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MR POE AND THE NEW YORK LITERATI. — By force of advertisements and placards, Mr. Godey succeeded a month ago in apprising that portion of the public — a rather small one, by the by — who take an interest in literary matters, that Mr. Poe was coming down, upon the New York literati, in a series of papers in a Philadelphia magazine, with the force of a 'thousand of brick' and two or three thousand trip hammers, which would infallibly grind them — the literati of New York — into dust and powder, and create a sensation in the world, which it would be impossible to allay, by any possible amount of extra editions of the Lady's Book. Those who knew Mr. Poe only smiled at such an announcement, and those who knew Mr. Godey, if there be any such in New York, put as much faith in the advertisement as they do in the announcement on the cover of his Lady's Book, that it is the best magazine in the world, and that it has the greatest number of subscribers. Mr. Poe's articles were to have still greater currency given them by uniting the Lady's Book with Arthur's Magazine, and publishing them with the latest Paris fashions, Americanized and expressed from Paris. A still greater impetus was to be given to Mr. Poe's opinions; they were even to be accompanied with autographs of the New York Literati. It is said that all Division street was put in an uproar by this tremendous announcement, and two milliner's apprentices never slept a wink one whole night, for thinking about it. Some of the students in Dr. Anthon's grammar school made a pilgrimage to Bloomingdale to gaze upon the asylum where Mr. Poe was reported to be confined, in consequence of his immense mental efforts having turned his brain; and a certain great writer on small subjects, in Ann street, had serious thoughts of calling him the American Tasso; as to the New York literati, they all sat in their garrets shaking in their shoes, with their wives and children clinging to their knees, in fear. In short there was an earthquake among the literati and milliners. Mr. Godey was in Philadelphia all the while, as calm as a demon, smoking his cigar and writing advertisements of 2d Editions, and Mr. Poe was almost anywhere and in any situation which the mind could conceive.
At last the 'honest opinions' of Mr. Poe, and the Americanized fashions expressed from Paris, appeared together, and Mr. Godey himself says they are creating a great sensation throughout the country, which we believe: But the sensation, so far as we have had an opportunity of observing, has been one of disgust. We never before saw so much froth on so small a quantity of small beer. Mr. Godey, in a card published in the Mirror, a few day's since, said that he had been advised to publish no more of Mr. Poe's opinions, and we are surprised that he, Mr. Godey, did not take the advice; because we are sure that none but a very sincere friend could have advised him to do so very sensible a thing. His enemies, if he have any, and we do not see how so amiable a gentleman can have any, would have advised him to act directly contrary. It was a capital thought in Mr. Poe to call his opinions of the New York literati honest, to distinguish them from his other judgments, and because nobody but himself would ever be likely to apply such an epithet to them. People were looking for a furious unbottling of carboy's of vitriol, torrents of aqua fortis, and demi-john's of prussic acid. But instead of these biting, withering and scorching elements, what was our astonishment to find only a few slender streams of sugar house molasses and Godfrey's cordial, trickling through the soft pages of Mr. Godey's Lady's Book. We were as much disappointed as though we had mixed a salad with eau sucre, instead of white vinegar. We had heard that Mr. Poe wrote with an antique stylus dipped in gall and mustard, and we find him using a crow quill and ink, 'warranted free from corrosive qualities. Mr. Poe said a true thing of himself, in the preface to his opinions, in these words:
'We place on paper, without hesitation, a tissue of flatteries, to which in society we could not give utterance, for our lives, without either blushing or laughing outright.'
In the two numbers already published of Mr. Poe's 'honest opinions,' there are notices of fourteen gentlemen and one lady; of the fifteen persons, not more than half were ever heard of before as literati. The sketches are extremely slight, and of not the least consequence to anybody; three or four of them had already appeared in the Democratic Review, where they died a natural death. The opinion on Mr. Willis, who has no particular claim that we know of to be considered one of the literati of New York city, is the only one which makes any show of ability of analysis, or of knowledge. Of its fairness, the following extract will attest:
'His success (for in point of fame, if of nothing else, he has certainly been successful) is to be attributed, one-third to his mental ability, and two-thirds to his physical temperament — the latter goading him into the accomplishment of what the former merely gave him the means of accomplishing.'
'Mr. Willis speaks French with some fluency, and Italian not quite so well,' says Mr. Poe, with a grand comme il faut air, as though he could speak French and Italian himself, which everybody knows he cannot do. But Mr. Poe thinks that Mr. Willis showed the greatest degree of ability, and gave the best evidence of possessing genius, by publishing a string of affidavits and certificates from my Lord knows who, in London, and the proprietors of certain tailors shops and boarding-houses in New York, in favor of his moral character, which had been attacked by the Courier & Enquirer. Well, if such 'management' as this be an evidence of genius, we know many a genius acting in the capacity of scullion, who always carry with them a certificate of character wherever they go. But Mr. Poe has a variety of ways of testing genius. He thinks the author of Tecumseh a genius, because he succeeded in obtaining 2500 subscribers for his Magazine in the first year of its establishment. One of his opinions is of a pot companion, contained in half a dozen lines, whose name appears for the first and probably for the last time, associated with the literati. Another is of somebody who, Mr. Poe says, never wrote three consecutive lines of grammatical English in his life. If this be true, his name has no right to be placed in a catalogue of the New York literati, nor of any other literati; but true or false, the opinion furnishes a key to Mr. Poe's 'honesty,' and affords sufficient evidence that he can be guilty of the meanness of making attacks on individuals to gratify personal malice, as some of his 'tissues of flatteries' prove that he can be a toady when he has any thing to gain.
As to the independence for which we have heard Mr. Poe commended, we certainly have never seen so small an amount of that commodity in a literary review as is contained in his 'honest opinions.' There is but one mark of it in the whole series of his 'literati,' and that is so purely personal as to appear the very reverse. His patronising notices of Dr. Bush, Mr. Verplanck, and Dr. Anthon, are really the most laughable things in their way that we ever saw in print. He is about as capable of measuring either of these gentlemen as the frog in the fable of showing the dimensions of an ox. If he didn't burst in the attempt, we came near doing so when looking at him.
We hope that Mr. Poe gets well paid for his 'honest opinions,' for we are sure that a man must be sadly in want of money who resorts to such methods of raising it, and we hope also that they may be the means of giving increased circulation to Mr. Godey's book, for the same reason. Mr. Poe is the last man in the country who should undertake the task of writing 'honest opinions' of the literati. His infirmities of mind and body, his petty jealousies, his necessities even, which allow him neither time nor serenity for such work, his limited information on local subjects, his unfortunate habits, his quarrels and jealousies, all unfit him for the performance of such a duty, as the specimens already published abundantly prove. The folly and nonsense of Mr. Poe's attempt are sufficiently apparent, but to any one who has read the sketches by Hazlitt of some of his contemporaries, they must appear monstrous. It is a matter of no consequence what the 'literati' themselves think of their delineator, no man is a proper judge of his [column 2:] own picture, but to gain the admiration or respect of the world, some degree of integrity, benevolence and power of characterization must be evinced. And these are just the qualities in which Mr. Poe's opinions are lamentably deficient. We have no thought of reviewing Mr. Poe's opinions, or we could enumerate numerous misstatements which are altogether inexcusable in such sketches. Opinions, whether they are called honest by their author or not, are always received under protest. We do not adopt another man's opinion as an article of faith; but there should be no guesses at facts, which, to be of any value, must be truths.
Although we have laughed at Mr. Godey's expressed — Americanized — Paris fashions, we have no wish to underrate his Lady's Book, nor to dispute his announcement that it is "decidedly the most valuable monthly magazine now published," for we know but little about it.
To conclude, after the fashion of our Thersitical Magazinist, Mr. Poe is about 39. He may be more or less. If neither more nor less, we should say he was decidedly 39. But of this we are not certain. In height he is about 5 feet 1 or two inches, perhaps 2 inches and a half. His face is pale and rather thin; eyes gray, watery, and always dull; nose rather prominent, pointed and sharp; nostrils wide; hair thin and cropped short; mouth not very well chiselled, nor very sweet; his tongue shows itself unpleasantly when he speaks earnestly, and seems too large for his mouth; teeth indifferent; forehead rather broad, and in the region of ideality decidedly large, but low, and in that part where phrenology places conscientiousness and the group of moral sentiments it is quite flat; chin narrow and pointed, which gives his head, upon the whole, a balloonish appearance, which may account for his supposed light-headedness; he generally carries his head upright like a fugleman on drill, but sometimes it droops considerably. His address is gentlemanly and agreeable at first, but it soon wears off and leaves a different impression after becoming acquainted with him; his walk is quick and jerking, sometimes waving, describing that peculiar figure in geometry denominated by Euclid, we think, but it may be Professor Farrar of Cambridge, Virginia fence. In dress he affects the tailor at times, and at times the cobbler, being in fact excessively nice or excessively something else. His hands are singularly small, resembling birds claws; his person slender; weight about uo or its pounds, perhaps the latter; his study has not many of the Magliabechian characteristics, the shelves being filled mainly with ladies magazines; he is supposed to be a contributor to the Knickerbocker, but of this nothing certain is known; he is the author of Politian, a drama, to which Professor Longfellow is largely indebted, it is said by Mr Poe, for many of his ideas. Mr. Poe goes much into society, but what society we cannot positively say; he formerly lived at West Point; his present place of residence is unknown. He is married.
A clipping of the original article may be found in the Mabbott Collection, University of Iowa. The authorship of the article is attributed Briggs in The Poe Log, p. 642.
This article was reprinted in the Weekly Mirror on May 30, 1846.
Poe printed a Reply in the Spirit of the Times, July 10, 1846
[S:0 - NYM, 1846 (TOMUI] - Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore - Bookshelf - Mr Poe and the New York Literati (Charles F. Briggs, 1846)


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Landmines and unexploded bombs can remain in the ground for decades after a conflict has ended. Every day, 13 people are killed or injured by these indiscriminate weapons. Almost half of civilian casualties are children.
MAG finds and clears landmines, cluster munitions, and unexploded bombs and returns safe land to communities, enabling them to build a safer and more sustainable future.
We use a range of methods
We use a combination of methods and tools to detect and destroy landmines, cluster bombs and other unexploded weapons, including manual deminers, machinery and mine detection dogs. The approach used varies depending on a number of factors, including terrain, vegetation, and the level and type of contamination.
This is careful and painstaking work. Manual demining involves checking minefields metre by metre using metal detectors and a variety of excavation tools.
A range of mechanical resources and technologies helps us increase the speed and effectiveness of landmine clearance in certain circumstances. Our fleet of specialised armoured machines prepares ground for clearance, removing vegetation and obstacles, and in some cases finding and destroying landmines directly.
Our mine detection dogs are trained to "sniff out" explosives and alert their handler, making them a valuable part of our mine clearance toolbox.
We listen to communities
Our community liaison staff are the eyes and ears of MAG. They work with local communities, agencies and authorities to understand where landmines and unexploded bombs are located and how their presence affects people's lives, work and play. Working in this way helps us to ensure that our resources target and clear the areas of greatest need.
We clear former battle areas
After fighting stops, battle areas are often contaminated with unexploded bombs. We systematically clear and return the land to local communities for productive use.
We recruit people from mine-affected communities
We recruit and train men and women from local communities. This gives people affected by landmines the opportunity to clear them, as well as financially support their own families and communities. In this way, MAG also acquires knowledge, technical expertise, and further commitment to clearing the country of landmines.
We respond to emergencies
Our humanitarian response activities include survey, risk education and clearance as well as humanitarian planning. This helps prevent casualties, and supports other humanitarian organisations to carry out their emergency operations.
Our results in 2020
Landmines & unexploded bombs destroyed
Land cleared by deminers, dogs and machines
Total land released
I love my job. We allow people to come home My family and my community are very proud of me. Thank you MAG for this great opportunity to save my people.
LenaDeminer, Iraq

subset: commoncrawl


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Sigma's FF High Speed Prime Lenses combine the same high-quality optics and mechanics of their Global Vision still line in a cine-oriented design. This 85mm Sony E-Mount prime is a longer focal length in the series, offering full-frame sensor coverage, 6-8K resolution, and a T1.5 aperture in a compact, lightweight form; it is also available in Canon EF and PL mounts. Electronic contacts in the mount provide lens data communication between the lens and the camera. A common 95mm front diameter and similar physical attributes across the lens line make it easier and quicker to mount lens accessories such as matte boxes, follow focuses, and lens control motors.
The 9-bladed iris produces pleasing out-of-focus bokeh effects and ghosting and flaring have been minimized. Color reproduction is standardized for easier color correction. Each lens in the range offers consistent lens gear positions and 180° of focus barrel rotation. The FF High-Speed Primes also feature a clickless iris with linear markings, dampeners on each gear ring for silent operation, industry-standard 0.8 module gear pitch, and engraved markings for durability. Focus marks are in feet with select marks in luminous paint for easy visibility in low light.
To relieve stress on your camera's lens mount, a support foot is built into the dust- and water-resistant metal lens body. If you wish to fit your FF High-Speed Prime lens to a different camera, the Canon EF and Sony E mount versions can be converted from one to the other by an authorized Sigma service center (not available for PL mounts).


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MINNEAPOLIS — Minnesota Senate Republicans have offered a counterproposal to Democratic Gov. Tim Walz's request for security funding for next month's murder trial for the former police officer charged with killing George Floyd.
Walz has requested $35 million in security from the state ahead of the trial for Derek Chauvin. But Republicans pushed back on the governor's proposal, calling it a bailout for Minneapolis failing to adequately fund its police.
Instead, Republicans proposed a new plan that targets Minneapolis.
The Republican proposal would require cities to pay when it receives policing help from nearby communities. If the city fails to pay, the state would divert funding earmarked for local aid to pay.
According to the Associated Press, the funding that would be diverted maintains services and infrastructure and prevents local property tax hikes
The state is coordinating with federal authorities and more than 200 chief law enforcement agencies across the state for the March 8 trial.
Chauvin faces charges of second-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter in connection with the death of George Floyd. Video taken of Floyd's arrest showed Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's next for nearly nine minutes.
Floyd's death sparked nationwide protests against police brutality.


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The problem with linear thinking
Linear thinking is a shortcut for completely thinking through a problem. It's easier to look at quarterly earnings of $.25 and multiply by 4 rather than estimate what they might actually be due to seasonal fluctuations. Linear thinking and estimations are everywhere, a casual read of the news or research papers would leave one with the impression that we live in a linear world. The problem is we don't, often trends reverse, or change due to some inflection point. I think people like linear trends because it makes them feel like they can guess what the future might look like. No one knows the future no matter how hard we try to predict it.
My favorite example of linear thinking is personnel assignment for projects. If a project is estimated to take one person 80 hours there's this widespread myth that assigning two people will get it done in 40 hours, and four people in 20 hours. The problem is that doesn't account for overlap, or communication overhead. At a certain point adding an extra person on the team actually lengthens the time needed to finish a project. There's a book on this topic dealing specifically with software engineering, but the principles are universal, The Mythical Man Month.
Mythical man months and linear thinking are everywhere in investing. Just go back to any article from 2006 and you'll see the economy and stocks will follow a nice smooth path upwards forever. I don't know why people accept this sort of reasoning. Anyone who's lived for even a little bit knows it's not true. Growth comes in spurts, a child grows very quickly the slows down with bits of fast growth. Most businesses are similar, they grow fast for a while then mature. Even nations grow in spurts, the baby boom in the US was a large spurt, the echo-boom a smaller one. Between those population booms were years of lower than trend birth rates. With regards to birth rates linear thinking abounds, every few months a story will appear saying Russians will disappear in 400 years, or the Japanese will cease to exist in 300 years at current rates. When birth rates are high articles are written discussing when the world will run out of capacity, or strategies to slow down growth.
Very few companies have linear growth, for me this is the downfall of DCF calculations. How do you model lumpy growth? Some companies do have this predictability, I worked for one that signed all customers to long term contracts with 5% increases each year. So for them it would be appropriate to model out 5% growth to eternity. Or at least growth until technology blows up their market.
Warren Buffett, or his followers talk about only buying companies if you know what they will look like in 10 years. This is great sound bite material for CNBC, but it's unrealistic. Did Buffett really know what investment banking would look like in 2018 when he made his Goldman Sachs investment? I doubt it. We often look at things in a linear fashion when trying to estimate far into the future, and it can be a downfall. The problem with a linear thought is it blinds us to uncertainty and potentially negative consequences. The strong moat of Eastman Kodak in 2000 was worthless in 2010, but how many predicted digital cameras would be in cell phones in every pocket back in 2000? I know I sure didn't. I remember seeing my first digital camera in 1993, it could fit 100 pictures on a 3.5in floppy disk. That means each picture was around 14k, the camera was huge and bulky, it was a hobby thing. Serious photographers used film cameras. Now about 20 years later I have a camera in my iPhone that's probably 100x or 1000x better than that bulky digital camera and at 1/10th of the cost or less, not to mention the size difference.
Some companies that look strong in the moment fall quickly to technological, or cultural shifts. MySpace was the king of social networking a few years back. Who would have thought they'd be complete irrelevant now? I own a franchise company (Mastercard) and I think about this often. They have a strong network, but very quickly a competitor could emerge and turn the industry on its side destroying Mastercard's moat. My concern is that I'll spot this too late after my investment is impaired.
A parting thought before moving on is that the average lifespan of a company has shrunk from 67 years in 1920 to 15 years in 2012. So when someone says to think 10 or 15 years out that means thinking about the successor or bankruptcy of the company you're examining, a sobering thought.
When I considered doing this post my first intention was to bring awareness to thinking that could be harmful to our investments. The second goal was to show how this could be exploited.
I find that investors have a very strange fondness for linear thinking thar's often not found outside of investing. When two sport teams play each other a non-committed bystander usually roots for the underdog. A very common plot for American movies is an underdog achieving greatness against all odds. Yet when it comes to an underdog company the standard expectation is it will just decline into oblivion in a straight line. Conversely great companies like Apple or Starbucks will just grow to the sky forever with investors enjoying sunny days and endless dividends.
When presented with a tight situation people are able to dig down and find resolve to face a tough situation. Ideas and strength not found in everyday life present themselves and can come to the rescue. Not every desperate situation works out well, but enough do solely on human perseverance that others in dire straits can remain hopeful. Investing in cigar butt companies can be similar to a down and out individual. Not much needs to go right for things to change. If the negative trend merely stops that can sometimes be enough.
Linear thinkers believe that all net-nets go to zero, why else would a company trade for less than NCAV? Of course the evidence says otherwise. Linear thinking says that big giant companies with steady growth will continue to grow forever, a quick look at the Dow over the past 100 years says otherwise. Beware of linear thinking, and take advantage of it when the opportunity presents itself.
Talk to Nate
8 comments:
- AnonymousNovember 26, 2012 at 11:45 PM
Nice post. I totally agree.
It's crazy how quickly a narrative gets built around events and then everyone accepts it.
I guess it's kind of like "social proof". Just like how if you walk past 5 people looking at the sky, you'll look at the sky because there must be something interesting there. If everyone believes something, there's a lot of momentum behind it so others simply believe it too.
It's perhaps what makes contrarian investing profitable long term, and momentum investing profitable short term.
Completely different topic: I mentioned GPG to you on twitter and you did a great write-up. I ended up selling mine after the 30% runup. Any plans for yours now that management has basically confirmed that they're buying back all stock until the only asset left is Coats? Thanks for the comment, narratives are fascinating, you're right, they're built quickly, and often on no hard facts.
As for GPG, it's a tough call. It's almost a full time job keeping up with the news flow from them. In my original thesis I figured that the full value of GPG wouldn't be realized until Coats is fully exposed. It seems that the market has more than realized the value of GPG's assets and now the value includes some of Coats. The debt and liabilities are being paid off, but it's tough to know how much longer I'd have to hold to realize the full value. I'm up 32% as well, I just read all the releases, I need to think about this for a few days.- AnonymousNovember 27, 2012 at 2:18 PM
great post nate, where did you get this piece of data?
"A parting thought before moving on is that the average lifespan of a company has shrunk from 67 years in 1920 to 15 years in 2012." Great post Nate! It's definitely a sobering thought, and something extremely important to investing. I don't know if you've read The Most Important Thing by Howard Marks, but he talks about this as mean reversion, or "the pendulum."
One thought. I know you're probably just going to think "oh, he's just another mindless Buffett fan" but I really think it's more than a sound bite when Buffett says he would only buy a company if he knows what it looks like in 10 years. It's not that he only buys it if he knows exactly how operations will look, but if he can get a feel for earnings in 10 years. I think Buffett looks at it as a probability bet, and he probably looked at Goldman and said "at these prices I'd have a large margin of safety if x was fair value, so I'll only buy if fair value is clearly x or higher. Then he looked at what the earnings of Goldman would have to be for the next 10 years to merit that valuation, and he said Goldman is extremely likely to be AT LEAST earning that much, so I'll take the bet"...not likely those quoted words, but I think that's the essential thought process I have when following that advice. While you can't think precisely 10 years into the future, the point of the idea is to find inherently predictable businesses, where the economics, while not linear, is still easy to follow throughout various market cycles. The idea of mean reversion, however, is crucial to value investors in this case because you can look at stocks that have fallen dramatically whose business economics are strong and say "they aren't going bankrupt! buy!" and look at stocks whose prices are for perfection and say "this is impossible! short!". Idk if you've seen David Einhorn's short thesis on Chipotle, but I thought it had a lot to do with this idea that nothing goes on forever.


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Welcome to an enthralling exploration of the artistry and precision behind coating and painting techniques. In this captivating blog, we will delve into the intricate world of surface finishes, unveiling the secrets to achieving flawless and visually stunning results. Prepare to be inspired as we unravel the techniques, tools, and skills that elevate coating and painting to a true art form.
The Palette of Coatings:
Just like an artist selects colours from a palette, the world of coatings offers a range of options for achieving desired finishes. We'll explore the different types of coatings, from primers that provide a smooth base to clearcoats that add depth and protection. Engage in interactive discussions to discover the characteristics of each coating type and their specific applications.
Mastering the Brush and Spray:
Coating and painting techniques require precision and finesse. We'll delve into the art of brushwork and explore the intricate control and hand skills necessary to achieve seamless finishes. Additionally, we'll unravel the secrets of spray painting, from understanding nozzle selection and spray patterns to mastering the art of consistent coverage. Engage in interactive activities to test your brushwork skills and explore the nuances of spray painting techniques.
The Role of Surface Preparation:
Before applying coatings, proper surface preparation is essential for achieving flawless finishes. We'll uncover the importance of techniques such as sanding, cleaning, and masking, which create the ideal canvas for coatings to adhere to and showcase their full potential. Engage in interactive discussions to explore the critical steps of surface preparation and learn valuable tips for achieving professional results.
The Art of Color and Texture:
Colour and texture play a significant role in creating captivating finishes. Discover the psychology of colour and how it influences emotions and perceptions. We'll also delve into techniques such as colour blending, metallic effects, and texture application that add depth and visual interest to surfaces. Engage in interactive quizzes and visual challenges to explore the impact of colour and texture on aesthetic appeal.
As we conclude our enthralling exploration of the art of precision in coating and painting techniques, we invite you to embrace the mastery and creativity that these skills entail. Whether you're a coatings professional, a DIY enthusiast, or simply an admirer of fine craftsmanship, recognize the artistry and attention to detail that goes into achieving flawless finishes. Embrace the techniques, tools, and knowledge that elevate coating and painting to an art form. Unleash your creativity and master the brush and spray to create captivating surfaces that leave a lasting impression. Embrace the art of precision in coating and painting techniques, and let your creativity flourish.
ACEXM7, a prominent industrial expo organizer, recognizes the importance of showcasing these cutting-edge advancements, and as such, has announced the COAT India 2023. The three-day expo, set to take place from August 24th to August 26th at the Pragati Maidan in New Delhi, will serve as an ideal forum for professionals in the coating and painting industry to connect, learn, and network.
At Coating and Painting Expo 2023, we are dedicated to building awareness among the people about the importance of sustainable and efficient coating and painting systems, enabling a greener and more environmentally conscious India. Join our mission to educate and empower individuals, creating a nation that embraces sustainable practices and leads the way in environmental stewardship." – Shikha Chouhan, VP – Conferences, Ace Exhibition Group.
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You can also connect on:
Kumar Deepak – 9911607755 or email@example.com
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- get file sensitivity label
cc [flags...] file... -ltsol [library...]
#include <tsol/label.h> int getlabel(const char *path, m_label_t *label_p);
int fgetlabel(int fd, m_label_t *label_p);
The getlabel() function obtains the sensitivity label of the file that is named by path. Discretionary read, write or execute permission to the final component of path is not required, but all directories in the path prefix of path must be searchable.
The fgetlabel() function obtains the label of an open file that is referred to by the argument descriptor, such as would be obtained by an open(2) call.
The label_p argument is a pointer to an opaque label structure. The caller must allocate space for label_p by using m_label_alloc(3TSOL).
Upon successful completion, getlabel() and fgetlabel() return 0. Otherwise they return -1 and set errno to indicate the error.
The getlabel() function will fail if:
Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix of path. To override this restriction, the calling process can assert the PRIV_FILE_DAC_SEARCH privilege.
label_p or path points to an invalid address.
An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating path.
The length of the path argument exceeds PATH_MAX, or a pathname component is longer than NAME_MAX while _POSIX_NO_TRUNC is in effect (see pathconf(2)).
The file referred to by path does not exist.
A component of the path prefix of path is not a directory.
The fgetlabel() function will fail if:
The fd argument is not a valid open file descriptor.
The label_p argument points to an invalid address.
An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
open(2), pathconf(2), m_label_alloc(3TSOL), attributes(5), labels(5)
Obtaining a File Label in Solaris Trusted Extensions Developer's Guide
The functionality described on this manual page is available only if the system is configured with Trusted Extensions.


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Brand Rolta
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Developing new products and solutions.
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The breadth of our expertise and the depth of knowledge of our customers' businesses, enable us to continuously deliver meaningful impact.


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Article types
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts publishes:
- Communications
- Full papers
- Perspectives
- Critical reviews
- Frontier reviews
- Tutorial reviews
- Comments/Replies
- Highlights
Reviews & Perspectives are normally invited, however suggestions for timely Reviews are very welcome. Interested authors should contact the Editorial Office at firstname.lastname@example.com with an abstract or brief synopsis of their intended Review.
See more information about these article typesCommunications
These must report preliminary research findings that are novel and original, of immediate interest and are likely to have a high impact on the Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts community. Authors must provide a short paragraph explaining why their work justifies rapid publication as a communication.
Full papers
Original research papers on any of the subjects outlined in the scope section and related areas are encouraged and welcomed. All papers should give due attention to overcoming limitations and to underlying principles. All contributions will be judged on the following criteria.
- Novelty and insight
- Quality of scientific work and content
- Clarity of objectives and aims of the work
- Appropriateness of length to content of new science
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts is not an archive for large data sets - such papers are not within the scope of the journal. Papers reporting local studies are also not acceptable; all papers should provide insights that go beyond those of the original local interest.
All reported measurements should have their uncertainties and limitations clearly stated. It should be emphasised that it is mandatory to justify and/or reference all claims regarding health impairments or toxic consequences.
Referees of papers submitted to the journal are also asked to comment on the appropriateness of any optimization and/or experimental design procedures used and the correctness of any statistical procedures applied for the evaluation of results. Descriptions of methods should be supported by experimental results showing accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity.
If the paper presents analytical results, these should be qualified by inclusion of quality control data, including certified reference materials where appropriate, spike recoveries, blanks and other relevant information for validation of the presented results.
Referees also give consideration to whether the length of an article is commensurate with its interest to the scientific community. Papers that do not give due consideration to any/all of these topics may be rejected.
These may be articles providing a personal view of part of one discipline associated with Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts or a philosophical look at a topic of relevance. Alternatively, Perspectives may be historical articles covering a particular subject area or the development of particular legislation, technologies, methodologies or other subjects within the scope of the journal.
Critical reviews
Critical reviews must be a critical evaluation of the existing state of knowledge on a particular facet of environmental science. They should be timely and provide insights based on existing literature. They should be of general interest to the journal's wide readership. All Critical reviews undergo a rigorous and full peer review procedure, in the same way as regular research papers.
Authors are encouraged to identify areas in the field where further developments are imminent or of urgent need, and any areas that may be of significance to the community in general. Critical reviews should not contain any unpublished original research.
Frontier reviews
These are shorter, more focused versions of Critical reviews on a well-defined, specific topic area covering approximately the last two-three years. Articles should cover only the most interesting/significant developments in that specific subject area.
The article should be highly critical and selective in referencing published work. One or two paragraphs of speculation about possible future developments may also be appropriate in the conclusion section.
Frontier reviews may also cover techniques/technologies that are too new for a Critical review or may address a subset of technologies available for a given area of research within the journal scope.
Frontier reviews should not contain unpublished original research.
Tutorial reviews
Tutorial reviews should provide an introduction and overview of an important topic of relevance to the journal readership. The topic should be of relevance to both researchers who are new to the field as well as experts and provide a good introduction to the development of a subject, its current state and indications of future directions the field is expected to take. Tutorial reviews should not contain unpublished original research.
Comments and Replies are a medium for the discussion and exchange of scientific opinions between authors and readers concerning material published in Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts.
For publication, a Comment should present an alternative analysis of and/or new insight into the previously published material. Any Reply should further the discussion presented in the original article and the Comment. Comments and Replies that contain any form of personal attack are not suitable for publication.
Comments that are acceptable for publication will be forwarded to the authors of the work being discussed, and these authors will be given the opportunity to submit a Reply. The Comment and Reply will both be subject to rigorous peer review in consultation with the journal's Editorial Board where appropriate. The Comment and Reply will be published together.
These articles are written by our Highlights Editor on exciting work of relevance to the Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts readership. These articles do not undergo peer review.


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Introduction to Archetypes
What is Archetype?
In short, Archetype is a Maven project templating toolkit. An archetype is defined as an original pattern or model from which all other things of the same kind are made. The name fits as we are trying to provide a system that provides a consistent means of generating Maven projects. Archetype will help authors create Maven project templates for users, and provides users with the means to generate parameterized versions of those project templates.
Using archetypes provides a great way to enable developers work quickly in a way consistent with best practices employed by your project or organization. Within the Maven project, we use archetypes to try and get our users up and running as quickly as possible by providing a sample project that demonstrates many of the features of Maven, while introducing new users to the best practices employed by Maven. In a matter of seconds, a new user can have a working Maven project to use as a jumping board for investigating more of the features in Maven. We have also tried to make the Archetype mechanism additive, and by that we mean allowing portions of a project to be captured in an archetype so that pieces or aspects of a project can be added to existing projects. A good example of this is the Maven site archetype. If, for example, you have used the quick start archetype to generate a working project, you can then quickly create a site for that project by using the site archetype within that existing project. You can do anything like this with archetypes.
You may want to standardize J2EE development within your organization, so you may want to provide archetypes for EJBs, or WARs, or for your web services. Once these archetypes are created and deployed in your organization's repository, they are available for use by all developers within your organization.
Using an Archetype
To create a new project based on an Archetype, you need to call mvn archetype:generate
goal, like the following:
mvn archetype:generate
Please refer to Archetype Plugin page.
Provided Archetypes
Maven provides several Archetype artifacts:
Archetype ArtifactIds | Description |
maven-archetype-archetype | An archetype to generate a sample archetype project. |
maven-archetype-j2ee-simple | An archetype to generate a simplifed sample J2EE application. |
maven-archetype-mojo | An archetype to generate a sample a sample Maven plugin. |
maven-archetype-plugin | An archetype to generate a sample Maven plugin. |
maven-archetype-plugin-site | An archetype to generate a sample Maven plugin site. |
maven-archetype-portlet | An archetype to generate a sample JSR-268 Portlet. |
maven-archetype-quickstart | An archetype to generate a sample Maven project. |
maven-archetype-simple | An archetype to generate a simple Maven project. |
maven-archetype-site | An archetype to generate a sample Maven site which demonstrates some of the supported document types like APT, XDoc, and FML and demonstrates how to i18n your site. |
maven-archetype-site-simple | An archetype to generate a sample Maven site. |
maven-archetype-webapp | An archetype to generate a sample Maven Webapp project. |
For more information on these archetypes, please refer to the Maven Archetype Bundles page.
What makes up an Archetype?
Archetypes are packaged up in a JAR and they consist of the archetype metadata which describes the contents of archetype, and a set of Velocity templates which make up the prototype project. If you would like to know how to make your own archetypes, please refer to our Guide to creating archetypes.


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IBM announcent today that they will extend their support for IBM Notes/Domino 9.0.1 to September 2021. There has been some discussion in the community about Notes/Domino and IBMs future plan for the platform. What we know for a fact now is that Notes/Domino will be around to at least 2021. We also know that the IBM Domino Server is a core part of IBM Verse (and Verse on-prem is soon to be released) and that IBM is adding new functionality to the platform, like the possibility to use MS Outlook as your email client with IBM Domino Server as the backend. We also know that IBM will release Fix Pack 7 (FP7) for IBM Notes/Domino 9.0.1 in September 2017 which is a scheduled maintenance release, containing several bug fixes and some new features.
Will there be a IBM Notes/Domino 9.0.2 or maybe a 9.1.0? Or will IBM Verse take over as the platform name, only time will tell…
So what about todays announcement, that is IBM telling us? Well support for version 9 of IBM Notes, IBM Domino, IBM Notes Traveler, and IBM Enterprise Integrator are extended to September 2021. Support for the following associated entitlements is also extended to September 2021:
- IBM Sametime® V9.0 Limited Use
- IBM Domino Designer V9.0.1
- IBM Mobile Connect V6.1.5
- IBM Domino Global Workbench V9.0.1
IBM is also adding entitlement to your Notes/Domino license to use some IBM Connections 5.5 features. The features we are talking about is the Files and Profiles features.
- The Files feature helps users easily share content with other people and removes the need to send large files through email
- The Profiles feature helps users find the people they need by searching across the organization
As you know you can always contact us if you have any questions about this 🙂


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At Nielsen, we believe that our panels make our company stand out. We devote a great deal of time and resources to ensuring that our panels produce high-quality data. By combining big data with smaller data sets from carefully chosen and measured households, we believe that we provide a higher quality of insights than anyone else in the marketplace.
Behavioral methods data scientists care about the panelist experience because a great panelist experience leads to our best data collected, which leads to delighted clients. And to achieve that, we think of what the entire panelist experience is like. Was the registration survey easy to fill out? Is participation rewarding? Does the panelist feel like they are shaping their world? At Nielsen, our behavioral methods data scientists gather insights into our panelists, their experiences and devise ways to optimize data quality.
Many of the behavioral researchers who work in Nielsen's data science department have in-depth training in survey research, psychology, sociology and anthropology, among other fields. Some of these researchers focus on scientific and systematic collecting of information through methods such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, surveys, observation and usability testing. Using these qualitative methods, or methods focused on words and experiences rather than numbers and large-scale patterns, provides an understanding of panelist experience and identifies ways our data scientists can improve Nielsen's measurement. Next, we'll review the variety of ways research is conducted for Nielsen's world class measurement.
Behavior researchers use observation to see how people interact with meters, surveys and other measurement tools. Observation is perhaps the most basic data collection method in the behavioral sciences. It's valuable because it bridges the gap that can exist between what humans say and what they do. Think of when you visit your dentist—have you ever lied about how often you're flossing? Or perhaps you know someone who stretches the truth about how much they exercise when their doctor asks. People commonly misreport their behavior for reasons such as: having incorrect memories of an event, wanting to paint a positive picture of themselves by omitting "negative" behaviors, and wanting to please others by saying and doing the "right things." This leads research participants to distort the truth. Observation allows scientists to see what people are doing and overcome the errors of social desirability.
Surveys are useful for understanding beliefs, behaviors and attitudes in large groups of people and for collecting characteristic information. They can help to reveal patterns that are not always obvious in smaller data sets. They're also useful for gathering information on sensitive subjects, such as topics that people might consider private, or for gathering information to compare groups of people and their behaviors over time. Nielsen uses surveys to understand opinions and behaviors of current and former panelists. Among our surveys, we're most well known for our radio diaries, which survey people about the shows, stations and programming they enjoy. We are also well known for our Scarborough service, which surveys people about their print media, local television, shopping, and radio listening habits, to name a few.
Usability testing
Usability practitioners conduct testing to understand how people use websites, tools, and technology. Think about the last time you paid a bill online. Was the experience pleasant? Was it easy to navigate to the bill payment section of the site? Did you feel like the website looked trustworthy? If you answered yes to all of those questions, you experienced a well-designed site. Unfortunately, many websites are confusing and challenging for regular people to navigate. Usability testing is important because it involves watching real people use products and websites. Observation, combined with researcher questions, help designers understand how to improve their products. Usability testing has been used to upgrade Nielsen's computer and mobile panel web page, as well as our mobile app.
In-depth interviews consist of an interviewer and interview participants and typically last between 30 minutes and an hour. A well-run interview session is like a great first date, with the interviewer making the respondent feel comfortable while getting to know a great deal of detail about one or more areas of their life. Interviewers are trained in active listening, on-the-spot data analysis, and in asking probing questions. Interviewers follow pre-written lists of questions about one or more topics of interest. Data scientists might ask about pain points that panelists experience as part of their participation, as well as about the benefits of participating in a panel and exit interviews with individuals who are no longer in a panel.
Focus groups
Focus groups are designed to gather a range of opinions on one or more topics. Focus groups are typically made up of six to eight participants and a moderator trained in facilitating group dynamics and in asking open-ended questions. We use focus groups when we want to understand how a group of people might talk about an issue. Skilled moderators make participants feel like they're chatting with friends. The benefit is that the conversation will remain on the topic(s) of interest and can show diversity of opinions or that most people agree. Focus groups typically last between one and two hours and can involve questions, surveys, activities and idea generation. Panelists typically do not participate in focus groups, but they may be invited to participate after their panel participation is over to give feedback on future directions for research.
These methods allow us to better understand why and how the data we gather is generated. By talking to panelists, surveying them and observing their behavior, we can identify patterns that participants may not be able to share with Nielsen. We can also pinpoint sources of measurement errors, such as survey questions that may be unclear to participants, or difficulties with meters that may lead to reduced compliance.
Though the results of these initiatives generate smaller data sets that we don't always provide to external clients, they shape the choices and decisions we make internally and help ensure that the voice of our panelists affect the measurement decisions we make at Nielsen. This ensures that the data provided to our clients is top notch—the science behind what's next.


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Thanks to Charlotte at Stretching Your Budget for this great idea!
Spring is almost here! So, I thought it would be a great time to start planting a garden! Unfortunately it's not always easy to get the kids involved on such a large project. So, I've got the perfect solution for both!
If you're like me, you love to use Organic products without paying the steep price. My kids absolutely love yogurt and we can usually get it for Free at the grocery store after using coupons! So we have a ton of these little yogurt cups. I was trying to think of what I could use them for instead of throwing them away. Then the other day we got the Danonino Yogurt that had the awesome idea of planting seeds in them! They even come with a little pack of seeds! Even if you don't have this specific yogurt you can still to this project!
– Clean, empty yogurt cups
– Potting soil
– Seeds ( I would recommend herbs or something that will grow well inside)
– Water
– Kids that don't mind getting their hands a little dirty!
– Fill the container ¾ of the way full with soil
– Place the seed on top and then smooth over with more soil just until you can't see the seed
– Pour a little water in
– Wait for it to grow!
This is super cheap and easy! Kids love being able to get involved and get their hands a little dirty. Plus, they actually get to watch it grow. Then when it's ready you get to have fresh organic herbs to use in your favorite dishes! My kids are so excited about theirs!


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Muffler Brothers Complete Auto Repair has been proudly serving Ohio since 1980. With 17 locations throughout Ohio, there's sure to be one near you.
All locations are staffed with highly skilled, courteous technicians who care about you and your family's vehicles. Whether it's a scheduled oil change or an extensive repair, Muffler Brothers is here to help.
At Muffler Brothers, our goal is have you as a customer for life by offering affordable and honest automotive repair. We offer a full line of automotive repair services for your vehicle. Come see the Muffler Brothers difference!


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About NutriCology
NutriCology has been in the supplement and vitamin industry for more than 30 years. During this time they have made significant advances in the creation of hypoallergenic products, allowing more people to live a comfortable and healthy life. Through the use of exceptionally high-quality raw materials, NutriCology supplements—including pancreatic enzymes to hypoallergenic nutritional supplements—allow you to feel good. Choose from a variety of NutriCology products to enhance your diet and reach your health goals. PureFormulas carries a wide selection of supplements from NutriCology at a reasonable value, making good health affordable to everyone. These include hypoallergenic nutritional supplements for people with food sensitivities.


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"Deficit terrorists" are gutting governments and forcing the privatization of public assets, all in the name of "deficit reduction." But deficits aren't actually a bad thing. In today's monetary scheme, in which most money comes from debt, debt and deficits are actually necessary to have a stable money supply. The public debt is the people's money.
Former Vice President Dick Cheney famously said, "Deficits don't matter." A staunch Republican, he was arguing against raising taxes on the rich; but today, Republicans seem to have forgotten this maxim. They are bent on stripping social programs, privatizing public assets and gutting unions, all in the name of "deficit reduction."
Worse, Standard & Poor's has now taken up the hatchet. Some bloggers are calling it blackmail. This private, for-profit rating agency, with a dubious track record of its own, is dictating government policy, threatening to downgrade the government's long-held triple AAA credit rating if Congress fails to deal with its deficit in sufficiently draconian fashion. The threat is a real one, as we've seen with the devastating effects of downgrades in Greece, Ireland, and other struggling countries. Lowered credit ratings force up interest rates and cripple national budgets.
The biggest threat to the dollar's credit rating, however, may be the game of chicken being played with the federal debt ceiling. Nearly 70 percent of Americans are said to be in favor of a freeze on May 16, when the ceiling is due to be raised; and Tea Party-oriented politicians could go along with this scheme to please their constituents.
If they get what they wish for, the party could be over for the whole economy. The Chinese are dumping US Treasuries and the Fed is backing off from its "quantitative easing" program, in which it has been buying federal securities with money simply created on its books. When the Fed buys Treasuries, the government gets the money nearly interest-free, since the Fed rebates its profits to the government after deducting its costs. When the Chinese and the Fed quit buying Treasuries, interest rates are liable to shoot up; and with a frozen debt ceiling, the government would have to default, since any interest increase on a $14 trillion debt would be a major expenditure. Today, the Treasury is paying a very low .25 percent on securities of nine months or less, and interest on the whole debt is about 3 percent (a total of $414 billion on a debt of $14 trillion in 2010). Greece is paying 4.5 percent on its debt, and Venezuela is paying 18 percent – six times the 3 percent we're paying on ours. Interest at 18 percent would add $2 trillion to our tax bill. That would mean paying three times what we're paying now in personal income taxes (projected to be a total of $956 billion in 2011), just to cover the interest.
There are other alternatives. Congress could cut the military budget – but it probably won't, since this option is never even discussed. It could raise taxes on the rich, but that probably won't happen either. A third option is to slash government services. But which services? How about Social Security? Do you really want to see Grandma panhandling? Congress can't agree on a budget for good reason: there is no good place to cut.
Fortunately, there is a more satisfactory solution. We can sit back, relax and concede that Cheney was right. Deficits aren't necessarily a bad thing! They don't matter, so long as they are at very low interest rates; and they can be kept at these very low rates either by maintaining our triple A credit rating or by borrowing from the Fed essentially interest-free.
The Yin and Yang of Money
Under our current monetary scheme, debt and deficits not only don't matter but are actually necessary in order to maintain a stable money supply. The reason was explained by Marriner Eccles, governor of the Federal Reserve Board, in hearings before the House Committee on Banking and Currency in 1941. Wright Patman asked Eccles how the Federal Reserve got the money to buy government bonds.
"We created it," Eccles replied.
"Out of what?"
"Out of the right to issue credit money."
"And there is nothing behind it, is there, except our government's credit?"
"That is what our money system is," Eccles replied. "If there were no debts in our money system, there wouldn't be any money."
That could explain why the US debt hasn't been paid off since 1835. It has just continued to grow and the economy has grown and flourished along with it. A debt that is never paid off isn't really a debt. Financial planner Mark Pash calls it a National Monetization Account. Government bonds (or debt) are "monetized" (or turned into money). Government bonds and dollar bills are the yin and yang of the money supply, the negative and positive sides of the national balance sheet. To have a plus-1 on one side of the balance sheet, a minus-1 needs to be created on the other.
Except for coins, all of the money in the US money supply now gets into circulation as a debt to a bank (including the Federal Reserve, the central bank). But private loans zero out when they are repaid. In order to keep the money supply fairly constant, some major player has to incur debt that never gets paid back; and this role is played by the federal government.
That explains the need for a federal debt, but what about the "deficit" (the amount the debt has to increase to meet the federal budget)? Under the current monetary scheme, deficits are also necessary to avoid recessions.
Here is why. Private banks always lend at interest, so more money is always owed back than was created in the first place. In fact, investors of all sorts expect more money back than they paid. That means the debt needs to be not only maintained, but expanded, to keep the economy functioning. When the Fed "takes away the punch bowl" by tightening credit, there is insufficient money to pay off debts; people and businesses go into default; and the economy spins into a recession or depression.
Maintaining a deficit is particularly important when the private lending market collapses, as it did in 2008 and 2009. Then debt drops off and so does the money supply. Too little money is available to buy the goods on the market, so businesses shut down and workers get laid off, further reducing demand, precipitating a recession. To reverse this deflationary cycle, the government needs to step in with additional public debt to fill the breach.
Debt and Productivity
The US federal debt that is setting off alarm bells today is about 60 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but it has been much higher than that. It was 120 percent of GDP during World War II, which turned out to be our most productive period ever. The US built the machinery and infrastructure that set the nation up to lead the world in productivity for the next half century. We, the children and grandchildren of that era, were not saddled with a crippling debt, but lived quite well for the next half century. The debt-to-GDP ratio got much lower after the war, not because people sacrificed to pay back the debt, but because the country got so productive that GDP rose to meet it. (See charts below.)
That could explain the anomaly of Japan, the global leader today in deficit spending. In a CIA Factbook list of debt-to-GDP-ratios of 132 countries in 2010, Japan topped the list at 226 percent. So, how has it managed to retain its status as the world's third-largest economy? Its debt has not crippled its economy because:
- the debt is at very low interest rates;
- it is owed to the people themselves, not to the International Monetary Fund or other foreign creditors; and
- the money created by the debt has been used to produce goods and services, allowing supply and demand to increase together and prices to remain stable.
The Japanese economy has been called "stagnant," but according to a review by Robert Locke, this is because the Japanese aren't aiming for growth. They are aiming for sustainability and a high standard of living. They have replaced quantity of goods with quality of life. Locke wrote in 2004:
"Contrary to popular belief, Japan has been doing very well lately, despite the interests that wish to depict her as an economic mess. The illusion of her failure is used by globalists and other neoliberals to discourage Westerners, particularly Americans, from even caring about Japan's economic policies, let alone learning from them. [And] it has been encouraged by the Japanese government as a way to get foreigners to stop pressing for changes in its neo-mercantilist trade policies."
The Japanese economy was doing very well until 1988, when the Bank for International Settlements raised bank capital requirements. The Japanese banks then tightened credit and lent only to the most creditworthy borrowers. Private debt fell off and so did the money supply, collapsing the stock market and the housing bubble. The Japanese government then started spending and it got the money by borrowing; but it borrowed mainly from its own government-owned banks. The largest holder of its federal debt is Japan Post Bank, a 100 percent government-owned commercial bank that is now the largest depository bank in the world. The Bank of Japan, the nation's government-owned central bank, also funds the government's debt. Interest rates have been lowered to nearly zero, so the debt costs the government almost nothing and can be rolled over indefinitely.
Japan's economy remains viable, although its debt-to-GDP ratio is nearly four times that of the United States, because the money does not leave the country to pay off foreign creditors. Rather, it is recycled into the Japanese economy. As economist Hazel Henderson points out, Japan's debt is twice its GDP only because of an anomaly in how GDP is calculated: it omits government-provided services. If they were included, Japan's GDP would be much higher and its debt-to-GDP ratio would be more in line with other countries.' Investments in education, health care and Social Security may not count as "sales," but they improve both the standard of living of the people and national productivity. Businesses that don't have to pay for health care can be more profitable and competitive internationally. Families that don't have to save hundreds of thousands of dollars to put their children through college can spend on better housing, more vacations, and other consumer items.
Turning the National Debt Into a Public Utility
Locke calls the Japanese model "a capitalist economy with socialized capital markets." The national debt has been "monetized" – turned into the national money supply. The credit of the nation has been turned into a public utility.
Thomas Hoenig, president of the Kansas City Federal Reserve, maintains that the largest US banks should be put in that category as well. At the National Association of Attorneys General conference on April 12, he said that the 2008 bank bailouts and other implicit guarantees effectively make the too-big-to-fail banks government-guaranteed enterprises, like mortgage finance companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. He said they should be restricted to commercial banking and barred from investment banking.
"You're a public utility, for crying out loud," he said.
The direct way for the government to fund its budget would have been to simply print the money debt-free. Wright Patman, chairman of the House Banking and Currency Committee in the 1960s, wrote:
"When our Federal Government, that has the exclusive power to create money, creates that money and then goes into the open market and borrows it and pays interest for the use of its own money, it occurs to me that that is going too far…. [I]t is absolutely wrong for the Government to issue interest-bearing obligations…. It is absolutely unnecessary."
But that is the system that we have. Deficits don't matter in this scheme, but the interest does. If we want to keep the interest tab very low, we need to follow the Japanese and borrow the money from ourselves through our own government-owned banks, essentially interest-free. "The full faith and credit of the United States" needs to be recognized and dispensed as a public utility.
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The Mercer Durham is a 41-millimeter, cushioned cased timepiece that Mercer readily admits is inspired by watches from the catalogs of both Heuer and Nomos. Heuer, of course, references the Camaro's case, and Nomos, I think, refers to the German brand's bold use of color.
Despite its given size, the Durham wears quite a bit smaller, largely because cushion-cased watches like this often have stout lugs and smaller dial diameters. That's not to say the watch is without presence. In fact, the opposite is true. It's also quite comfortable on the wrist, and the 11.5-millimeter thickness allows the Durham to slip comfortably under a shirt cuff.
Read the full article here.


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Rechercher une page de manuel
Langue: en
Version: June 30, 2000 (fedora - 16/08/07)
Section: 8 (Commandes administrateur)
lwresd - lightweight resolver daemonSYNOPSIS
- lwresd [-C config-file] [-d debug-level] [-f] [-g] [-i pid-file] [-n #cpus] [-P port] [-p port] [-s] [-t directory] [-u user] [-v]
- is the daemon providing name lookup services to clients that use the BIND 9 lightweight resolver library. It is essentially a stripped-down, caching-only name server that answers queries using the BIND 9 lightweight resolver protocol rather than the DNS protocol.
lwresd listens for resolver queries on a UDP port on the IPv4 loopback interface, 127.0.0.1. This means that lwresd can only be used by processes running on the local machine. By default UDP port number 921 is used for lightweight resolver requests and responses.
Incoming lightweight resolver requests are decoded by the server which then resolves them using the DNS protocol. When the DNS lookup completes, lwresd encodes the answers in the lightweight resolver format and returns them to the client that made the request.
If /etc/resolv.conf contains any nameserver entries, lwresd sends recursive DNS queries to those servers. This is similar to the use of forwarders in a caching name server. If no nameserver entries are present, or if forwarding fails, lwresd resolves the queries autonomously starting at the root name servers, using a built-in list of root server hints.
-C config-file
- Use config-file as the configuration file instead of the default, /etc/resolv.conf.
-d debug-level
- Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level. Debugging traces from lwresd become more verbose as the debug level increases.
- Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
- Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to stderr.
-n #cpus
- Create #cpus worker threads to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified, lwresd will try to determine the number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be created.
-P port
- Listen for lightweight resolver queries on port port. If not specified, the default is port 921.
-p port
- Send DNS lookups to port port. If not specified, the default is port 53. This provides a way of testing the lightweight resolver daemon with a name server that listens for queries on a non-standard port number.
- Write memory usage statistics to stdout on exit.
- Note: This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future release.
-t directory
- chroot() to directory after processing the command line arguments, but before reading the configuration file.
- Warning: This option should be used in conjunction with the -u option, as chrooting a process running as root doesn't enhance security on most systems; the way chroot() is defined allows a process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail.
-u user
- setuid() to user after completing privileged operations, such as creating sockets that listen on privileged ports.
- Report the version number and exit.
- The default configuration file.
- The default process-id file.
named(8), lwres(3), resolver(5).
Internet Systems Consortium
Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2007 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")Copyright © 2000, 2001 Internet Software Consortium.
Contenus ©2006-2024 Benjamin Poulain
Design ©2006-2024 Maxime Vantorre


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Regular price $14.99 Save $-14.99Flight Numbers: 3 | 3 | 0 | 4
The Devil Hawk is a low profile putt and approach disc with a bullet shaped nose and a bead on the wing for stability. It also has a Thumb Track design for added control and feel.
This disc is basically a Wizard with 1/4-inch of rim depth taken out of the middle. This is our most over-stable putter in our Putt & Approach line.
Limit 2 per order


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House of Commons
Session 2010-12
Publications on the internet
The Register of Members' Financial Interests: Part 1
As at 29th November 2011
MORRIS, James (Halesowen and Rowley Regis)
4. Sponsorships
(a) Donations to the constituency party or association
Name of donor: Mr Tony Billingham
Address of donor: private
Amount of donation or nature and value if donation in kind: £2,500
Date of receipt:
Date of acceptance:
Donor status: individual
(Registered 15 September 2011)
6. Overseas visits
Name of donor: Conservative Friends of Israel
Address of donor: 45B Westbourne Terrace, London W2 3UR and Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Israel
Amount of donation (or estimate of the probable value): £974 from CFI; £574 from the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Destination of visit: Israel
Date of visit: 29 May-3 June 2011
Purpose of visit: fact-finding political delegation to Israel and the West Bank.
(Registered 13 June 2011)
Name of donor: The American Israel Education Foundation
Address of donor: 251H Street, NW Washington DC, 20001, USA
Amount of donation (or estimate of the probable value): £1,285
Destination of visit: Washington DC, USA
Date of visit: 21–24 May 2011
Purpose of visit: To attend the American Israel Public Affairs Committee 3-day forum on homeland security and counter-terrorism, to facilitate a conversation between American, European and Israeli allies.
(Registered 16 June 2011)


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How to Sell a Home When Budgets are Tight
Can sellers get the price they want when selling a home on a budget? Absolutely! If the house is in great shape, upfront expenses to sell are nothing. If the home needs sprucing up, knowing how to prioritize improvements boosts the return on the investment.
Real estate agents hear these questions most often from sellers on a budget:
- How much will we have to pay at closing?
- Which repairs do we have to make before putting our house on the market?
- What can we do to improve our home without spending a lot of money?
Another question also comes up: If we put our house up for sale by owner, will we walk away with more money? Knowing the answers to these questions ahead of time can help prepare sellers to get the most for their money.
Do Sellers Save Money with For Sale by Owner Deals?
Most sellers on a tight budget toy with the idea of putting their home on the market for sale by owner (FSBO). True, they will not have to pay a seller's agent commission—usually about 3% of the sale price. However, if the buyer has a real estate agent, the sellers need to pay their commission of 3% of the sale price.
For example, when a real estate agent sells a home for $300,000, the homeowners pay a seller's agent commission of $9,000. While for sale by owner sellers think they are saving a tidy sum in commission, they could be losing a significant amount of money on the sale of their home because they priced it too low or negotiated away too much of their equity.
Research by the National Association of Realtors found homes listed for sale by owner sold for a median price of $260,000 nationally in 2021. Homes listed with real estate agents sold for a median price of $318,000.
The real estate agents at Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Select Properties recommend listing your home with a professional to get what you want from the sale of your home. We have a wealth of experience helping sellers on a budget prepare their homes for successful sales.
How Much Does It Cost to Sell a Home?
It has been an exciting time to sell a house in the St. Louis area for several years. The median sale price of a single-family home increased to $285,000 in May 2022, up 3.6% from a year ago. About 6% fewer homes are for sale in St. Louis this year than last year at this time.
Despite the higher prices for homes and likelihood of a quick sale, some people who are thinking of selling their house have held off. Some are waiting because they are unsure about selling a home on a budget. Sellers usually do not have to pay anything until closing time, when they are receiving the proceeds from the sale. Some sellers choose to make improvements to their home before listing it.
Compete With Other Homes for Sale While on a Budget
When it is a seller's market, as it is now, some homeowners think they can sell their house as-is and still get the sales price they want. Selling a house as-is does save money and cuts down on time-consuming prep work. However, sellers who do not prepare their house for sale usually end up selling their home for much less than if they had invested some time and money into improving its appeal.
Instead of selling your home as-is, follow these steps to compete with other homes for sale:
- Find a real estate agent to help you get the best price while selling on a budget. Real estate professionals know how to price the house right, find potential buyers, and make sure the sales process goes smoothly.
- Declutter and deep clean your house. Some sellers rent storage units then move furniture, sports equipment, and other things cluttering the house and garage into it until the house sells. Homes in pristine condition sell best, so consider hiring professionals to come in and deep clean the house.
- Have the home inspected. Missouri does not require disclosure of repairs needed, but it is in your best interest to get an inspection and disclose any serious issues. On the other hand, Illinois does require disclosure of any material defect a seller knows about.
- Get estimates for repairs needed. When a house needs a major repair, the seller will be expected to fix it before the sale or drop the sales price. Thus, it pays off to be prepared when selling a house on a budget. Most sellers set the price of the house to reflect the repairs needed and disclose them. Also, when you know how much the repairs will cost, you will negotiate better.
- Make improvements strategically. Talk to your real estate agent about what will give you the greatest return on your investment. Does updating your kitchen appliances pay off? What about painting the walls, planting flowers, or putting in new carpeting?
- Fix minor problems. Buyers notice cracked tiles, holes in the walls, leaky faucets, and doors that do not close properly. These little things may give buyers the impression the home has not been cared for and strike it from their list of possibilities.
- Improve the curb appeal. Painting the front door, planting flowers, and putting a wreath on the door all improve a home's curb appeal. Some sellers hire a landscaper to clean up the lawn and add shrubs, plants, and flowers. And make sure visitors can see the house numbers from the street.
Consider one more way to speed up the sale of a home when budgets are tight: staging. To stage a home, create a space where buyers can envision themselves. Remove personal touches like family photos, unique artwork, and unusual furnishings. Then, rent neutral furniture, area rugs, and art, or pick up items at a thrift store. Paint the walls neutral colors. Staging a house almost always results in faster sales and higher selling prices.
What to Know About Closing Costs When Selling a Home on a Budget
All sellers incur expenses called closing costs when the sale of their home is finished. Sellers pay closing costs from the money they receive from the sale-- usually pay 8-10% of the house's sale price. Buyers typically pay 2-5% of the sales price for closing costs.
Closing costs for sellers include taxes, insurance, and the real estate agent's sales commission. The fees differ depending upon where you live. The breakdown of closing costs includes:
- Agents' commissions. In most cases, about 6% of the sellers' closing costs are commissions to their listing agent and the buyer's agent's commission. Each receives 3% of the house's final sales price.
- Escrow fee. This fee covers banking and office expenses related to the sale. It is usually about 1% of the sale price. Buyers and sellers normally split the escrow fee.
- Prorated property taxes. Sellers must pay property taxes for the time they owned the home during the year they sold it. These taxes are due at closing.
- Prorated HOA fees. Some Homeowners Associations require payment of dues for the number of days the seller lived in the home.
- Sellers in Illinois must pay a transfer tax which is .10% of the sale price in Metro East municipalities. Missouri does not have real estate transfer taxes.
Other potential closing costs include prepayment penalties from mortgage companies and funds the seller advanced the buyer as an incentive to complete the sale.
Cover Image by Todd Niemann by Canva.com
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"Carcinogenicity--we have done no testing for the carcinogenicity of MF59 adjuvant or any of our preventive vaccines. We haven't done it and we don't plan to." (See page 391.)And if that wasn't reckless enough, DHHS Secretary Sebelius has since given Novartis a liability waiver through the PREP Act for injuries their swine flu vaccines and adjuvants may cause, as long as Novartis lacks prior knowledge of the products' dangers.
Are you wondering what else they may not be testing for?


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The New Republic's Jonathan Chait recently underscored a view about Islamic militancy versus the West that is widely held on both the left and right and should be challenged. To quote Mr. Chait:
It is precisely because radicalism is so pervasive and powerful within the Muslim world that it is so vital to cultivate people like [Imam Faisal Abdul] Rauf. Cultivating dissidents within Islam against murderous sectarianism is a primary task in our fight against al-Qaeda….we are fighting a war for the hearts and minds of non-radical Muslims, and the Park 51 uproar is helping drive potential allies into the arms of the enemy. It is madness.
Are religious moderates really the key to our battle against jihadists and their sympathizers? (I'll ignore, for now, Mr. Chait's suggestion that moderate Muslims are so fragile in their moderation that Newt Gingrich's triumph in the "Park 51" battle would turn them into jihadist sympathizers, eager to see Americans again vaporized and burned alive.) Are our actions—at least the "cultivation" of Muslim moderates—so pivotal in this struggle? I'm not so sure.
Islamic radicalism isn't a new phenomenon, although the militancy that we've seen grow in the Muslim world since World War II has a different cause—modernity's relentless and merciless advance—than the irruptions in the past. But the galvanizing sentiments of militants today probably aren't that different from what drove their predecessors to rebellion. The Franco-Tunisian author Abdelwahab Meddeb, who wrote an insightful and sympathetic book about the Muslim world's travails, La Maladie de l'Islam ("The Sickness within Islam"), put it succinctly: Le monde islamique n'a cessé d'être l'inconsolé de sa destitution ("The Islamic world has remained inconsolable about its fall").
Whether we go back to Islam's first rebels, the Khawarij, whose most extreme foot-soldiers, the Azariqa, murdered Muslim women and children without compunction since Muslims who imperfectly practiced the faith could be lawfully killed, or to the numerous Shiite rebellions that punctuate Islamic history like volcanoes on fault lines, or to the Christian-crushing, Islamic-high-culture-pulverizing Almoravid and Almohad fundamentalist explosions in North Africa and Spain between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries, or to the Saudi-Wahhabi irruptions between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries, or to the Mahdist revolt in Sudan in the nineteenth century, or to Iran's Islamic revolution in 1978-79 and its Sunni aftershocks, of which Al Qaeda is the most lethal, we see devout Muslims who believe their world is in an ethical free fall.
What was once pure and powerful has become dissolute and subservient. A community that was once led by the Prophet Muhammad—the best of all men—is now led by despots who neither preach nor practice virtue (or most abominably in modern times, ape infidels). The most basic question for a believer in heaven and hell—salvation—has often been behind all the violence.
Although the primary material for critical periods of Islamic history isn't what it ideally should be, we can probably safely say that the moral suasion of "moderate Muslims," whatever they were at any given time, did not turn back Islam's many radical movements. The armies of establishment-loving Sunni caliphs and sultans, the bloody excesses and spiritual intensity of militant causes, and occasionally the military might of foreigners have been the critical factors in thwarting the triumph of those who felt, profoundly, the pulse of an angry God. Modern times have certainly intensified the speed and depth of the circulation of ideas and, therefore, the role of intellectuals (the Islamic world, unlike the multilingual, constantly warring states of Christendom, has always had a big, powerful pump—the annual Hajj pilgrimage—pushing ideas via the universal religious language, Arabic, through the Islamic community).
But this circulation has probably worked much more effectively for those who wanted to challenge orthodoxy than those who want to reinforce it. Moderate Muslims—hereby defined as those who just want to get on with their lives—have never been intellectually compelling, at least for those who like to read and write. It's a good historical guess that the experience of the Hajj—a believer's contact with a sea of faithful Muslims, stripped down to the most basic white clothing and literally walking in the footsteps of the prophet—makes fundamentalism's powerful, fraternal critique of modernity tempting to the faithful.
Having the Saudis, whose "pristine" Wahhabi doctrine is at war with the beauty and complexity of historic Islamic culture, as the rulers of Mecca and Medina also has not helped. (Meddeb's book is notable, for it is one of the rare books written by a Muslim who explores the catastrophic damage of Saudi influence in the Islamic world.) In the past, Sufism did heavy lifting in challenging Islam's dispensation for righteous militancy (although Sufism, too, as the Shiite Safavid triumph in sixteenth-century Iran shows, could be enlisted into rebellion).
But Sufism then was deeply mystical and paid homage to believers' never-ending love affair with magical men, whose guidance brings transcendence. Sufism today, as Feisal Abd Al Rauf's Sufi-lite writings clearly reveal, has lost much of its beauty and mysticism (unless you visit a New Age Western book shop, where Sufism remains as appealing as herbal tea).
The real truth about Rauf is that—despite the best efforts of his American champions and detractors—he is irrelevant. It's a good guess that if Rauf's writings become better known in the Muslim world, and the controversy surrounding the proposed Ground Zero mosque propel him from obscurity to literary fame, he'll become irrelevant and disliked. His occasional theme about an American Islam saving the Muslim world from its many maladies may make him popular among Muslim Americans, who probably didn't need Rauf to enumerate the advantages they have in the United States, but it's unlikely to gain friends in the Middle East, where Muslims tend to be a bit proprietary about their faith.
Rauf has redressed an idea that became popular among European intellectuals in the 1990s that a more moderate European Islam would spread from the Continent across the Mediterranean and through Turkey into the Islamic heartlands, eventually paving the way for a less troubled integration of Islam and modernity. This theory hasn't so far panned out, and European scholars who once believed in the possibility of such a mission civilsatrice for Muslim immigrants were always careful about expressing such views at colloquies and dinner parties among Muslims over there.
Fortunately, there are powerful moderating forces within the Islamic world. Probably the three most important are:
(1) Fallen radical Muslims. Moderate Muslims may not be intellectually competitive for those who are tempted by militancy and jihad, but fallen radical Muslims are. As more and more militants renounce their former passions—and we've got a rivulet among the Sunnis and an ocean among the Shiites—they develop a critique that translates well across borders and languages. And the Iranian example, here, is illustrative: The United States's principal contribution to Iran's war of ideas, which has produced a second intellectual revolution among Iranians (the Green Movement is a political byproduct of this astonishing religious transformation), was to just stand firm against Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's Islamism and to offer refuge to Iranian dissidents. This was not an insignificant contribution to Iran's internal tumult; lay and religious Iranians, however, did most of the heavy lifting. Iran's fallen revolutionaries are creating a society that ruthlessly critiques itself. Although not dead for the country's ruling elite, jihadism has vanished among most of the country's faithful, who were once the most committed holy warriors in the region.
(ii) The spread of democratic ideas throughout the Middle East. The appeal of democracy in the greater Middle East has not diminished with the end of the Bush presidency. Among both Muslim liberals and fundamentalists, it has become the standard for challenging the status quo. Democracy among faithful Muslims is a complex and at times contradictory discussion, but the competitiveness inherent in democratic discussions has had a significant effect on how Muslims in the Middle East conceive of the idea of legitimate government. Osama bin Laden and his more intellectual sidekick, Ayman Al Zawahiri, loath democracy among Muslims. They should. Once it takes hold, once Muslims as a religious community start debating ethics and governance, their critique of the world becomes nonsensical.
And last but not least, (iii) America's wars in the Middle East, but especially the war in Iraq. There has probably been no single event, including September 11 and the subsequent bombings in London, Madrid, and elsewhere in the Middle East, that has caused more moral indigestion in the Arab world. The horrors unleashed by Al Qaeda in Iraq and its allies, especially the slaughter of Shiite women and children, have made many Sunni Arabs reflect seriously on jihadism, which had an abstract appeal to many secular and religious Muslims when the casualties were primarily Americans and Israelis (or just Jews in general). Iraq and to a lesser extent Afghanistan (Afghanistan is geographically and culturally far away from the Arab Middle East) have made the abstract more real since Muslims, even if disreputable Iraqi Shiites, have been the main victims. Historically, it has been wars and civil strife, not elderly white-haired intellectuals having feel-good interfaith dialogues with middle-class Westerners and Arabs, that have probably done the most damage to the call of jihadists. When George W. Bush invaded Iraq he most certainly did not intend to break Al Qaeda's back, but this war, more than anything else, has helped to neutralize the appeal of bin Ladenism, at least among the Arabs.
For a variety of reasons, it's good to read Rauf's books and to debate his message and the propriety of the "Park 51 mosque." But among those reasons should not be an assumption that moderate Muslim intellectuals are an essential element in our battle against jihadism. Good men and women that they may be, they are just too far from the furnace that forged our enemies.