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Neolithic temple of Gigantija, Island of Gozo (Enlarge)
The Mediterranean island of Malta figures in the historical record of Europe due to its association with the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, who fled to Malta from the island of Rhodes in 1530. Yet this small island of 243 square kilometers has a far greater importance in European prehistory due to its extraordinary collection of megalithic temples. Situated 80 kilometers south of Sicily and 370 kilometers east of the Tunisian coast, the island of Malta appears to have been first settled during the early Neolithic period by a wave of immigrants from the island of Sicily. This appearance of Neolithic settlement is however strongly challenged by new research concerning a probable Paleolithic influence, details of which are presented throughout this essay. Before examining this new research, let us take a brief look at the orthodox, or conventional, theories regarding the origin and nature of human settlements on the island of Malta.
According to the suppositions of orthodox archaeologists, the remains of bones, fragments of pottery, and marks of fire indicate that human beings have lived on Malta since at least 5200 BC. These early people lived in caves, but later built huts and villages. Approximately 1600 years after their arrival in Malta, these people began the erection of stupendous megalithic temples. The ruins now remaining are the bare skeletons of once magnificent structures, mostly roofed over, paved, furnished with doors and curtains, and beautifully decorated with sculptures and paintings. Some archaeologists assume that the period in which the early Maltese progressed from their first rock-cut common graves to their last massive temple complexes was between 3800 and 2400 BC (assume, because there is absolutely no carbon-datable material that is associated with the large temples). Around 2300 BC this extraordinary megalithic culture went into rapid decline. A major cause seems to have been the extreme deforestation and soil loss that accompanied the increase in population and the attendant clearing of land for agriculture. Other causes may have been famine, social disruption in response to an oppressive priesthood, and the arrival of foreign invaders. Following the decline of the temple culture, Malta may well have been deserted until the arrival of Bronze Age peoples around 2000 BC.
On the islands of Malta and nearby Gozo, the remains of 50 temples have been found, with 23 in various states of preservation. No particular pattern emerges from the distribution of these temples and this may be explained by the probability that numerous temples were destroyed in antiquity and that others remain to be discovered. There are also numerous menhirs and dolmens scattered across the two islands, but their spatial relationship to the larger temple complexes has not been studied in any detail.
Nearly all of the Maltese temples are constructed in the same basic design: a central corridor leading through two or more kidney-shaped (ellipsoidal) chambers to reach a small alter apse at the far end. The Herculean outer shell of the walls are formed of great blocks of stone propped on end or on edge as orthostats. Internal walls are either of piled rough coralline blocks, or well-cut slabs set as orthostats. All the walls consist of two faces, the space between being packed with earth or rubble. Doorways and passages all use the trilithon principle: two orthostats parallel to each other to support a horizontal lintel. Frequently doorways consist of a 'porthole', in which access is through a rectangular hole in the center of a slab. The temples were probably roofed over with beams, brushwood and clay (the walls could not have supported the weight of stone roofs, roofing slabs more than two meters in length would have cracked due to their own weight, and no remains of stone roofs have been found).
Two different types of limestone were used in the construction of the temples; the hard, gray coralline limestone and the soft, pale globigerina limestone. Both of these stones were deposited in the Miocene geological period. The construction tools available at the time were hand-axes made of flint and quartzite, knives and scrapers of volcanic obsidian, wedges of wood and stone, hammers of stone and levers of wood. No metal tools of any kind have been found at the temples. Malta has no mineral resources and the flint and obsidian found on Malta and Gozo were most probably imported from the islands of Lipari (north of Sicily) and Pantelleria (south-west of Sicily). After the great blocks of stone were quarried they were transported with rollers and levers to the temple sites. At the building sites, the rollers were exchanged for stone balls so that the massive blocks of stone could be moved in any direction, rather than the forward and backward motion possible with rollers.
The earliest interiors were plastered and painted with red ochre. Later interiors were decorated with intricately carved spirals on steps and altars, friezes of farm animals, fish and snakes, and a simple pattern of pitted dots. Still evident are wall sockets for wooden barriers or curtains and niches for ritual activities. Some of the relief decoration is of such delicate work that it is difficult to understand how it could have been carried out using only stone tools. Artifacts and furnishings (now removed from the temples and placed in museums) indicate ancestor worship, oracular and fertility goddess cults. The temples seem to have been used only for ritual activity and not as cemeteries, for no burials have been found. Sacrificial flint knives are among the artifacts discovered in the temples but no human bones, indicating that sacrifices were solely of animals and not humans.
Neolithic temple of Hagar Qim, Island of Malta (Enlarge)
The massive ruins of Hagar Qim (pronounced "agar-eem") and Mnajdra (pronounced "eem-na-eed-rah") stand on a rocky plateau on the southwest coast of Malta, overlooking the sea and facing the uninhabited islet of Filfla, 4.8 kilometers away. This plateau is composed of two types of limestone; the lower, harder stone (gray coralline limestone) out of which Mnajdra is constructed, and the upper, softer stone (pale globigerina limestone) from which Hagar Qim is built.
The name Hagar Qim means 'standing stones' and previous to the excavations of these ruins all that could be seen was a mound of earth from which only the tops of the tallest stones protruded. Hagar Qim, possibly constructed in several phases between 3500 BC and 2900 BC, is built with some of the largest stones of any temple on Malta; one massive stone is 7 meters by 3 meters (22 ft by 10 ft) and weighs approximately 20 tons. The temple's soft globigerina limestone walls have weathered badly over the millennia and later temple builders used the harder coralline limestone such as is found at Mnajdra complex just down the hill. The ruins were first explored in contemporary times in 1839. Further excavations in 1885 and 1910 produced detailed surveys of the site and repair of some of the damaged structures.
The Mnajdra temple complex is located about 500 meters to the west of Hagar Qim, closer to the edge of the promontory facing the sea. Mnajdra consists of two buildings, a main temple with two ellipsoidal chambers and a smaller temple with one chamber. Among their other possible uses, the temples of Mnajdra fulfilled astronomical observation and calendrical functions. The main entrance faces east, and during the spring and autumn equinoxes the first rays of light fall on a stone slab on the rear wall of the second chamber. During the winter and summer solstices, the first rays of the sun illuminate the corners of two stone pillars in the passageway connecting the main chambers. Writing in his fascinating book, Underworld: The Mysterious Origins of Civilization, Graham Hancock gives more precise information on these alignments,
- As the sun crests the horizon on the spring and autumn equinoxes, 21 March and 21 September (when night and day are of equal length) its rays exactly bisect the huge Trilithon entrance to Mnajdra's Lower Temple, projecting a spot of light into a small shrine in the deepest recesses of the megalithic complex.
- On the winter solstice (20/21 December, the shortest day) a very distinctive 'slit-image' - looking something like the illuminated silhouette of a poleaxe or a flag flying on a pole - is projected by the sun's rays on to a large stone slab, estimated to weigh 2.5 tonnes, standing to there rear of the west wall of the Lower Temple's northern apse.
- On the summer solstice (20/21 June, the longest day), the same distinctive slit-image appears - but now with the 'flag' oriented in the opposite direction - on a second large stone slab, this time weighing 1.6 tonnes standing to the rear of the west wall of the Lower Temple's southern apse.
Similar to the Mnajdra temple, Hagar Qim has also been shown to have solsticial alignments. Concerning Hagar Qim, Hancock notes that,
Hagar Qim offers several alignments of the summer solstice. One, at dawn, is on the north-east side of the structure, where the sun's rays, passing through the so-called oracle hole, project the image of a disk, roughly the same size as the perceived disk of the moon, on to a stone slab on the gateway of the apse within. As the minutes pass the disk becomes a crescent, then elongates into an ellipse, then elongates still further and finally sinks out of sight as though into the ground. A second alignment occurs at sunset, on the north-west side of the temple, when the sun falls into a V-shaped notch on a distant ridge in line with a forsight on the temple perimeter.
Thus far, little serious research has been conducted on the celestial alignments of the Maltese temples. Further studies are likely to reveal a host of other astronomical orientations. However, one astonishing fact that has emerged from the studies so far done concerns an astronomical/mathematical dating of the temples that is many thousands of years older than that assumed by orthodox archaeology. Hancock writes that,
It is well known that the sun's rising points at the solstices are not fixed but vary with the slowly increasing and then decreasing angle of the earth's axis in relation to the plane of its orbit around the sun. These changes in what is known technically as the 'obliquity of the ecliptic' (presently in the range of 23 degrees 27 minutes) unfold over a great cycle of more than 40,000 years and if alignments are sufficiently ancient they will incorporate a degree of error, caused by changing obliquity. From the error it is possible to calculate the exact date of their construction.
In the case of Mnajdra, the alignment today is good, but not quite perfect because the rays that form the slit-image are projected two centimeters away from the edge of the large slab at the rear of the temple. However, Paul Micallef's calculations show that when the obliquity of the ecliptic stood at 24 degrees 9 minutes and 4 seconds the alignment would have been perfect with the slit-image forming exactly in line with the edge of the slab. This 'perfect' alignment has occurred twice in the last 15,000 years - once in 3700 BC and again, earlier, in 10,205 BC.
Neolithic temple of Mnajdra, Island of Malta (Enlarge)
In addition to their celestial alignments the Maltese temples also reveal surprising evidences of mathematical and engineering sophistication. One researcher, Gerald Formosa (Megalithic Monuments of Malta), has discovered numerous examples of the so-called Megalithic Yard of 2.72 feet. This mathematical constant, found at megalithic sites throughout the ancient European world, was first brought to scientific attention through the studies of Oxford Professor, Alexander Thom. In Hagar Qim and Mnajdra, examples of the Megalithic Yard are found in the measurements of the portal stones and in triangles etched on the temple floors.
These astronomical, mathematical, and engineering findings are mostly ignored by orthodox archaeologists because Maltese temple architecture is commonly assumed to have developed previous to and independent of any outside influence. D.H. Trump, a noted 'expert' on Malta (Malta: An Archaeological Guide), comments that, "That there is nothing looking remotely like one of these temples outside the Maltese islands, so we cannot use 'foreign influence' to explain them. The almost complete absence of imported pottery further strengthens the argument." But, how then, are we to explain the enigmatic presence of the Megalithic Yard. This undeniable artifact of great antiquity suggests that the temples of Malta, rather than being isolated ruins may in fact be part of a pan-regional (or global) sacred geography.
Another mystery concerns the statues of grossly overweight figures found in many of the Maltese temples. Their pleated skirts, generous thighs and small hands and feet have led them to being called fertility goddess deities. But they are of indeterminate sex, and furthermore, it has been noticed that the "ladies" have no breasts. As a result, archaeologists have now revised their names to the more accurate term of "obese figures." D.H.Trump comments that, "It must be admitted at the start that to describe (these obese statues), as is usually done, as a goddess or 'fat lady' may be no more than male prejudice. The sex is not explicitly indicated. Corpulence in women is frequently, though mistakenly, held to be a sign of fertility. If we call her a goddess from now on, this is a matter of probability and convenience rather than proof." Additionally, statuettes of men in skirts, with braided and pig-tailed hair, and numerous examples of carved phalluses demonstrate that the Maltese temples had a general fertility function that included both masculine and feminine elements. Nonetheless, it is true that certain figurines found in Malta, such as the Sleeping Lady and the Malta Venus, show that the Neolithic people of the island possibly had some sort of specific goddess cult.
Other important temple complexes are Tarxien, the Hypogeum, and Tas Silg on Malta and Gigantija on the nearby island of Gozo. The Tarxien site (pronounced "tar-sheen"), discovered by a farmer in 1915, is composed of three temples, one of which contains a famous statue of the lower body of a standing figure. Sometimes interpreted as a goddess statue by feminist writers (there is really no way of knowing this as the gender is indeterminate), it is one of the world's earliest known and most powerful representations of a deity (the statue in the temple is a replica, the original being in a museum in the nearby capital city of Valletta.)
Neolithic temple of Mnajdra, Island of Malta (Enlarge)
Another important temple, the Hypogeum at Hal Saflieni, departs from the norm of Maltese temples. Located close to the Tarxien temple complex in the modern suburb of Paola, it was discovered by chance in 1902 during the digging of a well. The Hypogeum is a multi-storey underground labyrinth (25 x 35 meters) consisting of chambers, halls, corridors and stairs, which over the centuries were extended deeper and deeper in to the soft limestone. Constructed (according to the orthodox chronology) between 4000 and 5000 years ago, the Hypogeum was both a sanctuary and a cemetery, and the bones of some 7000 humans have been found. The most impressive chamber, commonly called "the holy of holies" has pillars and lintels that are architecturally remarkable. With its walls coated in red paint, it has been suggested that the chamber was used for animal sacrifices. Another chamber, the so-called Oracular room, has a square niche cut into the wall that may have been used so that a priest's voice could echo around the temple. A mysterious quality of this particular room is that a man's voice will powerfully reverberate around the chamber while a woman's voice is all but absorbed by the ancient stones. The Hypogeum has been closed for much of the 1990's for repair and restoration but is scheduled to be reopened sometime after the beginning of the new millennium.
The recently excavated temple called Tas Silg is unique in Malta in that it shows evidence of continued religious use over thousands of years and by various cultures. Initially constructed as a goddess temple during the megalithic phase, it was used by Bronze Age peoples of the first millennium BC, next incorporated into a sanctuary of Astarte (the Goddess of fertility, beauty and love) established by the Phoenicians in the 8th century BC, maintained and improved by the Carthaginians, used by the neo-Punic natives as a shrine of Astarte-Tanit, adopted by the Romans as a temple of the goddess Juno, taken over by the Christians in the 4th century AD, and finally becoming the site of an Arab mosque in the 9th century.
The largest and best preserved of all the Maltese temples is on the small island of Gozo (a 20-minute ferry ride from Malta). Constructed (according to the assumptions of conventional archaeology) between 3600 and 3000 BC, the temple of Gigantija covers 1000 square meters and its astonishing rear wall still rises 6 meters and contains megaliths weighing in at 40-50 tons. According to local legends, the massive blocks of Gigantija (the word means gigantic) were carved in the south of Gozo by a female giant.
As mentioned above, orthodox archaeological opinion asserts that the islands of the Maltese archipelago remained uninhabited until roughly 5200 BC when Neolithic immigrants from the nearby island of Sicily first settled them. For a variety of reasons this settlement-dating scenario is now highly suspect. Research conducted by several scientists and synthesized, interpreted and reported by the ancient civilizations scholar, Graham Hancock, has conclusively shown a human presence on Malta many thousands of years before the dawning of the Neolithic. People did come from Sicily during the Neolithic but long before that time another group of people also journeyed to and lived on Malta.
During the process of gathering research for his book, Underworld: The Mysterious Origins of Civilization, Hancock was repeatedly drawn to the study of prehistoric Malta and, particularly, to certain matters that contradicted the conventional archaeological assessment of island. Primary among these was the fact that Malta was simply too small in size to have developed and sustained the necessary civilization that gave rise to the enormously sophisticated construction techniques found in the temples of Mnajdra, Hagar Qim, Gigantija and the Hypogeum. In other words, how do we account for the presence of twenty-three megalithic temples with no architectural antecedents and with no evidence for the large amount of local domestic architecture that would have housed the people who built and used the temples? Discussing this matter, Hancock writes,
How are we to explain the fact that the oldest free-standing stone monuments in the world, which by virtue of there size and sophistication unambiguously declare themselves to have been built by a people who had already accumulated long experience in the science of megalithic construction, appear on the archaeological scene on a group of very small islands - the Maltese archipelago - that had not even been inhabited by human beings until 1600 years ago? Isn't this counter-intuitive? Wouldn't one expect a 'civilization history' to show up in the Maltese archaeological record documenting ever-more sophisticated construction techniques - and indeed wouldn't one also expect an extensive 'civilization territory' capable of supporting a reasonably sized population (rather than tiny barren islands) to surround and nourish the greatest architectural leap forward of antiquity?
This notion of a more extensive 'civilization territory' contributing to the development of prehistoric Malta is something that, until a few years ago, was considered impossible. Two scientific disciplines outside of the bounds of orthodox archaeology have recently presented evidence to contradict this notion. Paleoanthropologists excavating in the caves of Ghar Hasan and Ghar Dalam on Malta found evidence of Neanderthal humans along with the skeletal remains of animals (European deer, bear, wolf and fox) known to be extinct long before the end of the Paleolithic era. While the Neanderthal could conceivably have made the sea voyage from mainland Europe to Malta during early Paleolithic times (though there is absolutely no evidence of such sea migrations anywhere in the Neanderthal record), the animals could not have made such a sea journey and would therefore had to have somehow walked to the region of Malta. But isn't Malta an island remotely located in the midst of a vast sea?
Malta has not always been an island and this fact we learn from oceanographers and the new science of inundation mapping. Around 17,000 years ago, at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, when the level of the world's oceans was more than 120 meters lower than it is today, the islands of the Maltese archipelago were the mountain tops of one landmass joined by land-bridge to Sicily (90 kilometers to the north), which itself was joined to the southern end of what is today the Italian mainland. Therefore, until 16,400 years ago, Paleolithic humans and the animals they hunted could simply have walked from Europe all the way to Malta. These people would have lived, hunted (and perhaps farmed) mostly in the lowland areas and (like so many other cultures of antiquity) might have constructed some of their temples upon the peaks of sacred mountains. Given the many thousands of years of time during which Malta was connected by land to mainland Europe and the likelihood of information exchange from other cultural regions of prehistoric Europe, it is eminently possible that the extraordinary architectural style of the Maltese temples could have been developed.
Then the ice caps began to melt and the level of the oceans slowly rose, relentlessly inundating coastal areas and the land-bridges between higher altitude regions. By 14,600 years ago, the land-bridge to Sicily had disappeared beneath the sea and by 10,600 years ago the waters had risen so high that only the peaks of Malta were above the seas, forming the islands we have today of Malta, Gozo and Comino. In the process of this inundation the social centers in the lowland regions would have been lost beneath the waters and the people would have retreated to the higher altitudes of the Maltese peaks or would have migrated northward to Italy and the mainland of the European landmass. The Maltese archipelago would henceforth be completely isolated from European cultural influences and would therefore display unique developmental characteristics, which is exactly the case found in the archaeological record. As Hancock says, "Perhaps this Paleolithic isolation rather than the Neolithic invasion (of 5200 BC from Sicily) was the real genesis of the distinctive character and achievements of Maltese civilization.
Perhaps, too, the great temples of Malta were not actually constructed during Neolithic times but are in fact artifacts of a much older Paleolithic civilization (remember, there is no radio-carbon or other archaeological dating to substantiate the orthodox assumption of a Neolithic origin of the Maltese temples). Perhaps the elegant astronomical alignments of the temples and the presence of advanced mathematics in their construction indicate that the island of Malta was once part of a pan-regional (or global) sacred geography, itself formulated by a long lost civilization of high scientific and spiritual achievement. To determine the answers to these questions it will be necessary to conduct much more extensive archaeological excavations on Malta and, equally important, at the many underwater archaeological sites known to exist in the waters surrounding the islands. Whatever their ultimate genesis however, the Maltese temples are places of power not to be missed by any serious pilgrim and earth mysteries aficionado.
Also of importance as a pilgrimage site, though of more recent origin than the great megalithic temples, is the Romanesque basilica of Ta' Pinu on the island of Gozo. Legends relate that in 1883, a local woman named Carmel Grima, when passing a small 16th century chapel, heard a voice telling her to pray. A friend, Francesco Portelli, affirmed that he had also heard the voice. They prayed together for Francesco's ailing mother and she soon experienced a miraculous recovery. More miraculous healings were thereafter reported and from thanksgiving offerings the present sanctuary was built in the 1920's. This sanctuary incorporates the early chapel, whose original caretaker, Pinu Gauci, lent his name to the site. In addition to being visited for its healing qualities, the Ta' Pinu shrine is sacred to sailors. Inside the shrine there is a corridor filled with paintings of shipwrecked sailors being saved by the Virgin Mary.
Basilica of Ta'Pinu, Island of Gozo (Enlarge)
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Budweiser's 2013 Super Bowl Commercial Tugs at the Heartstrings With Baby Clydesdale
Like they typically do, Budweiser will be featuring their famous Clydesdales in one of their 2013 Super Bowl commercials. We're still not quite sure what they signify. (Budweiser: so good even a giant horse will drink it?)
When the spot begins we meet a seven-day-old Clydesdale foal. We see the adorable little horse being raised by its handler, as the Fleetwood Mac song 'Landslide' plays in the background. (Clearly, you should be acknowledging that you are about to cry at this point.) After some training and some tender loving care, the Clydesdale is big and skilled enough to go work for Budweiser as one of the venerable brand's famous mascots.
Fast forward three years later and the handler reads that the Budweiser Clydesdales are coming to Chicago. So he drives to the parade hoping to catch up with his old friend.
At first it seems his buddy doesn't remember him, and marches by him with no acknowledgement. But when the parade is done, and the handler is headed home, dejected, the horse begins running toward him. They meet in the middle of the street and embrace. Well, the man hugs the horse. If a Clydesdale tried to embrace somebody it would probably end in tragedy. Anyway, what's important is that now you're crying.
The foal at the beginning of the commercial really was seven-days-old when the ad was shot, and Budweiser wants help naming the little fellow. So when you're finished wiping away your tears, you can tweet your name suggestions to #Clydesdale.


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The Cartographers Guild is a forum created by and for map makers and aficionados, a place where every aspect of cartography can be admired, examined, learned, and discussed. Our membership consists of professional designers and artists, hobbyists, and amateursall are welcome to join and participate in the quest for cartographic skill and knowledge.
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Arrowhead Union High School is a high school district with approximately 2,300 students. The high school consists of two campuses, for the most part, 9th and 10th graders are housed at South Campus and 11th and 12th graders are housed at North Campus.


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As a swimmer I am biased when I say there is very little for which swimming isn't beneficial. But even thinking objectively it is a fairly accurate statement. I recently covered the benefits of swimming as a recovery strategy between workouts for other sports, backed by peer-reviewed studies. Another area for which swimming is particularly useful is in the rehabilitation of injuries. I am using the word "injuries" here in a very broad sense, and for this article will focus on back injuries.
There are a few main reasons why swimming is a good rehabilitation tool:
- It is low impact. (Unless you are training to be an elite swimmer at which point you will be putting your body through a more intense, higher impact workout.)
- It is a form of active stretching – swimming technically will ensure full range of motion movements for many different body parts.
- It provides just enough resistance from water to provide, over time, sustained aerobic conditioning to the rehabilitating subject, allowing them to continue to workout while rehabbing at the same time.
It was a few years ago, during my "retired swimmer" career woman days that I herniated a disc from fairly intense running, which is ironic because my friends know how much I despise running, so why was I even running? But the fact remained I had a herniated disc, preventing me from further running, making walking fairly challenging, and lifting any kind of weight practically impossible. Consulting a colleague at the hospital I was given two choices: surgery or swimming. My first reaction was "No, not swimming!" Swimming to me was always associated with a structured program, "blood, sweat and tears," and competition. I certainly didn't want to go back to that at that point. But that wasn't what my colleague was suggesting, and it sure sounded a lot more appealing than having surgery on my back.
So, for the months that followed, I frequented the pool three times a week, experimenting with exercises to help me rehabilitate my back. At the end of my rehab period, and to this day, my back made a full recovery, without surgery. I run regularly without any back issues (and I mostly run against my will these days). So swimming – swimming is how I got there.
For back injuries swimming is particularly useful because swimming is not weight bearing. The water mostly supports you, and you swim close to horizontal, releasing most of the pressure associated with exercises where you need to stand. Now that pressure is not completely eliminated, and obviously the back is still engaged while you swim. Playing around with strokes can help alleviate some of this pressure further. Swimming backstroke is likely one of the best strokes for back injuries as you lay in the water in the supine position, allowing the water to support your back, in contrast to the other three strokes which are performed in the prone position.
My case was not severe and I was able to swim. In severe cases, swimming may initially not be a possibility, but getting in a pool and doing low impact exercises in an aquatic environment are a good starting point in rehabilitation. Start with getting in the water to chest level and walking the pool, eventually add some arm movement and gradually progress to full on swimming. This is a common recommendation by neurosurgeons for post-spinal surgery rehabilitation. You will also often find that physical rehabilitation facilities contain therapy pools used for low impact injury rehabilitation. These centers usually have faster rehabilitation rates than other centers.
Interestingly, a recent study in animal models of peripheral nerve injury suggests swimming is beneficial in the rehabilitation of rats following sciatic nerve crush. In this study the authors reported swimming applied during both the acute and late phases after axonotmesis (nerve cell injury that disrupt the axon) in rats accelerated nerve fiber regeneration and synaptic elimination – a process that is activity-dependent, favors monoinnervation and subsequent recovery of physiological muscle activity – ultimately increasing the rate of recovery from nerve injury. While the same studies would be unethical to perform in human subjects, there is mounting evidence that swimming accelerate the rates of recovery of patients with back/spine injuries.
In the spirit of election season I would propose, "swimming for president." But since President Obama has just been re-elected for another four years I will have to settle for proposing swimming as a prime rehabilitation tool for back injuries.


text:
Said the little boy, "Sometimes I drop my spoon."
Said the little old man, "I do that too."
The little boy whispered, "I wet my pants."
"I do that too," laughed the little old man.
Said the little boy, "I often cry."
The old man nodded, "So do I."
"But worst of all," said the boy, "it seems
Grown-ups don't pay attention to me."
And he felt the warmth of a wrinkled old hand.
"I know what you mean," said the little old man.
– Chel Silverstein


text:
Free Fight
Read on for UFC 153 main event results...
Stepping in on four weeks' notice to save Saturday's injury-ravaged UFC 153 event at the HSBC Arena in Rio de Janeiro, Anderson Silva moved up to the light heavyweight division because he said he owed Brazil a fight. He also gave them a knockout, stopping Stephan Bonnar in the first round after another performance worthy of a fighter considered to be not just the best in the world, but possibly the best of all-time. It's an assessment "The Spider" doesn't necessarily agree with.
"I'm not the best," said Silva, the longtime middleweight champion who is also 3-0 at 205 pounds. "I just believe that I can do things that people think are impossible."
Bonnar raced out of his corner at the bell, and while he didn't land with his first flurry, a slip by Silva allowed him to get the middleweight champ to the fence and keep him there for a bit. Silva refused to give up the takedown, and despite eating some short strikes, Silva soon turned the tables, pushing Bonnar to the fence and then breaking loose. Silva then stepped backward to the fence, daring Bonnar to attack, and the former TUF finalist did, missing with a spinning back kick and a punch upstairs. Silva then let Bonnar attack, but his speed and defense was too much for the Indiana native, and after tripping Bonnar to the mat, "The Spider" swarmed, dropping his foe with a flush knee to the stomach. Bonnar immediately covered up, but the follow-up barrage was too much for him to recover from, and referee Marc Goddard halted the bout at 4:40 of the opening round.
With the win, the 37-year-old Silva improves to 33-4; the 35-year-old Bonnar, who was stopped by something other than cuts for the first time in his career, falls to 17-8.
Watch the UFC 153 replay


text:
Integrating Crowd with Spring Security
The content on this page relates to platforms which are not supported for Crowd. Consequently, Atlassian can not guarantee providing any support for the steps described on this page. Please be aware that this material is provided for your information only and that you use it at your own risk.
Crowd provides centralized authentication and single sign-on connectors for the web security framework Spring Security. Spring Security provides a modular and highly configurable approach to authentication and authorization for J2EE applications.
If your web application already makes use of the Spring Security framework for authentication and authorization, you can use the Crowd Spring Security connector to allow your application to easily delegate authentication and authorization requests to Crowd.
Spring, Acegi and Crowd versions
Spring Security was formerly known as Acegi. There is a separate tutorial for integrating Acegi with Crowd. The connector is developed and tested with Spring Security 3.1 from Crowd 2.5 and later. Please use a previous supported release of Crowd if you require compatibility with Spring Security 2.0.4.
Please consult the Spring Security suggested steps or reference guide for a thorough insight into the Spring Security framework. You might also find useful information in our Appfuse integration tutorial.
This guide assumes developer-level knowledge and a Spring Security-based web application
This guide is for developers rather than administrators. This guide assumes you have Crowd 2.5 or later installed and that you want to integrate your Spring Security-based web application with Crowd's security server. The documentation below describes how to integrate Crowd with your own application that uses the Spring Security framework. It assumes you already use Spring Security in your application. If you need help integrating the Spring Security framework with your web application, have look at some of the Spring Security documentation.
- Download and configure Crowd. Refer to the Crowd Installation Guide for detailed information on how to do this. We will refer to the Crowd root folder as
. - Have your Spring Security-based custom application ready for tweaking. We will refer to your custom application as 'SpringSecApp'.
Step 1. Configuring Crowd to Talk to your Spring Security Application
Crowd needs to be aware that SpringSecApp will be making authentication requests to Crowd. In brief, you will need to do the following:
- Add the SpringSecApp application to Crowd.
- Add and configure the directories visible to SpringSecApp.
- Add and map the groups which are allowed to authenticate with SpringSecApp.
Please see Adding an Application for a detailed guide.
Step 2. Installing the Crowd Spring Security Connector
2.1 Adding the Crowd Spring Security Connector to your Spring Security Application
You will need to add the Crowd Spring Security connector library and its associated dependencies to your Spring Security application. You can do this manually by copying over the JAR files to your Spring Security application or, if your Spring Security application is a Maven project, you can add the Crowd Spring Security connector as a project dependency. Both methods are described below.
2.1.1 Manually Adding the Crowd Spring Security Connector Libraries
Follow either 2.1.1 or 2.1.2 (not both).
Copy the Crowd integration libraries and configuration files. This is described in the Client Configuration documentation. You will need to copy at least the following file to your Spring Security application:
Copy From | Copy To |
crowd-integration-springsecurity-X.X.X (this file is not included in the crowd distribution, you need to download it from packages.atlassian.com) | SpringSecApp/WEB-INF/lib |
CROWD/client/lib/*.jar | SpringSecApp/WEB-INF/lib |
2.1.2 Adding the Crowd Spring Security Connector as a Maven Dependency
Follow either 2.1.1 or 2.1.2 (not both).
Add to your pom.xml
<!-- Crowd needs at runtime -->
Ensure you have dependencies on the spring-
modules to pick up the versions of Spring required by Crowd rather than the possibly lower version specified by Spring Security.
2.2 Adding the Cache Configuration File
Copy the following file into your application's classpath:
Copy From | Copy To |
CROWD/client/conf/crowd-ehcache.xml | SpringSecApp/WEB-INF/classes/crowd-ehcache.xml |
This file can be tweaked to change the cache behavior.
2.3 Configuring the Crowd Spring Security Connector Properties
The Crowd Spring Security connector needs to be configured with the details of the Crowd server.
Copy the default
file to the classpath of your Spring Security application:Copy From
Copy To
and populate the following fields appropriately:Key
Same as application name defined when adding the application to Crowd in Step 1.
Same as application password defined when adding the application to Crowd in Step 1.
This is the time interval between requests which validate whether the user is logged in or out of the Crowd SSO server. Set to 0, if you want authentication checks to occur on each request. Otherwise set to the number of minutes you wish to wait between requests. Setting this value to 1 or higher will increase the performance of Crowd's integration.
You can read more about the crowd.properties file.
Step 3. Configuring your Spring Security Application to Use the Crowd Spring Security Connector
There are two ways you can integrate your application with Crowd:
- Centralized user management: The user repository available to your application will be the user repository allocated to your application via Crowd. This means that your application will use the centralized user repository for retrieving user details as well as performing authentication.
- Single sign-on: In addition to centralized authentication, SSO will be available to your application. If any other SSO-enabled applications (such as Jira, Confluence, or your own custom applications) are integrated with Crowd, then SSO behavior will be established across these applications. If you sign in to one application, you are signed in to all applications. If you sign out of one application, you are signed out of all applications.
First, you will need to add the Crowd client application context to wire up the Crowd beans that manage the communication to Crowd. You can do this by including the applicationContext-CrowdRestClient.xml
Spring configuration file, found in crowd-integration-client-rest.jar
. For example, if you are configuring Spring using a context listener, you can add the following parameter in your your Spring Security application's WEB-INF/web.xml
3.1 Configuring Centralized User Management
The following sections assume that you have the Spring Security schema mapped to the security
namespace. Perform the following updates to your Spring Security configuration:
Add the definition of the CrowdUserDetailsService:
<bean id="crowdUserDetailsService" class="com.atlassian.crowd.integration.springsecurity.user.CrowdUserDetailsServiceImpl"> <property name="crowdClient" ref="crowdClient"/> <property name="authorityPrefix" value="ROLE_"/> </bean>
Add the definition of the RemoteCrowdAuthenticationProvider:
<bean id="crowdAuthenticationProvider" class="com.atlassian.crowd.integration.springsecurity.RemoteCrowdAuthenticationProvider"> <constructor-arg ref="crowdClient"/> <constructor-arg ref="crowdHttpAuthenticator"/> <constructor-arg ref="crowdUserDetailsService"/> </bean>
Controlling granted authority names
Rather than taking the group name and setting a prefix, you can define a mapping to grant specific authorities when a user belongs to Crowd groups:
<util:map id="groupToAuthorityMappings">
<beans:entry key="crowd-administrators" value="ROLE_crowd-administrators" />
<beans:entry key="some-other-group" value="specific-authority-for-other-group" />
and then set it on the crowdUserDetailsService
<beans:bean id="crowdUserDetailsService" class="com.atlassian.crowd.integration.springsecurity.user.CrowdUserDetailsServiceImpl">
<beans:property name="groupToAuthorityMappings">
<beans:bean factory-bean="groupToAuthorityMappings" factory-method="entrySet" />
Further extensions
- If you have an existing user data model, then you can extend or wrap the CrowdDetailsService to cater for user objects within your application domain.
- If you require users within Crowd to be created in your application's persistence model so that you can store application-specific user data, you can extend the CrowdAuthenticationProvider to create records for successfully authenticated Crowd users.
Crowd's remote API
We recommend that applications do not store the Crowd users locally. Rather, applications should query users via Crowd's remote API.
3.2 Configuring Single Sign-On (SSO)
SSO is optional and requires centralized user management
Single sign-on is optional. If you wish to configure SSO you must first configure centralized user management as described in step 3.1 above.
Perform the following additional updates to your Spring Security configuration:
- Remove defaults from the
element:- Remove the
attribute and add anentry-point-ref="crowdAuthenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint"
attribute to the http element. Remove the
s for login and logout.
You should end up withhttp
elements similar to this:<http pattern='/styles/*' security='none'/> <http pattern='/scripts/*' security='none'/> <http auto-config="false" entry-point-ref="crowdAuthenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint"> <custom-filter position="FORM_LOGIN_FILTER" ref='authenticationProcessingFilter'/> <custom-filter position="LOGOUT_FILTER" ref='logoutFilter'/> <intercept-url pattern="/admin/*" access="ROLE_application-administrators"/> <intercept-url pattern="/passwordHint.html" access="ROLE_ANONYMOUS,ROLE_ADMIN,ROLE_USER"/> <intercept-url pattern="/**/*.html*" access="IS_AUTHENTICATED_FULLY"/> </http>
- Remove the
Change the default processing filter to Crowd's SSO filter by adding the following bean definitions:
<authentication-manager alias="authenticationManager"> <authentication-provider ref='crowdAuthenticationProvider' /> </authentication-manager> <beans:bean id="crowdAuthenticationProcessingFilterEntryPoint" class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.LoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint"> <beans:constructor-arg value="/login.jsp"/> </beans:bean> <beans:bean id="authenticationProcessingFilter" class="com.atlassian.crowd.integration.springsecurity.CrowdSSOAuthenticationProcessingFilter"> <beans:constructor-arg ref="tokenHelper"/> <beans:constructor-arg ref="crowdClient"/> <beans:constructor-arg ref="clientProperties"/> <beans:property name="httpAuthenticator" ref="crowdHttpAuthenticator"/> <beans:property name="authenticationManager" ref="authenticationManager"/> <beans:property name="filterProcessesUrl" value="/j_security_check"/> <beans:property name="authenticationFailureHandler"> <beans:bean class="com.atlassian.crowd.integration.springsecurity.UsernameStoringAuthenticationFailureHandler"> <beans:property name="defaultFailureUrl" value="/login.jsp?error=true"/> </beans:bean> </beans:property> <beans:property name="authenticationSuccessHandler"> <beans:bean class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SavedRequestAwareAuthenticationSuccessHandler"> <beans:property name="defaultTargetUrl" value="/"/> </beans:bean> </beans:property> </beans:bean>
Add the definition of the CrowdLogoutHandler and add in a LogoutFilter that references it:
<beans:bean id="crowdLogoutHandler" class="com.atlassian.crowd.integration.springsecurity.CrowdLogoutHandler"> <beans:property name="httpAuthenticator" ref="crowdHttpAuthenticator"/> </beans:bean> <beans:bean id="logoutFilter" class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter"> <beans:constructor-arg value="/index.jsp"/> <beans:constructor-arg> <beans:list> <beans:ref bean="crowdLogoutHandler"/> <beans:bean class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.SecurityContextLogoutHandler"/> </beans:list> </beans:constructor-arg> <beans:property name="filterProcessesUrl" value="/logout.jsp"/> </beans:bean>
Step 4. Restarting your Spring Security Application
Bounce your application. You should now have centralized authentication and single sign-on with Crowd.
For the purposes of Crowd integration with Spring Security, you should map Spring Security's roles to Crowd's groups. To put it another way: in order to use Spring Security's authorization features, users in Crowd will have their Spring Security roles specified by their group names.
The authorities granted will use the authorityPrefix
specified on crowdUserDetailsService
. If no suffix is specified, the authorities will append the Crowd group name.
For example if user 'admin' is in the 'crowd-admin' group, then the user 'admin' will be authorized to view pages restricted to the 'ROLE_crowd-admin' role in Spring Security.
<intercept-url pattern="/console/secure/**" access="ROLE_crowd-administrators"/>
<intercept-url pattern="/console/info/**" access="ROLE_crowd-users"/>
<intercept-url pattern="/console/user/**" access="IS_AUTHENTICATED_FULLY"/>
If authoritySuffix
is also specified, any user in the mapped groups configured in crowd will be granted "authorityPrefix
+ authoritySuffix
" (for example, ROLE_ADMIN).
<beans:bean id="crowdUserDetailsService" ...>
<beans:property name="authorityPrefix" value="ROLE_"/>
<beans:property name="authorityPrefix" value="ADMIN"/>
<intercept-url pattern="/console/secure/**" access="ROLE_ADMIN"/>
<intercept-url pattern="/console/user/**" access="IS_AUTHENTICATED_FULLY"/>
- Integrating AppFuse - a Crowd-Spring Security Integration Tutorial
- Integrating Crowd with Acegi Security
- Using the Application Browser
- Adding an Application
- Configuring the Google Apps Connector
- Mapping a Directory to an Application
- Effective memberships with multiple directories
- Specifying an Application's Address or Hostname
- Testing a User's Login to an Application
- Enforcing Lower-Case Usernames and Groups for an Application
- Managing an Application's Session
- Deleting or Deactivating an Application
- Overview of SSO
- Configuring Options for an Application
- Enabling OpenID client app
- Disabling the OpenID client app
- Allowing applications to create user tokens
- Configuring how users log in


text:
We've been putting together itineraries for over 25 years, so we've had our fair share of experiences. One of the most common questions travelers ask us is: How do you […]
Copyright © 2015 - 2024 Thomas Hogan Vacations
Thomas Hogan Vacations is the premier travel agency in Myrtle Beach with over 35 years in business, specializing in personalized travel experiences. Thomas Hogan offers travel destinations which includes a Spain & Portugal escapade, a cruise to Alaska, a Northern European cruise, a trip to Rome & Greek Isles, a Panama Canal Cruise, a cruise to the Southern Caribbean and a tour of Northern Italy. Custom vacation packages include roundtrip airfare, lodging & accommodations, dining, transportation and more. Thomas Hogan offers vacation packages for couples, groups or individual travel. Thomas Hogan Vacations is affiliated with Travel Leaders which gives us the best global travel contacts. Thomas Hogan's corporate office is located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.
1361 21st Ave N. Suite 109
Myrtle Beach SC, 29577


text:
Net Asset Value Weekly to 21 Jun 2024
27 June 2024
CVC Income & Growth Limited
(a closed-ended investment company incorporated in Jersey with registration number 112635)
Registered Office: IFC1, The Esplanade, St Helier, Jersey JE1 4BP
Weekly Announcement of Estimated Net Asset Values
The information contained within this announcement constitutes inside information.
As at 21 June 2024 the estimated net asset values ("NAV") per share1 of each class of the Company's shares are as follows:
Share Class |
Sedol |
NAV per share |
Weekly Performance % |
Month to date Performance % |
Euro |
€ 1.0509 |
0.1239 |
0.8251 |
Sterling |
£ 1.1488 |
0.1482 |
0.8693 |
The NAV per share figures in this announcement are an estimate, and are based on unaudited estimated valuations. The final month-end NAV per share may be materially different from these estimated weekly values, and the figures above should only be taken as indicative values which have been provided for information only. No reliance should be placed on them. Estimated results, performance or achievements may differ materially from any actual results, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, the Company expressly disclaims any obligations to update or revise such estimates to reflect any change in expectations, new information, subsequent events or otherwise.
This document is for information purposes only and is not an offer to invest. All investments are subject to risk. Past performance is no guarantee of future returns. Prospective investors are advised to seek expert legal, financial, tax and other professional advice before making any investment decisions.
The weekly performance figures are calculated by reference to the previous estimated weekly NAV per share. The month to date performance figures are calculated by reference to the NAV per share at the end of the last calendar month. Weekly and month to date performance figures are based on the NAV per share calculated to four decimal places.
The person responsible for arranging for the release of this announcement on behalf of the Company is Elliott Griffiths of BNP Paribas S.A., Jersey Branch, Valuations Manager.
The Company Secretary
BNP Paribas S.A., Jersey Branch
Tel: +44 (0) 1534 813800
Date: 27 June 2024
CVC Income & Growth Limited is regulated by the Jersey Financial Services Commission
1The terms of the Company's prospectus require the reporting of the NAV per share exclusive of current year income, in addition to the foregoing information. The NAV per share excluding current year income for the period ended 21 June 2024 is as follows:
Euro class: € 1.0453
Sterling class: £ 1.1437
RNS may use your IP address to confirm compliance with the terms and conditions, to analyse how you engage with the information contained in this communication, and to share such analysis on an anonymised basis with others as part of our commercial services. For further information about how RNS and the London Stock Exchange use the personal data you provide us, please see our Privacy Policy.


text:
call now for the nearest location
(866) 625-0002
open 24 hours – 7 days a week
The need for emergency dental care can arise at a moment's notice. An intense toothache can suddenly occur. Anyone, anywhere, could trip, fall forward, and end up losing a tooth. Fillings caps, and crowns can pop out. You might start writhing in agonizing pain because you need an emergency root canal. Fortunately, dental professionals can usually take care of such issues quickly and efficiently. Unfortunately, though, a person often doesn't have much time to get to the dentist before damage becomes permanent. For that reason, it's important to know where to get urgent dental care in Kahului.
First, you should educate yourself as to what to do in emergency dental situations. To take a few common examples, if you have a toothache, take aspirin and hold a cold compress to the affected area. If you lose a tooth, pick that tooth up carefully by the crown, gently rinse it off, and drop it into a glass of milk if you cannot fit it into its socket. If you lose a filling, stick a piece of sugarless gum into the cavity. If you have a chip tooth or broken tooth, retrieve and save the missing tooth piece, if possible, and apply gauze if your mouth is bleeding. And in all these situations, it's helpful to rinse your mouth out with warm water.
Most essentially, however, you need to get to your regular dentist or to a Kahului emergency dental clinic as fast as you can. In particular, in an instance of a knocked-out tooth, you're liable to lose that tooth forever if you don't receive emergency dental services within one hour. Therefore, as far as dental emergencies go, you're in good shape if you not only have a dentist open on Saturday but a dentist open on Sunday, and one who's open holidays as well. Even more helpful is a dental office open 24/7. With a 24 hour dentist, you're all set if your emergency occurs, say, at one a.m. And the best situation of all is belonging to a walk-in dentist office in Kahului that's open 24 hours. That way, your dental staff is accustomed to taking patients with no prior notice, and they should be able to get a dentist to treat you immediately.
As you can see, there's more to consider when you're selecting a new dentist than simply how effective she or he is at providing you with your bi-annual check-up and cleaning. Rather, it's crucial to look for a 24 hour emergency dentist in Kahului. But how can you find a great emergency dentist in Kahului, HI? A simple, effective solution is to turn to Dentist.24hourly.com, as millions of people already have.
Our staff knows all about emergency dental Kahului, HI, services. If you give us a call, we'll match you up with an outstanding emergency dentist in Kahului, HI, someone who will be there when your teeth or gums face their moment of crisis. Whether you prefer an emergency room dentist in Kahului, an emergency dental clinic, or a typical dentist's office, we'll make sure you're not left adrift when you have a major oral problem.
How does this program work? It's a simple two-step process. First, go to our website and locate our phone number at the top of the homepage. Second, give us a call at that number. One of our pleasant, caring staff members will answer — you can call at any time and on any day, including holidays and weekends — and he or she will conduct a brief, easy-to-complete interview regarding your dental situation and your preferences. Afterwards, you'll promptly be given the name of an emergency dentist in Kahului, HI.
Our representative will make sure that the emergency dental Kahului, HI, service we recommend will accept your insurance plan. And you can breathe easy knowing that we can find you an excellent dentist if you have any of these plans: AARP Dentist, AmeriGroup, Delta Dental, Tricare, Cigna, Metlife, Assurant Dental, Humana Dental, Guardian, Blue Cross, Aetna, United Concordia, or none at all. Yes, that's right: Even without insurance, Dentist.24hourly.com can recommend terrific places for emergency dental care Kahului. Equally reassuring, with a Kahului no insurance dentist that you are matched to will help you find a financing plan you can afford, and he or she should also be willing to accept a variety of payment methods.
24 Hourly Dentists, can recommend much more than emergency dental Kahului, HI, services. Whether you're seeking a place for Kahului, HI, general dentistry, cosmetic dentistry, oral surgery, teeth whitening, pediatric dentistry, sleep/anesthesia dentistry, or you need a children friendly dentist, Kahului Spanish speaking dentist, or family dentist, we can help you meet those needs. Every dentist we recommend has been rigorously pre-screened, and is endorsed by the ADA. Check out the dentists we suggest to you on Yelp; you might be delighted by the positive reviews you find.


text:
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — The beginning of the end for the first California judge recalled since 1932 began almost exactly two years ago, when Santa Clara County Judge Aaron Persky sentenced a former Stanford swimmer convicted of sexual assault to six months in jail instead of a long prison term.
A statement from the victim captured the national spotlight, recounting the ordeal of the investigation and trial, where she was cross-examined about her drinking habits and sexual experience.
"You took away my worth, my privacy, my energy, my time, my intimacy, my confidence, my own voice, until today," she said in a statement read in court before the June 2016 sentencing of Brock Turner.
Within days, a politically connected Stanford law professor who was friends with the victim launched a campaign to recall the judge.
On Tuesday, Santa Clara County voters agreed and recalled the judge from office after his nearly 15-year career on the bench.
"The broader message of this victory is that violence against women is now a voting issue," said Michele Dauber, an outspoken women's rights campus activist who launched the recall effort. She said the local vote will resonate nationally and underscores the staying power of the #MeToo movement.
"This is a historical moment in time. Women are standing up for their rights and there is a national reckoning."
Persky, who declined to comment Tuesday, said repeatedly that he couldn't discuss the case that spurred the recall because Turner has appealed his conviction. But in a lengthy interview with The Associated Press last month, he said he didn't regret the decision and was taken aback by the reaction.
"I expected some negative reaction," Persky said. "But not this."
Persky said he was adopting the probation department's recommendation to spare Turner prison for several reasons, including Turner's age, clean criminal record and the fact that both Turner and the victim were intoxicated.
"The problem with this recall is it will pressure judges to follow the rule of public opinion as opposed to the rule of law."
The California Commission on Judicial Performance ruled that he handled the case legally. Santa Clara County District Attorney Jeff Rosen didn't appeal the sentence.
The case sparked a national debate over the criminal justice system's treatment of sexual assault victims and racial inequities in court.
Persky is white and holds undergraduate degrees from Stanford and a law degree from the University of California, Berkeley. Many complained Persky showed too much deference to Turner, a white Stanford scholarship athlete whose parents could afford a private attorney. Activists pointed to numerous other cases in which minorities faced much harsher sentences for less egregious crimes.
The victim, who came to be known as Emily Doe, testified she was passed out behind a trash can when two men saw Turner on top of her. The two men, Swedish graduate students, yelled at Turner to stop and then chased him and held him down for police when tried to flee.
The Associated Press generally doesn't identify sexual assault victims.
Persky said he took the victim's experience into account when sentencing Turner.
But the judge said the publicity of Turner's arrest and trial and the young man's loss of a swimming scholarship also factored into his sentence. Turner is also required to register for life as a sex offender. Persky cited numerous letters of support friends, former teachers and employers wrote on behalf of Turner.
"I think you have to take the whole picture in terms of what impact imprisonment has on a specific individual's life," Persky said during the sentencing hearing.


text:
The All-in-One Technology
CodeMeter is the universal technology for software publishers and intelligent device manufacturers, upon which all solutions from Wibu-Systems are built. CodeMeter combines the following applications:
- Protection
You want to protect the software you have developed against piracy and reverse engineering. - Licensing
You want to license your software as safely and easily as possible, which includes crucial aspects like the creation of flexible licensing models, the integration of their delivery, and the management of their complete lifecycle with your existing backoffice systems. - Security
You want to safeguard your users against tampering and attacks from third parties.
If your needs match even one of these points, CodeMeter is the optimal technology for you.
CodeMeter as a Process
CodeMeter requires your attention only once: its integration in your software and your business workflow is necessary at one point in time only. Protection Suite is the tool that automatically encrypts your applications and libraries. In addition, CodeMeter offers an API for custom integration with your software.
CodeMeter License Central can be connected to your ERP, CRM, and e-commerce systems. Once integrated, you can:
- deliver your software as many times as you wish
- create licenses from these systems automatically
- transfer licenses to your customers using your backoffice systems or a separate license portal.
Essentially, each user receives the same software, but a different license that entitles him to use your protected software to the extent allowed by you.
Flexible Licensing: Dongle – PC-bound – Cloud – License Server
CodeMeter offers maximum flexibility. You have total freedom to define the license models and the repository where licenses are stored, and have the opportunity to mix and match the wide array of options available:
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- CmActLicense: The license is saved in a special file that is bound to the hardware of the target computer. You define the degree of tolerance to changes in the computer. When using virtual machines, you can specify whether the license remains valid if it is moved or copied to a virtual machine. Alternatively, you can employ unbound CmActLicenses via the CodeMeter Protection Only or the CodeMeter Trial License options.
- CmCloudLicense: The license is typically tied to one user and located on a secure server operated by Wibu-Systems in the cloud.
- License Server: The license is stored in a CmDongle or a CmActLicense on a license server in the LAN of the user. The user can also reserve licenses for network users, Active Directory groups, or specific computers and create usage reports.
More Than 4,000,000,000 Different Product Items
CodeMeter promises a secure future. With CodeMeter, you can license more than 4,000,000,000 different products independently. In each CmContainer, you can license up to 2,000 products simultaneously.
License Models
With CodeMeter, you can cover all common license models. These include:
- Single user licenses
- Network licenses
- Feature-based licenses
- Pay-per-use licenses
- Time-based licenses
- Named user licenses
Click here for the complete list of the license models we support.
CodeMeter Variants
CodeMeter supports the complete range of controllers, devices, and computers: from simple microcontrollers or mobile devices and software programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to personal computers and servers.
To cover all possible scenarios, CodeMeter is available in three variants:
Interested in a personalized offer for our CodeMeter technology? Just answer a few questions and our team will get back to you with all the information you need.


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Smart Ink compatible ink cartridges for your HP OfficeJet 6800 printer:
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Smart Ink offers high-quality replacement cartridges for your HP OfficeJet 6800 printers with a 2-year warranty and 24/7 customer support.
Using our Smart Ink compatible cartridges in your HP OfficeJet 6800 printer does not void the printer's warranty.
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How to install compatible ink cartridges in the HP OfficeJet 6800
What you need to know before the installation:
- Do not touch the chip or the ink port, which can result in clogs, ink failure and poor electrical connections.
- Avoid mixing cartridges from different suppliers simultaneously – the printer may not recognize them properly.
- If the HP OfficeJet 6800 has not been used for a long period of time, we recommend running the printhead cleaning cycle up to 3 times to remove ink residue (refer to the printer manual).
- The Smart Ink team strongly recommends using only high-quality ink from one producer to extend HP OfficeJet 6800 printers' life.
- Turn on your HP OfficeJet 6800 and open the cartridge access door. Wait until the carriage stops moving before you continue. This should take only a few seconds.
- Hold the ink cartridge for HP OfficeJet 6800 upside down for 1-2 minutes. Then remove orange protective cap carefully.
- Match the label color with the color on the carriage. Then install the cartridge into the corresponding slot.
- If the ink cartridge does not seat properly, remove it from the carriage. Gently bend the tab away from the cartridge, and reinsert it into the carriage.


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Privacy Policy
Richfield's Interiors ("We") are committed to protecting and respecting your privacy.
If you have indicated in any of the relevant areas of our site that you agree to our policies, you will be consenting to the practises outlined below.
This policy (together with our terms of use and any other documents referred to on it) sets out the basis on which any personal data we collect from you, or that you provide to us, will be processed by us. Please read the following carefully to understand our views and practices regarding your personal data and how we will treat it.
1. Information we collect
We may collect and process the following data about you:
1.1 Information you give us
This is information about you that you give us by filling in forms on https://www.richfieldsinteriors.com/ (our site) or by corresponding with us by phone, e-mail or otherwise. It includes information you provide when you register to use our site, subscribe to our service, search for a product, place an order on our site, participate in discussion boards or other social media functions on our site, enter a competition, promotion or survey and when you report a problem with our site. The information you give us may include your name, address, e-mail address and phone number, financial and credit card information.
1.2 Information we collect
With regard to each of your subsequent visits to our site we will automatically collect the following information;
(a) technical information, including the Internet protocol (IP) address used to connect your computer to the Internet, your login information, browser type and version, time zone setting, browser plug-in types and versions, operating system and platform;
(b) information about your visit, including the full Uniform Resource Locators (URL), clickstream to, through and from our site (including date and time), products you viewed or searched for, page response times, download errors, length of visits to certain pages, page interaction information (such as scrolling, clicks, and mouse-overs), methods used to browse away from the page and any phone number used to call our customer service number.
1.3 Information we receive
This is information we receive about you if you use any of the other websites we operate or the other services we provide. In this case we will have informed you when we collected that data if we intend to share those data internally and combine it with data collected on this site. We will also have told you for what purpose we will share and combine your data. We are working closely with third parties (including, for example, business partners, sub-contractors in technical, payment and delivery services, advertising networks, analytics providers, search information providers, credit reference agencies). We will notify you when we receive information about you from them and the purposes for which we intend to use that information.
2. Cookies
Our website uses cookies to distinguish you from other users of our website. This helps us to provide you with a good experience when you browse our website and also allows us to improve our site. For detailed information on the cookies we use and the purposes for which we use them see our Cookie Policy.
3. What we do with this information
We use information held about you in the following ways:
3.1 Information you give us
(a) to carry out our obligations arising from any contracts entered into between you and us and to provide you with the information, products and services that you request from us;
(b) to provide you with information about other goods and services we offer that are similar to those that you have already purchased or enquired about;
(c) to provide you, or permitted third parties to provide you, with information about goods or services we feel may interest you. If you are an existing customer, we will only contact you by electronic means (email or SMS) with information about goods and services similar to those which were the subject of a previous sale or negotiations of a sale to you. We will contact you by electronic means only, using the information that you have supplied us previously;
(d) to notify you about changes to our service;
(e) to ensure that content from our site is presented in the most effective manner for you and for your computer.
3.2 Information we collect
We will use this information;
(a) to administer our site and for internal operations, including troubleshooting, data analysis, testing, research, statistical and survey purposes;
(b) to improve our site to ensure that content is presented in the most effective manner for you and for your computer;
(c) to allow you to participate in interactive features of our service, when you choose to do so, as part of our efforts to keep our site safe and secure;
(d) to measure or understand the effectiveness of advertising we serve to you and others, and to deliver relevant advertising to you;
(e) to make suggestions and recommendations to you and other users of our site about goods or services that may interest you or them.
3.3 Information we receive
We will combine this information with information you give to us and information we collect about you. We will use this information and the combined information for the purposes set out above (depending on the types of information we receive).
4. Disclosure of your information
4.1 You agree that we have the right to share your personal information with;
(a) Any member of our group, which means our subsidiaries, our ultimate holding company and its subsidiaries, as defined in section 1159 of the UK Companies Act 2006.
4.2 Selected third parties including;
(a) business partners, suppliers and sub-contractors for the performance of any contract we enter into with them or you;
(b) advertisers and advertising networks that require the data to select and serve relevant adverts to you and others. We do not disclose information about identifiable individuals to our advertisers, but we will provide them with aggregate information about our users (for example, we may inform them that 500 men aged under 30 have clicked on their advertisement on any given day). We may also use such aggregate information to help advertisers reach the kind of audience they want to target (for example, women in SW1). We may make use of the personal data we have collected from you to enable us to comply with our advertisers' wishes by displaying their advertisement to that target audience;
(c) analytics and search engine providers that assist us in the improvement and optimisation of our site;
(d) credit reference agencies for the purpose of assessing your credit score where this is a condition of us entering into a contract with you.
4.3 We will disclose your personal information to third parties;
(a) in the event that we sell or buy any business or assets, in which case we will disclose your personal data to the prospective seller or buyer of such business or assets.
(b) if Richfield's Interiors or substantially all of its assets are acquired by a third party, in which case personal data held by it about its customers will be one of the transferred assets.
(c) if we are under a duty to disclose or share your personal data in order to comply with any legal obligation, or in order to enforce or apply our terms of use or terms and conditions of supply and other agreements; or to protect the rights, property, or safety of Richfield's Interiors, our customers, or others. This includes exchanging information with other companies and organisations for the purposes of fraud protection and credit risk reduction.
5. Data Collection
5.1 General
You may be asked to provide your personal information anytime you are in contact with Richfield's Interiors or an affiliated company. Richfield's Interiors and its affiliates may share this personal information with each other and use it consistent with this Privacy Policy. You are not required to provide the personal information that we have requested, but, if you chose not to do so, in many cases we will not be able to provide you with our products or services or respond to any queries you may have.
5.2 Website Visitors
By indicating that you agree to our policies, you consent to the collection and use of your Personal Data as described herein. We will seek your explicit consent to process Personal Data collected on this website or volunteered by you. Kindly note that any consent will be entirely voluntary. However, if you do not grant the requested consent to the processing of your Personal Data, the use of this website may not be possible.
Richfield's Interiors may collect, record and analyze information of Visitors to its website. We may record your IP address and use cookies. Richfield's Interiors gathers data about visits to the website, including numbers of Visitors and visits, Geo-location data, length of time spent on the site, pages clicked on or where Visitors have come from.
5.3 Retention and Deletion
Richfield's Interiors will not retain data longer than is necessary to fulfill the purposes for which it was collected or as required by applicable laws or regulations. You may request a copy of all the information we hold, but you must be able to provide proof of identification and ownership of the given account. This information will then be sent via email to, and only to, the email we have on record for that account.
You may request that all your Personal Data collected through the website is deleted, as required by applicable law. This will be carried out within a month of receiving the initial request. If we refuse your request, we will let you know well within the initial month and provide you with reasons as to why your request was denied.
6. Data Security
6.1 Physical Security
Our web server is housed in an Impact Level 5 (IL5) rated facility with 24/7 on-site security officers, CCTV and robust physical security. All key members of staff at this facility undergo Government SC clearance (National Security Vetting) and Metropolitan Police Vetting certification (NPPV).
6.2 Power and Resilience
The data centre is equipped with state-of-the-art power management, resilient fire suppression systems and Very Early Smoke Detection Apparatus (VESDA). Your data and equipment is safeguarded against loss through power failure by N+1 UPS systems and N+1 diesel backup generators.
6.3 Round the Clock Monitoring
Security related metrics are monitored constantly, both hardware and network, to ensure the systems perform to the highest standards 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
7. Your Rights
7.1 The right to be informed
You will be informed about the collection and use of your personal data in the relevant areas of our site; ie. contact forms etc.
7.2 The right of access
You have the right to access your personal data that we store, and any supplementary information. The right of access allows individuals to be aware of and verify the lawfulness of the processing.
7.3 The right to rectification
You have the right to have inaccurate personal data rectified, or completed if it is incomplete. You can request this rectification verbally or in writing, and we will respond within the allowed one calendar month. In certain circumstances, we may refuse a request for rectification, at which point we will inform you as to why your request was denied.
7.4 The right to erasure
You have the right to request that your personal data is erased. You can make this request either verbally or in writing. As with the right to rectification, we will respond to your request within the allowed one calendar month. However, this right is not absolute and only applies in certain circumstances.
7.5 The right to restrict processing
You have the right to request the restriction or suppression of your personal data. This is not an absolute right and only applies in certain circumstances. When processing is restricted, we retain the right to store the personal data, but not to use it. The request to restrict processing can be made either verbally or in writing, and will respond within the allowed one calendar month.
7.6 The right to data portability
This allows you to obtain and reuse your personal data for your own purposes across different services. It allows you to move, copy or transfer data easily from on IT environment to another in a safe and secure way, without hindrance to usability.
7.7 The right to object
You have the right to object to processing based on legitimate interests or the performance of a task in the public interest/exercise of official authority, direct marketing, and processing for purposes of scientific/historical research and statistics.
8. Changes to our Privacy Policy
Any changes we make to our privacy policy in the future will be posted on this page and, where appropriate, notified to you by email. Please check back frequently to see any updates or changes to our privacy policy.
9. Contact Us
Questions, comments and requests regarding this privacy policy are welcomed and should be addressed to firstname.lastname@example.com or Richfield's Interiors, Church Street, Church Gresley, Swadlincote, Derbyshire DE11 9NR.


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Much of Lebanon is without power following outages in the country's core power plants.
The Zahrani plant lost power on Saturday and the Deir Ammar plant shut down the day before, Reuters reports. Both outages are linked to the ongoing scarcity of fuel in the country. The two plants, among Lebanon's largest, are responsible for supplying 40% of the country's power, according to the BBC.
The nation's power grid is not expected to work again until "next Monday, or for several days," a government official told Reuters.
Protests erupted after the outages, with angry residents converging at the regional office of state-owned power company Electricite du Liban (EDL) in Halba, Al Jazeera reports. And in Tripoli, the current situation has exacerbated water shortages in the area, leading to backlash from the public and forced road blockages, according to their report.
Prior to the outages, citizens had for months only been given a few hours of electricity per day, according to a Washington Post report. That left many to rely on private generators, a costly and, for some, inaccessible option. Among those affected are those most vulnerable. A Lebanese hospital warned last month that if fuel shortages didn't improve, they'd be forced to shut down, the Associated Press reported last month.
The Lebanese Armed Forces is expected to give 6,000 kiloliters of gas oil to split between both plants, which will supply power to the country for three days, Reuters reports, citing National News Agency. EDL is also expecting to receive fuel from Iraq later this month, according to Al Jazeera.
This weekend's outages comes amid ongoing economic and political turmoil in the country. With the national currency having fallen swiftly and with many citizens struggling to survive, the World Bank has said that Lebanon is experiencing one of the worst economic crises to occur anywhere in the world since the 1800s.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Welcome to www.sprachnachweis.de!
The information website for study applicants offers you all you need to know about language examinations and language certificates required for studies in Germany.
Study Applicant
You want to study in Germany and look for information about the language requirements for admission to German universities? Our
function will assist you
On the website for universities, the universities can match the language certificates required for admission with the subjects which your university offers. Access to this site is possible only with a user identification and a password.
Knowledge of the German language is required for admission to studies in Germany.Which language examinations are relevant for admission to studies? With the assistance of the detailed descriptions of the examinations function you can look for information about the particular requirements for a specific course of studies. In addition to that, you can find


text: There's no greater fun than being born excitable. That's me. You can never get me down. I get excited even with failure and I try, and I try, even at the cost of being laughed at. No worries; I would hate to behave like a happy, but serious and steady, frog anyway. Jump around, I say, and time will come when you will see yourself out of that godforsaken slushpit.