on collection basis
___ No, we would like to but we do not have the resources
___ No, we do not and this is not something we are pursuing
6. When does your organization check the fixity of the content you are preserving?
___ We do fixity checks before and after transactions like ingest
___ We do fixity checks on all content we are preserving at fixed intervals
___ We randomly sample content and check for fixity
___ We store fixity information in an independent system
___ We use a tamper-resistant fixity check mechanism (E.g. LOCKSS, ACE)
___ We do not do fixity checks on our content
If your organization performs fixity checks on content you are preserving at fixed intervals, how frequently (in months) do you perform those checks? (i.e., if you perform them monthly, enter 1; if every nine months, enter 9; if annually, enter 12). _____
7. Does your organization have specific performance requirements for your storage system or systems? (Check any and all that apply.)
___ We have documented general performance requirements
___ We have documented performance requirements for ingest
___ We have documented performance requirements for migration to new technology or other one-time intensive operations.
___ We have documented functional requirements
___ We have documented security requirements
___ We plan to develop requirements within one year
___ We have other documented requirements (Specify)
8. What are your requirements for access to the content you store? (If you have different requirements for different collections please check each option that applies to one of your collections.)
___ Eventual availability only (dark archive/disaster recovery)
___ Off-line availability ( e.g. able to retrieve on request w/in 2 business days)
___ Near-line availability ( e.g. able to retrieve on request w/in 3 hours)
___ On-line availability (e.g. instant online access for "moderate" number of simultaneous users)
___ High-performance availability ( access to large number of simultaneous users/or for HPC)
9. Does your organization use separate storage systems for access-only and preservation-only services?
___ Yes
___ No
10. Which services does your organization currently provide for files in your preservation storage? (Check all that apply.)
___ Secure storage with backup and recovery procedures in place
___ Periodic fixity checking
___ Version control
___ Format normalization, format migration, or platform emulation
11. Do you provide different services for different "collections" under preservation storage?
12. If you do provide different services for different collections please describe them below.
13. How significant are each of the following general features of preservation systems for meeting your organizations objectives? (1 being insignificant, 5 being most significant.)
___ More storage
___ Block level access to storage (not just file level)
___ Higher performance processing capacity (to do processing like indexing on content)
___ More built-in functions (like fixity checking)
___ More automated inventory, retrieval and management services
___ More security for the content
___ File format migration
14. My organization has a plan to meet our preservation storage requirements over the next three years.
___ Strongly disagree
___ Disagree
___ Neutral
___ Agree
___ Strongly agree
___ Not Applicable
15. In general, how long (in years) is your organization responsible for preserving content? (Enter 999 if your organization has explicit or implicit indefinite responsibility.)
16. I expect my organization will have adequate resources to meet projected preservation storage requirements over the next three years.
17. My organization plans to make significant changes in technologies in its preservation storage architecture within the next three years.
18. My organization intends to meet requirements for a trustworthy digital repository according to TRAC or the planned ISO standard 16363 within the next three years.
19. Is your organization participating in a distributed storage cooperative or system (e.g. LOCKSSAlliance, MetaArchive, Data-PASS)?
___ Yes, my organization currently participates in distributed storage cooperative or system.
___ No, but my organization is planning to participate in a distributed storage cooperative or system.
___ No, but my organization is currently exploring participating in a distributed storage cooperative or system.
___ No, my organization is not considering participating in a distributed storage cooperative or system.
___ No, and my organization is uninterested in participating in a distributed storage cooperative or system.
If you are using, considering or exploring participating in a distributed storage cooperative please list specific cooperative you are participating in, considering or exploring.
20. Is your organization contracting out storage services to be managed by another organization or company?
___ Yes, my organization currently contracts out storage services which are managed by another organization.
___ No, but my organization is planning to contract out storage services which are managed by another organization.
___ No, but my organization is currently exploring contracting out storage services which are managed by another organization.
___ No, my organization is not considering contracting out storage services which are managed by another organization.
___ No, and my organization is uninterested in considering contracting out storage services which are managed by another organization.
If your organization is considering, exploring or currently contracting out storage services to be managed by another organization or company please list specific services you are using, considering or exploring.
21. Is your organization using third-party cloud storage service providers (e.g. Amazon, Rackspace, Azure, DuraCloud, etc.) for keeping one or more copies of its content?
___ Yes, my organization currently using third-party cloud storage service providers for keeping one or more copies of its content.
___ No, but my organization is planning to use third-party cloud storage service providers for keeping one or more copies of its content.
___ No, but my organization is currently exploring using third-party cloud storage service providers for keeping one or more copies of its content.
___ No, my organization is not considering using third-party cloud storage service providers for keeping one or more copies of its content.
___ No, and my organization is uninterested in using third-party cloud storage service providers for keeping one or more copies of its content.
If you are using, considering or exploring third-party cloud storage service providers (E.g. Amazon, Rackspace, Azure, DuraCloud, etc) for keeping one or more copies of its content please list specific services you are using, considering or exploring.
22. My organization has a strong preference to host, maintain, and control its own technical infrastructure for preservation storage.
If your organization does have a strong preference to host and control its own technical infrastructure for preservation storage why does it have this preference?
This glossary lists how terms are used in this document.
Access Storage: Storage designed to contain and serve content to users through common protocols such as the web. Often, this is assumed to be available on a public website (or one accessible to a large group of users such as all students and faculty of a university).
Block-level Access: Reading and writing to disks at the physical level. Only system engineers use block-level access to specify or identify exactly where data are stored, generally for performance reasons.
Dark Archive: Storage designed to be inaccessible (except for authorized storage system managers).
Fixity: The property of being constant, steady, and stable.
Fixity checking: The process of verifying that a digital object has not been altered or corrupted
High-performance availability: It includes access to large numbers of simultaneous users or for high performance computing.
Nearline Storage: Storage generally designed to provide retrieval performance between online and offline storage. Typically, nearline storage is designed in a way that file retrieval is not instantaneous but is available to the user in the same session.
Offline Storage: Storage recorded on detachable media, not under the control of a processing unit (such as a computer).
Online Storage: Storage attached under the control of a processing unit (such as a computer) designed to make data accessible close to instantaneously.
Preservation Storage: Storage designed to contain and manage digital content for long-term use.
The height of each colored bar represents the number of respondents from each organizational role that indicated they kept that specific number of copies. The width of the bars represents the proportion of each group of total respondents.
Micah Altman is Director of Research and Head/Scientist, Program on Information Science for the MIT Libraries, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Altman is also a Non-Resident Senior Fellow at The Brookings Institution. Prior to arriving at MIT, he served at Harvard University for fifteen years as the Associate Director of the Harvard-MIT Data Center, Archival Director of the Henry A. Murray Archive, and Senior Research Scientist in the Institute for Quantitative Social Sciences. Dr. Altman conducts research in social science, information science and research methods focusing on the intersections of information, technology, privacy, and politics; and on the dissemination, preservation, reliability and governance of scientific knowledge.
Jefferson Bailey is Strategic Initiatives Manager at Metropolitan New York Library Council. He previously worked in the Office of Strategic Initiatives at the Library of Congress in the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) and Digital Preservation Outreach and Education (DPOE) program. He has managed digital projects at Brooklyn Public Library and the Frick Art Reference Library and has done archival work at NARA and NASA.
Karen Cariani is the Director of the WGBH Media Library and Archives. Karen has worked at WGBH since 1984 in television production and archival-related roles. She has 20 plus years of production and project management experience, having worked on numerous award-winning historical documentaries including MacArthur, Rock and Roll, The Kennedys, Nixon, and War and Peace in the Nuclear Age. She also worked with the WNET, PBS, NYU and WGBH Preserving Public Television partnership as part of the Library of Congress National Digital Information Infrastructure Preservation Project. She served two terms (2001-2005) on the Board of Directors of the Association of Moving Image Archivists (AMIA). She was co-chair of the AMIA Local Television Task Force, and Project Director of the guidebook "Local Television: A Guide To Saving Our Heritage," funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission. She is currently co-chair of the LOC National Digital Stewardship Alliance Infrastructure Working Group.
Michelle Gallinger is Digital Programs Coordinator for the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program at the Library of Congress. Gallinger works to develop the digital preservation community, including the planning and execution of various international Aligning National Approaches to Digital Preservation activities. Gallinger develops policies and guidelines for digital preservation practices, life cycle management of digital materials, and stakeholder engagement at the Library of Congress. She also provides strategic planning for the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program, a collaborative project that supports a network of partners exploring the capture, preservation and provision of access to a rich variety of digital information. Gallinger developed the initial strategy for, and supported the creation, definition, and launch, of the National Digital Stewardship Alliance in 2010 and is currently the NDSA facilitator. Before joining the Library of Congress, Gallinger developed the Colonial Williamsburg Rockefeller Library digitization and digital stewardship practices and worked at the University of Virginia E-Text Center.
Jane Mandelbaum is currently Manager of Special Projects in the Office of the Director for Information Technology Services at the Library of Congress (LC). She is currently leading and guiding enterprise-wide projects and architecture initiatives for large-scale high-performance digital storage and archiving. She previously served as IT implementation and operations manager for a number of large IT systems at LC, and led a team to establish and operate the Library's end-user computing environment.
Trevor Owens is a Digital Archivist with the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) in the Office of Strategic Initiatives at the Library of Congress. At the Library of Congress, he works on the open source Viewshare cultural heritage collection visualization tool, as a member of the communications team, and as the co-chair for the National Digital Stewardship Alliance's Infrastructure Working Group. Before joining the Library of Congress he was the community lead for the Zotero project at the Center for History and New Media and before that managed outreach for the Games, Learning, and Society Conference.
Copyright © 2013 Micah Altman, Jefferson Bailey, Karen Cariani, Michelle Gallinger, Jane Mandelbaum, and Trevor Owens


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Cyan Anarkali Cotton Block Print Wrap Dress
No reviews
- Free shipping in India
- Low stock - 1 item left
- Inventory on the way
- Standard Shipping within India | Delivery within 7-10 business days
- Shipping Internationally | Delivery within 12-14 business days. In some cases, customs clearance might take longer. Duties & Taxes are additional (can be up to 30% or more of order value) and need to be paid to the shipping company at the time of delivery.
- Free shipping on domestic orders above INR 1999
- You will receive an email / SMS after dispatch with tracking details
- For more information visit our Shipping & Payment Policy.
- Arbudaa Product is eligible for exchange for size-related issues, within 7 days of delivery if the original packaging and tags are intact & the product is not used or washed. However, Design Partner brands are not eligible for any exchanges.
- Footwear sought to be exchanged, should be unused. Footwear worn for trials must be tried on a carpeted surface as worn soles will not be accepted for exchange.
- Home category products are not eligible for returns or exchange unless the product delivered has a quality/manufacturing defect OR has been delivered broken. Please photograph the defect as soon as you open the packaging.
- Products purchased during the sale period / discounted pricing, are not eligible for returns or exchange.
- Accessories and Jewellery are not eligible for returns or exchange.
- Customized products or special bulk orders are not eligible for returns or exchanges.
- International orders are not eligible for returns or exchanges.
- Gifts purchased online are not eligible for exchange/refund/return.
Exchange Policy
If your purchase meets the exchange criteria above, please contact our customer care team within 7 days of delivery via any of the following channels:
- Call at +91-7976743609 / 8+91-890513111, Monday – Saturday 9.30 AM to 5.30 PM IST
- Email at email@example.com
- For Damage/quality issues, please provide the order number, date of transaction, delivery address, and image of the defective item along with the packaging it was received in.
- In case of a garment size exchange, please additionally mention the purchased size, the problem faced with the size, and the new size requirement.
Our customer care team will investigate and revert within 2 working days. Upon receipt of communication from our customer care team, please follow the below steps:
In case of quality issues/defects:
- Please pack the product in its original packaging along with the invoice, labels, tags, authenticity cards, bags, boxes, hangers, and/or any other inclusions sold as a part of the purchase.
- We will organize a reverse pick-up from the address stated in your invoice
- Upon receipt of the product at our warehouse, it will be subject to quality inspection and if it passes the inspection, a fresh piece will be dispatched to reach you within standard shipping timelines.
- In the rare occurrence that a replacement piece is not available, a Credit note will be issued for the full amount for the damaged product.
- Our credit notes can be used on our website and in stores.
In case of size exchange of garments:
- Please pack the product in its original packaging along with the invoice, labels, tags, authenticity cards, bags, boxes, hangers, and/or any other inclusions sold as a part of the purchase.
- Please send the product back to us at the below address, carefully packaged.
Address: Arbudaa Home, Gulab Bagh Road, near ice factory, inside Udiapole, Udaipur (raj) 313001
- Upon receipt of the product at our warehouse, it will be subject to a quality inspection. If it passes the inspection and once we have received payment for shipping charges of the new piece, a fresh piece will be dispatched to reach you within standard shipping timelines.
- In the rare occurrence that a replacement piece is not available, a Credit note will be issued for the amount after deduction of the initial shipping charges.
- Our credit notes can be used on our website and in stores.
- We offer size exchange only for the same style of clothing purchased.
- We are unable to entertain requests to replace garments with a different style even if the price is the same.
- Please note that size exchanges will not be applicable for purchases made during a sale/discount period or on customized orders.
- Please note that size exchanges will not be applicable to Design partner Brands.
Refund Policy - If your purchase meets the eligibility criteria stated above, we will happily exchange and offer a fresh piece.
- In the rare instance, we are unable to do so, we issue and email a credit note to the registered email address or the e-mail address used while making the purchase.
- The credit note will be valid for six (6) months from the date of issue and can be redeemed both online and at any of our stores pan India.
General Terms & Conditions - We do not support cancellation after the order is placed.
- Products purchased during the sale period/discounts are not eligible for return or exchange.
- Products purchased prior to the sale cannot be exchanged during the sale period.
- Products bought online cannot be exchanged or returned in stores and vice versa.
- No refunds are entertained if the customer has provided the wrong or incomplete shipping address.
- No refunds are entertained if there are 3 failed delivery attempts by our shipping agency and/or if the package is refused by the recipient.
- No refunds are entertained for international shipments if the recipient refuses to pay the Duty as mandated by the respective country of shipment and does not collect the order from the Shipping agency.
- Please ensure that the delivery received is in good condition and has not been tampered with before you sign off acceptance.
- In case of a damaged package, please retain the original packaging (along with price tags, invoices, labels, etc.) until our team reviews it. Additionally, please ensure to write "Received Damaged "on the delivery receipt when accepting and signing off with the courier partner.
- For sale-related policies, please refer to our Sale T&Cs
Disclaimer: All policies are subject to change without prior notice. In case of any conflict Terms & Conditions Policy would prevail.
Looking for the perfect summer dress? Check out the Anarkali wrap up dress — a truly timeless piece to add to your wardrobe. This block printed cotton dress is perfect for any occasion. It features a long A-line skirt with flared bottoms and a half-length kalidaar cut top for an elegant silhouette. Plus, it's comfortable and breathable fabric makes it ideal for warmer days. With its timeless design and versatile style, you'll never have to worry about finding the perfect thing to wear.
Wash care -
- This garment is pre-washed prior to dispatch
- Dry clean or gentle cycle machine wash
- Wash in cold water using a mild detergent
- Do not soak, wring, or tumble dry
- Dry in shade. Use a warm iron


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2021 – SORC – Sandhills Open Road Challenge poster proofs
Below are the proofs that I created for the BBORR awards screen saver. They are NOT the final files. I will be emailing all the racers who paid me proofs in the next couple of days.
(Scroll way down and mouseover and click on one) are low res Proofs of all posters that I have created so far. I can edit the text or photo as needed for your final hi-res file. Please email me email@example.com or call me and I will show you what I have.
If you don't see your car or your information is NOT correct, that is because you may NOT have talked to me about purchasing a print? I only double check and proof the car and information once an order is placed. Please email or call me and I can find your car and correct any information if you are purchasing a print.
Here's a link to place an order.
FYI – if you placed? I can replace the Speed/time with the 1st, 2nd or 3rd Place text if you want.


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Multi-level Redundant Big Data E-commerce Infrastructure
We take big data analytics for e-commerce seriously. SLI Systems' reputation of high performance and proven uptime is backed by redundant servers in eleven data centers around the world. This level of reliability makes SLI the perfect fit for large, high-traffic sites.
Serious Scalability
To ensure unparalleled speed and reliability we leverage a content delivery network (CDN). A CDN delivers content assets such as thumbnails and larger images to accelerate their delivery to end-users (read: your shoppers). Say goodbye to slow database queries and connections and hello to an extraordinary buyer experience.
Security You Can Count On
Each SLI server is equipped with the latest security management and anti-virus software to ensure the most secure environment for our hosted services.
Advanced Monitoring
We've got you covered. In order to maintain the highest quality search experience for site visitors, we constantly monitor thousands of system metrics. This way, if something goes wrong, it will typically be caught and fixed before there is any impact on your search.
All system maintenance, big data analytics, and software updates happen automatically with no hands-on involvement from your team. With built-in redundancy in our system architecture, your customers will never experience a system outage due to maintenance or code changes.
"SLI delivers the flexibility and scalability we need. They always respond and we haven't issued them a challenge they haven't met yet." Keli Keach, E-commerce Manager, NRS


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The Sunday Hug Triple-layered Baby Sleep Sack will keep your baby warm even during the coldest nights. Carefully crafted and made from 60% bamboo and 40% cotton fabric, our premium Sleep Sack keeps your baby warm and cozy in both indoors and outdoors setting. Due to the excellent weave and craftsmanship of these baby clothes, these can be used for years without having any issues!
1) Cold Season Usage
2) Perfect Size for Older and Bigger Babies
3) Tags Outside
4) Non-toxic products
Orders are shipped on the next business day. It may take a few days to be shipped out if your order is placed after national holidays or on Fridays. Please note that Sunday Hug operates based on KST, UTC+9.
Once your order is dispatched, you will receive a confirmation email with a tracking number. You can check the status of delivery using the tracking number on the website of the delivery courier below.DHL Express
We ship orders through DHL Express and other couriers depending on the size and weight of your order and the country to which it is being delivered. Delivery typically takes 2 to 5 business days, but there can be unexpected delays due to weather conditions or the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Orders shipped outside of Korea may be subject to import taxes, customs duties and fees levied by the destination country. Additional charges for customs clearance must be fulfilled by the recipient; Sunday Hug has no control over these charges, nor can Sunday Hug predict what they may be.
Customs policies vary widely by country; please contact your local customs office for more information. Customs clearance procedures can cause delays beyond our original delivery estimates.
Our primary courier DHL cannot deliver to P.O. boxes or APO/FPO addresses.
Excellent fabric craftsmanship due to bamboo and cotton blend. Promotes healthy sleeping habit as baby grows. Provides protection from cold without the stuffy feeling.
Absolutely recommend this product, but unfortunately they are sold out, could not purchase more.
I was so excited when I know about Sunday Hug. Purchased with high hope that this product would help for my son 4 month old sleep. Shipping is fast, color is ok. The mesh material is thin, get damaged, bursted after a first wash. 😫The swaddle was shrink a little bit after the first watch so I recommend you size up if you are in between. I do not think it is worth it for the price.
I love the idea of mesh clothing, i live in florida and it get SO HOT. I wish there was mesh pants to keep the heat at bay and also the bugs. I will say the sizing is very small. i ordered the Largest size and it barley fit my 6 month old. I was hoping to get matching outfits for my 6mo and 2 year old.
I love this swaddle for my newborn. I think the way they designed it is awesome because my baby already keeps his arms up and hands by his head. So for him to be snuggled in place and not have to flail his hands in his face is great.
Absolutely love this blanket for my little one! The color is gorgeous and it's so soft!!
The fabric is so soft and side zipper makes easy to change diapers without take off. So satisfying!
Sleep Sack
I like Sunday Hug products. My baby got autumn clothes this time.~ The material is good and I think it will be comfortable to wear.~
I bought the beige color and it's so pretty but it's a bit disappointing because it's quite small.
Cute!~~ I really love the color.^^ My baby didn't try it yet because she's not yet born. It's small and so pretty.~ ❤


text:
Have a look at the revisions of https://stackoverflow.com/revisions/1230618/list, in particular the formatting-related edit I made (edit 2). The formatted text contains spurious newlines and indentation errors (not to speak of the randomly inserted HTML escape sequence). Even deleting the newlines and re-inserting them didn't help.
Minimal example that still exhibits the buggy behaviour:
something foobar<T>
Source (displays exactly right):
1. Item
Another example, from an old posting of mine that worked before, but is now broken: Coalescing regular expressions in PHP
Notice how the posting's source code ends on "<strong&
". Unfortunately, I can't reproduce this bug here since the code looks fine in preview (click "edit" to look at it there); only the normal display is wrong, suggesting that the server-side Markdown processor has an additional bug.


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Roots Organics CocoPalms Loose Coir
Roots Organics CocoPalms Loose Coir
Roots Organics Cocopalms is the result of years of research into what makes the best coco growing medias.
Roots Organics Cocopalms has a near perfect natural pH level (5.2 to 6.3) for optimum nutrient uptake and has a superb air-to-water ratio making it an ideal material to use as an amendment, mulch, incorporate into the perfect hydro media or plant straight into it for the right applications. Roots Organics Cocopalms is made from coconut husk, a more environmentally friendly material compared to peat which is mined from sensitive bogs. Aurora has specially designed Cocopalms with a natural buffer to make it more user friendly when used straight or in higher percentages of a media as an amendment. Deliberately enhanced ratios of fiber to dust calculated specifically as the ultimate growing media for vigorous plants.
Ingredients: Naturally buffered, washed and composted coconut husk.


text:
Eagle Junk Car Removal
We Buy Eagle Cars For Cash
If you are interested in selling your old junk Eagle, we are the best source to get cash for junk cars. Whether it is just rotting away on your property or needs all sorts of major repairs, we will buy it and we will offer you cash on the spot.
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Our years of experience along with our access to thousands of Tow Operators across the nation, mean that we know what parts are more in demand than others. Our network of junk car buyers across the United States are always willing to buy the vehicles they need for parts that their customers are willing to buy from them.
We make it as easy as possible to sell your junk car to us and walk away with a pocket full of money. We use our simple "1-2-3" process:
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No hassles with useless tax deductions that no longer work since the IRS changed the federal laws. It is now a STANDARD $500 deduction no matter what your vehicle is worth! Most people don't even realize that if you don't ITEMIZE deductions on your tax return, you can't even use the deduction!
Contact JunkAClunker.com today to receive a GUARANTEED Cash Quote with FREE TOWING! We buy ANY vehicle, in ANY condition, ANYWHERE…


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Unfortunately we are not always able to recognize you again after (re)installing an app or clockface, so our system will think you are a new customer when that happens, and will ask you to pay again.
Luckily you can unlock your clockface again for free here.
Just enter the code it is showing you and the e-mail address you used for the original purchase and you will be up and running again in no time.
We do not send you a purchase code in your email, and you do not need a code to switch to another clockface.
Instead, you first install the new clockface or app you want and then wait for it to ask you to pay again.
As soon as that happens you can unlock it again for free by going to https://kzl.io/unlock using the code it shows you on the watch at that moment.
If for some reason it does not ask you to pay again, that isn't a problem and you can just use the clockface as is, the functionality is exactly the same before and after unlocking.
These messages are shown because you are using a paid app or clockface of which the trial has expired.
If you do not want to pay for the app or clockface, remove the app, or install another clockface from the appstore, and the messages will automatically stop.
All clockfaces and apps clearly mention in their description if they are paid or not, so it should not be hard to find a free one instead.
All the apps and clockfaces sold with KiezelPay are one time payments for a lifetime license.
However, it can happen that we aren't able to recognize you again after you remove and reinstall an app or clockface, our system will then think you're a new customer and it will ask for payment again.
When that happens you can unlock it again for free by going to https://kzl.io/unlock
Each code is valid for one hour. This probably means your code is expired.
For now the solution is to make the clockface restart, which will force a new code to be loaded and displayed.
We have made a special page where you can lookup your complete purchase history here.
After your purchase, we sent you an e-mail containing more information about what you purchased.
If you purchased a bundle, the e-mail contain a link to a page that shows all clockfaces/apps in the bundle with a download button next to each one of them.
Use that download button to go to the appstore and install the clockface/app on your watch.
If you cannot find the e-mail anymore, you can perform a lookup of all your purchases at https://kiezelpay.com/lookup
Note: These download links only work if you use them on the phone or tablet on which you have installed the Fitbit, Connect IQ (Garmin) or Pebble app!
If the download button does not take you to the appstore, this probably means the developer has not correctly configured the appstore link in his account. You can contact the developer and ask him/her to fix this, or you can use the search functionality in the appstore to find the app/clockface instead.
If you also cannot find the purchase success e-mail in your spam folder, you can lookup your complete purchase history here.
This can have a few causes. It is possible you made a typo in your e-mail address when you purchased the app, so now our system cannot find your license.
Another possibility is that you are trying to unlock another clockface/app than the one you actually purchased.
Please double check that the name of the clockface/app you are trying to unlock is exactly the same as the name in the purchase success mail you got after purchasing (some names are confusingly similar unfortunately).
If you are very sure you have the correct app, please contact the KiezelPay helpdesk using the contact form at the bottom of the FAQ page with the following information:
- send the PayPal InvoiceID, you can find that on the PayPal receipt you got after purchasing, it starts with REF.
- If you paid with creditcard instead, send the first 6 and last 4 digits of your creditcard number (do not send the complete number!).
This will allow them to find your purchase and check why the unlock is not working.
Please also send along the purchase code it tells you to enter. This allows them to double check which app is asking for payment.
The clockface/app will automatically show you the code when the trial ends, at that time you can use that code to purchase it at https://kzl.io/code or unlock it at https://kzl.io/unlock if you already paid for it before.
Until that happens you don't have to do anything.
Send a message to Fancy Designs, creator of Space cat


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Read the original article at Consulting essentials: Getting the business
Over the years, a lot of people have approached me asking how to become a tech consultant. What do I need to do to get started? How can I take my first step?
I also hear from managers and CEOs that have asked how I got my start, and how I keep the business running. What lessons from consulting can be applied to startups and small businesses? Having worked independently for many years I've built up my own cache of strategies and methods which I hope can be helpful to anyone looking to strike it out on their own.
This is the first of a series of three articles on consulting essentials. Part two covers …
[Read more]


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About the Game
Developer: Massive Entertainment
Editor: Ubisoft
Genre: Action
Seven months have passed since a deadly virus hit New York City and the rest of the world, crippling the population. When the virus hit, The Division, a unit of civilian sleeper agents, was activated as the last line of defense. Since then, Division agents have been fighting relentlessly to save what remains.
For The Division, the stakes are higher than ever. Washington, D.C. – the most heavily protected city on earth – is at risk, leaving the entire nation on the brink of collapse. If Washington, D.C., is lost, then the nation falls. As a Division agent who has been in the field for seven months, you and your team are the last hope to stop the fall of society after the pandemic collapse.
Developed by Ubisoft Massive and the same teams that brought you Tom Clancy's The Division®, Tom Clancy's The Division® 2 is an online open world, action shooter RPG experience set in a collapsing and fractured Washington, D.C. This rich new setting combines a wide variety of beautiful, iconic, and realistic environments where the player will experience the series' trademark for authenticity in world building, rich RPG systems, and fast-paced action like never before. Play solo or co-op with a team of up to four players to complete a wide range of activities, from the main campaign and adversarial PvP matches to the Dark Zone – where anything can happen.
In the wake of the virus, storms, flooding, and subsequent chaos have radically transformed Washington, D.C. Explore a living open world full of diverse environments, from flooded urban areas to historic sites and landmarks, during one of the hottest summers in history. The streets have been overrun with enemy factions, each with its own agenda and each vying for control of DC. It will be up to you to liberate the city and protect what remains of society.
Tom Clancy's The Division 2 was built with an "endgame-first" mentality, ensuring players always have access to fresh, unique, and diverse activities long after completing the main campaign. Tom Clancy's The Division 2's endgame will introduce brand new challenges and progression systems, unique twists and surprises, and for the first time, raids. Players will also be able to access a wealth of post-launch content, including a full year of free additional story-driven missions, map expansions, and gameplay modes.
After completing the main campaign, gain access to new specializations such as demolitionist, sharpshooter, and survivalist. Each specialization will open up an entire new progression system with new skills, mods, and unique talents to acquire and maximize your agent efficiency in your chosen role.
Civilians and enemy factions are constantly striving to survive, vying for necessities such as food, medicine, and ammunition. As the factions face off against each other in a ravaged DC, they will fight to seize control of resources and locations – and for their very survival. The various needs and motivations from each faction will collide, triggering different encounters between enemy and friendly factions, civilians, and ultimately you as an Agent, creating a dynamic living world full of surprises.
Civilians have banded together in settlements to rebuild their society, but their very existence is threatened. Work closely with them to keep them safe and in turn, they will come to your aid and provide supplies and assistance to build up your base of operations, giving a deeper meaning to the people and the world around you.
The Dark Zone is an untamed area of the map with some of the best loot in the game. The Dark Zone is also the most dangerous area in the game, where fear, betrayal, and tension are high, as any other agent can turn against you and steal your hard-earned loot. In Tom Clancy's The Division 2, this playground was designed to provide a fair and exciting experience to all players, regardless of their level of progression.


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Have you considered sponsoring Naptime Review but was unsure?
Check out the FREE 2 week trial ad as well as the VIP spot.
VIP's get a whole month of hosting free!!!
Just want to host a week or 2?
and we can get you scheduled.
Love to have you on my sidebar.
While you are there check out my new lower priced packages.
Click here to get started!
1. Please FOLLOW each hostess (They are 1-4 in the link up)
2. Leave a comment if you are new and want us to return the follow.
3. Grab the button and display it on your sidebar or link it to the post.
©2012- 2013 Adventures with Jude. All rights reserved. All text, photographs, artwork, and other content may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the written consent of the author. http://adventureswithjude.com


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What would you do in order to improve the performance of your business? Would you invest all of your personal savings? Would you be willing to take out a massive loan?
Well, what if you could enhance brand recognition, improve customer feedback and increase sales without spending an arm and a leg? By simply taking advantage of the quirks of human psychology, such results are possible. The infographic below shows that by spending a bit more time on the colors used to market your brand, both you and your business can reap huge rewards. Continue reading


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FOND DU LAC, Wis. (Feb. 12, 2021) — Mercury Marine®, a division of Brunswick Corporation (NYSE: BC), today introduced the next generation of its Digital Throttle & Shift (DTS) system with integrated, intuitive and intelligent technology that enhances the boating experience.
The Next Gen DTS system comes with all the best attributes of the successful DTS system that Mercury launched in 2004, including smooth and ultra‑responsive throttle performance with zero hesitation and full integration with SmartCraft® digital technologies. Representing a major step in the product's evolution, the Next Gen DTS system brings together an enhanced operating system, improved ergonomic designs for the electronic remote controls (ERC) and additional user‑friendly features.
The new system is replacing the former control system for use with all DTS‑compatible Mercury sterndrive, inboard, diesel and outboard engines. The Verado® engine family, including the all‑new V12 600hp Verado outboard, comes standard with Next Gen DTS controls.
"When we were creating the Next Gen Digital Throttle & Shift system, we aimed to improve the boating experience with an intuitive design and simpler access to the features boaters use most often," said Tyler Mehrl, category manager for steering and controls at Mercury.
Included among the enhancements, Active Trim activation and adjustment buttons are now integrated on the Next Gen DTS control base, eliminating the need for an additional control panel on the dash. Active Trim automatically and continuously adjusts engine trim based on changes in GPS speed to improve performance, fuel economy and ease of operation.
Next Gen DTS leverages a robust operating system that not only supports basic functions but also has been upgraded to intelligently and automatically enhance throttle control for connected SmartCraft systems such as Joystick Piloting and Skyhook®.
The new ERC lineup offers solutions for boat‑engine configurations ranging from one to six Mercury engines. For single-engine configurations, there are panel- and console‑mount controls. For multi‑engine configurations, boaters can choose the standard dual‑handle console‑mount controls or the Premier dual‑handle model, which includes an innovative digital display integrated into the control base. The display provides a broad variety of context‑sensitive information to help the boater stay fully connected with the propulsion system through all phases of boat operation.
Each control has the same sleek, chrome-on-black aesthetics and dynamic styling that are consistent with the current "Mercury DNA" overseen by Todd Dannenberg, Mercury director of industrial design.
"The ergonomics provide a very natural connection that invites the boater to push the throttle and feel the engine's power. Plus, there are intuitive new features that improve the user experience, which we derived through intensive usability testing," Dannenberg said.
Additional features include a green neutral indicator light on the throttle handle(s) that quickly confirms gear position, a convenient throttle-only feature for starting and warming the engine(s), a large start/stop button and an oversized trim switch. Multi-engine controls have a start/stop-all button for all engines and buttons for starting and stopping individual engines, as well as the ability to trim all or individual engines.
Single-engine controls are available with a Quick Steer button on boats that have the Mercury Single Outboard Electric Steering system installed. Quick Steer — an industry‑first technology — enhances steering control for low‑speed, close‑quarters maneuvering. This setting provides full turning capacity for the boat with only a quarter-turn of the steering wheel to the left or right. The enhanced steering authority eases the process of docking and maneuvering in tight spaces.
"We incorporated an incredible range of features designed to improve the experience of operating single- and multi‑engine boats," said Mehrl. "The intuitive design means there's very little learning curve to be able to enjoy a huge performance advantage."
To learn more, see an authorized Mercury Marine dealer or view the product brochure. [Product Brochure link]


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Lime used a third-party ETL pipeline ("extract, transform, load") to export Stripe data to Snowflake and noticed that the data provided by the ETL pipeline wasn't always matching up with Stripe's data. A data engineer would have to dive into the cause of each discrepancy, eating up to two hours of their time for each inconsistent transaction. Since Lime was using a third-party ETL, they could not fix the root cause of these discrepancies and realised that they needed a more reliable solution to stream Stripe data to Snowflake.
Lime chose to adopt Stripe Data Pipeline, which automatically sends the complete Stripe data set to its Snowflake Data Cloud on an ongoing basis. By adopting Stripe Data Pipeline, the company saved weeks of engineering time as it did not have to build and maintain an API for every single Stripe data set. Out of the box, Lime was able to access its current Stripe data directly in Snowflake.
Since implementing Stripe Data Pipeline, Lime has been able to automate and speed up its financial reporting. Engineers no longer need to look into data discrepancies as all transaction data matches up with their reports, allowing the team to focus on product initiatives and speed up product velocity.
"The data quality and data freshness of Stripe Data Pipeline are a welcome departure from third-party ETL pipeline vendors," says Nabil Barakati, Software Engineer at Lime. "Data imported through Stripe Data Pipeline always matches our reports exactly. Where it would take three days to get transaction data via an ETL pipeline, it only takes one day with Stripe Data Pipeline."
Lime is also benefiting from richer business reports with access to the complete Stripe data set. Lime's finance team can now track refunds in near–real time, which allows them to confidently report on the company's latest cash status. Lime's fraud team is creating improved fraud models, as they can now merge fraud signals from Stripe's risk scores per transaction with their proprietary fraud data.
Stripe offers the most granular transaction data and the data quality is above anything we've seen from other payment service providers. We're thrilled that we can now access accurate and complete Stripe data directly in our data warehouse, without having to lean on a third-party ETL pipeline.


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March 1, 1999
CP&DR Staff, Legal Digest, Vol. 14 No. 03 Mar 1999
Claims that Sacramento County violated the California Environmental Quality Act while approving a commercial development have been dismissed by the Third District Court of Appeal because the project opponent did not submit a written request for a hearing within 90 days of filing a lawsuit. The attorney for opponent Forster-Gill, Inc., argued that a telephone call to the court clerk within the 90-day period was adequate, but the appellate court disagreed, ruling that the law "plainly contemplates a written request that can be, and is, filed with the court."
A state appellate court has upheld the California Coastal Commission's denial of a development permit for a small mixed-use project in Morro Bay. The court rejected developer Dan Reddell's arguments that the commission violated his due process and equal protection rights, and that its decision was a regulatory taking of property. Instead, the Second District Court of Appeal ruled that substantial evidence supported the commission's finding that Reddell's project was inconsistent with Morro Bay's local coastal plan (LCP).
A state appellate court has thrown out an Inyo County general plan amendment that the county argued was nothing more than a clarification of a longstanding policy.A unanimous three-judge panel of the Fourth District Court of Appeal, Division Two, concluded that the amendment was more than a mere clarification and that the county should have completed an environmental impact report before approving the amendment.
A City of West Hollywood moratorium on new multi-family housing development has been declared invalid by the Second District Court of Appeal. The court ruled that the city had not made required findings for the moratorium.
The Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals has set back a plan to develop the country's largest solid waste landfill near Joshua Tree National Park. The court ruled that the environmental analysis for the project was inadequate and that the Bureau of Land Management undervalued land it would provide to the landfill developer.
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January 2012 – IK Multimedia is proud to introduce iRig™ STOMP, the first stompbox guitar interface for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad. For the first time, guitar and bass players can now integrate their favorite iOS signal processing apps into their existing live pedalboard setup for enhanced tone shaping and effects processing.
iRig Stomp is based on the wildly popular AmpliTube iRig interface and is compatible with any iOS guitar/amp/instrument app. With its compact, standard stompbox shape, iRig STOMP is packed with many smart features found here for the first time in an iOS audio accessory.
- Compact, durable yet lightweight, aluminum-cast enclosure integrates easily into any traditional pedalboard.
- Can be used inline with other effects pedals, or directly connected to amplifiers or PA systems using regular ¼" guitar cables with no need for adapters.
- Allows precise adjustment of the signal for perfect guitar and bass levels with its large input gain knob.
- Active battery-powered output circuit improves headroom, especially when used with high-gain amplifiers in the AmpliTube app reducing feedback and crosstalk when recording.
- The bypass switch allows engaging or bypassing the AmpliTube app chain of effects – like a traditional stompbox – for seamless integration into any existing rig.
- Ultra-compact form-factor can be easily carried on the road.
- Features a 3.5mm/1/8" jack for silent practicing with headphones.
- Includes AmpliTube FREE app and can be used with any other guitar processing app that uses the iOS mini-jack
Pricing and availability
iRig STOMP costs only $59.99/€44.99 (excl. tax) and will be available in early Q2 2012 from electronic and music retailers around the world.
For more information:


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