text:
A superior public university with personality to spare.
Located in the heart of historic Charleston, South Carolina, the College of Charleston is a nationally recognized public liberal arts and sciences university. Founded in 1770, the College is among the nation's top universities for quality education, student life and affordability. Its beautiful and historic campus, combined with contemporary facilities, cutting-edge programs and accessible faculty attracts students from across the U.S. and around the world.
Over 10,000 undergraduates and approximately 1,000 graduate students at the College enjoy a small-college feel blended with the advantages and diversity of a mid-sized, urban university. They work with exceptional professors who love to teach, who are focused on student growth and who help them succeed. And the city of Charleston – world-renowned for its history, architecture, culture and coastal environment – serves as a living and learning laboratory for experiences in business, science, technology, teaching, the humanities, languages and the arts.
From the School
Contact & Visit
Campus Visits Contact
Director for Admissions, Vis. Serv.
66 George Street
Charleston, SC 29424
Experience College Life
TD Arena
Liberty Fresh Food Company and City Bistro
Addlestone Library / Starbucks / Rivers Green
Harbor Walk
The College's Halsey Institute of Art, Natural History Museum, and Emmett Robinson and Sottile Theaters are popular venues for events that serve both the campus and local communities.
SC Aquarium
James Island County Park
Patriot Point Sports Complex/Yorktown
King Street Shopping District
Near this urban campus, there are three beaches (each 25 minutes away) and 62 city parks, music, historic and art venues within a few blocks of the campus, and some of the best restaurants in the country - all serving a population of 664,607.
Campus Tours
9 am - 4 pm
Dates: Year-round
Times: 9:30, 11:30 & 1:30 on most weekedays; 10:30 on select Sat.
Average Length: 2 hours
On Campus Interview
Faculty and Coach Visits
Class Visits
Overnight Dorm Stays
From The School
The middle 50 percent of freshmen accepted:
- scored between 1100 and 1250 (in-state), and 1120 and 1280 (out-of-state) on the SAT.
- scored between 21 and 27 (in-state), and 24 and 29 (out-of-state) on the ACT.
- had consistent academic achievement in the A/B range.
- overall academic preparedness,
- talents and leadership qualifications, and
- extra-curricular activities and other achievements.
You can apply on our website or through the Common App.
Know that we'll consider many elements of your application file during our holistic review in addition to GPA and SAT/ACT scores including your:
SAT & ACT Test Scores
Testing Policies
Early Decision — November 1
Early Action — December 1
Regular — February 15
Other Admission Factors
Rigor of Secondary School Record
Academic GPA
Standardized Test Scores
Selectivity Rating
Get a personalized plan for a competitive application from an admissions expert.
Learn MoreAcademics
From The School
Academic Programs
A College of Charleston education is consistently excellent and constantly evolving. We're proud to offer nearly 140 majors and minors, which empower our talented students to explore every inch of the expanding intellectual universe.
The strength of a College of Charleston education is in its deeply rooted liberal arts and sciences tradition. Our goal is to prepare our students to be ethical, open-minded leaders and multidisciplinary problem solvers.
The College of Charleston is a mid-sized university organized around seven schools:
- School of the Arts
- School of Business
- School of Education, Health, and Human Performance
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences
- School of Languages, Cultures, and World Affairs
- School of Professional Studies
- School of Sciences and Mathematics
We also invite you to learn more about our distinctive Honors College, which expands on partnerships between faculty and student by creating a vibrant and diverse living-learning community.
Majors and Degrees Offered
A College of Charleston education is a personalized education. We offer 60+ majors and nearly 80 minors. You'll have the freedom to mix and match your academic interests to create a unique, intellectually stimulating course of study.
We've given you a head start with our 25 interdisciplinary minors such as Environmental and Sustainability Studies and Crime, Law and Society. These programs draw resources from several different schools and departments. We also offer innovative degree programs like data science, the first undergraduate degree program of its kind in the nation.
No matter which major or minor you choose, you'll be taught by exceptional professors whose top priority is your success.
Faculty and Class Information
Graduation Rates
African-American/Black Studies.
Latin American and Caribbean Studies.
Women's Studies.
Biology/Biological Sciences, General.
Exercise Physiology.
Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography.
Business Administration and Management, General.
Finance, General.
Hospitality Administration/Management, General.
International Business/Trade/Commerce.
Logistics, Materials, and Supply Chain Management.
Marketing/Marketing Management, General.
Project Management.
Real Estate.
Communication, General.
Computer and Information Sciences, Other.
Computer and Information Sciences, General.
Computer Software and Media Applications, Other.
Information Science/Studies.
Early Childhood Education and Teaching.
Elementary Education and Teaching.
Foreign Language Teacher Education.
Junior High/Intermediate/Middle School Education and Teaching.
Physical Education Teaching and Coaching.
Secondary Education and Teaching.
Special Education and Teaching, General.
Teacher Education, Multiple Levels.
Creative Writing.
English Language and Literature, General.
Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General.
Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other.
Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics.
French Language and Literature.
German Language and Literature.
Spanish Language and Literature.
Athletic Training/Trainer.
Public Health Education and Promotion.
History, General.
Mathematics, General.
Historic Preservation and Conservation.
International/Global Studies.
Multi-/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other.
Jewish/Judaic Studies.
Religion/Religious Studies.
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other.
Chemistry, General.
Chemistry, Other.
Geology/Earth Science, General.
Physics, General.
Psychology, General.
Economics, General.
Political Science and Government, General.
Urban Studies/Affairs.
Art History, Criticism and Conservation.
Arts Management.
Dance, General.
Drama and Dramatics/Theatre Arts, General.
Fine and Studio Arts Management.
Fine/Studio Arts, General.
Music, General.
Visual and Performing Arts, General.
Students Say
Professors "care how well their students perform and help them find opportunities through networking and general encouragement." The ideal size of the school creates "a great student to professor ratio." Faculty are "engaged, knowledgeable, and passionate about the subject matter they teach," and they are "eager to engage with students that are excited to study and learn." The location and the school's reputation make for tons of internship and professional opportunities, and everything the school has to offer is available to all. If you need anything from academic advising to counseling or career planning, there are people here "with the passion and resources to help."
Post-Bachelor's certificate
Post-Master's certificate
Career Services
Alumni Network
Alumni Services
Interest Inventory
Regional Alumni
Notable Faculty
Prominent Alumni
Academic Rating
Graduation Rates
Career Services
Alumni Network
Alumni Services
Interest Inventory
Regional Alumni
ROI & Outcomes
Excerpt from Colleges That Create Futures
Tuition & Aid
Tuition & Aid
From The School
Tuition, Room, Board and Fees
Undergraduate tuition* is $12,518 (resident) and $32,848 (non-resident). Tuition includes the fall and spring semesters. Average tech and library fees are $425.
Room and board costs include expenses for housing and food. For on-campus and off-campus students the weighted average room and board cost is $11,815, which includes $8,200 for room (housing) and $3,615 for board (food). For students that indicated on the FAFSA living with parents, there is no room allowance, just the surveyed average off-campus board amount of $2,853.
*Tuition includes the fall and spring semesters and are estimated based on the student taking at least 12 hours per semester. All figures are subject to change without notice. Please see the Treasurer's office website for a complete list of charges.
Financial Aid
The College of Charleston recognizes that a college education is a major expense in most family budgets. It is important to know that there are many federal, state, local and institutional sources available to help students meet those expenses. The Office of Financial Assistance and Veterans Affairs administers scholarships, grants, loans, work study and Veterans benefits. Please explore our website for information about those programs.
Required Forms
Financial Aid Statistics
Expenses per Academic Year
Available Aid
Need-Based College/University Scholarship or Grant Aid from Institutional Funds
Need-Based Federal Pell
Need-Based Private Scholarships
Need-Based SEOG
Need-Based State Scholarships
Direct Subsidized Stafford Loans
Direct Unsubsidized Stafford Loans
Financial Aid Rating
Student Body
Student Body
From The School
Based upon Fall 2017 enrollment:
- Undergraduate students: 9,895
- Graduate students: 968
- Total: 10,863
- Minority students: 19.8%
- Students living on campus: 31%
- Percentage of in-state students: 69.9*
- Percentage of out-of-state students: 30.1%*
- U.S. states and territories represented: 51
- Foreign countries represented: 61
*Based on tuition residency
College of Charleston students are film buffs, black belts, environmentalists, deejays and volunteers. We've formed more than 200 student clubs and organizations where you can make new friends, learn from others, serve the community, share your talents, and best of all try something totally new.
Our sport clubs are the perfect place to release your inner athlete or a great excuse to hang out at the beach. Or, you can experience hands-on media training with Cistern Yard Media, an organization that controls our campus television studio, radio station, the newsroom and our award-winning literary magazine, Miscellany.
Our students are also dedicated to service. Sign up for Habitat for Humanity, Alternative Spring Break or the always-rockin', never-stoppin' Dance Marathon. Members of the 25 national fraternities and sororities on campus spend serious time volunteering with community groups when they're not planning for Greek Week.
College is a great place to meet people with similar backgrounds or hang out with a whole new crowd. Whatever your preference, we have dozens of religious, international and multicultural organizations to serve our diverse student body.
Student Body Profile
Students Say
Campus Life
Campus Life
From The School
Trying to describe why Charleston's vibe resonates is like trying to explain why your favorite song rocks. It just does. Downtown Charleston is 20 minutes from some of the best beaches in the Southeast and our year-round temperate weather makes the Charleston area ideal for surfing, kayaking, climbing, hiking and camping.
It seems like there's always something going on in Charleston. The annual Spoleto Festival USA is the premier arts festival in the country. The Cooper River Bridge Run has been called the best 10-K race in the world. And every March, top chefs and fashion designers flock to the Lowcountry for the Charleston Wine + Food Festival and Charleston Fashion Week.
The College of Charleston campus is smack dab in the middle of one of the most lovingly preserved historic districts in America (look both ways for horse-drawn carriages). It's like going to school in a postcard. The College of Charleston was chosen as America's Most Beautiful College Campus by Travel + Leisure Magazine.
The College of Charleston is inseparable from the city of Charleston, and you'll feel like a local no matter where you're from. Charleston is the perfect sized city for the perfect sized college. It's big enough to support a vibrant cultural life – huge concerts and small clubs, dance troupes and opera, historic sites and professional sports – and small enough for students to feel right at home from their very first day
Campus Facilities & Equipment
The Marlene and Nathan Addlestone Library is the region's top research library. This modern facility has a holding capacity of one million volumes, seats 1,400 people and has 300+ computers.
The library is also the prime study spot on campus. A huge draw is Rivers Green, a large, inviting lawn and patio area behind the library that's equipped with tables, chairs and high-speed WiFi. Another "perk" is Starbucks, Addlestone's tasty refueling station for marathon study sessions.
TD Arena, a 5,000-seat, state-of-the-art athletic facility that serves as home to the Cougars men's and women's basketball and women's volleyball teams.
Patriots Point, a 35-acre athletic complex, home to the Cougar soccer, softball and baseball programs.
Avery Research Center for African American History and Culture, Part museum, part research facility, the center plays a central role in Charleston's black community through research opportunities and outreach programs.
The Center for Entrepreneurship directs its resources and energies to providing experiential activities that assist students in developing an entrepreneurial mindset. It helps connect students to the wider entrepreneurial ecosystem encapsulating guest speakers, mentors, judges, etc. This focus ties directly into the College's strategic plan to provide enhanced "opportunities for experiential learning" and "contribute to the well-being of the region."
Environmental Campus on the Stono River is a majestic 881-acre property along the Stono River and the Intercoastal Waterway. The myriad ecosystems include long-leaf pine forests, wetlands, savannahs, tidal marshes, as well as brackish, saltwater and fresh-water ponds. College of Charleston students and faculty of multiple disciplines – from marine biology to forest management and historic preservation - utilize this vibrant living laboratory. This property enables the College of Charleston to educate its students in an unparalleled natural setting; inspire collaboration across campus, industry and governmental agencies; and prepare students and faculty to be leaders in today's environmentally volatile, global society.
Established in 1955, Grice Marine Laboratory is a core facility in support of the undergraduate and the graduate degree programs in marine and environmental sciences at the College of Charleston. The lab supports research in marine sciences conducted by faculty members and students.
Part of the School of the Arts at the College of Charleston, the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art is the public face of artistic life at the College. In addition to exhibiting some of the finest contemporary art in the Southeast, HICA sponsors lectures, film series and publications, and serves as an inspiring living laboratory for undergraduate art students.
Harbor Walk, this 45,000-square-foot contemporary complex consists of classrooms, faculty offices and laboratories. Home to the Department of Computer Science and the Computer Science Student Innovation Center, this facility is immediately adjacent to Charleston Harbor.
The Sustainability Literacy Institute (SLI) is the physical, pedagogical, virtual and institutional hub for sustainability literacy efforts at the College. The purpose of SLI is to foster positive social, economic and environmental change by way of a sustainably literate campus community.
Off-Campus Opportunities
Business is booming in Charleston with an explosion of technology startups, a multi-billion-dollar tourism industry and a thriving biomedical community.
The Port of Charleston is a vibrant economic engine, offering a gateway to more than 150 countries and countless internship opportunities.
The city is a true living/learning laboratory for College of Charleston students:
- Hospitality and tourism majors are right in the middle of the number one travel destination in the U.S. (according to Travel + Leisure).
- Marine biology majors study at the Ft. Johnson Marine Science Center, a world-class research facility surrounded by a variety of marine ecosystems on nearby James Island.
- Arts management majors are immersed in a vibrant arts community.
- Computer Science majors work alongside technology business leaders at our Harbor Walk facility
Seventy-four percent of incoming students choose the College of Charleston because of the rich diversity and depth of its study abroad programs. With over 85 study abroad programs to choose from, we encourage students to get out and explore the world. We offer programs led by our own faculty to a broad swath of places. You could study global environmental changes in Panama, volcanos and glaciers in Iceland or culture and art in Costa Rica. Whether for a summer, a semester or a full year, there are so many opportunities to see and explore, and gain a global perspective.
Campus Life
Housing Options
Disabled Student
Dorms Coed
Dorms Female
Frat Sorority
Theme Housing
Students Say
Whether it means having the chance to work near campus or being close enough to walk to class every day, "the location is a perfect fit" for just about every student (particularly the many who surf). "Just going on a walk around town and seeing all of the beautiful houses and their history is extremely entertaining." The college "really does have a beautiful campus and we take pride in keeping it up," and students can just as easily live on-campus as rent nearby.
Special Needs Admissions
Documentation Required for LD
A current psychoeducational evaluation administered by an appropriately credentialed professional.Documentation Required for ADHD
The student must submit a report that meets the following guidelines: 1.Completed within the last three years 2.Administered by one of the following: Licensed psychologist or neuropsychologist Licensed school psychologist Psychiatrist M.D. specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficits Please Note: Evaluations administered by a relative are not accepted. 3.Includes: A diagnosis of ADHD based on the DSM criteria (code required) Comprehensive educational, developmental, and medical history relevant to the disability Results/copies of a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) or a set of norm-referenced behavior ratings from the student, and preferably a parent, spouse, teacher, or significant other Assessment ruling out or addressing potentially confounding conditions (e.g., anxiety, depression, hyperthyroidism, substance abuse) Results/copies of behavior ratings or CPT An explanation of the current functional impact of the disability The evaluator's signature, credentials, and licensing numberSpecial Need Services Offered
Student Activities
Cross Country
Cross Country
Equestrian Sports
Sand Volleyball
Track Field Indoor
Track Field Outdoor
Student Services
Army ROTC Offered at cooperating institutions: The Citadel
Air Force ROTC Offered at cooperating institutions: Charleston Southern University
Campus Security Report
The Jeanne Clery Act requires colleges and universities to disclose their security policies, keep a public crime log, publish an annual crime report and provide timely warnings to students and campus employees about a crime posing an immediate or ongoing threat to students and campus employees.
Please visit The Princeton Review's page on campus safety for additional resources: http://www.princetonreview.com/safety
The Princeton Review publishes links directly to each school's Campus Security Reports where available. Applicants can also access all school-specific campus safety information using the Campus Safety and Security Data Analysis Cutting Tool provided by the Office of Postsecondary Education of the U.S. Department of Education: https://ope.ed.gov/campussafety/#/


text:
Dermatology is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the skin, hair, and nails. Doctors of dermatology (dermatologists) specialize in treating conditions that affect these parts of the body, including skin diseases and some cosmetic conditions.
Conditions that dermatologists treat include:
- Acne
- Melanoma (skin cancer)
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Dermatitis
- Hair disease/ hair loss
- Rosacea
- Moles
- Canker sores
- Vitiligo

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Russia is one of the largest countries in the world and its climate ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast.
One of the most common myths about Russia, that winter is so cold there, is partly true. Winters can be very cold in Siberia and in the southern European Russia. But the north and northeastern Black Sea usually has mild winters. In the northern and central European Russia, where Saint-Petersburg and Moscow are situated, it's not very cold, though sometimes it might be quite freezing. Generally, the lowest temperature is 5-14 �F in the winter, though it might sometimes (rarely) go as low as minus -13 �F.
Regardless of the fact that it's said the best time to visit Russia is from May till September, the outstanding beauty of Russia and, especially, Russia's two most fascinating cities - Moscow and Saint-Petersburg can and should be enjoyed year round. The winter trip offers you the chance to see the Winter Palace in winter, the setting to the Cold War in the cold, and the great Red Square turned white!
During the winter it's also easier to get tickets to see the Bolshoi and Kirov (Mariinsky) ballets and operas, and there are no crowds at other tourist attractions. And Russian winter is really very beautiful, it's worth seeing it!
Those visiting in winter will want to take along their warmest clothes, boots and hats.
But if you prefer traveling during summer you can be really surprised because summer in Russia can be quite hot, especially in the Southern European Russia.
If you visit St. Petersburg from May to July you can enjoy St. Petersburg's seasonal phenomenon the so-called "White Nights". Every year there are times during this period when the city centre is full of people of all ages throughout the night, enjoying social gatherings in the abundant of outside bars, watching street entertainers or simply strolling along the various canal and river embankments.


text:
It's Sukkot, which means building the ancient Hebrew version of the double wide trailer, probably going to the emergency room when you whack your hand with a hammer, and of course, eating!
Here at PunkTorah, we have all your Sukkot needs taken care of with our Succos Showdown!
Here's a retro-video of me and Michael building a wood sukkah.
Of course, you are going to need food. Sukkot recipes abound in our food blog, NewKosher. Try the Pumpkin Au Gratin Soup…it's delicious.
Of course, we'd love to see YOUR sukkah and Sukkot recipes, so email us your stuff and we'll post it!


text:
Need to locate something in Canada? Want to purchase something used? Post it here.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


text:
Attaching the free end of the ZILLON lanyard: danger
- Carefully read the Instructions for Use used in this technical advice before consulting the advice itself. You must have already read and understood the information in the Instructions for Use to be able to understand this supplementary information.
- Mastering these techniques requires specific training. Work with a professional to confirm your ability to perform these techniques safely and independently before attempting them unsupervised.
- We provide examples of techniques related to your activity. There may be others that we do not describe here.
Warning: the ZILLON's lanyard adjuster locks in only one direction.
The reserve rope cannot be used to attach to an anchor, as the device would not lock in this case.
If a temporary attachment is necessary, the reserve rope can be used by segmenting it from the primary lanyard with a friction hitch.
Warning: the sewn end of the reserve rope has a plug. To use it as a temporary lanyard, make a knot that holds the connector tightly.


text:
One of the World's Largest Telecommunications Providers Will Deploy VMware Network Virtualization as Foundation for New Enterprise Cloud Service
TOKYO and PALO ALTO, CA--(Marketwired - Jun 10, 2013) - VMware, Inc. (NYSE: VMW), the global leader in virtualization and cloud infrastructure, today announced NTT Communications (NTT Com), the cloud service provider of one of the world's largest telecommunications companies NTT Group, will deploy VMware network virtualization as a core technology for its new cloud service, Enterprise Cloud (EC). VMware will exhibit its network virtualization platform and user examples, including NTT Com, at Interop Tokyo, June 12-14.
"To deliver on NTT Com's global cloud vision announced in 2011, NTT Com offers a new business cloud service that will utilize network virtualization technology in its production environment across 11 data centers in nine countries," said Motoo Tanaka, senior vice president of cloud services at NTT Com. "With advanced network virtualization technology from VMware, NTT Com will provide customers seamless connectivity between cloud infrastructures, and will support customers' cloud migration by connecting with a customer's on-premise data center. We continue to fully support customers using the cloud by offering services that deliver the latest technologies."
While today's enterprises see the value in moving workloads to the cloud, applications still require access to resources such as CRM/SRM systems, which must remain within the enterprise data center. Connecting cloud-based applications to the necessary resources in the enterprise data center previously required a costly and time-consuming deployment of specialized hardware in a customer's data center.
By incorporating VMware network virtualization into its EC service, NTT Com will provide seamless and flexible connectivity between customer data centers and the NTT Com cloud without changing the IP addresses of a customer's existing, on-premise environment. This virtualized network helps customers to easily migrate into the cloud, and also seamlessly and unobtrusively connects resources on the cloud and in the enterprise data center. NTT Com will use VMware network virtualization as a network overlay built from software. Network virtualization eliminates the need for complicated manual provisioning of the network, thus vastly simplifying the customer onboarding process for NTT Com, while lowering both operational and capital expenses.
"We have been working closely with VMware on network virtualization, a core technology for cloud services," said Toshiaki Fujita, vice president and general manager of NTT Software Innovation Center (SIC). "As a result of our successful collaboration, NTT Com will now offer the world's first cloud service that incorporates VMware's network virtualization technology to seamlessly connect customers' on-premise networks with NTT Com's own data center network. Going forward, the NTT group looks forward to offering advanced cloud services in collaboration with VMware."
"NTT Com understands the value of decoupling the network from the underlying physical infrastructure, and is embracing network virtualization to deliver new cloud services," said Stephen Mullaney, senior vice president and general manager, Networking and Security Business Unit, VMware. "We've been working with NTT SIC since 2010, and have gained great insight into the stringent product quality standards of customers in Japan. Having met these standards, our network virtualization platform is more than capable of meeting the requirements of customers worldwide. VMware is the only company shipping a network virtualization platform that advances the capabilities of networking into the 21stcentury through the very same software-driven abstractions that enabled virtualized computing. We are transforming the operations of networking, and enabling customers such as NTT Com to create new cloud connectivity models for customers, while helping lower operational and capital expenses."
Additional Resources
- Read this blog post to learn about VMware NSX network virtualization
- Watch this video to learn more about the Software-Defined Data Center
- Subscribe to VMware's Company Blog
- Follow @vmwarenews to stay up to date with VMware news
About VMware
VMware is the leader in virtualization and cloud infrastructure solutions that enable businesses to thrive in the Cloud Era. Customers rely on VMware to help them transform the way they build, deliver and consume Information Technology resources in a manner that is evolutionary and based on their specific needs. With 2012 revenues of $4.61 billion, VMware has more than 500,000 customers and 55,000 partners. The company is headquartered in Silicon Valley with offices throughout the world and can be found online at www.vmware.com.
VMware is registered trademark of VMware, Inc. in the United States and other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective organizations. The use of the word "partner" or "partnership" does not imply a legal partnership relationship between VMware and any other company.
Contact Information:
Roger T. Fortier
VMware Global Communications
Patrick Mahoney
The OutCast Agency for VMware


text:
From address and envelope printers, to sealers, inserters, dryers and more, we have the mailroom equipment you need, no matter what your application – all backed by superior customer support and service. Have a look at our types of mailing equipment using the links below.
Do you need an address printer, labeler, tabber, or stamp applier but don't want to break the bank? You have come to the right place! We have a large selection of used, rebuilt, and refurbished mailroom equipment to meet your direct mail advertising needs. Backed with a warranty as long or longer than the original factory warranty of 30 days.


text:
Metadata language
Magdeburg Weichbild in MS AJG II-3 in the Archives of the Pauline Monastery in Częstochowa Art. 77 cz. IV [Gn. 77]
Ius municipale Maideburgense
Magdeburg Weichbild in Poland
Mikuła, Maciej (1983-)
Kingdom of Poland
open access
edition: CC BY-NC-ND
Jagiellonian University (edition)
This publication is unavailable to your account. If you have more privileged account please try to use it or contact with the institution connected to this digital library.
Citation style: Chicago ISO690


text:
Please visit our DataSketches website for more information.
If you are interested in making contributions to this site please see our Community page for how to contact us.
There are two different ways to obtain this extension.
From the command line at the PGXN installed root or the root of the C++ PostgreSQL Adaptor run:
NOTE: On MacOSX Mojave, if you see a warning similar to this:
clang: warning: no such sysroot directory: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk' [-Wmissing-sysroot]`
and the compilation fails because of not being able to find system include files, this is a known OSX problem. There are known solutions on the Internet.
The select statement above should produce something similar to the following:
cpc_sketch_to_string ----------------------------------- ### CPC sketch summary: + lg_k : 11 + seed hash : 93cc + C : 1 + flavor : 1 + merged : false + HIP estimate : 1 + kxp : 2047.5 + interesting col: 0 + table entries : 1 + window : not allocated+ ### End sketch summary + (1 row)
In the same console that you started the database and ran the test
To quit the test:
To stop the database server:
Build Docker image:
$ docker build . -t datasketch-postgres:latest
Build Docker image with specific version
$ docker build --pull --build-arg BASE_IMAGE_VERSION=10 -t datasketch-postgres:10 .
Run container:
$ docker run --name some-postgres -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=mysecretpassword -d datasketch-postgres:latest
Test DataSketches in PostgreSQL:
$ docker exec -it some-postgres psql -U postgres postgres=# SELECT cpc_sketch_get_estimate(cpc_sketch_union(respondents_sketch)) AS num_respondents, flavor FROM ( SELECT cpc_sketch_build(respondent) AS respondents_sketch, flavor, country FROM ( SELECT * FROM ( VALUES (1, 'Vanilla', 'CH'), (1, 'Chocolate', 'CH'), (2, 'Chocolate', 'US'), (2, 'Strawberry', 'US')) AS t(respondent, flavor, country)) as foo GROUP BY flavor, country) as bar GROUP BY flavor;
Suppose 100 million random integer values uniformly distributed in the range from 1 to 100M have been generated and inserted into a table
Exact count distinct:
$ time psql test -c "select count(distinct id) from random_ints_100m" count ---------- 63208457 (1 row) real 1m59.060s
Approximate count distinct:
$ time psql test -c "select cpc_sketch_distinct(id) from random_ints_100m" cpc_sketch_distinct --------------------- 63423695.9451363 (1 row) real 0m20.680s
Note that the above one-off distinct count is just to show the basic usage. Most importantly, the sketch can be used as an "additive" distinct count metric in a data cube.
Aggregate union:
create table cpc_sketch_test(sketch cpc_sketch); insert into cpc_sketch_test select cpc_sketch_build(1); insert into cpc_sketch_test select cpc_sketch_build(2); insert into cpc_sketch_test select cpc_sketch_build(3); select cpc_sketch_get_estimate(cpc_sketch_union(sketch)) from cpc_sketch_test; cpc_sketch_get_estimate ------------------------- 3.00024414612919
Non-aggregate union:
select cpc_sketch_get_estimate(cpc_sketch_union(cpc_sketch_build(1), cpc_sketch_build(2))); cpc_sketch_get_estimate ------------------------- 2.00016277723359
See above for the exact distinct count of 100 million random integers
Approximate distinct count:
$ time psql test -c "select theta_sketch_distinct(id) from random_ints_100m" theta_sketch_distinct ----------------------- 64593262.4373193 (1 row) real 0m19.701s
Note that the above one-off distinct count is just to show the basic usage. Most importantly, the sketch can be used as an "additive" distinct count metric in a data cube.
Aggregate union:
create table theta_sketch_test(sketch theta_sketch); insert into theta_sketch_test select theta_sketch_build(1); insert into theta_sketch_test select theta_sketch_build(2); insert into theta_sketch_test select theta_sketch_build(3); select theta_sketch_get_estimate(theta_sketch_union(sketch)) from theta_sketch_test; theta_sketch_get_estimate --------------------------- 3
Non-aggregate set operations:
create table theta_set_op_test(sketch1 theta_sketch, sketch2 theta_sketch); insert into theta_set_op_test select theta_sketch_build(1), theta_sketch_build(1); insert into theta_set_op_test select theta_sketch_build(1), theta_sketch_build(2); select theta_sketch_get_estimate(theta_sketch_union(sketch1, sketch2)) from theta_set_op_test; theta_sketch_get_estimate --------------------------- 1 2 (2 rows) select theta_sketch_get_estimate(theta_sketch_intersection(sketch1, sketch2)) from theta_set_op_test; theta_sketch_get_estimate --------------------------- 1 0 (2 rows) select theta_sketch_get_estimate(theta_sketch_a_not_b(sketch1, sketch2)) from theta_set_op_test; theta_sketch_get_estimate --------------------------- 0 1 (2 rows)
See above for the exact distinct count of 100 million random integers
Approximate distinct count:
$ time psql test -c "select hll_sketch_distinct(id) from random_ints_100m" hll_sketch_distinct --------------------- 63826337.5738399 (1 row) real 0m19.075s
Note that the above one-off distinct count is just to show the basic usage. Most importantly, the sketch can be used as an "additive" distinct count metric in a data cube.
Aggregate union:
create table hll_sketch_test(sketch hll_sketch); insert into hll_sketch_test select hll_sketch_build(1); insert into hll_sketch_test select hll_sketch_build(2); insert into hll_sketch_test select hll_sketch_build(3); select hll_sketch_get_estimate(hll_sketch_union(sketch)) from hll_sketch_test; hll_sketch_get_estimate ------------------------- 3.00000001490116
Non-aggregate union:
select hll_sketch_get_estimate(hll_sketch_union(hll_sketch_build(1), hll_sketch_build(2))); hll_sketch_get_estimate ------------------------- 2.00000000496705
Table "normal" has 1 million values from the normal (Gaussian) distribution with mean=0 and stddev=1. We can build a sketch, which represents the distribution:
create table kll_float_sketch_test(sketch kll_float_sketch); $ psql test -c "insert into kll_float_sketch_test select kll_float_sketch_build(value) from normal" INSERT 0 1
We expect the value with rank 0.5 (median) to be approximately 0:
$ psql test -c "select kll_float_sketch_get_quantile(sketch, 0.5) from kll_float_sketch_test" kll_float_sketch_get_quantile ------------------------------- 0.00648344
In reverse: we expect the rank of value 0 (true median) to be approximately 0.5:
$ psql test -c "select kll_float_sketch_get_rank(sketch, 0) from kll_float_sketch_test" kll_float_sketch_get_rank --------------------------- 0.496289
Getting several quantiles at once:
$ psql test -c "select kll_float_sketch_get_quantiles(sketch, ARRAY[0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1]) from kll_float_sketch_test" kll_float_sketch_get_quantiles -------------------------------------------------- {-4.72317,-0.658811,0.00648344,0.690616,4.91773}
Getting the probability mass function (PMF):
$ psql test -c "select kll_float_sketch_get_pmf(sketch, ARRAY[-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]) from kll_float_sketch_test" kll_float_sketch_get_pmf ------------------------------------------------------ {0.022966,0.135023,0.3383,0.343186,0.13466,0.025865}
The ARRAY[-2, -1, 0, 1, 2] of 5 split points defines 6 intervals (bins): (-inf,-2), [-2,-1), [-1,0), [0,1), [1,2), [2,inf). The result is 6 estimates of probability mass in these bins (fractions of input values that fall into the bins). These fractions can be transformed to counts (histogram) by scaling them by the factor of N (the total number of input values), which can be obtained from the sketch:
$ psql test -c "select kll_float_sketch_get_n(sketch) from kll_float_sketch_test" kll_float_sketch_get_n ------------------------ 1000000
In this simple example we know the value of N since we constructed this sketch, but in a general case sketches are merged across dimensions of data hypercube, so the value of N is not known in advance.
Note that the normal distribution was used just to show the basic usage. The sketch does not make any assumptions about the distribution.
Let's create two more sketches to show merging kll_float_sketch:
insert into kll_float_sketch_test select kll_float_sketch_build(value) from normal; insert into kll_float_sketch_test select kll_float_sketch_build(value) from normal; select kll_float_sketch_get_quantile(kll_float_sketch_merge(sketch), 0.5) from kll_float_sketch_test; kll_float_sketch_get_quantile ------------------------------- 0.00332207
Consider a numeric Zipfian distribution with parameter alpha=1.1 (high skew) and range of 213, so that the number 1 has the highest frequency, the number 2 appears substantially less frequently and so on. Suppose zipf_1p1_8k_100m table has 100 million random values drawn from such a distribution, and the values are converted to strings.
Suppose the goal is to get the most frequent strings from this table. In terms of the frequent items sketch, we have to choose a threshold. Let's try to capture values that repeat more than 1 million times, or more than 1% of the 100 million entries in the table. According to the error table, frequent items sketch of size 29 must capture all values more frequent then about 0.7% of the input.
The following query is to build a sketch with lg_k=9 and get results with estimated weight above 1 million using "no false negatives" policy. The output format is: value, estimate, lower bound, upper bound.
$ time psql test -c "select frequent_strings_sketch_result_no_false_negatives(frequent_strings_sketch_build(9, value), 1000000) from zipf_1p1_8k_100m" frequent_strings_sketch_result_no_false_negatives --------------------------------------------------- (1,15328953,15209002,15328953) (2,7156065,7036114,7156065) (3,4578361,4458410,4578361) (4,3334808,3214857,3334808) (5,2608563,2488612,2608563) (6,2135715,2015764,2135715) (7,1801961,1682010,1801961) (8,1557433,1437482,1557433) (9,1368446,1248495,1368446) (10,1216532,1096581,1216532) (11,1098304,978353,1098304) (11 rows) real 0m38.178s
Here is an equivalent exact computation:
$ time psql test -c "select value, weight from (select value, count(*) as weight from zipf_1p1_8k_100m group by value) t where weight > 1000000 order by weight desc" value | weight -------+---------- 1 | 15328953 2 | 7156065 3 | 4578361 4 | 3334808 5 | 2608563 6 | 2135715 7 | 1801961 8 | 1557433 9 | 1368446 10 | 1216532 11 | 1098304 (11 rows) real 0m18.362s
In this particular case the exact computation happens to be faster. This is just to show the basic usage. Most importantly, the sketch can be used as an "additive" metric in a data cube, and can be easily merged across dimensions.
Merging frequent_strings_sketch:
create table frequent_strings_sketch_test(sketch frequent_strings_sketch); insert into frequent_strings_sketch_test select frequent_strings_sketch_build(9, value) from zipf_1p1_8k_100m; insert into frequent_strings_sketch_test select frequent_strings_sketch_build(9, value) from zipf_1p1_8k_100m; insert into frequent_strings_sketch_test select frequent_strings_sketch_build(9, value) from zipf_1p1_8k_100m; select frequent_strings_sketch_result_no_false_negatives(frequent_strings_sketch_merge(9, sketch), 3000000) from frequent_strings_sketch_test; frequent_strings_sketch_result_no_false_negatives --------------------------------------------------- (1,45986859,45627006,45986859) (2,21468195,21108342,21468195) (3,13735083,13375230,13735083) (4,10004424,9644571,10004424) (5,7825689,7465836,7825689) (6,6407145,6047292,6407145) (7,5405883,5046030,5405883) (8,4672299,4312446,4672299) (9,4105338,3745485,4105338) (10,3649596,3289743,3649596) (11,3294912,2935059,3294912) (11 rows)


text:
Enjoying MG
The `voice' of the MG Owners' Club
Past winner of `Best Club Magazine of the Year', this full colour monthly magazine is packed full of matters MG. Informative articles ranging from technical features, tips, advice, new product information to articles on particular models and sporting coverage can be found amongst its pages. An extensive Mart section brings you literally hundreds of MGs for sale as well as members and Trade advertisements selling spares and secondhand parts. The Club's nationwide busy social scene is found amongst Regional Roundup, detailing all the monthly happenings and events in which everyone can participate.
Members have access to articles back to 1996


text:
10 Sentences You Don't Want to Hear at Your Wedding
Wedding season is just around the corner and someone you know is probably gearing up for the biggest day of his or her life.
Of course, no day can go as perfect as you pictured it in your head. These are the statements that can bring your special day to a grinding halt.
1. "Yeah, I've got a reason why he and she should not be joined in holy matrimony…or should I say he AND HE?"
2. "The SWAT team's negotiator hasn't been able to reach an agreement with the bridesmaids who both went for the bouquet."
3. "The only songs the organist knows how to play are 'In-a-Gadda-Da-Vida' and 'Baby Elephant Walk.'"
4. "You may now kiss the bride. Oh come on, you can do better than that. Put some tongue into it."
5. "The cake with the stripper in it was supposed to go to the bachelor party, not the reception."
7. "Your father and I thought we'd save ourselves a little money, so we just hired one photographer to shoot photos of the wedding, the reception and the wedding night."
8. "I now pronounce you man and wife. Please pull up to the next window to receive your marriage license and complementary $40 in casino chips."
9. "I hope your daughter will have a long and happy marriage, Kris Jenner."
10. "Do I take this man to be my lawfully wedded husband? I'd like my attorney to answer that question."


text:
I've written about Augmented Reality extensively in the past, but since the days of immersing myself in the purely theoretical potential for the medium, a few key players have rooted themselves in a very commercial reality that is now powering the fledgling industry.
And while B2B-focused vendors such as ViewAR remain behind the scenes, the likes of Aurasma and Blippar have soared in notoriety thanks to some quite excellent packaging and an impressive sales proposition. They are the standard bearers, at least in the eyes of the public.
I like Aurasma. But I also like Blippar. So which is better? Well, let's find out… Here are some provocations I've been toying around with. See if it helps you decide, and let me know which side you fall on in the comments.
[twocol_one][dropcap]A[/dropcap]urasma has more technological power behind it. They have (supposedly) incorporated academic research into their proprietary tech and have a heritage in pattern recognition systems – remember their core business though: integrating with business critical processes and then slowly ramping up prices. They do this across all other Autonomy products! Also consider they are an HP property, whose business is hardware, not software. I believe Aurasma are only using this period of their lifespan to learn what does and doesn't work, get better at it, gain status, equip users to enjoy AR, and then develop a mobile chipset (literally, hardware optimised for AR) that can be embedded in mobile devices, making HP buckets of royalties. They are chasing install base, but not because they want advertising bucks: they want to whitelabel their tech (i.e. Tesco, Heat & GQ) and then disappear into the background.[/twocol_one]
[twocol_one_last][dropcap]B[/dropcap]lippar have a proprietary AR engine, but are listed as using Qualcomm's Vuforia engine – which is free to use. They seem focused on innovations in the augmented layer. Reading their interviews, they speak of AR not as a tech, platform or medium, but as a kind of magic campaign juice: stuff that reveals they are extremely focused on delivering a good consumer experience paid for by advertisers, with them as connective tissue. To this end, they too are chasing install base, but ultimately they have a different goal in mind. Being Qualcomm-backed, their future is in flexing their creative muscles and helping make AR a mass market medium through normalising behaviour. Big rivals: Aurasma in the short term, but I imagine that one day, Aurasma will revert back to being a tech platform, and companies like Blippar will provide the surface experience: where good content, not tech, will be what sells.[/twocol_one_last]
So what do you reckon – A or B?


text:
Mrmmbs Vision is not just a Mobile application development company or website development Company. We have always made efforts towards becoming much more than that as we have seen business houses being almost robbed and slaughtered for their I.T. requirements and keeping the same in mind we set our standards unbeatable so that when a client opts for our services they could feel the difference and experience the excellence. We offer the best Android & IOS mobile applications, custom made websites over latest technology to ensure smooth running of our client's online presentation.
Hiring a dedicated developer always help you in getting the job done on efficiently. Get your custom Web and App project developed with the help of Best Developers at Mrmmbs Vision.
When Mobile Application Development Companies started, everybody thought they would simply be a form of utility or entertainment for the average Joe. Yet, it might not have escaped you that the applications of today are shaping up the world. Often, they are the reason behind you getting the work done on time. And quite frankly, it is frightening to visualize a world without mobile applications.
Applications have become a significant part of all businesses. This, in turn, has left a wide gap in our industry. And this exactly what we at Mrmmbs Vision are trying to close. Let us show how our Android Application Development Services can help your company to meet your goals. We assure that your project is in the hands of the Best Mobile Apps Designing and Development Company in Clevedon.
Digital marketing can help you to ease your marketing efforts. However, a business mobile application in Clevedon can take you even further. Apps are connected to social media. Therefore, when a particular customer uses your app, you can send updates about it to their social. This, in turn, attracts potential customers who check these posts and become attracted to your business.
Your Mobile Application Development in Clevedon facilitates direct communication with your customer. With in-app purchases, ads, promotions and such, you can keep them updated about the ongoing and upcoming events within your business. As a result, customers further engage with your application, thereby providing your business with increased customer loyalty.
Your customers further increase their engagement with your application when they love your application. When this happens, the usually refer to your applications, be it through word-of-mouth or via social media. This enables your business to receive the desired brand recognition. Get in touch with Leading Mobile Application Development Company in Clevedon
If your business is small and it still has a dedicated application, then it is sure for your business to have a competitive edge over other businesses. Owing to your forward-thinking approach, customers will use your applications helping you to stand out from the competition. Get you app developed by the Best Mobile Application Development Company in Clevedon
or mail us on firstname.lastname@example.com
If you have multiple projects or one large on-going project you are planning to launch or want to have a design makeover, then opting for our Web Design Company can save you time and overhead costs.
Company Name
Just Go Pin
Scanner - All PDF Converter, Reader, Viewer
Craftsman Style
GrupoJK Bazaar
Rubber Products Ltd
Dr. Elsa- New Concept Clinic
Trend Setters Unisex Salon
The Work Chat
BS Packer & Movers
Pro activec
Eurostar Movers
Prime Store
Allegro middle east
Openbean Inc
muzhub match
Shri Shuddhi deaddiction centre
Students Point IAS
My Crowd
Quality Guranteed
Proficient Designer
Assured Replacement
Frequent Update
Great Support
You now know how our Mobile Application Development Company helps your business. Let us show you the pathways through which we achieve this.
Mrmmbs Vision provided us with the quality solution to build our website for Indian market and promoted it well to help us generate business for our Furniture website. Apart from that, team also helped us to establish our export business in Europe and USA. The efforts of team were well organised and directed towards the end goal.
We had tried number of companies for digital marketing of our brand but none could generate sales. And we were not in mood to spend more over this. But team of Mrmmbs Vision took the project with Guarantee and their approach with Shopping ads brought us results. Now, we are getting regular sales on our site.
Craftsman Style Ltd
Team is always dedicated to deliver the best of the project. They always go out of the box with their marketing and development plan. They provided me strategies as per my business and helped me build trust with Indian Companies
Omar Ali Alteazi
Just Go Anywhere
Giving Project to Mrmmbs Vision means you can expect quality as well as creativity from the team. They gave me design which I could approve in one go and than after the Beta version provided by them was well tested. They helped me uploading the content over the website and continues their support even after the project completion.
Open Bean Inc
They proved their worth by taking actively our project of Digital marketing. The gave results in their promised timeline. They keep doing R&D around your business to get you results. Definitely their approach is different then others. In their terms, its all about what is trending when it comes to digital promotion.
Rajan Tiwari
Shri Shuddhi Deaddiction Center
It was a big project and it was very difficult for us to decide about the right company to give this project. The companies having years of experience were not able to justify it with their expertise. With Mrmmbs Vision, we had different level of comfort, they improved our concept by their innovative ideas. Dont know how, but it look like they know everything.
HDC Digital
"Mrmmbs Vision helped design an incredible website! His team can solve any problem quickly and develop some cool, interactive features and gets tasks done very quickly."
I really like this company, he was always responsible for what I wanted in my website and app. They did professional work. I recommend him for any project you wish to take him. Super professional. Thanks!"
( Director )
Logistic website
The web and mobile apps were successfully delivered, but the collaboration remains ongoing as they make the necessary improvements to the product. Mrmmbs Vision is highly receptive to feedback, and the internal stakeholders are particularly impressed with their proactive approach to the project.
Abdullah Hizam
Metal Recycling
ASP .Net
Artificial Intelligence
Block Chain
Web Content Writing
Proof Reading and Editing
Amazon Web Services
Alibaba Cloud Platform
Delhi Office : Building No.24, Second Floor, MBR Enclave, Opp. Rama Krishna Apartment, Sector-23, Dwarka, New Delhi, Delhi 110077
UK Office : Mrmmbs Vision-150 Red Lion Road, Surbiton, Surrey, KT6 7QX London, United Kingdom
Copyright © 2024 Mrmmbs Vision. ALL Rights Reserved. Top Rated Web Design & Development Company