text:
The latest published an effective statistical data titled as and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps Market. It defines about the recent innovations, applications and end users of the market. It covers the different aspects, which are responsible for the growth of the industries. Different domains are considered on the basis of the capital of and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps market. The analyst examines different companies on the basis of their productivity to review the current strategies. All leading players across the globe, are profiled with different terms, such as product types, industry outlines, sales and much more.
Get PDF Sample Copy of this Report to understand the structure of the complete report: (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) @ https://www.researchmoz.com/enquiry.php?type=S&repid=2788282&source=atm
The study throws light on the recent trends, technologies, methodologies, and tools, which can boost the performance of companies. For further market investment, it gives the depth knowledge of different market segments, which helps to tackle the issues in businesses. It includes effective predictions about the growth factors and restraining factors that can help to enlarge the businesses by finding issues and acquire more outcomes. Leading market players and manufacturers are studied to give a brief idea about competitions. To make well-informed decisions in and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps areas, it gives the accurate statistical data.
The analyst also focuses on economic and environmental factors, which impacts on the growth of the businesses. For global analysis, the market is examined by considering the different regions such as North America, Latin America, Japan, China, and India. Leading companies are focusing on spreading their products across the regions. Research and development activities of the various industries are included in the report, to decide the flow of the market.
segment by Type, the product can be split into For Non-Immersive Systems For Semi-Immersive Projection Systems
For Fully Immersive Head-Mounted Systems
Market segment by Application, split into Education and training Video Game Media Tourism Social Media
Based on regional and country-level analysis, the Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps market has been segmented as follows: North America United States Canada Europe Germany France U.K. Italy Russia Nordic Rest of Europe Asia-Pacific China Japan South Korea Southeast Asia India Australia Rest of Asia-Pacific Latin America Mexico Brazil Middle East & Africa Turkey Saudi Arabia UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Do You Have Any Query Or Specific Requirement? Ask to Our Industry [email protected] https://www.researchmoz.com/enquiry.php?type=E&repid=2788282&source=atm
Competition Analysis
This report examines the ups and downs of the leading key players, which helps to maintain proper balance in the framework. Different global regions, such as Germany, South Africa, Asia Pacific, Japan, and China are analyzed for the study of productivity along with its scope. Moreover, this report marks the factors, which are responsible to increase the patrons at domestic as well as global level.
In the competitive analysis section of the report, leading as well as prominent players of the global Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps market are broadly studied on the basis of key factors. The report offers comprehensive analysis and accurate statistics on revenue by the player for the period 2015-2020. It also offers detailed analysis supported by reliable statistics on price and revenue (global level) by player for the period 2015-2020.The key players covered in this study Augmented Pixels Aurasma Blippar Catchoom DAQRI Wikitude AR Circuits SkyView Anatomy 4D Blippar BuildAR.com Virtals EON Reality Inc. Google Zappar Wikitude
Reza Moh
It gives a detailed description of drivers and opportunities in and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps market that helps the consumers and potential customers to get a clear vision and take effective decisions. Different analysis models, such as, and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps are used to discover the desired data of the target market. In addition to this, it comprises various strategic planning techniques, which promotes the way to define and develop the framework of the industries.
You can Buy This Report from Here @ https://www.researchmoz.com/checkout?rep_id=2788282&licType=S&source=atm
The report's conclusion leads into the overall scope of the global market with respect to feasibility of investments in various segments of the market, along with a descriptive passage that outlines the feasibility of new projects that might succeed in the global and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps market in the near future. The report will assist understand the requirements of customers, discover problem areas and possibility to get higher, and help in the basic leadership manner of any organization. It can guarantee the success of your promoting attempt, enables to reveal the client's competition empowering them to be one level ahead and restriction losses.
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview
Chapter 2 Industry Cost Structure and Economic Impact
Chapter 3 Rising Trends and New Technologies with Major key players
Chapter 4 Global and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps Market Analysis, Trends, Growth Factor
Chapter 5 and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps Market Application and Business with Potential Analysis
Chapter 6 Global and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps Market Segment, Type, Application
Chapter 7 Global and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps Market Analysis (by Application, Type, End User)
Chapter 8 Major Key Vendors Analysis of and Japan Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Apps Market
Chapter 9 Development Trend of Analysis
Chapter 10 Conclusion
Contact Us:
Tel: +1-518-621-2074
USA-Canada Toll Free: 866-997-4948
Email: [email protected]
About ResearchMoz
ResearchMoz is the one stop online destination to find and buy market research reports & Industry Analysis. We fulfil all your research needs spanning across industry verticals with our huge collection of market research reports. We provide our services to all sizes of organizations and across all industry verticals and markets. Our Research Coordinators have in-depth knowledge of reports as well as publishers and will assist you in making an informed decision by giving you unbiased and deep insights on which reports will satisfy your needs at the best price.


text:
Some (or none) of you may have wondered what was I doing on a mid-June weekend. Me being me, I went to the city of Bielefeld and mentored in the first Founders Hack. It was a typical gloomy German weekend, yet the hackathon was probably the best thing I have seen in a while.
The best part of the hackathon were actually the teams. I was impressed with the stunning mix of experienced business professionals and pumped up techies. In fact each team without exception managed to deliver a well thought over and absolutely uptodate solution.
It started during the day.
And went on during the night. Some went on till 4am.
A big differentiator to other hackathons were the real life challenges. They were drawn from actual opportunities (or problems) and provided by industry leaders from the Bielefeld area: Wortmann, Miele, Boge, Alcina, Benteler, Claas.
Some went a step further e.g. Boge impressed by bringing an actual product to make the teams play with their machine.
Challenges focused on IoT and machine learning with 2 prominent IoT ones being: 1) build an IoT based business model for the laundry care in sharing economy, and 2) track spare- & wear parts in a complex machine. Then the machine learning challenges explored using external data sources to track fashion trends and ways to increase efficiency in farming with data from agricultural engines.
The final delivery was in the form of a short pitch in front of the cheering crowd in a fully packed theater. And the prize was a unicorn!
Now add to this the fantastic Lasse Chor who orchestrated the event with a ton of great vibes and the tiresome Founders Foundation team, and you have an unforgettable weekend.
This event has definitely left a mark. I believe it is the first time when I saw corporates connect with startups and take over the initiatives into their agenda. For me the secret sauce to make this work would be well summed up with few words: curated team building, well defined areas of interest and business opportunities for the corporates, unhindered access to corporate executives, energising moderation and mentoring.
Most importantly, there was plenty of food. Just kidding but there was indeed good food :). All the time!
"This is Bielefeld" – these are the true words of Jackson Bond from Relayr, the word is spreading. One thing is clear, entrepreneurship is no longer reserved for Berlin, Hamburg, München and Cologne.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
National Parks Foundation Wants to Get Texas Kids Outdoors
For Immediate Release: September 20, 2018
Big Thicket National Preserve Receives Open OutDoors for Kids Focus City Grant From the National Park Foundation
KOUNTZE, Texas, September 20, 2018– Big Thicket National Preserve and the City of Houston have been selected to receive an Open OutDoors for Kids Focus City grant for the 2018-2019 school year from the National Park Foundation, the official nonprofit partner of the National Park Service. With this grant National Park Service staff can continue working with our partners to facilitate educational field trips for fourth grade students in the Greater Houston Area. By working together to introduce young people to the public lands around them, we can help create a happier and healthier community.
This grant is part of the Foundation's Open OutDoors for Kids program which creates pathways for kids to explore and connect with park experiences. Beyond making field trips possible, the program raises local community awareness about the importance of connecting kids to the outdoors.
"Trekking along trails, observing our natural ecosystems and engaging with our shared history are experiences that benefit all children," said National Park Foundation President Will Shafroth. "Making it possible for America's youth to explore our national parks is an investment in their future and the future of the national parks community."
Open OutDoors for Kids – Houston (formerly Every Kid in a Park – Houston) provides field trip transportation reimbursements for field trips taken by Title I, 4th classes to more than three dozen amazing Greater Houston Area outdoor spaces. Teachers can easily book a field trip with one of many national, state, and local park partners who provide a variety of curriculum-based natural, cultural, and historical field trips correlated with Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS). More about this program can be found at https://www.hereinhouston.org/ekiphouston/.
Big Thicket National Preserve Superintendent Wayne Prokopetz said, "There's so much to discover at Big Thicket, and we're excited to welcome fourth graders and their families again this year. We hope that our young visitors learn and have fun in the great outdoors and develop a lifelong connection to our nation's land, water and wildlife."
For the full list of grantees and their projects, click here.
Big Thicket National Preserve is located in Southeast Texas, near the city of Beaumont and 75 miles northeast of Houston. The preserve consists of nine land units and six water corridors encompassing more than 113,000 acres. The Big Thicket, often referred to as a "biological crossroads," is a transition zone between four distinct vegetation types – the moist eastern hardwood forest, the southwestern desert, the southeastern swamp, and the central prairies. Species from all of these different vegetation types come together in the thicket, exhibiting a variety of vegetation and wildlife that has received global interest.
For general information about Big Thicket National Preserve, visit www.nps.gov/bith or call the preserve visitor center at 409-951-6700. Visit us on Facebook www.facebook.com/BigThicketNPS, Twitter www.twitter.com/BigThicketNPS, and Instagram www.instagram.com/BigThicketNPS.
Celebrating 50 years, the National Park Foundation is the official charity of America's national parks and nonprofit partner to the National Park Service. Chartered by Congress in 1967, the National Park Foundation raises private funds to help PROTECT more than 84 million acres of national parks through critical conservation and preservation efforts, CONNECT all Americans with their incomparable natural landscapes, vibrant culture and rich history, and ENGAGE the next generation of park stewards. In 2016, commemorating the National Park Service's 100th anniversary, the Foundation launched The Centennial Campaign for America's National Parks, a comprehensive fundraising campaign to strengthen and enhance the future of these national treasures for the next hundred years. Find out more and become a part of the national park community at www.nationalparks.org.


text:
Your employees are conversation starters and the front door to your brand 24 hours a day, 365 days of a year. Their reach, impact and conversations with their friends, colleagues, communities and networks they influence don't stop when they punch out for their day job with your organization.
According to Edelman's Trust Barometer, 41% of people think a company's employees rank higher in public trust than their PR department, CEO or Founder!
84% of people trust recommendations from friends and family above all marketing.
Check out this episode of the Social Zoom Factor podcast to learn why you should consider an employee advocate program to quickly power up your brand and business results!
We are also pleased to announce the first of a series of conversations and educational events to help business leaders understand how to develop and execute a brand advocacy program in their organization to increase employee engagement as well as increase brand awareness and business results.
This exciting new series is co-hosted and sponsored by our new partner, EveryoneSocial.
How to join the conversation and tap into the power of your employees to power up your brand!
- Download the EveryoneSocial white paper outlining 9 Steps to Develop an Employee Brand Advocate Program
- Listen to the podcast to learn why employee brand advocate programs drive results.
- Join the conversation on October 7th at 9pm et via #GetRealChat Twitter Chat.
- Register for the webcast scheduled for October 15th at 1pm et!
Episode Highlights
- How to join the conversation and upcoming events to help you build your own employee brand advocacy program
- Why you should consider an employee brand advocacy program
- Compelling industry statistics validating the trends and power of employee brand advocates
- Key performance indicators influenced by employee brand advocate programs
Supporting Resources:


text:
Sorry, nothing in cart.
Happy Twosday 2022 2nd Grade On Twosday 02-22-2022 Pop It Shirt
In Stock
5% OFF 2 items get 5% OFF on cart total
7% OFF 3 items get 7% OFF on cart total
10% OFF 4 items get 10% OFF on cart total
15% OFF 5 items get 15% OFF on cart total
Product Description
After months of speculation Happy Twosday 2022 2nd Grade On Twosday 02-22-2022 Pop It Shirt . It's official Rihanna is launching her own fashion label with LVMH. Simply called Fenty, the collection will include ready-to-wear, shoes, and accessories, and will be based in Paris. In a press statement, Rihanna said: "Designing a line like this with LVMH is an incredibly special moment for us. Mr. Arnault has given me a unique opportunity to develop a fashion house in the luxury sector, with no artistic limits.
Happy Twosday 2022 2nd Grade On Twosday 02-22-2022 Pop It Shirt, hoodie, sweater, longsleeve and ladies t-shirt
I couldn't imagine Happy Twosday 2022 2nd Grade On Twosday 02-22-2022 Pop It Shirt . A better partner both creatively and business-wise, and I'm ready for the world to see what we have built together."Rihanna's Fenty brand is the first fashion label to be launched by LVMH, which owns behemoth brands like Louis Vuitton, Celine, and Dior, since the conglomerate created the Christian Lacroix label in 1987. As the founder of Fenty, Rihanna will join the ranks of Nicolas Ghesquière, Jonathan Anderson, Hedi Slimane, Clare Waight Keller, and other LVMH-backed designers, proving that her brand of insouciant cool is just as covetable as a new Louis Vuitton bag or Slimane's bourgeois Celine boots. (Incidentally, Givenchy also teamed up with a music powerhouse today, naming Ariana Grande its new brand ambassador.)Bernard Arnault, the CEO and chairman of LVMH, said in a release: "Everybody knows Rihanna as a wonderful singer, but through our partnership at Fenty Beauty, I discovered a true entrepreneur, a real CEO, and a terrific leader. She naturally finds her full place within LVMH. To support Rihanna to start up the Fenty Maison, we have built a talented and multicultural team supported by the Group resources. I am proud that LVMH is leading this venture and wish it will be a great success."The biggest question now is: What does Fenty look like? Rihanna's past collaboration with Puma offers a sense of what we might expect—irreverent casualwear with haute inspirations—as does her Savage x Fenty lingerie collection—lethally sexy without being cheap. But with the resources of LVMH behind her, the options for Rih's own collection are endless. What's for certain is that when the inaugural collection is released later this spring, we'll all be in a full Fenty frenzy.
You Can See More Product: https://trendteeshirts.com/product-category/trending/
4 reviews for Happy Twosday 2022 2nd Grade On Twosday 02-22-2022 Pop It Shirt
The t-shirt is good quality, the print quality is very nice too.
Good quality, great fit, fast shipping. Thanks!
Lovely item thank you, communication poor, no response to my message and dispatch time to long for me . 9 days from ordering , it was therefore a gift that was delayed.
Good quality shirt, arrived quickly


text:
General Information
Filing Bug Reports
Please file bug reports on this Alpha release if you find any problems.
Known Issues
Refer to the Common F17 bugs page for a listing of issues, and any known resolutions, commonly found with this release. This page is maintained throughout the Fedora 17 developmental cycle.
Release Overview
As always, Fedora continues to develop and integrate the latest free and open source software. The following sections provide a brief overview of major changes from the last release of Fedora. For more details about other features that are set for inclusion in Fedora 17, refer to their individual wiki pages that detail feature goals and progress. Features for this release are tracked on the feature list page.
The Purpose of the Alpha Release
This release is an installable, testable version of the code and features being developed for Fedora 17 (Beefy Miracle). The software has bugs, problems, and incomplete features. It is not likely to eat your data or parts of your computer, but you should be aware that it could.
You have an important part to play in this release. Either install or run a Fedora Live instance of the Fedora 17 Alpha release, then try using a few applications or activities that are important to you. If it doesn't work, file a bug. This release gives the wider community a set of code to test against as a very important step in the process of making a solid Fedora 17 release. You can make the Fedora 17 release better by testing this release and reporting your findings.
What's New in Fedora 17 Alpha
Beefy Miracle, as expected, is a beefy release, loaded with tasty new features to delight the palate of the most finicky diners.
Of course, we have the latest in GNOME and KDE Desktops. The Miracle includes GNOME 3.4 and KDE 4.8. There is also a rendering improvement to let more users, even those with older hardware, enjoy the GNOME shell goodness. The Beefy Miracle plays well with sweet things, too; the release includes an updated Sugar desktop and multitouch support.
Beefy Miracle flies high above the clouds with OpenStack and additional cloudy features including Eucalyptus, CloudStack and Open Nebula.
End users will see support for ICC profiles for color printing, a new and greatly improved gimp, and more consistent and sensible password checking.
Virtualization features continue to ramp up, a new virtual storage architecture, a virtualization sandbox, performance monitoring for guest, and a new live blockcopy feature.
To be beefy, all systems tools into /usr which reduce files spread, confusion about overall file system layout and improve compatibility. With that in the belly, it is possible to snapshot /usr and do an upgrade safely and quietly, in addition of ability to share and mount /usr read-only. About security, firewalld introduced [at Lovelock|in Fedora 15], will be now default firewall solution. Dynamic firewall rules management by a daemon, and an additional feature with Network Zone to classify network connections according to their trust level.
And for developers, well, the features just won't quit. The Opa language is new to Fedora, and gcc, D, PHP, Java, Ruby, Haskell and Erlang all see updates in the Beefy Miracle. Additional developer condiments include an update of Eclipse to Juno, DIET middleware for grid computing, an updated JBoss application server, improved dependency checking for KDE, and so much more.
Additional Information
How to Try Alpha
This release is accompanied by installable live media of both the GNOME and KDE desktops. With live media users can perform testing and demonstration without installing any software to the hard disk. As this release is largely targeted at developers and contains many bleeding edge packages, this is the best method for less experienced users who want to get involved with testing. The Live media also have an option to install Fedora to an hard disk for the more intrepid users.
The best way to download this release is through BitTorrent -- visit the Fedora torrent server for a listing of available images. Release images can also be downloaded from any of our mirrors. Remember that live images can be used on USB media via the livecd-iso-to-disk utility available in the livecd-tools package on existing Fedora systems. Refer to the USB How-to for more instructions.
Verify Fedora
Fedora does not publish MD5 or SHA1 hashes to verify images since they are not secure enough. Instead we have been using SHA256 since Fedora 11. In Linux, you can use sha256sum command (part of coreutils and installed by default) to verify the Fedora image:
sha256sum -c *-CHECKSUM
Windows users can use the free to download utility HashCalc.
Mac OS X users can use the free to download utility hashtab.
Fedora GPG signatures can be verified following the instructions here.
Debugging Information And Performance
Fedora kernels have many extensive debugging options during the developmental cycle that have a negative impact on performance but provide developers with more information automatically, in the case of bug reports. If you are running performance analysis on Rawhide or test releases such as Alpha or Beta, make sure you take this into account.
Fedora 17 Release Schedule And Feature Details
Development continues on Rawhide during and after this release, leading to the beta, then the final release. The links below provide the release schedule for both the pre-releases and the final release, as well as the wiki's pages for tracking the various features planned for inclusion in Fedora 17.


text:
The fast-food worker strikes are expanding to more U.S. cities and going global.
Workers in up to 150 cities across the country are planning to strike on May 15, according to labor organizers.
The movement is also headed overseas, with plans for workers to join protests in 33 countries.
On Wednesday, the workers announced the protests outside a McDonald's in New York City, and delivered a letter that called on the fast food giant to raise wages and respect workers' rights worldwide.
However, security guards didn't allow the workers to bring the letter inside the restaurant. So, they posted the letter on the door. It was removed soon after.
The protest movement, which originated in 2012 in New York, last year spread to about 100 cities, including Boston, Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles and Memphis.
Workers from fast food giants like McDonald's (MCD), Burger King (BKW), Wendy's (WEN) and Yum! Brands (YUM), owner of KFC, have been walking off their jobs, calling on employers to pay them a minimum wage of $15 an hour and allow them to form unions without retaliation.
Currently, the median pay for the fast food workers across the country is just over $9 an hour, or about $18,500 a year. That's roughly $4,500 lower than Census Bureau's poverty income threshold level of $23,000 for a family of four.
Frankie Tisdale, a 26-year-old worker from a KFC in Brooklyn said he will join the strike with fellow workers next week.
Tisdale lives in his father's house in Brooklyn with his girlfriend and two young children. He earns $8 an hour and works between 14 and 23 hours a week.
With less than $200 a week, he sometimes has to choose between buying food for the family and taking his kids' clothes for a wash to the laundromat. He said it's too expensive to eat at the KFC where he works so he never does. "Everything costs more. Why can't my pay go up?" Tisdale says.
Related: Worker wages: Wendy's vs. Wal-Mart vs. Costco
In the past year, many states and cities have taken action by raising the minimum wage. This year alone, Connecticut, Maryland, Hawaii and New Jersey raised the minimum wage for workers.
Organizers see these actions as a testimonial to the success of their campaigns. The latest protests are backed by the International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations, a federation composed of 396 trade unions in 126 countries representing a combined 12 million workers.
Earlier this year, workers in three states filed class-action lawsuits against McDonald's alleging widespread and systematic wage theft.
Related: The real budgets of McDonald's workers
Labor experts say there have been scattered attempts to organize in previous decades, but very little in the fast food industry has stuck. Many say that's because there is a high labor turnover rate in the industry.
In its latest annual report, McDonald's acknowledged that the threat of strikes could potentially have an impact on earnings and sales.
In a statement, McDonald's said it offers "part-time and full-time employment, benefits and competitive pay based on the local marketplace and job level." The company, and its franchisees, "are committed to providing our respective employees with opportunities to succeed."
McDonald's also said that about 80% of its restaurants globally are independently owned and operated by small business owners.


text:
I have sold a property at 12161 CHERRYWOOD DR in Maple Ridge.
Fabulous family home with a VIEW! Nestled on a quiet street in a family oriented neighbourhood. Featuring just under 2900sqft of functional living space, this home boasts 3 large bdrms up plus 1 bdrm down. The BRIGHT open concept kitchen/family room offers vaulted ceiling, wide plank gray wood flooring, brand NEW stainless-steel appliance Pkg- including GAS RANGE, stylish white cabinetry & a pantry. The LVGRM is bright & spacious offering a fabulous view of Golden Ears Park. Good sized master bdrm w/ vaulted ceilings, walk-in-closet & ensuite w/ SOAKER TUB. Bonus: NEW ROOF, water tank, 2 bdrm mortgage helper, larger W exposed backyard w/ small shop (220 wiring ready to go). close to commuting routes; Harry Hooge Elementary, recreation & shopping.


text:
By James W. Prescott
From "The Bulletin of The Atomic Scientists", November 1975, pp. 10-20
(Introduction of the article in the "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists":)
James W. Prescott, a neuropsychologist, is a health scientist administrator at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Bethesda, Maryland. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the American Humanist Association. This article appeared in part in the April 1975 issue of The Futurist, published by the World Future Society, and is reprinted here with their permission. The views and opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position of the National Institutes of Health.
A neuropsychologist contends that the greatest threat to world peace comes from those nations which have the most depriving environments for their children and which are most repressive of sexual affection and female sexuality.
James W. Prescott Human violence is fast becoming a global epidemic. All over the world, police face angry mobs, terrorists disrupt the Olympics, hijackers seize airplanes, and bombs wreck buildings. During the past year, wars raged in the Middle East, Cyprus, and Southeast Asia, and guerrilla fighting continued to escalate in Ireland. Meanwhile, crime in the United States grew even faster than inflation. Figures from the Federal Bureau of Investigation show that serious crimes rose 16 percent in the first six months of 1974—one of the largest crime increases since FBI record-keeping began.
Unless the causes of violence are isolated and treated, we will continue to live in a world of fear and apprehension. Unfortunately, violence is often offered as a solution to violence. Many law enforcement officials advocate 'get tough' policies as the best method to reduce crime. Imprisoning people, our usual way of dealing with crime, will not solve the problem, because the causes of violence lie in our basic values and the way in which we bring up our children and youth. Physical punishment, violent films and TV programs teach our children that physical violence is normal. But these early life experiences are not the only or even the main source of violent behavior. Recent research supports the point of view that the deprivation of physical pleasure is a major ingredient in the expression of physical violence. The common as-
p. 11, November 1975, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistssociation of sex with violence provides a clue to understanding physical violence in terms of deprivation of physical pleasure.
Unlike violence, pleasure seems to be something the world can't get enough of. People are constantly in search of new forms of pleasure, yet most of our 'pleasure' activities appear to be substitutes for the natural sensory pleasures of touching. We touch for pleasure or for pain or we don't touch at all. Although physical pleasure and physical violence seem worlds apart, there seems to be a subtle and intimate connection between the two. Until the relationship between pleasure and violence is understood, violence will continue to escalate.
As a developmental neuropsychologist I have devoted a great deal of study to the peculiar relationship between violence and pleasure. I am now convinced that the deprivation of physical sensory pleasure is the principal root cause of violence. Laboratory experiments with animals show that pleasure and violence have a reciprocal relationship, that is, the presence of one inhibits the other. A raging, violent animal will abruptly calm down when electrodes stimulate the pleasure centers of its brain. Likewise, stimulating the violence centers in the brain can terminate the animal's sensual pleasure and peaceful behavior. When the brain's pleasure circuits are 'on,' the violence circuits are 'off,' and vice versa. Among human beings, a pleasure-prone personality rarely displays violence or aggressive behaviors, and a violent personality has little ability to tolerate, experience, or enjoy sensuously pleasing activities. As either violence or pleasure goes up, the other goes down.
Sensory Deprivation
The reciprocal relationship of pleasure and violence is highly significant because certain sensory experiences during the formative periods of development will create a neuropsychological predisposition for either violence-seeking or pleasure-seeking behaviors later in life. I am convinced that various abnormal social and emotional behaviors resulting from what psychologists call 'maternal-social' deprivation, that is, a lack of tender, loving care, are caused by a unique type of sensory deprivation, somatosensory deprivation. Derived from the Greek word for 'body,' the term refers to the sensations of touch and body movement which differ from the senses of light, hearing, smell and taste. I believe that the deprivation of body touch, contact, and movement are the basic causes of a number of emotional disturbances which
Violence against sexuality and the use of sexuality for violence, particularly against women, has very deep roots in Biblical tradition.
include depressive and autistic behaviors, hyperactivity, sexual aberration, drug abuse, violence, and aggression.
These insights were derived chiefly from the controlled laboratory studies of Harry F. and Margaret K. Harlow at the University of Wisconsin. The Harlows and their students separated infant monkeys from their mothers at birth. The monkeys were raised in single cages in an animal colony room, where they could develop social relationships with the other animals through seeing, hearing, and smelling, but not through touching or movement. These and other studies indicate that it is the deprivation of body contact and body movement—not deprivation of the other senses—that produces the wide variety of abnormal emotional behaviors in these isolation-reared animals. It is well known that human infants and children who are hospitalized or institutionalized for extended periods with little physical touching and holding develop almost identical abnormal behaviors, such as rocking and head banging.
Although the pathological violence observed in isolation-reared monkeys is well documented, the linking of early somatosensory deprivation with physical violence in humans is less well established. Numerous studies of juvenile delinquents and adult criminals have shown a family background of broken homes and/or physically abusive parents. These studies have rarely mentioned, let alone measured, the degree of deprivation of physical affection, although this is often inferred from the degree of neglect and abuse. One exceptional study in this respect is that of Brandt F. Steele and C. B. Pollock, psychiatrists at the University of Colorado, who studied child abuse in three generations of families who physically abused their children. They found that parents who abused their children were invariably deprived of physical affection themselves during childhood and that their adult sex life was extremely poor. Steele noted that almost without exception the women who abused their children had never experienced orgasm. The degree of sexual pleasure experienced by the men who abused their children was not ascertained, but their sex life, in general, was unsatisfactory. The hypothesis that physical pleasure actively inhibits physical violence can be appreciated from our own sexual experiences. How many of us feel like assaulting someone after we have just experienced orgasm?
The contributions of Freud to the effects of early experiences upon later behaviors and the consequences of repressed sexuality have been well established. Unfortunately time and space do not permit a discussion here of his differences with Wilhelm Reich concerning his Beyond the Pleasure Principle.
The hypothesis that deprivation of physical pleasure results in physical violence requires a formal systematic evaluation. We can test this hypothesis by examining cross-cultural studies of child-rearing practices, sexual behaviors, and physical violence. We would expect to find that human societies which provide their infants and children with a great deal of physical affection (touching,
p. 12, November 1975, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistsholding, carrying) would be less physically violent than human societies which give very little physical affection to their infants and children. Similarly, human societies which tolerate and accept premarital and extramarital sex would be less physically violent than societies which prohibit and punish premarital and extramarital sex.
Cultural anthropologists have gathered exactly the data required to examine this hypothesis for human societies—and their findings are conveniently arranged in R. B. Textor's A Cross-Cultural Summary [1]. Textor's book is basically a research tool for cross-cultural statistical inquiry. The survey provides some 20,000 statistically significant correlations from 400 culture samples of primitive societies.
Infant Neglect/Adult Violence
Certain variables which reflect physical affection (such as fondling, caressing, and playing with infants) were related to other variables which measure crime and violence (frequency of theft, killing, etc.). The important relationships are displayed in the tables. The percent figures reflect the relationships among the variables, for example, high affection/low violence plus low affection/high violence. This procedure is followed for all tables.
Societies ranking high or low on the Infant Physical Affection Scale were examined for degree of violence. The results (Table 1) clearly indicated that those societies which give their infants the greatest amount of physical affection were characterized by low theft, low infant physical pain, low religious activity, and negligible or absent killing, mutilating, or torturing of the enemy. These data directly confirm that the deprivation of body pleasure during infancy is significantly linked to a high rate of crime and violence.
Some societies physically punish their infants as a matter of discipline, while others do not. We can determine whether this punishment reflects a general concern for the infant's welfare by matching it against child nurturant care. The results (Table 2) indicate that societies which inflict pain and discomfort upon their infants tend to neglect them as well. These data provide no support for the prescription from Proverbs (23: 13-14): "Withhold not chastisement from a boy; if you beat him with the rod, he will not die. Beat him with the rod, and you will save him from the nether world."
Adult physical violence was accurately predicted in 36 of 49 cultures (73 percent) from the infant physical affection variable. The probability that a 73 percent rate of accuracy could occur by chance is only four times out of a thousand.
Of the 49 societies studied, 13 cultures seemed to be exceptions to the theory that a lack of somatosensory pleasure makes people physically violent (see Table 3). It was expected that cultures which placed a high value upon physical pleasure during infancy and childhood would maintain such values into adulthood. This is not the case. Child rearing practices do not predict patterns of later sexual behavior. This initial surprise and presumed discrepancy, however, becomes advantageous for further prediction.
p. 13, November 1975, Bulletin of the Atomic ScientistsTwo variables that are highly correlated are not as useful for predicting a third variable as two variables that are uncorrelated. Consequently, it is meaningful to examine the sexual behaviors of the 13 cultures whose adult violence was not predictable from physical pleasure during infancy.
Apparently, the social customs which influence and determine the behaviors of sexual affection are different from those which underlie the expression of physical affection toward infants.
When the six societies characterized by both high infant affection and high violence are compared in terms of their premarital sexual behavior, it is surprising to find that five of them exhibit premarital sexual repression, where virginity is a high value of these cultures. It appears that the beneficial effects of infant physical affection can be negated by the repression of physical pleasure (premarital sex) later in life.
The seven societies characterized by both low infant physical affection and low adult physical violence were all found to be characterized by permissive premarital sexual behaviors. Thus, the detrimental effects of infant physical affectional deprivation seem to be compensated for later in life by sexual body pleasure experiences during adolescence. These findings have led to a revision of the somatosensory pleasure deprivation theory from a one-stage to a two-stage developmental theory where the physical violence in 48 of the 49 cultures could be accurately classified.
In short, violence may stem from deprivation of somatosensory pleasure either in infancy or in adolescence. The only true exception in this culture sample is the headhunting Jivaro tribe of South America. Clearly, this society requires detailed study to determine the causes of its violence. The Jivaro belief system may play an important role, for as anthropologist Michael Harner notes in Jivaro Souls [6], these Indians have a "deep-seated belief that killing leads to the acquisition of souls which provide a supernatural power conferring immunity from death."
The strength of the two-stage deprivation theory of violence is most vividly illustrated when we contrast the societies showing high rates of physical affection during infancy and adolescence against those societies which are consistently low in physical affection for both developmental periods. The statistics associated with this relationship are extraordinary: The percent likelihood of a society being physically violent if it is physically affectionate toward its infants and tolerant of premarital sexual behavior is 2 percent (48/49). The probability of this relationship occurring by chance is 125,000 to one. I am not aware of any other developmental variable that has such a high degree of predictive validity. Thus, we seem to have a firmly based principle: Physically affectionate human societies are highly unlikely to be physically violent.
Accordingly, when physical affection and pleasure during adolescence as well as infancy are related to measures of violence, we find direct evidence of a significant relationship between the punishment of premarital sex behaviors and various measures of crime and violence. As Table 4 shows, additional clusters of relationships link the punishment and repression of premarital sex to large community size, high social complexity and class stratification, small extended families, purchase of wives, practice of slavery, and a high god present in human morality. The relationship between small extended families and punitive premarital sex attitudes deserves emphasis, for it suggests that the nuclear Western cultures may be a contributing factor to our repressive attitudes toward sexual expression.
p. 14, November 1975, Bulletin of the Atomic ScientistsThe same can be suggested for community size, social complexity, and class stratification.
Not surprisingly, when high self-needs are combined with the deprivation of physical affection, the result is self-interest and high rates of narcissism. Likewise, exhibitionistic dancing and pornography may be interpreted as a substitute for normal sexual expression. Some nations which are most repressive of female sexuality have rich pornographic art forms.
Extramarital Sex
I also examined the influence of extramarital sex taboos upon crime and violence. The data clearly indicates that punitive-repressive attitudes toward extramarital sex are also linked with physical violence, personal crime, and the practice of slavery. Societies which value monogamy emphasize military glory and worship aggressive gods.
These cross-cultural data support the view of psychologists and sociologists who feel that sexual and psychological needs not being fulfilled within a marriage should be met outside of it, without destroying the primacy of the marriage relationship.
These findings overwhelmingly support the thesis that deprivation of body pleasure throughout life—but particularly during the formative periods of infancy, childhood, and adolescence—are very closely related to the amount of warfare and interpersonal violence. These insights should be applied to large and complicated industrial and postindustrial societies.
Crime and physical violence have substantially increased over the past decade in the United States. According to FBI statistics, both murder and aggravated assault increased 53 percent between 1967 and 1972, while forcible rape rose 70 percent.
These figures again raise the question of the special relationship between sexuality and violence. In addition to our rape statistics, there is other evidence that points to preference for sexual violence over sexual pleasure in the United States. This is reflected in our acceptance of sexually explicit films that involve violence and rape, and our rejection of sexually explicit films for pleasure only (pornography). Neighborhood movie theaters show such sexually violent films as Straw Dogs, Clockwork Orange, and The Klansman, while banning films which portray sexual pleasure (Deep Throat, The Devil in Miss Jones). Attempts to close down massage parlors are another example of our anti-pleasure attitudes. Apparently, sex with pleasure is immoral and unacceptable, but sex with violence and pain is moral and acceptable.
A questionnaire I developed to explore this question was administered to 96 college students whose average age was 19 years. The results of the questionnaire support the connection between rejection of physical pleasure (and particularly of premarital and extramarital sex) with expression of physical violence. Respondents who reject abortion, responsible premarital sex, and nudity within the family were likely to approve of harsh physical punishment for children and to believe that pain helps build strong moral character. These respondents were likely to find alcohol and drugs more satisfying than sex. The data obtained from the questionnaire provide strong statistical support for the basic inverse relationship between physical violence and physical pleasure. If violence is high, pleasure is low, and conversely, if pleasure is high, violence is low. The questionnaire bears out the theory that the pleasure-violence relationship found in primitive cultures also holds true for a modern industrial nation.
Another way of looking at the reciprocal relationship between violence and pleasure is to examine a society's choice of drugs. A society will support behaviors that are consistent with its values and social mores. U.S. society is a competitive, aggressive, and violent society. Consequently, it supports drugs that fa-
p. 15, November 1975, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistscilitate competitive, aggressive, and violent behaviors and opposes drugs that counteract such behaviors. Alcohol is well known to facilitate the expression of violent behaviors, and, although addicting and very harmful to chronic users, is acceptable to U.S. society. Marijuana, on the other hand, is an active pleasure-inducing drug which enhances the pleasure of touch and actively inhibits violent-aggressive behaviors. It is for these reasons, I believe that marijuana is rejected in U.S. society. For similar reasons heroin is rejected and methadone (an addicting drug minus the pleasure) is accepted.
The data from my questionnaire support this view. As Table 5 shows, very high correlations between alcohol use and parental punishment indicate that people who received little affection from their mothers and had physically punitive fathers are likely to become hostile and aggressive when they drink. Such people find alcohol more satisfying than sex. There is an even stronger relationship between parental physical punishment and drug usage. Respondents who were physically punished as children showed alcohol-induced hostility and aggression and were likely to find alcohol and drugs more satisfying than sex. The questionnaire also reveals high correlations between sexual repression and drug usage. Those who describe premarital sex as "not agreeable" are likely to become aggressive when drinking and to prefer drugs and alcohol to sexual pleasures. This is additional evidence for the hypothesis that drug "pleasures" are a substitute for somatosensory pleasures.
Religious RootsThe origins of the fundamental reciprocal relationship between physical violence and physical pleasure can be traced to philosophical dualism and to the theology of body/soul relationships. In Western philosophical thought man was not a unitary being but was divided into two parts, body and soul. The Greek philosophical conception of the relationship between body and soul was quite different than the Judeo-Christian concept which posited a state of war between the body and soul. Within Judeo-Christian thought the purpose of human life was to save the soul, and the body was seen as an impediment to achieving this objective. Consequently, the body must be punished and deprived. In St. Paul's words: "Put to death the base pursuits of the body—for if you live according to the flesh, you shall die: but if by the spirit you mortify the deeds of the flesh, you shall live" (Romans 8:13). St. Paul clearly advocated somatosensory pleasure deprivation and enhancement of painful somatosen-
p. 16, November 1975, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistssory stimulation as essential prerequisites for saving the soul.
"Now concerning the things whereof you wrote to me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman" (1 Corinthians, 7:1).
Aristotle did not view a state of war between the body and soul, but rather envisioned a complimentary relationship in which the state of the soul or mind was dependent on the state of the body. In fact he stated that "the care of the body ought to precede that of the soul." (Politica)
Aristotle also appreciated the reciprocal relationship between pleasure and pain, and recognized that a compulsive search for bodily pleasure originates from a state of bodily discomfort and pain:
Now, excess is possible in the case of the goods of the body, and it is the pursuit of excess, but not the pursuit of necessary pleasures, that makes a man bad. For all men get some kind of enjoyment from good food, wine, and sexual relations, but not everyone enjoys these things in the proper way. The reverse is true of pain: a bad person does not avoid an excess of it, but he avoids it altogether. For the opposite of an excess is pain only for the man who pursues the excess. . . .Accordingly, we must now explain why the pleasures of the body appear to be more desirable. The first reason, then, is that pleasure drives out pain. When men experience an excess of pain, they pursue excessive pleasure and bodily pleasure in general, in the belief that it will remedy the pain. These remedial (pleasures) become very intense—and that is the very reason why they are pursued because they are experienced in contrast with their opposite. (Nichomachean Ethics, Book 7)
It is clear that the world has only limited time to change its custom of resolving conflicts violently. It is uncertain whether we have the time to undo the damage done by countless previous generations, nor do we know how many future generations it will take to transform our psychobiology of violence into one of peace.
In his discussion of the highest good, Aristotle was quite explicit:
"Therefore, the highest good is some sort of pleasure, despite the fact that most pleasures are bad, and, if you like, bad in the unqualified sense of the word." (Nichomachean Ethics, Book 7)
It is evident that the Judeo-Christian concept of body pleasure is quite the opposite of that outlined by Aristotle, particularly, the relief of body pain and discomfort through somatosensory pleasure. This denial of somatosensory pleasure in Pauline Christian doctrine has led to alternative forms of 'relief' through such painful stimulations as hair-shirts, self-scourgings, self-mutilations, physical violence against others, and in the non-sensory pleasures of drugs.
Experimental animal studies have documented counterparts to these phenomena. For example, animals deprived of somatosensory stimulation will engage in mutilations of their own bodies. Animals deprived of touching early in life develop impaired pain perception and an aversion to being touched by others. They are thus blocked from experiencing the body-pleasure therapy that they need for rehabilitation. In this condition, they have few alternatives but physical violence, where pain-oriented touching and body contact is facilitated by their impaired ability to experience pain. Thus, physical violence and physical pain become therapies of choice for those deprived of physical pleasure.
The question arises as to how Christian philosophy and theology, which borrowed heavily from Aristotle, managed to avoid, if not outright reject, Aristotle's teachings regarding the morality of pleasure. The roots to this question can be found throughout the Old Testament, beginning with the account in Genesis of the expulsion of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. The first consequence of Eve's transgression was that nudity became shameful. This even may well be the beginning of man's hostility toward women and the equating of woman with evil, particularly the evils of the body. This is vividly portrayed in Zechariah (5:5-8) in an angel's description of the flying bushel:
"This is a bushel container coming. This is their guilt in all the land." Then a leaden cover was lifted and there was a woman sitting inside the bushel. "This is wickedness, he said, and he thrust her inside the bushel, pushing the leaden cover into the opening."Violence against sexuality and the use of sexuality for violence, particularly against women, has very deep roots in Biblical tradition, and is spelled out very early. The nineteenth chapter of Genesis (19:1-11), the first book of the Old Testament, holds that the rape of woman is acceptable but the rape of man is "a wicked thing." This chapter about the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah describes Lot's hospitality to two male travelers (actually two angels) who were housed with him.
In the evening the townsmen of Sodom came to Lot's house and said to him: "Where are the men who came to your house tonight? Bring them out to us that we may have intimacies with them." Lot went out to meet them at the entrance. When he had shut the door behind him, he said, "I beg you, my brothers, not to do this wicked thing. I have two daughters who have never had intercourse with men. Let me bring them out to you, and you may do to them as you please. But don't do anything to these men, for you know they have come under the shelter of my roof." They replied, "Stand back! This fellow," they sneered, "came here as an immigrant, and now he dares to give orders! We'll treat you worse than them!" With that, they pressed hard against Lot, moving in closer to break down the door. But his guests put out their hand, pulled Lot inside with them, and closed the
p. 17, November 1975, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistsdoor; at the same time they struck the men at the entrance of the house, one and all, with such blinding light that they were utterly unable to reach the doorway.
As the story continues, the two angels escort Lot and his family to safety and then destroy Sodom and Gomorrah for their great sinfulness. Yet not a word of reproach is given to Lot for his willingness to hand over his two virgin daughters to be gang raped. This same story is repeated in the books of Ezekiel (23:1-49) and Judges (19:22-30).
Given such a tradition, it is understandable that during the Inquisition only women were charged with having intercourse with the devil and put to death for this crime of pleasure. What man has died at the stake for having slept with Satan? This tradition is maintained in modern cultures where women are punished for prostitution but their male customers are not.
The historical and Biblical acceptance of rape down through the ages has brutalized the psyche of males brought up in this tradition. This is well illustrated in the account of Michael McCusker, a Marine sergeant who witnessed a gang rape in Vietnam. McCusker [7] tells of a rifle squad of nine men who entered a small village.
They were supposed to go after what they called a Viet Cong whore. They went into her village and instead of capturing her, they raped her—every man raped her. As a matter of fact, one man said to me later that it was the first time he had ever made love to a woman with his boots on. The man who led the platoon, or the squad, was actually a private. The squad leader was a sergeant but he was a useless person and he let the private take over his squad. Later he said he took no part in the raid. It was against his morals. So instead of telling his squad not to do it, because they wouldn't listen to him anyway, the sergeant went into another side of the village and just sat and stared bleakly at the ground, feeling sorry for himself. But at any rate, they raped the girl, and then, the last man to make love to her, shot her in the head.What is it in the American psyche that permits the use of the word 'love' to describe rape? And where the act of love is completed with a bullet in the head!
The first months. Breast-feeding and caressing will help this infant to grow into a non-violent adult. Denial of such body contact in infancy can have the opposite effect. Why do men rape women? Researchers report that most rapists have a family background of paternal punishment and hostility and loss of maternal affection. I interpret rape as man's revenge against woman for the early loss of physical affection. A man can express his hostility toward his mother for not giving him enough physical attention by sexually violating another woman.
Another explanation may be that the increasing sexual freedom of women is threatening to man's position of power and dominance over women which he often maintains through sexual aggression. Rape destroys sensual pleasure in woman and enhances sadistic pleasure in man. Through rape, man defends himself from the sensual pleasures of women which threaten his position of power and dominance.
It is my belief that rape has its
Realistic dolls. Swedish paper doll exemplifies the frankness about the human body that is needed to inculcate wholesome attitudes toward sex and violence. In this paper doll, no attempt is made to idealize or de-sexualize the human body; the body is simply accepted as it is.
p. 18, November 1975, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistsorigins in the deprivation of physical affection in parent-child relationships and adult sexual relationships; and in a religious value system that considers pain and body deprivation moral and physical pleasure immoral. Rape maintains man's dominance over woman and supports the perpetuation of patriarchal values in our society.
It is clear that the world has only limited time to change its custom of resolving conflicts violently. It is uncertain whether we have the time to undo the damage done by countless previous generations, nor do we know how many future generations it will take to transform our psychobiology of violence into one of peace.
If we accept the theory that the lack of sufficient somatosensory pleasure is a principal cause of violence, we can work toward promoting pleasure and encouraging affectionate interpersonal relationships as a means of combatting aggression. We should give high priority to body pleasure in the context of meaningful human relationships. Such body pleasure is very different from promiscuity, which reflects a basic inability to experience pleasure. If a sexual relationship is not pleasurable, the individual looks for another partner. A continuing failure to find sexual satisfaction leads to a continuing search for new partners, that is, to promiscuous behavior. Affectionately shared physical pleasure, on the other hand, tends to stabilize a relationship and eliminate the search. However, a variety of sexual experiences seems to be normal in cultures which permit its expression, and this may be important for optimizing pleasure and affection in sexual relationships.
Available data clearly indicate that the rigid values of monogamy, chastity, and virginity help produce physical violence. The denial of female sexuality must give way to an acceptance and respect for it, and men must share with women the responsibility for giving affection and care to infants and children. As the father assumes a more equal role with the mother in child-rearing and becomes more affectionate toward his children, certain changes must follow in our socioeconomic system. A corporate structure which tends to separate either parent from the family by travel, extended meetings, or overtime work weakens the parent-child relationship and harms family stability. To develop a peaceful society, we must put more emphasis on human relationships.
Family planning is essential. Children must be properly spaced so that each can receive optimal affection and care. The needs of the infant should be immediately met. Cross-cultural evidence does not support the view that such practices will 'spoil' the infant. Contrary to Dr. Benjamin Spock, it is harmful for a baby to cry itself to sleep. By not answering an infant's needs immediately and consistently we not only teach a child distrust at a very basic emotional level, but also establish patterns of neglect which harm the
p. 19, November 1975, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistschild's social and emotional health. The discouragement of breast feeding in favor of bottle feeding and the separation of healthy newborns from their mothers in our 'modern' hospitals are other examples of harmful child-rearing practices.
About 25 percent of marriages in the United States now end in divorce, and an even higher percentage of couples have experienced extramarital affairs. This suggests that something is basically wrong with the traditional concept of universal monogamy. When viewed in connection with the cross-cultural evidence of the physical deprivations, violence, and warfare associated with monogamy, the need to create a more pluralistic system of marriage becomes clear. Contemporary experiments with communal living and group marriage are attempting to meet basic needs that remain unfulfilled in the isolation of a nuclear marriage. We must seriously consider new options, such as extended families comprised of two or three couples who share values and lifestyles. By sharing the benefits and responsibilities of child rearing, such families could provide an affectionate and varied environment for children as well as adults, and thereby reduce the incidence of child abuse and runaways.
The communal family—like the extended family group—can provide a more stimulating and supportive environment for both children and adults than can the average nuclear family. Communal living should not, of course, be equated with group sex, which is not a sharing, but more often an escape from intimacy and emotional vulnerability.
Openness About the Body
No matter what type of family structure is chosen, it will be important to encourage openness about the body and its functions. From this standpoint, we could benefit from redesigning our homes along the Japanese format, separating the toilet from the bathing facilities. The family bath should be used for socialization and relaxation, and should provide a natural situation for children to learn about male-female differences. Nudity, like sex, can be misused and abused, and this fear often prevents us from accepting the honesty of our own bodies.
The beneficial stimulation of whirlpool baths should not be limited to hospitals or health club spas, but brought into the home. The family bath should be large enough to accommodate parents and children, and be equipped with a whirlpool to maximize relaxation and pleasure. Nudity, openness, and affection within the family can teach children and adults that the body is not shameful and inferior, but rather is a source of beauty and sensuality through which we emotionally relate to one another. Physical affection involving touching, holding, and caressing should not be equated with sexual stimulation, which is a special type of physical affection.
The competitive ethic, which teaches children that they must advance at the expense of others, should be replaced by values of cooperation.
To Love, not Compete
The competitive ethic, which teaches children that they must advance at the expense of others, should be replaced by values of cooperation and a pursuit of excellence for its own sake. We must raise children to be emotionally capable of giving love and affection, rather than to exploit others. We should recognize that sexuality in teenagers is not only natural, but desirable, and accept premarital sexuality as a positive moral good. Parents should help teenagers realize their own sexual selfhood by allowing them to use the family home for sexual fulfillment. Such honesty would encourage a more mature attitude toward sexual relationships and provide a private supportive environment that is far better for their development than the back seat of a car or other undesirable locations outside the home. Early sexual experiences are too often an attempt to prove one's adulthood and maleness or femaleness rather than a joyful sharing of affection and pleasure.
Above all, male sexuality must recognize the equality of female sexuality. The traditional right of men to multiple sexual relationships must be extended to women. The great barrier between man and woman is man's fear of the depth and intensity of female sensuality. Because power and aggression are neutralized through sensual pleasure, man's primary defense against a loss of dominance has been the historic denial, repression, and control of the sensual pleasure of women. The use of sex to provide mere release from physiological tension (apparent pleasure) should not be confused with a state of sensual pleasure which is incompatible with dominance, power, aggression, violence, and pain. It is through the mutual sharing of sensual pleasure that sexual equality between women and men will be realized.
The sensory environment in which an individual grows up has a major influence upon the development and functional organization of the brain. Sensory stimulation is a nutrient that the brain must have to develop and function normally. How the brain functions determines how a person behaves. At birth a human brain is extremely immature and new brain cells develop up to the age of two years. The complexity of brain cell development continues up to about 16 years of age. Herman Epstein of Brandeis University has evidence that growth spurts in the human brain occur at approximately 3, 7, 11, and 15 years of age. How
p. 20, November 1975, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientistsearly deprivations affect these growth spurts has yet to be determined; however, some data suggest that the final growth spurt may be abolished by early deprivation.
W. T. Greenough, a psychologist at the University of Illinois, has demonstrated that an enriched sensory environment produces a more complex brain cell in rats than an ordinary or impoverished sensory environment (see figure). His studies show that extreme sensory deprivation is not necessary to induce structural changes in the developing brain. Many other investigators have shown that rearing rats in isolation after they are weaned induces significant changes in the biochemistry of their brain cell functioning. Other investigators have shown abnormal electrical activity of brain cell functioning in monkeys reared in isolation. I have suggested that the cerebellum, a brain structure involved in the regulation of many brain processes, is rendered dysfunctional when an animal is reared in isolation and is implicated in violent-aggressive behaviors due to somatosensory deprivation. It has been shown that cerebellar neurosurgery can change the aggressive behaviors of isolation-reared monkeys to peaceful behavior. Predatory killing behavior in ordinary house cats can be provoked by stimulating the cerebellar fastigial nucleus, one of the deep brain nuclei of the cerebellum.
Abnormally low levels of platelet serotonin have been found in monkeys reared in isolation and also in institutionalized, highly aggressive children. These findings suggest that somatosensory deprivation during the formative periods of development significantly alters an important biochemical system in the body associated with highly aggressive behaviors. A number of other investigators have documented abnormalities in the adrenal cortical response system in rodents who were isolation-reared and who developed hyperactive, hyperreactive, and hyperaggressive behavior. Thus another important biochemical system associated with aggressiveness is known to be altered by somatosensory deprivation early in life.
It needs to be emphasized here that I advocate somatosensory pleasure stimulation as a therapeutic procedure to correct the abnormalities due to somatosensory pleasure deprivation. Such sensory stimulation can influence brain functioning and it does not appear necessary, except in rare circumstances, that brain surgery or electrical stimulation of the brain is required to alter pathological, violent behaviors. Unfortunately, therapeutic programs of somatosensory pleasure have yet to be established to determine the effectiveness of this therapy at the human level. The success of somatosensory therapy in isolation reared monkeys reported by Harry F. Harlow and Stephen Suomi [8] when other forms of therapy have failed in these animals, provide further encouragement and support for the utilization of touch and body movement therapies in the treatment of emotional disorders.
On the contrary, our prisons have been designed to maximize those conditions that are responsible for the violence and imprisonment of the social offender. It is not surprising that physical violence in such prison environments is a major problem. The acceptance of somatosensory pleasure as a form of somatic therapy will be difficult for our society to accept, as the opposition to massage parlors in many communities indicates.
Clearly, if we consider violent and aggressive behaviors undesirable then we must provide an enriched somatosensory environment so that the brain can develop and function in a way that results in pleasurable and peaceful behaviors. The solution to physical violence is physical pleasure experienced within the context of meaningful human relationships.
For many people, a fundamental moral principle is the rejection of creeds, policies, and behaviors that inflict pain, suffering and deprivation upon our fellow humans. This principle needs to be extended: We should seek not just an absence of pain and suffering, but also the enhancement of pleasure, the promotion of affectionate human relationships, and the enrichment of human experience.
If we strive to increase the pleasure in our lives this will also affect the ways we express aggression and hostility. The reciprocal relationship between pleasure and violence is such that one inhibits the other; when physical pleasure is high, physical violence is low. When violence is high, pleasure is low. This basic premise of the somatosensory pleasure deprivation theory provides us with the tools necessary to fashion a world of peaceful, affectionate, cooperative individuals.
The world, however, has limited time to correct the conditions that propel us to violent confrontations. Modern technologies of warfare have made it possible for an individual or nation to bring total destruction to large segments of our population. And the greatest threat comes from those nations which have the most depriving environments for their children and which are most repressive of sexual affection and female sexuality. We will have the most to fear when these nations acquire the weapons of modern warfare. Tragically, this has already begun.
1. R. B. Textor, A Cross-Cultural Summary (New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) Press, 1967).
2. J. W. Prescott, "Early Somatosensory Deprivation as an Ontogenetic Process in Abnormal Development of the Brain and Behavior," Medical Primatology, edited by I. E. Goldsmith and Moor-Jankowski (Basel: Karger, 1971), 357-375; and Prescott, "Cross-Cultural Sludies of Violence," in Aggressive Behavior: Current Progress in Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research, Brain Information Report No. 37 (Los Angeles, Ca.: University of California, Aug. 1974), pp. 33-35.
3. M. K. Bacon, I. L. Child and H. A. Barry, III, "Cross-Cultural Study of Correlates of Crime," Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66 (1963), 291-300; and Barry, Bacon and Child, "Definitions, Ratings, and Bibliographic Sources for Child-Training Practices of 110 Cultures," in Cross-Cultural Approaches: Readings in Cooperative Research, edited by C. S. Ford (New Haven: HRAF Press, 1967).
4. J. T. Westbrook, Ford, and Beach, in A Cross-Cultural Summary, edited by Textor (New Haven: HRAF Press, 1967).
5. P. E. Slater, "Killing, Torturing or Mutilating the Enemy," in A Cross-Cultural Summary, edited by Textor.
6. Michael Harner, Jivaro Souls.
7. Vietnam Veterans Against the War, statement by Michael McClusker in The Winter Soldier Investigation: An Inquiry into American War Crimes (Boston: Beacon Press, 1972).
8. S. J. Suomi, and H. F. Harlow, "Social Rehabilitation of Isolate-Reared Monkeys," Developmental Psychology, 6 (1972), 487-496.
9. F. R. Volkmar and W. T. Greenough, "Rearing Complexity Affects Branching of Dendrites in the Visual Cortex of the Rat," Science, 176 (June 1972), 1445-1447; and M. Coleman, "Platelet Serotonin in Disturbed Monkeys," Clinical Proceedings of the Childrens Hospital, 27 (1971). 187-194.
Text republished with the kind permission of James W. Prescott. Originally appeared in THE FUTURIST magazine (April 1975). Reproduced with permission of the World Future Society, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 450, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. WFS is a nonprofit educational and scientific association with 30,000 members in 80 countries. It serves as a neutral forum and clearinghouse for information and ideas about current trends and possible future developments.OCR and HTML by Erik Möller. Please tell me about any spelling or OCR mistakes you find. If you know of any other translation besides English, German and French, or if you want to write one, please contact me. I am also interested in more material on the same subject.


text:
Crinoids, aka Feather stars are probably the least familiar of echinoderms to many people. They've been around for awhile and you can often see their older Paleozoic ancestors with stalks in fossil beds throughout the world.
But most modern crinoids almost resemble plants (albeit stunning ones). The picture above shows a typical "feather star" or comatulid crinoid. The arms have feathery appendages called pinnules which are used for capturing food.
To give you some reference.. here's a generalized diagram. Food goes into the mouth located on the "inside" of the cup where the arms meet.
Image from lander.edu |
Here is a very busy picture of the many structures surrounding the MOUTH (at center covered by more tentacles) (critter from Fiji) (image by Jaw'sDad-Jeff Williams):
Here's a great picture of the UNDERSIDE of a feather star. See those tentacle-like things wrapped around the whip coral? Those are called "cirri". Those are the "feet" that adhere the remainder of the animal to its perch. This image by "sabahsharky"
Blue Crinoid Close up.. from Sulawesi, Indonesia. These are the feeding arms with yellow tipped extensions called pinnules. Image by Richard Merritt, FRPS.
A stunning image of Oxycomanthus bennetti from Indonesia by il Cosaro.
More close ups! Neat crinoid close up of the arm. Yellow tips on purple pinnules and arms.
A nice close up of the feeding arms. Three Photos below by Geoff Spiby.
Yellow arms by Friscodive
A stunning shot of a red-white crinoid by Russel Taylor
Another amazing close up by Russel Taylor
Gorgeous in Green!
Two photos of crinoids from the Philippines by Courtney Platt
A neat red/yellow crinoid from the Philippines Image by Jex207
There's a shrimp in this..but mostly I just think the arms are amazing. Photo by MerMate
One showing nice detail of the segmentation present on each individual arm
And a fossil for comparison. Note that the cup is upside down. Photo by zxgirl
And one of these days I will follow up with the commensals that live on crinoids! The mimicry is stunning...


text:
- Door and Window Panels can be put in any position when you are Constructing the Shed.
- 10mm Thick Overlap Cladding Boards - Slow Grown Scandinavian Softwood.
- Roof: 12mm Thick Tongue and Groove Construction
- Floor: 12mm Thick Tongue and Groove Construction with Bearers
- 28x28mm Thick Frame
- Secure Press Lock and Key
- 6 x Toughened Glass Windows
- Long Lasting Premium SuperFelt Roof Covering - With Polyester Backing and Bitumen Coating.
- 1214mm (3ft 10") Apex Shed - Compact Modern design.
- 2147mm (7ft) Ridge Height - No Planning Consent Needed.
- Single Door as Standard, Double Door available as an Option - Easy Access.
- Dip Treated Panels - So that your shed is good to go straight out of the Crate.
- Windowless Version Also Available - Quick Delivery with Extra Security.
- 10 Year Warranty - Manufacturers warranty.
The Power 12x4 Overlap Apex Shed with Single Door is the perfect choice for those who need a shed quickly and want the flexibility to choose where they want their door and windows when assembling.
The 12x4 Power Apex Wooden Overlap Shed is made from high-grade 10mm thick overlap cladding which is 40mm overlap high in order to minimise timber movement and create a stronger, longer lasting product. Full Toughened Safety Glass Windows will let plenty of light in while keeping intruders out. A lockable door, extra strong 12mm T&G roof and Floor coupled with a 10 Year Warranty carry through the high standards we've come to expect from Power products.


text:
Avada Gives You Power To Create Something That Is Beautiful
Fully Responsive
Avada's responsive framework ensures your content looks great on all screen sizes.Perfect For All Sizes
No matter the size of your screen or device, your site will look fantastic.Premium Sliders
Avada includes four premium sliders that make your content stand out!Make Your Content Stand Out
Avada includes the Layer Slider, Revolution Slider, Fusion Slider and Elastic Slider.Amazing Elements
Avada offers incredible elements that allow you to create a beautiful site.Build Something Beautiful
Dozens of well designed shortcodes loaded with options gives you perfect freedom.Amazing Elements To Build Beauty
The #1 selling theme of all time on Themeforest. But don't take our word for it, check our features and user testimonials to understand why our users have enjoyed using Avada and keep coming back time after time!
Latest From The Blog
Raktárunk riasztóval biztosított, füstérzékelővel felszerelt, zárható, fedett épületben, 24 órás [...]
Repülőtéri parkoltatás
Hamarosan bővebb információk!
User Reviews
I bought a copy of this theme to test and I am impressed. Not only the theme is well thought out with good amount options and excellent customisation facilities but their support at their support forum is exemplary.I can thoroughly recommend the theme and the developer. I will be buying more licenses.
Awesome, You People are Extraordinary with Support and I don't know any word which is bigger than extraordinary or have written here million times! Superb Theme Superb People and Superb Support! Thanks for Awesome Help! I don't need to buy any theme again, this is ultimate THEME for Me for Every Business and Client of Mine.
This theme is GREAT. I have tried to work with other themes in the past and always run into bugs, but not with Avada! It is very easy to customize the theme to suit your site without any code knowledge. The portfolio and sliders are a must-have for me, and Avada truly delivers! I will be sticking with Avada for quite some time!


text:
Telefónica and ElevenPaths will present at Mobile World Congress, that begins on 22nd February in Barcelona , the first technology available on the market designed to counteract cyberattacks on the Internet of Things (IoT). Known as Faast, a renowned technology developed by the company, it specialises in detecting and analysing security threats to organisations based on persistent pentesting which now includes the detection of vulnerabilities in IoT.
Faast is not only the first technology solution of this type, but also provides companies and organisations with an integral cybersecurity solution that protects them from threats to traditional devices connected to their systems and also others pertaining to IoT such as web cams, printers, routers, video- conference systems or televisions also connected to the corporate network.
With the new features incorporated by Faast, companies can continually scan IoT devices connected to the organisation, thanks to the use of real attack techniques, making their networks more robust and in this way counteract future attacks. Once the devices have been identified, the technology detects the current vulnerabilities. Failures include insufficiencies in authentication or authorisation processes, insecure network services or lack of encryption when transmitting information. The user can manage these and other vulnerabilities pertaining to all IoT devices through Vamps, an online site.
"Traditional periodic security checks don't make sense anymore because the changes in the infrastructure, the emergence of new vulnerabilities and different bugs are continuing", says Chema Alonso, CEO of ElevenPaths. "The evolution of Vamps & Faast towards IoT will allow companies to rely on a persistent pentesting and vulnerability management system that will facilitate the quick discovery of new connected devices and possible bugs, thereby reducing the exposure time of these devices to these threats".
The sheer size of the IoT phenomenon in a hyper-connected society is exposing companies to dangers unknown up to now, hence the importance of early detection of security attacks that threaten IoT devices. This is one of the conclusions of the report "Scope, scale and risk like never before: Securing the Internet of Things" recently published by ElevenPaths and the area of IoT of Telefónica to which other organisations and companies working in this arena have contributed such as SIGFOX and the IOT Foundation.
This new analysis capacity by Faast of IoT, completes the portfolio of different security solutions for IoT currently on offer by Telefónica, such as Trusted Public Key Infrastructure that facilitates the identification and authentication of IoT devices connected to the network; Security Monitoring, which detects unusual behaviour of IoT devices based on its network traffic; and CyberThreats, capable of detecting and identifying the modus vivandi of the cybercriminals, and the methods used in attacks against IoT infrastructures.
For further information:


text:
Settled with FCA US, LLC
Client purchased a 2014 Dodge Dart with a defective transmission.
Reach Out Now for Help!
"*" indicates required fields
What You'll Be Saying About Us Soon
Angela Fraticelli
01:40 15 Oct 22
Awesome!! Lilia Guizar got us out of a nightmare we were in with with a non operating vehicle. I was turned down by other firms after discussing my case. Lily took time to hear me out and was thorough with the information I provided her about my complaint. We are completely satisfied with our outcome!
Tiffany Sidwell
04:51 08 Oct 22
Lilia Guizar was my attorney in a recent fraud case and I am so impressed with the outcome. The process was quick and easy. We even countered the first offer to get what was fair and I'm happy to say that the car was picked up today, I am free of that burden and I feel validated for all the time and money wasted trusting a dealership that took advantage of me. Widowed military wife and mother. That dealership thought I just give up. I've read that these cases can take a year or two to settle, I remember when speaking with Lilia and she said, "I'd like to wrap this up by the end of the month," and she absolutely did. Car was picked up Thursday, by Friday I received tracking from FedEx for the settlement check. That's pretty incredible for this kind of litigious case. I read some of these other reviews and I have to say, once they take the case, don't pester them, let them do their job. They always communicated when necessary but I didn't need someone to hold my hand through the process. She was an aggressive attorney. Recommend her 100%!
Jocilyn Hubert
21:25 09 Sep 22
This legal team is amazing! Yes our case took time but they were always ready to answer any of our questions and we had a lot! They helped us every step of the way. nobody really wants to deal with going through all of this but they made the process a lot easier to deal with we can't give them enough praise!! Thank you guys for everything!!!
Vianey Salgado
20:49 09 Sep 22
I want to thank the whole team. If you are looking through this review don't hesitate to give them a call!They are super understandable and nice.They will email you with every detail. Just sit back and put everything in their hands,because that's how great they are. No worries at all next thing you know I got my money back plus more. I give them an 100/100!Also….I want to thank Michelle as well as Jason Stones. For making everything understandable.Thanks for everyone who was involved in this case, especially Hawk.I will for sure recommend you guys to family and friends when ever a situation comes up. (Hope not)
Pocho Productions
20:03 08 Aug 22
Had a Jeep with several issues. Called Auto Fraud Legal Center and they were able to help me out. They had the dealership buy back my vehicle and give me my money back + extra. They are an amazing team, especially Lilia Guizar, she was with me from the beginning all the way to the end. She would call me and text me whenever there were any updates, she guided us through the process and helped us make the best decisions. I couldn't have asked for a better result, thanks to Lilia and the rest of the team. In total, it took about 4 months to resolve my case, which was fast. Again, thank you Lilia and everyone at Auto Fraud Legal Center, you guys are the best!


text:
17.4. Lesson: Spatial Queries¶
Spatial queries are no different from other database queries. You can use the geometry column like any other database column. With the installation of PostGIS in our database, we have additional functions to query our database.
The goal for this lesson: To see how spatial functions are implemented similarly to "normal" non-spatial functions.
17.4.1. Spatial Operators¶
When you want to know which points are within a distance of 2 degrees to a point(X,Y) you can do this with:
select *
from people
where st_distance(the_geom,'SRID=4326;POINT(33 -34)') < 2;
id | name | house_no | street_id | phone_no | the_geom
6 | Fault Towers | 34 | 3 | 072 812 31 28 | 01010008040C0
(1 row)
the_geom value above was truncated for space on this page. If you want to see the point in human-readable coordinates, try something similar to what you did in the section "View a point as WKT", above.
How do we know that the query above returns all the points within 2 degrees? Why not 2 meters? Or any other unit, for that matter?
17.4.2. Spatial Indexes¶
We also can define spatial indexes. A spatial index makes your spatial queries much faster. To create a spatial index on the geometry column use:
CREATE INDEX people_geo_idx
ON people
USING gist
\d people
Table "public.people"
Column | Type | Modifiers
id | integer | not null default
| | nextval('people_id_seq'::regclass)
name | character varying(50) |
house_no | integer | not null
street_id | integer | not null
phone_no | character varying |
the_geom | geometry |
"people_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
"people_geo_idx" gist (the_geom) <-- new spatial key added
"people_name_idx" btree (name)
Check constraints:
"people_geom_point_chk" CHECK (st_geometrytype(the_geom) = 'ST_Point'::text
OR the_geom IS NULL)
Foreign-key constraints:
"people_street_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY (street_id) REFERENCES streets(id)
17.4.3. Try Yourself ¶
Modify the cities table so its geometry column is spatially indexed.
17.4.4. PostGIS Spatial Functions Demo¶
In order to demo PostGIS spatial functions, we'll create a new database containing some (fictional) data.
To start, create a new database (exit the psql shell first):
createdb postgis_demo
Remember to install the postgis extensions:
psql -d postgis_demo -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis;"
Next, import the data provided in the exercise_data/postgis/ directory. Refer back to the previous lesson for instructions, but remember that you'll need to create a new PostGIS connection to the new database. You can import from the terminal or via DB Manager. Import the files into the following database tables:
points.shp into building
lines.shp into road
polygons.shp into region
Load these three database layers into QGIS via the Add PostGIS Layers dialog, as usual. When you open their attribute tables, you'll note that they have both an id field and a gid field created by the PostGIS import.
Now that the tables are imported, we can use PostGIS to query the data. Go back to your terminal (command line) and enter the psql prompt by running:
psql postgis_demo
We'll demo some of these select statements by creating views from them, so that you can open them in QGIS and see the results.
22.214.171.124. Select by location¶
Get all the buildings in the KwaZulu region:
SELECT a.id, a.name, st_astext(a.the_geom) as point
FROM building a, region b
WHERE st_within(a.the_geom, b.the_geom)
AND b.name = 'KwaZulu';
id | name | point
30 | York | POINT(1622345.23785063 6940490.65844485)
33 | York | POINT(1622495.65620524 6940403.87862489)
35 | York | POINT(1622403.09106394 6940212.96302097)
36 | York | POINT(1622287.38463732 6940357.59605424)
40 | York | POINT(1621888.19746548 6940508.01440885)
(5 rows)
Or, if we create a view from it:
CREATE VIEW vw_select_location AS
SELECT a.gid, a.name, a.the_geom
FROM building a, region b
WHERE st_within(a.the_geom, b.the_geom)
AND b.name = 'KwaZulu';
Add the view as a layer and view it in QGIS:
220.127.116.11. Select neighbors¶
Show a list of all the names of regions adjoining the Hokkaido region:
SELECT b.name
FROM region a, region b
WHERE st_touches(a.the_geom, b.the_geom)
AND a.name = 'Hokkaido';
(3 rows)
As a view:
CREATE VIEW vw_regions_adjoining_hokkaido AS
SELECT b.gid, b.name, b.the_geom
FROM region a, region b
WHERE TOUCHES(a.the_geom, b.the_geom)
AND a.name = 'Hokkaido';
In QGIS:
Note the missing region (Queensland). This may be due to a topology error. Artifacts such as this can alert us to potential problems in the data. To solve this enigma without getting caught up in the anomalies the data may have, we could use a buffer intersect instead:
CREATE VIEW vw_hokkaido_buffer AS
SELECT gid, ST_BUFFER(the_geom, 100) as the_geom
FROM region
WHERE name = 'Hokkaido';
This creates a buffer of 100 meters around the region Hokkaido.
The darker area is the buffer:
Select using the buffer:
CREATE VIEW vw_hokkaido_buffer_select AS
SELECT b.gid, b.name, b.the_geom
) a,
region b
WHERE ST_INTERSECTS(a.the_geom, b.the_geom)
AND b.name != 'Hokkaido';
In this query, the original buffer view is used as any other table would be. It is given the alias a, and its geometry field, a.the_geom, is used to select any polygon in the region table (alias b) that intersects it. However, Hokkaido itself is excluded from this select statement, because we don't want it; we only want the regions adjoining it.
In QGIS:
It is also possible to select all objects within a given distance, without the extra step of creating a buffer:
CREATE VIEW vw_hokkaido_distance_select AS
SELECT b.gid, b.name, b.the_geom
FROM region a, region b
WHERE ST_DISTANCE (a.the_geom, b.the_geom) < 100
AND a.name = 'Hokkaido'
AND b.name != 'Hokkaido';
This achieves the same result, without need for the interim buffer step:
126.96.36.199. Select unique values¶
Show a list of unique town names for all buildings in the Queensland region:
SELECT DISTINCT a.name
FROM building a, region b
WHERE st_within(a.the_geom, b.the_geom)
AND b.name = 'Queensland';
(3 rows)
220.127.116.11. Further examples …¶
CREATE VIEW vw_shortestline AS
SELECT b.gid AS gid,
ST_ASTEXT(ST_SHORTESTLINE(a.the_geom, b.the_geom)) as text,
ST_SHORTESTLINE(a.the_geom, b.the_geom) AS the_geom
FROM road a, building b
WHERE a.id=5 AND b.id=22;
CREATE VIEW vw_longestline AS
SELECT b.gid AS gid,
ST_ASTEXT(ST_LONGESTLINE(a.the_geom, b.the_geom)) as text,
ST_LONGESTLINE(a.the_geom, b.the_geom) AS the_geom
FROM road a, building b
WHERE a.id=5 AND b.id=22;
CREATE VIEW vw_road_centroid AS
SELECT a.gid as gid, ST_CENTROID(a.the_geom) as the_geom
FROM road a
WHERE a.id = 1;
CREATE VIEW vw_region_centroid AS
SELECT a.gid as gid, ST_CENTROID(a.the_geom) as the_geom
FROM region a
WHERE a.name = 'Saskatchewan';
SELECT ST_PERIMETER(a.the_geom)
FROM region a
WHERE a.name='Queensland';
SELECT ST_AREA(a.the_geom)
FROM region a
WHERE a.name='Queensland';
CREATE VIEW vw_simplify AS
SELECT gid, ST_Simplify(the_geom, 20) AS the_geom
FROM road;
CREATE VIEW vw_simplify_more AS
SELECT gid, ST_Simplify(the_geom, 50) AS the_geom
FROM road;
CREATE VIEW vw_convex_hull AS
ROW_NUMBER() over (order by a.name) as id,
a.name as town,
ST_CONVEXHULL(ST_COLLECT(a.the_geom)) AS the_geom
FROM building a
GROUP BY a.name;
17.4.5. In Conclusion¶
You have seen how to query spatial objects using the new database functions from PostGIS.
17.4.6. What's Next?¶
Next we're going to investigate the structures of more complex geometries and how to create them using PostGIS.


text:
Thunder Comics Canada is now open to United States and Europe, select HOLD at checkout for discounted shipping rate. "NO FREE SHIPPING" Get 25% OFF Subscriptions, Pre-Orders, Back Issues (PULLBOX only) on Comics, Graphics, Toys, etc. Sign up to PULLBOX at 25% , right from your first order. Click on the PULLBOX Banner below for more details.
Future Independents Pre-Orders


text:
ISO 29400:2015 provides comprehensive requirements and guidance for the planning and engineering of port and marine operations, encompassing all documents and works related to such port and marine operations, e.g. the design and analysis of the components, systems, equipment and procedures required to perform port and marine operations, as well as the methods or procedures developed to carry them out safely.
ISO 29400:2015 is intended to be comprehensive, covering all relevant information related to port and marine operations necessary for the installation and maintenance of offshore wind farms. It is not applicable to the case of floating turbines moored to the seabed.
This International Standard is applicable to port and marine operations for offshore structures including:
- foundations made from steel and concrete gravity base structures (GBS);
- piled steel foundation structures;
- subsea templates and similar structures applied for pre-piling of foundations;
- steel towers, nacelles and blades forming part of the wind turbine generators (WTG);
- mobile offshore units (MOU): jackup vessel/self-elevating offshore unit topsides and components of any of the above for offshore substations or offshore accommodations platforms;
- array cables within the wind farms as well as export cables connecting the wind farm to the grid.
ISO 29400:2015 is also applicable to modifications of existing structures, e.g. installation of additional modules or exchange of components.
This International Standard is not applicable to the following operations:
- construction activities, e.g. in a fabrication yard onshore, where there is no exposure to the marine environment;
- operational and routine activities during the service life of the windfarm related to the technical maintenance works regularly required for the components;
- diving;
- marine operations related to the operational and routine activities during the service life of the windfarm.
ISO 29400:2015 presumes compliance with international, national and local rules and regulations. This International Standard does not replace the applicable rules and regulations.
Cycle de vie
Révisée par
PubliéeISO 29400:2020
Vous avez une question?
Consulter notre Aide et assistance
Horaires d'ouverture:
De lundi à vendredi - 09:00-12:00, 14:00-17:00 (UTC+1)


text:
Windpower Monthly TV to interview wind energy leaders at EWEA 2013
An exciting new project will make sure that you can keep up with what's happening at EWEA 2013, whether you are there or not. Windpower Monthly TV will feature the latest news from the annual event - including product launches, big company announcements and interviews with some of the sector's leading names. The reporters will also be finding out what participants are talking about on the exhibition floor.
Footage will be broadcast on a rolling basis throughout the event, with edited highlights available online, allowing both EWEA 2013 attendees and those unable to make it to Vienna to get an overview of the latest news and opinions from the wind industry.
Pat Rabbitte, Irish Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, Christian Kjaer EWEA's CEO, and Ana Aguado, CEO of Friends of the Supergrid, will give their views on the state of the industry, what policies and initiatives are needed to drive growth, and how co-operation is needed to shape the wind industry in years to come.
The challenges surrounding bank financing of wind power will be the focus of interviews with Marc Schmitz, Senior Vice President at Rabobank, Richard Konig of Austria's Raiffeisen Centrobank AG and other global experts. They will examine the role that banks have to play in the coming years, shedding some light on how Basel III and Solvency II are changing the face of lending.
Big industry names, including Jürgen Zeschky, CEO of Nordex, Alfonso Faubel, CEO of Alstom, Stephan Ritter, GE Renewable Energy Europe's Managing Director and Henrik Stiesdal, CTO at Siemens Wind Power, will be talking about the role turbine technology has to play in driving down the cost of energy, where they think the core markets are, and where they think they'll be in 5 years' time.
Find out more about Windpower Monthly TV here.
If you have a news story you think would be of interest, please get in touch at [email protected]