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EPA recently settled with the county of San Bernardino, Calif., for $11 million that will be used for cleanup and enforcement activities at the Newmark Groundwater Contamination Superfund site, officials announced on Nov. 11.
The county operated the Cajon Landfill from 1963 to 1980, where the landfill accepted residential, commercial, demolition and agricultural wastes. Sampling results found impacts to groundwater down-gradient of the landfill, leading EPA to conclude that the landfill had contributed to the regional groundwater contamination. The settlement resolves the county's potential liability at the Newmark site, although the county does not admit any liability in the settlement.
"This settlement will support EPA's ongoing efforts to clean up contamination to the San Bernardino regional groundwater and to recover the costs spent at the Newmark site," said Keith Takata, EPA's Superfund director for the Pacific Southwest region. "We appreciate the county's efforts to work constructively with all the parties to clean up the contaminated groundwater."
Previously, EPA funded all of the cleanup work at the site until the first consent decree was reached in 2004. The U.S. Army agreed to pay the city of San Bernardino $69 million toward the operation and maintenance of the interim cleanup. Under the first consent decree, the city of San Bernardino is operating and maintaining EPA's groundwater extraction and treatment systems at the Newmark Groundwater Contamination Superfund site.
More than 25 percent of the municipal water supply for the city of San Bernardino's 175,000 residents has been affected by contamination.
The Newmark Groundwater Contamination site covers a portion of a groundwater aquifer used as a public water supply source for the city of San Bernardino and surrounding municipalities. Groundwater contamination was not discovered until 1980, when a new water supply monitoring program found contaminants including chlorinated solvents, tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) in several local water supply wells.
For more information on the Newmark Groundwater Contamination site, visit http://www.epa.gov/region09/cleanup/california.html
This free educational webinar will provide a detailed process for climate-driven "pre-response" in a variety of key areas including: Supply Chain Disruptions, Employee Safety and Productivity, Regulatory and Compliance Risks …and many more areas.


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Now that Christmas is in the books, it's time to look ahead to the new year.
With that comes another party to ring in 2020.
With less than a week to plan, we went to the couple who calls themselves "America's cheapest family" for tips on how you can save.
Steve and Annette Economides say alcohol is a big place to save.
"One of the things you can do to save money on your holiday parties is to either to not have alcoholic beverages at all, but I don't know if that would tick off your guests — it depends on who your guests are, or limit your alcoholic consumption to beer or wine," Annette says.
"Or make a punch and just kind of skimp on the alcohol, but put some in," Steve adds.
If you're planning on having food, have guests bring some. Don't put all of the stress of feeding everyone on yourself.
Another money savings outlet, Money Talks News, says don't forget about dollar stores.
It says those are great places to get cheap decorations, along with plates and glasses.

subset: commoncrawl


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Coronary Arterial Disease
Coronary Arterial Disease or CAD is the most common type of heart disease, the leading cause of heart attack and claimed an estimated one life every minute in 2009.
The coronary arteries are the main blood vessels that supply the heart with blood, nutrients and oxygen. When they become damaged or diseased, usually due to a buildup of plaque, the result is coronary arterial disease. This buildup can narrow your coronary arteries over time, causing the heart to receive less blood and can eventually lead to causing chest pain (angina), shortness of breath or other uncomfortable symptoms.
A complete blockage, caused either by accumulated plaques or a ruptured plaque, can result in heart attack (an injury to the heart muscle that results from a loss of blood supply). Since coronary arterial disease can often take decades to develop, it can go virtually unnoticed until it produces a heart attack.
Uncontrolled risk factors
- Age: As we get older, our risk for heart disease naturally increases.
- Gender: Men do generally develop heart disease at a younger age than women and are diagnosed more often. Women, however, account for more than 50% of deaths related to heart disease. One reason is that since women typically develop heart disease at an older age, other health conditions like osteoporosis or Alzheimer's mask the signs and symptoms of heart disease.
- Heredity: If your father or brother suffered a heart attack before the age of 55 or your mother or sister before the age of 65, you are at a slightly elevated risk for heart disease.
- If you are suffering already from a non-preventable heart condition or sickle cell anemia, your risk is increased.
Controlled risk factors
Manageable health conditions must be kept under control. Any one of these factors can increase your risk for heart disease. The more factors that apply to you, the more your risk increases!
- High blood pressure
- Abnormal cholesterol
- High triglycerides
- Diabetes
- Smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke
- Obesity
- Poor diet
- Physical inactivity
- Stress
Preventing CAD
According to the American Heart Association, ideal cardiovascular health is based on seven simple factors:
- Being a nonsmoker
- Having a weight in the normal range
- Participating in physical activity
- Eating a healthy diet
- Having good cholesterol levels
- Having normal blood pressure and fasting glucose levels
- Being free of heart and blood vessel disease


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Born To Golf Forced To Work Golf Polo Shirt GM0107
Born To Golf Forced To Work Golf Polo Shirt GM0107
* If you want to personalize your products with your name, team name, logo, new design, or whatever you want. Don't worry, contact us via chat or email firstname.lastname@example.com, we will support all your requests.
Style, Comfort, and Personalization: Elevate Your Golf Experience
LIGHTWEIGHT- Our golf shirt is crafted from lightweight 100% Polyester fabric, ensuring a comfortable and unrestricted golf experience.
QUICK DRY- The quick-dry technology in our shirt efficiently wicks away moisture, keeping you dry and comfortable throughout your golf sessions.
BREATHABLE- Experience superior breathability with our shirt's fabric, allowing for optimal airflow and ventilation to keep you cool and fresh.
EASY CARE- Our golf shirt is designed for easy care and maintenance, making it simple to clean and keep it looking its best with minimal effort.
ALL-OVER PRINT- Make your golf shirt truly one-of-a-kind by customizing it with our all-over print personalization option. Add your own designs, images, or logos to create a unique look that reflects your style and personality.
SIZE S-5XL- We offer a wide range of sizes, from Small to 5XL, ensuring that every bowler can find the perfect fit for enhanced comfort and confidence on the lanes.
If something you've bought is faulty, we can help you get a refund or replacement.
In case you need any information or support, please feel free to contact us via email@example.com or live chat at lasfour.net
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👉 David Wilson (US): "Shipping was faster than I thought it would be... Great shirts and the other bowlers were getting the Lasfour website from me to order shirts."


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THE MOB "Let The Tribe Increase" LP
THE MOB "Let The Tribe Increase" LP
Essential UK Anarcho-Punk reissue!!
LP on black vinyl in gatefold sleeve with bonus tracks.
Euro Import.
In many ways The Mob were the archetypal anarcho punk band. Formed in Yeovil, Somerset in 1979 the band soon spent their time permanently on the road in a convoy of trucks before squatting in Brougham Road, Hackney – a street of houses that accommodated many punk and counter-culture types. Until their demise in 1983 they remained an integral part and a huge influence on the anarcho, traveller and free festival scenes.
Their first release was the 1980 Crying Again single on their own All The Madmen label, followed later that year by the Ching cassette. 1981 saw another single the hugely popular and haunting Witch Hunt soon followed by their now legendary Crass single No Doves Fly Here, both taking anarcho punk into new musically unchartered waters.
1983 saw the release of their now legendary album Let The Tribe Increase, an album that saw them moving away from the constraints of the punk sound as they continued to push the musical boundaries. This trend continued in their epic single The Mirror Breaks.
The Mob's invlovement with the counterculture saw them playing gigs with archetypal hippies Here & Now and Androids of Mu as well as being actively involved in the Persons Unknown and Centro Iberico anarchist centres and the Black Sheep Housing Co-operative.
Eventually The Mob dissolved with Joseph Porter joining Zounds before founding Blyth Power.
Let The Tribe Increase includes the full album, both tracks from the Mirror Breaks 7" and a previously unheard demo version of Stay, all professionally remastered. Packaged in a gatefold sleeve it contains a band history and the events that surrounded the recording of the album by Kill Your Pet Puppy fanzine editor Alistair Livingston.
Track Listing:
Another Day, Another Death/ Cry Of A Morning/ Dance On (You Fool)/ Prison/ Slayed/ Our Life Our World/ Gates Of Hell/ I Wish/ Never Understood/ Roger/ Witch Hunt/ Stay (demo)/ The Mirror Breaks/ Stay


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Non Pro Rata Distribution Loans For Trusts and Estates
Commercial Loan Corporation is one of California's leading providers of loans to trusts and estates. Our specialized mortgage infuses a trust or estate with cash so that a non pro rata distribution can be made. A non pro rata distribution occurs when each heir or beneficiary receives an equal proportion of the entire estate or trust distribution but not of each asset. When a trust or estate does not hold sufficient cash assets, our loan provides the trust or estate with the cash needed to equalize the distribution or payout of the estate. This allows one of the beneficiaries or heirs to keep an inherited home and take advantage of the Proposition 58 tax benefit; which allows the California Proposition 13 protected low tax base from their parent to be transferred to the child who is inheriting the home.
On average our Non Pro Rata Trust Distribution and Probate Estate Distribution Loans save clients over $6,200 per year in property taxes. Our process is quick and easy. In fact we can often times complete a non pro rata loan in as little as 7 business days. Our loan is made directly to the trust.
If you, a family member or a client that you represent requires a California Proposition 58 Non Pro Rate Distribution Loan, please call us at 877-464-1066. Even if you are attempting to distribute and irrevocable trust, we have loan programs that can assist you. We can answer any questions you have on our non pro rate distribution loans and provide you with a free cost benefit analysis to see if one of our trust and estate loans makes sense for you.


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Lakewood Party Planning
Party Planning > Lakewood |
Party Planners |
Planning a party in Lakewood, CA? Our Lakewood party planning page provides some information regarding event rentals, event services, venue locations, food services, etc. At Magic Jump Rentals, we strive to make your party planning process as easy and convenient as possible. Below you will find some suggestions and information for planning an event in Lakewood, California. Visit our Partnership page to add your company/service to our Lakewood, CA party planning page. |
Lakewood Party Rentals |
Back to Top |
Lakewood Parks & Facilities - Website |
Inflatable Rental Process 1) Acquire a permit 2) Contact Us to rent an inflatable and a generator 3) Fill out Additional Insurance Request (if necessary) and email to Magic Jump Rentals. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com |
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Lakewood DJ ServiceDJ Eddie Entertainment - 818-518-8887 |
Lakewood Live EntertainmentThe Fun Factory - 888-501-4FUN Cartoon Slinger - 562-688-0007 By Karina - 818-985-5593 |
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Lakewood Party Planners(coming soon) |
Lakewood Food Catering(coming soon) |
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Lakewood Event Venues(coming soon) |
Lakewood Petting Zoo |
Disclaimer :: Magic Jump Rentals does not endorse any featured company or its practices, actions, service or product. Magic Jump Rentals refers companies on its "Party Planning" pages solely for the convenience of its customers per request. Magic Jump Rentals is not in favor of either one company over another. Referals are simply provided for the purpose of facilitating our customers' party-planning experience. |


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At Lake Hickory Veterinary Hospital in Granite Falls, NC we believe that regular checkups and wellness exams are critical to your pet's well-being. These wellness exams give us a chance to evaluate the overall health of your pet while also giving us a baseline for their own unique bodies and tendencies.
Not only do these exams keep us up-to-date with your pet's health, they also allow us to detect potential problems before they become serious. Your pet will be thoroughly examined by a veterinarian and this checkup gives us vital information to help keep your pet healthy.
Regular wellness exams also make your pet more familiar with our veterinary hospital, which makes future visits easier on them and you. Please contact us today if you have any questions or would like to learn more about how we care for your pet.


text: The best writing Pen the galaxy has to offer is now at the tip of your Lightsaber. Emperor approved and droid tested. These pens are composed of interchangeable pieces that can adjust to your own designs. The parts are easy to change and work only with the coordinating Pen. I think I spent about two hours playing with the C3PO Pen and forgot I was supposed to write a letter to my probation officer... oh well. They are twist-end, ball point Pens with a super cushioned grip. You can write a few books with each or sketch us some cool new alien life forms. We hear the Empire is on the lookout for these collector Pens and we've gotta keep them on the run. We're offering them for a short while until they're onto us. From there, we take off to fulfill our destiny: playing with Pens.


text: Enjoy these fun rolling trays by Dunkees which are made from durable tin construction and are easily cleaned. Dunkees rolling trays are designed with curved interior edges that help secure your rolling area for preparing your favourite legal herbs or concentrates. Each tray is decorated with an original illustration by Artist Daniel Militonian (Dunkees). Dunkees Tray Features: Size 13″ x 9″,Original Dunkees Artwork, Easy to Clean, Curved Edges and High Sides, Illustration by Artist Daniel Militonian, Made of Durable Tin


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Junior Hoops of America is the premier source for competitive youth basketball information created to inform, inspire, promote and empower the local youth basketball community.
Our integrated online multi-media platform serves as a resource center connecting the community of fans, players, coaches, schools, tournament directors, league operators, camps, academies, club teams, trainers and all other programs and organizations dedicated to the development of the local area's competitive youth basketball community.
We deploy a strong network of relationships in the corporate, professional sports, collegiate, high school, junior high school and grassroots basketball communities in order to make a positive difference in the lives of both the youth in our community and those who want to help them succeed.


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Intel 3rd Gen Xeon Scalable (Ice Lake SP) Review: Generationally Big, Competitively Small
by Andrei Frumusanu on April 6, 2021 11:00 AM EST- Posted in
- Servers
- CPUs
- Intel
- Xeon
- Enterprise
- Xeon Scalable
- Ice Lake-SP
Section by Ian Cutress
The launch of Intel's Ice Lake Xeon Scalable processors has been in the wings for a number of years. The delays to Intel's 10nm manufacturing process have given a number of setbacks to all of Intel's proposed 10nm product lines, especially the high performance Xeon family: trying to craft 660 mm2 of silicon on a process is difficult at the best of times. But Intel has 10nm in a place where it is economically viable to start retailing large Xeon processors, and the official launch today of Intel's 3rd Generation Xeon Scalable is on the back of over 200,000+ units shipped to major customers to date. The new flagship, the Xeon Platinum 8380, has 40 cores, offers PCIe 4.0, and takes advantage of the IPC gain in Intel's Sunny Cove processor core. We're testing it against the best in the market.
Intel's 3rd Generation Xeon Scalable: 10nm Goes Enterprise
Today Intel is launching the full stack of processors under the 3rd Generation Xeon Scalable Ice Lake branding, built upon its 10nm process. These processors, up to 40 cores per socket, are designed solely for single socket and dual socket systems, competing in a market with other x86 and Arm options available. With this new generation, Intel's offering is aimed to be two-fold: first, the generational uplift compared to 2nd Gen, but also the narrative around selling a solution rather than simply selling a processor.
Intel's messaging with its new Ice Lake Xeon Scalable (ICX or ICL-SP) steers away from simple single core or multicore performance, and instead is that the unique feature set, such as AVX-512, DLBoost, cryptography acceleration, and security, along with appropriate software optimizations or paired with specialist Intel family products, such as Optane DC Persistent Memory, Agilex FPGAs/SmartNICs, or 800-series Ethernet, offer better performance and better metrics for those actually buying the systems. This angle, Intel believes, puts it in a better position than its competitors that only offer a limited subset of these features, or lack the infrastructure to unite these products under a single easy-to-use brand.
An Wafer of 40-core Ice Lake Xeon 10nm Processors
Nonetheless, the launch of a new generation of products and an expanded portfolio warrants the product to actually be put under test for its raw base performance claims. This generation of Xeon Scalable, Intel's first on 10nm, uses a newer architecture Sunny Cove core. Benefits of this core, as explained by Intel, start with an extra 20% raw performance increase, enabled through a much wider core with an improved front end and a more execution resources. Outside of the core, memory bandwidth is improved both by increasing memory channels from six to eight, but also new memory prefetch techniques and optimizations that increases bandwidth up to 100% with another +25% efficiency. The mesh interconnect between the cores also uses updated algorithms to feed IO to and from the cores, and Intel is promoting better power management through independent power management agents inside each IP block.
On top of this, Intel is layering on accelerative features, stating that over the raw performance, software optimized for these accelerators will see a better-than-generational uplift. This starts with the basic core layout, especially as it pertains to SIMD commands such as SSSE, AVX, AVX2, and AVX-512: Intel is enabling better cryptography support across its ISA, enabling AES, SHA, GFNI, and other instructions to run simultaneously across all vector instruction sets. AVX-512 has improved frequencies during more complex bit operations for ICX with smarter mapping between instructions and power draw, offering an extra 10% frequency for all 256-bit instructions. On top of this is Intel's Speed Select Technologies, such as Performance Profile, Base Frequency improvements, Turbo Frequency improvements, and Core Power assistance to ensure peak per-core performance or quality of service during a heavily utilized system depending on customer requirements. Other new features include Software Guard Extensions, enabling enclave sizes up to 512 GB per socket with select models.
Ice Lake's Sunny Cove Core: Part 2
The Sunny Cove core has actually already been in the market. Intel has made a consumer variant of the core and a server variant of the core. Ice Lake Xeon has the server variant, with bigger caches and slightly different optimization points, but it's the consumer variant that we have seen and tested in laptop form. Sunny Cove is part of Intel's Ice Lake notebook processor portfolio, which we reviewed the performance back on August 1st 2019, which 614 days ago. That length of time between enabling a core for notebooks and enabling the same core (with upgrades for servers) on enterprise is almost unheard of, but indicative of Intel's troubles in manufacturing.
Nonetheless, in our notebook testing of the Ice Lake core, we saw a raw +17-18% performance over the previous generation, however this was at the expense of 15-20% in frequency. Where the product truly excelled was in memory limited scenarios, where a new memory controller provided better-than-generational uplift. When it comes to this generation of Xeon Scalable processors with the new core, as you see in the review, in non-accelerated workloads we get very much a similar story. That being said, consumer hardware is very often TDP limited, especially laptops! With the new Ice Lake Xeon platform, Intel is boosting the peak TDP from 205 W to 270 W, which also gives additional performance advantages.
The Headline Act: Intel's Xeon Platinum 8380
The head prefect of Intel's new processor lineup is the Platinum 8380 - a full fat 40 core behemoth. If we put it side by side with the previous generation processors, there some key specifications to note.
Intel Xeon Comparison: 3rd Gen vs 2nd Gen Peak vs Peak |
Xeon Platinum 8380 |
AnandTech | Xeon Platinum 8280 |
40 / 80 | Cores / Threads | 28 / 56 |
2900 / 3400 / 3000 | Base / ST / MT Freq | 2700 / 4000 / 3300 |
50 MB + 60 MB | L2 + L3 Cache | 28 MB + 38.5 MB |
PCIe 4.0 x64 | PCIe | PCIe 3.0 x48 |
8 x DDR4-3200 | DRAM Support | 6 x DDR4-2933 |
4 TB | DRAM Capacity | 1 TB |
200-series | Optane | 100-series |
4 TB Optane + 2 TB DRAM |
Optane Capacity Per Socket |
512 GB | SGX Enclave | None |
1P, 2P | Socket Support | 1P, 2P, 4P, 8P |
3 x 11.2 GT/s | UPI Links | 3 x 10.4 GT/s |
$8099 | Price (1ku) | $10099* 6258R, 2P Variant is only $3950 |
Between these processors, the new flagship has a number of positives:
- +43% more cores (40 vs 28),
- nearly double the cache,
- +33% more PCIe lanes (64 vs 48),
- 2x the PCIe bandwidth (PCIe 4.0 vs PCIe 3.0)
- 4x the memory support (4 TB vs 1 TB)
- SGX Enclave support
- +7% higher socket-to-socket bandwidth
- Support for DDR4-3200 Optane DCPMM 200-series
- Price is down 20%... or up 100% if you compare to 6258R
Though we should perhaps highlight some of the negatives:
- TDP is up +32% (270 W vs 205 W)
- ST Frequency is down (3400 MHz vs 4000 MHz)
- MT Frequency is down (3000 MHz vs 3300 MHz)
If we combine the specification sheet cores and all-core (MT) frequency, Ice Lake actually has about the same efficiency here as the previous generation. Modern high-performance processors often operate well outside the peak efficiency window, however Ice Lake being at a lower frequency would usually suggest that Ice Lake is having to operate closer to the peak efficiency point to stay within a suitable socket TDP than previous generations. This is similar to what we saw in the laptop space.
Features across all Ice Lake Xeon Scalable processors
We'll dive into the different processors over on the next page, however it is worth noting some of the key features that will apply to all of Intel's new ICL-SP family. Across the ~40 new processors, including all the media focused parts, the network focused processors, and all the individual optimizations used, all of the processors will have the following:
All Ice Lake Xeons will support eight channels of DDR4-3200 at 2DPC(new info)- All Ice Lake Xeons will support 4 TB of DRAM per socket
- All Ice Lake Xeons will support SGX Enclaves (size will vary)
- All Ice Lake Xeons will support 64x PCIe 4.0 lanes
- All Ice Lake Xeons will support 2x FMA
- Platinum/Gold Xeons will support 3x UPI links at 11.2 GT/s, Silver is 2x links at 10.4 GT/s
- Platinum/Gold Xeons will support 200-series Optane DC Persistent Memory
In the past, Intel has often productized some of these features at will sell the ones that are more capable at a higher cost. This segmentation is often borne from a lack of competition in the market. This time around however, Intel has seen fit to unify some of its segmentation for consistency. The key one in my mind is memory support: at the start of the Xeon Scalable family, Intel started to charge extra for high-capacity memory models. But in light of the competition now offering 4 TB/socket at no extra cost, it would appear that Intel has decided to unify the stack with one memory support option.
Intel 3rd Generation Xeon Scalable: New Socket, New Motherboards
Ice Lake Xeons, now with eight memory channels rather than six, will require a new socket and new motherboards. Ice Lake comes with 4189 pins, and requires an LGA4189-4 'Whitley' motherboard. This is different to the LGA4189-5 'Cedar Island' in use for Cooper Lake, and the two are not interoperable, however they do share a power profile.
This actually brings us onto a point about Intel's portfolio. Technically 10nm Ice Lake is not the only member of the 3rd Gen Xeon Scalable family – Intel has seen fit to bundle both 14nm Cooper Lake and 10nm Ice Lake under the same heading. Intel is separating the two by stating that Cooper Lake is focused at several specific high volume customers looking to deploy quad-socket and eight-socket systems with specific AI workloads. By comparison, Ice Lake is for the mass market, and limited to two socket systems.
Ice Lake and Cooper Lake both have the '3' in the processor name indicating third generation. Users can tell which ones are Cooper Lake because they end in either H or HL – Ice Lake processors (as we'll see on the next page) never have H or HL. Most Cooper Lake processors are Platinum models anyway, with a few Xeon Gold. As we go through this review, we'll focus solely on Ice Lake, given that this is the platform Intel is selling to the mainstream.
This Review
In the lead up to this launch today, Intel provided us with a 2U system featuring two of the top models of Ice Lake Xeon: we have dual 40 core Xeon Platinum 8380s! At the same time, we have also spent time a dual Xeon Gold 6330 system from Supermicro, which has two 28-core processors, and acts as a good comparison to the previous generation Xeon Platinum 8280.
Our review today will cover the processor stack, our benchmarks, power analysis, memory analysis, and some initial conclusions.
169 Comments
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deil - Tuesday, April 6, 2021 - link
that's a lot of upgrade for intel -
Gomez Addams - Tuesday, April 6, 2021 - link
That is a curious-looking wafer. I thought it was fake at first but then I noticed the alignment notch. Actually, I'm still not convinced it's real because I have seen lots and lots of wafers in various stages of production and I have never seen one where partial chips go all the way out to the edges. It's a waste of time to deal with those in the steppers so no one does that. -
JCB994 - Tuesday, April 6, 2021 - link
Periphery defects? I used to deal with those...buildup of material that would breakdown during wet processing and stream particles all over the wafer. Running partials as far out as possible helped. Nowadays...do they still use big wet benches? I have been out awhile... -
Gomez Addams - Tuesday, April 6, 2021 - link
Yes, they do. That's one of the systems I spent lots of time working on. Those don't look defects to me. They are just a continuation of the chip pattern. -
FullmetalTitan - Saturday, April 24, 2021 - link
Still the most chemical efficient tools for some etch processes. It is odd to see die prints out to the edge all around, usually at least the 'corners' are inked out/not patterned by the time it hits copper layers because printing features out that far can increase the chances of film delamination, which just leads to more defectivity. I suppose on DUV tools the extra few seconds to run those shots isn't THAT bad on non-immersion layers, but it adds up over time -
Arsenica - Tuesday, April 6, 2021 - link
It isn´t real if it doesn´t have DrIan bite marks.
/jk -
ilt24 - Tuesday, April 6, 2021 - link
@Gomez Addams
I spent my entire career working in the semiconductor industry, although in IT, and I have seen many wafers from 4" to 12" and printing partial die off the edge of the wafer is quite common.
check out the pictures in these article:
Kamen Rider Blade - Tuesday, April 6, 2021 - link
So when are we going to hit 450 mm / 18" waffers?
Are we ever going to get Hexagonal Die's to maximize possible Yields?
They can already do that for simple LED's, but trying to bring Hexagonal IC Dies into existence is going to be exciting because there is a theoretical 62.5% increase in Manufactured Dies for a given Waffer Diameter and using Hexagonal IC Dies of a similar/identical area. -
ilt24 - Tuesday, April 6, 2021 - link
@Kamen Rider Blade - "So when are we going to hit 450 mm / 18" waffers?"
It seems the desire to move to EUV distracted TSMC, Samsung and Intel who are probably the only companies that were really interested in 450mm. -
saratoga4 - Tuesday, April 6, 2021 - link
>So when are we going to hit 450 mm / 18" waffers?
For logic, never since there is little to no advantage to larger wafers. Possibly NAND might use it, but we'll see if its even worth it there.
>Are we ever going to get Hexagonal Die's to maximize possible Yields?
Probably not for logic. With reticle sizes getting smaller in the coming nodes, it makes even less sense going forward then it did in the past, and it didn't make much sense then to begin with.


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Stripe House in Leiden, The Netherlands
Leiden based studio GAAGA completed the Stripe House in 2012. This compact modern home is located in Leiden, The Netherlands.
Stripe House by GAAGA:
"Stripe House is a small, mixed-use house located in the city of Leiden, The Netherlands. It takes its name from the characterizing horizontal stripes carved deep into the façade and that wrap around all three exposed elevations.
The house resides in a new urban planning area where clients can develop their own houses. It is on a corner plot adjacent to the park nearby and south-east of pedestrian streets. Despite its limited size, the plot is not entirely built on.
One quarter of the plot is reserved for a small enclosed garden, creating a soft transition from public to private space as well as a distance to neighbouring houses. Opting for a garden implied also a concentration of program on one side of the plot.
The cube-like structure encloses a stacking of three floors, all similar in size but different in program. Going upwards the functions have an increasingly private nature.
The ground floor houses the office space and the patio, the next level contains the kitchen, living and dining space, while the upper floor holds two bedrooms and a bathroom.
The large void along the north façade is the focal point in the house. It connects the two upper floors and it spatially zones the kitchen area. The enormous window at the top offers an abundance of natural light as well as an impressive and poetic sight on the Dutch sky.
Because the house is situated on a corner it has an almost all-round orientation and presence. There are not many window openings, but the ones that are present are large and oriented towards interesting views.
On the first floor the three windows together form a triptych. They show three different scenes each representing a specific side of the house: the park on the east side, the neighbouring houses on the west and the sky on the north.
The huge exterior walls are made tangible and appealing by means of horizontal grooves in the plaster. The grooves, with a total length of approximately 7000 meters, are handmade and carved into a semi-hardened plaster by using several moulds. The result is an unparalleled piece of craftsmanship.
From architectural point the horizontal grooves enhance the 'all-sidedness' of the volume, link the several facades and to enhance the perspectival effect of the cube-like shape of the project.
Another reason for making these grooves was to make the façade more tactile and refined. Initially we planned to construct the façade with the same distance between all the grooves. However later on in the design process we changed this into varying distances in order to make the façade more tactile and refined.
A funny thing now – and what we did not expect – is that a lot of people are actually touching the façade with their hands.
The Stripe house is also a very sustainable house that scores well in several energy performance and environmental index calculations and labels."


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Square, Inc. Announces $2.0 Billion Offering of Senior Notes
SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. — May 17, 2021 — Square, Inc. ("Square") (NYSE: SQ) today announced its intention to offer, subject to market conditions and other factors, approximately $2.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior notes in two series (the "Notes") in a private placement to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act") and outside the United States to non-U.S. persons pursuant to Regulation S under the Act.
The interest rate, redemption provisions, maturity date and other terms of each series of Notes will be determined by negotiations between Square and the initial purchasers.
Square intends to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, which may include potential acquisitions and strategic transactions, capital expenditures, investments and working capital.
This announcement is neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation of an offer to buy the Notes, and shall not constitute an offer, solicitation, or sale in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, or sale is unlawful. The Notes have not been, and will not be, registered under the Act or the securities laws of any other jurisdiction, and unless so registered, may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Act and applicable state laws.
About Square, Inc.
Square, Inc. (NYSE: SQ) builds tools to empower businesses and individuals to participate in the economy. Sellers use Square to reach buyers online and in person, manage their business, and access financing. Individuals use Cash App to spend, send, store, and invest money. And TIDAL is a global music and entertainment platform that expands Square's purpose of economic empowerment to artists. Square, Inc. has offices in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, Ireland, Spain, Norway, and the UK.
Media Contact
Investor Relations Contact


text: A natural color lustrous TRUE AAA QUALITY Golden South Sea Pearl Earring features two 8mm saltwater cultured pearls set in a screw post setting for safety. The Metal is 14K Yellow Gold. These pearls were recently sourced from the South Seas. The gram weight in this piece is approximately 2.07. The diamond information is quantity 2, 0.1 tdw, G color, SI1 Clarity.


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925 Sterling Silver Fashion Electroforming Dangle Earrings [ME065]
- Size: 22 x 10 mm.
- Weight: 2.00 grams.
- Metal: Sterling Silver.
- Size: 22 x 10 mm.
- Weight: 2.00 grams.
- Metal: Sterling Silver.
Earrings information | |
Metal: | 925. Sterling Silver |
Special Finish: | Electroform Silver |
Measure: | 22 x 10 mm. |
Weight: | 2.00 grams |
Special Description: Electroforming | Electroforming in layman terms simply means building up gold or silver by electro chemical deposition of a relatively thick layer of metal over a conductive or non-conductive base material like Wax or Organic Form as the base material. Electroforming is used to create hollow or light jewelry designs (gold or sterling silver) that may be impossible to create by other means due to high material cost. It allows customers to purchase larger jewelry designs for a fraction of the cost charged for regular jewelry items, as the weight is significantly reduced while the size remains. This piece of jewelry has 925 Trademark. |


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Industry Backed Legislation Directs EPA to Allow Hazardous Pesticide in Food
(Beyond Pesticides, April 29, 2013) Dow AgroSciences, one of the nation's largest pesticide makers, along with various food companies, have persuaded several members of Congress to endorse a bill that directs the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to reverse a proposed phase out of sulfuryl fluoride, a highly toxic food fumigant and potent greenhouse gas. If passed, the bill would make the U.S. one of only two western nations to allow sulfuryl fluoride on food, increase the number of American children ingesting unsafe levels of fluoride, and create a food poisoning risk for consumers who purchase food that contains permissible levels of the fumigant.
The Pest Free Food Supply Act, H.R. 1496, sponsored by Rep. Tom Graves (R-GA) and 14 others, seeks to prevent the proposed phase out of sulfuryl fluoride from taking effect. The phase out, which EPA proposed in January 2011, was prompted by a joint petition from the Fluoride Action Network (FAN), Environmental Working Group (EWG) and Beyond Pesticides.
In seeking to prevent the phase out from taking effect, the bill's sponsors have adopted Dow's widely discredited talking points on the safety and necessity of sulfuryl fluoride fumigation. The public should know:
Ӣ Of the few western nations that allow food facilities to be fumigated with sulfuryl fluoride only the U.S. and Australia allow fumigation to occur while food is still on the premises.
Ӣ EPA based the proposed phase out on its finding that many children are currently being overexposed to fluoride, and that there is no safe room for additional fluoride exposures. Under the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), the EPA cannot approve a pesticide if people are currently receiving too much of the pesticide chemical (in this case, fluoride) from other sources.
"¢ Despite claims that sulfuryl fluoride produces a "tiny" increase in fluoride exposure, the maximum permissible levels in some fumigated foods are high enough to produce acute toxic reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, and headache. A child eating a single portion of pancakes made with flour fumigated at the maximum permissible level (125 ppm F) would ingest enough fluoride to be at risk for flu-like symptoms. The risk is worse for powdered eggs, which are permitted to contain toothpaste-strength levels (900 ppm F). The FDA mandates that fluoride toothpastes warn users to immediately contact a poison control center if they accidentally swallow the paste. Unlike toothpaste, dried eggs are meant to be swallowed.
"¢ Fluoride is neurotoxic. Over 30 published studies have reported an association between fluoride and reduced IQ in children, Dow's own animal studies show that the brain is the main target for sulfuryl fluoride's effects, and fumigation workers who use sulfuryl fluoride have been found to suffer impaired cognitive function.
"¢ Sulfuryl fluoride is a potent greenhouse gas. Because of this, the Sierra Club, Center for Environmental Health, Defenders of Wildlife, and Center for Biological Diversity oppose Dow's efforts to expand sulfuryl fluoride production.
Jay Feldman, director of Beyond Pesticides, says, "Before the agricultural processing industry uses its muscles to retain the use of sulfuryl fluoride, it should carefully research what other industrialized societies are using to protect food in processing and storage facilities. Some like Canada only allow the treatment of empty facilities before the introduction of food products; others use non-toxic methods like heat, refrigeration and carbon dioxide. In the U.S., some of these treatments would require the upgrading of old leaky storage facilities. This would be a far more sensible approach not only to protect our food supply but also to protect our children from unnecessary exposure to yet another toxic substance in their early lives."
According to Sonya Lunder, Senior Analyst with EWG, "There is a growing consensus that American children are exposed to too much fluoride, in part because of the use of sulfuryl fluoride. To prevent the adverse health effects of overexposure to fluoride, EPA should finalize its proposal to phase out this pesticide and tackle the issue of fluoride in drinking water."
Paul Connett, PhD, director of FAN, notes that "fluoride is too neurotoxic to be allowed on children's food and EPA's pesticide division deserves credit for taking the correct course of action in protecting the health of infants and children, rather than the profits of Dow AgroSciences."
Sulfuryl fluoride was initially registered in 1959 to kill termites and other wood-boring pests. It gained further attention as a potential alternative to methyl bromide as broad spectrum insect fumigant in post-harvest commodity storage and food processing facilities. Alternatives for methyl bromide were needed because under the Montreal Protocol methyl bromide use was to be gradually reduced because it was a greenhouse gas. Methyl bromide was to be phased out in 2005. However, due to the "critical use exemption" (CUE) stipulation of the laws, which allows the chemical to continue to be used when there are no feasible alternatives, application rates have remained persistently high. Some environmental groups have opposed sulfurly fluoride's phase out. The Natural Resources Defense Council submitted a letter to EPA in 2011 opposing the disallowance of any sulfuryl fluoride uses that it believes will lead to prolonged or increased methyl bromide use. Beyond Pesticides and others maintain, however, that without compliance with the law and phase-out of sulfuryl fluoride, there will be no incentive for grain storage facilities to upgrade to adopt modern practices that do not rely on this hazardous chemical, practices that are regularly used in the organic industry. See Beyond Pesticides' Daily News on this issue.
Beyond Pesticides has never considered sulfuryl fluoride necessary for the safe storage and handling of our food supply and does not support an extension of the currently mandated phase out. There are many viable alternatives to sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide fumigation, including temperature manipulation (heating and cooling), atmospheric controls (low oxygen and fumigation with carbon dioxide), biological controls (pheromones, viruses and nematodes), and less toxic chemical controls (diatomaceous earth). Neither fumigant is permitted in organic food production and handling.
FAN, Beyond Pesticides and EWG will vigorously oppose efforts to overturn EPA's proposed phase-out of sulfuryl fluoride on food, and will fight to uphold the FQPA.
Source: Press release
All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.


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What the news industry is experiencing now, the music industry started dealing with 10 years ago – falling revenue and a migration to digital. Ten years on, the music industry is still coming to grips with the changes. A new force – iTunes – has emerged and with it, the iPod, the MP3 and a shift in consumption that has resulted in 95% of music downloads resulting in no payment to the creators, at least according to IFPI data.
As the news industry faces up to the digital challenge, it's worth looking at the music industry's last decade to understand what the news business has coming. Its future success will depend on:
– Its approach to the notion of 'free' content.
– Its ability to adapt not just its own process, but that of the ecosystem surrounding it.
– Its willingness to embrace new technology, to experiment and innovate and its openness to the needs of consumers.
What follows is a list of four things the news industry can learn from the music industry's last decade.
1. Rumors of your death will be greatly exaggerated
The 'death' of the music industry has been playing out now for a decade. And yet, millions of people still buy CDs. Even though they're freely available on P2P networks and cheaper in a digital format, physical CDs still matter to people. Even vinyl still matters to people. It's safe to say then, that there will be fewer newspapers sold in ten years, but there will not be none.
The music industry exists because people love music. Some businesses in that industry might be less profitable now, but people still love music as much as they ever did. The newspaper business exists because people need news. Profitability is wilting, but in a world overloaded with messaging from all manner of sources, the need for original, exclusive, highly relevant and genuinely useful content has never been greater.
Lesson: Just like people still want music, people still need news. The news industry isn't dying, but it must evolve to avoid stagnating.
2. The print industry's brand will suffer
The music industry has copped a beating over the last decade — much of it has been deserved. There are countless examples of insanely disproportionate lawsuits that have outraged reasonable music consumers. Combine this with the lingering notion that major record labels are suit-filled factories with a taste for vulnerable, indie blood and you can start to see why the music industry gets blamed for all of music's ills.
The print industry might have the same coming. Earlier this year, the Associated Press board voted to "pursue legal and legislative actions" against those using content without permission. Aggregators will be the first targets of these actions. The AP has also committed to a remarkable plan which will see it charge up to $2.50 per word for use of its articles.
Rather than embracing the notion of "do what you do best and link to the rest" and maximizing the value of the link economy, the AP appears to be choosing the litigious route. When the music industry stared down Napster and BitTorrent, it too chose the path of litigation. And while litigation effectively throttled Napster (and a number of subsequent players) it did little to slow the spread of illegal downloads and nothing to engage a generation of consumers embracing a new form of consumption.
The legality of aggregators who reprint an excerpt of text and link to it is a gray area. As the argument over the nature of copyright for print online develops, expect the boundaries of 'fair use' to be tested. If we learn from the music industry's experience, we can expect any fallout from the testing to splash on to the news industry at large.
Lesson: Learn from the mistakes that the music industry has made. The news industry's brand might suffer, but the decline in public perception can be mitigated by embracing new forms of content distribution.
3. The ecosystem is the problem
Music industry people see the digital opportunity. However, seeing an opportunity and making the most of it are two different things. One of the major issues for the music industry in the last decade has been evolving the music ecosystem away from making, selling and distributing physical CDs and towards new digital distribution models.
Artists, managers, labels, publishers, press, distributors, packagers and producers are all still to some extent entrenched in traditional ways of thinking about the music industry. Innovation has to overcome the combined inertia of all these forces to see the light of day.
The news industry will have the same problem. Anyone who makes a living off the process of supplying, writing, editing, printing and distributing printed piles of paper all over the country will have to be transformed if the news industry is to embrace the digital opportunity. Most importantly, consumers will always prefer free. Regardless of whether its music or news, it's hard to convince people to pay for something they're accustomed to getting for free.
There are plenty of smart people in the news business with smart ideas about how to evolve. News Limited's Australian CEO John Hartigan had this to say:
"How many journalists … have written a story recently that was original, exclusive, highly relevant and genuinely useful to [their] audience? … Fewer papers are being sold and in my view it's because many of them are largely boring and irrelevant to their readership. Their content is ubiquitous rather than unique."
Hartigan understands the problem and sees the opportunity to embrace new ideas. But ideas and insight aren't the issue, execution is.
Lesson: The news industry has great ideas, but execution will remain a problem until it learns to let go of old models of reporting, distribution, and consumption and evolve.
4. This is the end of one-size fits all
It used to be that music fans had one main way to consume musical products – the CD. What the music industry is now learning is that music fans come in all shapes and sizes and are willing to consume all types of musical products, from free to outrageously premium.
News () is no different. It's no longer about one paper for all people. It's about news distilled from many different sources, delivered many different ways on a range of platforms.
People have shown they will pay for premium products in specific niches. The success of publications like Monocle is testament to that. Best described as the Economist of lifestyle magazines, Monocle isn't just a magazine, but a multi-platform brand encompassing the magazine, a physical store with Monocle branded merchandise, and a web presence that publishes text, audio and video content. Consumers engaging with Monocle can buy the magazine in stores, they can access content for free online, they can pay to engage online more deeply or they can go to a Monocle store and buy Monocle products.
The news industry is going to have to develop a similar model that matches multiple products, at multiple price points, through the right channels to the right consumer. This is starting to happen, but there's a long way to travel before people understand that a stand-alone, general news website isn't a sustainable business model.
Lesson: Independent music artists have found a way to make money by developing new, innovative value-add models — the news industry must follow suit.
A decade ago, the record industry was blindsided by the shift to digital. Analyzing the impact of that change is a worthwhile exercise for anyone with a stake in the future of news. Where do you think the news industry should be heading? Leave your thoughts in the comments.


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Park Information
A red mill set on the blue waters of Huzzah Creek is as pretty a picture as there is in Missouri, and that's the setting for Dillard Mill State Historic Site. The site interprets one of the state's best-preserved gristmills, completed in 1908. Most of the machinery in the mill is still intact and original to the building. If you like the outdoors, the site's location on Huzzah Creek in the Ozarks provides plenty of opportunities to fish, hike, picnic or just dream about the past.


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CHANDOLA ARCHITECTS is a RUDRAPUR based complete Design Organisation having professional practice in ARCHITECTURE AND INTERIOR DESIGNING and offering Project Management Consultancy Services. The Firm is proficiently equipped to handle jobs of various types and magnitude. Its activities cover Architectural and Interior Design Projects of Residential and Commercial Complexes, Corporate Offices, Institutional Projects, Hospital Projects, Health Club, Parks etc.
We are prominent architect and Interior Designer from Rudrapur (Uttarakhand) and work from our Offices at Rudrapur and Branch Office at Dehradoon. We handle variety of works big and small jobs with his personal touch. We have in-house 3D Computer Aided Design and allied computer oriented facilities. We handle Total Design Services for Architectural and Interior Design, M & E including associated services and Project Management as per clients requirements and familiar with local and International codes, regulations, financial pattern of Institutional projects, liaisons work and seeking approvals from statutory authorities. We also handle turnkey assignments as per Client's requirements.
We considers each of works as our worship and instills luck and prosperity. We are professional in construction, design, operation, and economics of construction project and contract administration. We are professional in working with a broad range of clients by taking their unique ideas and developing them into a workable plan through the life of an environment which is created for you.
A unique concepts comes for Farm House of our city...
A school under the name of SHEMROCK in OMEX CITY.
The Banboo Height Apartment are three storied apartment in


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The IBM Notes client is an important tool for a lot of IBM customers. It's a powerful client (albeit a bit cranky at times), which has a lot of features that people don't know about. So here are 7 quick tips to make your work day even more efficient.
1) Find a Notes application/database quickly
There's no need to spend time looking for a Notes application or database on your workspace or in the bookmark menu. Simply use the search field under the Open-button (or the binoculars if you have docked the Open list). Just start typing the name of the application and Notes will list all the applications containing the letters you are typing. Then you can simply just click on the correct one:
No more time spent looking for applications!
2) Create a new email at any time
To create a new email, simply hold down the CTRL key on your keyboard and then hit the M key. A new email will open up. You don't even need to have your mail application open!
3) Create a meeting out of an email
Sometimes an email discussion has gone on long enough. If you feel the time has come to have a meeting you can create a meeting out of an email by right clicking on the email and choose Copy into New -> Calendar Entry:
You will now be asked what kind of calendar entry:
Choose Meeting and click OK. A new meeting form is prepared. All people in the To-field will be in the Reuired field and all the people in the Cc field will be in the Optional field. All contents of the email, including attachments will be included (remove the attachments!). Now you can continue scheduling the meeting.
4) Paste as plain text
When pasting text from another document into a rich text field in Notes, all formatting from the original source is kept (colors, fonts, tabs and so on). If you want to paste the text into a rich text field, but remove the formatting from the source, simply hold down the CTRL and SHIFT keys on the keyboard while hitting the V key. Now the text is pasted as plain text, and it will be in the same format as the rest of the text in the rich text field. Easy peasy!
5) How is your day?
When you start your working day you want to know what's on the agenda today. No need to open your calendar for this. Simply open the right sidebar panel called Day-at-a-Glance:
You can even look at other dates in the past and future as well.
6) Trace your history
Did you know that Notes keeps complete track of every single Notes application and document you've opened in the seven past days? It's true! No more brain twisting trying to remember what you did yesterday! Simply click on History in the bookmark menu (under the Open button or under the binoculars if you have docked the Open list), then the date you want to check and finally the name of the application. Now Notes will list all documents you worked with in that application on that date:
7) Don't develop a mouse elbow
We all use the mouse too much. But did you know that you can access any action button in a Notes document or view without having to click on them? Simply hold down the ALT key on the keyboard. You will then see a number in the upper left corner of all the action buttons. Simply click on the corresponding number on your keyboard (while still holding down ALT) to trigger the action button.
Example: If you want to send an email, you don't need to move the mouse button up to the action button Send and on click on it. Simply hold down ALT and hit the 1 key on the keyboard. Neat, eh?
Hope you liked these tips. If you did, or want to add something, leave a comment!


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Commissioning is unquestionably the most critical stage governing the future performance of your PV system.
Specialist personnel will commission your PV Plant, so that you can rest assured that everything will function correctly right from the very start and up to the end of the PV Plant useful life.
It is an internal engineering group experienced in the technical evaluation of PV Plants in support to customers.
Ingeborards® delivers visual, interactive and intuitive reports that enable users to prioritize and take action based on data to maximize the return of PV Plants investments.
This service performs a diverse set of tasks including review of equipment failures and root cause analysis on engineering failures. They have also designed solutions and remediation techniques to improve PV Plant performance. Our rapid response translates into optimized performance and savings for our customers.
Ingeteam has built a dedicated, robust and proactive Supply Chain to meet spare part requirements while optimizing your inventory mix to meet fluctuating parts demand.
We ensure that your PV Plant has the right part at the right place and the right time, to prevent stock-outs and minimize spare parts cost.
Technical asset management is a complex discipline requiring a mix of technical and local expertise.
Proactively deploying operational resources to ensure long-term health of physical PV Plant assets and to reduce equipment downtime. Identifying under-performing assets, investigating underlying causes, and implementing solutions and innovations to optimize power curve performance and maximize energy capture.
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© 2008 F. Roger Devlin. This page © 2008 WTM Enterprises.
All rights reserved.
Home economics
Two conflicting conceptions
of feminine dignity;
feminism as male-role-envy
By F. ROGER DEVLIN
If you find this article to be of interest, please send a donation of $3 to TLD. More information appears below. |
One of the hallmarks of Western civilization is the unusually high status it has accorded women. That has often been attributed to the influence of Christianity, which prizes certain typically feminine virtues (mercy, humility) more than pagan society had. But Tacitus had already noted the respect paid to women's opinions as being typical of the pagan Germanic tribes of his time. Some believe the regard paid to women to be a reflection of conditions in ancient Northern Europe, where the nuclear rather than the extended family was the more important economic unit. But however it may have originated, women's position in our civilization has recently been eroded by economic developments and by the feminist movement. The present essay aims to explain how this has happened and argue the need to reverse the process.
Much confusion exists regarding the feminist attack upon women's status, because the
feminist movement has always presented itself to outsiders usually with success
as an effort to improve that status. Feminists, as we all know, assert that women
are rightfully the "equals" of men and deserve a "level playing field" on which to compete
with them. In our time, it is a rare person whose notions about women's claims remain
wholly uninfluenced by these slogans; that is true even of many who think of themselves
as opponents of feminism. For example, certain would-be defenders of Western
civilization believe Islam presents a danger to us principally because it does not accept
"equality of the sexes." Indeed, they sometimes make it sound as though they would have
no objection to Islam if only Muslim girls were free to wear miniskirts, join the Army, and
divorce their husbands. Or again, many in the growing father's movement describe their
goal as implementing "true" equality rather than recovering their traditional role as family heads. I have
even known conservatives to earnestly assure young audiences that the idea of sexual
equality comes to us from Christianity a crueler slander upon the Faith than
Voltaire or Nietzsche ever imagined. The extreme case of such confusion can be found in
"mainstream" conservatives such as William Kristol, who claims to oppose feminism on
the grounds that its more exotic manifestations "threaten women's recent gains": in other
words, the problem with feminism is that it endangers feminism. It is difficult to combat a
movement whose fundamental premises one accepts.
In fact, the high standing of women in our civilization not only long predates feminist ideology but is logically incompatible with it. To understand why, one needs to keep two points in mind: 1) women's traditional status was linked to behavioral expectations fulfilling the duties of their station; and 2) it assumed qualitative differences and complementarity (rather than "fair" competition) between the sexes.
As to the first point: strictly speaking, it was never women as such who enjoyed high status but rather the social roles proper to them those of wife and mother, chiefly. Being born female (or male) is merely a natural fact of no intrinsic moral significance, but the filling of a social role involves effort and often sacrifice. Accordingly, the respect paid to women was not an unconditional birthright; it was reserved for women who fulfilled their feminine obligations.
Among those obligations, marital fidelity was of supreme importance: so much so that in our language general terms such as virtue and morality have often been used to refer specifically to sexual fidelity in women. That is owing not to irrational prudery, as the apostles of sexual liberation imagined, but to the recognition that all which is necessary to destroy a race and civilization is for its women to refuse to be faithful wives and mothers.
The Western tradition also includes a strong presumption that women wish to fulfill their role; in other words, women are assumed to be "virtuous" until proven otherwise. In certain eras it was dangerous even to suggest that a lady might not be a paragon of sexual self-restraint if one did not have very strong proofs: an aspersion upon a woman's honor was grounds for a duel. Of course, that does not make much sense when women have no honor; and today, the proponents of equality and liberation openly repudiate the very idea as an "oppressive social construct." But to be frank, I suspect honor never was actually the primary determinant of women's behavior. Good example (especially from their mothers), habit, lack of opportunity, religious instruction, and, in the last instance, the prospect of social disgrace and financial ruin were probably always more effective with them.
Men, however, have often been encouraged to believe that women are naturally monogamous, unmotivated by anything so base as sexual attraction, and only seek "good husbands" whom they disinterestedly marry out of love. This pleasing and edifying view of womanhood is the basis of the West's cultural forms surrounding relations between the sexes: gallantry, chivalry, courtship, and companionate marriage. These are what place love, in Edmund Burke's phrase, "if not among the virtues, among the ornaments of life."
There are also certain more practical, if less delicate, considerations involved: viz., if a husband trusts his wife, he can skip rushing home from the office unannounced to make sure she is not in bed with the gardener. That leaves him free to devote his full attention to his own role as breadwinner for children he is sure are his own.
The socially beneficial effects of the chivalrous view of womanhood are quite independent
of its accuracy. There is not necessarily any pre-established harmony between what is true
and what it is useful for men to believe. A man may be better off not knowing the whole
truth about women even, or perhaps especially, his wife. But most women
cooperated enthusiastically in promoting the chivalrous view, even if they were not taken
in by it themselves. That is partly because they have been shrewd enough to perceive the
advantages of maintaining a high reputation with men and partly because they are
naturally more reticent than men about their sexual urges ("modest").
But whether based upon knowledge or pleasing illusion, the regard in which our civilization has held women depends utterly upon their practice of monogamy, and makes no sense apart from it. As long as cases of female adultery were few enough, they could be passed off to men as freaks of nature, akin to two-headed babies. When, on the other hand, wives in their millions act upon the feminist plan of "liberation," walk out on their husbands, separate them from their children, bankrupt them in divorce court, and shack up with other men, that system breaks down. That is where we are today.
To my mind, the most remarkable feature of the revolution we have undergone is the time lag between the changes in women's behavior and changes in men's attitude toward them. Men often strain to blame their own sex for what has gone wrong, though the natural disadvantage of the male's position makes his primary responsibility unlikely on a priori grounds: since women have greater control over the mating process, they are inherently likelier than men to be at the root of any fundamental breakdown in family formation and stability.
It seems that many men have an emotional need to believe in the inherent virtue or innocence of women, a bit of sentimentality akin to the Romantics' cult of childhood. Even today, under a burgeoning feminist police-state, male commentators not infrequently berate their own sex for an allegedly insufficient appreciation of the lofty claims of womanhood. The kindest thing one might say of such men is that they are condemning themselves to irrelevance. A somewhat less kind judgment might be that they are collaborators.
The chivalrous view of women is helpful for keeping in check the naturally wayward
desires of young husbands in a substantially monogamous society; it is useless or
positively harmful in a society being run by spoiled and tyrannical females who have
"liberated" themselves from domestic obligations. As usual, conservatives are busy calling
for the barn door to be shut long after the horse has run off. Our task today is not to
"safeguard" or "protect" marriage but to rebuild it almost from scratch. The strategy for
doing so will necessarily be different from the strategy for defending it when it was merely
under threat.
Let us now turn to our second point about women's traditional status: namely, that it implied sexual complementarity and cooperation. This means that their status cannot be maintained once complementarity is displaced by a normative ideal of sexual equivalence and competition. The feminist movement has, of course, effected precisely such a displacement, thereby undermining the respect for women they claim to promote. I will now try to explain how that happened.
First, a caveat: most critical discussions of feminism concentrate on refuting its doctrines, such as the ascription of feminine traits to upbringing rather than nature. My approach will be different. While such formal refutation of doctrines is not valueless, it seems to me to mistake the fundamental character of feminism. The feminist movement consists essentially not of ideas at all but of attitudes, or even mere emotions. Feminist "theory," as it is grandiloquently called, is simply whatever the women in the movement come up with in post facto justification of their attitudes and emotions. A heavy focus on feminist doctrine seems to me symptomatic of the rationalist fallacy: the assumption that people are motivated primarily by beliefs. If they were, the best way to combat an armed doctrine would indeed be to demonstrate that its beliefs are false. But in the case of feminism, even more than Marxism and other political ideologies, it is rather the beliefs that are motivated by various personal and nonrational needs. I propose, therefore, that feminism may be better understood through a consideration of the feminist herself.
A feminist in the strict and proper sense may be defined as a woman who envies the male role.
By the male role I mean, in the first place, providing, protecting, and guiding rather than nurturing and assisting. This in turn involves relative independence, action, and competition in the larger impersonal society outside the family, the use of language for communication and analysis (rather than expressiveness or emotional manipulation), and deliberate behavior aiming at objective achievement (rather than the attainment of pleasant subjective states) and guided by practical reasoning (rather than emotional impulse).
Both feminist and nonfeminist women sense that these characteristically male attributes have a natural primacy over their own. I prefer to speak of "primacy" rather than superiority in this context since both sets of traits are necessary to propagate the race. One sign of male primacy is that envy of the female role by men is virtually nonexistent even, so far as I know, among homosexuals.
Normal women are attracted to male traits and wish to partner with a man who possesses them. Healthy societies are marked by a cooperative reciprocity between the sexes, but an unequal one in the sense that it involves male leadership of the female, somewhat as in ballroom dancing.
The feminists' response to the primacy of male traits, on the other hand, is a feeling of inadequacy in regard to men a feeling ill-disguised by defensive assertions of her "equality." She desires to possess masculinity directly, in her own person, rather than partnering with a man. That is what leads her into the spiritual cul de sac of envy.
And perhaps even more than she envies the male role itself, the feminist covets the
external rewards attached to its successful performance: social status, recognition, power,
wealth, and the chance to control wealth directly (rather than be supported). She tends not
to give much thought to the great mass of men who struggle to fulfill the demands of their
role without ever attaining the rewards of superior performance.
Let us consider next what envy is. First, it involves a painful awareness of something good or desirable in another person. This much it has in common with emulation. The emulator, however, is primarily concerned with self-improvement. Envy has a fundamentally negative character; it wants to bring the other down rather than raise itself up. The envier usually does not admit that explicitly but rather claims to have been cheated, whether by the envied party or by the surrounding society: he disguises his envy as a zeal for justice. Often he claims to want to compete on a level playing field, but maintains that competition has been "fixed."
Envy, however, is distinct from the sense of justice in being fundamentally unappeasable. The righteously indignant person genuinely wants to come to a settlement. By contrast, if the envied party grants what the envier demands, it merely further demonstrates his superiority and provokes more envy. One reason the feminists have gotten as far as they have is that many men are untroubled by envy themselves. These men cannot understand the psychology behind feminism. Sincerely caring about women and wishing to promote their welfare, they waste effort on futile attempts to reason or compromise. They imagine that limited concessions might persuade feminists that men are not really so bad after all.
But it is a metaphysical impossibility to "grant" what a feminist envies: the successful performance of the male role including risk overcome, obstacles surmounted, and objectively verifiable achievement. What the appeasers actually do is grant women some of the external appearances and rewards of such achievement. That is the meaning of corporate hiring and promotional preferences. But a little reflection will reveal why such concessions can never satisfy the feminist. She is humiliated precisely by the awareness that her advancement is an unearned act of charity on the part of the hated "patriarchy." It would be difficult to imagine, in fact, a more efficient means of stoking her frustration and resentment. (The situation with racial preferences, incidentally, is precisely analogous: thus, one book on Black beneficiaries of "affirmative action" is aptly titled The Rage of a Privileged Class.)
Indeed, concessions are perceived as signs of weakness, and whet the appetite for more concessions, a cycle that could only end with the complete self-destruction of the envied party. In other words, feminists' claim to be motivated by love of justice or fairness is flapdoodle. Feminism is a species not of righteous indignation but of hatred.
In practice, since the feminist can never be the equal of men at the male role, she concentrates her efforts upon sabotaging that role. In other words, because she cannot level up, she contents herself as best she can with leveling down. So the practical consequence of feminist political power is to make it impossible for men to "do their thing" (fulfill their role). For example, women may not be able to have careers as glamorous and successful as they imagined, but one accusation of "harassment" is all it takes to destroy the career of a man whose accomplishments she could never equal. And there is no question that many women get a sadistic pleasure from wielding such power. I myself once heard a woman boast of getting three different men fired.
A whole legal industry has mushroomed within a single generation based upon newly invented crimes and torts of which only men can be guilty and only women can be victims. Obviously, the Western tradition of high regard for women is not going to survive the spread of such behavior indefinitely. Women who wonder why men do not seem to "respect" them any more might seek the answer in the mirror.
Envy of the male role has devastating consequences for women's performance of their own proper role as well. Although it may be a secondary or supporting one in relation to men, it is indispensable for the survival of the race: the woman bears, nurtures, and to a great extent educates the rising generation. The feminist either refuses to fulfill her natural role or at best does so resentfully, sullenly, and poorly. For that reason, feminism should not be treated merely as a personal folly on the part of some misguided or spoiled women it is a mortal threat to any society in which it truly takes hold. Enemies of heterosexual cooperation and procreation are enemies of the human race.
May 15, 2008
© 2008 F. Roger Devlin. This page © 2008 WTM Enterprises. All rights reserved.
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Brazil is Hydro's main source of the important raw material bauxite and is the country where the company has the most employees.
In Brazil we extract raw materials in Paragominas and Trombetas and we refine bauxite to alumina (aluminium oxide) at the world's largest alumina refinery outside China, Alunorte.
We also produce aluminium metal at the Albras plant, which we partly own.
Employee count and revenue figures from Annual Report


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