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Welcome to the Amazing New HP Prime
HP Prime is available to buy now. So, get in touch to discuss the support I can offer to get you started with this astonishing new device. A capacitive high resolution touch screen on a calculator? Student will love it. More than that it provides an intuitive interface onto mathematical exploration in a way which changes what is possible.
HP Prime is fully compatible with the StreamSmart 410 and a full range of Fourier Science probes for real time data streaming. Go to the links and resources page to download GT Springer's handouts from the NCTM conference to get a glimpse into what is possible with this new device. Also, read the MEI report into using CAS enabled devices in maths teaching and in maths exams. Download the full activity set from the European training: HP Prime Activities and lots more. |
HP Prime The New Future by Chris Olley
HP Prime will be launched ready for September and the new school year. Have a look at the teaser YouTube HP released to show you what it looks like. Last week I had one in my hands at a launch workshop in Prague led by GT Springer the lead designer. GT has been central to most of the major innovations in graphing calculator design and he has put all of that experience into a genuinely wonderful new device. Read the interview GT gave to the US tech blog Cemetech. First impressions matter to schools who want to show the smart new kit they are buying and to students who want something really flash in an era where new tech does indeed look good. It is interesting that after a stunned response at the NCTM conference in Colorado there has been a lot of buzz around tech sites like Slashgear and Ubergizmo. Well that's good, because if the tech savvy think it's worth talking about then bright young teachers and their equally bright students will take a look. Being an old fogey myself, all I can say is that it look very smart indeed,with a brushed aluminium front and a smooth bright screen. The colour is bright and very sharp with extremely clear detail and you just have to keep reminding your self that it is a touch screen and that you can drag and move objects and navigate drop down menus. The touch is smooth and very accurate. Younger folk than me will do this instinctively, I'm sure that they will be wondering how it could be done any other way. It is very well made and feels sleek and smooth all round. It is about 300g which feel sufficiently heavy to be solid but easy to hold and it balances really nicely in tho hands with your thumbs over the Home screen and the CAS button. You really feel you are holding a classy piece of kit. So, part one of the battle is won, savvy young people will want one and schools will be proud to show off that they bought them. So, what does it do? The biggest headline is: wireless connectivity. Files can be transferred via the connectivity software. However, if you plug a small USB dongle (which you purchase seperately) into the top of the PRIME, it will immediately be recognised on the computer, notably the teacher's computer in class. Files and settings can then be transferred wirelessly. (Only from PRIME to PC not from PRIME to PRIME). More than that, the PRIME screen can be shown on the teacher's screen. Then their will be class polling functions allowing the teacher to set a question from her computer and students to offer responses from their PRIMES with the results shown in table and chart form. Just like the polling systems many schools are getting which only do this. That will be just the start of what can be done. The critical point is that this a plug-and-play system. No set up, which is a critical factor for classroom use. The software itself initially looks like an up-rated version of the HP39gII, which it is, so you will find all of the Apps in the HP39gII working exactly the same. So, anyone who has used a HP39gII will get started immediately. However, there are three new Apps which make a big difference. There is a mathematical spreadsheet, a dynamic geometry system and the advanced grapher. Together these represent a major advance in providing an space to explore mathematical ideas. These tie together with the big pause for breath moment. The CAS button.There is no CAS/non-CAS option. A mathematical machine must speak algebra and this one does. There are two home screens; a CAS screen which deals with exact objects and the traditional home screen which deals with approximate objects. The Apps can use the last object from each of these screens and the choice is always there; CAS screen or Home screen. This recognition of the fundamental pure/applied, exact/approximate distinctions is central to an underlying philosophy which has the potential to transform the way we think about exploring mathematics. For me, this is the thing that will determine future research into maths education technology. The spreadsheet, the dynamic geometry and the advanced grapher can all take CAS and non-CAS statements and allow users to explore the results. Just to get a feeling for what this means, have a look at GT's handouts from the NCTM conference. Now the sad thing is that exam boards are scared of CAS and we look forward to a future where CAS systems will transform maths exams by getting beyond procedural questions and towards mathematical problem solving. Well done to MEI for getting an A-level moduleapproved allowing CAS and look to Germany and Australia for examples where CAS is embraced. But in the UK CAS is not allowed. Well, no, CAS is not allowed in public maths exams for which any calculator IS allowed. So, it is quite clear that this machine has a CAS system, so could you use it in an exam? To be sure the answer will be yes, the machine includes a comprehensive exam mode. A menu system allows a vast range of features to be turned on or off, CAS is one of the, but suppose a particular exam disallowed solver apps, they can be turned off too. The system is password protected and the user will simply be greeted with a little round exclamation mark if they try to access or disallowed function or suppressed apps will simply be missing from the menu. For school use, the teachers sets the settings they want e.g. turn off the CAS, creates a password and then beams this setting to all of the connected PRIMES, wirelessly. A series of bright LEDS light up in the same sequence while exam mode is engaged. It is immediately clear to the exam secretary that the machine has only those facilities allowed in exams. In discussion with teachers, it became clear that this feature sets up the possibility to allow younger learners to get started with the machine in a simplified mode and actually presented exciting pedagogic possibilities too. The exams battle is a big one and many schools still think you cannot use any graphing calculator in a maths exam, so we will need to talk with exam boards and the JCQ to make sure the message is clear enough: you can use this machine in a maths exam and without disabling it as an amazing teaching tool. I've always been a fan of calculators as a learning tool. I've said elsewhere that tablets are exciting, but you don't work and think like that, you need different technological tools for different functions and the resilience of the calculator as a form factor is remarkable I think for this reason. It's a highly portable, personal thinking space. I am really excited about PRIME because it has all of the maths you could possibly want with an intuitive touch driven interface, wireless connectivity to support proper classroom dialogue in a package that everyone will want to own. |


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*Compatible with our infant loungers only*
Our Snuggle Me Covers are made with incredibly soft, cozy organic cotton. They are USA-made and GOTS certified. Dyes:
All of our dyes are GOTS organic certified, water-based and no plant or animal bi-products are used.
Wash the Snuggle Me Organic or Original loungers and covers in cold water on hand wash/gentle cycle with organic/dye free detergents. Because our covers contain water based dyes, it is best to wash covers alone to avoid bleeding to other fabrics. Top loaders with agitators should be disabled during wash and only used for hand wash cycles. Never pour detergent directly onto loungers or covers, but instead dilute with running water or use specialized compartments in modern machines. For best results, start by air drying your cover on a flat surface, then tumble dry on low heat in the dryer once cover is damp. Covers can also be dried in the dryer immediately on very low heat. Adding heat to any of our covers will shrink them.


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Apparently the gun haters have decided that since they can't convince business owners to post anti-gun signs, maybe they should post the signs themselves.
After Oct 1st I started to look for posted signs at my favorite establishments.
I frequently go to a local chicken wing place in Greensboro and last week I noticed a simple sicker that pictured a pistol with red circle and line through it. I took it as no firearms allowed.
I was grabbing a to go order so I had already called it in. I was sad as this was going to be my last order as I wasn't going to support them anymore. I REALLY like their wings. The manager is the one who brought me my order and gave me the customary "come again soon." Which I replayed "not likely as long as you have that" pointing at the sicker.
She was shocked and asked the hostess if she knew who put that there. She asked me to wait and went to the back. She came back with the chef who is the owner and he said he had no idea how that got there. He removed it and wished me a good day.
The story has a happy ending, but the follow up is even better.
Yesterday, I went back and the manager said she looked at the surveillance video and said late one night a customer put the sticker there just before closing on their way out. They confronted them as they are also a frequent customer. She stated that she does that all over town where ever she goes. The manger asked them not to come back anymore.
There's a lesson here. If you see a gun ban sign, make sure to question it. It might be some anti-gun jerk posting the sign.
If you are the victim of some gun hater posting a sign like this, please let me know. I can put you in touch with the Grass Roots North Carolina leadership and we can publicly humiliate the person posting the sign. It might not be worth the effort to sue them for Tortious Interference with Business Relationships
Tortious interference with business relationships occurs where the tortfeasor acts to prevent the plaintiff from successfully establishing or maintaining business relationships. This tort may occur when a first party's conduct intentionally causes a second party not to enter into a business relationship with a third party that otherwise would probably have occurred. Such conduct is termed tortious interference with prospective business relations, expectations, or advantage or with prospective economic advantage.
But we could get them on the news acting like jerks.
I can see how random people might start posting the "This home is proudly gun free" signs on the lawns of people who do crap like that.
UPDATE: It's possible that many of you don't know North Carolina law. In NC, any No Guns sign has the force of law. There is not standard mandated sign, like Texas's 30.06 sign. Passing a "No Guns" sign while carrying a gun on a CHP is a Class 1 Misdemeanor.


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Ultimate Guide to YouTube Channel & YouTube Masterclass
What you'll learn
- What YouTube Is & How To Use YouTube
- Beginner, Intermediate & Advanced Tips to YouTube Growth
- How To Create & Grow YouTube Channel From Scratch
- How To Record Your First YouTube Video
- How To Scale YouTube Channel
- How To Get More YouTube Views
- How To Get More YouTube Subscribers
- Constant Updates as YouTube Evolves
- Active Google (Gmail) Account
- Will To Create & Work for Success
Welcome to TubeHeroes 1.5!
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Multi-core, Threads & Message Passing
Moore's Law marches on, the transistor counts are continuing to increase at the predicted rate and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. However, what has changed is where these transistors are going: instead of a single core, they are appearing in multi-core designs, which place a much higher premium on hardware and software parallelism. This is hardly news, I know. However, before we get back to arguing about the "correct" parallelism & concurrency abstractions (threads, events, actors, channels, and so on) for our software and runtimes, it is helpful to step back and take a closer look at the actual hardware and where it is heading.
Single Core Architecture & Optimizations
The conceptual architecture of a single core system is deceivingly simple: single CPU, which is connected to a block of memory and a collection of other I/O devices. Turns out, simple is not practical. Even with modern architectures, the latency of a main memory reference (~100ns roundtrip) is prohibitively high, which combined with highly unpredictable control flow has led CPU manufacturers to introduce multi-level caches directly onto the chip: Level 1 (L1) cache reference: ~0.5 ns; Level 2 (L2) cache reference: ~7ns, and so on.
However, even that is not enough. To keep the CPU busy, most manufacturers have also introduced some cache prefetching and management schemes (ex: Intel's SmartCache), as well as invested billions of dollars into branch prediction, instruction pipelining, and other tricks to squeeze every ounce of performance. After all, if the CPU has a separate floating point and an integer unit, then there is no reason why two threads of execution could not simultaneously run on the same chip - see SMT. Remember Intel's Hyperthreading? As another point of reference, Sun's Niagara chips are designed to run four execution threads per core.
But wait, how did threads get in here? Turns out, threads are a way to expose the potential (and desired) hardware parallelism to the rest of the system. Put another way, threads are a low-level hardware and operating system feature, which we need to take full advantage of the underlying capabilities of our hardware.
Architecting for the Multi-core World
Since the manufacturers could no longer continue scaling the single core (power, density, communication), the designs have shifted to the next logical architecture: multiple cores on a single chip. After all, hardware parallelism existed all along, so the conceptual shift wasn't that large - shared memory, multiple cores, more concurrent threads of execution. Only one gotcha, remember those L1, L2 caches we introduced earlier? Turns out, they may well be the Achilles' heel for multi-core.
If you were to design a multi-core chip, would you allow your cores to share the L1, or L2 cache, or should they all be independent? Unfortunately, there is one answer to this question. Shared caches can allow higher utilization, which may lead to power savings (ex: great for laptops), as well as higher hit rates in certain scenarios. However, that same shared cache can easily create resource contention if one is not careful (DMA is a known offender). Intel's Core Duo and Xeon processors use a shared L2, whereas AMD's Opteron, Athlon, and Intel's Pentium D opted out for independent L1's and L2's. Even more interestingly, Intel's recent Itanium 2 gives each core an independent L1, L2, and an L3 cache! Different workloads benefit from different layouts.
As Phil Karlton once famously said: "There are only two hard things in Computer Science: cache invalidation and naming things," and as someone cleverly added later, "and off by one errors". Turns out, cache coherency is a major problem for all multi-core systems: if we prefetch the same block of data into an L1, L2, or L3 of each core, and one of the cores happens to make a modification to its cache, then we have a problem - the data is now in an inconsistent state across the different cores. We can't afford to go back to main memory to verify if the data is valid on each reference (as that would defeat the purpose of the cache), and a shared mutex is the very anti-pattern of independent caches!
To address this problem, hardware designers have iterated over a number of data invalidation and propagation schemes, but the key point is simple: the cores share a bus or an interconnect over which messages are propagated to keep all of the caches in sync (coherent), and therein lies the problem. While, the numbers vary, the overall consensus is that after approximately 32 cores on a single chip, the amount of required communication to support the shared memory model leads to diminished performance. Put another way, shared memory systems have limited scalability.
Turtles all the way down: Distributed Memory
So if cache coherence puts an upper bound on the number of cores we can support within the shared memory model, then lets drop the shared memory requirement! What if, instead of a monolithic view of the memory, each core instead had its own, albeit much smaller main memory? Distributed memory model has the advantage of avoiding all of the cache coherency problems we listed above. However, it is also easy to imagine a number of workloads where the distributed memory will underperform the shared memory model.
There doesn't appear to be any consensus in the industry yet, but if one had to guess, then a hybrid model seems likely: push the shared memory model as far as you can, and then stamp it out multiple times on a chip, with a distributed memory interconnect - it is cache and interconnect turtles all the way down. In other words, while message passing may be a choice today, in the future, it may well be a requirement if we want to extract the full capabilities of the hardware.
Turtles all the way up: Web Architecture
Most interesting of all, we can find the exact same architecture patterns and their associated problems in the web world. We start with a single machine running the app server and the database (CPU and main memory), which we later split into separate instances (multiple app servers share a remote DB, aka 'multi-core'), and eventually we shard the database (distributed memory) to achieve the required throughput. The similarity of the challenges and the approaches seems hardly like a coincidence. It is turtles all the way down, and it is turtles all the way up.
Threads, Events & Message Passing
As software developers, we are all intimately familiar with the shared memory model and the good news is: it is not going anywhere. However, as the core counts continue to increase, it is also very likely that we will quickly hit diminishing returns with the existing shared memory model. So, while we may disagree on whether threads are a correct application level API (see process calculi variants), they are also not going anywhere - either the VM, the language designer, or you yourself will have to deal with them.
With that in mind, the more interesting question to explore is not which abstraction is "correct" or "more performant" (one can always craft an optimized workload), but rather how do we make all of these paradigms work together, in a context of a simple programming model? We need threads, we need events, and we need message passing - it is not a question of which is better.


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Become an effective communicator who can mobilize others, gain critical information and insights, and lead with confidence.
You will learn to think critically about the professional communications issues that impact the business world on a daily basis, prepared to assess complex communications challenges and implement innovative solutions.
In addition to completing the Core Communications courses listed below, choose from among seven concentrations that allow you to further specialize in your desired field.
Thinking about earning your master's degree? Here are the top reasons that most people decide to earn their master's degrees.


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Aquascape AquaBasin 30 (MPN 78223)
The Aquascape AquaBasin® 30 is the ideal water basin for a wide variety of decorative water features, including stone, brass, ceramic, and resin fountains. The basin is constructed of professional-grade, high-density polyethylene and backed by a lifetime warranty to ensure years of satisfaction. The AquaBasin 30 handles pump flow rates up 2,000 gallons per hour and can store up to 27 gallons of water. Drillable deck cylinders across the top of the basin provide endless plumbing and lighting options and keep unsightly cables and plumbing out of sight. The large, flat deck makes it easy to set and position fountains and the center cylinder is pre-drilled for plumbing single fountain applications. A pump access panel with integrated handle makes it easy to remove the cover for pump access. The large size of the corner access is compatible with larger pumps and is the area is elevated to prevent gravel from falling into the basin during pump maintenance. The square shape reduces water loss due to splash off and maximizes water storage capacity and drainage slots throughout the deck maximize water circulation.
- Ideal for a wide variety of water feature sizes and styles
- Professional-grade, high-density polyethylene construction is built to last
- Drillable deck cylinders provide endless plumbing and lighting options
- Elevated corner pump access prevents gravel from falling into the basin
- Lifetime warranty


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Hanbury Gets Ready for The Big Dot-Com Play Tell Greater Milwaukee Convention & Visitors Bureau president and CEO William Hanbury that he's another hospitality industry convert to dot-com life, and he'll probably disagree. "It's a simple segue from one part of the CVB business to another," says Hanbury, who will leave his post December 31 to head up a for-profit Internet spin-off of the International Association of Convention and Visitor Bureaus (IACVB), called The Official Travel
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About Private Label Cleanse/Detox Supplement Manufacturing
This product may assist with overall wellness and weight loss support.
BL Bio Lab Manufacturing Solutions & Packaging
- All supplements are available in capsules, tablets, powders, and liquids upon request.
- Bottle volumes can range from 30, 60, 90, 120 & more. Other packaging solutions available.
BL Bio Lab Supplement Manufacturing Statement
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Effects may vary from individual to individual. If you have an existing medical condition please consult your doctor prior to use.
Private Label Cleanse/Detox Supplement Manufacturing Process
With every new order of custom supplements or private label supplements that are placed with BL Bio Lab, there is a fundamental process flow that must be executed to perfection in order to deliver the finished product to the customer. After our Global Supply Chain Purchasing Team purchases the needed raw materials to make each product they will arrive at our facility. Upon arrival, they will be quarantined and prepared for laboratory testing. During laboratory testing our Quality Control Chemists will be making sure that each and every raw material that is delivered to our facility from somewhere across the globe is tested for identity, efficacy, and quality. BL Bio Lab has high standards for raw materials because their quality is reflected in the finished product.
Our Quality Control Lab executes all of the raw material, stability, and finished product testing for every product that is formulated and shipped to and from our facility. Once our testing process is completed, out Quality Control (QC) team will determine if the raw material is approved or disapproved. If disapproved, all raw material is rejected. If approved, the raw material is entered into our active inventory, the QC will begin weighing the ingredients and then verified for mixing. If disapproved, it is quarantined and our QC team begins investigating the issues to declare the mixing of the product a needed rework or rejection. If approved, it then moves into actual supplement manufacturing production.
The product is then filled in a bottle and/or unit packaging, passed to QC Label Control/Verification, then to product labeling, and on to QC Final Product Testing. If testing issues are found, it is disapproved and moved to quarantine for further review. If approved, the product order is prepared for shipping. This process can take from the point of initial purchase anywhere between 5 to 8 weeks depending on the complexity of the product formulation.


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Types of Hunting Laws
Hunting laws fall into three basic categories.
- Federal laws regulate the taking of migratory bird species, such as doves and waterfowl, ducks, geese, and swans. Doves and waterfowl breed in Canada and the United States and winter in the southern United States and Mexico. The authority to manage them is in the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, an international treaty among our three nations.
- State and provincial laws and regulations manage the hunting of non-migratory species, such as deer, rabbits, turkeys, and pheasants. States and provinces manage wildlife and regulate hunting using laws and regulations.
- Municipal laws may restrict, for example, the shooting of a firearm within a certain proximity to a home or residential neighborhood.


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a convenient way to set initial focus on input component.
For the inpatient readers: sample workspace to download and start with JDeveloper 22.214.171.124
(11g Release 2) containing a custom tag <adfExt:setInitialFocus/> and a sample usage of it.
<adfExt:setInitialFocus/> features:
- Drag and Drop usage from Control Palette in JDeveloper: ADF Extensions -> Set Initial Focus
- Drop on editable components, like inputText etc.
- Handles multiple usage of the tag - initial focus is placed on first input component rendered in a view
- Handles submit on a same view - the focus should stay where it is
- Handles properties readOnly, disabled, visible of input component.
Initial focus doesn't provide much value in case an input component is not visible or read only. - Works with regions and therefore with components reused multiple times
NOTE: The principles of implementation can be successfully applied in a previous versions (11g R1 with JSF 1.x) , feel free to take a code and adapt it to your needs.
Steps to get the tag into your web project and use it in JDeveloper Component Palette (directory structure of a sample web project is assumed):
- Copy the file SetInitialFocusBehavior.java (implementation of the tag) into your project.
- Copy the file adfExt.taglib.xml (facelets tag library with a definition of it) into WEB-INF\resources directory
- Add the following context parameter into web.xml:
Check if tag library is present in JDeveloper Project Properties:
Once configured, a new library ADF Extensions should be available in JDeveloper Component Palette:
There is one component in a library:
Drag and Drop it on some input component, like af:inputText:
Once the page is rendered, a cursor should be placed on that component:
Lets take a closer look to the use case of "Set Initial Focus" component.
User experience
A user opens an input form (built with ADF Faces) to enter some data. The cursor is placed on first editable field, so he can proceed using a keyboard instead of grabbing a mouse first. After initial focus is set, the user takes a control on cursor position. Once the user took a control and started to navigate ( using TAB or arrow keys), he can finish his work and submit a data entered.
Note: the first input field might not always be the case - a developer might choose the most suitable component to set initial focus on, based on specific requirements.
Developer experience
A software developer might expect to mark a component as a candidate for the initial focus with almost no effort:
- set a property on appropriate component (initialFocus = true)
or - Drag a control, like "Set Initial Focus" from a component palette in JDeveloper and drop it on the input component of a page.
Implementation challenges
ADF is designed for reusability, especially the bounded task flows facilitate that. One of the challenges covered in this blog post from Frank Nimphius is related to the naming containers and the naming path: it is not always a case to know it in advance. It results in difficulties to locate a component in Javascript.
Reusable components are (and shouldn't be) not aware about a usage context of them. The simplest way to set a focus is on the other hand to call a Javascript function focus() on component once it has been rendered. We need to get an instance of component in Javascript, therefore need a client Id in order to find it.
ADF Faces provide a build-in AJAX functionality to reload parts of a page. The implementation using Javascript has to take care about it. In case of partial refresh, a user is still on a same page and doesn't expect the cursor to jump away (see the blog post from Edwin Biemond and the first comment on it).
Addressing the challenges
The implementation of <adfExt:setInitialFocus/> tag is aimed to address the issues described in order to provide an experience users and developers expect. Some new features provided by JSF2 are used.
One of the features used is Behaviour. See the blog post Das Behavior API with a description of it (oups - it is german link, sorry - I took a notice about a language only reviewing a post. I leave the link - modern browsers offer built-in translation, so it helps to google for additional resources in case of interest). My expectation on ClientBehaviour was to get an access to the clientId of component in java code. I'm not sure, if its by design, but one might expect that in case a ClientBehaviour tag is attached, the ADF Faces component renders also a client-peer of it. In that case, there is no need to set a "client Component=true" every time you use initial focus tag. The implementation and my simple tests met the expectation. Drop me a line in case you are familiar with internals of ADF Faces in relation with ClientBehavior.
Facelets in JSF2 allows to build a tag libraries with ease, so it was selected to provide initial focus functionality for developers as custom tag.
The sources of sample project and implementation are available on public Github repository. In case someone might want to extend, rewrite or fix some issue - it is aimed to facilitate that.
It would be nice to get a feedback on usage of the tag - does it behave in your environment like expected?
To finish the post, a snippet of the source provides the rest of implementation details:


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August 18, 2007
Paso Robles, Calif., as a "wine destination," seems a bit strange for anyone who has traveled through the semi-coastal city in southern San Luis Obispo County during the past 30 years.
Nice enough town. Nice restaurant stop and usually the cheapest gas on Highway 101. Paso is cowboy country with a great mid-state fair.
It has always been a welcome stop for anyone traveling from the San Joaquin Valley to the coast. The only "attraction" worth visiting (if only once) between Bakersfield and Fresno and Paso, has for years been the James Dean Memorial at Cholame. It is a glitzy, stainless steel thing wrapped around an oak tree with rattlesnake warning signs. Dean died about a mile south, when his sports car plowed into a sedan making a left turn in front of him.
A few more miles west, and the reason Paso Robles is now a "wine destination" becomes evident. Vineyards roll up the hillsides around Shandon, where dry-land wheat has been grown for years. Continuing on toward Paso, billboards beckon drivers to winery tasting rooms. These are not just any tasting rooms, but rows of chateau-like structures befitting California's North Coast wine fascade. They line both sides of Highway 46 into Paso Robles. Head to Cambria, Hearst Castle, and the coast on 46 West, and just off 101 there is a winery tasting room on every corner.
Paso Robles is a Johnny-come-lately in the Central Coast wine expansion of the past three decades. Santa Barbara County and the Santa Maria areas have about a decade head start, but Paso has caught up with, if not passed, its southern neighbors as a recognized wine destination.
There are almost 30,000 acres of wine grapes in the Paso Robles and York Mountain American Viticultural Area (AVA) — 217 bonded wineries and more than 80 tasting rooms. Grapes are the No. 1 agricultural commodity in the county.
Racks of Paso Robles wines are everywhere, even next to the Cheetos and Ding Dongs in local convenience stores.
Twenty-five years ago, when Paso hosted its first wine festival in the downtown city park, 17 wineries and maybe 1,500 people showed up. This year the winery count was 90, at what the Paso Robles Wine Country Alliance calls the largest outdoor wine festival in the state. Annually, about 6,500 people purchase tasting tickets.
Paso Robles is on the wine map.
However, as robust as the transformation of Paso Robles to a wine destination may be, it is only half of the story because only half of the grapes produced in the area are utilized by area wineries. The rest are shipped out of the county, and that puts Paso Robles grape growers in the same dead-in-the water boat as their peers in the rest of the California wine industry.
Gone are the not-so-distant days when grape buyers would go to the end of a dusty road to buy 20 acres of Merlot, according to Dana Merrill of Templeton, Calif., who owns and manages 4,000 acres of Central Coast vineyards. He also brokers grapes and bulk wine as part of his Mesa Vineyard/Wine Management companies and as owner of Pomar Junction Vineyard.
"It was so good for so long and everyone thought it would last forever. Everyone who had premium Cab in their backyard was getting a 30 percent return. Who wouldn't want a piece of it?" said Merrill.
"Vineyards big and small were planted everywhere. It became the lifestyle."
The inevitable consequences of overplanting became a reality. For at least the past seven years, it has been the California wine grape malaise, exasperated by the huge 2005 crush, that has throttled wine grape prices.
The economic downturn will change in time. Cycles always go the other way at some point. Wine grape experts have been predicting it for several years to no avail.
However, Merrill, a 25-year Central Coast wine grape veteran, is seeing tangible signs of wine grape demand increasing — for certain varietals from certain places.
Stasi Seay of Paso Robles, Calif., is a third-generation San Luis Obispo County farmer and second-generation wine grape grower. She agrees with Merrill.
She is also Central Coast wine growing representative for Diageo Chateau and Estate Wines. She represents about 8,000 acres of vineyards, buying and selling grapes for some of the most prominent wineries in California: Sterling, Beaulieu Vineyards (BV), Edna Valley Vineyards, Solaris and Echelon Chalone — to name a few.
"I am buying whites and selling reds," said Seay. "The whites from 2005 are primarily gone. Reds are still hanging over the market."
"Overall, the supply and demand market will begin the true balancing process in 2008, and by 2009 there will be more demand than supply," she predicted.
The upside is predictable because vineyard planting has virtually stopped. Hundreds of San Joaquin Valley grape growers are out of the business after pulling at least 100,000 acres over the past five years, replacing them with almonds, pistachios, or other crops. While the less valuable valley wine grapes do compete directly with higher value coastal wine grapes, the valley pullouts reduced the overall wine grape supply. On average, there is probably a $500 per ton spread between valley ($200 to $300) and coastal wine grape prices ($700 to $800 per ton).
However, this upturn in the wine grape price cycle will likely be changing long-term and short-term paradigms.
For growers hanging on until the turnaround, expecting to reap windfall prices like in the past upturns, Merrill said they will be disappointed. The Central Coast Cabernet Sauvignon fairy will not magically wave her wand and make $700 Cabernet turn into $1,500 to $2,000 Cabernet in two years.
One reason is that many wineries are not renewing contracts, putting more grapes on the open market, according to Merrill and Seay.
"There are no more large blocks of grapes being planted, but there will be more grapes coming on to the market due to the contracts not being renewed," said Merrill. Some of those grapes are in large blocks, as evidenced by several notable North Coast wineries leaving the Central Coast.
Consolidation of wine grape buyers also will have an impact. "There are fewer buyers today, and that will mean fewer buyers looking for grapes even when the supply catches up with demand. The few big buyers left will not have time to go down that dusty road looking for 20 acres of grapes.
"They will go to growers, or groups of growers, with large blocks to get what they want," he said.
Last year, growers saw an inkling of another new paradigm. "The wine world is now a global business where supplies are sourced worldwide to alleviate shortages and oversupplies." Many experts predicted the beginning of a turnaround last year, but many major wineries went to Australia and other countries, and bought cheap bulk wine rather than purchase grapes. Many of those wineries own, or are partners in, foreign wineries.
"California wineries would rather buy California grapes, but not at twice the price they can get the same thing elsewhere in bulk. Wine is now a world commodity."
"Because of that, when the cycle starts swinging back the other way, I believe it will be a more gradual process. It will be different than we have seen in other cycles," said Merrill.
Seay said consumer influence clouds the supply and demand picture.
"We spend our whole lives in the wine business chasing what we think the consumer will want four or five years down the road," she said. "It can be frustrating."
For example, two years ago the consensus was to plant Merlot. Today growers are grafting over Merlot to other varieties they hope to sell because no one wants Merlot.
"No one saw the Merlot fallout coming. Some say it was the movie "Sideways" that caused the big shift from Merlot to Pinot Noir and Cabernet. Merlot may have been headed down before "Sideways." Who knows? What we do know is that Merlot took a nosedive in two years," said Merrill.
However, there is a sheep-like mentality in these switches. What one grower does, others copy. "I would not be surprised to see us out looking for Merlot in 2009," stated Seay.
Whites like Riesling, French Colombard and Gewürztraminer were ripped out, or grafted over to Chardonnay just a few years ago. "Guess what wineries are talking about today? Riesling programs," she noted.
Blends are another growing paradigm. "Wineries are getting away from the varietal names and creating all sorts of crazy blends. You probably should never put together Zin, Syrah and Cabernet, yet some winemakers are, and then making up names for the wine," Merrill stated.
Merrill and Seay also believe California is doing what Europeans and areas like Napa in California are doing, "building a sense of place."
"We are doing that here. I am doing that as a company. There is only one Paso Robles, and I think what we are doing here with that is paying off," he said.
One of Merrill's marketing tools is to bottle wine from the vineyards he manages and or owns, and take the bottles to wineries and wine marketers, just like he would market the grapes.
"As a vineyard management company, we have established a good reputation for the grapes we produce. We enhance that reputation by taking wine from our own vineyards," he said.
"People say you cannot sell Syrah. We sold 50 tons of it to a North Coast winery for $1,350. They could have bought Syrah cheaper, but they felt it was a good value for their program. They may buy more later," he said.
"I am optimistic about the future. One reason is I think there are some smart winery buyers out there who are now starting to buy grapes. Maybe not for the prices people wanted, but for a lot more than rock-bottom low prices."
"They have locked in prices where they and the grower can make some money for five or 10 years," he said.
Merrill points out that the California wine industry is relatively small.
"Although there has been a lot of consolidation and sales of wineries, the same people are in the industry. The marketer or buyer who worked for Glen Ellen may now work for newer emerging brands. It would be great to have these companies buy grapes in Paso Robles. We are a coastal region that can hit their price points. People in this business know what is going on and are making decisions on what is obvious for the next few years. There are very few new vineyards being planted locally," he said.
During this downturn, California wine sales have continued to grow.
Although most growers, wineries and lenders would agree with Seay and Merrill that the numbers certainly foretell a balancing of supply and demand, there does appear to be few new vineyards going in the Paso Robles area.
"You may see some small boutique vineyards go in over the next couple of years, but no big plantings like we have seen in the past," he said.
One reason is the expense. "It costs about $45,000 per acre to put in a new vineyard, including land, irrigation system, trellising … everything," he said. "There is not a lot of good land for vineyards left, and what exists is expensive because this has become a very desirable place to live, as well as grow wine grapes. There are some vineyard sites that are worth a lot more per acre for building sites than they'll ever be worth for wine grape production."
Plus, the downturn has had its fallout and vineyards are for sale by those who cannot or do not want to hang on. "Right now you can buy nice vineyards here for $30,000 per acre," he said.
Merrill and Seay believe the Paso Robles area is one of the better coastal locations for wineries and grape growers.
"It is a lot easier doing business here than in Santa Barbara County and Monterey. For example, if you want to build a winery here on ag land, it is an agricultural project. In the other two counties it is industrial," Merrill said. "We get unprecedented cooperation and support from the county."
The economic impact of wine and wine grapes in Paso Robles and San Luis Obispo County is $1.8 billion. Wine tourism brings in $113 million.
"The thing that makes me optimistic is we are seeing the under-30 crowd at the festivals and the tasting rooms. Their parents discovered Napa, and they are discovering Paso Robles," said Seay.
Merrill and Seay credited the Paso Robles Wine Country Alliance for leading the way toward establishing Paso Robles as a "wine destination."
"It is the largest voluntary wine promotion group in the state. The budget is $1 million annually, and you could say that all goes for promotion," said Merrill.
Merrill still meets a lot of people with considerable cash in hand who want to grow wine grapes, make great wine, and live happily every after. "I have talked people out of that who did not understand that it takes a lot of hard work and good business acumen to sustain a wine grape vineyard or winery," said Merrill.
"I guess you could be lucky and buy a Pinot Noir vineyard one day and the next day the movie "Sideways" comes out. Not many people will be that lucky," he said.
Two years ago, when the movie came out, Santa Barbara Pinot Noir was selling for $2,000 per ton. Now it is being offered at $4,000 per ton.
During those same two years, there were grape growers on the coast who left other wine grape varietals hanging because they had no buyers. Other producers sold grapes at bargain basement San Joaquin Valley prices, and regretted it because by law the price had to be reported, lowering the value of coastal wine grapes.
"Little by little, supply is catching up with demand," Merrill said. "One thing that will help it along is that the Central Coast crop is small. Not a small as 2006, but we do not have a big crop on the Central Coast."
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Basking the euphoria of is yet to be released second Studio Album title 'Sakamanje'. Seriki is here with his first official single off the Sakamanje Album titled "Angel" featuring Sojay.
Seriki decided to drop this single after series of calls from hid teaming fans who are waiting for the aftermat of his last single Titled "Sakamanje" featuring Reminisce which is still enjoying massive airplay both in Nigeria and overseas. Enjoy below


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Chapter 5
Page 41
A busybody/gossip
Yentas With Attitude
One of Pynchon's acronyms? Is there a significance to the similarity of Y.W.A and the pronunciation of the Tetragrammaton? Wikipedia The god described in the Tanakh can have quite the attitude.
Or perhaps simply a play on the seminal hip-hop group N.W.A. ("Niggaz Wit Attitudes")
Benford's Law
Heavy handed editing? Not like Pynchon to explicitly define jargon (hash total and Luhn checks slip past without comment on the very next page).
Page 42
Consecutive invoice numbers. Hash totals that don't add up. Credit-card numbers failing their Luhn checks.
If you were looking over invoice numbers, they'd be more random, not numbered consecutively. Consecutive invoice numbers imply someone was just making them up in order, as the probability is they wouldn't be in consecutive order.
A "hash total" is just a batch total done on one or more numeric fields which appears in every record. This is a meaningless total, e.g., add the Telephone Numbers together for a number of Customers. It is used as a verification device for documents or records. For example, the dates of letters in a file may be added and separately noted as hash total. Thereafter, to ensure that no letter has been misfiled or substituted, the dates are re-added and the new total is compared with the hash total. Wikipedia
The Luhn algorithm or Luhn formula, also known as the "modulus 10" or "mod 10" algorithm, is a simple checksum formula used to validate a variety of identification numbers, such as credit card numbers, IMEI numbers, National Provider Identifier numbers in US and Canadian Social Insurance Numbers. It was created by IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn and described in U.S. Patent No. 2,950,048, filed on January 6, 1954, and granted on August 23, 1960. Wikipedia
False Lunchmeat
aka phony baloney
Page 43
Traditional Russian song used as a musical track on Tetris. Pynchon also referenced Tetris in Against the Day [1] Hear it.
the plaintive folk tune
Referring to the song above. Any connection to the passage from page 1 of The Crying of Lot 49 that mentions "a dry, disconsolate tune from the fourth movement of the Bartok Concerto for Orchestra"?
- I doubt it. Pynchon is pretty well-versed in classical music, and "plaintive folk tune" clearly refers, as noted, to the Korobushka.
I see a slight connection, maybe not even intended by Pynchon, but one that can still be made. With Korobushka, Tetris and the "plaintive folk tune," you have the linking of something garish, a video game theme song, "the anthem of nineties workplace fecklessness" with something more soulful. The fourth movement of the Bartok Concerto enacts something like this. From an online program guide to the Concerto: The fourth movement ("Interrupted Intermezzo") plays with clichés of "innocent" folk music, while the rude "interruption" is often claimed to represent Shostakovich, whose Seventh Symphony (the "Leningrad") had recently become a popular rallying cry of resistance to the invading Germans. (The music that is allegedly being parodied was itself intended by Shostakovich as a savage parody of the forces of totalitarianism). Other interpretations, however, have challenged that longstanding view of Bartók's intent.
just downloading some shit, 56K's a awesome speed
In reference to 56Kbit/s, a moderate speed at the time for downloading from a file sharing website like, say, the immensely popular Napster.
Page 44
RS232 shit
Interface cables; at the time RS232 was the standard for connecting modems, printers, mice, etc to pc's. Today, these connectors are mostly obsolete, having been replaced by USB and other faster standards.
Page 45
the li'l goombas of Web design
a reference to Super Mario Bros.
Zima's the bitch drink of the nineties
This lemon-lime malt beverage was immensely popular in the years following its 1993 debut by Coors. It eventually gained a reputation as a girl's drink and was discontinued in 2008. Wikipedia entry
Fabian's Bit Bucket
In computing, the bit bucket is jargon for where lost computerized data has gone, by any means; any data which does not end up where it is supposed to, being lost in transmission, a computer crash, or the like, is said to have gone to the bit bucket — that mysterious place on a computer where lost documents go, as in: "What happened to that important spreadsheet that I was just editing?" OR "Oh, it went into the bit bucket." Wikipedia entry
Page 46
Dr. Zizmor
A physician whose subway ads were all over the NYC subway for over 30 years[2].
Bill Gates ... Microsoft
At the time, among computer geeks, Microsoft was the embodiment of all evil, and its CEO Bill Gates was the devil incarnate. (Bill Gates retired in 2008, so this was long before the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation became the world's largest charitable foundation)
Page 47
a single over on Rikers
a year in prison
Arabic Leet
Urban dictionary: Originating in the early 1980's, leet speak was first used by hackers as a way to prevent their websites/newsgroups from being found by simple keyword searches.
Time is what the Stones call on their side, yes it is.
"Time Is on My Side" is a song written by Jerry Ragovoy (under the pseudonym of Norman Meade)and made famous by the Rolling Stones in 1964. The chorus: "Time is on my side, yes it is."
Page 48
the kind of barrel that holds 42 gallons<br\> Crude oil in the U.S. is measured in barrels (1 bbl = 42 U.S. gallons)
Quantitative analysts
Page 49
Trichology is the branch of dermatology that deals with the scientific study of the health of hair and scalp. Trichologists themselves are not normally licensed healthcare workers, although members of the medical profession can undertake courses and/or careers within trichology. Trichology can be used in forensic studies of hairs to find suspects. Forensic trichology can determine the approximate age, body mass, race, and other important traits of the hair's owner.[citation needed] Trichologists are loyal to the academic study of hair loss science.
Page 51
a lemon-lime alcopop haze
The reference is to the Zima drink, of a class of what is called "alcopop," very sweet alcohol drinks which are popular with young people. Zima has a lemon-lime flavor. Wikipedia
The sleazy old Deuce she remembers from her less responsible youth is no more, Giuliani and his developer friends and the forces of suburban righteousness have swept the place Disneyfied and sterile.
Pynchon is referencing here the school of thought claiming "Disney Saved Times Square", charting the dramatic increase in tourism and cost of billboard space in NYC's famed epicenter along with the production of a string of long-running, highly profitable, and artistically restrained Disney musicals. Through Maxine's mention of "the old Deuce", Pychon expresses his preference for the seedier Times Square, as it is perhaps found in "V".
Times Square Redevelopment (NYTimes) [3] Disney Theatrical (Wikipedia) [4]
Chapter 1 pp. 1-7 |
Chapter 2 pp. 8-19 |
Chapter 3 pp. 20-29 |
Chapter 4 pp. 30-40 |
Chapter 5 pp. 41-52 |
Chapter 6 pp. 53-67 |
Chapter 7 pp. 68-79 |
Chapter 8 pp. 80-86 |
Chapter 9 pp. 87-95 |
Chapter 10 pp. 96-111 |
Chapter 11 pp. 112-120 |
Chapter 12 pp. 121-133 |
Chapter 13 pp. 134-144 |
Chapter 14 pp. 145-159 |
Chapter 15 pp. 160-171 |
Chapter 16 pp. 172-184 |
Chapter 17 pp. 185-197 |
Chapter 18 pp. 198-210 |
Chapter 19 pp. 211-218 |
Chapter 20 pp. 219-229 |
Chapter 21 pp. 230-238 |
Chapter 22 pp. 239-246 |
Chapter 23 pp. 247-255 |
Chapter 24 pp. 256-264 |
Chapter 25 pp. 265-273 |
Chapter 26 pp. 274-287 |
Chapter 27 pp. 288-300 |
Chapter 28 pp. 301-313 |
Chapter 29 pp. 314-326 |
Chapter 30 pp. 327-337 |
Chapter 31 pp. 338-346 |
Chapter 32 pp. 347-353 |
Chapter 33 pp. 354-364 |
Chapter 34 pp. 365-382 |
Chapter 35 pp. 383-394 |
Chapter 36 pp. 395-407 |
Chapter 37 pp. 408-422 |
Chapter 38 pp. 423-438 |
Chapter 39 pp. 439-447 |
Chapter 40 pp. 448-462 |
Chapter 41 pp. 463-477 |


text: The Apostle having clearly stated, and fully proved the doctrine of justification by the righteousness of faith, proceeds to observe the comfortable fruits and effects of this great blessing, known and enjoyed by the believer; as also the source and spring of it, the love of God, which appears in the death of Christ, in the room and stead of his people, which is the foundation on which it stands; and likewise gives an illustration of this benefit, by comparing the two heads, Adam and Christ, together. The first fruit and effect of justification, as a benefit perceived and enjoyed by faith, is peace with God through Christ, Ro 5:1. The next is access through the Mediator to the throne of grace, where justified ones stand with a holy boldness and confidence, and the third is a cheerful hope of eternal glory, Ro 5:2, yea, such not only have joy in the hope of what is to come, but glory even in present afflictions; which prevents an objection that might be made to the above mentioned fruits and effects of justification, taken from the tribulations which saints are exercised with: and what occasions glorying even in these, is the sanctified use, or happy produce of afflictions, these being the means of exercising and increasing patience; by means of which a larger experience of divine things is gained; and through that, hope is confirmed, and all influenced by a plenteous discovery of the love of God to the soul, by the Spirit, Ro 5:4,5, an instance of which love is given, Ro 5:6, in Christ's dying for men; which love is enhanced by the character and condition of the persons for whom Christ died, being ungodly, and without strength; and by the time of it, being due time: then follows a further illustration of this love, by comparing it with what instances of love are to be found among men, Ro 5:7, by which it appears to be unparalleled; since scarcely for a righteous man, peradventure for a good man, one would die, yet no man dies for the ungodly, as Christ did: hence as his, so his Father's love is highly commended, by giving him up to death for persons while in such a state and condition, and under such a character, Ro 5:8, and justification now springing from this love, and being founded on the death of Christ, hence follow a security from wrath to come, Ro 5:9, a certainty of salvation, Ro 5:10, which is strongly argued from the different characters those Christ died for bear, before and after reconciliation, and from the death to the life of Christ, Ro 5:10, and also a rejoicing and glorying: in God through Christ, full expiation being made by his blood for sin, and this received by faith, Ro 5:11, and then the apostle proceeds to compare the two heads, Adam and Christ, together; the design of which is to show the largeness and freeness of the love and grace of God; how righteousness for justification comes by Christ; and how the persons, before described as sinners and ungodly, came to be in such a condition; and that is through the sin of the first man, in whom they all were, and in whom they all sinned and died, Ro 5:12, wherefore there must be a law before the law of Moses, or there could have been no sin, Ro 5:13, but that sin was in being, and was reckoned and imputed to the posterity of Adam, is clear from this single instance, death's power even over infants, from the times of Adam to Moses, Ro 5:14 who therefore must be a public head, representing all his posterity; so that they were involved in the guilt of his sin, which brought death upon them; and in this he was a type of Christ, as is asserted in the same verse; that so as Adam was but one, and by one sin of his conveyed death to all his seed; so Christ, the Mediator, is but one, and by his one obedience conveys righteousness and, life to all his seed: and yet in some things there is a dissimilitude; sin and death, through the first man, are conveyed in a natural way to his offspring, but righteousness and life from Christ in a way of grace, Ro 5:15, It was one offence of Adam's, which brought condemnation and death upon all his posterity; but the righteousness of Christ is not only a justification of his seed from that one offence, but from all others, Ro 5:16, the one is unto death, the other unto life; and greater is the efficacy in the one to quicken, than in the other to kill, Ro 5:17, where a repetition is made of what is said in Ro 5:15, with an explanation, and the similitude between the two heads is clearly expressed, Ro 5:18, where condemnation on account of the sin of Adam, and justification through the righteousness of Christ, are opposed to each other; and both as extending to the whole of their several respective offspring, condemnation through Adam's offence to all his natural seed, and justification of life through Christ's righteousness to all his spiritual seed; which is still more fitly and clearly expressed in Ro 5:19, where the way and manner in which the one become sinners, and the other righteous, is plainly directed to; that it is, by the imputation of Adam's disobedience to the one, and by the imputation of Christ's righteousness to the other: in Ro 5:20, an objection is obviated, which might be formed thus; if justification is by the grace of God, and through the obedience and righteousness of Christ, then the law is of no use; what purpose does that serve? what occasion was there for its entrance? The apostle replies, that though justification is not by it, yet a good end is answered by its entrance; for hereby sin is more known to be what it is, both original and actual; and the grace of God appears more abundant in justification from it, and in the pardon of it; and this grace is further illustrated in Ro 5:21, by comparing sin and grace together, and the different effects of their empire over the sons of men; the one reigning unto death, the other reigning through righteousness to eternal life by Christ.


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Tyler Perry |
When I wake up in the morning and see the sunrise as I'm running, I thank God for new mercies every day. As I was running this morning, I started thinking about this and you know how much I like to share my morning thoughts… LOL
I was out just thinking about my life and all the times that I wished that a door had opened. All the times I had promoters and people lie to me saying that they would help me... I remember wishing the bank would approve my loan request for a house or a car (usually one I couldn't afford at the time). I wished that this person would help me or that person would do something to help my business, or this person would help my dreams come true.
As I look back now I'm so glad that none of those situations worked out. I'm so glad God closed those doors because they forced me to find the right path for me. If you're in this situation and you feel like doors are closing all around you and you are frustrated, here's something I'd like you to think about: Life can be like a living maze. You know what a maze is. In a maze, you start out at one end and your objective is to find your way to the finish line.
Many times you may make a turn and hit a dead end and you have to go another way. Just like life, that door closing on you sends you another way. It doesn't mean it's not going to happen, it just means you need to go another way. If you keep moving, eventually you will get to where you're going.
Another thing that is important when you're in a maze, as in life, is to remember where you have been. If you get turned around and confused in a maze, in order to get out, you have to remember the dead-ends that you have already hit. Just like in life you have to remember all the doors that were closed so you don't waste time going that way again. If you want to get to your dreams you can't expect to get there by doing the same thing and going to the same spots. You must try something different. I'm not saying give up on your dream, I'm saying try another path to the same dream. Same maze, same dream, but take a different direction to get there.
I feel sorry for people who have a dream and give up because it gets hard. Let me tell you something, "IT'S GOING TO GET HARD!" And my answer to that is, "SO WHAT? MAKE IT HAPPEN!!!" Don't stop because a door closed. I have learned to thank God for closed doors. You have to know that if God wanted you to go that way, no man could close that door. But for some reason he allowed that door to be closed, but if that one was closed I assure you that there is one that is open somewhere. And it's the right one. Don't stop until you are living your dream.
Is this helping anybody?


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Private 20+ Rome Sights Tour & Visit The Pantheon Skip-The-Line
- 기간: 5 시 (대략)
- 위치: Rome
What we will see & where we will be
Here you will gain skip-the-line access to the only building from ancient Rome that has remained practically intact throughout the centuries and get a real sense of what it would be like to walk around The Pantheon as a Roman citizen almost 2000 years ago.
However, before entry we start outside the Colosseum for a 3-hour private walking tour of the city to get you acquainted with the history and culture of the area. Be fascinated as your guide privately takes you through some of the stories and most entertaining moments that this incredible monument to history has to offer.
Next, make your way north with stops including the imposing Vittorio Emanuele / II Monument. Be wowed by the Forum, the heart of the Roman Empire from 1900 years ago, and historic Palatine Hill.
Pause for some ice cream and a well deserved break before going through the heart of Rome. There, encounter the Pantheon, St Maria Sopra Minerva Basilica with its Michelangelo sculpture, the Palazzo Cipolla, and Piazza Navona for many photo opportunities around the famous fountains.
We finish the tour at the awe-inspiring square at the amazing huge baroque Trevi Fountain.
After the walking tour you will get Skip the line entry to The Pantheon so you can explore inside to your hearts content and see the wonders and the greatest expression of the glory of Rome for more than two thousand years.
The tour is 5 hours in duration (3 hours Rome Walking Tour & 2 hours at The Pantheon). (We will not accompany you inside The Pantheon)
Feel free to book any time between 9AM to 10PM. +£50 per extra person
Know before you go
What's included :
- Fun Knowledgable guide!
- Skip-the-line entry to The Panthoen
- 20+ Top sights of Rome
- Private 3-Hour walking tour
Please bring with you
- An umbrella if its raining/ Sun protection if bright
- Comfortable Shoes
- Drinks & Snacks
- Camera (for all the photos you'll be taking!)
Where we meet
Caffe Roma, Via del Colosseo, 31, 00184 Roma RM
Please meet your guide outside Caffe Roma next to the upper level entrance B for Colosseo Metro Station.
Once you have booked we will send you a confirmation email with all the details of how, where and who to meet on the day of your tour


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The Welcome Center hosts a historic photo display of Southern Pines and offers maps, brochures and other publications outlining many of the cultural, recreational, and business offerings available in this unique town.
Located in the Sandhills region, Southern Pines developed as a resort area in the late 19th century. The historic depot is within walking distance of shops, restaurants and galleries.
The Welcome Center is a 501(c)(3) organization, which means your donations are tax deductible.


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Aliturgical Days
Those days on which the 'liturgy', i.e. the Holy Sacrifice of the Eucharist, is not allowed to be celebrated
Aliturgical Days. —This term, though not recognized by any English dictionary, has lately come into use as a convenient designation for those days on which the "liturgy", i.e. the Holy Sacrifice of the Eucharist, is not allowed to be celebrated. The term is warranted by modern Greek example (aleitourgetikos, liturgia carens dies—Nilles, "Calendarium", II, 743—though aleitourgesia under the Empire commonly meant exemption from public burdens), and the conception is much more familiar among the Eastern Churches than in the West. In the Roman Rite, in fact, there is only one day in the year which is generally recognized as aliturgical. This is Good Friday, on which, as is well known, the Holy Sacrifice is not offered; since the so-called "Mass of the Presanctified" which takes its place contains no prayer of consecration, and the sacred Host which is consumed by the celebrant is one that has been consecrated on the preceding day. Strictly speaking, the Holy Saturday is also an aliturgic day in the West; for it is easy to show that the Mass which is now celebrated in the morning, after the blessing of the paschal candle and the font, belongs of right to the office of Easter Eve, and that in the early ages of the Church it was only celebrated after midnight at the close of the great Easter vigil. In the Ambrosian Rite, still retained in the Church of Milan, all the Fridays of Lent are also theoretically aliturgical, and no Mass is celebrated on those days in the cathedral or the parish churches (see the sketch of Ambrosian practices in Magani, "L'Antica Liturgia Romana", Milan, 1897, I). But the prohibition is evaded by many of the clergy who on these days say their Mass in convents and other privileged chapels where the Roman Rite is followed. In the Russian Orthodox Church at the present day the whole of the seven weeks preceding Easter are aliturgical, except the Saturday and Sunday of each week. Amongst these aliturgical days, however, certain differences are made, for on some of them the "service of the presanctified" (akolouthia ton proegiasmenon) is celebrated in the evening. These days are the Wednesday and the Friday of the first six weeks of Lent, a very few minor festivals, and the first three days of Holy Week. The feast of the Annunciation, whenever it falls, is a liturgical day, but if it chances to coincide with Good Friday the feast is transferred to Easter Week.
Although we do not possess much which can be regarded as direct and clear evidence, there is every reason to believe that in early centuries of the Church aliturgical days were numerous both in East and West. In the beginning of things Mass seems to have been said only on Sundays and on the very few festivals then recognized, or perhaps on the anniversaries of the martyrs, the bishop himself officiating. To these occasions we have to add certain days of "stations" which seem to have coincided with the Wednesday and Friday fast then kept regularly throughout the Church. But there is considerable doubt whether the liturgy was always celebrated on these days of stations, and we have indications in Tertullian and other writers of a current of opinion which tended to regard the offering of the Holy Sacrifice as inconsistent with the observance of a true and serious fast. In Alexandria in the fifth century we have direct testimony of the observances on certain fast days of all the rites which belonged to the usual assembly of the faithful (synaxis), "with the exception of the celebration of the mysteries". This probably points to some kind of Mass of the Presanctified. A letter of Pope Innocent I (401-417) to Decentius of Eugubium makes it clear that no Mass was said in Rome on Good Friday and Holy Saturday, and some writers have wished to draw the conclusion that the same was true of all Fridays and Saturdays throughout the year. In Spain Canon xxvi of the Council of Elvira (300) may be quoted as evidence that the faithful at that time fasted every Thursday evening to the Sunday morning, and that the liturgy was probably celebrated during the vigil of the Saturday night as the fast drew to its close. No doubt this practice followed the type of the Holy Saturday vigil. In the later centuries we can only be sure of certain isolated facts which argue considerable diversity of usage. Dom Germain Morin has shown that at Capua, in the sixth century, and also in Spain, Mass was celebrated during Lent only on the Wednesday and the Friday. It is probable that a similar rule, but including the Monday also, obtained in England in the days of Bede or even later (see "Revue Benedictine", 1891, VIII, 529). At Rome we also know that down to the time of Pope Gregory II (715-731), the liturgy was not celebrated on Thursdays. In the East, Canon xlix of the Council of Laodicea (365?), laid it down "that it is not lawful to offer bread in Lent except on the Saturday and the Lord's day", while the Council of Constantinople (in Trullo), in 692, speaks explicitly of the liturgy of the presanctified and appoints it to be celebrated on all days of Lent, except the Saturday, the Sunday, and the feast of the Annunciation.


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Liar Liar
Liar Liar – latest movies streaming
Fletcher Reed a fast talking attorney, habitual liar, and divorced father is an incredibly successful lawyer who has built his career by lying. He has a habit of giving precedence to his job and always breaking promises to be with his favorite young son Max, but Fletcher lets Max down once too often, for missing his own son's birthday party. But until then at 8:15 Max has decided to make an honest man out of him as he wishes for one whole day his dad couldn't tell a lie. When the wish comes true all Fletcher can do is tell the truth and cannot tell one lie. Uh-oh for Fletcher!
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