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Pine Mountain Settlement School
Weaving at PMSS 1930s-1940s
Series: BY TOPIC – Arts & Crafts
DANCING IN THE CABBAGE PATCH Weaving at PMSS 1930s-1940s
Margaret Motter was a worker at Pine Mountain Settlement School in the 1920s and 30s and again in the 1940s. She served as Principal and teacher from 1928 until 1938, and as the Publicity Representative and Head of the English Department from 1946 until 1949. She was a prolific writer and a clever and persuasive speaker. Associated with those skills, was her importance to the School as a fund-raiser. Many times she was asked to represent the Pine Mountain Settlement and to travel to distant cities to speak to special audiences that might find the programs at Pine Mountain worthy of support. Many times she managed to bring her favorite subject into the talk. In one instance she found the perfect audience for her interests and for those of Pine Mountain the Colonial Coverlet Guild of Chicago, Illinois.
Weaving had long been one of Miss Motter's favorite crafts and she found many ways to integrate comments on the weaving program at Pine Mountain into her public speaking tours. When she shared her interests with the Colonial Coverlet Guild* in Chicago, Illinois, where she spoke on November 10, 1948, it was clear that her enthusiasm captured her audience. Miss Motter enjoyed this talk and so did her audience.
To accompany the talk to some 80 members of the Guild, she brought along many of the coverlets and weaving samples from Pine Mountain. She described the origins of the patterns, dyes, and some of the stories that came along with the individual pieces. She was able to build a picture of the community of mountain weavers. She described how for many years weaving was a household necessity for mountain families and how that skill had been adopted by the School as part of the curriculum to ensure the continuation of the craft. For many children in the community, weaving was even a new art as commercial fabrics began to dominate wardrobes by the turn of the century.
Motter emphasized how the art stayed with a number of the graduates from Pine Mountain and in some homes in the Pine Mountain valley, families established their own looms and weaving as a cottage industry to provide additional income for the family. Pine Mountain's efforts to encourage weaving were shared by the organized cottage industry known as the Fireside Industries which broadly supported craft in the Appalachian mountains.
When Margaret Motter addressed the Colonial Coverlet Guild* she wrote out her talk in her unique abbreviated form and years later left Pine Mountain a copy of this talk and others, as well. Her talk is transcribed below. Many of the abbreviations have been expanded in this version and individuals are identified, where known. The talk is a window into weaving activity at the School and the role Miss Motter and others had in encouraging the continuation of this mountain traditional craft by integrating the craft into the Pine Mountain educational programs and offering it as a part of their Industrial Training program. Further, the focus on weaving was melded to the social outreach of the School and was used to engage the broader community and to stimulate the potential for economic independence for many women in the community. In many ways weaving and the values of the settlement movement were well paired.
November 10th 1948
By Margaret Motter
Many of you are familiar I am sure with the institution and the dramatic beginnings of Pine Mountain Settlement School, but any sort of message about our school is incomplete without mentioning the name of William Creech, affectionately known as "Uncle William." Here was a man with a 3rd-grade education but with great vision who dreamed for 30 years of a school that would "holp" his people.
When he gave his land (all he had) [not quite!] he wrote some men in his un-lettered hand which we treasure. I want to give you the closing paragraph to remind you of the ever-recurring challenge from Uncle William to carry on —
"I don't look for wealth for them ….
So through the years Pine Mountain has been serving an isolated rural community as an extension, housing a secondary and a vocational high school and as a center of culture, and social and economic welfare.
Uncle William believed it was "better for folkes children to learn how to work with their hands…" In following this advice of Uncle William Pine Mountain has had from the beginning what we call a work program. Pupils pay $10.00 – $15.00 per month if they can afford it and work 2 1/2 hrs. per day and longer on Saturday. This work program serves a dual purpose. Children are made to feel the value of the education that they are earning thru work. [It] keeps [their] self-respect, values and dignity of work itself and besides, through the work program the school is kept going. The children learn over a period of years and do all kinds of work connected with homemaking, farming, and some trades or vocations. All work is done under supervision and changed every 9 weeks. Children have on [the] whole a fine attitude ….
"One thing I don't like is learnin' but I like what hit makes you be……." [Comment by Brit Wilder one of the youngest students and the first to come to the school]
Now, a very popular part of our work program as well as an elective study during school hours is our weaving. I want to give you a few details about this department since you have been good enough to share in making this department function.
Our weaving room has recently been enlarged and we have space for more looms and better looms. We have by no means enough to meet the demand. We have 9 looms and one small one owned by the teacher. 6 of these were made at Berea, one at Pine Mountain after the Berea Style — 5 of the looms are 40″ and 4 are 22″-24″. Since 6 of the looms were at Pine Mountain before 1924, I guess it is not an understatement [page 3] to say they have not the latest improvements!
Our teacher informed me that a Swedish weaver told her we are doing very well indeed with the equipment we have. So you can see as time goes on we shall need to replace these older looms with better ones and to purchase a pair of badly-needed scales [?] for the weaving room.
I have brought you some samples of weaving done by our girls. We use rags from feed-sacks which are dyed at the school and woven into rugs. Old rayon stock and any kind of woven underwear can be transformed in the weaving room into lovely bags. We have a neighbor who does some spinning for us and [the] other yarns we buy.
I mentioned that our weaving is very popular. Some girls who learned to weave have been able to get a loom at home and have continued in their work. Two of the senior girls have been especially interested "in weaving and confided in the teacher that they hope they'll get a loom as a graduation gift from their home folks. The girls love to weave a skirt to wear on May Day and have a chance to participate in the colorful "Weaver's Dance".
Weaving does go on in some of the homes (as I mentioned), i.e., sample curtain [cur. ?] material [mat.?] woven by one of our neighbors. [The] Swedish pattern sells for $1.95 a yard. I am reminded at this point of the way I happened to get one of my coverlets when I was at Pine Mountain in the fall of 1928. In the office welcoming children as they arrived — In came last years student with a younger sister by hand and [a] coverlet over [the] other arm. "I brung —–[?] "
That coverlet was definitely a home product, brown from walnut hulls and dusty rose from madder. Just as lovely today as when I bought it and I love to think that little Della [Hayes] — now a successful nurse — had her start at Pine Mountain because her sister had learned to weave at our school and had a loom at home.
[page 5] I am sure you are familiar with Dr. Allen Eaton's book, Handmade in the Southern Mountains. [this should read, Allen H. Eaton. Handicrafts of the Southern Highlands], One of the colored illustrations shows a striped blanket that we call Pine Mountain Blanket #16. I have one of these made by a mountain woman who was taught to weave by our teacher — wool from her own sheep and vegetable dye used. This is the type of blanket we always use for our prophets in the Nativity Play. You can see that the weaving even goes into something special like that. *[Note: This same Pine Mountain Blanket #16 was used as a cover for the plaque which was un-veiled at the Pine Mountain Settlement School Centennial celebration in August 2013.]
I say something special, Christmas at Pine Mountain is an occasion that one never forgets. With our sacrificial meals for our Charity Fund now we'll have something to share with others; with our appealing drama of lovely carols in [Laurel House] dining room while decorated with garlands, wreaths, and tree; with our gay Mummer's Play ; with our charming Nativity Play in the Chapel, it is an occasion for happy activity — [a] genuine pleasure. It has its effect upon children "Love and joy …" —"Hit's peacefulest –" [Motter probably describes the change from the earlier celebrations of Christmas that were known for their liquor and guns.]
Your share in our work is indeed heartwarming to the staff and the trustees. May we ask for your continued interest so that we may not fail to make Uncle William's dream come true — I don't want hit to be for this local. only —-" ——
*Swygert, Mrs. Luther M. Heirlooms from Old Looms A Catalogue of Coverlets Owned By the Colonial Coverlet Guild of America and Its Members – R.R. Donnelley and Sons : 1940 (1955).
Through Pine Mountain's efforts and the support of the broad-ranging Fireside Industries, a strong program of support for the Appalachian craft of weaving was developed and the practice was strongly revitalized in the 1930s and 40s. In many environments, during the 1930s and 1940s the idea of a "cottage industry" which is characterized by contracted work completed at home and then marketed through a central agency, was a developed and viable economic venture. In the case of Pine Mountain, the idea was not new and was not exploited by the school so much for commercial reasons, but was incorporated into the educational program and into their primary goal of building "community."
The idea of weaving at home was not unique to families in the Pine Mountain community but with Pine Mountain's encouragement, it began to follow the model put forward by the Fireside Industries which flourished at centers such as Berea College, long a source of inspiration and support for the School's weaving enterprises.
Pine Mountain's interest was also shared by many other rural settlement schools in the region, particularly in the early settlements institutions in Western North Carolina. What was unique at Pine Mountain was the early adoption of weaving and the measure of enthusiasm in the community for such work and the persistence of weaving as part of the educational program at the school.
Weaving has been an activity that has found a place at the School for over 100 years and more of its history. Through the enthusiasm of Katherine Pettit and her "kivers" and those like Margaret Motter, who followed her, Pine Mountain has maintained it's interest this this unique craft and in the long family traditions attached to weaving in the Central and Southern Appalachians. This long mountain family history led to the introduction of weaving and dying in the first decade of the school and maintained it through the years.
Katherine Pettit's Dye Book written by Helen Wilmer Stone, a staff member at Pine Mountain, is a classic in the genre of vegetable dying of fiber. Under Katherine Pettit, Helen Wilmer Stone, Margaret Motter, Florence Daniels, Abbie Winch Christensen, Becky May Huff, and others, weaving and spinning, and the use of native plants for dyes later found a place in the curriculum of the Pine Mountain and other schools as a vocational tract. When a more normalized curriculum was mandated by public instructions guidelines, weaving still remained as an elective at many of these schools, and often as an after-school program. Yet, in most schools and homes, weaving had gone away by the late 1940s. Few instructors could be found to maintain the craft in schools other than arts and crafts schools and the maintenance f the equipment was high.
Unlike many regions of the Central and Southern Appalachians in the 1940s, the Pine Mountain Valley had not fully abandoned weaving in some households. In many homes in the mountains, and in the Pine Mountain region particularly, many families still maintained their old looms and many of the unique patterns continued their persistence through many generations of family weavers. Some of the old patterns can still be found in mountain homes scratched out on rolled strips of cloth or on long scrolls of paper. Like some ancient runes, these patterns are family treasures.
What Pine Mountain brought to the Fireside Industries or the "cottage industry" model, was a renewal or revival of the long-standing culture of eager mountain weavers. Margaret Motter moved this enthusiasm along by carrying examples of weaving with her on almost every talk she gave outside the School. Through Katherine Pettit's early enthusiasm for collecting mountain "kivers" the attention to the beauty and skill of mountain weaving moved among the staff of the School like an aesthetic mantra. Workers discovered in weaving sophisticated and beautiful local craftsmanship that utilized skill, intelligence, and tenacity — qualities that the community weavers had in abundance. The education that occurred between the workers and the community was mutual — and it continues to be mutual today, even as the "community" of Pine Mountain has continued to expand outward to meet the demands of the industrial world and a more diverse public.
A short piece written by Freshman student Mattie Mae Adams in the February 1949 PINE CONE, the student newsletter, describes a weaving experience at the School. 1949 was the last year the boarding school was in operation.
On my entrance to Pine Mountain I had a choice between science and weaving. I took weaving. At first I was afraid to weave. I was afraid I would make a mistake. It seemed hard for me to remember all of the names of the parts of the loom, and it was still harder to wind a bobbin. But it didn't take me long as I have Miss Christensen for a teacher.
She started me off on a rug that she had already started herself. Afterward, I thought I wanted to make one for myself. Now we have started on our May Day skirts, which are very difficult, because I get my threads crossed and have to take them out. Then I have to re-wind a bobbin. The next thing I know I'm using the wrong treadles or mending a broken heddle. Broken threads are another difficulty. I have just mended a broken thread when I discover a mistake which has to be taken out. Then I usually take out two to that four.
Now all of these things don't happen every day; but when one happens it seems as if they all happen at once. Even in spite of these hard tasks, I am glad I made the choice of weaving.
Mattie Mae Adams, Freshman


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Music that Transcends Religions and Denominations
"Sarband" is a Persian word that occurs in varied forms in nearly all Oriental languages, for instance Turkish and Arabic. It means "link" or "binding element". Was the name chosen to reflect the ensemble's orientation?
Vladimir Ivanoff: We chose the name because we stand in every respect for the elements that bind cultures – not just for "cross-over", where Oriental musicians are called in to spice things up, so to speak, but are not part of the whole. Many of our members have been with us for 24 years. We have Arab, Turkish and Italian musicians, a Swedish singer and an English instrumentalist.
In this constellation and with a historical musical repertoire, we want to show that these cultures can take the stage and make music together, as a symbol of peace and proof that there is successful communication between cultures outside the political arena.
The musical journey of Sarband began in 1990 with the album Cantico, a juxtaposition of the music of the fourteenth-century Laudesi lay brotherhoods in Italy and Islamic Sufi music. What made this album so special?
Ivanoff: Cantico is a compilation of medieval spiritual music from both Orient and Occident, featuring both music from the Turkish Sufis in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and music from the circle of Francis of Assisi, who journeyed twice to the Middle East and was strongly influenced by Sufi thought.
The next release, which came out in the same year, was a CD entitled Music of the Emperors. By comparing the musical traditions of Orient and Occident, you wanted to demonstrate not only common musical elements but also major differences. To what extent have the two cultures interacted and cross-fertilised each other?
Ivanoff: On that album we played music from the court of the famous Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen in Palermo and from the court of Tamerlane, founder of the Timurid dynasty, in Samarkand. These were two princes who wanted to rule the world and who introduced a kind of world music to their courts. Frederick therefore had many Middle Eastern, Arab musicians at his court. We know that he was extremely interested in Arab culture. Tamerlane had an orchestra with musicians from all the lands under his rule. So it's all about world music as a sign of power – that's what it all has in common.
You were born in Bulgaria. Does your background have anything to do with your interest in musical relations between the cultures?
Ivanoff: I came to Germany with my mother when I was four-and-a-half years old and was presumably subconsciously looking for clues, because Bulgaria is part of both Orient and Occident. It was part of the Ottoman Empire for six hundred years, under Turkish rule. The Crusaders also passed through Bulgaria. Everything became mixed together in that country. For me, Bulgaria is a labyrinth of different cultures: a little bit European with a touch of the Orient.
Why do you focus primarily on mystical musical traditions?
Ivanoff: For me, spiritual or mystical music is the way I personally practice religion. Although I am a religious person, I am finding it increasingly difficult to feel like a member of a specific faith. I feel like a Christian, but after delving so long into the various Islamic cultures and types of music, I also feel a bit like a Muslim, so I can no longer really say which religion I actually belong to.
There is one God, and either we believe in him or not. The mystical expression of faith transcends religions and denominations. You can't really say, for instance, that the music of the Sufis is a strictly Islamic music. Mysticism is a religion of love that relates to all people who want to connect with God or already feel a connection with God. I am interested in Christian mysticism and in Early Christian music because back then – we are talking about the third and fourth centuries AD – there weren't any denominational problems such as the ones that later arose between Protestants, Catholics and Orthodox, sometimes being carried to absurd extremes.
You have also focussed on the music of the nineteenth century. Why? What was so special about the music in the Orient and the Occident in that era?
Ivanoff: In the early nineteenth century, the waltz was very fashionable in Europe. And of course it spilled over into the Ottoman Empire, just like Tango fever did later. There were composers there who liked waltzes, but in the Middle Eastern tradition, the rhythms of the waltz are always associated with mysticism. That's why for example the well-known Ottoman composer Dede Efendi included waltz elements in "Sema", a whirling dance of the Mevlevi Dervishes. Dance in fact always has an intrinsic mystical element. So we combined European waltzes with the religious Sema waltzes of Dede Efendi.
Sarband's latest project is called The Arabian Passion According to J.S. Bach. You've translated the lyrics to Bach's Passion melodies into Arabic and perform them with Arab and European musicians. How did you come up with the idea of having Fadia El Haj sing Bach's Passion music in Arabic?
Ivanoff: Normally, Sarband would never play music by Bach. But his Passions in particular represent one of the deepest expressions of faith and of human suffering. We adopted the melodies as they are. Not one note has been changed, but our Arab singer Fadia El Haj sings the alto arias in Arabic translation. We used a mixture of Early Music instrumentalists and Arab classical and jazz musicians. And we set the music in the context of today's catastrophic situation in the Middle East, homeland of Jesus.
Interview: Suleman Taufiq
© Qantara.de 2011
Translated from the German by Jennifer Taylor
Editor: Aingeal Flanagan/Qantara.de
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"Mozart Is No Better Than Dede Efendi"
Sarband endeavours to show connections between European, Islamic and Jewish music-culture. "Dream of the Orient" is the name of the ensemble's musical program that demonstrates Turkish influences on 18th century European music. Susanne Güsten reports
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Following her widely acclaimed featured performance on Gilad Atzmon's "Exile", the British-Palestinian singer Reem Kelani has released her own debut album, establishing herself as important artist in the Palestinian musical tradition. By Lewis Gropp
A Musical Traveler: Muammer Ketencoğlu
Building New Bridges with Music
When Rebetiko and Balkan music is spoken of in Turkey, the name of the virtuoso accordionist Muammer Ketencoğlu is inevitably mentioned. Every week on the radio the folk music scholar takes his listeners "to the other side of the Danube" – with great success. A portrait by Tuba Tunçak
Musical Worlds
The Islamic world and Europe are home to a longstanding independent, modern music scene that transcends belly dance and folk music clichés. In this dossier we present some of its most important figures, styles and encounters.
Ensemble Sarband
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Although Sgt. Clifford Stone reports that the United States Government has documented over 50 alien species that have come to our Earth, I believe I have scratched the surface of some of these unclaimed aliens and Inner Earth Beings. If you have further names and info please send to me AGHARIANS - (or Aghartians) A group of Asiatic or Nordic humans who, sources claim, discovered a vast system of caverns below the region of the Gobi desert and surrounding areas thousands of years ago, and have since established a thriving kingdom within, one which has been interacting with other-planetary systems up until current times. Click Here For More Information ALPHA-DRACONIANS Reptilian beings who are said to have established colonies in Alpha Draconis. Like all reptilians, these claim to have originated on Terra thousands of years ago, a fact that they use to 'justify' their attempt to re-take the earth for their own. They are apparently a major part of a planned 'invasion' which is eventually turning from covert infiltration mode to overt invasion mode as the "window of opportunity" (the time span before International human society becomes an interplanetary and interstellar power) slowly begins to close. They are attempting to keep the "window" open by suppressing advanced technology from the masses, which would lead to eventual Terran colonization of other planets by Earth and an eventual solution to the population, pollution, food and other environmental problems. Being that Terrans have an inbred "warrior" instinct the Draconians DO NOT want them/us to attain interstellar capabilities and therefore become a threat to their imperialistic agendas . Refer to Els ALTAIRIANS Alleged Reptilian inhabitants of the Altair stellar system in the constellation Aquila, in collaboration with a smaller Nordic human element and a collaborative Grey and Terran military presence. Headquarters of a collective known as the "Corporate", which maintains ties with the Ashtar and Draconian collectives (Draconian). AMPHIBIANS Similar to the Saurians or Reptiloids, yet being hominoid creatures with reptilian AS WELL AS amphibian-like features and are semi-aquatic in nature. May have once lived on land, yet became more aquatic over the centuries. 'They' have been encountered near swampy regions, rivers, etc., and have been known to attack people without being provoked. It is interesting that some types of Greys AND Reptiloids are believed to be semi-aquatic, having webbed fingers and toes (Draconian). Ref to Black Lagoon Creature AMOEBA-LIKE CREATURES over polar regions of the earth. No name that I can find.These have shown up periodically over the last ten years. NASA is working on this. Every time they've been detected, all kinds of strange illnesses break out. They don't how they can stay alive and be in outer space ANAKIM, THE (also referred to the 'Els', short for 'Elder Race' or simply as the 'Giants') Referred to in ancient Hebrew tradition, this race is allegedly tied-in with a branch of ancient humans who broke-off from mainstream humanity because of their vast size which had developed over the centuries, possibly as a result of a genetic anomaly. They are said to range anywhere from 9-11 ft. and in some cases even 12 ft. in height, although in configuration they are remarkably similar to 'International' humans. Are said to possess a means of molecular condensing and expansion which allows some of their kind to mingle among humans on the surface. They have allegedly been encountered in deep and extensive cavern systems below the western part of North America, as far north as Alaska, as far south as Mayan Riviera Mexico, and as far east as Texas. ANDROMEDANS The Andromedan Council has ordered all extraterrestrial presences on the planet, in the planet, and on the moon to be completely out of our space. They want everything that's ET, benevolent or not, off the planet. This will be very interesting since there are over 1,833 reptilians living in our planet and over 18,000 grays living underground and on the moon. The council would like to see how we will live with each other when we are not being manipulated by ETs, as we have been for the last 5,723 years ANUNNAKI Click here for description and how they have influenced the human evolution Click Here for BUFO Audio Report on the Infiltration of the Anannuki on Planet Earth Nimrod and Iraq Nimrod was a worshipper of Anu. Nimrod unlike Abraham did not believe in an unseen deity. Nimrod wanted Abraham to worship Anu, The Most High known as ELYOWN ELYOWN EL. Nimrod was the founder of the city of Babylon, and his most renowned architectural influence was the construction of the Tower of Babel. Nimrod also had a city named in honor of Anu. It was to be called Calneh or Kalneh (Genesis 10:10), meaning "fortress of Anu.� It used to be an ancient city in Babylon, Mesopotamia. Calneh is often associated with Nippur, which is one of the seven cities that was inhabited by the agreeable Anunnaqi. Nippur was also known as Kodesh. It was originally called "Nibruqi� meaning "Earth place of Nibiru.� It was the city of Enlil, the Anunnaqi Eloheem, son of Anu and Antum. Not only was Calneh one of Nimrod's cities, there was Babel or Babylon, the ancient site and capital of Babylon near the Euphrates. Erek a city 40 miles northwest of Ur, toward Babylon on the left bank of the Euphrates; and Accad or Akkad – a city in North Babylon and a part of the district around it are all a part of the land of Shinar called by many "The Country of Two Rivers,� literally meaning "plains of the flatlands.� In the land of Shinar, today called Iraq, is the place where the Ancient Sumerians came to set up an advanced civilization where you'd find pictograph cuneiform writings. Excerpted from The Spell of Leviathan "666� (Spell of Kingu) by Dr. Malachi Z. York ANTARCTICAN This is allegedly a secret area of operations for both human and reptilian beings. It is said by some that Aryan-Nazi scientists actually developed disk-shaped aircraft capable of very advanced aerial performance, and that swastika's have been seen on a few aerial disks. They may be piloted by a 'pure-bred' blond, blue-eyed Aryan race. There appears to be more than one 'Blond' human society involved in the UFO scenarios, and especially subterranean human societies may have developed 'blond' hair due to lack of sunlight. There does not seem to be anything more than a peripheral connection between the Antarcticans, the Telosian and the Pleiadean 'blondes' (i.e. we will refer to the Antarcticans as the 'Aryans'; the Telosians as the 'Blondes'; and the Pleiadeans as the 'Nordics' in order to discourage confusion). The Antarcticans may consist largely of 'batch consigned' pure- bred blue-eyed, blond Aryans who became victims of Hitler's obsession to create a super race, and as suggested by Harbinson and others most of these may be controlled through mind manipulation and implants, being 'human drones' who are used to keep this hidden society functioning. A massive joint humanoid-reptiloid underground system called the "New Berlin" is said to lie below the mountains of Neu Schwabenland, Antarctica. It is said by some sources that this joint human-alien force has spread terror through this sector of the galaxy, conquering and committing untold atrocities against the peaceful inhabitants of other worlds. The famous abductee Barney Hill who along with his wife Betty was abducted by "Zeta Reticulan Greys" in 1961, stated under regressive hypnosis that he had encountered an evil-eyed "German Nazi" working with the Greys on board the craft. It is claimed that the original "treaty" with the Greys was established by the Bavarian Thule and Illuminati societies as early as 1933, and this collaboration was brought into America via the CIA, which was established with the help of American Nazi fifth column agents as well as European Nazi's who were brought into America through Project Paperclip and other operations ANTARIES Alien group that was affilitated with the Montauk Project, but only as observers. They look 'human' ARCTURIANS Arcturus is one of the most advanced civilizations in our entire galaxy. -Edgar Cayce Click Here For Further Information ATLANS These are humans, usually described as being benevolent by comparison to other groups, who are said to inhabit vast and complex cavern-cities beneath southern Brazil and surrounding regions. The term 'Atlantean' or 'Atlan' in reference to these races, has been placed upon them because of the fact that these CAVERN networks along the east coast of Brazil were reportedly once a part of the antediluvian 'Atlantean' empire. The present inhabitants have no direct GENETIC relation to the ancient 'Atlantean' society which is said to have controlled these cavern systems several millennia ago, but are referred to as 'Atlanteans' simply because they are descendants of those who re-discovered and inhabited the ancient Atlan installations. As in North America and other continents, both common and gnome-like humans have been encountered here, some of which possessed advanced aerial or 'disk' technology. The Telosians claim to have some connections with South America, especially the Matto Grosso region where a sister city named POSID exists in a large cavern system underground. This network could stretch as far east as Punta Cana Dominican Republic and as far west as Hawaii. BIAVILANS Refer to Agharians BIG FOOT Sometimes truth is stranger than fiction. See what or Who Big Foot really is. Click here BERNARIANS Inhabitants of the 'Bernard's Star' system. Although not much has been written about them, it seems that human beings at least in part control this star system, along with "The Orange". Whether the Saurians have any influence or not is uncertain , however some sources indicate a possible collaboration similar to that within our own SOL system. BOOTEANS Reptilians from the 'Bootes' system. These, AND reptilian entities from the 'Draconis' system are allegedly involved with the 'Dulce' scenario as well as the infiltration- implantation-control of human society on earth in anticipation of their planned takeover at some point in the future (Draconian). BLUE PEOPLE The Cherokee tell of a story of a race of people that were blue skinned that they came upon when they entered the lands of Kentucky. They bragged over wiping them out, but we have recently found out that this may not be the case and they still may exist in the tunnel and cave systems of Kentucky and surrounding areas. Click Here to find out more on this ancient race that the Cherokee call the 'Moon People'. BURROWERS Another mutation of the saurian or serpent race that is capable of burrowing through the earth. Possibly quadrupedal as well as be-pedal, these have been known to use their natural 'boring' abilities to create artificial tunnels like moles, or even spontaneously produced 'cave-ins' (the latter has allegedly been used in attempts to entrap or kill unsuspecting intruders into the underground domains). These may possess a highly- developed 'bio-sensing' system. BUTTAHS Being that dwells in spiritual darkness. The person may be intellectually developed. The Buttah are normally associated with nightmares, abductions and the taking of small children. They usually come around at night. The Grey aliens who do abductions falls into this category. The Reptilians are also part of this group. They are usually not very physically attractive. Apparently long ago there was a visitation long ago by Buttahs called Wacshashas who were negative, powerful, aggressive beings. CETIANS - (or Tau Cetians) A human race of 'Mediterranean' or 'South American' appearing, tan-skinned humans. Very similar to Caucasian humans on Terra except for SLIGHT differences (slightly pointed ears, higher physical 'density' for their size, slightly broader nose, 5' 5" tall on average, and often wear short 'Roman' or 'crew' style haircuts). Tau Ceti and Epsilon Eridani are said to be a major 'convergence' of exterran 'human' activity, and are said to be in alliance with the Pleiadeans (who in turn, according to contactees, have 'Federated' alliances with the Vegans, the Ummites, and others.). The Cetian alliance with the Pleiadeans and 'other' societies who have been 'victimized' by the 'Grey' predators is based on a desire to establish a common defense against their reptilian nemesis. CHAMELEON Reptilians genetically bred to enable themselves to appear 'human'. Also less-humanoid appearing Reptiloids who use a form of technosis, molecular shape- shifting and/or laser holograms to produce an outward "human" appearance. Reports of these have surface from underground joint-operational facilities near Dulce, New Mexico; Dougway, Utah; Groom Lake, Nevada; Deep Springs, California; and Fort Lewis, Washington and elsewhere. They are reportedly involved in some type of infiltration agenda. These 'infiltrators' can appear remarkably human outwardly , however at the same time retaining reptilian or neo-saurian internal organs. Often described as appearing 'bulge-eyed' with scaly, hairless skin behind their 'disguise'. One report alleged that the 'Chameleons' may utilize artificial 'lenses' to conceal "slit-pupiled iris'". Some claim they are genetically bred 'mercenaries' who are part of an advanced guard of a planned silent invasion-takeover of human society. DINOSAUROIDS (Human Dinosaurs...Saurians) From: The "NEVADA AERIAL RESEARCH JOURNAL" for Summer, 1989. Re-print a UPI news item which appeared in a Berkley, California newspaper: "Dale Russell, curator of fossil vertebrates at the National Museums of Canada in Ottawa, has developed a theory that intelligent life forms could have developed from the large reptiles that roamed the earth (in ancient times). "Russell calls his imaginary creature a 'Dinosauroid' which would look like a hairless, green-skinned reptile with a bulging skull, luminous cat-like eyes and three- fingered hands... "The amphibians evolved into a humanoid species that eventually developed a culture that ran its course or was destroyed in an Atlantis-like catastrophe--just after they had begun exploring extraterrestrial frontiers. Certain UFOnauts, then, may be the descendants of the survivors of that amphibian culture RETURNING from their space colony to monitor the present dominant species on the HOME planet." DOGAN GODS - SIRIUS - Click here for more information DRACOS (Mothmen) The leader elite of the Reptilians are the 'Draco'. They even have special 'wings', which are flaps of skin, supported by long ribs. These can be folded back against the body. They are also known as the "Dragon Race" and their symbology usually includes the Winged Serpent. Also known as the Mothmen. There are elements of their species which do not have wings -- the "soldier class" of the species and 'scientists' DRACO-BORGS Cybernetic forms controlled by reptilian entities. These would also include those forms which are animated by fallen supernatural or paraphysical entities, whether of 'gray,' 'human-like', 'mechanical' or other configuration. There are some who suggest that human-appearing 'infiltrators' of this type may exist in our society, and that certain characteristics might give them away--i.e. the eyes, a slightly sulfurous smell, unrefined features such as no fingerprints or ears or other 'body' parts which seem to have a slight 'artificial' appearance. DRAGONWORMS These creatures are largely subterranean and have been reported on very rare occasions. Although a mutation of the serpent race which lost the use of it's limbs through centuries of atrophication, it is nevertheless apparently a part of the reptilian 'conspiracy'. The 'Dragonworms' are reportedly very intelligent, according so certain sources. 'They' have sometimes been described as appearing similar to a giant reptilian 'worm' or 'slug'. DWARFS Diminutive humans who have allegedly been encountered in or near caverns in various parts of the world, including northern California and the south-eastern Arizona / south-western New Mexico region and in some in connection to UFO's, although most reported 'dwarf' sightings in connection to UFO's are actually sightings of the saurian 'greys'. These should not be confused with the small 'elementals' or 'nature spirits' which some believe are ethereal in nature yet have the ability to appear in solid or semi-solid form at times. The Dwarf races are allegedly just as human as surface peoples but average between 3 to 4 ft. in height, although at times they have been seen as small as two feet. As with the 'giants' or 'Els' this diminutivity may have resulted in a genetic anomaly which ran it's course due to the separation of their race(s) from the International 'gene pool'. They allegedly live in subterranean systems to a large extent as a 'protective' measure. And as we've said, some allegedly possess 'aerial disk' technology and interplanetary travel capabilities. DROPAS Humanoid type. Ave Heighth 3-4 foot. Crashed on the Sino-Tibetan Border in 10,000 B.C. Tribe of this culture still exists today. Click here for more information and pictures ELOHIMS This is the oldest group of aliens in the universe that we know of. They are the ones that are at war with the Orions, which are the ones that manipulate the Greys. . CONTINUE TO NEXT PAGE UFO'S AND ALIEN RACES DESCRIBED IN ANCIENT TESTS |
Alien Races and Inner Earth Entities Descriptions Burlington UFO and Paranormal Research and Education ALIEN RACES AND DESCRIPTONS ALIEN RACES AND DESCRIPTIONS ALIEN RACES AND DESCRIPTIONS |
Monkey Gods and Aliens - Angkor Temple |
Monkey Gods using monkey laborers to build a bridge in Lanka .. Some of the monkey gods are depicted with blue skin. |
Karl - humaneze from India |
Represents what they called at that time "demons reptiles" |
Inter-dimensional Photos Taken in the Haunted Woods of Burlngton, Wisconsin Burlngton Tours - Brad and Mary Sutherland Click Here for More information on Tours |
Alien and Inner Earth Entities Described by Mary Sutherland Exploring the Unknown with Mary Sutherland |
Brad and Mary Sutherland 248 Carver Street Winslow, Illinois 61089 815 367 1006 |
Allow me to Introduce Myself .... Click Here |
Portals...Gateways to the Multi-Dimensional Worlds 19.99 120 pages Full Color Portals- Gateways to the Multi-Dimensional Worlds Believe in the Magic Series In reading my book, 'Portals- Gateways to the Multi-Dimensional Worlds' and my series 'Believe in the Magic', I assure you, that you will not be disappointed. Quite the opposite; this book and upcoming series offer to the reader a unique understanding of 'All that Is!' Spread throughout its pages, are photos my husband Brad and I have taken through the years of the invisible worlds, filled with multiple selves, faeries, trolls, UFOs, angels and more. |


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Story by PRI's The World. Listen to audio for full report.
With Italy's credit downgrade Tuesday, Europe's debt crisis only deepens. The United States is pressuring Europe more forcefully than ever to find ways to stimulate growth in the eurozone. But so far the Europeans remain focused on cutting spending. Now lots of other experts are chiming in, offering solutions ranging from euro-bonds to a wholesale Chinese bailout. The debate might seem a bit abstract at times, but a healthy Europe is key to United States' own stability.
Taken as a whole, the 17-member eurozone is the second largest economy in the world. And the euro currency, the second most traded after the U.S. dollar. Domenico Lombardi, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, said Americans should be as worried as Europeans are about the continent's debt crisis.
"The euro area is an important market for U.S. exports," he said. "And so a flagging economy in Europe means less exports and less jobs."
He also said he thinks a eurozone meltdown would hit US banks hard because of their exposure to the European market.
Lombardi testifies September 22 before a U.S. Senate finance subcommittee. He will tell lawmakers that the U.S. must keep up the pressure on Europe to focus less on austerity measures and more on investing for growth.
The U.S. has been pushing that message with Europe. Just last week U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geitner was in Poland, at a meeting of European finance ministers. But European leaders paid him little heed.
Javier Diaz-Gimenez, who is an economist at Spain's IESE business school, said that was a mistake. "There's no doubt that any austerity measures, tax hikes, they reduce growth," he said.
Without growth, Diaz-Gimenez said, getting out of debt will prove impossible for Greece, and maybe other euro nations. Nevertheless, European leaders have gone the other way, demanding severe spending cuts from indebted members in return for rescue funds. It's what voters — in countries like Germany — are demanding. But it is also what protestors in Greece and elsewhere are strongly objecting to.
In the midst of this apparent impasse, some analysts are suggesting that the money to stabilize European debt should come from outside Europe, perhaps channeled through the IMF. Brazil has offered to help. China, which holds some $3 trillion in reserves, is already negotiating the purchase of some public debt. But any deal would likely come with strings attached. For example, China has hinted that Europe would have to drop some protective tariffs on cheap Chinese goods. That would be another tough sell among European voters.
In Spain, there is already popular resistance to what many see as an invasion of Chinese businesses in recent years. In Barcelona, Fransec Carbo sells Iberian ham in a downtown shop.
"If all tariffs are removed," he said, "and the Chinese start importing anything and everything into Europe, we'll all have to close our doors. In the end they're going to swallow us whole."
Carbo told a reporter to look at the corner bars in his neighborhood, pointing out that the menus are in Spanish, but that the owners are now Chinese.
Across the street, bar owner Rafaela said she works 16 hour days at her little joint, just to pay her rent. "I don't know how the Chinese do it," she said. "If I charge a buck fifty for a cup of coffee, they sell it for a buck thirty-five."
Chinese owned businesses in Europe are not the same thing as China officially gobbling up billions in European debt. But more Chinese stores and goods may be one price Europe is forced to pay if its market conditions scare off other investors.
Read the rest of this story on The World website.
PRI's "The World" is a one-hour, weekday radio news magazine offering a mix of news, features, interviews, and music from around the globe. "The World" is a co-production of the BBC World Service, PRI and WGBH Boston. More about The World.


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I got an iPhone this past month, and I've been slowly digging into the vast library or apps that the phone offers. A lot of things have grabbed my attention, but nothing perhaps so much as Historypin. From Wikipedia:
Historypin is an online, user-generated archive of historical photos and personal recollections. Users are able to use the location and date of an image to 'pin' it to Google Maps Where Google Street View is available, users can overlay the historical photograph and compare it with the contemporary location.
When I use Historypin, all that I can think about is how libraries should be jumping all over this and using it to create a unique glimpse into their community. I've talked before about how I believe the path forward for public libraries is in encouraging our communities to create unique content (1, 2, and 3) and here is a tool that allows us to do this.
Here's what I'm imagining from my point of view as a teen librarian: what if I got a handful of teens interested in photography, a few digital cameras or iPod touches, and we had a program where we headed out into the city for a half hour taking pictures. We could then come back into the library and, using the library's wifi and the Historypin app, upload the photos and catalog our city at that moment in time. What's even better is that Historypin encourages users to snap pictures of old photographs and upload them to Historypine (see the above image for an example). Say that your library has an extensive local history collection (sort of like the one at my library). Wouldn't it be great to mobilize some volunteers to digitize photos and upload them to Historypin? The library could even partner with local tourism organizations to give people with mobile phones a walking history tour of the city.
You can download Historypin for iOs and Android devices here: http://www.historypin.com/app/
Or try it online here: http://www.historypin.com/
(many thanks to Nate Hill for turning me onto this awesome site)
-Post by Justin Hoenke,Tame the Web Contributor


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Авиабаза. Обращение к ВВП.
04 ноября 2023 12:56:09Судьбу московского завода "Гелиймаш" решает строительный бизнес
19 сентября 2023 14:43:21Лозунг власти - «Денег нет, но Вы держитесь» в действии
19 июня 2023 14:07:19Ростовские коммунисты отметили годовощину начала работы Ким...
COMMUNIST PARTY OF COMMUNISTS OF RUSSIA (CR) the political party. The party is officially registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June, 18th 2012 year.
As an organization, it appeared in 2009, after Communist Youth Union of Russian Federation and All-Russian Communist Party of Future joined forces for the common cause.
In the elections of deputies of the Duma State of the Russian Federation in 2016, the COMMUNIST PARTY OF COMMUNISTS OF RUSSIA received support 2.3% and about 1 million 200 thousand votes and became by results the election the fifth party in the country.
On regional elections in October of the 2012th year the party COMMUNISTS of RUSSIA received about 3 % of votes. This result more than at all other new parties, created after political reform of the 2012th year. However, this result is less, than at the parties, presented in parliament. The party considers this result good for the first participation in elections.
On regional elections September 2013 th year For the first time in the history of our party COMMUNISTS of RUSSIA , CR received 2 mandates in regional parliament of the Republic of Khakassia, having received about 7% and having overcome 5%.
In addition, the party overcame 5% on elections in Belgorod and Maikop, Murmansk and now has in these large cities 1 mandates in city parliaments. Lists of party broke 5% a barrier in some municipalities of the Tver region (3 mandates) Lipetskii region (2 mandates) Krasnodarkii Krai (1 mandate) Republic Karelia (1 mandate) Krasnoyarskii krai (1 mandate) Penzenskaia region (1 mandate) Republic Tatarstan (1 mandate) Thus, in comparison with last year the average percent of party grew with3 to 4-5% of votes. Our members are elected for the first time in regional parliament. Following the results of last elections, we keep mandates in municipalities of St. Petersburg, the Leningrad Region, Vladikavkaz, Karachayevsk, and others regions. Members of the Union of youth of party actively participated in elections also. For our recently created party this result, this positive dynamics, are very important. In the 2015 year, the party has 50 mandates in representative bodies of the power of various level, except for national parliament. Due to the receiving a large number of voices on local elections the party is exempted from process of petition signatures on elections to the Russian parliament. Today the in party totals 50 000 members and has 70 regional offices.
Young Russian communists and leftist youth in 1999 as a successor of Soviet All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (VLKSM) created Communist Youth Union of Russian Federation (known in Russia as SKM RF or Komsomol).
All-Russian Communist Party of Future (VKPB) was created after Gennady Zyuganov split Communist Party of Russian Federation (CPRF) in 2004, when he refused to step down after being removed from leadership by the decisions of XVI Plenum and X Congress of CPRF.
Communist Party and Komsomol wanted to join forces long ago, but repressive Ministry of Justice of Russia allowed them to officially register as a national popular organization only in June 2009.
The name the COMMUNISTS OF RUSSIA was chosen as a symbol of a broad left front that is open to all Russian communists.
The activity of the COMMUNISTS OF RUSSIA is based on the main principles of Marxism-Leninism, such as its creative and scientific nature, democratic centralism, party comradeship, socialist internationalism. Communists of Russia want to establish close and multilateral relations with international communist and workers movement, left parties of the world.
The COMMUNISTS OF RUSSIA are the youngest active organization on the left flank of politics in Russian Federation. The average age of the COMMUNISTS OF RUSSIA is 40 years and below. This is mainly the achievement of Komsomol, which is one of the founders of CR and still one of the largest groups of politically motivated youth in Russia.
Chair the party - Maxim Suraikin, head of executive committee Konstantin Zhukov, National Secretaries of Central Committee of Communists of Russia are comrades Sergei Malinkovich, Ruslan Khugayev, Alexander Shabanov and others.
Address: Russia, 125167, Moscow, Leningradskiy prospekt, 47, build. 1, office 132.
Phone/fax: +7-499-963-0-111. e-mail: email@example.com
мы в социальных сетях


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In the frigid valleys of Japan's Shiga Highlands, a troop of snow monkeys functions in a complex society of rank and privilege where each knows his and her place. NATURE: SNOW MONKEYS capture their story.
Their leader is still new to the job and something of a solitary grouch. One innocent little monkey, unaware of his own low status, reaches out to this lonely leader and they form a rare and remarkable bond that alters both their lives.
Changing seasons bring new babies, family disagreements and tragedies. Mating season brings competition for females as the days grow shorter and colder in the rush to winter. With their now confident leader to guide them and their families to shelter and care for them, these snow monkeys are ready to face the world.
- Wednesday, March 23. 7:00 pm


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Leafy - Autumn
180mm x 180mm, RGB PNG
If you need another file type please email after purchase
Image shows 180mm tile
Repeat patterns are to be used on fabric only.
You can sell fabric printed with this file, but you are not permitted to sell or share this file.
Files cannot be refunded, edited in any way or shared.
Colours appear different depending on which screen you are viewing from. I highly recommend getting a sample printed first!
You are purchasing the digital file only from me, not fabric.
Please note colour shades may differ slightly from any previously purchased patterns under the same colour name.Please feel free to message with any questions
Freya Illustrates


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Fulcrum Winery: Fulcrum Pouring at the Sonoma Mission Inn!
The Sonoma Mission Inn, Sonoma Ca.
04/28/2018 - 04/28/2018
04:30 pm
- 05:30 pm
Fulcrum will be pouring a selection of our finest limited production Pinot Noirs and other wines in the lobby at the beatiful Sonoma Mission Inn. The tasting is Complimentary!


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CINCINNATI (AP) -- Nine Ohio and West Virginia residents who have cancer and other diseases have filed federal lawsuits this month against chemical giant DuPont, alleging the company knowingly contaminated drinking-water supplies with a chemical used by one of its plants.
The lawsuits, filed Oct. 8 and this week, are among about 50 such cases — including one alleging wrongful death — filed against DuPont since April, when a court-appointed science panel found probable links between exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid, also known as C8, and kidney cancer, testicular cancer and thyroid disease, among others.
DuPont, based in Wilmington, Delaware, uses C8 at its plant near Parkersburg, West Virginia, on the Ohio line but plans to stop making and using the chemical by 2015. C8 is a key ingredient in Teflon, the coating used on cookware, clothing and other products.
The recent litigation is the latest in a years-long battle between DuPont and residents of the Mid-Ohio Valley, in the heart of Appalachia along the Ohio River.
About 80,000 area residents filed a class-action lawsuit against the company in 2001. It resulted in a settlement in which DuPont agreed to pay as much as $343 million for residents' medical tests, the removal of as much C8 from the area's water supply as possible and a science panel's years-long study into whether C8 causes disease in humans.
"These are folks who've been waiting many, many years to be able to pursue these claims," said Rob Bilott, a Cincinnati attorney who has been working on the case for more than 15 years and represents the Mid-Ohio Valley residents. "Our goal is to be able to get these resolved for them and move forward as quickly as we can."
In a written statement, DuPont spokesman Dan Turner pointed out the company's efforts to pay for the medical study of C8 and fund a medical monitoring program for residents exposed to the chemical.
"Lawsuits such as these ignore family history, lifestyle choices and other causes of health issues and disease in specific individuals," Turner said. "DuPont will vigorously defend against any and all such lawsuits not based upon valid science."
The roughly 50 recent lawsuits in Ohio and West Virginia, which seek unspecified damages, have been consolidated into one case being presided over by a federal judge in Columbus. The first trial in the matter is set for September 2015.
Many of the lawsuits are more than 50 pages long and accuse the company of negligence, concealment, fraud, deception, battery and the "negligent, intentional and reckless infliction of emotional distress and outrage."
The lawsuits allege that DuPont's own research had concluded by at least 1961 that C8 was toxic and it conducted studies in the 1980s showing higher-than-normal birth defects among babies born to its female employees.
DuPont is accused of recklessly, maliciously and knowingly ignoring the risks and releasing C8 into the air and groundwater through its production practices, all while telling members of the public and news media that C8 was safe.
"No reasonable person could be expected to endure the knowledge that an entity has knowingly and intentionally exposed them to years of harmful contact with a dangerous chemical, and has furthermore actively misrepresented and/or concealed such danger from them, while reaping hundreds of millions of dollars in profits as a direct and proximate result," the lawsuit says.
The lawsuits quote internal notes written by DuPont's attorneys, obtained during previous litigation, that show their apparent frustration.
"Too bad the business wants to hunker down as though everything will not come out in the litigation," wrote one attorney who was not named in 2001, according to the lawsuit. "God knows how they could be so clueless. Don't they read the paper or go to the movies?"
Among the lawsuits is one filed by Virginia Morrison of Parkersburg, West Virginia, accusing DuPont of causing the death of her husband in 2008 from injuries related to kidney cancer.
DuPont denies all the allegations in court filings, saying that plaintiffs' damages, if any, were caused by acts of God or actions of others, "over which DuPont had no control," and were not reasonably foreseeable by the company.


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Research Highlights
Found 7 results
Author Title [ Type] Year Filters: First Letter Of Title is G and Author is D. Young [Clear All Filters]
Global and regional emission estimates for HCFC-22." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 21 (2012): 10033-10050.
"Global and regional emissions estimates of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH3CHF2) from in situ and air archive observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16 (2016): 365-382.
"Global emissions of HFC-143a (CH3CF3) and HFC-32 (CH2F2) from in situ and air archive atmospheric observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 17 (2014): 9249-9258.
"Global HCFC-22 measurements with MIPAS: retrieval, validation, climatologies and trends." Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 15, no. 10 (2015): 14783-14841.
"Global HCFC-22 measurements with MIPAS: retrieval, validation, global distribution and its evolution over 2005–2012." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 5 (2016): 3345-3368.
"Greenhouse gas measurements from a UK network of tall towers: technical description and first results." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11 (2018): 1437-1458.
"Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short-lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol." Geophysical Research Letters 42, no. 11 (2015): 2015GL063783.