text:
*****SUMMER FISHING SCHEDULE CHANGES NOW 6 AM TO NOON – 4 PM TO DARK FOR MOST PRODUCTIVE FLY FISHING ON THE McCLOUD & UPPER SAC!*****
What is more beautiful than the canyons of the McCloud River. In all its striking scenery and turquoise colored water, truly a spectacle
in the eyes of the beholder.
California's only underground river that flows some 20 miles or more
via lava tubes where it surfaces in a meadow and starts its decent through 3 wonderful waterfalls each unique in character and size.
If this river could speak, oh the tales it would tell, maybe you know of one personally you'd like to share via email to me and the audience. Let's hear'em folks!
I might also mention, haven't updated my web log in a month due to only having 11 days off in two months. Thanks to you, Carola and I are grateful! Every year things seem to get better.
Thanks to our great support, Jack & Carola Trout
Chris Clark Ladies and Gentlemen, down from his home in Portland, Oregon. This guy loves fishing California and comes down about 4 times a year to raft and fly fishing the Upper Sac as well as head into the McCloud for a little Disney trout magic.
Chris is the only person to see bears on my raft trip on consecutive
years, now he's coming for bears and trout!
Nice trout Ore-Bro! It's always great when we start the day off with a quality trout like this one!
Chris Clark of Portland, Oregon – YOU'RE MY SIZZLER OF THE WEEK AWARD WINNER!!
CONGRATULATIONS SIZZLER NOW GO OUT AND MAKE US PROUD BY INVENTING A CAR THAT RUNS WATER. jt
The pocket tah-tah!
Way to go Todd!
Hook-up in Pollard Canyon, here I come with the net!
If the Emerald City had a river, I think it would look like this…
You caught What?
My two friends from Granzella's Restaurant in Williams, California Dino & Artie came up to fish with me on the Upper Sacramento River.
Right off the tip, Dino hooked a trout and the fight was on!
If you haven't heard Granzella's is back & better than ever after they rebuilt their fine establishment due to a horrific fire.
(Polar Bear did not suffer second hand smoke as the employees worked to get the mounts out first. Do yourself a favor and stop by Granzella's in Williams – 500,000 people a year can't be wrong as they leave there full with a smile of satisfaction!
Nice one Dino, Now let's hook some more! But not before we enjoy Granzella's World Famous Muffuletta Sandwich out on the raft!
Read up on the history of the Italian Muffuletta Sandwich. One of my personal favorites!
After that delicious lunch it was Artie's turn to hook up!
Map to Granzella's > http://www.granzellas.com/contactus.aspx
What a fun time we had hooking trout down the river all day long! The clouds rolled in and we started hooking trout on dry flies.
Size 16 Parachute Adams – A real secret fly if you know what I mean.
How sweet it is!
The classic bent rod – life is good shot!
It's kind of hard to see but there are size 14 Creamy Dun Mayflies hatching on the surface of the Upper Sacramento River, can you see them?
Hola Rob Fuette, having his first trip out on my raft with old school
past client Jim Collins, this should be fun!
Lunch is served with none-other-than Trout Slayer Sizzlers!!
I figure it's time on the water, the right bugs and Trout Slayer Beer!
What ever works, by all means please!
So what do you think? Two funny guys on a beautiful river now that's cool!
After lunch the hatch really turned on and there we were dry fly fishing the rest of the day!
Then the eagle flew by, like by design. A day a guide can be grateful for, great fishing on dry flies and lots of wildlife.
Then Jim hooked another on a dry fly!
A little further down, yet another folks! It was a great day to be alive as we rafted all the major rapids inline and on cue, I was really proud that day.
(Yes, I still get fired-up after 17 seasons, it's a passion I have for my client's successful fishing and the business I've built.)
Check out this Kammy, in its Kameo appearance! Up for its wild run from Shasta Lake.
(Kamloop up from Shasta Lake)
(In a old pioneer accent)
Now that's a nice Fern.. Dale? I think I'll name that town Ferndale.
Oh Fester, you go on and name that town anything you reckonly know.
Yea, I reckon…
One of my favorite newer clients is Chris Bruener, we have had some great trips together and good laughs!
Thanks Chris for coming up again.
Andrew Cirigliano from Allenwood Penn. fishing for the 2nd year in a row.
That's a nice trout Andrew, like those racing stripes!
Oops should of not used the flash on this one…
Saludos Amigos! Lets try a California favorite Red Tail Ale with your lunch.
This drop is called Bottoms-Out!
~Keep your oars inside and trust in the force Trout, the rapid will guide you through naturally…~
~O.K. Obe-One-Trout-Trophy!! I believe – I believe….
Since 1997 I've been guiding Bill James of Orinda, California
and he's heard everyone of my jokes like 10,000 times.
So I just wanted to invite Bill back up in the fall, because I have new material now!! If there's anyway you could bring Jasper back up with you, That cat was cool!
Trout on trout, get it from the source!
Mr. Peter Sandmann bring me a hook-up!
He's kind of got the Shatner thing going, I had a great time guiding on this day.
Alright my backyard is greener than ever! Must of been all that righteous rain from the Heavens above.
All that rain in June sure was a welcomed event, especially in light of how dry it was last year at this same time.
Now lets head over to Argentina and get an update from my client Jim Kiefer who planned his Argentina fly fishing vacation with Jack Trout International Argentina.
Guide Ale Buck and Jim Kiefer hit it off from the moment he hooked Jim and his bags at the airport in San Martin de los Andes, Argentina.
Folks I am proud to announce we got it going on in 2010 for Chile and Argentina!!
We will be offering packages for 10 days in both countries. 4 days in Puerto Varas area with me as your guide and 5 days in San Martin de los Andes, with one day of travel over into Argentina.
What a great trip it will be to fly fishing and experiencing both Chile and Argentina and we'll be with you all the way!
Let's get on to the fishing!!
World meet Jim Kiefer and Guide Ale Buck on their week-long adventure
in San Martin de los Andes.
Good luck men! jt
What Argentina lacks in scenic beauty compared to the "Heidi Movie" pictures I take in Chile, of huge iced-capped green mountains and lush lined rivers, Argentina makes up for in trout size, populations and production.
All rivers in Argentina are catch and release and they are serious about it! It has led to some of the most rewarding trout fly fishing
and Argentina's tourism for this has flourished, especially in the last 10 years.
I think having trips to both countries will fulfill everyone's dreams of what a successful fly fishing adventure is all about and also accommodate any non-anglers or someone who likes an opportunity to see it all in one trip!
From the terrestrial dry fly fishing or the size of the average trout.
Argentina is a place to check out in our winter time their summer,
from November 15th on through April when Jim Kiefer came down.
Nice brown trout Jim!
Madam X's or Chernobyl Ants – We gotcha covered Sizzler!
Can you see that one….Thought you could!
Is this like the same big fish over and over…? I think not comrade,
Jim's doing some kind of Moonwalk out there now.
Nice trout way to go Ale!!
Well boys heck of a show you put on for the folks out there!
Thanks again to Ale and Jim, I wish I was there – With room in the boat I would have had to fight Carola for the extra seat!!
That girl of mine loves her fly fishing!!
— On Thu, 4/16/09, Jack Trout <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote:
I'll arrange for another day of fishing. I have you booked for lodging on April 20th, 21st, 22nd & 23rd, you're flying out of San Martin on April 25th
Where are you staying on April 24th? We can help you find an inexpensive place or you can book another night at the same place.
Have fun and safe flights.
Let me know what you decide.
Hi Jack
I don't know what I was thinking. I need 1 more day of lodging. Thank you for looking out for me. How is fishing? BIG FISH? I will take lots of pics. for you and send it to you.
Thank you
Another great catch!
We got it dialed for you! Call us for your Chilean/Argentine dream vacation!
Jack & Carola Trout
530-926-4540 530-926-4540 for more information.
Hi Jack,
Thanks for all your help on my travels. I couldn't of done it with out you. I can only send so many pictures at a time. I'll send you more.
Ale was a fine guide, I would highly recommended your Argentina fly fishing packages to anyone interested, please feel free to use me as a reference in the future.
Best wishes, Jim Kiefer
Colorado Springs, Co.
On another note:
I am sorry to announce there has been a body found on the McCloud River at the Bollibokka Club now owned by the Westlands Water District headed by Tom Birmingham. The disturbing thing about the discovery is that the body found was headless and handless, supposedly at the doings of one of their own by the Mexican Cartel.
Yes this is no joke folks, the Mexican Cartel is operating in our Shasta Trinity Forest quite regularly and growing the hippie cabbage.(marijuana) Makes me want to say; "Run-Forest-Run!"
(Growing pot out in the National Forest is not cool and is making remote areas with south facing slopes even dangerous)
Watch out in the private clubs too, if I was a cartel from Mexico it is the perfect environment for success. Little or no people around behind locked gates and some of the best pot growing climate known in the world. Last year the DEA found over 700,000 plants between Mt Shasta and Redding and all I am saying is be aware people and bring a buddy.
My suggestion is to not go onto any of the targeted clubs or the Shasta Trinity Forest hiking alone especially in September and October. Since no one is writing about it, I had too. I might mention the same thing happened over on the Klamath last week
and an officer was shot over towards Susanville by a ban of Mexican Cartel, but he got the last shot in and one more down.
Keep an eye out folks – this is no joke….
Many Rivers, Jack Trout
To all of those out there that watch our web log Thanks! Hope to see you in 2009!
Many Rivers & Oceans to You, Jack & Carola Trout
(530) 926-4540 (530) 926-4540
Hi Jack, Myself and my 2 boys want to come up to Shasta August 14 th and or 15 th Fri and Sat. for fly fishing all have some experience. Are you available to guide or could you recommend someone for us? I know its short notice but thought I'd give you a try. Enjoyed our steelhead trip with you 2 yrs ago and always read your blogs. Rob Quinn
thanks so much for nice song, and romantic idea you call me when you listen Boz Scaggs, another day I saw the band in program tv, he is mature man and him voice is well, very good voice and he singing the first song you sang to me in Chaiten "We're allone", he is white man, but for me he has black man voice, fantastic……thanks so much for nice surprise chanchito I love it!!!!
I really appreciative you call me and sing for to me, I love you so much!!! today is really nice day, with sun for me is a gift of God with this weather, some clouds, but is good…..I am ok and send you my love……..happy for nice day here, is great you too there……
I thought to go to Puerto Montt to pay the bills, but maybe I'm going tomorrow or Tuesday I don' t know, today is a day to stay home, to do things here, clean, cook order everything and go after basketball training more later, but I need to pay my bills before to go to Santiago this week…….I am ansious baby!!!!!!!!
Have nice day and enjoy working baby!
today I will go for basketball training in the afternoon…is good my back is better, no exercises for 3 days is good for today……I will made the fire now, there is sun outside, but inside is cold…..
ok baby, good day for both and I love you all the time, take care so much…….
you paloma novia Carola Trout.
Just a short hello and hope you are all well and having fun with your lives.
On this day it is important to remember that Freedom is not free.
We all have our separate views of what it means to be free and each of us has the freedom to hold and express its individual meaning. We need to remember the brave men and women that have over the years, in many lands giving us our freedom.
From America Happy 4th Of July!
George Protsman
Jack: thanks for calling yesterday. Wedneday the 8th would be great. It will be two of us although I¡Ùd like to offer to have a couple other people join but I won¡Ùt know that until Tuesday. The McCloud looks really interesting but I suspect that the Upper Sac will be the right answer. Let me know what I need to do from here.
Good afternoon Jack, we spoke last week about a weekend outing I am trying to plan for 23 individuals ranging from 10 to 80 years of age. We have lodging secured at the McCloud Hotel for the weekend. Part of the itinerary will include a meeting Saturday morning, then a scenic tour (with your help) and dinner on the Dinner Train that evening. I understood you were going to put a proposal together for me to present to the ¡∫powers to be¡Ö. I know you must be very busy with our great weather but could you please send something to me at your earliest convenience so they can determine if this activity will be suitable for all. Thanks much
Sheri Dunmoyer
Hi Jack,
Down to the wire, but we got the report posted here: http://water.ca.gov/drought/updates.cfm
about 6 pm last night. Your photo appears on the cover, credit is on the following page. It appears again on page 7 with credit as well.
It looks great and we are very happy that you allowed us to use this beautiful photo.
I will print out a nice copy for you. Where can I send it?
Thanks again,
Dru Dunton
Hi Jack,
How are you? My son and I are coming to Happy Camp in late July. (23rd until the 27th)
Traditionally, how is the fly fishing at that time?
Steelhead? Trout?
I hope that you are doing well.
How are the conditions. looking to go fishing again with my son Patrick and Nathan.
When would be a good time to go.
Let me know
Paul Reyes
There were 3 good arguments that Jesus was Black:
1. He called everyone brother
2. He liked Gospel
3. He didn't get a fair trial
But then there were 3 equally good arguments that Jesus was Jewish:
1. He went into His Father's business
2. He lived at home until he was 33
3. He was sure his Mother was a virgin and his Mother was sure He was God
But then there were 3 equally good arguments that Jesus was Italian:
1. He talked with His hands
2. He had wine with His meals
3. He used olive oil
But then there were 3 equally good arguments that Jesus was a Californian:
1. He never cut His hair
2. He walked around barefoot all the time
3. He started a new religion
But then there were 3 equally good arguments that Jesus was an American Indian:
1. He was at peace with nature
2. He ate a lot of fish
3. He talked about the Great Spirit
But then there were 3 equally good arguments that Jesus was Irish:
1. He never got married.
2. He was always telling stories.
3. He loved green pastures.
But the most compelling evidence of all – 3 proofs that Jesus was a woman:
1. He fed a crowd at a moment's notice when there was virtually no food
2. He kept trying to get a message across to a bunch of men who just didn't get it
3. And even when He was dead, He had to get up because there was still work to do
Can I get an
Richard Lucas
Hello hello
…just sittin' here at the courthouse — waiting —
Back from a trip to Nashville – where we did a show at Bonnaroo Festival outside of Manchester Tennessee. 80,000 people camping out geeze – lots of mud and good times. Fortunately we had a big tour bus to keep our arse out of the mud ….sort of.
Then it was off to Baltimore where I got to guest with Ed Vedder's shows there – and we did a slammin show at the 8×10. Great music lovin' town!
…back to Nashville – 2 more Eddie shows at the Ryman Theater – then somewhere in the back woods of Pennsylvania we did the Church of Universal Love Festival – no hippies there – no sir! Just more mud.
and now – for the homecoming portion of the tour – jury duty in Marin County.
I suspect this will net $15 more than our Eastern tour – as this is the going rate!
Anyways – no shows planned at this point – except for an outdoor house concert in Portland Oregon this Saturday June 27. If you want to go to that call Rick at 925 997 5797. He will get you sorted.
T'anks! …and guns
Jerry Hannan http://www.jerryhannan.com
Google Web Alert for: jerry hannan
Gregg Allman Plus Jerry Hannan tickets concerts and tour dates …
Find and buy Gregg Allman Plus Jerry Hannan tickets at Ticketmaster.com.
Well, I¡Ùm gonna get up there again for two or three days of fishing in October while the steelhead are in bloom. It¡Ùs been three years too long.
You gonna be in town for the steelhead run? If you remember, I only like to fish with the boss dude. ;o)
I¡Ùm working on bringing up a friend of mine, Don. Great, fun guy. Loves to fish, new to fly fishing. I¡Ùll be helping him learn all this silly fly fishin¡Ù stuff from now until then. That way it¡Ùll cost me a bit less, but one way or the other I¡Ùm heading up. Just have to firm up the dates. Any suggestions there?
But . . . I need to ask a favor: I/we will most likely need rods (8 weight) and Don would need waders and boots. Do-able? I¡Ùm not even going to bring the 5 weight, but I am considering picking up a 10¡Ù 8wt. We¡Ùd like to come up on our motorcycles. I can get the waders & boots, etc in the bike, but there ain¡Ùt no way I¡Ùm going to wander down to, or park in, those dirt/gravel parking areas on this beast. Could I talk you into picking me/us up at the hotel (the Victorian in Weaverville) before we head to the Nugget for our all too important hearty breakfast before fishing all day? Would you be willing to help us on that?
I¡Ùm primed and ready to head up. It sucks that it¡Ùs five months away!
I look forward to couple of days of fun on the water with you again.
Jim Gorman
My wife and I have never been fly fishing before and have no fly
fishing equipment. We would like to try it next April or May. How much would
it cost for a full day plus equipment? Is there any camp grounds in the
I¡Ùm fishing/floating with you on Thursday, July 25th and Friday, July 26th on the Upper Sac and Klamath Rivers. I was thinking of staying in Dunsmuir the first night on the assumption that we would float the Sac the next morning. Do you have a preference for a meeting place? Thanks, and I¡Ùm looking forward to some fishing.
Bob Bouchard
Where do we meet you friday and at what time. Looking forward to a fun trip. If you need to you can call me on Susan's cell phone # . See ya friday.
Tom and Billy
I will be in Chile for work the week of July 13, but believe I will not have anything to do on July 12 or 13. I am trying to book my flights now, and believe I will get to Santiago, Chile on July 12 at 8:04. Is there any chance I can get in a day of fishing near Santiago? I could also maybe fly to Puerto Montt if you think it is possible to do a round trip in a day. I look forward to hearing from you.
Kind regards,
Don Renaldo
We are looking forward to Friday, there will be three of us and we can probably meet sometime around 2:30-3:00. If you have waders that would be helpful, 2 size large and one size medium. We will only need one pair of boots, size 11. Let me know when and where to meet you and we will see you then.
Dave Young
Hi Jack:
My wife Lindy and I are owners of a vacation rental home in McCloud,
CA (www.Toadhollowrental.com) and I am an aspiring (beginner)
flyfisherman. I have noticed your JackTrout.com and MtShasta.com web
sites have lots of links for local lodging and would like to know how
we might be added to your sites. We had fishing families in mind when
we remodeled one of the 100-year old mill houses in central McCloud,
and believe we have one of the nicest rentals in town.
We are members of the McCloud Chamber of Commerce and are a fully
licensed and permitted Siskiyou County vacation rental. If you can
provide a mailing address I would be happy to send a couple of our
rack cards.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Dan Fay,
Dear Jack,
Thanks for the information. We are interested in the banner ad for
starters. If I understand correctly it would be $150 — $75 to create
the ad plus $75 for one year's display. Please let me know what we
need to do to proceed.
Congratulations! I just finished visiting your Web site and was pleased to read that you are married. She must be one great and smart gal to have got 'ol Jack Trout to rise to the occasion. I'm happy for you.
All is well. Joined the SF Fly Casters Club on the Truckee. Had a wonderful 2.5 days of all dry fly fishing. Looking forward to going back up in a week or so.
The guys are probably sick and tired of me telling them about that giant trout we caught in Argentina.
Take care Jack. Best wishes and lots of happiness.
Kindest regards,
Robert B. Brown
President & Publisher
Hey Trout,
You have become so much more attractive….with a beautiful new wife. I don't get to Northern California anymore (have great fishing here in Michigan), but I read your reports regularly.
I think I should give Argentina at try while I'm still young enough to do…..If I do it, youll be the man!
Your old customer,
Ken Maxwell
I just want to confirm that my son, Cooper and I are on for Thursday, August 13 and Friday, August 14 for fly-fishing at Shasta. I'll look forward to getting the info from you on lodging and other details. We're both really looking forward to it!
D. Keith Grossman
Jack, Lets plan on Saturday August 15th for the 3 of us. Let me know what you need to confirm. Rob
we are going to be in the mt shasta area
July 18 to July 26th, 2009.
Please lets find some time to get some new spots if possible for fishing and
bob miller
grant and grace say hello, as does kathy.
Dear Jack,
Bruce and I have been on your email list for a while and we find
that we will be in your area sometime the week of July 10th to the 19th. Do
you have a day available to guide or could you recommend another guide.
Thanks so much,
Beth & Bruce Sterten
Just left you a VM.
Can you do a float on Thursday July 23?
Let me know, I am trying to arrange a trip with a friend.
Paul Reyes
Hi Jack,
I sure wished I could have gotten the girls up to the Upper Sac. last month,
but it just got too complicated with the logistics of all their summer activities –
I¡¯m now trying to figure out the possibility of where to go fishing for two-three
days in late July (7/30) early August (8/5) Any ideas?
Jack Holliday
I hope you had nice trip today, so long trip to Santiago for 13 hours I have pain in my ass jjjaja, is true…..Arrive to Santiago midday…….
Alejandra was for me and we were in subway ( three differents), right now is cold here, but no rain, here is not possible made the fire, like our house….enough smog in Santiago, they have calefactor no problem……more clothes, I have blue jacket Kuhl…..
I love you so much and miss you, great day tomorrow for us baby, now excited and ansious……don't worry, I' ll be fine…
I will pray like last night to God and my saint Sor Teresita for all things are ok tomorrow……
I want you know I am serious and strong I have all papers for immigration……..
Ok baby I go for siesta for 1 or 2 hours, I need rest and relax, more later get up…..
take care and feel you better my cosita linda…..thanks for call me today really important and appreciative……
all Alejandra's family send greetings baby, they are so nice with me……..
I love you all the time, always!!!!!
Your Chanchi Novia Paloma Carola Trout.


text:
Zurich, Switzerland, October 24, 2017 –(PR.com)– High-end gaming operator Stakers.com enters the market with a proprietary sports betting platform.
"Online gaming is a continuously growing industry in Europe and overseas," said Michael Schmidt, company business development manager. "With almost 27 years of a continuous growth operators still remain conservative with their approach."
Stakers.com is an independent, next-generation gaming operator with headquarters in Switzerland backed up by the institutional financing. The team behind the project has has an extensive industry experience.
"The market is stuck with aggregator sites, reselling products of 10 to 15 suppliers," Schmidt said. "Made with academic approach and knowledge of the bottleneck, Stakers team assembled a unique low latency sportsbook with and in-house traded odds feed."
Stakers offers the most exciting sporting action from every arena, stadium, pitch and court, 7 days a week, 365 days a year with no breaks. With more than 30,000 live events per month they entertain, engage and inspire players non-stop.
Focused on responsible gaming and dedicated to providing fair play with a reasonable chance of winning in a safe, secure online environment. Committed to fundamental levels of integrity Stakers.com operates in compliance with all major regulatory requirements.
Stakers.com is licensed in Malta and regulated by the Maltese Gaming Authority. License number MGA/CL2/1306/2017.
Contact Information:
Stakers Limited
Michael Schmidt
Contact via Email
Read the full story here: http://www.pr.com/press-release/733944
Press Release Distributed by PR.com

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This episode of Podcast to Rehab follow's a single story of recovery. Tony has worked hard to restore balance in his after giving up his addiction, yet now he sees more of the fruits of recovery. If you or a loved one is in need, please call us today: (866) 578-7471. Also, Please be sure check out
- Last Week's Episode,
- Next Week's Episode,
- Our iTune Channel,
- Our Youtube Channel,
- Our Recovery Reflections,
- and Our True Stories of Addiction


text:
The government's announcement that they may create a Do Not Track registry for the web, similar to the offline Do Not Call system, has sent the digital advertising industry scrambling to clean its image.
But not everyone agrees that web tracking is an unqualified evil. This morning prominent New York VC Fred Wilson wrote to the New York Times defending the utility of web tracking for the average user.
Tracking technology helps services like Amazon and Netflix make purchase recommendations. Tracking helps newspapers like The New York Times and other online publications place ads that you'll actually care about.
Tracking helps services like the Weather Channel give you the information you are looking for without having to enter a lot of data every time you use the service. Tracking can make sure you don't see the same news story twice.
Tracking is the technology behind some of the most powerful personalization technologies on the Web. A Web without tracking technology would be so much worse for users and consumers.
Wilson is right that a personalized web is a much more enjoyable, efficient and business friendly place. Of course, users should be able to decide for themselves if they want to exchange their personal information for these benefits.Wilson continues,
But there are some people who care so much about privacy that they value it over everything else. they are a small but vocal minority and they should be allowed to easily and absolutely opt out of tracking cookies and other approaches. Web and mobile services that use tracking technologies should also offer an easy opt out mechanism that is easy to find and execute.
The issue really, is that the tracking companies and ag agencies of the world will always stay one step ahead of consumers. Many, for example, are abandoning cookies for the much more detailed, and difficult to block, digital fingerprints. No self-regulation will be as complete, or geniuine, as a government imposed privacy list.
bpopper [at] observer.com | @benpopper


text:
IT Trends | Feature
Mobile devices and data-driven decision-making tip the scales in Gartner's midyear re-evaluation of top IT trends.
The "internet of things" and the resultant "big data," among other major trends, will drive change in operational technology over the next three years for higher education and other types of organizations, according to the latest research by Gartner. Midway through 2012, the IT research firm is revisiting its technology trends for the year. These are announced annually during Gartner's Symposium, a major event that draws IT leaders from around the world.
In developing its list of trends, the company examines both emerging technologies as well as existing ones that can be applied in new ways, said Gartner VP and Distinguished Analyst Carl Claunch during a public webinar. "Typically there's a confluence of differing enabling factors or technologies that come together at a sufficient level to make it reasonable to do something, whereas before it might not," he explained.
This year's trends cover 10 discrete areas, all of which feed into each other:
Mobility on the Run If there's anything that classifies the current era of computing, it's the use of mobile devices, along with the explosion of "hundreds of thousands of new and more powerful applications," Claunch declared. As a result, he said, "It's creating interesting changes that are potentially going to spill over and disrupt more classic areas of our market."
An example of that disruption is the rise of the "freemium" business model for app development. Mobile apps tend to be created by small teams; the apps often are distributed for free and the user can unlock incremental value in the app by paying small amounts. That continuing opportunity to generate additional revenue can extend over the lifetime use of the app by that user. In that scenario, traditional large software companies tend to play a much reduced role.
At the same time, it's tougher for small teams to keep up with the number of different device types their users want to run apps on. On the IT side, delivery, management, and support will only increase in complexity, Claunch noted.
Among device types, Apple's iPad, with its ability to exploit the existing iPhone "ecosystem" (100,000-plus applications), has given tablets--hardly a new form factor--a new life. Now IT is grappling to keep up with the acceleration of new organizational applications for the iPad and its ilk; for instance, using tablets as replacements for netbooks, for use in forms completion, to do surveys and help in inspections, and to perform image capture and content consumption.
There's no question that tablets are having an impact in higher ed. Last year, for example, Abilene Christian University in Texas added the iPad as a third option for students as part of the institution's one-to-one mobility and mobile learning initiative. However, whereas students choosing either the iPhone 4 or iPod Touch incurred no additional charge, students who wanted the iPad received a $300 voucher toward the purchase; they'd have to make up the difference in price themselves.
According to George Saltsman, executive director of educational technology at the university, prior to the addition of the iPad, about two-thirds of students chose the iPhone and a third chose the iPod Touch. After the iPad was introduced into the mix, 68 percent chose the iPhone, 22 percent went with the iPod, and 10 percent selected the iPad. He added that another 10 percent of students arrived on campus with an iPad already in tow, which put the 2011 fall class at 20 percent iPad penetration.
But the mobile education program has come to a crossroads at Abilene Christian, said Saltsman. "The complicating factor is the multiple devices a student owns/brings/uses. We estimate 84 percent of students will bring a smartphone with them to campus this fall. If that's the case, we would rather move them over to iPad."
Saltsman cites statistics from a study by the Pearson Foundation, which found that a quarter of students owned a tablet as of January, a population that's growing at 400 percent yearly. "We felt great having predicted and prepared for a future that looks like this, but even we were a little surprised at how fast it arrived," he said.
Given that, he noted, "It doesn't make a lot of financial sense to buy iPads for the students that already have one." Currently, the university is evaluating the program and will monitor the situation as the market evolves."
According to coverage on the student newspaper website, it's possible that the school will decide to require all full-time students to have an iPad for the next school year. While the official decision about that hasn't been made, the thinking is that Abilene Christian may make a transition to digital textbooks, a move that could save the students enough in textbook fees to cover the expense of buying an iPad. According to a survey done recently at the university, three out of four students reported that they were willing to fund purchase of an iPad if at least half of their textbooks were available in a digital format.
The "Internet of Things" Along with mobile comes what Gartner's Claunch calls the "emerging architecture of context-aware computing." This is a mix of location awareness, identity management, the availability of a phone camera and microphone, and the user's social network, all coming together to augment the computing experience. So far, these components work separately. The interesting stuff will happen, Claunch believes, when they begin to interoperate and connect. "Based on what you want, following patterns of what you've done, where you are, and what you're in the midst of doing makes for more natural human computer interactions," he said.
But the interactions don't stop with people, Claunch added. There will be many more interactions between digital objects, leading to the "internet of everything." "By the end of the decade, more than 200 billion objects should be at least part of the time online," he predicted. Already, half of internet connections take place between things, including building and infrastructure management, remote sensing of objects and the environment, IP-based cameras and microphones, content and services through connected products, and the like.
This is the foundation for initiatives such as IBM's Smarter Planet work, where IT technology is embedded into the world in multiple ways--through cars, room sensors, roadways, utility meters, appliances, and other non-traditional IT categories. As the data from those objects joins the network and interoperates with other objects, "those streams can be leveraged to unlock value," Claunch said. For example, a capture of the buttons being pushed on an elevator may be analyzed to help it work more productively during certain periods of the day.
The Day of Big Data With so much information embedded in the "internet of everything," IT will have its hands full managing the voluminous stream of data, Claunch said. That data will pour in from multiple sources--documents and content, meters, RFID, social computing, mobile and communications, internal applications, and cloud-based services--and will have an impact on decision-making. Eventually, data-driven decision-making will also include more of predictive analytics (using historic and real-time data to make future decisions).
The application of big data in universities and colleges is still limited, commented Diego Klabjan, director of the Master of Science in Analytics program at Northwestern University. This new program, which will educate students in how to work with big data, has seen excellent enrollment for its fall 2013 start. "The demand has been overwhelming and we have enrolled a full class of highly qualified and motivated students," he said.
But in the operational realm of higher ed, which deals with students over objects, it's much more challenging to derive a business proposition for big data. The problem is compounded by the fact that most universities are relatively small in size and "very liberal," pointed out Klabjan. "The limited size makes a deployment of a social collaborative platform a questionable investment, while liberal professors would very soon kill any initiative, for example, to monitor e-mail messages to potentially improve collaborations or automatically find grant opportunities," he said.
Likewise, campuses are too small to take advantage of big data for energy management. "Even with potential smart meters on a campus, their management would probably be outsourced to an outside vendor," Klabjan said. "The situation is similar with admissions records. There simply are not enough of them to require big data solutions."
But, he noted, opportunities for the use of big data do exist outside of day-to-day operations. For example, a university could use social media data to get a better understanding of its alumni and target their ranks for possible donations. Another opportunity is to exploit social media to complement standard evaluations of instructors. "Students are probably much more open with comments outside of classrooms on Facebook and Twitter," he explained. "A university could integrate the sentiment of such comments with classical course evaluation surveys."
The Evolution of the Server As changes take place in the application arena, server performance is affected too. Gartner has identified two trends here: one, the appropriate use of flash memory; and another, the use of multiple extreme-low-energy servers as a distinct alternative to ever-faster, more capacious servers hosting multiple virtual servers.
Like RAM, flash has the advantage of much faster access time compared to the traditional rotating disk, Claunch explained. However, both RAM and flash are pricier than disks. Unlike RAM, both flash and disk offer persistent memory. If the power goes out or a system fails, the data saved to flash or disk drive won't be affected. To take advantage of its unique benefits, a lot of organizations are shifting their production databases to flash since it makes that data available at much faster speeds.
Yet, that may not be the smartest way to use flash memory, Claunch said, because it treats flash like a file--an inefficient approach. "Unless you rewrite the application, you have to move the whole file or the whole volume onto flash. When you do that, you pay a high price for all of it, not just the part that gets the value. Ultimately, that can make the economics unusable."
Gartner predicts that vendors will begin to offer new ways of working with flash as an internal feature to target performance-sensitive data. Claunch said that Oracle is already showing how this capability works with its Exadata Database Machine, which uses flash purely internally in the design of the product to improve query response.
In another area of the data center, Gartner suggested that it may be time for an "anti-virtualization project." The unstoppable march to deploy ever higher-performing servers to host a growing number of virtualized servers may not always be in the best interest of IT. There may be situations where low-performing dedicated servers have a place, particularly in environments that are sensitive to energy usage, cost, and space. "Most applications are a bad fit," Claunch emphasized. But if IT can find the right applications and right fit, a migration backward does have merit, he said.
Ever-Changing Cloud Formations Cloud computing is continuing to unfold. Gartner's "hype cycle" for this technology trend shows dozens of manifestations. As Claunch pointed out, "It's not a monolith that's identical for everyone." In fact, the company expects the hype to drive cloud computing further toward the "trough of disillusionment" in 2012 and 2013.
In the space of higher ed, the cloud is gaining pickup in several areas; for example, as a means for delivering e-mail service to students. It's also changing the way people do research. "There's more ad hoc short-term collaboration," Claunch noted. "It's reforming research from a fixed team instantiated throughout the life of the project to a more fluid thing that occurs across institutions and in other ways."
But beyond that, users have many legitimate questions that need to be answered before their organizations will be ready to move to cloud-based services. A big reservation is that people don't have an "instinctive level of comfort" with companies so quickly shifting into the "rental" model, Claunch said. "The people who make generators to generate electricity are not the people who sell you kilowatt hours. The people who make aircraft are not the ones who rent you a seat to fly you somewhere. It's takes a different kind of company to take on the unique risks of rental."


text:
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Homeless students and foster youth have the right to immediate enrollment when changing schools, even if they are missing documents normally required for enrollment. The school will work with the parents to obtain the missing documents. Enrollment means the ability to attend classes and participate in school activities.
The Sweetwater Union High School district and its' schools provide a variety of services to homeless students and foster youth. These services may include school supplies, transportation or academic support, among other things. For information contact the site liaison or the district liaison for homeless and foster youth services. Another source for help and support is the local Family Resource Center.
Antonia Terrazas
District homeless and foster youth liaison
(619) 934-8300
or (619) 934-8666
District homeless and foster youth liaison
(619) 934-8300
or (619) 934-8666
Site homeless and foster youth liaison – (site to fill in)
School's Family Resource Center – (site to fill in)


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Deprecated Interfaces, Language Features, Attributes, and Conventions¶
In a perfect world, it would be possible to convert all instances of some deprecated API into the new API and entirely remove the old API in a single development cycle. However, due to the size of the kernel, the maintainership hierarchy, and timing, it's not always feasible to do these kinds of conversions at once. This means that new instances may sneak into the kernel while old ones are being removed, only making the amount of work to remove the API grow. In order to educate developers about what has been deprecated and why, this list has been created as a place to point when uses of deprecated things are proposed for inclusion in the kernel.
While this attribute does visually mark an interface as deprecated, it does not produce warnings during builds any more because one of the standing goals of the kernel is to build without warnings and no one was actually doing anything to remove these deprecated interfaces. While using __deprecated is nice to note an old API in a header file, it isn't the full solution. Such interfaces must either be fully removed from the kernel, or added to this file to discourage others from using them in the future.
BUG() and BUG_ON()¶
Use WARN() and WARN_ON() instead, and handle the "impossible" error condition as gracefully as possible. While the BUG()-family of APIs were originally designed to act as an "impossible situation" assert and to kill a kernel thread "safely", they turn out to just be too risky. (e.g. "In what order do locks need to be released? Have various states been restored?") Very commonly, using BUG() will destabilize a system or entirely break it, which makes it impossible to debug or even get viable crash reports. Linus has very strong feelings about this.
Note that the WARN()-family should only be used for "expected to
be unreachable" situations. If you want to warn about "reachable
but undesirable" situations, please use the pr_warn()
-family of
functions. System owners may have set the panic_on_warn sysctl,
to make sure their systems do not continue running in the face of
"unreachable" conditions. (For example, see commits like this one.)
open-coded arithmetic in allocator arguments¶
Dynamic size calculations (especially multiplication) should not be performed in memory allocator (or similar) function arguments due to the risk of them overflowing. This could lead to values wrapping around and a smaller allocation being made than the caller was expecting. Using those allocations could lead to linear overflows of heap memory and other misbehaviors. (One exception to this is literal values where the compiler can warn if they might overflow. However, the preferred way in these cases is to refactor the code as suggested below to avoid the open-coded arithmetic.)
For example, do not use count * size
as an argument, as in:
foo = kmalloc(count * size, GFP_KERNEL);
Instead, the 2-factor form of the allocator should be used:
foo = kmalloc_array(count, size, GFP_KERNEL);
Specifically, kmalloc()
can be replaced with kmalloc_array()
, and
can be replaced with kcalloc()
If no 2-factor form is available, the saturate-on-overflow helpers should be used:
bar = dma_alloc_coherent(dev, array_size(count, size), &dma, GFP_KERNEL);
Another common case to avoid is calculating the size of a structure with a trailing array of others structures, as in:
header = kzalloc(sizeof(*header) + count * sizeof(*header->item),
Instead, use the helper:
header = kzalloc(struct_size(header, item, count), GFP_KERNEL);
If you are using struct_size()
on a structure containing a zero-length
or a one-element array as a trailing array member, please refactor such
array usage and switch to a flexible array member instead.
For other calculations, please compose the use of the size_mul()
, and size_sub()
helpers. For example, in the case of:
foo = krealloc(current_size + chunk_size * (count - 3), GFP_KERNEL);
Instead, use the helpers:
foo = krealloc(size_add(current_size,
size_sub(count, 3))), GFP_KERNEL);
For more details, also see array3_size()
and flex_array_size()
as well as the related check_mul_overflow()
, check_add_overflow()
, and check_shl_overflow()
family of functions.
simple_strtol(), simple_strtoll(), simple_strtoul(), simple_strtoull()¶
The simple_strtol()
, simple_strtoll()
, and simple_strtoull()
explicitly ignore overflows, which may lead to unexpected results
in callers. The respective kstrtol()
, kstrtoll()
, and kstrtoull()
functions tend to be the
correct replacements, though note that those require the string to be
NUL or newline terminated.
performs no bounds checking on the destination buffer. This
could result in linear overflows beyond the end of the buffer, leading to
all kinds of misbehaviors. While CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE=y and various
compiler flags help reduce the risk of using this function, there is
no good reason to add new uses of this function. The safe replacement
is strscpy()
, though care must be given to any cases where the return
value of strcpy()
was used, since strscpy()
does not return a pointer to
the destination, but rather a count of non-NUL bytes copied (or negative
errno when it truncates).
strncpy() on NUL-terminated strings¶
Use of strncpy()
does not guarantee that the destination buffer will
be NUL terminated. This can lead to various linear read overflows and
other misbehavior due to the missing termination. It also NUL-pads
the destination buffer if the source contents are shorter than the
destination buffer size, which may be a needless performance penalty
for callers using only NUL-terminated strings.
When the destination is required to be NUL-terminated, the replacement is
, though care must be given to any cases where the return value
of strncpy()
was used, since strscpy()
does not return a pointer to the
destination, but rather a count of non-NUL bytes copied (or negative
errno when it truncates). Any cases still needing NUL-padding should
instead use strscpy_pad()
If a caller is using non-NUL-terminated strings, strtomem()
should be
used, and the destinations should be marked with the __nonstring
attribute to avoid future compiler warnings. For cases still needing
NUL-padding, strtomem_pad()
can be used.
reads the entire source buffer first (since the return value
is meant to match that of strlen()
). This read may exceed the destination
size limit. This is both inefficient and can lead to linear read overflows
if a source string is not NUL-terminated. The safe replacement is strscpy()
though care must be given to any cases where the return value of strlcpy()
is used, since strscpy()
will return negative errno values when it truncates.
%p format specifier¶
Traditionally, using "%p" in format strings would lead to regular address exposure flaws in dmesg, proc, sysfs, etc. Instead of leaving these to be exploitable, all "%p" uses in the kernel are being printed as a hashed value, rendering them unusable for addressing. New uses of "%p" should not be added to the kernel. For text addresses, using "%pS" is likely better, as it produces the more useful symbol name instead. For nearly everything else, just do not add "%p" at all.
Paraphrasing Linus's current guidance:
If the hashed "%p" value is pointless, ask yourself whether the pointer itself is important. Maybe it should be removed entirely?
If you really think the true pointer value is important, why is some system state or user privilege level considered "special"? If you think you can justify it (in comments and commit log) well enough to stand up to Linus's scrutiny, maybe you can use "%px", along with making sure you have sensible permissions.
If you are debugging something where "%p" hashing is causing problems, you can temporarily boot with the debug flag "no_hash_pointers".
Variable Length Arrays (VLAs)¶
Using stack VLAs produces much worse machine code than statically sized stack arrays. While these non-trivial performance issues are reason enough to eliminate VLAs, they are also a security risk. Dynamic growth of a stack array may exceed the remaining memory in the stack segment. This could lead to a crash, possible overwriting sensitive contents at the end of the stack (when built without CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK=y), or overwriting memory adjacent to the stack (when built without CONFIG_VMAP_STACK=y)
Implicit switch case fall-through¶
The C language allows switch cases to fall through to the next case when a "break" statement is missing at the end of a case. This, however, introduces ambiguity in the code, as it's not always clear if the missing break is intentional or a bug. For example, it's not obvious just from looking at the code if STATE_ONE is intentionally designed to fall through into STATE_TWO:
switch (value) {
case STATE_ONE:
case STATE_TWO:
WARN("unknown state");
As there have been a long list of flaws due to missing "break" statements, we no longer allow implicit fall-through. In order to identify intentional fall-through cases, we have adopted a pseudo-keyword macro "fallthrough" which expands to gcc's extension __attribute__((__fallthrough__)). (When the C17/C18 [[fallthrough]] syntax is more commonly supported by C compilers, static analyzers, and IDEs, we can switch to using that syntax for the macro pseudo-keyword.)
All switch/case blocks must end in one of:
goto <label>;
return [expression];
Zero-length and one-element arrays¶
There is a regular need in the kernel to provide a way to declare having a dynamically sized set of trailing elements in a structure. Kernel code should always use "flexible array members" for these cases. The older style of one-element or zero-length arrays should no longer be used.
In older C code, dynamically sized trailing elements were done by specifying a one-element array at the end of a structure:
struct something {
size_t count;
struct foo items[1];
This led to fragile size calculations via sizeof() (which would need to remove the size of the single trailing element to get a correct size of the "header"). A GNU C extension was introduced to allow for zero-length arrays, to avoid these kinds of size problems:
struct something {
size_t count;
struct foo items[0];
But this led to other problems, and didn't solve some problems shared by both styles, like not being able to detect when such an array is accidentally being used _not_ at the end of a structure (which could happen directly, or when such a struct was in unions, structs of structs, etc).
C99 introduced "flexible array members", which lacks a numeric size for the array declaration entirely:
struct something {
size_t count;
struct foo items[];
This is the way the kernel expects dynamically sized trailing elements to be declared. It allows the compiler to generate errors when the flexible array does not occur last in the structure, which helps to prevent some kind of undefined behavior bugs from being inadvertently introduced to the codebase. It also allows the compiler to correctly analyze array sizes (via sizeof(), CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE, and CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS). For instance, there is no mechanism that warns us that the following application of the sizeof() operator to a zero-length array always results in zero:
struct something {
size_t count;
struct foo items[0];
struct something *instance;
instance = kmalloc(struct_size(instance, items, count), GFP_KERNEL);
instance->count = count;
size = sizeof(instance->items) * instance->count;
memcpy(instance->items, source, size);
At the last line of code above, size
turns out to be zero
, when one might
have thought it represents the total size in bytes of the dynamic memory recently
allocated for the trailing array items
. Here are a couple examples of this
issue: link 1,
link 2.
Instead, flexible array members have incomplete type, and so the sizeof()
operator may not be applied,
so any misuse of such operators will be immediately noticed at build time.
With respect to one-element arrays, one has to be acutely aware that such arrays occupy at least as much space as a single object of the type, hence they contribute to the size of the enclosing structure. This is prone to error every time people want to calculate the total size of dynamic memory to allocate for a structure containing an array of this kind as a member:
struct something {
size_t count;
struct foo items[1];
struct something *instance;
instance = kmalloc(struct_size(instance, items, count - 1), GFP_KERNEL);
instance->count = count;
size = sizeof(instance->items) * instance->count;
memcpy(instance->items, source, size);
In the example above, we had to remember to calculate count - 1
when using
the struct_size()
helper, otherwise we would have --unintentionally-- allocated
memory for one too many items
objects. The cleanest and least error-prone way
to implement this is through the use of a flexible array member, together with
and flex_array_size()
struct something {
size_t count;
struct foo items[];
struct something *instance;
instance = kmalloc(struct_size(instance, items, count), GFP_KERNEL);
instance->count = count;
memcpy(instance->items, source, flex_array_size(instance, items, instance->count));
There are two special cases of replacement where the DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY() helper needs to be used. (Note that it is named __DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY() for use in UAPI headers.) Those cases are when the flexible array is either alone in a struct or is part of a union. These are disallowed by the C99 specification, but for no technical reason (as can be seen by both the existing use of such arrays in those places and the work-around that DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY() uses). For example, to convert this:
struct something {
union {
struct type1 one[0];
struct type2 two[0];
The helper must be used:
struct something {
union {
DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY(struct type1, one);
DECLARE_FLEX_ARRAY(struct type2, two);


text:
During #InternationalWeekOfTheDeaf, Huawei has revealed that 95% of parents are in favour of having British Sign Language (BSL) added to the national school curriculum, after 74% of British parents admitted to not knowing the difficulties some deaf children experience when learning to read.
The research comes as Huawei's free mobile app, StorySign, which translates popular children's books into sign language is now available on Apple iOS.
The study of 2,000 British parents, also found that 81% of people surveyed did not know how to sign in BSL or were only able to communicate in it very badly and wished they had been taught a few words when they were at school (82%). Whilst, 58% believe BSL is difficult to learn, there is an appetite to learn sign language. In fact, 98% think it would be a good idea for children to learn sign language to help them communicate with the deaf community.
The research was commissioned by Huawei to celebrate the addition of Ten Minutes to Bed: Little Monsters and There's A Dragon in Your Book on its #StorySign smartphone app. StorySign, the free mobile app is available on both Android and iOS, and comes alive with Star, the app's friendly signing avatar who translates a range of popular children's books into sign language in real-time, creating a seamless reading experience and allowing deaf children to enjoy story time.
"We developed StorySign as an educational tool, inspired by the issues deaf children face when learning to read – a challenge for any child, but so much harder when you can't hear,'' said Justin Costello, Huawei Director of Marketing, UK and Ireland.
"Now as StorySign becomes available on Apple iOS and new books join the library, StorySign will support even more deaf children learning to read no matter where they live or what smartphone they have and reinforces our commitment to using technology to help make the world a better place.''
70% of parents also admitted to being reluctant to communicate with a deaf person due to feeling uncomfortable about not understanding them. The lack of knowledge of BSL in the UK can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness within the deaf community.
This is particularly detrimental to young children who are profoundly deaf which makes learning to read much more difficult. But a new film has been produced to show just how much of a difference StorySign has made to one child's life – 9 year old Tasneem:
Damian Barry, Executive Director, British Deaf Association said
"Access to sign language and education tools are vital when tackling deaf literacy issues in the UK and the British Deaf Association supports Huawei with its long-term vision to help open the world of books to deaf children through StorySign. It is encouraging that StorySign can help bring together families with Deaf children, like Tasneem and her family, to enjoy reading and story time together.
StorySign can now be downloaded worldwide for free from Google Play, the Huawei AppGallery and Apple App Store.


text:
Here's a simple formula for successful branding, employed by the best brands in the world.
Know who you are and believe it.
As a company, if you are not unified in your vision, your branding effort will be DOA. Without consensus, your aspiration to become a great brand is a non-starter. No matter the nature of your company–a high-powered law firm, an Internet startup, a new fashion label–you need to speak with a singular voice and agree on who you are and what your value is to your customers.
Naturally, a charismatic visionary can lead the way (i.e. Napoleon, Henry Ford, Sir Richard Branson), but even those titans needed to get their key players aligned. Most often, it's a group of senior executives to start with, but it applies to every individual in the company. There is no other option. They all need to say "yes."
Create a clear and compelling message, in words, pictures or both, so that everyone–from your employees to your customers to your mother–can easily understand your brand promise and why they should care about it.
The more memorable this message and image is, the easier it is for "believers" to become "ambassadors" and communicate it to others. The result: They will love you for your clarity.
This is where a lot of brands fall short, because it takes determination, commitment, and real money to reinforce your brand identity everywhere. To optimize design and marketing dollars, brands need to work consistently and strategically to activate all touch points with target audiences. Great brands do just that and they never miss.
Take a moment and test this model on your favorite brands. Walk into any Lego store, and you can feel the unified brand message, from each individual Lego brick to the holistic constructive creativity in the space. When your Netflix envelope arrives exactly on time, you know this is what their core values simplify down to: customer service, fulfillment, and delivery. When you lovingly unwrap a new product from Apple, you see their dedication to detail amplified in every respect.
Is it a simple formula? Yes. Easy? No. I estimate that this "free" advice is worth about $100,000 if a company really gets it right. Don't apply this formula and doom your brand to bland.
In the coming months, I'll be showcasing brands that unify, simplify and amplify, and those that do not. I'll be examining "legacy "companies and those born yesterday from a wide cross section of industries. If you have a suggestion for a brand that you love that employs this formula well–or examples of ones that don't–I'd like to hear about it. Please share them here.


text:
Organ donation
Organ donation is the act of donating one or more bodily organs to another person so that they may be used in the recipient's body to increase the chance of survival and/or health of the recipient. Such a transfer is called an organ transplant. Other donations of a similar nature include blood and bone marrow donations. The following will address organ donation by exploring both patristic and contemporary theological thought so as to gain an Orthodox perspective on the subject.
Factual Information
As humans with a fallen nature, our human bodies are subject to corruption, decay, and death. Often, death of the physical body is brought about as a result of this corruption and decay in the organs of the body. Advances in medical and surgical technology in the past century, however, now allow the prevention of death and the improvement in health of persons afflicted with diseased organs by the receiving of new organs, which then replace the old. This is widely utilized as the method of healing for such afflicted persons. The organ donor may be one of the following:
- a live volunteer, typically a relative of the recipient;
- a person clinically diagnosed as brain dead, whose brain is no longer functioning, including the brain stem and cortex, which renders them unable to breathe unassisted;
- a person whose organs were removed and preserved upon death until the need arises;
- an animal such as a pig, often for its heart valves.
A healthy human can donate a kidney, part of his or her liver, bone marrow, and blood without serious long term health risks. Surgeons can transplant many additional organs, such as the heart and lungs, intestines, pancreas, and the corneas, if the donor is already dead.
Scriptural and Patristic Thought
St. Paul says that we are called to glorify God in body and spirit, saying that our bodies are "members of Christ" (1 Corinthians 6:15 NKJ). He goes on to say that "the body is… for the Lord, and the Lord for the body" (1 Corinthians 6:13 NKJ), and the "body is the temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you" (1 Corinthians 6:18 NKJ). Though speaking specifically of fornication and gluttony, St. Paul makes it clear that the sanctity of the body is imperative and inviolate, as in and through it we are joined to the Lord and become one spirit with Him.
St. John Chrysostom says of 1 Corinthians 6 that the body was formed "that it might follow Christ as a Head, and that the Lord might be set over the body." Likewise, Irenaeus of Lyons asserts that "God will bestow salvation upon the whole nature of man, consisting of body and soul in close union, since the Word took it upon him, and adorned with the gifts of the Holy Spirit, of whom our bodies are, and are termed, the temples."
Specifically in reference to medicine, history has shown that the church does not reject secular medicine. St. Luke the Evangelist, for instance, was known to be a physician (Col 4:14). Other saints, fathers, hierarchs, patriarchs, and priests were also known to be physicians by trade. The Church has always commemorated such physicians as Ss. Cosmas and Damianos, Ss. John and Cyrus, and Ss. Panteleimon and Hermolaus, recognized for their theology and piety, as well as healing skills. In fact, St. Basil the Great blessed the use of secular medicine, saying that God worked just as much through the visible world as the invisible. Therefore, God's grace is made manifest in the ability to heal through medicine just as much as through miraculous cures. Further, as long as the goal of pleasing God and tending to spiritual health remains primary, medicine is in absolute harmony with Christianity. It even makes us more acutely aware of God's power. St. John Chrysostom also stressed that those with the ability to relieve the suffering of others and save them from death had a responsibility to do so.
However, there are also instances where the fathers specifically expressed that the use of medicine, regarded so highly as a Christian virtue, should be limited or even avoided at times, and that prayer and piety should be employed as methods for a cure. The emphasis in healing has always been on prayer, even in conjunction with secular medicine. St. Basil says "do not forget that without God there is no healing for anyone," and, "Those who resort to physicians, may they resort to them while relying on God, saying: 'It is in the name of God that we entrust ourselves to physicians, believing that He will grant us healing through them."
Thus the emphasis in the writings of the fathers has always been placed on healing in conjunction with prayer and awe at the Lord's miracles. The illnesses of the body are never attended to without attention to the illnesses of the soul, which are far more paramount. And the sanctity of the body, as the temple of the Holy Spirit, must always be respected and honored by the physicians and the patients.
Current Orthodox Positions
It is this sanctity that must be considered in organ donation and transplantation. This sanctity must be respected by all parties involved, be they doctor, donor, recipient, or bystanders such as relatives and friends. And while this is still a controversial topic about which the Orthodox Church as a whole has no unified stance, there are several factors that noted theologians insist must be considered if the donation of organs is to be carried out in a Christian manner, with full respect for the bodies and souls of both donor and recipient.
All parties should consider the matter in prayer and in consultation with their spiritual father. As the body and soul are one, both must be ministered to. While the power of reason and human effort should not be put aside in efforts to heal the sick, nor should the Lord's power to heal be forgotten. St. James says "Is anyone among you suffering? Let him pray. Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing psalms. Is anyone among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer of faith will save the sick, and the Lord will raise him up. And if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven." (James 5:13-15 NKJ) This must be the first of all considerations when contemplating the possibility of organ donation.
Donation of an organ should always be an uncoerced act of love. To willingly give of one's life for God or neighbor is the ultimate expression of this love. "Greater love has no one than this, than to lay down one's life for his friends" (John 15:13 NKJ). This self-sacrificing Christian love for one's neighbor should be the motivation for such a decision, emulating the sacrifice of Christ Himself. Therefore, such a decision should never be made on the basis of coercion, nor should it be reduced to a transaction of any kind (such as for money).
So that the giving and receiving of life through such a donation should always be an act of love, and so the body's sanctity be considered and respected, theologians note that the following factors are of vital importance when prayerfully considering such a procedure.
- All other medical treatments should first be considered and attempted, such that a donation and transplant is a last resort remedy for the afflicted person.
- Specific therapeutic goals, such as the prolonging or saving of the recipient's life should be at the forefront, not medical experimentation or curiosity, or political and/or economic gain.
- The benefits and risks should be taken into account and weighed carefully. No donor is morally obligated to give of himself when it may risk his or her life or wellbeing. At the same time, the quality of life of the recipient prior to and following the transplant must be taken into consideration with the risks and benefits. Organ donation and transplantation should only be done to improve the quality of life for the recipient.
- Various national Orthodox synods differ on their stance on life-ending donation of one's organs. For example, The Church of Romania states that no donor may end his or her life to donate an organ (such as a heart), even if it is done to save another's life. To them, such an act is tantamount to suicide and is unacceptable. However, The Church of Greece states strongly that a life-ending donation denotes an act of self-sacrificing love, citing "by this we know love, that He laid down His life for us; and we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren" (1 John 3:16 NKJ). This is a perfect example of why the consultation of one's spiritual father is essential in making such an important decision.
- On the subject of transplantations of artificial organs, xenografts (processed animal organs), or cloned organs, again the synods differ. The Church of Greece has not yet established an official position on this subject, saying that more research must be done before the Church can voice Her opinion. The Church of Romania explicitly states that no transplant is permitted that changes or confuses the nature of the recipient. For example, animal parts such as pig heart valves transplanted into a human body would be unacceptable. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America states clearly that no transplant should ever "place in jeopardy the identity of the donor or recipient, such as the use of animal organs."
- Donation must be done with the rights of the patients and families in mind. Willing and informed consent must be given by the donor and recipient, or by family members (with legal rights) acting on behalf of a patient who is unable to give consent themselves. In such a case, the rights and wishes of the patients should always be considered first, as well as their best interests both spiritually and physically. Interestingly, The Church of Greece notes that an organ donation made with the consent of family members (when the donor is unable to give consent), transfers the sacrificial virtue of donation to the consenting relatives. This is because the effect that love for a family member has can make such a decision to donate the body of a loved one even harder than donating one's own body.
- As organ donation must be done with express consent, the donation of cells or tissues from an embryo is unacceptable. An embryo is a living being, and is unable to give consent. Therefore, such a procedure should not be allowed.
Additionally, in the case of heart transplants and lung transplants, it should be noted that some Orthodox theologians and hierarchs have objected to such transplants on the basis that the heart and lungs have deeper theological meaning for the body. As well, these transplants do not yet have a high rate of success, which should be considered as a valid moral criterion with reference to potential procedures.
While The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America has not issued a formal statement or official stance on matters such as this, it does offer some guidelines in the links found below. The Church of Greece, however, stresses the importance of the act of willing donation by the donor as an act of love which is far more important than the act of receiving by one in need of organs, stating, "The spiritual benefit of the donor is greater than the biological gain of the recipient to the same extent as the soul is superior to the body. 'It is more blessed to give than to receive.' (Acts 20:35 NKJ)"
The Church of Greece also emphasizes that the doctors involved should perform such life saving acts with humility, seeing themselves as instruments of God, and that the recipient of such a wonderful gift as an organ should see themselves as blessed by God, and receive humbly the gift that is being given to them, and realize that the greater act is the virtue of donation from the immortal soul of the donor, rather than the receipt of a body part for one's biological, mortal body.
Pastoral Considerations and Concerns
While some believe that organ donation is a desecration of the temple of the Holy Spirit, others believe that it is a wonderful, self-sacrificial way of showing love for God and neighbor. Though there are differing perspectives on the matters within the Church as a whole, they are all united in emphasizing that, when weighing such a heavy decision, it is absolutely imperative to consult a spiritual father, and pray unceasingly on the matter. As Orthodox Christians, we are called to faith in Christ, who is the Physician of our souls. He has given us the gift of life, and the sanctity of that gift should always be at the forefront of the minds of doctors, patients, families, and spiritual fathers, when that gift of life and love is passed on through the free giving of an organ for the benefit of one's brother. "So let each one give as he purposes in his heart, not grudgingly or of necessity; for God loves a cheerful giver" (2 Corinthians 9:7 NKJ).
External links
- Pastoral Guidelines: Church Positions Regarding the Sanctity of Human Life by Rev. Dr. Stanley S. Harakas (GOARCH)
- Resources in preparation for dying, death and burial (PDF) (p.15) from the St. Nicholas Orthodox Church (OCA) in Portland, Oregon
- The Gift of Life by Laryssa Grinenko (Jun. '02) (Antiochian)
- Ask Abouna (with Fr. Anthony Yazge) regarding organ donation (Antiochian)
- The commerce of human body parts: an Eastern Orthodox response - by Fr. Reardon
- How Much Is A Kidney Worth? by Abraham McLaughlin, Ilene R. Prusher, and Andrew Downie
- Basic Positions of the Ethics of Transplantation by the Holy Synod of The Church of Greece, Bioethics committee
- Transplantul De Organe by the Church of Romania
- Orthodox Christian Beliefs and Practices by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada
- The Theology of Illness by Jean-Claude Larchet (St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2002)
- The Birth of the Hospital in the Byzantine Empire by T.S. Miller (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985)
- For The Health of Body and Soul: An Eastern Orthodox Introduction to Bioethics by Fr. Stanley Harakas (Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 1980)
- Homilies on First Corinthians by St. John Chrysostom
- Letter 327 by St. Basil the Great
- Letter 508 by St. Basil the Great
- Against Heresies by St. Irenaeus of Lyons


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I also blurt out random things on the blog
Trips to Egypt, Scotland, Paris, and Ireland with a few thousand photos and more information than you can shake a stick at. Planning, travelogue, photos, links.
Turn-of-the-century household management, etiquette, science, and social advice. Interesting views of 19th century sensibilties. Interesting and...amusing.
Kingdom by kingdom, dynasty by dynasty - every Pharaoh from Menes to Cleopatra, in ocd-like detail.
Learning Irish Gaelic (Gaeilge) resources and links, the sounds or Irish, and a few antique courses
Our old house adventures, plus info on how to deal with plaster walls, brick houses, and old house living. Why I am an old-house bigot, and more (hopefully) useful info.
http://www.iaomc.org noorinfo.com
Finding and picking a puppy, how much it costs, and what you should (and should not!) feed your dog.
A strange collection of strange stuff seating charts for royalty, how to wear a kilt, victorian etiiquette rules


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Drummer Yoshida Tatsuya's amazing improvising progressive rock band Korekyojinn in a CD and DVD release with guests including Hoppy Kamiyama and Uchihashi.
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Shipping Weight: 4.00 units
Sample The Album:
Natsuki Kido-guitar
Mitsuru Nasuno-electric bass
Tatsuya Yoshida-drums
Uchihashi Kazuhisa-guitar (3, 4)
Hoppy Kamiyama-keyboards and vocal (5, 6)
Click an artist name above to see in-stock items for that artist.
DVD: NTSC, region free, color, 12 chapters, 70 minutes 47 seconds
Label: Magaibutsu
Catalog ID: MGCDV-02
Squidco Product Code: 12341
Format: CD & DVD
Condition: New
Released: 2009
Country: Japan
Packaging: DVD snap case, slim line
DVD: Live at Manda-la 2, Kichijoji, Tokyo, June 16, 2004 (1-4); at Mission's, Koenji, Tokyo, June 11, 2008 (5-7); and at Goodman, Akihabara, Tokyo, November 21, 2008 (8-12). Audio recorded and mixed by Tatsuya Yoshida. Video edited by Sanrigan.
CD: Recorded live by Tatsuya Yoshida at Manda-la 2, Kichijoji, Tokyo, February 17, 2008 (1, 2) and October 16, 2006 (5, 6); and at Goodman, Akihabara, Tokyo, November 21, 2008 (3, 4). Mixed by Tatsuya Yoshida.
Drummer Yoshida Tatsuya's amazing improvising advanced rock band Korekyojinn in a CD and DVD release with guests including Hoppy Kamiyama and Uchihashi. The CD presents 6 tracks recorded live from 2006 - 2008 at three venues. On two tracks guitarist Uchihashi Kazuhisa joins the band, and keyboardist and vocalist Hoppy Kamiyama plays on another two. The DVD, edited by Sanrigan, is taken from three live concerts between 2004 and 2008. Complex, polyrhythmic and flushed with enthusiasm, Korekyojinn is one of the most forward thinking improvising rock bands on the planet, highly recommended.
DVD: NTSC, region free, color, 12 chapters, 70 minutes 47 seconds
Artist Biographies
• Show Bio for Mitsuru Nasuno "Born November 17, 1963, in Morioka, Iwate prefecture, Mitsuru Nasuno (那須野満, Nasuno Mitsuru) started playing the electric bass at the age of 17, and soon began playing rock music with friends from his high school. In 1981 Nasuno moved to Kyoto to attend Kyoto Sangyo University, where he joined student bands and played in a variety of pop styles - hard rock, new wave, funk, and so on. He even joined a university big band, and for a time took double bass lessons in order to play big band jazz. After graduation, Nasuno played in several rock- and funk-oriented bands, such as Schwarz. It was during this period (in 1989) that he met drummer Yasuhiro Yoshigaki, who, with guitarist Kazuhisa Uchihashi, was planning to form a trio that would have a sound similar to that of the group Power Tools (Bill Frisell, Melvin Gibbs, and Shannon Jackson). Yoshigaki invited Nasuno to join him and Uchihashi, and about a year later - in April 1990 - the trio Altered States gave their first concert, in Kyoto. For the first three years after the group formed, Nasuno felt unsure about how to adapt his playing style to the ideas of the other members, and he often thought about quitting; but eventually he overcame these difficulties and hit his stride. At first the pieces played by Altered States were mainly based on Uchihashi's compositions. Over time, improvisation made up a greater and greater proportion of their music, and now their live performances are entirely improvised. Soon after the launching of Altered States, Nasuno became very interested in noise music. In 1993 he and drummer Toru Sanjo formed a band called the Mugamps, which made extensive use of odd rhythms and noise. The band remained together for about a year. In the same period, Nasuno was also a member (for a year) of the underground music band Amaryllis. Through his activities with Altered States, Nasuno came to be known on the improvised music scene in Japan. In 1994 he became a member, along with Yoshigaki and Uchihashi, of turntable and guitar player Otomo Yoshihide's group Ground-Zero. The group's other members at the time were drummer Masahiro Uemura and bassist Masaki Shimizu (soon to be replaced by sampler player Sachiko M). In '97, Nasuno joined drummer Akira Sotoyama's group Manzokuyama (the other members of which are sax player Naruyoshi Kikuchi and guitarist Akihiro Ishiwatari); and in '98 he participated in drummer Tatsuya Yoshida's trio Korekyojinn, with guitarist Natsuki Kido. In 1996, Nasuno moved his base of activity from Kyoto to the Tokyo area. In June of '98 he brought together five younger musicians (an alto sax player, two guitarists, a drummer, and a percussionist) and relaunched his band the Mugamps, whose first gig, in Tokyo, featured two guest musicians (a guitarist and a keyboard player). Since 1993, as a member of Altered States and Ground-Zero, Nasuno has made several concert trips to Europe ('93, '95 and '97) and North America ('95). Among the musicians he has played with are Kazutoki Umezu (reeds), Koichi Makigami (voice), Seiichi Yamamoto (guitar), Atsushi Tsuyama (bass and guitar), Yamatsuka Eye (voice), Tenko (voice), Shuichi Chino (keyboards), Michiyo Yagi (koto), Yumiko Tanaka (shamisen), Hoppy Kamiyama (keyboards), Jon Rose (violin), Ned Rothenberg (reeds), Samm Bennett (percussion), Martin Tetreault (turntables), Leonid Soybelman (guitar and vocal), Jane Scarpantoni (cello), Hugo Fattoruso (keyboards), and Thomas Buckner (vocal)." ^ Hide Bio for Mitsuru Nasuno • Show Bio for Tatsuya Yoshida "Tatsuya Yoshida, born in Kitakami, Iwate is a Japanese musician; drummer and composer who is the only consistent member of the renowned progressive rock duo Ruins, as well as Koenji Hyakkei. He is also a member of the progressive rock trios Korekyojinn and Daimonji. Outside his own groups, Yoshida is renowned for his tenure as drummer in the indie progressive group YBO2, a band also featuring guitarist KK Null, whom he also joins in the current line up of Zeni Geva and he has played drums in a late edition of Samla Mammas Manna. He has been cited as "[the] indisputable master drummer of the Japanese underground". Along with his participation in bands, he has also released several solo recordings." ^ Hide Bio for Tatsuya Yoshida • Show Bio for Hoppy Kamiyama "Hoppy Kamiyama (ホッピー 神山, Hoppī Kamiyama, born 1960) is a Japanese keyboardist and music producer who has worked with artists such as eX-Girl, The Pugs, Bradford Reed, Bill Laswell, Jan Linton, Marc Ribot, Hugh Hopper/Elton Dean and Damo Suzuki.Biography His record company, God Mountain, was named after the English translation of his family name. God Mountain was established in 1993 after his frustration with EMI pulling two of his albums from sale. Kamiyama cites Mauricio Kagel, Luciano Berio, Iannis Xenakis and Karlheinz Stockhausen as his influences - artists with a "bizarre sense and distorted feel and touch". His nickname is derived from Hoppy, a cheap Japanese liquor that he drank during his early professional musician days." ^ Hide Bio for Hoppy Kamiyama
Have a better biography or biography source? Please Contact Us so that we can update this biography.
Have a better biography or biography source? Please Contact Us so that we can update this biography.
Have a better biography or biography source? Please Contact Us so that we can update this biography.
Track Listing:
1. Magnetic Pole 17:33
2. Nonobservance 11:45
3. Vothqrassent 11:24
4. Palljimgrahana 7:47
5. Guru Zakun Kin Kan 24:11
6. Surabaya 4:26
1. Arabesque 5:34
2. Betwixt 5:39
3. Doldrum 5:59
4. You Know What You Like 3:20
5. Four Holes in the Sky 4:11
6. On Reflection 4:52
7. Freestone 5:31
8. Poet and Peasant 7:17
9. Tundra 6:38
10. Lebanon 6:03
11. Swan Dive 8:12
12. Isotope 7:03
Rock and Related
Progressive Rock
Japanese & Asian Improv/Rock
Improvised Rock
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BERLIN- Stephen Decatur's varsity football team fell to visiting Kent Island, 35-7, last week, continuing a tough stretch against Bayside North powerhouses while falling to 1-4 on the season.
When the 2010 schedule came out, the Seahawks likely knew their season would be defined by a three-game stretch against traditional Bayside North division opponents in late September and early October, and thus far the worst case scenario has played out. The Seahawks fell to Kent Island, 35-7, last Friday after getting beat by Queen Annes, 35-0, and North Caroline, 52-24.
Decatur started well on defense last Friday, stopping Kent Island on the Buccaneers' first possession, but that was as good as it would get for the Seahawks. After stopping Decatur on three plays, Kent Island went on a methodical drive from midfield that included 12 plays and took over five minutes off the clock. The Buccaneers then punched it on a nine-yard touchdown run to take an early lead.
On the next Decatur possession, Decatur faced a third down play when quarterback Tyler Hartrim went back to pass. Hartrim was blitzed on the play and sacked, and was called for intentional grounding. To add injury to insult, Hartrim hurt his leg on the play and did not return in the game, severely limiting what the Seahawks could do on offense.
Kent Island added a 22-yard scoring run and a one-year touchdown dive just before the half to take a 21-0 lead into intermission. The lone bright spot for Decatur in the second half was a 75-yard touchdown run by D.J. Kee about halfway through the fourth, ending a scoring drought that went back nearly eight quarters. Kee finished with 137 yard rushing on 14 carries in the game.


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Home Refinance Denver
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For Healthcare & Career Professionals
Professional Testing That Fits Your Busy Schedule
Pearson VUE & Computer-Based Testing (CBT)
Who is Pearson VUE?
Pearson VUE is the global leader in computer-based testing for IT, academic, government and professional programs. In 2011, Pearson VUE delivered over 10 million tests worldwide. A business of Pearson, the company manages the world's largest, most secure test center network which is comprised of over 5,000 centers in more than 175 countries.
Who is Pearson?
Pearson is the world's leading education company. From pre-school to high school, early learning to professional certification, its curriculum material, multimedia learning tools and testing programs help educate more than 100 million people globally. Pearson's businesses also include the Financial Times Group, one of the world's leading business information companies and the world-famous publishers, the Penguin Group.
For which IT companies does Pearson VUE deliver computer-based tests?
Pearson VUE delivers industry-recognized computer-based tests on behalf of some of the world's leading IT companies. A complete list can be found at http://www.pearsonvue.com/programs/.
Are computer-based exams considered more credible than pencil and paper-based exams?
Pearson VUE applies robust security measures to ensure not only exam credibility, but client and candidate credibility, too. In addition to being more secure, computer-based testing is considered the most efficient and effective way to assess.
Wouldn't it be quicker to write rather than type answers?
Most candidates use a computer every day, whether at home or at work, and find it quicker to answer questions using CBT. The method also allows them to edit their answers quickly and clearly; thereby reducing ambiguity and allowing for faster exam scoring.
What if my PC crashes halfway through my exam or there is a power outage in the center?
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How does Pearson VUE ensure test centers are secure and distraction-free?
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Can computer-based IT exams only be taken during certain times of the year?
Most exams can be sat on-demand, allowing candidates to test throughout the year at a date and location most convenient to them.
How long will it take to find out my results?
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How does Pearson VUE accommodate disabled candidates?
Each Pearson VUE test center complies with disability-related legislation. Most centers are equipped with separate rooms and offer facilities such as height adjustable desks.


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Transactions With Persons Other Than Clients
[1] A lawyer is required to be truthful when dealing with others on a client's behalf, but generally has no affirmative duty to inform an opposing party of relevant facts. A misrepresentation can occur if the lawyer incorporates or affirms a statement of another person that the lawyer knows is false. Misrepresentations can also occur by partially true but misleading statements or omissions that are the equivalent of affirmative false statements. For dishonest conduct that does not amount to a false statement or for misrepresentations by a lawyer other than in the course of representing a client, see Rule 8.4.
Statements of Fact
[2] This Rule refers to statements of fact. Whether a particular statement should be regarded as one of fact can depend on the circumstances. Under generally accepted conventions in negotiation, certain types of statements ordinarily are not taken as statements of material fact. Estimates of price or value placed on the subject of a transaction and a party's intentions as to an acceptable settlement of a claim are ordinarily in this category, and so is the existence of an undisclosed principal except where nondisclosure of the principal would constitute fraud. Lawyers should be mindful of their obligations under applicable law to avoid criminal and tortious misrepresentation.
Crime or Fraud by Client
[3] Under Rule 1.2(d), a lawyer is prohibited from counseling or assisting a client in conduct that the lawyer knows is criminal or fraudulent. Paragraph (b) states a specific application of the principle set forth in Rule 1.2(d) and addresses the situation where a client's crime or fraud takes the form of a lie or misrepresentation. Ordinarily, a lawyer can avoid assisting a client's crime or fraud by withdrawing from the representation. Sometimes it may be necessary for the lawyer to give notice of the fact of withdrawal and to disaffirm an opinion, document, affirmation or the like. In extreme cases, substantive law may require a lawyer to disclose information relating to the representation to avoid being deemed to have assisted the client's crime or fraud. If the lawyer can avoid assisting a client's crime or fraud only by disclosing this information, then under paragraph (b) the lawyer is required to do so, unless the disclosure is prohibited by Rule 1.6.


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Dating a gorgeous 18 y.o. fashion model this guy always wanted to fuck her in the ass and now the wait is finally over with their first anal date being in full play. This hottie loves all kinds of sex and although her previous anal experiments never went past some gentle ass licking and cautious fingering this time she's ready to go all the way. Even the big cock her boyfriend has doesn't scare her away and once her narrow butthole fully relaxes and gets used to new sensations the pleasure excee.
Date: October 11, 2019