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Now we're going to take a close look at something that is not in the budget plan the White House proposed yesterday. Steps to eliminate the federal deficit are nowhere to be found. In fact the plan would add $7 trillion to the deficit over the next decade. That has upset many fiscal hawks who consider getting rid of the deficit to be a core principle of the Republican Party. NPR senior business editor Marilyn Geewax joins us to explain what the deficit does to the country. Hi, Marilyn.
MARILYN GEEWAX, BYLINE: Hi, Ari.
SHAPIRO: In case people don't know, what does it mean for the government to run a deficit?
GEEWAX: Well, here's a way to think about it. Say you take home $50,000 a year, but you spend 55,000. You could put that extra $5,000 on your credit card, and that's your gap. That's the gap between income and expenses. And the first time you do it - OK, so you get away with it, and you owe that $5,000. But the next year, you owe 10,000 plus the interest, and every year, it keeps piling up. That's your total debt. So that's the difference between the annual deficit and the total debt.
And this is what the government does. Every year it runs short, it borrows money. It piles up deficits, and then it all adds up to a national debt. And right now we have these new tax cuts coming in. There's more spending probably for the military, for infrastructure, all kinds of things. And that will increase those annual deficits. They'll get piled on top of our existing 20 trillion - with a T - 20 trillion in national debt.
SHAPIRO: And how does the forecast now compare to what we've seen historically?
GEEWAX: Well, it's a lot. It's huge. It's starting to be where we get - (laughter) we're looking at it as normal to have a debt that is as big as our entire economy for the entire year. You know, our GDP is about $20 trillion. It was never that high except in times of war. It should be more like maybe 50 percent. So the president has put out this new budget, and he doesn't show that budget deficit going down anytime in the future.
SHAPIRO: As you've said, the U.S. has run a deficit for a long time already. Is it a problem to run annual shortfalls indefinitely?
GEEWAX: Well, this is why economics can be interesting. This part could be somewhat debatable. Let's look at the deficit in a somewhat less scary way. Say you're that person, and you owe that $55,000 every year. So you're putting the 5,000 on your credit card. You know, if you keep doing that, your credit's going to get cut off. Somebody's going to put you into bankruptcy court.
But when you're the U.S. government, people trust you. You know, we've been paying our debts on time in full for, you know, literally centuries. We have this big, powerful economy. We've got a military. We control our own currency. So foreign investors are fine with loaning us more money. And as long as people want to keep lending us more money, then maybe it doesn't matter if we increase our borrowing. And then there's this one other big advantage that we have.
SHAPIRO: What's that?
GEEWAX: (Laughter) Well, you know, when you and I have expenses, they're immediate. Like, we owe the rent. We owe to pay for our dinner. We have to buy gas. But when the federal government has bills to pay, they're actually like projected expenses - their promises. So you and I - we're being promised that someday we'll get a Social Security check, you know? We're counting on that to be there for us. But the government could change its promise. Congress could just suddenly say, Marilyn, Ari, no checks for you.
SHAPIRO: And...
GEEWAX: We're out of money.
SHAPIRO: (Laughter) And what are the chances of Congress doing that?
GEEWAX: (Laughter) Well, that does seem pretty unlikely. But, you know, if the deficits get big enough and you start scaring your investors, you could either raise taxes a lot on future generations. That's a problem for the kids and grandkids. Or you could keep cutting those promises to the people. And some people say that's exactly what Republican lawmakers are trying to do - that it's sort of a long game, that they're going to keep using these deficits as a pretext to keep cutting back on government.
SHAPIRO: All right.
GEEWAX: So that's really where we're at.
SHAPIRO: That's NPR senior business editor Marilyn Geewax. Thank you.
GEEWAX: Oh, you're welcome. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Costly medical bills, the potential need for nursing home care, the possibility of dying, and the need to provide security for a surviving spouse are a few important reasons to get financial affairs in order.
Just as people usually get to a point where they need a health care representative to make decisions when they can't, it's wise to appoint someone to make financial decisions should that time come.
Planning ahead ensures that family members will be provided for in the manner of your choosing.

subset: commoncrawl


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General Dentistry
Helping our patients maintain a healthy mouth and smile is the main goal of general dentistry. We prefer to provide more minor, preventive care than to see patients suffer with more intensive treatments from a problem that was not managed in time. We want to ensure that your oral health is in its optimal state and positively contributing to the health of your entire body. We are here to brighten your smile and pave the way for a brighter life.
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A beautiful smile is one of the most sought after cosmetic features in the world. People from all backgrounds and professions want a bright, straight smile, and we are here to help turn that desire into reality. Whether through minor adjustments or major treatment plans, our cosmetic dentistry practice aims to improve your smile and help you build confidence in the way your teeth look.
Restorative Dentistry
Howard I Fine DMD is committed to offering a full range of dentistry services. Whether you've had repairs or need a complete replacement, we recommend continual check-ups to assess your gums and bone density to assess the surrounding areas associated with your implant.
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Our dentists and entire staff understand the importance of good oral health for young children. They have specialized training in primary teeth. They are here to help protect and restore children's teeth so that they can speak and eat easily and have a wonderful smile. They understand the growth and development of children's teeth so they can start children off with good oral health.
We also understand how important taking care of children's teeth is. We will work with parents to ensure their children are taking good care of their teeth at home. We will also monitor their mouths for any problems so we can catch them early. If needed, we will work with your children's regular doctor to treat any problems we find.
Periodontal Services
Periodontics is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal disease as well as the process of replacing teeth with dental implants. Periodontists receive up to three years of additional, specialized training in treating periodontal disease and other conditions.
Periodontists are also specialists in treating oral inflammation and any condition requiring either non-surgical treatment or oral plastic surgery. Oftentimes, periodontists are treating conditions caused by periodontal disease and its effects such as persistent bad breath or gum recession.
Dental Technology
Our staff at Howard I Fine DMD is proud to offer the best state-of-the-art dental technology right here in our office in White Plains, NY . We understand that the newest technology can make a huge difference and that is why we invest in advanced dental technology. We are committed to staying at the forefront of dental techniques.
We offer advanced and innovative procedures like dental implant restoration, Invisalign invisible braces, and much more. This allows us to provide you with the dental care that you are looking for and deserve.


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Legal Notice and Conditions to the Use of this Website
This website ("Site") is a brief introduction to Rockhill Management, L.L.C. ("Rockhill"). It is not intended to be a comprehensive source of information. It may contain highly condensed summaries and general statements based on data that can and does change often. Such information is provided "as is" and is subject to change without prior notice, and, to the fullest extent permissible pursuant to applicable law, is provided without warranty of any kind, express or implied. For our visitors' convenience, Rockhill may provide links to other sites. Moreover, links to this Site may be provided from other sites with or without Rockhill's knowledge. Rockhill is not responsible for the content or privacy practices of any site that is linked to or from this Site.
Rockhill expressly disclaims any liability, whether in contract, tort, strict liability or otherwise, for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive or special damages arising out of or in any way connected with your access to or use of this Site, and/or any Rockhill-affiliated companies' websites whether or not Rockhill and/or Rockhill-affiliated companies' were aware of the possibility of such damages.
The site is not intended, nor shall it be construed, to be an offer or solicitation for the sale of any interests in Rockhill, its sponsored businesses, or any of their respective investments.
The trademarks, service marks, logos and trade names ("Trademarks") displayed on the Site are owned by Rockhill or by a third party who has granted Rockhill the right to use them on the Site.


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Overo GPIO
The Overo kernels support the sysfs gpio implementation for accessing GPIO from userspace.
This allows you to control GPIO from the command line this way
root@overo# echo 146 > /sys/class/gpio/export root@overo:/sys/class/gpio# cat gpio146/direction in root@overo# echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio146/direction root@overo:/sys/class/gpio# cat gpio146/direction out root@overo# cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio146/value 0 root@overo# echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio146/value root@overo# cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio146/value 1
If you have an expansion card with a 40 pin header, then this will be controlling pin 27. You can use pin 1 for a ground. (If you don't have a meter, a p/n 276-0330 1.8V Red LED from Radio Shack works for testing.)
Schematics and pin-outs for the Gumstix expansion boards can be found here.
How It Works
See the kernel docs gpio.txt for an overview of gpio and the userspace sysfs interface. The "Sysfs Interface for Userspace (OPTIONAL)" section near the end discusses the userspace implementation.
See the OMAP35X Technical Reference Manual Section 7.6.3 PADCONFS Register Description and Table 7.5 Core Control Module PadConf Register Field in Section 18.104.22.168 Pad Multiplexing Register Fields for identifying the possible MUX configuration for each GPIO. For OVERO DM3730 see the Technical Reference Manual Section 18.104.22.168 PADCONFS Register Description.
Then see the U-Boot source code, board/overo/overo.h for how the pins on the Overo are actually being muxed. See include/asm-arm/arch-omap3/mux.h in the U-Boot tree for the definitions used in overo.h. The pins in mux mode M4 are already configured for GPIO.
Making Modifications
Currently all the GPIO multiplexing for the Overo's is being done by the bootloader U-Boot, so the conventional way to modify the pin muxing is to edit overo.h and rebuild U-Boot.
You can also change the mux configuration from within Linux. One simple approach is to do it from userspace accessing /dev/mem. A program devmem2 is part of the omap3-console-image and will work. See the remuxing example below.
If you are writing your own kernel module, you can also read/write the PADCONF registers the way you normally would after an ioremap.
Third, there is a Linux build config option CONFIG_OMAP_MUX, not normally enabled in the Overo configs, that will give you some additional utility functions to simplify mux changes within kernel or module code (see arch/arm/plat-omap/mux.c).
Finally, it looks like the Linux OMAP34xx pin muxing code is getting a complete overhaul. See this thread on the Linux OMAP mailing list. Judging from some posts on the Gumstix lists, it sounds like this will be available in 2.6.33.
Overo Kernel Usage
Just because pins are configured as GPIO in u-boot, doesn't necessarily mean you can use them. If you look at /sys/class/gpio on a default Overo, you'll get something like this.
root@overo:~# ls /sys/class/gpio export gpio164 gpio65 gpiochip160 gpiochip64 gpio15 gpio168 gpiochip0 gpiochip192 gpiochip96 gpio16 gpio176 gpiochip128 gpiochip32 unexport
The reason you see some GPIO already exported is because the linux code in arch/arm/mach-omap2/board-overo.c is explicitly exporting these pins for another use. Whether they are being used depends on the hardware you have attached. The kernel also uses pins configured as GPIO that it doesn't export. These depend on the board configuration and the kernel drivers being used.
To be more explicit, look inside board-overo.c, you'll see these definitions
#define OVERO_GPIO_BT_XGATE 15 #define OVERO_GPIO_W2W_NRESET 16 #define OVERO_GPIO_PENDOWN 114 #define OVERO_GPIO_BT_NRESET 164 #define OVERO_GPIO_USBH_CPEN 168 #define OVERO_GPIO_USBH_NRESET 183 ... #define OVERO_SMSC911X_GPIO 176 #define OVERO_SMSC911X2_GPIO 65 ... #define OVERO_GPIO_LCD_EN 144 #define OVERO_GPIO_LCD_BL 145
Follow their usage inside the file and you will be able to explain the /sys/class/gpio output you see above.
Input or Output
Pins configured as GPIO are sometimes also specified as being strictly input or output.
This can happen when they are mux'd or when they are explicitly exported by the kernel.
In either of those cases you won't be able to change the I/O direction from userspace.
Electrical Specifications
Voltage is 1.8v
Current specifications <TODO ???>
Usable Pins
Here's a few GPIO you can use immediately from userspace without any u-boot or kernel changes. It will however require that the specific GPIO isn't used by the attached expansion board.
40 Pin Expansion Header
Pin 4 - gpio114
It's the pendown signal on the touchscreen controller but it's available if you aren't using a expansion board with touchscreen support.
This pin can not be configured as output, it is input only (see OMAP35X Technical Reference Manual p. 3389).
Pulled-low, reads 0 with no input, reads 1 with an input applied
Pin 19 - gpio170
The HDQ/1-Wire output. Not used unless you explicitly enable the 1-wire module.
User exportable
Output only - configured this way in the u-boot muxing
Pin 27 - gpio146
Pin 29 - gpio147
User exportable
Direction can be changed
Floating state
Pin 28 - gpio145
Pin 30 - gpio144
Used with LCD, but available if not using an LCD
Configured as output only when exported by the kernel in board-overo.h. Can't change direction from userspace without modifying kernel.
Set to ON by kernel during init (not all configs, see board-overo.c). This could be a problem for real use, but okay for testing.
Palo43 Board
LED D2 - gpio21
LED D3 - gpio22
Userspace exportable, set the direction as out
echo 0 > gpioxx/value to turn on, echo 1 > gpioxx/value to turn off
Switch - gpio14
Switch - gpio23
Userspace exportable, leave direction as in
With the switch open (not pushed) will register a value of 1
Push the switch and the value will be 0
Example: Changing the multiplexing for a pin
If you aren't using the first SPI bus, then there are 5 pins on the 40-pin expansion header that you could repurpose for GPIO.
Pin 3 - gpio171(spi1_clk)
Pin 5 - gpio172 (spi1_mosi)
Pin 6 - gpio174 (spi1_cs0)
Pin 7 - gpio173 (spi1_miso)
Pin 8 - gpio175 (spi1_cs1)
The first step is to find the appropriate PADCONF register address for each gpio from Table 7.5 of the TRM. Pay attention to whether it is the low or high order 16 bits for each gpio. You should come up with these values.
gpio171 : 0x4800 21C8
gpio172 : 0x4800 21CA
gpio173 : 0x4800 21CC
gpio174 : 0x4800 21CE
gpio175 : 0x4800 21D0
Using devmem2, here is how you could read the current PADCONF value for what could be gpio171
root@overo# devmem2 0x480021c8 h ... Value at address 0x480021C8 (0x400201c8): 0x100
Which corresponds to a mux value of (IEN | PTD | DIS | M0) using the U-Boot mux.h definitions. Mux mode 0 for this pin is the spi1_clk configuration found by looking in Table 7.5 of the TRM.
To reconfigure pin 3 to be gpio171, as input or output with inputs pulled low, write 0x010C to the controlling PADCONF register. This would correspond to (IEN | PTD | EN | M4). The bit fields are defined in the TRM Section 7.6.3.
root@overo# devmem2 0x480021c8 h 0x10c
Now you can export and configure gpio171 from userspace like the example with gpio146 at the beginning. To make it visible in sysfs:
echo 172 > /sys/class/gpio/export
If you want this multiplexing to be permanent, then you would modify the U-Boot file board/overo/overo.h and rebuild U-Boot. If you are using OE, then you'll want to generate a patch file to be used in the u-boot-omap3 recipe.
There are additional pins on the header that can be reconfigured this way.
To reconfigure pins from within a kernel module the following code can be used:
void *addr = ioremap(spi1_clk, 4); if (!addr) { printk("Cannot ioremap 0x%lx\n", spi1_clk); } else { printk("ioremap OK: 0x%lx\n", spi1_clk); iowrite32( 0x010C | (0x010C << 16), addr); iounmap(addr); }
This will make both gpio171 and gpio172 input or output with inputs pulled low.
Interrupts on GPIO pins
Here is an example on setting up an interrupt on GPIO pin 23 from within a kernel module:
irqreturn_t gpio_irq_handler(int irq, void *dev_id) { static int cnt=0; printk("gpio_irq_handler %i\n", cnt++); return IRQ_HANDLED; } int gpio_irq= gpio_to_irq(23); int ret = request_irq(gpio_irq, gpio_irq_handler, IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, "gpio irq handler", gpio_irq_handler); if (ret) printk("gpio interrupt request failed\n"); else printk("gpio interrupt request succeeded\n");
GPIO Software for the Overo
Dave Hylands has written several software packages to facilitate GPIO programming on the Overos.
GPIO Event Driver allows multiple GPIO lines to be monitored from user-space.
User GPIO Driver is a reflection of the kernel's gpiolib API into user space.
More Links
Here is another article BeagleBoardPinMux talking about OMAP3 pin muxing.
Verdex GPIO
GPIO( n ) |
- Logic level (3.3V) signals
- 3-4mA max
all GPIO's information and examples should go here
According to the PXA270 datasheet:
most of the pins are limited to 3mA, and a few can go upto 4 mA (see page 5-9)
Accessing GPIO's from userland
If proc-gpio is a module, add it to /etc/modules or do a modprobe proc-gpio.
A number of files exist under /proc/gpio, one for each GPIO on the PXA processor.
If you cat one of these files, you get, eg:
# cat /proc/gpio/GPIO12 12 GPIO in set
That tells you — GPIO number, function (either GPIO, AF 1, AF 2, or AF 3), in|out, set|clear.
You can change any of those values, by writing to the file, eg:
# echo "AF1 out" > /proc/gpio/GPIO12
This sets GPIO12 to AF1, out mode. (In the case of GPIO12, the PXA defines this function as putting out the 32kHz clock signal.) this is currently case-sensitive
If you have the GPIO set to an output, and GPIO mode, you can set or clear the signal:
# echo "GPIO out set" > /proc/gpio/GPIO12 # echo "GPIO out clear" > /proc/gpio/GPIO12
The alternative functions are described in the PXA255 Developer's Manual (link should be found in the Featured links-box) section 4.1.2.
Alternative method to access GPIO's from userland
The User GPIO Driver provides a reflection of the kernel's gpiolib library into userspace.
gpio-event driver
The GPIO Event Driver allows gpio changes to be captured from user-space.


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You'll be sippin' a mojito and singing the Tone Loc special by the time you can click "add to cart". Frame protection is clear so your frame will be visible.
- Universal kit designed to fit all bikes and sizes. Comes with 6 easy-to-trim pieces for toptube, downtube, chainstays, and seatstays. Designed to fit XL frames, and is easy to trim down to the desired size.
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- An affordable way to customize your bike.
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Option | UPC | MPN | Store SKU |
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Matte | 723803859575 | SQ9808449 | 210000090868 |


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Last week I was lucky enough to go to two workshops: one at the British Museum which brought together a bunch of scholars to talk about recent work at both Pompeii and Herculaneum, and the other at Cambridge which presented the results of the Herculaneum Conservation Project.
We've had a whole series of posts about Herculaneum in the last month, mostly related to the recent publication of AWH's new book on the site. On Tuesday evening John Nicoll, the director of Frances Lincoln (the publisher of Herculaneum), told me (and I hope he doesn't mind me repeating this) that in the two weeks since AWH's book came out, a phenomenal 1400 copies have been sold. This clearly reflects a thirst for knowledge about this ancient site, which hopefully will now start to receive as much popular, and scholarly, attention as Pompeii. So, what really struck me first of all about the papers given at the two workshops is that there is still so much more research to be published. AWH's book is merely the start. (Incidentally, last week I received a copy of Nicolas Monteix's new book, Les Lieux de Métier. Boutiques et ateliers d'Herculanum, which looks really interesting – and if anyone would like to review it for Blogging Pompeii, or lead a discussion about it, they should contact me).
The second thing that – although not new – was brought home forcefully was the conservation context of the recent work at Herculaneum. The startling archaeological discoveries of the past few years (the boat on the shore, the lower stories of the House of the Telephus Relief, the wooden roof, the head of theAmazon, the wooden tripod, the dionysiac relief, and the organic and non-organic finds in the sewer beneath Cardo V) are the result of a truly multi-disciplinary project involving archaeologists, conservators, engineers, architects, GIS specialists and so on. For example, if the project engineer hadn't been worried about the ability of the House of the Telephus Relief to support a new roof, the lower stories of this insula would not have been uncovered by archaeologists who dug a trench to examine the strength of the foundations. A further knock on effect of the discovery of these lower stories was that they provided evidence for dramatic changes of sea level in the last 100 years of the town's life. Is this isn't an argument for prioritising conservation on an archaeological site, I don't know what is.
You can tell I enjoyed myself! All the papers were fascinating (and there were some great papers about Pompeii too). My only regret is that these weren't bigger events. Herculaneum, and the work of the HCP in particular, deserves a bigger audience.
The programme of the Cambridge workshop can be viewed here. If anyone would like to see the British Museum programme they should email me and I will send it along.


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It's amazing how many websites try to insist that you've accepted their terms of use just by browsing to a page on their site. Actually, "amazing," is the wrong word, "ridiculous" is better.
How can you know what their terms are without first viewing a page on their site and clicking through on a link to them? Of course, by then, you've already agreed to their terms, or at least that's their dubious assertion. How can you agree to terms you haven't even reviewed?
I figured that turn about is fair play, so I downloaded an extension that lets me "add headers to every HTTP request":https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/967/ my browser makes. I then created my own terms:
X-user-terms: By answering this HTTP request, you agree that I am not bound by any ridiculous terms of use that you try to impose on me for merely viewing your site.
My terms are much more reasonable than theirs since they have a chance to review them before serving a page to me.


text:
BillboardIn its 114th year, Billboard remains the world's premier weekly music publication and a diverse digital, events, brand, content and data licensing platform. Billboard publishes the most trusted charts and offers unrivaled reporting about the latest music, video, gaming, media, digital and mobile entertainment issues and trends. |
Términos y frases comunes
adult contemporary album Angeles ARRC artist audience awards band Billboard Billy Ocean broadcast cassette catalog chart Christmas Compact Disc concert Continued country music customers dance dealers debut digital recorder disk executive featured film format Freddie Jackson Halsey Hee Haw Home Entertainment industry International jazz John Julian Lennon Karl/Lorimar labels Lennon Lionel Richie Live Aid Love major manager manufacturers MCA Home Video MIDEM movie music video musicians NARM Nashville Nayer Oarfolk offer package Paul performance Peter Keepnews played PMRC prerecorded production promotion release rental retail rock rock'n'roll Roy Clark says single songs Sony Sound Springsteen studio success talent tape Tears For Fears television there's things tion titles tour two-track USA for Africa vice president video clips Videocassettes Warner week Wham Whitney Houston year-end year's York


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Disney to Release 'Hamilton' Starring the Original Broadway Cast
Welcome to PopCrush's Daily Break! Here's a breakdown of today's hottest pop culture and lifestyle stories as heard on PopCrush Nights, airing across the country. Check out Lady Gaga's rumored new beau, exciting Hamilton news and more, below!
Disney to Release Hamilton Starring the Original Broadway Cast!
Disney will release a film version of the hit Broadway musical Hamilton, starring the original Broadway cast. The movie is scheduled to hit theaters in the U.S. and Canada on Oct. 15, 2021. The original show debuted in 2016 at the Richard Rodgers Theater in New York City. In order to retain the musical's same essence in the movie, Disney plans on combining the elements of live theater and film. (via People)
Chiefs Player Celebrates Super Bowl Win by Covering Adoption Fees for Dogs in Team's Hometown
Derrick Nnadi, defensive tackler for the Kansas City Chiefs, is giving back to dogs in need after the amazing win at the 2020 Super Bowl. KC Pet Project announced that Nnadi will cover the adoption fees of any shelter dogs currently available for adoption in celebration of winning the Big Game. (via People)
Walmart Is Now Selling a Rosé Wine Water Enhancer Just in Time for V-Day
Perfect for a romantic Valentine's Day spent with your boo... or just by yourself!
Lady Gaga's Rumored Boyfriend Has Been Revealed
Fans believe that the pop star is currently dating Parker Media CEO Michael Polansky. (via Business Insider)


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Attendance Matters
Attendance Matters
School success and good attendance go hand in hand. Ensure your child succeeds in Rosemount-Apple Valley-Eagan Public Schools by helping them build a habit of good attendance early. Attendance Matters is an initiative in District 196 that takes a proactive approach to making sure students are in school every day.
This initiative was launched in the 2018-19 school year and provides administrators and educators a renewed opportunity to dig deeper into the reasons for unexcused absences in an effort to keep kids in the classroom. The Attendance Matters initiative uses research and resources from the national Attendance Works program to highlight the seriousness of chronic absenteeism and the effects it has on learning, as well as strategies to improve attendance.
Attending school regularly helps children feel better about school—and themselves. Start building this habit in preschool so they learn right away that going to school on time, every day is important. Good attendance will help children do well in high school, college and beyond.
Did you know: Research shows when students attend school regularly, they feel more connected to their community, develop important friendships, strengthen social-emotional skills and are significantly more likely to graduate from high school.
Along with the state of Minnesota, we are providing information about implementing the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) and the process the Minnesota Department of Education used to develop the Minnesota State ESSA Plan. Learn more about the North Star Excellence and Equity System/ESSA.
Dedicated to student success
At District 196, our highly competent educators and administrators are committed to educating, developing, and inspiring out students for lifelong success. As a school district of choice, we have high academic standards and expectations for our students, and this starts with being prepared and in the classroom every day.
In accordance with District Policy 503.2AR, students are expected to attend class every day, with the exception of school-authorized and verified absences. Excessive absences may have adverse consequences.
Approximately 13.57 percent of District 196 students are identified as chronically absent, which means they have missed 18 or more days of school throughout the school year. (The national average is 14 percent.)


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Federal Judge Recommends Reform of Plea-Bargaining Process
Federal District Judge Jed S. Rakoff has a long-standing reputation for being an honest, open-minded, and fair jurist when presiding over criminal cases. He has continually shown the courage to address some of the most profound issues within our criminal justice system, and has always taken the "high road" in doing so. Many criminal defense practitioners have lauded Judge Rakoff's judicial wisdom as well as his "no-nonsense" attitude when dealing with prosecutors that play fast-and-loose with their ethical obligation to disclose favorable evidence.
According to Professor Peter Widulski of Pace Law School, who once served as a law clerk for Judge Rakoff:
Judge Rakoff is one of the most brilliant and respected members of the federal bench. He is a man of the highest integrity, and his dedication to the law is a model for all jurists and lawyers. This dedication is manifested not only in his work on the bench but in the extensive teaching he has done for many years at Columbia Law School.
Recently, Judge Rakoff has proposed innovative changes to help reform the plea-bargaining process. He suggested a new process whereby magistrate judges would hear evidence and issue plea bargaining recommendations pre-trial. Such proceedings would allow both the prosecution and defense an opportunity to present relevant facts, and to weigh-in on the evidence likely to be presented by the government at a trial.
Judge Rakoff explained that such a process would bring "plea bargaining from behind closed doors and relieve pressure on the defendants deciding whether to risk a longer sentence by heading to trial." He also noted that judges should become more involved in the process to protect defendants from feeling bullied into pleading guilty and help prevent overzealous prosecutors from using mandatory minimum sentences as a coercive bargaining chip.
Judge Rakoff estimates that from 1% to 8% of the prison population may be the result of false guilty pleas. He notes that the "current process is totally different from what the founding fathers had in mind." He explained that more needs to be done to protect innocent people from coerced pleas –as "even 0.5% [of false pleas] would total more than 10,000 [innocent] people" in prison.
In 2009, Judge Rakoff was also outspoken about sentencing inequities created by mandatory minimums for firearm offenses. In Unites States v. Ballard, Judge Rakoff refused to submit to the government's request to impose a Guideline range sentence on non-gun counts, and to stack consecutive mandatory sentences for each firearm conviction on the defendant's armed robbery counts. He noted that the case did not warrant the 64-year sentence advocated by the prosecution and refused to become a party to such an "unconscionable result." He found that the imposition of a one-month sentence for the non-firearm counts was proper given the two consecutive 25-year sentences required under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c).
Judge Rakoff explained that the case was illustrative of the distorting effects of mandatory minimum sentences, given that a co-defendant was given a plea bargain excluding mandatory minimums, and obtained a sentence of 168 months in prison. He observed that the extreme sentencing disparity between the co-defendants was simply a result of one exercising his constitutional right to go to trial –while the other defendant did not. He noted that
[w]hen the letter of the law so far departs from justice as to become the instrument of brutality, common sense should call a halt.
In 2006, Judge Rakoff also took a courageous stance against the disproportional sentencing recommendations that may occasionally arise in a case under the Sentencing Guidelines. In United States v. Adelson, Judge Rakoff imposed a non-guideline sentence of 42 months imprisonment to a defendant convicted of conspiracy, securities fraud, and the three of the false filing counts -although the Government argued that the Sentencing Guidelines, if properly calculated, called for a sentence of life imprisonment.
Judge Rakoff noted that what the case "exposed, more broadly, was the utter travesty of justice that sometimes results from the guidelines' fetish with abstract arithmetic, as well as the harm that guideline calculations can visit on human beings if not cabined by common sense." He concluded that "[t]his is one of those cases in which calculations under the Sentencing Guidelines lead to a result so patently unreasonable as to require the Court to place greater emphasis on other sentencing factors to derive a sentence that comports with federal law."
It is to be hoped that all members of the Bar will rally behind Judge Rakoff to help facilitate reform to correct the injustices caused by the combination of our plea-bargaining process and harsh mandatory minimum sentencing.
A true leader of his time, "Judge Rakoff enjoys well-deserved admiration for fairness, and he has the courage and insight to address important issues of law and the administration of justice, without fear or favor" said Professor Widulski.
Related Readings:
- Daniel Beekman, Judge Jed Rakoff says Plea-Deal Process is Broken, Offers Solution, New York Daily News (May 27, 2014).
- David G. Abrams, SDNY Judge Takes Exception to Stacking of Mandatory Minimums, New York Federal Criminal Practice Blog, (April 16, 2009).
- United States v. Ballard, 599 F.Supp.2d 539 (S.D.N.Y. 2009).
- United States v. Adelson, 441 F.Supp.2d 506 (S.D.N.Y. 2006).


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Keep Smiling Yellow V2
119 kr.
Ikke på lager
Did you smile today? If not, allow us to introduce you to the Keep Smiling Playing Cards.
There are five types of cards in the series, whose theme colors are bright yellow, red, dark blue, pearl gold, or black.
Yellow represents optimism and cheerfulness and is also the color of the most common smiley face.
Red represents passion, energy, with a flame in the eye.
Blue represents a naughty little devil.
Pearly gold represents a cute robot, with a vivid metallic texture.
Black might look bleak, but they remind you to not ever lose hope and love.
- Featuring Fedrigoni Pearlescent series top-grade paper
- Germany Kruz Foil on each tuck case
- The series contains 5 decks with a total of 5 vivid theme colors
- Each model has a personalized smiley expression
- Simple, but fresh design
- The card box is embossed & hot-pressed exquisitely, with perfect details and high quality
- Manufactured by MPC with Linen Air Light M30 card stock. Limited to 2000 decks each color with numbered seal


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Girlfriend's money problems
Dear Dave,I'm fairly responsible with finances, but my girlfriend is in a terrible financial situation with a lot of credit card debt, an expensive car payment, and a big, fancy apartment. Plus, she just quit her job because she didn't like it anymore. Now, she's thinking about filing bankruptcy and thinks us moving in together will help solve her problems. If she can't handle her finances on her own, what's going to happen if we get together? Can you help?Dino
Dear Dino,This is someone to keep dating, not marry right now or move in with, and see if she changes her spending habits. You'd have a very tough life being married to this woman, unless she makes some real attitude adjustments where her money is concerned.
I can't say if she's technically bankrupt, but she definitely needs to move into a cheaper apartment and sell the car for starters. Still, bankruptcy's not going to solve anything if she's got a heart problem. By this, I mean if she buys stuff to try and make her happy and lives beyond her means in the process.
Lots of people have the idea that they are what they drive, or they are where they live. Those are heart problems, and that's the way I was many years ago until I had some sense knocked into me by going broke. Then, I realized I had to stop and make some changes.
This doesn't mean that she isn't worthy of your love or she's a terrible person, but it does mean that the girl has got some growing up to do. Money matters aside, you don't quit your job without a plan unless you're being sexually harassed or abused, or there's some matter of principle at stake. Leaving one job for another is okay. But the idea of deciding you just don't like something, and walking away from it when you've got a bunch of bills, is just plain irresponsible.
She's probably not bankrupt, but there are some definite character issues that need to be addressed. Hopefully, you two can work through this together.—Dave
Dear Dave,My husband likes to borrow money on fix-up projects around the house. He says he knows how to manage money, and will pay the loans back quickly. The other day, he came to me for money to make the payment on the latest loan he took out. Then, he started fussing at me when I didn't have the money to make the payment. It's not the first time this sort of thing has happened. How can I make it stop?Crystal
Dear Crystal,This guy needs a swift kick in his rear end! He says he knows how to manage money, but he doesn't know how to save up to re-wire the garage?
It sounds to me like you've got am overgrown teenager on your hands instead of a husband. It's bad enough that he can't take care of his own responsibilities, but then he turns around and fusses when you won't do it for him. That's ridiculous!
Marriage is all about unity. Once the rings go on those fingers it's a we thing, not a me thing. Husbands and wives should work together to form a game plan that will help them win in life, and that includes finances.
I think you should take the money he's asking for and use it to see a good marriage counselor. There are some real issues here that need attention. You guys need to deal with them, and create a real marriage, before this situation gets any worse!—Dave


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Almost two months after the holiday season, the U.S. Postal Service is scrambling to catch up on millions of pieces of mail that have not yet been delivered — and it could be weeks still before mail delivery is back to normal.
Helen Forester is among those with late-arriving bills.
"I have one that was dated Dec. 24," she said. "But I didn't get it until the first week of January."
Frances Johnson was dealing with a late letter to the IRS.
"My IRS papers that I did file," she said. "They are late."
Laurie Brickner was almost penalized for a late HOA payment to her condo board.
"I sent my HOA fee in, and they never got it," she said.
Brickner works at a bank, where she now get complaints from customers about missing bank mail.
"It turns out a lot of people are not getting the checks they've ordered," she said. "And also, if they open up a new account and want a debit card, there's a delay in getting that."
Why the delays, and what you can do
The U.S. Postal Service said there are two main reasons for all these delays.
One, more people have been shipping a lot more packages during the pandemic. And two, there are staffing issues, with thousands of postal workers out on quarantine on any given day.
In a statement, the USPS said it is "experiencing unprecedented volume increases and limited employee availability due to the impacts of COVID-19."
But a report by NPR called "There's No End in Sight" paints a gloomy picture of the Postal Service. It says recent cuts to the postal budget have been devastating, with mail piling up in some sorting centers.
Recent posts from readers on the John Matarese Money Facebook Page have received almost 500 comments about late mail.
"It took 17 days for my rent check to get to my landlord," one reader said.
"I received an insurance bill the 16th of January and it was due the 13th," another reader said.
Brickner thinks the USPS needs to hire more people, quickly.
"It's an overall problem with the post office, and it needs to be addressed," she said.
While the post office works through the backlog, the best for consumers bet may be switching to paperless billing, so there's no risk of an electric, cable or credit card bill arriving late, resulting in penalties.
Oh, and don't blame the mail carrier; they are working as hard as they can.
As always, don't waste your money.
Don't Waste Your Money" is a registered trademark of Scripps Media, Inc. ("Scripps").
Like" John Matarese Money on Facebook
Follow John on Instagram @johnmataresemoney
Follow John on Twitter (@JohnMatarese)
For more consumer news and money-saving advice, go to www.dontwasteyourmoney.com


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Effective December 29, 2014, dimensional weight will be used to calculate the billable weight of all UPS Ground packages. To accommodate wholesale orders, Water Gear will only be shipping full cases for some items. All orders for these items will be rounded up to the next whole case. PLEASE NOTE: Call if you are ordering a mixture of styles that we can consolidate into full cases.
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Item: #42100


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Igor Fraga Slated to Join the Red Bull Junior Team
On 16 March, the Red Bull Junior Team announced that they would be adding Igor Fraga to their roster. In the 2020 season, Fraga will be under the Red Bull Junior Team Program while participating in the FIA F3 with the Charouz Racing System team.
Fraga is a 21 year old Brazilian race driver, but was initially born and raised in Japan. Not only does that give him a strong connection to Japan, he has also been playing Gran Turismo from a very young age. In 2018 he became the first Nations Cup Champion in the FIA Certified Gran Turismo Championships, and has also shown great strength in real world motorsports. He became the Brazilian F3 Champion in 2017, and Series Champion in the Toyota Racing Series hosted in New Zealand in the beginning of 2020. He is a young up-and-coming driver who is gathering much attention from the world with his strong driving skills.
Operating two teams in the F1 World Championships, Red Bull is known to be very active in the field of global motorsports. And the Red Bull Junior Team that Fraga will be joining is a renowned racing driver development program for those that aim for future careers in F1 racing.


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- 1 1/2 cups whole milk
- 1 cup half-and- half
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 1/2 cup sugar
- An assortment of jams, preserves, or dessert sauces such as:
- Blueberry jam
- Apricot preserves
- Butterscotch ice cream topping
- Hot fudge ice cream topping
- 6 eggs
- Hardware:
- Roasting pan large enough to accommodate 8 custard cups with at least 1-inch to spare around
- 8 custard cups
- Glass or stainless steel bowl with a spout
- Fine mesh strainer
- Small nonreactive saucepan
- A kettle boiling water
- Whisk
- Heat oven to 350 degrees F.
- In the saucepan, combine the milk, half-and-half, vanilla, and sugar. Bring to a bare simmer over medium-low heat.
- Next, place 1 to 2 tablespoons of each topping into each of the custard cups. The topping should come a few millimeters up the side of the custard cup.
- Separate 3 of the eggs using the slotted spoon. Reserve the whites. (Note: Freeze the whites in ice trays. After the whites are frozen, place the frozen cubes into zip-top freezer bags. The frozen whites can be frozen up to a year.)
- Place a mixing bowl on a rubber pad or a wet towel to prevent the bowl from spinning out of control. In a mixing bowl, combine the remaining whole eggs and the yolks. Whip the eggs with a whisk until slightly thickened and lightened in color. While whisking the eggs, drizzle in about a quarter of the hot milk. Now whisk the tempered eggs back into the saucepan with the remaining milk mixture.
- Place a fine mesh strainer over a glass or stainless steel bowl with a spout. Pour the egg mixture through the strainer in order to catch any curdled egg bits or particles that may be in the mixture.
- Place the custard cups into the roasting pan. Evenly distribute the custard into the custard cups, going short on the first pass. Place the pan on the middle rack of the oven and pour boiling water into the pan just under the level of the custard.
- Cook the flans for about 40 minutes, or until they wobble slightly when the pan is wiggled, about 40 minutes. You can also insert a paring knife midway between the edge and the center. If it comes out clean, the flans are done. Using tongs, remove the cups from the pan to a towel-lined sheet pan. Allow the water in the roasting pan to cool before discarding.
- Cool, cover and chill.


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Dokra products are handcrafted by tribal artisans from Odisha and Jharkhand, with materials such as metal sheets and pieces, clay and chaff sourced from their native environment, using simple but ancient skills that have been handed down through several generations. These products are rooted in the Indian heritage and traditions. This beautiful sculpture depicts a lady, elegantly reclined on a cot, engrossed in reading a book. It symbolises the importance given to knowledge and learning in the Indian culture. It is perfect for home decor and gifting.
Height - 5 inch / 12.5cm
Width - 2 inch/ 5cm
Care Instructions
Brass tarnishes with time, giving it a rustic look. However, if you wish to maintain the sheen, clean regularly with a soft, dry cloth. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials.
We are committed to having happy customers and will do our best to make your shopping experience a happy one. Utmost care has been taken to ensure accurate representation of the uploaded products. However, our clients will appreciate the small scope of irregularities in handcrafted products. This is what makes them so special. In the rare case when the product arrives and you may realise it isn't as expected we would be happy to accommodate your request where possible.
To make your shopping experience smooth and convenient we have devised a simple process.
1. All products that are eligible for return should be returned within 7 days from the date of receipt.
2. If the product(s) received are damaged upon delivery or if there is a significant difference in the product(s) ordered from the product(s) delivered please email or WhatsApp us with a picture of the damaged good along with the packaging within 24 hours of delivery.
Not all products are eligible for returns. We are committed towards providing our artisans with fair livelihood opportunities and in maintaining a fair price. As such some of our products are not eligible for exchange and will be deemed as "Final Sale". Please refer to shipping information of the product before check out.
The product(s) returned have been used or altered.
There is any physical damage to the product(s) returned.
Product(s) are returned post our 7 days policy.
Our shipments are carefully inspected before dispatch. However, in case the shipment is damaged on delivery or not what you ordered we will
exchange/replace it with an identical product OR
exchange/replace it for an alternative choice of equal value OR
provide you with a credit note of equal value to be used on the website within 3 months OR
provide you with a full refund To return a product, please raise a return request via email at email@example.com by providing the following details:
Order ID
Details of the issue
Images clearly demonstrating the problem / issue
1. Please note that the decision of our customer care team is final in matters of return and refund.
2. Your return request will undergo a verification process. Once approved, we will initiate exchange of the product(s) of similar value or refund as you desire.
3. Once we confirm your return, you will courier the item back to us. Please ensure that the requisite product is kept in unused condition including invoice and original packaging.
4. Once the item is back in the TAF warehouse, we will immediately initiate exchange/refund of the product.
5. In certain cases where the replacement is directly by the vendor artisan, the timelines for shipping may vary between 7 to 10 days.
If you opt for refund, we will process (cart amount excluding the shipping charges) within 7 days after we receive the product.
1) Your Bank details (please ensure the details provided are accurate).
2) Credit note (We will provide you with a credit note of the refund value including shipping via email. This gift card will be valid for 3 months).
3) UPI (please submit your correct UPI ID / registered mobile number).
We usually deliver the product(s) within 7 to 10 working days within India. In case of bulk order, the timelines for delivery are different. It will depend on variables like availability of stock, etc. In such case we will inform you about the delivery time.


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Common Functions¶
CodeIgniter uses a few functions for its operation that are globally defined, and are available to you at any point. These do not require loading any libraries or helpers.
($version)¶ Parameters: - $version (string) – Version number
Returns: TRUE if the running PHP version is at least the one specified or FALSE if not
Return type: bool
Determines if the PHP version being used is greater than the supplied version number.
if (is_php('5.3')) { $str = quoted_printable_encode($str); }
Returns boolean TRUE if the installed version of PHP is equal to or greater than the supplied version number. Returns FALSE if the installed version of PHP is lower than the supplied version number.
($file)¶ Parameters: - $file (string) – File path
Returns: TRUE if the path is writable, FALSE if not
Return type: bool
returns TRUE on Windows servers when you really can't write to the file as the OS reports to PHP as FALSE only if the read-only attribute is marked.This function determines if a file is actually writable by attempting to write to it first. Generally only recommended on platforms where this information may be unreliable.
if (is_really_writable('file.txt')) { echo "I could write to this if I wanted to"; } else { echo "File is not writable"; }
See also PHP bug #54709 for more info.
($key)¶ Parameters: - $key (string) – Config item key
Returns: Configuration key value or NULL if not found
Return type: mixed
The Config Library is the preferred way of accessing configuration information, however
can be used to retrieve single keys. See Config Library documentation for more information.
($code[, $text = ''])¶ Parameters: - $code (int) – HTTP Response status code
- $text (string) – A custom message to set with the status code
Return type: void
Permits you to manually set a server status header. Example:
set_status_header(401); // Sets the header as: Unauthorized
See here for a full list of headers.
($str[, $url_encoded = TRUE])¶ Parameters: - $str (string) – Input string
- $url_encoded (bool) – Whether to remove URL-encoded characters as well
Returns: Sanitized string
Return type: string
This function prevents inserting NULL characters between ASCII characters, like Java\0script.
remove_invisible_characters('Java\\0script'); // Returns: 'Javascript'
($var)¶ Parameters: - $var (mixed) – Variable to escape (string or array)
Returns: HTML escaped string(s)
Return type: mixed
This function acts as an alias for PHP's native
function, with the advantage of being able to accept an array of strings.It is useful in preventing Cross Site Scripting (XSS).
()¶ Returns: An associative array of file types Return type: array This function returns a reference to the MIMEs array from application/config/mimes.php.
()¶ Returns: TRUE if currently using HTTP-over-SSL, FALSE if not Return type: bool Returns TRUE if a secure (HTTPS) connection is used and FALSE in any other case (including non-HTTP requests).
()¶ Returns: TRUE if currently running under CLI, FALSE otherwise Return type: bool Returns TRUE if the application is run through the command line and FALSE if not.
This function checks both if the
value is 'cli' or if theSTDIN
constant is defined.
($function_name)¶ Parameters: - $function_name (string) – Function name
Returns: TRUE if the function can be used, FALSE if not
Return type: bool
Returns TRUE if a function exists and is usable, FALSE otherwise.
This function runs a
check and if the Suhosin extension <http://www.hardened-php.net/suhosin/> is loaded, checks if it doesn't disable the function being checked.It is useful if you want to check for the availability of functions such as
, which are dangerous and might be disabled on servers with highly restrictive security policies.Note
This function was introduced because Suhosin terminated script execution, but this turned out to be a bug. A fix has been available for some time (version 0.9.34), but is unfortunately not released yet.


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As acrosser Technology announces its participation in Computex Taipei 2014, we will introduce our latest embedded product, which will be shown in live demo: AES-HM76Z1FL. Featuring an Intel® Core™ i series CPU, a fanless thermal design and a super-thin frame, this model is a suitablebusiness solution for various system integrators. Let's take a look at this device: 2 IP cameras and 2 monitor displays are attached to the AES-HM76Z1FL to demonstrate its outstanding performance. They not only highlight AES-HM76Z1FL's applicability for surveillance technology, but also showcase its computing performance for audio entertainment. Acrosser has constructed live demos based on two different scenarios in which AES-HM76Z1FL is used as a business solution.
Scenario 1 takes place in the banking industry. Traditionally, a banking dispute is settled within 3 days. (No less than 72 hours). Therefore, for banking companies, a short file-storage time will not harm their business. However, the recorded file must be in a high-definition format, so that every detail of what occurred at the counter can be clearly seen. At the same time, a bank would also embrace the idea of having a screen displaying its corporate advertisement, not only for promoting its latest house loan plans, but also for garnering more corporate awareness. By assembling AES-HM76Z1FL under this framework, the bank owner can easily achieve his business goal without extra staffing or training.
Scenario 2 takes place in a fast food restaurant that runs 24/7. From breakfast to dinner, different menus and promotional ads are regularly replaced on a daily basis. In addition, the restaurant manager also needs to ensure that the customers are dinning in a safe environment. Through the adoption of AES-HM76Z1FL, the camera can reconstruct any moment in the restaurant, and also provides valuable information on consumer behaviors and preferences. Through thorough analysis of these video data, the manager can even begin to make his own business improvements without needing a consultant.
In conclusion, similar needs can be found in other commercial areas, such as hotel management, home/community security watch, etc. For example, a local governmental office may need a device that can monitor its work place, while also displaying its latest public announcement on population policy. The number of cameras can vary from 2 to 16 based on application. We cordially welcome you to join us for this year's annual ICT trade fair! Visit Acrosser and its live demos of AES-HM76Z1FL at TWTC Nangang Exhibition Hall, booth K0216.


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What is Alternative stock?
This includes excess stock we may have that still offers great quality and design but at a reduced price!
Please view the "Features" to see what compares differently to our usual range. This could include differences such as specs, colour shades, or labels.
Please note: ONLY SAMPLE ORDERS WILL BE ACCEPTED AS RETURNS ON ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS!


text:
Townsquare Media General Contest Rules 02.01.16
The following rules, and specific contest rules, are available Monday through Friday during normal business hours at the WDBQ-AM studios 5490 Saratoga Road in Asbury and at www.wdbqam.com
- Winner must comply with all of the rules of the Contest, including, but not limited to, any restrictions on age and/or residency, and have not committed any fraud or deception in entering the Contest or claiming the Prize.
- The winner must affirm and represent that he/she is not an employee or agent of the Station or any sponsor of the Contest and is not a member of the same household of any such employee or agent.
- In consideration of the receipt of the Prize, the winner agrees to be solely responsible for any and all taxes and/or other fees, including, but not limited to, any federal state or local income taxes, that are or may become payable as a result of participating in the Contest and/or receipt of the Prize.
- The winner agrees to allow the Station and/or its designees the right to use winner's name, likeness, portrait, recorded voice and/or biographical material for an unlimited period of time in order to advertise, promote or publicize the Station and/or the products and services of any of its designees.
- The Station is not the manufacturer or distributor of the Prize. With respect to any claims that the winner may now have, or that he/she may subsequently acquire as a result of the possession and/or use of the Prize, the winner acknowledges and agrees that he/she shall look solely to others in the chain of production and distribution of the Prize to the exclusion of the Station and any sponsors of the Contest.
- The station makes no warranties of any kind with respect to the prize, including, but not limited to, any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Station hereby expressly disclaims any and all such warranties.
- The winner expressly releases the station, and any sponsors of the contest, and their respective officers, directors, agents, parent companies, subsidiaries and employees, from any and all claims, demands and/or causes of action of any nature or kind whatsoever, whether presently known or unknown, foreseen or unforeseen, that he/she may have, or may subsequently acquire, as a result of participating in the contest and/or receipt of the prize.
- No purchase is necessary to participate in or win WDBQ-AM Contests are void where prohibited by law.
- Employees of Townsquare Media, Inc., their affiliates, subsidiaries, advertising and promotion agencies, vendors and their immediate family members and/or those living in the same household of each are not eligible.
- The station is not responsible for telephone system or internet failure, or other inability of entrants to enter due to technical malfunction. This station is not responsible for lost, late or misdirected mail or for printing errors. No mechanically reproduced or completed entries will be accepted.
- Listeners are only eligible to win any given contest every 30 days.
- All federal, state and local taxes apply and are the sole responsibility of the winner.


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So…I ponder weird things in the shower.
Today's thoughts started with the saw I like to use about whether people from Roseville were Rosevillains. (It's actually Rosevillians, with the i and a transposed, but that got me thinking.
Why is what we call people from a place so weird? For example, I'm a Californian. People that live in the biggest city in the metro area are Sacramentans, and over in the Bay Area, we have San Franciscans and Oaklanders and Berkelians/Berkeleyites. (And also whatever people from San Jose call themselves, which I haven't figured out.)
People from New York are New Yorkers, people from LA…well, that's one of the weird ones, as they're Angelenos. Philadelphians and Washingtonians. Bostonians and Torontonians. Ohioans and Michiganders. (I think the later's right…)
Expand out a bit more, and it gets really weird if you think about Europe. Europeans, yes, but you have French and Germans and English and Spaniards, Dutch and Danes and Norse and Swedes and Finns and Poles and Greeks. But you also have Italians and Russians and Hungarians and Romanians.
And Asia. Chinese and Japanese and Vietnamese, but also Indians and Laotians and Indonesians and Cambodians. Afghans and Filipinos, Mongolians and Koreans. Then you have Pakistanis and Iraqis and Israelis, but also Syrians and Lebanese and Egyptians, Kurds and Turks and Turkmen.
Even out a bit farther — Earthlings and Martians. Although I admit, I'm fond of Terran as an alternative to Earthlings.
I think we can work out a few rules from this.
Places that end in -ia, like California and Colombia and Russia get an n shoved on the end, thus Californians and Colombians and Russians.
Places that end in -o tend to end -an, and sometimes, but not always get the o chopped off. Sacramento and San Francisco are Sacramentans and San Franciscans, but Idaho and Ohio are Idahoans and Ohioans.
-ing will sometimes get -er tacked on the end. Same with k.
Places ending with the letter n often, but not always, have an -ian tacked on. (Berlin/Berliner is a notable exception, as is Japan/Japanese.)
And some places are just irregular. I'm looking at you, Europe.
Yeah. All this from a stupid thought in the shower.
What do they call people from where you're from?
(Sign from this wonderful article celebrating Boring, Oregon's sister city matchup with Dull, Scotland.)


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Asbarez Newspaper began publication in August 1908 in Fresno as a weekly. After several successful decades the offices and publishing headquarters moved to Los Angeles in the early 1970's.
Asbarez is the official publication of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Western United States Central Committee, and mainly serves the more than 500,000-strong Armenian-American community in the Western US. It is a bilingual daily newspaper, which is published five times a week from 16 to 28 pages Tuesday through Friday and 40 to 48 pages on Saturday.
When Asbarez published its first issue, it did so with a commitment to become a trusted source in providing important news and information to the community, a commitment it has maintained and reaffirmed throughout the years.
The Armenian-American community was still in its infancy when the first ever issue of Asbarez rolled off the presses. In 1908, the eyes of the community were on the fragile condition of the homeland. Today, almost a century later, with the ever-changing developments in the independent Republic of Armenia, the more mature and sophisticated community still looks to the homeland. Throughout the years, Asbarez has covered the tragedy of the Armenian Genocide, the triumph of the first Independent Republic, the growing pains of a community, the catastrophic earthquake, the fall of the Soviet Union, the Nagorno-Karabakh liberation struggle, which gave way to the independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and the ever-changing reality of the people of Javakhk in southern Georgia. For almost a century, Asbarez, not only has been providing news and information, but mobilizing communities to work with the ANCA and counter Turkish denial of the Armenian Genocide. It has been shaping opinions and is the arena many turn to for commentary, criticism and thought.
On May 1, 1970 when Asbarez began publishing its English section. Today, that section, which became a daily publication in January 1993, is the voice of the community and a source of information within the halls of Congress, in libraries around the country and newsrooms of major media outlets.
In keeping with changing times, Asbarez brought its tradition of accurate reporting and coverage of Armenian issues to the web by going online in 1994 and launching its web component in 1997. Over the years, asbarez.com has become one of the more widely visited Armenian websites.
With its broadcast partner Horizon Television and its vast network of media outlets throughout the world, Asbarez is the first with information and the most trusted source for news about the evolving Armenian realities. Welcome to asbarez.com.


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A Day at the Brain Spa
Coming soon to a mall near you
At a Dana Foundation conference on neuroethics last week at the Library of Congress, University of Pennsylvania neurologist Anjan Chatterjee declared that we are already well advanced in the enhancement era of neuropharmacology.
As evidence, Chatterjee offered a scenario in which a high level executive who works 80 to 100 hours a week comes to clinical neurologist for help. His wife has just divorced him because he was never home, and he's feeling down, which is affecting his work. The executive asks for something to brighten his mood so he can function effectively at work once again. The neurologist prescribes one of the anti-depressant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors like Prozac or Paxil. A few weeks later, his colleagues find him more pleasant and cooperative than he's ever been and he soon gets another promotion.
Meanwhile, the executive's daughter, stressed out by the divorce, is suffering from anxiety and her grades are falling. Here the obliging neurologist can offer Adderal to help her control her social anxiety and get her back on track. The executive's son seems to be handling the divorce all right and has thrown himself into high school sports. He is a talented middle distance runner who can compete at the county level, but isn't quite good enough to compete at the state level. However, the executive's physician can offer his son Viagra, which not only corrects erectile dysfunction (presumably not a problem in an adolescent male) but also is known to boost the lungs' capacity to absorb oxygen, which might augment his running performance just enough for him to get a college athletic scholarship.
In Chatterjee's scenario, the executive's new position has involved him with negotiating a contract with a company in Saudi Arabia. A lot of his competitors are vying for the contract, so the executive figures that if he knew some Arabic it might improve his chances of making the deal. Wondering if there is some way to enhance his ability to learn Arabic, he turns again to his neurologist for help. The neurologist knows that recent research shows that downing 10 milligrams of dextra-amphetamine half an hour before his Arabic lessons will improve his attention and retention. Fueled by dextra-amphetamine, the executive learns a good bit of polite Arabic.
Six weeks later, the executive flies off to Saudi Arabia. He wants to arrive fresh and alert, so the neurologist has prescribed Ambien for him to take on the flight over so he can get some sleep. When the executive arrives in Riyadh, he swallows modafinil to keep himself awake and alert without jitteriness through the grueling negotiations. In the end, the Saudis, flattered by his efforts to speak Arabic, award him the contract. He goes home in triumph.
When he finished outlining his scenario, Chatterjee asked, "Is this a kind of dystopia or not?" Whether or not this is a dystopia, Chatterjee's point is that we already live on the threshold of a world in which widely available pharmaceuticals can and do enhance human performance. "This is coming regardless of your view of whether or not this is a good world, a bad world or somewhere in between," he declared.
Chatterjee described two other cases in which drugs are already known to enhance the capacities of human beings to perform critical functions. Beta-blockers which are generally prescribed for heart disease also still the normal tremor of our limbs and hands. In fact concert musicians and golfers already often use beta-blockers for this purpose. All things being equal, which would you prefer—a neurosurgeon with normal tremor or one whose hands are made steadier with beta-blockers? Researchers have also found that pilots taking cholinesterase inhibitors perform better on complex maneuvers. Again which airline would you rather fly—one whose pilots rely on their native abilities or one whose pilots' abilities to cope with emergencies are enhanced with cholinesterase inhibitors?
Nevertheless, some people do object to using enhancement drugs. For instance, opponents often argue that they pose a kind of tragedy of the commons in which people who would otherwise not take enhancement drugs will feel forced to do so just to keep up with their competitors. But those kinds of pressures have always existed. Today, people get graduate degrees, buy new computers, and so forth to keep up. It's hard to see how using safe drugs to enhance performance is much different. I suspect that pharmacological enhancement will be more popular than, say, graduate school, since most of what will be involved is taking a pill with one's morning coffee. However, even in the era of pharmacologic enhancement, there will be some people—even as there are today—who choose to drop out of what they regard as the rat race and live less competitively and ambitiously.
Chatterjee cited an interesting poll in which people were asked whether they would give a safe drug to a child that would enhance his or her ability to learn to play the piano if they had the opportunity. Half of the respondents said absolutely not. They regarded learning the piano through persistent practice as character building and using pills as a cheat. However, the other half had no problem at all with giving kids a piano pill. What sets the stage for social and political conflict over enhancement technologies is that people on both sides in the poll were completely convinced that their view would be shared by everybody.
Chatterjee ended by joking that if his next NIH grant got turned down, he might "stop what I'm doing and open up a brain spa." Whether or not he decides to hang out a shingle, he predicted, "There will be a brain spa opening close to you in the near future."


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According to Mendiburu (2009), 3-15% of the people can't view a stereoscopic 3D image or movie, mostly due to poor binocular vision.
Imagine one of those is in the movie theater, trying to watch a 3D movie. How would this movie appear to this person?
Mendiburu (2009) 3D Movie making: stereoscopic digital cinema from script to screen, Oxford, England: Focal Press) (Free PDF)


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My research focuses on the way in which literature, criticism, and other cultural activities are caught up within epistemic and political struggles. I am interested in understanding, in particular, how the nineteenth-century novel in England and France mutates in response to changes in what counts as knowledge (the emergence of physiology, statistics, economics, biology, linguistics, Darwinism); how cultural criticism carves out a niche for itself within the field of disciplines; and how fiction and criticism function as instruments of power. These concerns are reflected in my first book, Vital Signs, an analysis of the ways in which the realist imagination was shaped by the diagnostic techniques and professional tactics borrowed from clinical medicine. Since completing that relatively tightly focused project, I have broadened my scope to include a larger set of research questions about the utilities of culture. What is the history of efforts to mobilize culture for various ends? How has the "public good" aspect of the arts, humanities, and heritage been conceived? If the cultural field can be understood as an economy, a market, or an ecological system, what norms govern its functioning, and what norms ought to do so? What good (or harm) does culture do? How has this impact been measured? How does the state regulate, exploit, promote, protect, or manage the arts and humanities? How can we best understand the role played by intellectuals of various sorts in relationship to the state and public interests? These questions led me to co-found the Cultural Policy Center, which brings together faculty whose research—whether in economics, law, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, political science, public policy, history, art history, or cultural studies—touches on or could help inform policies (regarding copyright regimes, government funding, censorship, heritage preservation, etc.) affecting the arts and humanities.
As Faculty Director of the Center, I organized several major conferences, on topics ranging from the promise and perils of videogames to the preservationist controversies over the World Trade Center site and Soldier Field. From one of these conferences, on the battle that erupted over the Brooklyn Museum's "Sensation" exhibition, I edited a collection of essays for a volume entitled Unsettling "Sensation." My own cultural policy research has followed two parallel tracks. One line of research is aimed at developing a theoretically-informed way of identifying and analyzing the empirical effects of cultural "scenes" in American cities; a side project has focused on new ways of measuring the quality and vitality of live music scenes (Chicago Music City). The other line of research concerns a very different phenomenon: the looting of antiquities. I have published two books (one as editor) dealing with the looting of Iraq's national museum and archaeological sites, and am working now on a book about the more general problem of how best to bring the black market in antiquities under control.
A part of my teaching in recent years has been devoted to courses with a policy angle: I have taught an introduction to cultural policy studies, a course on culture in the marketplace, and, most recently, a course on the politics of taste. I continue, however, to teach courses on nineteenth-century European fiction.
Select Publications
- The Rape of Mesopotamia: Behind the Looting of the Iraq Museum(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
- Chicago Music City. The report is available on the Cultural Policy Center's Web site.
- Antiquities Under Siege: Cultural Heritage Protection after the Iraq War, ed. Lawrence Rothfield (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008).
- "The Interests in 'Sensation.'" Introduction to Unsettling "Sensation": Arts Policy Lessons from the Brooklyn Museum of Art Controversy, Rutgers Series on The Public Life of the Arts (Rutgers University Press, 2001).
- "Cultural Policy Studies?! Cultural Policy Studies?! Cultural Policy Studies?! A Guide for Perplexed Humanists." This essay is available on the Cultural Policy Center's Web site.
- "Being There with Elaine Scarry," review of On Beauty and Being Just. In Minnesota Review, nos. 52-54 (Fall 2001): 309-14.
- "Victorian Medicine." In Blackwell Companion to Victorian Literature and Culture, ed. Herbert F. Tucker (Boston: Blackwell, 1999).
- Vital Signs: Medical Realism in Nineteenth-Century Fiction. In the "Literature in History" series edited by David Bromwich, Lionel Gossman, and James Chandler (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992).


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No World Champion has enchanted the chess world as much as Mihail Tal did. His reign as World Champion was short but in his time Tal's star burned with unknown intensity. With his combinations and his intuitive sacrifices the young Tal ran over his opponents, and thrilled the chess world with his risky uncompromising attacking play, which inspired many players to emulate him. In 1960 he beat the reigning World Champion Botvinnik but one year later he lost the title of World Champion again in a return match of doubtful competitive value. But even though Tal was no longer World Champion, he still remained one of the best players in the world. At eight chess Olympiads he won gold with the Soviet team. Six times he became USSR-Champion. In 1973/74 he managed to remain unbeaten in 93 consecutive games, a still unmatched record. In 1988 he won the Blitz World Championship. Despite his frail health Tal enjoyed life to the fullest and was a funny and brilliant man, who loved nothing more than chess. Through the games of Mihail Tal this DVD provides a unique access to the realm of chess tactics. Tal's colleagues dubbed their tactical guru "Magician", because in his games seemingly incomprehensible moves in the end blended into a successful whole, as if by magic. But Tal was also a master of strategy and endgame play. On this DVD Dorian Rogozenco, Mihail Marin, Oliver Reeh and Karsten Müller present the 8. World Chess Champion in video lessons: his openings, his understanding of chess strategy, his artful endgame play, and finally his immortal combinations. In an interactive test they invite you to try to find combinations like Tal did. The DVD also contains all games by Tal, many of them annotated, plus comments and tournament tables.
System requirements: Minimum: Pentium III 1 GHz, 1 GB RAM, Windows Vista, XP (Service Pack 3), DirectX9 graphic card with 256 MB RAM, DVD-ROM drive, Windows Media Player 9 and internet connection for program activation. Recommended: PC Intel Core i7, 2.8 GHz, 4 GB RAM, Windows 7 or Windows 8, DirectX10 graphic card (or compatible) with 512 MB RAM or better, 100% DirectX10 compatible sound card, Windows Media Player 11, DVD-ROM drive and Internet connection for program activation.


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Publius Huldah
July 3, 2012
Our federal Constitution is one of enumerated powers only. This means that WE THE PEOPLE, who ordained and established the Constitution, listed therein every power We delegated to the federal government. If We didn't list a power, the federal government doesn't have it.[1]
Furthermore, we delegated only a very few powers to the federal government.
Accordingly, Congress has strictly limited legislative powers over the Country at large. These powers are listed primarily at Art. I, §8, clauses 3-16, and are restricted to war, international commerce & relations; and domestically, the creation of an uniform commercial system: weights & measures, patents & copyrights, a monetary system based on gold & silver, bankruptcy laws, mail delivery & roads. Several Amendments delegate to Congress some power over civil rights.
These enumerated powers are the only areas where the federal government has lawful authority over The States and The People in The States. In all other matters [except those listed at Art. I, §10] the States and The People retain supremacy, independence, and sovereignty. Go here for a complete list of all of Congress' Enumerated Powers.
Obamacare is altogether unconstitutional because it is outside the scope of the legislative powers We granted to Congress. Nothing in Our Constitution authorizes the federal government to control our medical care (or to exercise the other powers in the Act).
I challenge those five (5) lawless judges on the supreme Court [Roberts, Kagan, Sotomayor, Ginsberg, & Breyer], all other totalitarians, mushy liberals, gullible fools, and parasitic humans who support obamacare, to point to that clause of The Constitution where We delegated to the federal government power to control our medical care.
Article I, §8, clauses 1-16: What it Really Means.
Those five (5) lawless judges on the supreme Court looked at Art. I, §8, cl.1, and found power in Congress and the Executive Branch to take over our medical care – even to decide whether we will receive medical treatment or be denied medical treatment.[2]
And how did The Lawless Five do this? I'll show you. But first, let's see what the Constitution really says. Article I, §8, clauses 1 & 2 read:
Clause 1: "The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common defense and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;" [boldface added]
Clause 2: "To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;"
Immediately after Clauses 1 & 2 follows the list of enumerated powers WE delegated to Congress:
Clause 3: To regulate "commerce" [For
the Truth about the "commerce clause", go here];
• Clause 4: To establish uniform laws on Naturalization
and on Bankruptcies;
• Clause 5: To coin money & regulate its value,
and fix the standard of weights & measures;
• Clause 6: To punish counterfeiting;
• Clause 7: To establish Post Offices and post
• Clause 8: To issue Patents and Copyrights;
• Clause 9: To set up federal courts "inferior"
to the supreme Court [one may well ask how any court can be "inferior"
to the supreme Court];
• Clause 10: To punish Piracies & Felonies
on the high seas and offenses against the Law of Nations;
• Clause 11: To declare War, grant Letters of Marque
& Reprisal, and make rules for Captures;
• Clause 12: To raise and support Armies;
• Clause 13: To provide and maintain a Navy;
• Clause 14: To make Rules for the land and naval
• Clause 15: To call forth the Militia; and
• Clause 16: To provide for organizing, arming,
disciplining the Militia.
Add to this short list of enumerated powers; the "housekeeping powers" itemized in the paper linked here; the salaries authorized by Art. I, §6, cl. 1; Art. II, §1, next to last clause; Art. III, §1, cl. 1, and others on the civil list; together with the Amendments addressing civil rights; and you have the sole purposes for which Congress is authorized to levy and collect taxes, borrow money, and spend money for the Country at Large.
And this is precisely what James Madison, Father of Our Constitution, says in Federalist Paper No. 41 (last 4 paras). Madison addresses the objection that:
"…the power 'to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States,' amounts to an unlimited commission to exercise every power which may be alleged to be necessary for the common defense or general welfare. (4th para from end).
Madison says one would be grasping at straws to stoop to such a silly "misconstruction":
"Had no other enumeration or definition of the powers of the Congress been found in the Constitution, than the general expressions just cited, the authors of the objection might have had some color for it; though it would have been difficult to find a reason for so awkward a form of describing an authority to legislate in all possible cases. A power to destroy the freedom of the press, the trial by jury, or even to regulate the course of descents, or the forms of conveyances, must be very singularly expressed by the terms "to raise money for the general welfare." (3rd para from end)
"But what color can the objection have, when a specification of the objects alluded to by these general terms immediately follows, and is not even separated by a longer pause than a semicolon? If the different parts of the same instrument ought to be so expounded, as to give meaning to every part which will bear it, shall one part of the same sentence be excluded altogether from a share in the meaning; and shall the more doubtful and indefinite terms be retained in their full extent, and the clear and precise expressions be denied any signification whatsoever? … Nothing is more natural nor common than first to use a general phrase, and then to explain and qualify it by a recital of particulars. But the idea of an enumeration of particulars which neither explain nor qualify the general meaning … is an absurdity…" (2nd para from end)
In the final paragraph, Madison says Art. I, §1, cl. 1 does not vest in Congress a power to legislate in all cases whatsoever: Clause 1 is merely a "general expression", the meaning of which is ascertained and limited by the clauses which immediately follow it.
To put Madison in modern English: Clauses 1 & 2 grant to Congress the power to raise money; clauses 3-16 enumerate the objects on which Congress may appropriate the money so raised, thus limiting clauses 1 & 2.
THAT is the Constitution We ratified.
What the Lawless Five Assert it Means:
See where it says in Clause 1, "To lay and collect Taxes"? The Lawless Five assert that this phrase authorizes Congress to lay & collect taxes for any purposes whatsoever.
They IGNORED the "specification of the objects [Clauses 3-16] alluded to by these general terms" [Clauses 1 & 2] - the "enumeration of particulars" which "explain and qualify" "the general phrase."
In effect, they repealed Clauses 3-16. In a nutshell, the Lawless Five asserted that Congress and the President may do whatever they want to us. Just call it a "tax."
What can WE Do?
First, we must disabuse ourselves of the monstrous lie that the federal government created by the Constitution is the exclusive and final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to it; and that the opinion of five judges, not the Constitution, is the sole measure of its powers.[3] This is an evil ideology antithetical to our Founding Documents and Principles. Once you understand that, our remedies are readily apparent:
1. Impeach Federal Judges who violate their Oaths of Office. The supreme Court is merely a creature of the Constitution and is completely subject to its terms; and when judges on that and lower federal courts – who serve during "good Behaviour" only (Art. III, §1, cl. 1) – usurp power, they must be removed from office. Alexander Hamilton writes in Federalist No. 81 (8th para) of:
"… the important constitutional check which the power of instituting impeachments in … [the House] … and of determining … them in the … [Senate] … give[s] to … [Congress] … upon the members of the judicial department. This is alone a complete security. There never can be danger that the judges, by a series of deliberate usurpations on the authority of the legislature, would hazard the united resentment of the body intrusted with it, while this body was possessed of the means of punishing their presumption, by degrading them from their stations…"[4]
We must elect Representatives and Senators who will support our Constitution by impeaching & removing usurping federal judges. We must elect people who will rid of us The Lawless Five.
2. Elect Representatives and Senators who will also repeal obamacare and dismantle everything which has been implemented so far.
3. Elect Romney. He has promised he will "repeal" obamacare. His Oath of Office – which is "to preserve, protect and defend the Constitution" - requires him to refuse to implement obamacare. By Executive Order, he must refuse to implement it, he must reverse all implementation in effect when he takes office, and he must rescind the unconstitutional rules [see, e.g., Art. I, §1] made by the baby-killing totalitarians who presently infect the Department of Health & Human Services.
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4. States must nullify obamacare. Here are model Nullification Resolutions for State Legislatures. These can be easily amended to specifically address obamacare and the HHS rules. State officials, legislators, and judges all take The Oath to support the federal Constitution (Art. VI, cl. 3); and that Oath requires them to nullify obamacare.
5. We the People must stop deceiving ourselves about the motives of people such as obama and the Lawless Five. They are not 'basically decent people who just have different opinions". They are Dolores Umbridges who are determined to reduce us to abject slavery. PH.
1. Contrary to the misconstructions long and unlawfully applied by the federal government, the federal Constitution is one of enumerated powers only. E.g.:
"The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite. The former will be exercised principally on external objects, as war, peace, negotiation, and foreign commerce; with which last the power of taxation will, for the most part, be connected. The powers reserved to the several States will extend to all the objects which, in the ordinary course of affairs, concern the lives, liberties, and properties of the people." (Federalist No. 45 , 9th para)
"…the proposed government cannot be deemed a national one; since its jurisdiction extends to certain enumerated objects only, and leaves to the several States a residuary and inviolable sovereignity over all other objects…." (Federalist No. 39, 3rd para from end)
"…the general [federal] government is not to be charged with the whole power of making and administering laws. Its jurisdiction is limited to certain enumerated objects..." (Federalist No. 14, 8th para)
2. There is much more in obamacare than transferring to the Executive Branch power to decide whether we will receive or be denied medical care. It is a parade of horribles worthy of Stalin, Hitler, and Anita Dunn's hero, Mao. It transfers total control of our lives to the Executive Branch.
3. Our beloved Thomas Jefferson writes in para 1 of the Kentucky Resolutions of 1798:
1. Resolved, That the several States composing the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their General Government; but that, by a compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States, and of amendments thereto, they constituted a General Government for special purposes,--delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving, each State to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government; and that whensoever the General Government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force: that to this compact each State acceded as a State, and is an integral party, its co-States forming, as to itself, the other party: that the government created by this compact was not made the exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself; since that would have made its discretion, and not the Constitution, the measure of its powers; but that, as in all other cases of compact among powers having no common judge, each party has an equal right to judge for itself, as well of infractions as of the mode and measure of redress. [boldface mine]
4. With obamacare, the Lawless Five colluded with Congress & the Executive Branch to subvert Our Constitution. Our Framers warned us of such connivances between the branches of the federal government:
Alexander Hamilton tells us that Congress can't successfully usurp powers unless The People go along with it! In Federalist No.16 (next to last para), he points out that because judges may be "embarked in a conspiracy with the legislature", the People, who are "the natural guardians of the Constitution", must be "enlightened enough to distinguish between a legal exercise and an illegal usurpation of authority." - James Madison says in Federalist No. 44 (last para before 2.):
…the success of the usurpation [by Congress] will depend on the executive and judiciary departments, which are to expound and give effect to the legislative acts; … [boldface added]
Hamilton and Madison are telling that We don't have to go along with obamacare just because Five totalitarians on the supreme Court want the Executive Branch to have total control over our lives. This is where we draw the line. We must Resist this tyranny. PH
� 2012 Publius Huldah - All Rights Reserved
Publius Huldah is a retired attorney who now lives in Tennessee. Before getting a law degree, she got a degree in philosophy where she specialized in political philosophy and epistemology (theories of knowledge). She now writes extensively on the U.S. Constitution, using the Federalist Papers to prove its original meaning and intent. She also shows how federal judges and politicians have ignored Our Constitution and replaced it with their personal opinions and beliefs.h
E-Mail: email@example.com