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The Making of a 90Km Wireless Link for Mfangano Island's High-Speed Internet Access
- Posted by Inveneo on August 15, 2012 in the categories: Education, Healthcare, News, Projects, Sectors
Mfangano Island now has a 1Mbps Internet connection. For those of you reading this over a high-speed cable, DSL, or fiber connection in a developed country this may not sound terribly impressive. However, when you consider the four major challenges we had to overcome to bring this meg of data to a remote island nestled at the mouth of Winam Gulf in Lake Victoria, you might think again as to the level of this accomplishment:.
- A small local NGO that had never before worked in the telecom space had to figure out how to design and build a tower that could be welded by local craftsmen to tight technical specifications
- The tower they built supports one end of a 90km wireless link (60% of which is over water), pushing the limits of long-distance WiFi's capabilities
- The whole operation is powered by a hybrid solar/wind electrical system, because no other power is available at the tower site
- Finally, every single piece of equipment required to put this all together had to be ferried to the island in a small wooden boat and hand carried up a grueling two hour hike
How it all began
I am Andris Bjornson, Inveneo's CTO and I first met the staff of the small Kenyan NGO Organic Health Response (OHR) two years ago when OHR asked Inveneo's Eric Blantz to have Inveneo come to Mfangano Island to conduct a survey to assess creative options for bringing Internet to the island.
When OHR's director and founder Chas Salmen started the organization, his first meetings were on a beach where he gathered ideas about what issues Mfangano Islanders felt were most important. One thing kept coming up over and over again: "We want Internet." And so Chas focused OHR's energies on brining Internet to Mfangano Island in a way that would help the local population.
Cellular data coverage is generally good in Kenya. By "good" I mean that in urban centers you often find 3G speeds, and that slower EDGE data is fairly widespread in the countryside. Mfangano Island is an exception. It lies 50 km off the Kenyan shore of Lake Victoria, and providers have been hesitant to build towers on the island because of its remoteness and the unique challenges of making long links work over water. Instead, Islanders must rely on distant mainland cell towers, resulting in connections that continually drop out, and speeds that are slow for one user, and truly glacial when shared among multiple computers.
On that initial survey, I hiked Mfangano from top to bottom with Robinson Okeyo and Brian Mattah. I conducted a standard Inveneo wireless survey: taking GPS points, pictures and notes. I learned that the highest point on the Island was considered sacred ground (and obviously an inappropriate place for an antenna) because it was where the very first man to inhabit Mfangano built his house. I saw beautiful Kenyan sunsets across rustling maize fields, with the expanse of Lake Victoria as a backdrop.
The OHR model
The main thing I came away from our initial survey with, was a deep respect for OHR. I have never met another small NGO with as much heart as OHR. Every member of the OHR team I worked with, most born and raised on Mfangano, is committed to the success of the organization on a very personal level.
OHR is primarily focused on delivering social services to the community around HIV/AIDS issues. Kenya's Suba district has one of the highest HIV infection rates in Kenya, estimated to be between 25-30%.
OHR came up with the unique idea to start the Ekialo Kiona (EK) center. Ekialo Kiona means "Whole World" in Suba, the local language of Mfangano Island. The EK center is a well-equipped computer center, library, and training facility, and it's free for all the residents of the island to use.
The only condition for access is that users must know their HIV status, current within 6 months. The EK center runs a testing and counseling center in the building across the hall from the computer lab, and issues identity cards to all EK center members. These cards not only grant access to the EK centers resources, but also help with the process of referring HIV positive members to the right treatment and care facilities.
Building the tower
Returning from the survey visit, I plugged the GPS points I'd captured into RadioMobile, the open source link planning software Inveneo uses to do WiFi analysis. RadioMobile uses freely available terrain data captured by the space shuttle to create a three dimensional view of the project area. It combines that with radio propagation models to let us analyze possible antenna locations for WiFi links.
Based on this analysis, Inveneo came up with two options for OHR: lease space on a Kenyan cell provider's tower on the mainland, or build their own 20m mast high on Mfangano's Soklo Mountain, and attempt a whopping 90km link all the way back to the province capitol city of Kisumu where high speed internet is readily and affordably available.
OHR, wanting to invest in small Island welders and fabricators as much as possible and to avoid the recurring costs of leasing a tower, chose the second option. OHR also found the mast construction option attractive because it would enable them to setup a community FM radio station to inform Islanders about their services. I have to admit; at the time I was skeptical of OHR's ability to pull together a 20m mast safe enough for me or other Inveneo engineers to install equipment on, and to get it in exactly the right spot. Then again, I didn't know OHR's determination and work ethic as well then as I do now.
With Inveneo's advice, OHR took on negotiations for the land we'd identified as the "sweet spot" for the tower. Sorting that out involved discussions with the father who owned the land and his two sons he'd divided it between. OHR's local buy-in was critical here, as we later found a large Kenyan cellular provider had tried and failed to negotiate a land use deal with the farmer. OHR also secured an agreement with the owner of the tallest building in Kisumu to mount a pole and dish on their roof.
OHR did research and consulted with mechanical engineers to come up with a design that could be built by Island welders in 10ft sections. These sections would later be carried up the only footpath to the top of the Island, bolted together, and fitted with tight guy wires.
OHR next had to learn about proper grounding of radio masts. For obvious reasons, tall metal objects on high points tend to attract lightning. Tower grounding involves building a copper cage of sorts out of multiple rings of copper wire buried at the base of the tower. A lightning rod must be mounted high on the tower, and tied into the copper cage. This is essential to be sure sensitive electronic equipment on the tower survives lightning strikes unharmed.
The final step before construction could begin was to sort through the regulatory issues, and particularly in Kenya this is no small feat. Communications, aviation, and environmental regulatory agencies had to be contacted, forms had to be filled out, and fees had to be paid.
OHR navigated all these hurdles with remote technical input from Inveneo and many others, but to keep costs down and to make sure the OHR team was intimately familiar with the details of the project, OHR local staff handled the bulk of the discussions and negations.
A unique wind/solar power system
With the tower in place, OHR just needed electricity. After all, there aren't exactly wall sockets sprouting out of the corn fields. Mfangano Island does have a small gas burning power plant (essentially a building sized gas generator). However, distribution wires and power poles haven't been run around the perimeter of the Island yet, let alone to the top of Soklo Mountain. Kenya Power could be paid to install the wires to the mountaintop, but install fees would be enormous, and maintenance would have been extremely challenging.
OHR enlisted the help of a Kisumu-based organization Access Energy, started by Sam Duby. Inveneo has always prioritized low power equipment, and the WiFi gear we needed to install at the tower would only require 24 watts to operate 24/7. However, FM radio transmitters are a different story and are inherently power-hungry. Access Energy built a hybrid solar/wind system consisting of a panel and two locally fabricated wind turbines. Sam's turbine mast design uses hinged, guyed monopoles. These are far easier to put up than climbable masts because turbines can be assembled before the whole pole is tilted into place. This doesn't work for WiFi, though, because high gain dishes must be carefully aimed by a person on the tower to ensure a strong signal.
Preparing the WiFI connection
With all the prerequisites in place (tower, licensing, power), it was now time for Inveneo and our Kenyan ICIP Setright Technologies to deliver on our promise to get the WiFi link up. I definitely had a few butterflies when it came time to deploy. I knew the science was sound, but long WiFi links over water present unique challenges.
Water and land heat and cool at different rates. This in turn keeps the air above at different temperatures. Every time radio waves cross a temperature boundary, they bend slightly. As the air temperature changes throughout the day, this can make the ideal antenna position for, say, 6am vastly different from the ideal position at 6pm. Talking to others, it seemed that one of the key factors was whether the ends of the link were high up (good) or very close to the edge of the water (bad). In this case we were in luck, because both ends of the Mfangano-Kisumu link were quite high above the water.
Inveneo uses wireless equipment primarily from an innovative California-based company called Ubiquiti. Ubiquiti gear is rugged, easy to use, high performance, and at a far lower price point than many more traditional telco manufacturers equipment. Inveneo selected Ubiquiti equipment for the Haiti Rural Broadband Network that spans 30+ towers across virtually the whole country of Haiti.
For the OHR project, we chose Ubiquiti's RocketM5 radio paired with their largest dish: the .9 meter, 34 dBi RocketDish. We fitted the dish with a radome: an aerodynamic cover that turns it from a wind-catching scoop into a smooth bubble. This change in wind resistance literally cuts the wind loading on the tower in half: a critical factor when putting such a large dish at the top of a skinny-guyed mast.
I've come to realize recently that something like 85% of implementing ICT projects in developing countries is proper logistics. The technical work itself isn't all that challenging, but if you get to a place like Mfangano and find you don't have the proper tool or spare piece of gear, you can quickly find yourself in a non-workable situation.
Once the equipment arrived in Nairobi, Setright shipped it to Kisumu. Sam Perales, one of Inveneo's Project Engineers, and I traveled to Kisumu in late May this year to install the link. The plan was for Sam to remain at the Kisumu end of the link, managing the team installing the dish on top of the 18-story Province Headquarters building. Inveneo has learned from experience that with any link over about 40km, it's key to have teams at both ends simultaneously to fine-tune the aiming. We found once we arrived in Kisumu that the 18 story building had never been fitted with elevators, so Sam's team had to carry hefty pelican cases and the large dish up 18 flights of stairs. Sorry Sam!
I can honestly say Mfangano is one of the most remote places I've ever been. To reach Mfangano Island from Kisumu, I traveled by SUV to Luanda Kotieno, and from there by small car ferry to a spit of land called Mbita. The last hour from Mbita to Mfangano is done by wooden fishing boat. For the final two hours to the top of Soklo Mountain, travel by foot up the rugged footpath through the jungle is the only option. It's a journey that's challenging without a few hundred pounds of tools and equipment. Adding that in it makes for hot, sweaty work.
OHR rounded up a group of 6 strong guys to help us get the gear up to the tower. I can only imagine what it was like to carry the even heavier tower sections up there. OHR's project coordinator, Robinson, was a whirlwind of activity as he arranged all aspects of moving the equipment. His rapid fire approach has earned him the nickname "Marucha" (speedy, in the Luo local language) and it's certainly an apt moniker.
Day 1 of making the 90Km WiFi connection
With myself, Edwin (an engineer from Setright), the OHR team, and all the right equipment finally at the base of the tower, it was time to get to work. From our time in Haiti, and our recent month long deployment of a medical records network for AMPATH (also in Kenya, further north) we've got this part of wireless installation down pat, and the work flows smoothly. We have beautiful sunny weather and a cool lake breeze that's pleasant up on top of the tower.
Through our partnership with the tower safety experts Petzl, Inveneo has learned a few tricks for rigging hauling systems that makes the task of getting a heavy dish to the top of the tower easier so that went like clockwork. Through Petzl's generous support, we were also able to donate a climbing safety kit to OHR and train them on its use. This will enable the OHR team to safely carry out any necessary repairs or replacements.
The physical part of the install (hoisting the gear, bolting it to the tower, running the cable, and so on) is by far the most time consuming aspect of wireless work. This, and dealing with a few unexpected wrinkles involving malfunctioning power inverters and poles that were too short to hold our dish, took the whole first day.
OHR has two jovial guys assigned to their "emergency team." The emergency team is the fix-all troubleshooters. In this case, the emergency team was tasked with carrying up a spare inverter and a backup generator from the base of the Island. "Spare" isn't actually quite the right word. I learned later that the inverter they sent up came straight from OHR founder Chas Salmen's personal tent, so Chas and his partner, OHR's Agriculture Coordinator Jenna, would be without power at night until the permanent replacement could be arranged. Thanks Chas and Jenna!
With day one complete, we headed back down the trail at 6pm finishing the steep hike by headlamp-light. I was excited to know that the following day would be the moment of truth when we would light up the link back to Kisumu and finally see what kind of performance we'd be able to deliver.
Day 2 of making the 90Km WIFI connection
The second day's hike was harder than the first, largely due to sore muscles from the day before. Edwin had the bad luck of having bought new shoes just before the trip and was fighting blisters. Fortunately, we'd been able to leave the gear in the small shed at the base of the tower so we were less encumbered at least.
Edwin manned the laptop in the equipment shed, communicating with me on the tower with our Motorola VHF radios. We picked these up for our Haiti work because they're the standard that tie in with the UN's radio networks around the world, and they'd come in handy recently on our Dadaab deployment. Amazingly, I was also able to reach Sam in Kisumu 90 km away on the VHF radio. This proved extremely helpful as I could coordinate with both Edwin and Sam in realtime.
We powered up the Ubiquiti radios, got them to connect to each other almost right away, and did a little fine-tuning. This is a painstaking process that takes a lot of patience. It involves the engineer at the base of the tower reading out signal strength numbers as the man on the tower makes minute adjustments to the dish. It's proven one of the hardest skills to pass on to our partners, and the amount of precision required goes up as the link distance increases. On the OHR project, aiming went very smoothly since Edwin mastered the skill.
I called down from the tower to ask Edwin what final signal strength we'd settled on once everything was locked in. When the answer came back "-52 dBm" I could hardly believe it, and had to ask him to repeat himself. dBm is a measure of received signal strength. The less negative the number the better the signal. I'd been expecting something in the mid-70s or so, and to hear -52 was incredible. That was the moment when we knew for sure that we'd have a stable, high-bandwidth link to the island, and it was hugely gratifying.
Turning on Mfangano's Internet link
After coming down the tower, we finished the equipment room installation, did final configuration of the router and monitoring server, and tidied things up. The monitoring server is an important part of any wireless network, as it lets you look at statistics on performance of the network captured around the clock.
A few final tweaks to the router configurations were all it took to "switch on" the Internet link. The first thing I did to test the connection end-to-end was Google "Mfangano Island" and up popped a very responsive Google map. Robinson and Brian were impressed with how fast it updated as I zoomed in and out, switching on high-resolution satellite photos of the island.
Getting ready to leave a remote site for the last time is always a little nerve-wracking. You find yourself double and triple checking cables and connections, because you know leaving something unplugged would mean another long hike up to fix it. We again hiked down by headlamp, feeling a strong sense of satisfaction knowing the hardest work was out of the way.
Edwin and I spent our final day on the Island installing the EK center end of the short wireless link to the tower. It's the EK center where all the computers are and where the Internet bandwidth actually reaches the end-users. Fortunately we'd done our job right at the tower, and the link came right up when we pointed the small Ubiquiti NanoBridge up at Soklo Mountain tower. Edwin ran the installation, and things went smoothly. We also installed a local wireless access point (a Ubiquiti NanoStationM2) in the EK center to make sure laptops throughout the small campus could benefit from the internet).
The satisfaction of a job well done
When I fired up a speed test site on one of the EK center computers and measured a blistering fast 8Mbps, the eyes of all 6 people watching over my shoulder went wide. This is truly one of my favorite moments of a wireless installation: when the high-speed bandwidth reaches the end users for the first time. Word traveled fast, and the EK center's 10 computers were quickly full. I saw a lot of gMail, some Skype, a bit of Wikipedia, and some Google image searches in just the first 10 minutes.
After putting the finishing touches on the EK center installation, Edwin and I spent a few hours training Brian on the layout and maintenance of the network. We made sure pre-configured spares were handed off and hung a detailed diagram of the network to help with troubleshooting.
Climbing into the fishing boat and speeding away from the Island, I looked up at the Soklo Mountain tower. The large white dish glinted in the orange evening sun, clearly visible from a few km away. I talk a bit with Edwin about all the hard work over two years that AccessEnergy, Inveneo, SetRight, and especially by OHR invested in making that tower a reality…and we both smile. I'm excited to see where OHR takes this project next.
The FM transmitter installation is set to happen soon. OHR will be able to install the radio studio in the EK center, and to stream the audio up to the transmitter at the tower over the short wireless link. With the training and extra equipment we left behind, OHR is already talking about putting in a few more links to reach clinic and school sites on the Island. From what I've seen working on ICTD projects, perhaps the biggest factor in long term success or failure isn't technology: it's local ownership. Given what I know about the dedication of OHR's team, I expect this wireless network to be around for a long time


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Until this year, there were only two known breeding colonies of the Critically Endangered Chinese Crested Tern Sterna bernsteini: the Mazu Islands off the coast of Fujian, and the Wuzhishan Islands off Zhejiang.
However, this summer an innovative tern colony restoration project has apparently established another.
Earlier this year, a small island called Tiedun Dao in the Jiushan Islands – an archipelago where Chinese Crested Terns used to breed – was chosen for colony restoration. The restoration team expected it would take some years before there was any hope of attracting the birds back. Their plan was to use decoys and playback tern calls to initially attract Great Crested Terns Sterna bergii to Tiedun Dao. It was hoped that the Great Crested Terns would initially colonise the island, their numbers would then gradually grow, and that Chinese Crested Terns, which have always been found nesting within large colonies of Great Crested Terns, might eventually follow too.
Yet by late September, and at the first attempt, a substantial new colony of Great Crested Terns had arrived on Tiedun Dao, raised hundreds of young and, among them, at least one Chinese Crested Tern chick (below) also successfully fledged.
In early May 2013, a team from the Xiangshan Ocean and Fishery Bureau, the Jiushan Islands National Nature Reserve, the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History and Oregon State University cleared vegetation and placed 300 tern decoys on Tiedun Dao. Solar powered playback systems were installed among the decoys broadcasting contact calls of Great and Chinese Crested Terns from the Wuzhishan Islands colony.
A few Great Crested Terns visited during the first week in June and showed some initial nesting behaviour but only stayed a few days. This alone was considered a successful first season for the project. With no further signs of any visiting birds in the following five weeks, the breeding season was thought to be over and monitoring was suspended.
When another international team including members from BirdLife International, the Hong Kong Bird Watching Society, the Oregon State University, the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History and the Jiushan Islands National Nature Reserve visited in mid-July, they restarted the playback system. To their surprise and delight, almost immediately a few Great Crested Terns were attracted in and were seen flying above the decoys. Their numbers grew to several hundred within a few days and by the end of July a high count of 2,600 Great Crested Terns had been recorded and hundreds of pairs had laid eggs and begun incubation. Among them were 19 adult Chinese Crested Terns – the highest single count since the species' rediscovery in 2000. At least two pairs also laid eggs and initiated incubation. Despite typhoons, that made further monitoring difficult, by late September approximately 600 Great Crested Tern, and at least one Chinese Crested Tern chick, had successfully fledged.
Commenting on the recolonisation project, Mr Yu Mingquan, Deputy Director of the Xiangshan Ocean and Fishery Bureau, who is very pleased with its success, said, "We will do our best to ensure good management of the Jiushan Islands National Nature Reserve and we also hope to receive more support for the conservation of the tern colony here in Xiangshan."
"The success on Tiedun Dao is a landmark for contemporary conservation in this region." responded BirdLife's Senior Asia Conservation Officer, Simba Chan. "No one dared imagine that the first year of such a challenging restoration project would be so successful, it just goes to show what can happen with a good idea, strong local commitment and a bit of luck."
Jim Lawrence, BirdLife's Preventing Extinctions Programme Manager, also commented, "This is a wonderful example of the conservation success that can be achieved through coordinated international collaboration when it is backed by solid science, local enlightenment and strategic funding support. Congratulations to all concerned."
This BirdLife Preventing Extinctions Programme project is sponsored by several international funders including the Japan Fund for Global Environment, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Wildlife Without Borders), the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong and BirdLife International supporter – Mark Constantine. In China, the Xiangshan Ocean and Fishery Bureau, the Jiushan Islands National Nature Reserve and the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History provided vital match funding. These three Chinese organisations also coordinated conservation action in China and provided significant logistical support there that helped make the first year of the project such a resounding success.
Original article: http://www.birdlife.org/asia/news/china%E2%80%99s-rarest-seabird-benefits-colony-restoration

subset: commoncrawl


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In March 2007 he applied the Page 69 Test to Shotgun Opera. Now he has taken the novel through the "My Book, The Movie" exercise and has come up with these ideas for a film adaptation:
I forget who said it, but somebody remarked Shotgun Opera would make a cool John Woo film. I guess I don't have any problem with that. Shotgun Opera certainly has enough action. And it might have been excellent author J.D. Rhoades who said it reminded him of those Transporter films. That would be cool too. All of my novels have a cool dose of action, but it was Shotgun most of all that I wanted to have a "nonstop" feel, and so the above comparisons seem pretty good to me. If you took John Woo and a healthy pinch of that Robert Rodriguez quirkiness, I think you'd have it.Visit Victor Gischler's Blogpocalypse.
The protagonist of the book is a fellow named Mike Foley. Mike is in hiding now from him past life when he and his brothers hired out as freelance guns for the mob. Mike is in his mid-sixties, and I think Gabriel Byrne would be perfect for the part if he'd let the makeup artists age him by 10-12 years. I think he'd nail the part.
Casting the Three Sisters would be crucial and tricky. Nikki Enders (the oldest sister) needs to be somebody athletically kick-ass and in her mid-thirties. Hilary Swank? Hmmmmm. Maybe. Eva Longoria might make a good Middle Sister, and Baby sister needs to be some fierce-eyed, seventeen-year-old punk newcomer.
And let's not forget our carnival freaks. I'm not sure who should play Jack Sprat, but his Alligator-wrestling wife should definitely be played by wrestler Joanie Laurer.
I suppose most authors think their novels would make pretty good films. I'm no different. My first novel Gun Monkeys is currently under option and The Pistol Poets has been optioned previously. There are some folks looking at Suicide Squeeze right now. But so far not a lot of film interest in Shotgun Opera. I think it's a screenplay waiting to happen.
The Page 69 Test: Shotgun Opera.
--Marshal Zeringue


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Welcome to the weekly meme that celebrates the wonders and sometime hilarity of cats! Join us by posting a favorite LOL cat pic you may have come across, famous cat art or even share with us pics of your own beloved cat(s). It's all for the love of cats!
Link up over at True Book Addict to participate!


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This Gramercy White Cabinets are available from Affordable Cabinets New Hampshire. We provide Semi Custom Cabinets in New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts. These are quality Solid wood cabinets, Plywood cabinet Boxes and slow close dove tail drawers are also available.
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Quality Cabinets, Custom Installation, Affordable Prices
Gramercy White Cabinets
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BTG International Inc., the specialist healthcare company today announces the launch of Voraxaze® (glucarpidase) in the US. Voraxaze® is indicated for the treatment of toxic plasma methotrexate concentrations (>1 micromole per liter) in patients with delayed methotrexate clearance due to impaired renal function. Voraxaze® breaks down methotrexate into inactive metabolites which are then eliminated from the body by routes other than the kidney (primarily the liver). Voraxaze® is the first and only drug available to reduce toxic plasma methotrexate levels.
High dose methotrexate chemotherapy is used to treat or prevent the recurrence of certain cancers, including osteosarcoma, and certain leukemias, and lymphomas. Some patients treated with high dose methotrexate develop impaired kidney function, which leads to the accumulation of toxic levels of methotrexate in the blood resulting in clinical manifestations of toxicity.
The most common related adverse events in clinical trials were paresthesia (a sensation of tingling or burning on the skin), flushing, nausea, vomiting, hypotension and headache.
Further information on the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of methotrexate toxicity is available for US physicians in the US Healthcare Professional area of BTG's website, accessible through the link at the bottom of this press release.
BTG also announces that the company is partnering with ASD Healthcare, part of the AmerisourceBergen Corporation, to be the sole distributor for Voraxaze® in the US. Starting today 30 April 2012, ASD Healthcare is accepting customer orders for Voraxaze® at 1.855.7.VORAXAZE (1.855.786.7292) with on-call representatives to process orders 24-hours a day, 365 days a year.
Voraxaze® was approved earlier this year by the FDA under priority review, a designation that is given to therapies that offer major advances in treatment or provide a treatment where there is no adequate alternative therapy.
Voraxaze® is to be administered as a single intravenous injection of 50 Units per kg.
Safety Information
Most common adverse reactions (incidence >1%) were paresthesias, flushing, nausea and/or vomiting, hypotension and headache.
Healthcare providers should note that:
Methotrexate concentrations within 48 hours following glucarpidase administration can only be reliably measured by a chromatographic method due to interference from metabolites [4-deoxy-4-amino-N10-methylpteroic acid (DAMPA)]. Measurement of methotrexate concentrations within 48 hours of glucarpidase administration using immunoassays can overestimate the methotrexate concentration.
Leucovorin should not be administered within 2 hours before or after a glucarpidase dose because leucovorin is a substrate for glucarpidase.
For further information please contact:
Ashley Tapp, Communications Manager
Tel: +44 (0)20 7575 1513
Mobile: +44 (0)7790 811554


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Psalm 111:1-10
Praise the LORD. I will extol the LORD with all my heart in the council of the upright and in the assembly. Great are the works of the LORD; they are pondered by all who delight in them. Glorious and majestic are his deeds, and his righteousness endures forever. He has caused his wonders to be remembered; the LORD is gracious and compassionate. He provides food for those who fear him; he remembers his covenant forever. He has shown his people the power of his works, giving them the lands of other nations. The works of his hands are faithful and just; all his precepts are trustworthy. They are established for ever and ever, enacted in faithfulness and uprightness. He provided redemption for his people; he ordained his covenant forever— holy and awesome is his name. The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom; all who follow his precepts have good understanding. To him belongs eternal praise.
Psalms 111:1-10


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Deona Miller was born in the Republic of Cape Verde, an island country off the coast of Western Africa. Tough economic times during the decades following its independence from Portugal led many of its residents to emigrate to Europe and the Americas. At age four, Deona was one of those immigrants.
Unfortunately, her parents did not find the dreams they were seeking in America. The years between Deona's childhood and her teens were fraught with emotional and physical turmoil: her father's imprisonment and death, her mother's drug addiction, and abuse in the home. Deona moved from place to place, living with friends or relatives, ultimately becoming a ward of the state. At 16, working and struggling to get through high school, she went before the court. "I told the judge I didn't have the money to become emancipated. So I said, if I bring you proof of income, if I bring you my report card, will you please let me be out on my own? And he allowed it," she says with amazement.
But her struggles didn't end once she graduated from high school and went to work. Says Deona, "[College] wasn't part of the working world, and I never thought I would actually be able to go. But when I noticed that a lot of my peers were in school, I had a desire for more."
While working as a 911 dispatcher, Deona met a retired air traffic controller who told her she worked so well under pressure that she should consider it as a career. Says Deona, "I didn't even know what an air traffic controller was! So I looked into it and saw that I could get a four-year degree and have a career afterwards. There are only about 20 schools in the country that offer the program [in aeronautics], and Kent State is one of the top three."
The financial aid Deona received has made a tremendous difference in her life at Kent State. "My first year, I didn't really know about the resources available to me. I went to my advisor asking about books, because they were so expensive. I just didn't have the money," she says. "So he called me into his office one day and said he had some good news. He told me that I'd received an endowment [the Lillian Keller Endowment] to cover my books. I was just floored. I didn't apply for anything, I didn't ask. I'm so thankful. It helps so much."
Deona understands very well how important it is to give back. She says, "I want to be here, so to have the opportunity is awesome. I want to be able to give students who don't necessarily have the means a chance. I know how it is to want to do something but you can't because you have limitations. But giving back relieves some of those limitations. You never know how far a person can go. A lot of the time I just can't believe that I've made it this far, but I know that I wouldn't have been able to do it without help."
Each and every gift to Kent State University has an impact, no matter the size. Together, we can impact lives: our own, and others. To find out more, please visit www.GiveToKent.org."


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This genealogy site is focused on the Hill family tree, and related surnames. We also have a second geneology tree for people of native american ethnicity from any tribe in the United States or Canada.I don't have as much time as I would like to devtote to this website. If you are researching the Hill family, native american genealogy, or any of the the other families listed on this website, and would like to take over day to day operation, please contact us. You don't need to understand HTML. Many sections of our site use pop-ups to show additional information. If you use a pop-up blocker, add our domain to your Trusted Sites list, or else you can hold down your Control Key whenever you click a link for additional information, to override your pop-up blocker.We welcome your contributions or corrections to this site. To add your native american genealogy, or a family branch with a surname featured below, register for a free user account.
English Ancestors Find your ancestors from England. See if you are related to royalty. Learn the origin of your English name. Irish Ancestors Find your ancestors from Ireland. See if you are from noble or highland stock. Learn the origin of your Irish name. Scotish Ancestors Find your ancestors from Scotland. What clan are you descended from? Learn the origin of your Scottish name. Norwegian Ancestors Find your ancestors from Norway / Denmark. Which of the many kingdoms of Norway was your ancestor from? French Ancestors Search for your French lines in this collection of genealogy and family history databases and resources for France. .....More Countries
HILL Genealogy Resources for your Hill family tree research project. Genealogy pedigrees and group sheets back to 1334. RANGE Ancestors Range family history, census records, passenger lists, obituaries, military rosters, family pedigrees. COLBERT Ancestors Colbert genealogy records. Advice on searching for family history and genealogy for common names. SMALLWOOD Surname Free genealogy information. Smallwood DNA Projects, pedigrees, and pictures. HAILEY History Hailey headstones, cemetery records, pioneer journals. Hailey surname resources. REIENES Descendants Ancestors from Norway and Denmark, alternate name spellings. Where to find immigrant records. GENEALOGY TUTORIALS


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Microsoft Outlook is a professional email and calendar program that's been used by businesses for over 15 years. It's had many iterations over the years, but with 2016, and its integration with Office 365, Microsoft has taken Outlook to the next level. Today, small and medium-sized businesses that couldn't afford the enterprise-level application can now benefit from Outlook 2016.
The following are 3 ways to help you use Outlook 2016 more efficiently.
1. Keyboard Shortcuts
Using keyboard shortcuts in Outlook on Windows will help you work more efficiently. It's also handy for those who have mobility or vision disabilities because using keyboard shortcuts can often be easier than using a touchscreen or mouse. Here are some popular keyboard shortcuts you should try.
And there are more. Here are popular keyboard shortcuts for NAVIGATION:
When searching, try these handy keyboard shortcuts:
To create an item or a file keep these shortcuts in mind.
Shortcuts in Mail.
To see more Outlook 2016 Shortcuts go here.
2. Use Quick Steps
Right-click any email, choose Quick Steps and choose from the list.
We're going to choose Team Email. The first time we use this, Outlook asks you to name your team and enter their email addresses.
Then create a Keyboard Shortcut for this. So, the next time you hit Control Shift 1, an email to your entire team can be composed.
You can also create new Quick Step. Simply choose Create New Quick Step.
Here are some other Quick Steps to try: 1
- Move to Folder: This is essentially the same as Move To.
- Categorize & Move: This moves the selected message to a specific folder, marks the message as read, and assigns a category color and name to the message.
- Flag & Move: This moves the selected message to a specific folder, marks the message as read, and assigns a flag to the message.
- New Email To: This opens a New Message form with the To field already filled out with a particular recipient.
- Forward To: This is essentially the same as To Manager.
- New Meeting: If you often send meeting invites to the same group of people, use this Quick Step to open a New Meeting form with the To field already filled in with the invitees.
- Custom: This opens the Edit Quick Step dialog box so that you can create your own custom Quick Step.
3. Use Conditional Formatting
This is used to change the look of a particular email. You do this in the View Menu.
Here, we just click on Conditional Formatting and create an email called Microsoft.
Next, we choose a condition, where the word Microsoft appears anywhere in an email.
Then, we ask it to appear in a bold red font.
Now, any new email we receive with the word Microsoft in it will show up in red. This is a great way for us to recognize the importance of an email. You may want to do this for any email with your boss's name in it!
And, there are more ways you can get the most from Outlook 2016. Here are a few ideas:
- Change the color and contrast of Outlook: You can also use a picture or color as the background, add a text watermark to your emails.
- Customize emails with the fonts you prefer: Change the default font for various email messages you send, or a particular font for messages that you forward or reply to.
- Create signatures for your different email accounts: Create personalized signatures for your email messages: include text, images, your electronic business card, a logo, or even an image of your handwritten signature. Signatures can be added automatically to all outgoing messages, or you can choose which messages should use a particular signature.
- Setup sound alerts when new emails come in: A sound can play when a new email message arrives. The default sound is a short .wav audio file, but you can change it to any .wav file of your choice.
- Establish tracking options with delivery receipts: A delivery receipt confirms delivery of your email message to the recipient's mailbox.
- Use Outlook's templates for your messages or create your own: Use email templates to send messages that include information that rarely changes from message to message. You can also insert icons, photos, and tables into your messages.
- Embed voting buttons in your email to survey your recipients about a particular topic (such as, "When's the best date and time for a meeting?"): Voting buttons are an excellent way to poll people, especially when communicating with large groups.
- Use Quickparts to insert a standard set of words you often use: Use the Quick Parts Gallery to create, store, and locate content, including AutoText, document properties such as title and author, and fields.
- Clutter: This is where you can place low priority emails you want to read later. Clutter helps you filter these low-priority emails saving time for your most important messages. Office 2016 remembers "Clutter" emails if you want. If Clutter isn't for you, you can TURN IT OFF.
- Create folders and subfolders: You can base these on topics, senders, organizations, projects, etc.—Whatever works for you and organize your emails under the subjects you choose. Use folders in Outlook to move email messages, add a folder to your Favorites, and set a rule to move specific emails out of your inbox.
Outlook 2016 calendars have all the tools and functionality you've relied on in the past, with improved features to help you manage your time.
- Set up multiple calendars (e.g., personal, business, health, etc.).
- Create appointments quickly and share them with your contacts.
- Scheduling assistant lets you access others' calendars that you're authorized to view (and vice versa).
- Set reminders, reoccurring appointments/meetings, alerts, and more.
- View your calendar by day, week, month, and year.
- You can also import contacts to Outlook from other email providers using the Outlook Import/Export wizard. Import a CSV file, Excel spreadsheet, or vCard.
- Your contacts are linked to your email accounts, so you can simply key a name in the "To" field, and your contact's email address will appear.
- Set permission for a particular contact (delegate) to view your emails while you're on vacation. Plus, you can give this person access to your calendar, tasks, and so on, as appropriate. One delegate can take care of your email, another your tasks, etc.
- Always know how much space is left in your account.
- Notify those emailing you that you aren't available during a particular period with Out of Office. You set up a special message you want others to see.
- Even set up different messages for people inside or outside your organization. (Outlook will remind you that the "Out of Office" message is turned on, so you don't forget when you return.)
- As mentioned above, similar to having an assistant help you manage your incoming paper mail, you can use Microsoft Outlook to allow a delegate, to receive and respond to e-mail messages and meeting requests and responses on your behalf.
- You can also grant additional permissions that allow your delegate to read, create, or have more control over items in your Microsoft Exchange Server mailbox—And, set more than one delegate and permissions for various tasks.
Outlook 2016's task management helps you accomplish to-dos faster and easier.
- Categorize your tasks with color codes.
- Ping reminders for tasks.
- Check-off tasks when complete.
- Create tasks for others as well. Outlook integrates tasks with your emails so that you can assign a task to a recipient. The task will show up on their task list.
To learn more about how you can get the most from Outlook 2016 contact us.


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When You Hear of the Really Quiet People Making Over $250,000 Per Year, Here's What They Do…
Every day, week, month or year, someone is quietly banking a huge sum of money for doing something that many others are not involved in online. While the online IM crowd goes one way, these souls do nothing remotely connected to internet marketing or any other regular online activity. Yet, they do much less work and make far, far more money than many online entrepreneurs.
On this page, I'll show you what I do and how you can join me by doing the same thing systematically and consistently, getting away from the normal online grind. It means leaving behind everything you are probably used to doing online and getting ready to immerse yourself in a totally different world; a world you may never have considered looking into before.
What's On This Page...
What: What is Contract Commander?
Why: Escape from the usual boring stuff
Benefit: What you will receive by becoming a Contract Manager
Guarantee: How this offer is risk-free!
← Watch this video for an overview of dealing in contracts...
The Contract Commander Method is Responsible For Creating Hundreds of Thousands of Dollars For Each Contract Manager
A handful of contract managers in-the-know have been collecting upwards of $250,000 each and every year by doing very little in comparison to other online ventures.
Yet, you don't hear much about these people because what they do is not as sexy as being called an Internet Marketer or Online Entrepreneur. But the money they make far exceeds most other online ventures without the hassles and frustration that usually comes along with any online endeavor.
I too am a contract manager and I am currently living a lifestyle many would give their right arm for. You will notice that I have not posted pictures of fast cars or mansions because I don't believe in selling that way. However, the money in this business can easily buy those things many times over, if you are so inclined.
Being a contract manager allows me to work whenever I want and it doesn't even take up 2 hours of my day. This is the reason why it's so enjoyable. I wouldn't even classify it as work, because you're doing things you would normally do anyway.
Here's what I do…
I wake up in the morning and check a list that updates itself. Then I contact people on that list via Email, Skype or WhatsApp. I don't usually call them because that would interfere with my relaxed lifestyle.
After they respond, I arrange a hook-up between them and someone else.
- Does that sound exhausting?
- Does that sound like something that's complicated?
- Does that sound like something that would frustrate you?
- Does that sound like tedious work?
No, it's none of these things. It's really simple work and it provides me with a great deal of free time. This is the reason I was able to create this Contract Commander course. My free time allows me to indulge in other activities. In fact, I've just started to dabble in the financial markets with the money that I have made.
Continue to do whatever you are doing now
You can run this business in your spare time while you continue to do whatever you are doing now. That is good enough to start making a decent income as a part-time venture. When you gain traction, you can transition to making money this way exclusively, with no headaches or targets to meet.
You really don't have to be a genius or even have any special skills. If you can send an email or type a text, you are already qualified to become a contract manager.
As a Contract Manager, You'll Bank "Large Amounts" For Less Work
That's right. This business defies the axiom of getting-out what you put-in. As a contract manager, you'll work smarter rather than harder. Making $10,000 takes the same amount of effort as it does to make $250,000. So keep your efforts consistent and you will see a steady stream come your way.
This lifestyle is truly headache free. There is no need to talk with anyone (unless you want to) and you can take things at your own pace.
Usually there are no deadlines to race for because work runs along at a relaxing pace. In fact, sometimes it's so relaxed, you'll spend most of your day surfing the net or finding more opportunities to multiply your profits.
Really? An average of twenty grand plus per month living and working this way? Absolutely!
Are you still working online the old way?
If you're currently working online, are you sick of hearing about SEO or forum posting or paid advertising etc?
By now, I'm sure you're tired of doing the same old thing or hearing about the latest way of marketing, which you don't know will work or not until you have spent some money.
Day in, day out, we are bombarded with the usual standard ways of making money which work well for the person selling it, but hardly work for the people who tries to replicate that success.
Have you been scouring through forums and blogs looking for the next big money making idea? I know what that feels like because I've been there. The problem is, opportunities like that don't work forever. They are closed and plugged once it becomes saturated. So latecomers to the party always end up getting burnt.
Almost inevitably, over 90% of online money making ideas eventually require some sort of tedious painstaking work (like advertising or posting or blogging or shelling out capital to make it work).
Well right now, you have the chance to get away from all the stuff you have been exposed to and take your efforts in a totally new direction. No more of the usual CPA, Youtube, Forum Posting, PPC, Promoting and so on… No more boring work for little-to-no-gains. No more wondering if your effort will end up making you money at the end of it. No more painstaking and disappointing attempts at making money.
Are you really going to focus your efforts on a loophole which could be plugged at any time and then see your efforts wasted? I've been there and done that. I've had enough of that and I want to urge everyone who reads this letter to get away from that mentality and mindset.
It's time to move in a totally different direction and join the few who are making super large sums without even a whiff of internet marketing.
You don't need any equipment or paid tools to make this work. It's naturally available for anyone who wants to extract money out of the system. Absolutely anyone can learn from what I teach in this course, and start making money, hand over fist.
So Who is a Contract Manager and What Does He Do?
A contract manager (you) is someone who makes deals. These deals involve the signing of a contract. Deals are made between two parties (a buyer and supplier). Once the deal is concluded, you will receive a part of the contracted deal amount.
So if the contract is for $1m, you'll receive ~ $30,000 to $50,000.
This is the world of International Trade. It's a multi trillion-dollar market and people like me are able to extract small chunks of the pie from different places.
In this market, there are thousands upon thousands of buyers who want something desperately. These buyers are either too lazy to find a suitable supplier or they don't want the hassle of talking with multiple suppliers and choosing the right one.
This is where a contract manager like me steps in and finds the right supplier for the buyer's requirements.
I take full advantage of a buyer's laziness or inability!
Remember the list I check every morning? This is a list of buyers wanting large quantities of a particular product. I simply contact some of those buyers and find out the details of what they want. After I have that information (in a document), I inform them that I will be in touch again after I have found them a suitable supplier.
Next, I contact a number of suppliers for that particular product from another database which I have access to. I ask each of those suppliers if they can meet my buyer's requirements. If they can, I would arrange for the supplier to speak directly with my buyer and conclude the deal.
Of course, before I hand the buyer over, I would negotiate a fee for my service. No supplier ever refuses to pay the contract management fee. Usually, this is a significant fee which makes this entire business worthwhile!
All-in all, it's a very simple process but there are many things to learn and take care off. Usually, you'd have to pay a fee to contact the list of buyers but my system works around that until you are making a decent income.
It only takes between 1-3 deals a year to be making $250,000 annually. With some contracts, you'll make less and with others you'll make more. Remember, it takes the same amount of effort to make $10k or $500k.
It's quite possible for you to strike your first deal in your first 2 weeks, or if you take things slow, it may take 2-3 months before the system pays you for your effort. At the end of the day, you'll realize you are doing a super relaxing business and you will make at least quarter mill by the end of the year.
This is an Evergreen business. As long as there are buyers and suppliers, the business will thrive and you will continue to extract huge profits from the market often.
It's Worked Very Well For Me, But Will It Really Work For You?
Let's face it. Almost every course you buy online has worked well for the author who created it, but when it comes down to implementing it yourself, it just doesn't work. I should know, it's happened to me countless times.
So then how is this course different?
First of all, there are hundreds of contract managers around the globe doing what I am doing, quietly. The good ones are making far more than me. This shows that even with a small amount of aptitude, you can make large sums.
You don't need any special ability or sales negotiation skills or even the ability to talk properly. There are so many deal makers out there who are in the worst of locations and can hardly communicate effectively, but they are contracting deal after deal, making thousands upon thousands of dollars for themselves.
Even though you may have never strung two people together, this is so easy, it's difficult to fail 100% of the time. You just need to succeed once with one deal, and that should take care of you and your family for the entire year!
So this course has no element which would put it in the same category as the countless other courses which may or may not work for the buyer. As a contract manager, there's no such thing where I would have an advantage over you if we were both starting at the same level.
In module 6, I go through the whole process from scratch to completion, and all you have to do is follow along and copy exactly what I shown.
So, once again, please don't put this course in the same class as the other 100 courses released this month showing some form of internet marketing.
There's no way this business can slow down. Deals are endless!
As long as you continue to manage contractual deals, you will eventually build a database of reliable buyers and suppliers. This database will be your asset. This database will be worth a whole lot of money and this is the asset which you need to keep safe and close to your chest.
Earning $250,000 from international trade is not hard at all. In fact, it's quite easy when armed with the understanding of common practices. Generally, you won't be dealing with small buyers. Most of your buyers will be from factories or industrial units and they always buy large quantities of materials.
Most of their purchases will be measured in metric tons and these materials are shipped to them in containers via ocean freight.
So even if you were to make a few dollars per kilogram or ton, you would walk away with a tidy sum at the end of the deal.
After that supply is complete, the buyer will require more materials. Guess who gets to profit from the additional supply? Yes, YOU!
This means, you will continue to receive a recurring income from having a repeat buyer who continues to order the materials from the supplier you sourced for him.
Can you think of a better way to make truck-loads of money by sitting and working from home? Back in the 80's it would have been much harder to get involved in international trade. But with technological advancements, a common man like me can immerse himself in this endeavor and pull profits again and again.
Although this business seems like brokering, it's slightly different in the way it works. Many brokers are not able to arrange deals because of their work flow and the way they have been educated. A contract manager goes about his routine in a different manner to brokers. This is why professional contract managers make at least $250,000 plus every year, while brokers are lucky to make any deals at all.
A contract manager's job carries with it a certain prestige which makes buyers and suppliers take him seriously. The direct and serious approach makes things flow easily and results in negotiating more money than a broker would be able to ask for.
Can you learn to make deals?
Ready to get started?
Contract Management Will Pour Money Into Your Bank Account
I'm extracting money from the procedure I have detailed in the course and I have spilled all my knowledge explaining and showing you how you can do the same as me.
I've been doing this for a long time and I am confident that my methods will make you rich enough to stop doing whatever you are doing now and move to doing this full time.
The business of international trade is still quite traditional, but it is filled to the brim with money. My job as a contract manager is to siphon just some of that maybe once or twice a month. Doing this even once or twice a year is enough for a very very comfortable lifestyle.
You should be making one or two deals every month but let's say you're a complete failure and you manage to secure just one deal after an entire year, do you realize that this deal will be enough to cover your annual salary and far more?
In the course, I explain how one deal can quite often be a source of income for years to come. This business is certainly not child's play. It's a real, down-to-earth, physical business but without any overheads.
Many of the buyers I speak with are people who own, or work for large industrial businesses. These businesses quite often require raw materials or certain food items.
And because raw materials and food items are perishable items, they come back and order more. Every time they do that, I would earn a cut of the sale value, netting thousands or even hundreds-of-thousands of dollars.
As I write this letter, I am working on a deal for a particular food item with a buyer from Israel. After speaking with this buyer, he has agreed to pay me $75,000 from his own pocket, every month, if he agrees to buy the product through my recommended supplier. I don't even need the buyer's money but I'm certainly not going to turn down an extra $75k per month if the buyer is offering it from his side. A contract manager's income is usually made from the supplier side. Everything else is just a bonus.
With any deal you make, you don't need to make large sums per item. You can make just as much money (and even more) by keeping the profit lower but selling more of the item every so often. Volume orders for perishable items work best and produce a helluva lotta money.
So without doing any additional work, your initial effort for arranging the contract will result in a residual income for a year or more.
One Time Deal - Reap Royalties For Months or Years
I have been managing contracts for a long time now and I know what works and what doesn't. I have made good money from this business and I'm confident it will continue to provide me with an income for as long as I live. With $250k per year, I don't need to worry about delving into any other money making scheme online. I can feel good and relax by simply arranging a few deals every year.
The international trade market is huge and there's enough money to go around even if thousands of contract managers got-in on the game. Don't worry about saturation or seasons or countries. This business is truly evergreen for a switched-on deal maker.
My Contract Commander course teaches you the exact methods and strategies I use to secure deals. Securing contracts the way I do should net you a minimum of $250k by next year.
I must admit, it's not as glamorous as being an Internet Marketer, but this work is far more enjoyable and yet you still work online without doing any manual labor.
I will disclose my tips, tricks and techniques and show you how to succeed at running this business efficiently and profitably, and more importantly, how to avoid wasting time with poor pursuits. Learn what will give you an advantage over other contract managers.
You'll learn how to set the whole thing up, what tools you will need (don't worry, these tools are free), where and how to contact almost unlimited buyers and suppliers, obtaining your contract management fees and how to do all of this without spending a penny on advertising or expensive memberships.
I have even provided letter templates and documentation which you will need as you conduct your business transactions.
In short, you'll learn how to run your own highly profitable contract management business, entirely online without having to visit anyone.
Start Your Contract Management Video Instruction Today!
Seven Day Money Back Guarantee
But if you've been trying to make money online for any length of time, you'll probably expect me to teach you a particular way to build a list and recommend an autoresponder etc… No! I don't do any of that. I don't teach any of the usual stuff you are already tired of hearing and which 1001 other people are doing at the same time. Like I said before, this is totally different and none of the usual online methods apply to this business.
This is a business which has been hidden from mainstream view and not many online entrepreneurs are involved in extracting profits from this gazillion dollar industry.
As a contract manager, you can choose to deal in just one product or a variety of different products. There is no limit to the types of products you can manage but I do provide some guidelines on the types of products to avoid. Choosing the wrong product will result in wasted weeks of effort, when this can easily be avoided.
If you think there aren't enough products to settle with, just take a look at some of these products and categories being traded and exported today.
- Used Cooking Oil
- Alluminium Alloy
- Mobile Handsets
- Charcoal
- Parboiled Rice
- Chemical Sprays
- Corn Oil
- Prunes
- IC45 Sugar
- Walnuts
- Tomato Paste
- Copper Wire
- TV Screens
- Shoes
- Heavy Machinery
- Game Consoles
- Solar Panels
- Specific Vehicles
- Coffee Beans
- Silicone Materials
- Iron Ore
- Coal From Mine
- Scrap Metal
- Sealing Lubes
- Catering Parts
- Seeds
- Gloves
- Car Ball Bearings
- Crude Rapeseed
- Leather Jackets
- Processing Machine
- Flexitanks
This is just the beginning. As you can see, there is absolutely no shortage of products you can deal in. The list of profitable products goes on and on and on...
At the moment, I deal in just a handful of products and this is more than enough to provide me with a very comfortable lifestyle.
You can choose to deal in several products like I do or just one product, which is perfectly fine and can also result in hundreds of thousands of dollars every year.
There are literally thousands of opportunities here. The marketplace is brimming with buyers and suppliers. Check any trade portal or B2B tradeboard and you will find thousands of suppliers ready to sell you anything. It would take you a year or more to cover 10% of them, and there's more being added all the time.
I'll teach you to select the right supplier for the right buyer and how to negotiate the deal according to the buyer's requirements.
If you try to do it without any direction, it would take you weeks to cover any decent ground.
After that, you still may not end up with the perfect supplier for your buyer.
The information I will be disclosing to you is worth $9000+. Please don't take this course if you plan to do nothing with it. I need action takers to take the buyers and arrange for suppliers to supply them. I need you to use my information and use it to turn yourself into another success story.
Trading on the international market is not a "here-today, gone-tomorrow" type of business. It's here to stay and it's always profitable. You can't lose by the changing of seasons. How many IM related flash products do you know which are still working after 10 years? It's very difficult to stay on top of Google's ever-changing algorithms, and even then, your results are not guaranteed. Don't get bogged down with all the frustrations of internet marketing and the introductions of network marketing or MLM. Turn around and go in a totally different direction with far more profits!
The information I teach you in Contract Commander will still be relevant in 30 years time. It's something you can build and then hand over to your offspring to continue when you get old. It doesn't matter if you move countries or have no money. You can continue to run this business in all situations and locations. I mean, you really can't see the world of international trade suddenly stopping. That's just illogical.
Over time, I have become quite good as a contract manager and now buyers and suppliers alike come to me, asking me to source or supply a product for them.
Once you have built your reputation, you won't need to work half as hard as you did at the early stages. Things will flow smoother. Your service will be in demand and you won't have to search for suppliers or buyers at that stage.
Soon, Buyers Will Flock to You For Contracts
Managing contracts is a fascinating business. There aren't too many people in it and it's almost unimaginable to think it could become saturated. Even if you live on a mountain, you can still conduct this business as long as you have an internet connection and a computer.
You won't need to handle or even see the products you deal in. Yet, you can make as much money as you want by choosing how and when to work (and I don't even think of it as work).
Being a contract manager is quite relaxing. Wake up in the morning, turn your laptop on, brew your tea or coffee and sit down to check messages from your buyers or suppliers. Send a few emails and maybe text a couple of people. If needed, spend 20-30 minutes looking for new buyers and communicate with them instantly.
All this without the pressure of having to rank somewhere or the expense of advertising your services.
During your workflow, you will always have deals progressing at different stages. While one is closing, a couple of them are half-way through and yet many of them are at their initial stages.
It works like a funnel. All deals don't always work out, but those that do are sufficient to provide you with a super income that may last you a year or more.
What's Inside Contract Commander?
Once you have made your payment, you will be guided to the dashboard in the members area where you will be able to access one thing and one thing only.
I have deliberately kept this course streamlined to a degree where you get to learn with minimal fuss. Think of it as a no-frills course. I don't have any PDF transcripts or audio files which serve to duplicate the content and make it look obviously valuable (although it's much more). No, I have kept is targeted to a degree on purpose.
Contract Commander is a series of seven modules containing 16 instructional videos. Each video walks you through the logical sequence of finding and completing profitable contracts. Each module contains intricacies which you need to learn from before moving on to the next. Subsequent modules build upon previous instruction.
I have also prepared documents which I use regularly and have provided them in the members area for you to hit the ground running.
There are far too many points of interest (within the 7 modules) to list here, but rest assured, it's highly educational and it's structured in a very easy-to-digest format. The videos are easy to understand and I have dispensed with all the information you don't need to know which would have resulted in fluff and a waste of time.
After that, I'll be right by your side to answer any questions you may have and help you along with your deals.
I have shared almost everything I know in these videos. I know that if I drop you with a laptop and an internet connection on an island, you will almost certainly make $250k within 12 months, providing you follow my instructions.
But I don't know if you will follow my instructions. I don't know if you are lazy or committed. I don't know what type of mindset you have. I don't know if you can even communicate in English properly with buyers and suppliers. There are many variables which could hinder you from following my instructions properly.
Some people pay thousands to learn a skill or a trade, but never really put the effort in to become good at it. I don't know what kind of commitment you will provide in implementing my methods daily. It all depends on how bad you want this and how badly you want to join the quite group of contract managers who are raking in hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Earning $250k is not a pie-in-the-sky dream. It's a definite reality and it could be yours too. If only your turned away from trying the usual stuff online and instead focused your efforts on international trade, you'd see the amazing fruits of your labor too.
There is an initial learning curve with this business but I'll be right there besides you helping you along. You won't be left alone.
So although I shouldn't provide a guarantee due to all those variables stuck to your work ethic, I will make it an easy, no-brainer decision. I will provide a full 7-day money back guarantee during which time you can evaluate the business and see if it suits your personality.
However, if you intend to take advantage of the information, you should note that the real value of this course lies in the extension explained below.
Seven Day Money Back Guarantee
Access the video instruction now. If at any time within the next seven days you believe this business is not for you, simply shoot me an email and I will refund your purchase price back to you. This is my iron-clad money back guarantee!
Contract Commander Video Instruction
Educational Expense
How Much Should You Pay?
I have shot the course showing the latest techniques and methods which I use to extract substantial profits from the international trade market. After studying and learning what I do (and how I do it), I would expect you to squeeze at least an average of $20,000 every month from the marketplace into your own pocket.
Of course, I can't guarantee anything because I don't know how closely you will follow my method. But it's difficult to see anyone fail with my strategies after learning from my videos, especially with my help alongside your efforts.
I'm not selling an ebook or a standard IM course here. This is totally different. These instructional videos will change the way you work forever. I am not selling a cheap PLR product here. I believe in this course and I fully expect you to make a minimum of 20-30 times the amount you will pay to inherit this business with my methods and secrets. Surely you don't expect me to part with my business secrets for a mere $17, do you?
In fact, I didn't even have to create this course, but I decided to do it because of the sheer amount of space available in this business for thousands of contract managers. As long as I can help others while making extra money at the same time, I'm game.
Many people sell cheap ebooks to make a wad of cash from the sale of those books rather than the information they are imparting to others. That's not me. I do make money from the business I have chosen and I am offering to teach you the exact methods that I use.
I'll be sharing with you my knowledge and my real-world experience. In fact, I'll walk you through a live case study from zero to the end result. I leave nothing out.
So please don't think that I will give this away for a cheap price.
My price may be high for some, but this will also eliminate the casual and curious buyers and the ones who suffer from shiny object syndrome.
I prefer to deal with serious buyers only who are committed to thinking big and living big. I don't want this information in the hands of tyre-kickers or serial refunders.
I know my price will automatically disqualify a number of people but this is the way I prefer to have it.
Considering what I am offering and the income extracted from this business, I am selling my secrets for a fraction of its correct value - $997. It's a fair and low-ball price for a super profitable course in my opinion. I believe it's worth a minimum of $9000. Once you make your first deal, you'll understand why this course is severely undervalued.
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Thanks for the simple, easy to learn video tutorials. The support from Amin is amazing.
Jason Myers
This is truly a business that can be done from anywhere, anytime.
The only way this business will not work is if you do not work it.
Ohio, USA
Wow. Amazing!
Sam Andrews
What can I say? This course totally blew my mind. I know this will work for me, and I love the way that I would need to work. This is for me definitely.
Contract Commander Offers
Its Own Extension
Here are some of the things you get with my Contract Commander course...
- Access my video instruction in the members area
- Learn to live quietly and make thousands upon thousands of dollars without gimmicks or advertising
- Move away from the online herd and join me doing what no one else is doing
- Learn to strike deals with relative ease
- Learn to negotiate with buyers and suppliers
- Find out how brokers can help you
- Understand the technicalities of documentation, terms and payments
- Walk through a complete deal with me from scratch to completion and see the result
- See how I locate and communicate with buyers within minutes
- Learn the art of choosing the right supplier for your buyer
- Discover much much more...
Current price is $997.
Payment will be made through the Paypal payment processing system.
By making payment, you agree to abide by and accept the terms and condition stipulated on this site.
Temporary Price
The $997 price is for a limited time. After this period expires, price will return to $1497.
Take advantage of this price reduction while it still exists. I've reduced the price until the Contract Commander course becomes known in selected circles. After that, this price will not be available.
$5000 Bonus Extension
Am I really offering a crappy bonus to entice you?
Many course sellers offer bonuses as a method of enticing people to buy, by sweetening the deal. They pile on bonus after bonus making the package look bigger than it is, and many times the bonuses are pure junk, hardly worth investing the time to read or watch.
You may have already noticed that I am doing things differently with my course. I don't want to give you something that will make you say "this is useless".
So I have decided not to give you a bonus, because this course doesn't need one and I know you're clever enough to see through any poor quality marketing tactic I may come up with.
However, I am offering something which is an extension to the video instruction and is actually invaluable and necessary to your efforts. This is not really a bonus, but in another sense of the word, it is the biggest bonus in the world.
I am offering you something others charge over $5000 for, and that too for a limited time.
I am going to make sure I stay with you for an entire three month, coaching you as needed on Skype, in order to succeed and make $250,000 during your first year as a contract manager. I will be assisting and supporting you as you come across stumbling blocks and I will be able to help with any problems relating to securing or closing any deal.
If I were to offer coaching alone for 3 months, it would be in the region of $50,000 per year. Here, I am giving you the same coaching for free! It's not for one month or 60 days. My coaching is free for an entire three months, as part of my commitment to people who have trusted me with the course (providing I am still living and free).
This coaching is far more valuable than the course material itself. It extends for an entire year (on paper) from the date of your purchase, although I can't see why I would stop helping you during my lifetime.
If you try and swing it without my help, you will hit a road block. My help and support is essential to making this work and therefore I am committing to be at your side while you learn and earn.
As you can see, this isn't really a common or standard bonus. Rather it's more of a valuable & essential extension to the videos I have shot for you, and it's important to make full use of my experience as you trudge the international trade market.
As more and more people buy my course, I will be increasing the price to keep the number low. This way, I can also provide better care and support to people who immerse themselves in contract management.
So if you're on the fence, decide soon, because I do intend to increase the price periodically in order to provide a better service. It doesn't matter where you live or what your previous experience has been, everyone starts at their own pace and learns in different ways.
I'm almost always available to help you make deals totaling $250,000+ in profits within the next 12 months.
Contact me now if you have any questions. If you're already ready to switch your online career, find the Buy button on this page and get started. Maybe you will be the next person to sit in one corner of the net banking thousands upon thousands of dollars ever so quietly.
I know you will thoroughly enjoy this course and I know I will be thrilled helping you make money in the same way that I do.
Keeping it real and down to earth!
Amin Sadak
PS: If you have a burning question, use the contact page now.


text:
A Former CIA Officer Teaches You How to Spot a Lie
Dr. Mercola, Guest
Waking Times
A person lies an average of 10 times a day, according to Susan Carnicero — and she's one to know. As a former CIA officer who spent more than 20 years interrogating, interviewing and polygraphing suspects, she's learned a thing or two about how to spot a liar.
In fact, Carnicero has also developed behavioral screening programs used by the U.S. government and co-written the book "Spy the Lie," which teaches you how to detect deception. She's also a co-founder of QVerity, which is a provider of behavioral analysis and screening services for both the private and public sectors.
It may seem shocking that people lie on such a regular basis, but remember that not all lies are malicious. Little white lies are told more often than big important lies, according to research published in the Journal of Language and Social Psychology,1 and this includes innocent mentions like saying you're fine when someone asks you how you're doing — even if you're actually not.
There's a wide range of lies, Carnicero notes in the video above. At one end of the spectrum are lies meant to spare somebody's feelings or keep a conversation from going in a direction you don't want it to go. At the other end are big bold-faced "I didn't do it" lies. It's in the latter case where being able to spot a liar can definitely work in your favor, in more scenarios than you might initially imagine. For instance, if you're hiring a new employee or thinking about investing in a financial venture, knowing the truth is certainly important.
Likewise, in your personal life, whether you're confronting your partner about potential infidelity, your child about drug use or wondering whether your new flame is trustworthy. Even when you're in the market for a new car or seeking a contractor for your home, cuing in on telltale signs of deceit can help you avoid an expensive mistake.
How to Spot a Lie: Analyze Versus Speculate
It's difficult, if not impossible, to tell if a person is lying just by looking at them. This would be speculation. Instead, Carnicero stresses the importance of analyzing the situation. "What I want to look at is how a person is reacting to things," she says, using the example of someone sitting with their arms folded — a "global behavior." While this might at first appear to be a closed-off or deceptive posture, there are many reasons why someone might sit in this way, from being cold to just being a habit.
"We give way too much weight to global behaviors," Carnicero says. "We want to do away with that. That's speculation." To pick out what's relevant and what's not, first identify the stimulus — the questions you're asking — and then focus on the behaviors that are directly associated with the person's response. Timing is key here; a major red flag is a deceptive behavior that occurs within the first five seconds after the question is asked.
"If they don't show me a deceptive behavior within five seconds, they're not lying to me," she says, adding that paying attention to clusters is another key. "I want to see at least two or more behaviors [during their response] for that to be a deceptive answer." In some cases, the first deceptive behavior may occur before you've even finished asking the question — and this is a red flag too — but just remember that the first one should occur within the first five seconds — and there should be two or more in total to signal a lie.
Managing Your Bias and Recognizing Evasiveness
Many people are taught that lying is wrong and to try to look for the good in people. But when trying to spot a liar, it's important to ignore truthful behavior, which will only add to your bias and contribute to what Carnicero describes as the "halo effect." "Deceptive people can give us truthful answers," she says, and will try to manipulate you to believe them. In many cases, they may give you more information than you asked for in an attempt to make you think they're a good person. According to Carnicero:
"The people that we know are already out to manage our perceptions … go way beyond what we're asking for … the purpose of that again is to convince us that they're good people, and what happens if I'm a novice is that I start to think that's a good person. It's a self-fulfilling prophecy … and I'm going to start to think that that person's good, and I'm going to miss the bad."
So make a point to ignore truthful behavior, instead focusing on deceptive ones. Meanwhile, recognize tactics of evasiveness, which are major clues that a person is not being candid, such as:
- Failure to provide information asked for — does the person go on at length but not answer the question you asked?
- Failure to deny. "The most important thing to the honest person is giving you that answer, denying if they didn't do something. The truth is their biggest ally," Carnicero says.
- Use of exclusionary qualifiers, such as saying "for the most part," "fundamentally" or "not really." These beg for a follow-up question to reveal what the person is leaving out.
Aggression Is Often a Sign of Lying, as Are 'Convincing' Statements
When evaluating a person's trustworthiness, "some behaviors weigh more than others," according to Carnicero. "Aggression is one of those." If you question your child whether he's taking drugs and his immediate response is one of anger, it's a major red flag. Likewise, if you've had a theft at your company, and the employee you're questioning attacks you for asking about the theft.
"If you have somebody who jumps down your throat because you ask them a question — I don't even care if it's your kid … you got a problem," she says. They may also attack a third party, such as the company itself for not providing enough security to prevent thefts in the first place. Along these lines, demonstrating an inappropriate level of concern is another telltale sign that someone is not telling the truth.
For example, if they brush off an important question as inconsequential, smile at an inappropriate time or get angry for seemingly no reason, they're likely lying. Carnicero also stresses the importance of differentiating between convincing statements and those intended to convey information — the former being a sign of lying. Let's say you ask someone if they stole something.
If the person launches into a long response about their good employment history and trustworthiness, those are convincing statements that, while they sound true, signal a lie. Simply saying "no" is conveying information that is likely a truthful response. Carnicero says, "A convincing statement is the strongest arrow that any person is going to have in their quiver. Saying 'I'm a good person,' 'I'm a good worker' … when somebody's trying to convince you of something" rather than convey information, it's a strong sign of a lie.
Paying attention to small details can also reveal a lie — like saying "I wouldn't do that" versus "I didn't do that." The former — "wouldn't" — is often a lie. "We have to listen for didn't," Carnicero says. Invoking religion is another tactic liars often use to draw you in and manage your perceptions of them, saying things like "I swear on a stack of bibles." Other subtle signs include "perception qualifiers" such as "honestly," "to tell you the truth" and "quite frankly," which are used to verbally "dress up a lie." When combined with clusters of other deceptive behaviors, these can help you to spot a lie.
Nonverbal Signs of Deceit
A person's nonverbal cues are also important to hone in on when evaluating whether or not they're lying. Carnicero recommends paying attention to the following nonverbal cues:2
•Behavioral pause: If you ask a person a vague question, such as what were you doing on this date years ago, it's reasonable to expect a pause before they respond. But if you ask, did you rob a bank 10 years ago to this day, they should respond immediately. In the latter case, a delay is a sign of lying.
•Verbal/nonverbal disconnect: If a person nods their head while saying no, or shakes their head "no" while saying yes, this disconnect is considered a deceptive behavior (except in certain cultures in which nodding doesn't mean yes).
•Anchor point movements: Another sign of a lie is movement in an "anchor point," such as feet on the floor, arms on a desk or even a dangling foot if a person's legs are crossed.
•Grooming gestures: Straightening a tie or other piece of clothing, fixing hair, adjusting glasses or fiddling with shirt cuffs can be subconscious ways that people try to quell their anxiety and are often a sign of a lie. Clearing of the throat or swallowing prior to answering are also considered indicators of deceptiveness.
•Hand-to-face movements: If a person put their hand to their mouth, licks their lips, pulls on their ear or otherwise touches their face or head, it's another deceptive behavior. Parade noted:3
"The reason goes back to simple high school science. You've asked a question, and the question creates a spike in anxiety because a truthful response would be incriminating.
That, in turn, triggers the autonomic nervous system to go to work to dissipate the anxiety, draining blood from the surfaces of the face, the ears, and the extremities — which can create a sensation of cold or itchiness. Without the person even realizing it, his hands are drawn to those areas, or there's a wringing or rubbing of the hands."
Spotting a Liar Isn't an Exact Science
While it isn't always easy to determine when you're being lied to, following Carnicero's guidelines can certainly help. You can find more details, including many anecdotes that show the guidelines in action, in Carnicero's book "Spy the Lie: Former CIA Officers Teach You How to Detect Deception." Being able to decipher the truth can be life changing when it comes to your professional and personal life, and you can even use it to save yourself money and avoid getting ripped off.
As for lying, if you're on the giving rather than the receiving end, it's worth noting that adopting an "honesty is the best policy" approach isn't only good for those around you but also for yourself. People who told only the truth for five weeks had an average of seven fewer symptoms, such as sore throats, headaches, nausea and mental tension, than the control group,4 with researchers suggesting that lying may cause stress that dampens the immune system.
In the case of lying, however, many people do it without even thinking about it, which means, in order to protect your health — and your reputation — you've got to recognize that you're doing it — and change it — before those around you recognize it first.


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text:
Flights to Osaka
Your journey starts here
Round-trip price per adult from
Travel guide – Osaka
Like many other Japanese cities, Osaka is a mixture of old and new, where visitors are as likely to find the latest fashion trends as traditional kimonos. Many of the city's historical monuments were destroyed during World War II, but many have been rebuilt in their original style to offer an attractive contrast to the otherwise industrial landscape. The Japanese lovingly refer to Osaka as "the kitchen of Japan," as this is a city where the focus is on food, and the culinary delicacies are based on tradition. With superb shopping and eclectic nightlife, Osaka is a city that never sleeps.
Whether you are interested in culture, shopping or just enjoying the spectacular views of the city, Osaka offers visitors a host of things to do.
Umeda Sky Building – gives you a thrilling experience and a magnificent view over Osaka. This spectacular building contains a rooftop floating garden observatory and a breathtaking escalator that connects the building's two main towers. A visit is highly recommended.
Osaka Castle – a reproduction of a majestic 16th-century castle surrounded by an abundance of cherry blossoms. For additional beautiful historical buildings and lush parks in Osaka you might visit Sumiyoshi taisha shrine, the island Nakanoshima or The Open-Air Museum of Old Japanese Farmhouses.
National Bunraku Theatre – entertainment by traditional Japanese puppets (Bunraku).
Spa World – do what the Japanese people do and enjoy a traditional bath in a hot spring (Onsen) – open 24/7.
Note that no tattoos allowed, if you have a tattoo (and can't hide it) you may not be allowed inside.
Tsūtenkaku – a beautifully reconstructed tower in the Shinsekai district. (Visitors should note, however, that this is regarded as a slightly edgier part of the city but is, however, generally safe during the day.) The Tennoji Zoo is also nearby.
Osaka's Kaiyukan harbour – find one of the world's largest aquariums and the world's biggest Ferris wheel in the harbour.
Shirahama – a charming spa town located on the south side of Osaka. In the south you can find the temple mountain of Mount Kōya.
Kyoto – the former capital of Japan, this city's well-preserved historical treasures survived World War II. Sights include the Imperial Palace and the wooden Sanjūsangen-dō temple. 15–30 minutes from Osaka by train.
Nara – less than 60 minutes by train from Osaka, the city boasts several beautiful historical cultural treasures, including numerous temples and a gigantic statue of Buddha. Nara is also famous for its tame deer roaming around, especially in Nara Park.
Hiroshima – walk in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, dedicated to the memory of those who died in the destruction of the city in World War II and learn more about one of the most tragic events in history. Travel time from Osaka is 80 minutes by bullet train and six hours on less expensive local trains.
There is no lack of shopping opportunities in Osaka. The city has it all, and here you can find a wonderful mix of the newest fashion trends, the latest technology and traditional handicrafts. Visiting Osaka's shopping centres alone offers more experiences than many other destinations put together.
Dōtonbori and Shinsaibashi area – the city's number one shopping district. Here you can also find America Mura (American Village) the trendiest shopping spot for the younger generation along with the large Shinsaibashisuji Shopping Center.
Osaka Station City in the Umeda area – the main railway station and shopping, all in one, with fashion boutiques as well as second hand shops.
Tenjimbashi-suji Shopping Street – 2.6km of shopping and food under one roof – a famous shopping street.
Nipponbashi (Den Den Town) in Namba is all about electronic devices at reasonable prices. Bargaining is permitted here.
Note that many shops are closed on Mondays and Tuesdays whereas Sunday is the most popular shopping day.
You can expect a lot from the food in Osaka – and the city delivers. Everything under the sun is served in the food capital of Japan, but when visiting Osaka it would be a sin not to try some of the local specialties found both at street stalls and in fancy restaurants. Kuidaore (to eat oneself bankrupt) – might be the simplest way to describe Osaka's people and their obsession with food.
Takoyaki – small ball-shaped dumplings filled with scrumptious pieces of octopus (tako) and topped with takoyaki sauce and mayonnaise.
Okonomiyaki – a type of Japanese cabbage pancake with a variety of fillings usually containing seafood, vegetables and pork or cheese and then topped with takoyaki sauce.
Kushikatsu – skewered meat, seafood or vegetables dipped in egg and panko and then deep-fried. Serve with tonkatsu sauce and enjoy.
Yakiniku – Japanese barbecue that you grill at your own table.
Onigiri – rice balls filled with various stuffing. Excellent small snacks.
Sake – traditional rice wine.
Tea – especially green.
Osaka subway and trains – the best way to get around Osaka. With an extensive train network, visitors can easily venture all the way out to the city limits.
Taxi – for short journeys, taxis are an affordable and comfortable way to move around. In Japan the meter starts running faster and faster as the time goes by, so long distances and getting stuck in the traffic may cause a slight surprise when it's time to pay.
Currency in Japan – Yen (¥)
Cash – it is a good idea to bring cash. Cards are not universally accepted, and not all ATMs accept foreign cards.
Electricity in Japan – flat-pin plugs and 100 volts are used.
Time zone – Osaka (Japan) UTC/GMT + 9hours (-1 hour during summertime in countries that use summertime/wintertime).
Don't tip – it is considered bad manners and may be seen as an insult.
Behaviour – always be polite and remember that small presents are appreciated in the Japanese culture.
Water – tap water in Japan is clean and safe to drink.
Kansai International Airport (KIX)
The airport is located 50km southwest of Osaka.
- Finnair flights: Terminal 1
- Check-in opens 2 hours 30 minutes before departure
- Check-in closes 1 hour before departure
Navigated to page: Osaka


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