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Tuesday, December 22, 2009
What Constitutes Contradiction?
The context was one that all of us ex-fundamentalists will be familiar with: how to handle Biblical contradictions. This particular Rabbit Hole is one of those rides where I just have to come right out and declare, "If you haven't experienced it—you just can't know what you're missing."
The Problem
The Bible tells a story in one place. Then in another place, it retells or references the same story. This story might appear in more than two locations, but the idea is that unbelievers will claim the story contradicts from one telling to the next. As faithful fundamentalists, however, we weren't allowed to believe the Bible contradicts, so we had to offer an explanation for these events.
The Solution
The explanation offered is the one you see above. In fact, when I was in church, it was explained thus: "Suppose you were on a street corner, and you observed an accident. Well, when the police take your statement, it will be very different than the statement of, say, one of the drivers involved in the accident." So, I might say "the red car ran the light and hit the white car," but the driver of the white car will say, "the red car came straight at me," and so it goes. It's the same story—but the different vantage points mean we get varying descriptions of it. You might also be familiar with the analogy of the five blind men and the elephant—all describing different parts of the same animal—while none of them sound like they're talking about the same thing at all.
It is a reasonable explanation for why two stories may sound different, when, in fact, they're the same. I would expect vantage point to play a role in relating almost any event. But it is also reasonable to recognize that at a certain point, a difference in the story can present an irreconcilable contradiction. So, if a red van and a white truck collide, and I describe a black convertible and a white van colliding, something is amiss, and "vantage point" can't really fix this level of contradiction.
Surely if such contradictions did exist—errors so blaringly obvious nobody could miss them—Christians would be aware. Fundamentalists memorize Bible passages for fun, for goodness' sake. Unless it were some really minor issue tucked away in some remote corner of some irrelevant passage—they'd have discovered it by now, surely?
I can see how a person not raised as a fundamentalist might think this would have to be the case. But let me share a secret: Fundamentalists, for the most part, don't ever do side-by-side readings of their texts. When they read about Jesus' birth or resurrection, they read from one story at a time. They don't take Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and read them in a parallel fashion. But let me tell you, the first time I did this, my fundy head blew clean off. It didn't blow so much as a result of finding a contradiction, as it did the reality that I was thoroughly familiar with these verses, but I had never noticed any discrepancies in them at all. It had never occurred to me to even try to read the stories side-by-side to see if they aligned. And it wasn't that I didn't perceive these passages as contradictory once I read them—it was that I didn't ever notice these discrepancies were even in there—after years of Bible reading and Bible studies.
It was epiphanies like this that really drove me the hardest during my years of deconversion. It was the many times I recognized I'd been trained not to think and not to question. I recognized I was wearing blinders, I had no idea were ever put on me. I don't pretend that no Christian has seen what I'm about to show you. And I don't pretend no Christian—even ardent literalists—offer no explanations for what you're about to read. But I will tell you that this is one of those things that most lay Christians—however carefully they read or scrutinize their Bibles—don't know is in their Bibles.
What is the crux of the Christian religion? Upon what does their specific sales pitch hinge? The Resurrection. This is the single most significant event in the evolution of Christianity. It is their sign of assurance of an afterlife, the means of man's redemption and reconciliation with god, and the main and most important signal that Jesus was, in fact, the Son of God. And I guarantee you that nearly every theist you will ever meet has not done what you're about to do in this post: Read the Resurrection tales side by side.
Don't groan—they're surprisingly short stories. But I invite anyone who has never done this—atheist or theist—to take a moment and do it. And I'm putting the tales right here, to make it easy for even the laziest minds. I'm not going to offer up any personal critique or assessment of what follows. I'm not going to tell you what problems I think exist in these texts. You read them. You be the judge. You decide.
All I Ask:
Before you rush to look up the apologetic that will somehow attempt to reconcile what I'm presenting below, read the passages for yourself and then honestly answer this simple, single question: "If four different people told me the same stories I just read—and I didn't already believe these stories can't contradict—would I consider them contradictory?"
And we're off…
Luke 24:1-10
On the first day of the week, very early in the morning, the women took the spices they had prepared and went to the tomb. They found the stone rolled away from the tomb, but when they entered, they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. While they were wondering about this, suddenly two men in clothes that gleamed like lightning stood beside them. In their fright the women bowed down with their faces to the ground, but the men said to them, "Why do you look for the living among the dead? He is not here; he has risen! Remember how he told you, while he was still with you in Galilee: 'The Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, be crucified and on the third day be raised again.'" Then they remembered his words. When they came back from the tomb, they told all these things to the Eleven and to all the others. It was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and the others with them who told this to the apostles.
Mark 16:1-8
When the Sabbath was over, Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices so that they might go to anoint Jesus' body. Very early on the first day of the week, just after sunrise, they were on their way to the tomb and they asked each other, "Who will roll the stone away from the entrance of the tomb?" But when they looked up, they saw that the stone, which was very large, had been rolled away. As they entered the tomb, they saw a young man dressed in a white robe sitting on the right side, and they were alarmed.″Don't be alarmed," he said. "You are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified. He has risen! He is not here. See the place where they laid him. But go, tell his disciples and Peter, 'He is going ahead of you into Galilee. There you will see him, just as he told you.'" Trembling and bewildered, the women went out and fled from the tomb. They said nothing to anyone, because they were afraid.
Matthew 28:1-10
After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to look at the tomb. There was a violent earthquake, for an angel of the Lord came down from heaven and, going to the tomb, rolled back the stone and sat on it. His appearance was like lightning, and his clothes were white as snow. The guards were so afraid of him that they shook and became like dead men. The angel said to the women, "Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. He is not here; he has risen, just as he said. Come and see the place where he lay. Then go quickly and tell his disciples: 'He has risen from the dead and is going ahead of you into Galilee. There you will see him.' Now I have told you." So the women hurried away from the tomb, afraid yet filled with joy, and ran to tell his disciples. Suddenly Jesus met them. "Greetings," he said. They came to him, clasped his feet and worshiped him. Then Jesus said to them, "Do not be afraid. Go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee; there they will see me."
John 20:1-16
Early on the first day of the week, while it was still dark, Mary Magdalene went to the tomb and saw that the stone had been removed from the entrance. So she came running to Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one Jesus loved, and said, "They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we don't know where they have put him!" So Peter and the other disciple started for the tomb. Both were running, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached the tomb first. He bent over and looked in at the strips of linen lying there but did not go in. Then Simon Peter, who was behind him, arrived and went into the tomb. He saw the strips of linen lying there, as well as the burial cloth that had been around Jesus' head. The cloth was folded up by itself, separate from the linen. Finally the other disciple, who had reached the tomb first, also went inside. He saw and believed. (They still did not understand from Scripture that Jesus had to rise from the dead.) Then the disciples went back to their homes, but Mary stood outside the tomb crying. As she wept, she bent over to look into the tomb and saw two angels in white, seated where Jesus' body had been, one at the head and the other at the foot. They asked her, "Woman, why are you crying?" "They have taken my Lord away," she said, "and I don't know where they have put him." At this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not realize that it was Jesus. "Woman," he said, "why are you crying? Who is it you are looking for?" Thinking he was the gardener, she said, "Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have put him, and I will get him." Jesus said to her, "Mary." She turned toward him and cried out in Aramaic, "Rabboni!" (which means Teacher).
Make up your own mind.
20 comments:
I like your point and I agree with your premise, but the example here, I must say that the stories are indeed fairly alike... Some hyperbole in one, leaving out the fact that Simon Peter was there in the other, forgetting one person in yet another. Seems a reasonable approximation of the "true" events considering these stories were only written down tens of years later.
ReplyDeleteI just realized that the many worlds interpretation of quantum physics is considered absolutely correct according to the Bible!
I read "Jesus, Interrupted!" by Bart Ehrman earlier this year. This post reminded me very much of that book. Wondered if you had read it, Tracie? (Matt and Jen both mentioned it on the show a while back both giving it thumbs up).This post is a really good companion piece to my coverage of the same topic back in January. To me the question all boils down to how seriously to take the idea that the Bible is the inerrant and inspired word of a deity. If Christians weren't insistent upon making that claim, then it would be easier to accept wildly contradictory accounts of a single event as natural discrepancies about details between different witnesses. But if there's an omniscient mind behind the Scripture, you'd expect a much more airtight narrative. Perhaps God needs a really good story editor. Or he needs to bring in a script doctor for rewrites!
ReplyDeletehey, pretty good article. My only complaint would be that your arguments are pretty out-of-date. Christians have harmonized these so-called contradictions for over 100 years. If you want to know where Christian apologetics are headed, you should check out apologetics315.blogspot.com It's a really good site with a lot of relevant argumentation that you could tackle. You could also check out my website www.rationallychristian.blogspot.com I need some feedback from atheists to make sure I'm not lagging behind on argumentation either, haha! Thank you for your time and good luck with your website!
Joel- Anonymous12/23/2009 5:35 AM
>Religion studies have been discussing and comparing these passages for centuries, side by side.
I addressed this in my article: "I don't pretend that no Christian has seen what I'm about to show you. And I don't pretend no Christian—even ardent literalists—offer no explanations for what you're about to read. But I will tell you that this is one of those things that most lay Christians—however carefully they read or scrutinize their Bibles—don't know is in their Bibles."
I've heard your reasons in personal correspondence for what you believe and why. I need to note that your views on Christianity are not orthodox in the sense that they fail to represent the vast majority of Christians that people on this list would have encountered in the real world if they walked in to a church. You are a theist, but your view of books (as you expressed to me--and I can provide the quotes) are that they inspire "supernatural" experiences in you when read, but that it doesn't matter to you if their content is, from a literal standpoint, totally false or not. I think that's important to this post and your comment. The fact is, if these stories were in no sense the same, that would not impact your view of them whatsoever, because you don't expect them to align to begin with.
>I like your point and I agree with your premise, but the example here, I must say that the stories are indeed fairly alike.
I would agree with regard to the first two accounts, if I totally discount the endings. The next two vary a great deal in my view, with the last one being utterly off the mark compared the the prior three. However, as I said, each person, own mind. Up to every individual.
I have not read Jesus Interrupted. - Anonymous12/23/2009 5:36 AM
>Christians have harmonized these so-called contradictions for over 100 years.
I addressed this in the article: "I don't pretend that no Christian has seen what I'm about to show you. And I don't pretend no Christian—even ardent literalists—offer no explanations for what you're about to read. But I will tell you that this is one of those things that most lay Christians—however carefully they read or scrutinize their Bibles—don't know is in their Bibles."
The two comments (from Joel and PM) remind me of the blinders I described in the article--reading, but only really absorbing what one wants to hear. Did you also miss this? "Before you rush to look up the apologetic that will somehow attempt to reconcile what I'm presenting below, read the passages for yourself and then honestly answer this simple, single question: 'If four different people told me the same stories I just read—and I didn't already believe these stories can't contradict—would I consider them contradictory?'"
That comment was followed at the end by this: "Make up your own mind."
Note I don't direct people initially to a site where someone can tell them what to think. I ask them to read and form a personal opinion first, before reading the apologetic explanation. That is because I trust most people to recognize crap when they see it. I understand that doesn't guarantee some won't. But I know that the apologetic response to every problem is "here is what you believe and why you believe it." And to Christians, it's not odd at all to have someone dictate "their" beliefs to them. It's par for the course. I've heard Christians often describe their own doctrines in terms of "this is what _we_ believe," and ask in Bible classes, "What do _we_ believe about this...?" They might just as well be saying, "Can you tell me again what I believe about this?" And it takes very little to stop-gap a person's doubts who is already at that level of not thinking.
So, rather than asking, "Well, you've read it yourself, what do you think?" You would send them to a site where they're told what to think about these passages by others who have no more information on this matter than they do.
These stories are not supplemented by some secret appendix that offers more data about what _really happened_. Any attempt at rationalizing will include _making stuff up_.
People, however, can believe what they like. I'm giving them the data, not telling them what to think. If they feel a need to go and find someone who is happy to tell them what to think, then they're happy with their blinders. Should they read apologetic responses? In the article I said that was fine. I just asked them to think for themselves for a moment before doing so. No harm. No foul. Regarding the different witnesses, different stories explanation. This explanation has an inherent problem: who are the witnesses? The scene is described as if from an outside point of view. Do Luke and his partners claim that they were there to view the action? Do any of these Christian apologists discuss the source of the accounts? Just saying something happened doesn't really work if you don't explain how you know it.
ReplyDeleteGreat post Tracie, as usual.
Discrepencies in testimonies are to be expected, the problem here is that the result of these alledged testimonies, the Gospels, claim to tell an absolute truth. For such a claim, the evidence seems not only poor, but inexistent. The accounts are not even plausible to begin with! We know that the Gospels, just like the Bible, were objectively mistaken on a number of events (the Census, the visit of the Magis, the Massacre of Innocents, Barabbas, etc). Why should we consider them more genuine when they tell the story of the resurrection, especially since they contradict themselves so widely?That was actually an exercise we did in Sunday school back in high school. The mental gymnastics we went through to make the stories fit together and still be literalist and divinely inspired were amazing. I accepted it then, enjoying the exercise, but in retrospect ... if you have to work that hard to make the stories fit together (and like a badly told story that doesn't make much sense, linear as it is), it probably doesn't actually work.
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Use the video and step-by-step drawing instructions below to learn how to draw Fluttershy from My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic. A new cartoon drawing tutorial is uploaded every week, so stay tooned!
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subset: commoncrawl


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George Santayana Quote
Progress, far from consisting in change, depends on retentiveness. When change is absolute there remains no being to improve and no direction is set for possible improvement: and when experience is not retained, as among savages, infancy is perpetual. Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
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Alabama wants to be the 1st state to execute a prisoner by making him breathe only nitrogen
MONTGOMERY, Ala. (AP) — Alabama is seeking to become the first state to execute a prisoner by making him breathe pure nitrogen.
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Smith was one of two men convicted in the 1988 murder-for-hire slaying of a preacher's wife. The Alabama attorney general argued it is time to carry out the death sentence.
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Alabama has been working for several years to develop the nitrogen hypoxia execution method, but has disclosed little about its plans. The attorney general's court filing did not describe the details of the how the execution would be carried out. Corrections Commissioner John Hamm told reporters last month that a protocol was nearly complete.
A number of Alabama inmates seeking to block their executions by lethal injection, including Smith, have argued they should be allowed to die by nitrogen hypoxia.
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Sennett was found dead on March 18, 1988, in the home she shared with her husband on Coon Dog Cemetery Road in Alabama's Colbert County. Prosecutors said Smith was one of two men who were each paid $1,000 to kill Sennett on behalf of her husband, who was deeply in debt and wanted to collect on insurance.
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How to Start with Osmosis
- How to install Osmosis?
Before all else you must setup a WordPress version on your server. After downloading the package, you will have "Osmosis" folder and "Osmosis.zip" file inside the Theme package. You can either choose to upload the Theme to your server via ftp (just upload the folder "Osmosis" into the folder wp-content/themes) or via WordPress upload function (Appearance > Themes > Install Themes > Upload) using the "Osmosis.zip" file.
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This is for sure the easiest and fastest way to update Osmosis. The only thing you have to do is to activate the theme update and enter your Themeforest username and an API key (from Envato).
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When there is a new update of Osmosis you will be informed (message at top) in Appearance > Themes screen and in Theme Options screen. Then you will be able to update Osmosis with just one-click. Don't forget to update the required plugins in case that you are prompted (read the last 5 steps in this page).
- How to import Sample Content?
Save changes and you're ready. Save changes and you're ready.Save changes and you're ready.Save changes and you're ready.Save changes and you're ready.Save changes and you're ready.Save changes and you're ready.Save changes and you're ready.
Basic settings in Osmosis
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Create a new page from Pages > Add New. Give a title, like 'Home', add the elements and settings you wish and then publish it. Next, create another page with the title you want for your blog. You do not need any content for your main blog page. The next thing is to tell WordPress to use your pages appropriately. Go to Settings > Reading and set the 'Front page displays' to 'A static page'. Set the home page you just created as the 'Front page', and the blog page you created as the 'Posts page' and save your changes.
Your Home and Blog page are ready to go! - How to handle Menus?
Osmosis comes with two custom menus, one positioned in the header area(Header Menu) and the other in the copyright area(Footer Menu). To set up your custom menus simply:
- Go to Appearance > Menus.
- Enter your menu name.
- Click the Create Menu button.
- Add items to your menu by using the widgets on the left side.
- Save your menu.
- Click Manage Locations.
- Attach it to the location you prefer (Header or Footer) and save again!
- How to create an Anchor Menu?
Additionally, Osmosis offers the Anchor Menu per page option. Notice that, anchor menus are optimal for navigation within one page. To create such a menu in a page please do as follows.
- Add Section IDs (e.g., idname1) in Rows you want to use in your menu.
- Create a menu the usual way.
- Add as menu items custom links of the form: http://www.site.com/pagename/#idname1
- Save menu and use it by selecting it from the Page Options of the page.
Theme Options/Philosophy
- About the Framework of Osmosis
Osmosis option panel is built with the famous Redux Framework and gives you many configuration options in a user-friendly environment. Click the Osmosis tab from the main WordPress navigation and then you will be able to affect many core features of Osmosis. All the options have detailed descriptions in order to explain their purpose.
- How to set up the Header in Osmosis?
For a better grasp of the full potential of the theme, it is worth having a look at the philosophy behind the Header. The Header in Osmosis does not have predefined styles (like most themes), but the elements can be moved independently from each other. The elements one can add on Header may be the following:
- Logo (3 different Background styles)
- Menu (3 different styles)
- Safe Button (On/Off & Add various elements)
- Menu Elements (On/Off & Add various elements)
- TopBar Area (On/Off & Add various elements)
All 4 elements can have their own align without one's place affecting the other's. This way, virtually dozens of combinations can turn out. If you take into account the topbar that offers 2 places (left and right) and it's of the logic On/Off and Add elements, Osmosis can satisfy even the most demanding user.
- How to set the Footer in Osmosis?
Osmosis provides multiple footer layouts that you can choose from. You can select various column layouts or have a single column if you wish. Go to Theme Options > Footer Options to build your footer.
Afterwards the creation of your footer layout, you will probably want to add content to it. Simply go to Appearance > Widgets. Drag any of the provided widgets to the footer widget areas (Footer 1-4), order and reorder them as you wish and customise the settings.
Page Options
- How to start with pages?
Let's create a new page by following the usual WordPress steps:
- Go Pages > Add New.
- Give the page title.
- Add your content (use the amazing Visual Composer).
Just below the Tinymce Editor you will notice two meta boxes (sections for settings): One with the title 'Page Options' and another with the title 'Feature Section'.
- Basic Page Options
Here you can give a description for the page (a subtitle) you create, choose its layout (Default, Full Width, Right Sidebar, Left Sidebar), select which widget area to use and if you also prefer a fixed(sticky) or even colored sidebar. Additionally, you can add an anchor menu and disable areas like the page title, the topbar, the bottom bar, the footer, the copyright area, the safe button and even the content area.
- What about the Feature Section in Osmosis?
Osmosis gives you the chance to add one of five special elements and to integrate your header with the feature section (Header Integration option). You can select among Title, Image, Slider, Video or Google Map. Follow the guidelines to set up the Feature Element of your choice. In addition, it's worth trying your site's Header under the Feature section in any page you like. This way you can create pages of totally different style. Finally, you can define the height of your feature section. Choose a full width section or specify the height you prefer in pixels.
General Questions
- When to use the Child Theme?
Generally, a WordPress child theme is a theme that inherits the functionality of another theme, called the parent theme, and allows you to modify, or add to, the functionality of that parent theme. So install both themes (parent and child-theme), activate the child theme and you ensure that changes you make to the files are not overwritten when upgrading the main theme. If you need to edit PHP files, the first thing you need to do is replicate the old file before you start to modify it. So, copy and paste the theme's original file into your child theme folder ensuring that the file name and location is exactly the same. For example, if you want to modify the osmosis/folder-name/file1.php, then you would copy and paste this file to osmosis-child/folder-name/file1.php. Then, you can open and make any necessary changes.
By using a child theme, you don't have to worry about the updates of the parent Osmosis theme.
- What about SEO in Osmosis?
Osmosis is built with SEO best-practices in mind. We use heading tags (H1,H2,H3…) for titles, main content and logo which is good practice for search engine site. It goes without saying that Osmosis uses valid HTML5 code and CSS3. Search engines would love the clean code of Osmosis. Additionally, Osmosis uses internal site linking, which is vital for search engines (two predefined navigation menus, related portfolios etc). Osmosis is also full compatible with the two most popular WP Seo plugins, All in One SEO and WordPress SEO by Yoast, in case you need something more specific for your site optimization. Be sure that we have done our best for your site google ranking.
- How to translate the strings of Osmosis?
First of all, we recommend to use the PO Edit to edit and/or translate the static strings of Osmosis. When you install it follow the steps below:
- Go to /osmosis/languages/ folder, duplicate the en_US.po file and rename it using the appropriate language code (for example if you translate to French you need to re-name it as fr_FR.po). You can find all the codes here.
- Then open the renamed .po file with PO Edit. Translate the strings in your language into the "Translation" column.
- Click to save the file when you finish the translation. Then an .mo file will be created in the same directory (just like en_US.mo file).
- Upload these 2 files in /osmosis/languages/ folder
- Finally, edit your wp-config.php file to define your language. Search for define ('WPLANG', ' '); and replace with define ('WPLANG', 'fr_FR'); in the case of French.


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Progress toward perfection has genuine skeptics, who insist on sticking with marginalized tools. The newer thing may seem less flawed or simply easier, such traditionalists insist, but it sacrifices warmth, soul, depth, personality, chance and the human touch. They must have a point, because practically every antiquated creative process ends up inspiring some kind of digital filter, effect or add-on designed explicitly to mimic its singular properties. The upshot is a form of progress toward perfecting flaws.
A conspicuous example is the $1.99 Hipstamatic iPhone application, which, as one review put it, filters images made with the device's camera "to make them look as though they were taken with an unreliable plastic camera . . . rather than this complex mobile smart phone." In mid-July it was the 17th-most-popular paid app in the iTunes store; drop by the Hipstamatic Flickr pool to browse more than 53,000 digital images, with pleasingly washed-out colors or other beguiling imperfections resembling those created by glitches in analog processes.
The same urge surfaces in other media. IZotope Vinyl recording software lets users "create authentic 'vinyl' simulation," right down to filters to suggest the amount of dust on a record and the degree of warping. Digital typefaces ape handwriting, including idiosyncratic jots or messy scrawls in dashed-off marker or childlike crayon; others strive to capture the quirks of the hand-painted signage at a small business. Even crudely amateur Web design can now be recreated in a click with the Geocities-izer, which instantly reworks any slick contemporary site into a jarring mess of loud colors and pointless animation reminiscent of an earlier and more individualized version of the Internet — as if it were "made by a 13-year-old in 1996."
Admittedly, the Geocities-izer is more of a joke than a tool, but it crystallizes the idea of new, easy-to-use methods for recapturing the error-riddled expression of yore. This echoes the long-established yen for "antiqued" furniture or "distressed" jeans: imperfection implies character, imposed by artificial means. Images from the Hipstamatic have "an instant haze of memory," according to one endorsement. And really, who wants to wait around for the actual haze of memory to set in?
It's telling that the urge for these tools seems strongest in the realms where bits have replaced film, a medium notable for its ability to capture reality accurately. Aside from the Hipstamatic, various apps allow you to layer a "warm vintage" appearance or "film emulsion" border onto phone pictures or even recreate the look of that classic botch, the double exposure. Users of actual cameras (actual digital cameras, I mean) can also unperfect their images with products from Holgamods and Lomography that recreate the glitchy effects of cheap cameras; Lensbaby mounts do the same and include an option for making pictures that resemble those from a pinhole camera — all to "bring a more organic look." Silver Efex Pro software aims to make color photographs into convincing black-and-white ones; Poladroid software promises to let you easily create "high-resolution Polaroid-like pictures from your digital photos."
As for moving film, you don't have to buy a Digital Harinezumi to fake an 8-millimeter movie: the Vintage Video Maker app converts iPhone videos to resemble a 1960s home movie or even a 1920s silent movie. The unifying theme is the link between the flawed and the interesting. A boringly perfect digital picture of a flower makes no impression. But an equally boring one marred by (digitally recreated) light leaks, exposure mistakes and focus inconsistencies presses the aesthetic button that suggests deeper meaning. Specifically, the image looks like one from a time before taking a thousand pictures in a weekend was routine. It taps into a language that predates digital abundance in order to layer on implied significance where, as often as not, none exists.
Not that anyone is complaining about digital abundance. The number of people who actually cling to what one flaw-tool endorser calls "the oh-so-last-century idea of film" remains small. Another enthusiast concedes the technologies of imperfection fall short of matching the qualities the actual outdated tools produced — but they're so much easier to use that it's worth the trade-off. And that raises and answers the question of how to choose among the many options for digitally antiquing your 21st-century self-expression: we want the ones that make the most convincing mistakes.
This essay was originally published in The New York Times Magazine, November 30, 2003.


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What if you woke up tomorrow and all the music was gone? Imagine the richness stripped from the planet. Would it be the end of the world? No. But it's not the world I signed up for. Now substitute music with entrepreneurship. What if you woke up one day and entrepreneurship was dead?
Despite startup culture gaining visibility from hoodie-wearing CEOs, until recently, entrepreneurship had been declining for decades. The number of new businesses in America fell by nearly half from 1978 to 2019, according to the Brookings Institution. Almost all industrialized countries saw similar declines. The Fraser Institute compared 2001-07 with 2008-14 and found that startup creation dropped by 18.6% in America, 20.3% in Australia, 8.5% in Canada and 7.5% in Britain.
Since COVID, we've watched a remarkable surge in new business formations that has held in 2021. In July 2020 alone, over 500K new businesses were created—nearly double the year prior. This is encouraging.
But entrepreneurship is still endangered. The baby boom has passed, and millennials are almost half as likely to start a business as those over 45. In many countries, population growth has slowed sharply. These demographic shifts play a part, but I have another theory.
Not so long ago, there were small-business opportunities in every town. Each neighborhood needed a butcher, a baker, a candlestick-maker. Then along came the big-box store, and everything changed. There's less space for traditional entrepreneurship when big retailers dominate the physical and digital worlds.
There are other obstacles too. Many categories of entrepreneurship require licensing. In America, Mark Zuckerberg can start Facebook without asking, but can't cut hair without government permission.
Liberty and the pursuit of happiness
I know how hard it is to start a business. It's lonely. It's fundamentally irrational. To paraphrase Brad Sugars, you work 100 hours a week to avoid working 40 hours a week for someone else. But that's the beautiful thing about entrepreneurs. They don't necessarily want to take over the world, just to carve out their corner of it. They're reaching for independence.
The number one reason Shopify merchants love running their business is the freedom to make their own decisions. How many of us would want that kind of independence if it wasn't so hard? Think about those who flocked to San Francisco in 1849. Was the Gold Rush really about gold? No, it was about the availability of opportunity. All you needed was a pick axe, and you were golden.
To preserve entrepreneurship, we need to make it easier. To retain vibrant cities and boost employment, every player—governments, banks, technology providers—needs to reduce friction for entrepreneurs.
We also need to expand our entrepreneurship definition beyond Silicon Valley stereotypes. Entrepreneurs include immigrants making ends meet for their families. When I came to Canada from Germany, I started an online snowboard store called Snowdevil because I couldn't get a work visa. The software I built for this store eventually became Shopify. Despite declining entrepreneurship rates, immigrant-owned businesses in America have increased, from 14% in 2007 to 16% in 2016, according to the United States Census Bureau. Fully 45% of Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants or their children.
Entrepreneurs also include mothers who want more time at home. In our annual survey, 75% more females than males reported working from home as their primary motivation for starting a business. People who identified as a non-binary gender were four times as likely to become entrepreneurs because they couldn't find employment anywhere else.
Entrepreneurship isn't always a passion. Sometimes it's a requirement.
So much of the last few centuries' progress was driven by entrepreneurs. They're the ones we read books about, from Andrew Carnegie to Oprah Winfrey to Phil Knight of Nike.
Entrepreneurship is an age-old profession. We can't let it fade away. We need more people in the garage, in the kitchen, in the evenings, making the world better for others and themselves.
The good news? We're on the right track. Technology like augmented reality opens new entrepreneurship categories; starting a business is more accessible with new tech platforms; and the human desire for creative pursuits will grow as more jobs become automated.
For the first time in decades, entrepreneurship is on the rise—and we need to work together to help it thrive.
💡 How we're helping entrepreneurs thrive:
- Shopify Capital: A funding option that determines eligibility based purely on store sales, to democratize access to capital.
- 1 Million Black Businesses (1MBB): We've joined forces with Operation Hope to provide $130 million in in-kind resources to 1MBB, which seeks to create one million new Black-owned businesses by 2030.
- Shopify Indigenous: A community for Indigenous entrepreneurs to learn from one another and get support from Shopify to run their businesses.
- Shopify Compass: Free online courses, webinars, and tutorials to learn how to start and scale your business.
Tobi Lütke is an entrepreneur, programmer, and the co-founder and CEO of Shopify. A version of this article was originally published in The Economist.
Illustration by Jon Krause


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Indiana Recreation or Attractions
From The RadioReference Wiki
Welcome to the "Category:Indiana Recreation or Attractions" category. This category:
- Is a sub-category of:
- Lists all the articles that contain information relating to Recreation facilities, Recreation activities, or Attractions, as submitted by the members.
In general, data in any Wiki article:
- might not be accurate. Members are encouraged to validate and edit the articles.
- should be used to supplement the data in our Frequency Database.
Please note:
- Please apply this category to articles that describe:
- Recreational facilities (i.e. Campgrounds, Golf Courses or Golf Resorts) -or-
- Attractions such as Hersheypark, Dollywood, Six Flags
To CATEGORIZE an article into this category, please add the following as the last line in the article:
[[Category:Indiana Recreation or Attractions]]
Please do NOT edit this page unless you intend to change the Description of this Category. Thank you.
This category has only the following subcategory.
Pages in category "Indiana Recreation or Attractions"
The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total.


text: Those Beautiful Flowering Trees … Achoo! April 21, 2017 — It's pollen season! As spring arrives, we're blessed with clusters of lovely blossoms on many of our trees. But for those of us with allergies, those blooms are the bringers of sniffles and sneezes. And did you know that people who have always been immune to pollen allergies can develop a sensitivity later in life?... Read More


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#25 Simone Heyward Season 2011
2014 SEC Community Service Team
2014 H. Boyd McWhorter Scholar-Athlete Post-Graduate Scholarship Nominee
2013 SEC Academic Honor Roll
2013 LSWA Hitter of the Week (05/02)
2012 NCAA College Station All-Regional Team
2012 SEC Academic Honor Roll
2011 All-SEC Freshman Team
2011 SEC Freshman of the Week (May 9)
2011 All-Louisiana Second Team
2011 Tiger Classic All-Tournament Team & MVP
2011 SEC Freshman Academic Honor Roll
Appeared in 46 games and made 17 starts for LSU in the outfield as a senior… Was named to the 2014 SEC Community Service Team… Nominated for the H. Boyd McWhorter Scholar-Athlete Post-Graduate scholarship… Hit .255 on the season with a double, triple, four RBI and 14 runs scored… Had a .364 on-base percentage and was 7-for-8 in stolen bases… Had two multi-hit outings and three multi-RBI contests… Heyward connected on a bases-clearing, three-RBI triple against George Washington (Feb. 14)…. Was 1-for-1 against Cal State Fullerton (Feb. 21)… Went 2-for-3 against Stanford with a run scored (Feb. 22)… Had one hit in three at-bats in the opener against Tennessee with a run scored (April 4)… Went 1-for-2 with a run scored in game two against Hofstra (April 16)… Had her best offensive game of the season, going 3-for-3 with a double, RBI and two runs scored in the win over Southeastern Louisiana (April 30)… Scored the go-ahead run to give LSU a 5-1 lead over Arizona in the NCAA Tucson Regional Championship round (May 18).
Recorded 48 appearances which included 44 starts shared between right field (34) and centerfield (10) … LSU won seven of 10 games when Heyward started in centerfield … Batted in the No. 9 spot during 40 of her 44 starts … Came away with a .333 batting average (32-for-96) which was over a 100 point improvement from 2012 and one RBI … The .333 hitting clip was fourth on the team … Raised her average to a team-leading .365 mark in SEC games, good enough for 11th place among the league leaders … Compiled a .476 on-base percentage, sixth-best, during SEC play … Was 16-for-18 in stolen bases, second on the team … 12 of her 16 steals came versus SEC opponents to rank in a second-place tie on the conference leaderboard … Registered eight multi-hit efforts, tied for fifth on the team … Was LSU's opening day starter at centerfield … Batted second, drew a walk and scored a run as part of LSU's five-run first inning during an 8-0 victory over No. 22 North Carolina (Feb. 8) … Started 40 of LSU's final 45 games (Feb. 22-May 19) … Picked up all 32 of her hits during that stretch started by a season's long five-game hitting streak (Feb. 22-March 2) … Turned in a 2-for-3 effort versus No. 16 UCLA (Feb. 24) … Reached base in four of her five plate appearances and scored two runs during LSU's 14-6 win over No. 14 Michigan (March 2) … Collected her first career three-hit performance against No. 17 Kentucky (March 15) … Scored the game-winning run on Jacee Blades' RBI single in the ninth inning of LSU's 4-3 walkoff win over No. 17 Kentucky (March 16) … Was 2-for-2 and added two stolen bases versus South Carolina (March 22) … Came away with another 2-for-2 effort and scored two runs at Florida State (April 3) … Coaxed three walks and scored the game-tying run during LSU's 5-4 comeback win over Arkansas (April 7) … Went 2-for-4 with two runs scored at No. 10 Texas A&M (April 13) … Drove home her lone RBI of the season on a bases loaded walk as part of LSU's seven-run fourth inning and 10-2 series clinching win at No. 10 Texas A&M (April 14) … Scored game-tying or game-winning run during all three games of LSU's sweep over No. 4 Alabama (April 25-27) … Was 2-for-3 and crossed the plate on Sandra Simmons' walkoff RBI single during the eighth inning of the series opener (April 25) … Two of her three outfield assists on the season came versus Alabama which includes cutting down a pair of game-tying runs at home plate (April 26) and at third base (April 27) … Equaled a career-high with three hits at Georgia (May 3) … Started all four games of the NCAA Baton Rouge Regional (May 17-19) in right field … Was 2-for-8 with two runs scored and two walks in the postseason.
Totaled 40 appearances, including 24 starts in centerfield … LSU won 17 of 24 games when Heyward started in centerfield … Checked in with a .219 batting average (14-for-64) and totaled six RBIs … LSU was 9-2 when Heyward scored a run … Tallied a 2-for-2 effort with two runs scored and a RBI against Louisiana Tech (Feb. 12) … Coaxed three walks and added a RBI versus Utah State (Feb. 19) … Pieced together a season's long three-game hitting streak (Feb. 21-25) … Missed a 15-game stretch due to injury (March 2-21) … Worked her way to a pinch hit walk and crossed the plate with the game's only run during a 1-0 walkoff win over Arkansas (March 30) … Recorded pinch hit singles versus Ole Miss (April 22) and at Kentucky (May 5) … Started all nine of LSU's postseason contests from the No. 2 spot in the lineup and collected hits in five of those games … Picked up NCAA College Station All-Regional honors … Knocked a leadoff single and scored the game's only run in LSU's 1-0 walkoff win over Texas State (May 18) … Was 1-for-3 with a run scored during the winner's bracket game at No. 8 national seed Texas A&M (May 19) … With LSU trailing 1-0 to No. 9 national seed Missouri in the rubber game of NCAA Columbia Super Regional (May 27), Heyward blasted a three-run double for her first extra-base hit of the season off MU All-American Chelsea Thomas … Turned in a 2-for-3 performance against No. 3 national seed Arizona State (June 2) at the Woman's College World Series.
Started in centerfield for 53 of LSU's 58 games … Secured All-SEC Freshmen and All-Louisiana Second-Team honors … Compiled a team-leading .294 batting average (45-for-153), scored a team-high 39 runs, drew a team-best 28 walks and added a team-leading 23 stolen bases … LSU won 25 of 27 games when Heyward scored a run … Scored multiple runs on 10 occasions … Her 23 stolen bases were sixth-best in the SEC … Provided 11 multi-hit games to rank second on the team … Batted in the leadoff spot in 46 of 53 appearances … Spent the first 34 games of 2011 with over a .300 batting clip (Feb. 11-April 2) … Went 7-for-17, scored 11 runs and swiped six steals to garner Tiger Classic All-Tournament Team and MVP accolades (Feb. 11-13) … Missed a five-game stretch (Feb. 18-23) due to injury … Added a quartet of four-game hitting streaks (Feb. 18-26, March 9-12, April 20-23 and May 20-22) … Was 2-for-4 with a triple and run scored versus No. 3 Arizona (Feb. 25) … Tacked on hits in both games of doubleheader against No. 2 Florida (March 9) … Went 1-for-3 with a RBI at Nicholls State (March 23) … Scored runs in all three games of the Arkansas series (April 1-3) … Was 2-for-4 with two runs scored at McNeese State (April 13) … Recorded hits in nine of her last 12 outings since returning to the top spot of the lineup (April 27-May 22) … Earned the SEC Freshman of the Week award (May 9) after she scored five runs and collected a .700 on-base percentage during South Carolina series (May 6-8) … Hit safely in all four games of NCAA College Station Regional (May 20-22), including a pair of multi-hit efforts during elimination wins over Sacred Heart (May 21) and Syracuse (May 21) … Also added a RBI and scored a run in those wins.
Four-year letterwinner for Bill Kapp at Rosemont High School … Team earned first playoff berth during her freshman season and won its first playoff game as a junior … Earned All-League First Team and All-Metro honors in 2008-09 … Set program records for batting average and stolen bases … Member of Student Government and the Principal's List … Recruited by Cal and Stanford … Also lettered in track.
Daughter of Earl and Mavis Heyward … Born on August 27, 1992 … Has one brother, Spencer (18) and one sister, Stephanie (15) … Majoring in sociology with a criminology concentration.


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CHICAGO, Oct. 23 (UPI) -- About 130 Occupy Chicago protesters were arrested early Sunday when the group refused to leave Grant Park, police said.
A group of about 2,000 to 3,000 rallied Saturday night after a march from Federal Plaza to Congress Plaza at Michigan Avenue and Congress Parkway. About 100 decided to remain in the area and stay overnight in nearby Grant Park with hopes to set up a more permanent camp, the Chicago Sun-Times reported Sunday.
Police announced anyone remaining in the park after its 11 p.m. closing time would be arrested. A few hundred people gathered on nearby sidewalks, but by about 2:40 a.m. the plaza was clear, Central Police District Cmdr. Christopher Kennedy told the Chicago Tribune.
Protesters in the Occupy movement, which began in New York on Wall Street, cite a number of reasons for their involvement including taxing the rich, war funding and education. University of Chicago graduate student Patrick Van Kessel held a sign at the march that read "separation of corporations and state."
"I have been waiting for a movement like this for a while," he told the Tribune.
Sunday's incident marks the second weekend of arrests in the Occupy Chicago protests -- Chicago police arrested 175 people Oct. 16.


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Watch Pat, Terry, and Gordon on your iPod as they bring you amazing stories and celebrity interviews.
Have you experienced the presence of God?
Ron DiCianni: Painting the Resurrection?
Become a CBN partner and receive The Transforming Word: Verses to Overcome Fear and Experience Peace, our special DVD/CD gift to you. CBN Partners are making a difference sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Find out how.
Lulu Roman: Hee-Hawing Through Life
Tracy Elliott: What Lies Beneath the Crown
Kay Warren: A Voice for the Suffering
CBN.com Rob Mitchell is a successful financial planner who helps many of his clients secure their futures, a stark contrast from the world he knew as a child.
Both of Rob's parents suffered with mental illness. His father was institutionalized. His mother died a bag lady in the streets of Chicago, but not before she dropped Rob off at an orphanage. He was only 3-years-old.
Rob: I wet the bed that night and I still remember clearly the voices of other little boys in this strange place where mother's abandoned me, laughing in the hallway. Then my memories go blank.
There was one bright spot in Rob's life – his grandmother, Gigi. She couldn't afford to care for her grandson, but she visited him every Saturday. Rob: I knew Gigi loved me, which was a gift most of the kids didn't have.
Aside from Gigi, Rob's only hope to leave the orphanage was living with relatives from out of state.
Rob: I remember waiting all summer for that call, 'okay you're going to go down and live with them.' And the call never came.
As a teenager he enjoyed sports. But he was an angry young man. Eventually, his violent outbursts got him kicked off of sports teams and in trouble at the orphanage.
Rob: I hurt so bad. My childhood is shattered and I will not be alone in my pain; if I have to hurt like this, someone else is going to hurt too.
As lonely and angry as Rob was – there was always Gigi. She prayed that her grandson would come to know Jesus as his savior.
Rob: He got betrayed by people he should have been able to trust. That one I understood. He talked about forgiveness. He said you need to repent to God about things you thought, said and done. I was like, 'whoa, stop the bus; I'm getting off.' Why should I repent to a God who would let me have this childhood?
Gigi wouldn't give up. She kept on praying for her grandson. When Rob was about to graduate from high school, with no future and no hope, God answered her prayers. Rob: My last great struggle was, 'why would a holy God want somebody like me? Why?' God was offering to adopt me: a boy clothed in the ragged clothes of social and emotional poverty, whose heart was covered with childhood dirt and scars. But, just as I am, he was offering to adopt me. And in that moment, the holy God of the universe reached out of heaven and touched the life of an angry, bitter punk in an orphanage and began to change my life.
Rob chronicled his story in the book Castaway Kid. Today, he's married to Susan. They have two grown children and he runs a successful investment business. He says God's love released him from his painful past. Still, Rob holds on to those memories that help him reach out to the hurting and rejected.
Rob: The world is full of walking wounded people; some have wounded themselves, some have been wounded by other's abuse or other's apathy. If there's a word for my life, I'd like to think that word is hope: that no matter how brutal, no matter how bizarre - that God says, 'I'll take you, just as you are - and let me amaze you.'
A caring friend will be there to pray with you in your time of need.


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On Sunday night, Emma Stone debuted her new blonde hair for her role as Gwen Stacy in Sony's upcoming untitled Spider-Man movie at the "Trevor Live" show, which benefits The Trevor Project, at the Hollywood Palladium in Los Angeles. Shooting for the film starts this month!
For two more photos, click here or on the picture below!
Source: Splash News


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Our Living and Our Dead
Our Living and Our Dead was a literary-historical periodical first published in New Bern on 2 July 1873. Stephen D. Pool, the editor of the weekly folio, declared that its purpose was "to make a fair and impartial record of my native State, and of her gallant sons,-of the living, maimed or able-bodied, as well as the dead, whose remains filled every cemetery, reposed beneath the sod of almost every battle-ground, or in the enclosure of every hospital and Confederate cemetery, and of every prison pen at the North." Our Living and Our Dead contained miscellaneous sketches, correspondence, state news, war diaries, war reminiscences, registers of North Carolina troops, and selected verse, as well as reprints from other southern periodicals. While most of the material in the publication focused on North Carolina's role in the Civil War, articles on other subjects also appeared. For example, the periodical published a number of articles defending the authenticity of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence of 20 May 1775.
In October 1873, Our Living and Our Dead became the official publication of the North Carolina Branch of the Southern Historical Society. In 1874 it was moved to Raleigh, became a single-column monthly, and continued regular publication until March 1876. Theodore B. Kingsbury and James H. Pool (the editor's brother) became associate editors. Kingsbury, a North Carolina author and literary critic, wrote many essays for the magazine and became the publication's most prolific contributor. He prepared historical and biographical sketches, as well as articles on education, southern textbooks, poetry, and plagiarism.
The circulation of Our Living and Our Dead ranged from about 1,500 to 2,000 readers. This proved to be an inadequate subscriber base, and the periodical ceased publication in March 1876. The magazine stands out as the most provincial of the South's postwar literary-historical periodicals. In addition to being a major source for the work and ideas of Kingsbury, the publication remains a resource for the history of the state, especially in relation to North Carolinians' involvement in the Civil War.
Ray M. Atchison, "Our Living and Our Dead: A Post-Bellum North Carolina Magazine of Literature and History," NCHR 40 (October 1963).
Atchison, "Southern Literary Magazines, 1865-1887" (Ph.D. diss., Duke University, 1956).
Additional Resources:
Eastern North Carolina Digital Library: http://digital.lib.ecu.edu/historyfiction/item.aspx?id=mir
1 January 2006 | Faulkner, Ronnie W.


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We have run out of stock for this item.
These are our new print footed baby pajamas. They are made out of soft cotton spandex and are done up with a zipper. This features a double zipper that zips from the top and bottom meant for easy diaper changes.
Each pajama up to size 3-6 has hand cuffs, and size 12-18 has foot grips.
Wash in cold water
Fit True to Size
95% Cotton 5% Spandex


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When it comes to oil production and consumption, countries have a very close relationship of interdependence with each other. Some countries consume more oil than what they produce relying on imports to satisfy their internal demand. Others, consume less than what they produce, being able to export oil to nations that need it.
Oil consumption (yellow) for the United States, for example, was larger than its production (grey) for 2012, 18.55 mb/d (million barrels per day) compared to 8.9 mb/d, importing more than double its production to satisfy the gap in internal demand. Other nations with oil consumption higher that oil production include China, Brazil, Australia, India, UK, and Indonesia.
In contrast, oil consumption for Saudi Arabia for 2012 is estimated at 2.94 mb/d, while its production reached 11.53 md/d, exporting its oil surplus to the rest of the world. Other nations whose oil production exceeds its oil consumption include Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Norway, Russia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, and Qatar.
Source: Winston Smith Labs: Global Oil Production and Consumption since 1965 [Interactive Map/Graph]


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Yoga in the Garden: April-May Session
Learn yoga's calming rhythms of breathing, movement, and posture in a tranquil Garden setting. Small class sizes enable instructor Jacqueline Gooding to offer individual pointers and address multiple levels of experience. Please bring a blanket, yoga mat, water and appropriate layered clothing for the season. Classes take place in the Garden or inside Garden buildings, depending on weather.


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Vauxhall Zafira Tyres and Tyre Reviews
Are you looking for a family vehicle that is cosy, functional, and drives beautifully? Take a look at the modern, Vauxhall Zafira. It has a tonne of driving assistance, safety, and infotainment technologies, such auto-adjusting LED lighting.
Tyre reviews
Popular tyre size
Popular tyres
These are the most popular tyres purchased by Vauxhall Zafira owners.


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Quality Window & Door has been providing window solutions for Alexandria homes since 1989.
Fiberglass windows are relative newcomers to the replacement window market, first rising to popularity in the 1990s. Today, with rising energy costs and increased environmental awareness, fiberglass windows are more popular than ever. Fiberglass windows offer exceptional strength, durability, energy efficiency, and low maintenance.
Quality Window & Door is one of the largest fiberglass window suppliers and installation companies in Alexandria and throughout Virginia. We carry many of the leading brands and offer unparalleled customer service.
To learn more or to get a quote for new or replacement fiberglass windows for your Alexandria home, contact us today for a free estimate! Call us at 1-800-370-8751 to speak with a window specialist now.
We carry fiberglass windows from many of the nation's leading manufacturers, including:
Come into one of our convenient window and door showrooms located near Alexandria today to view and learn more about our fiberglass window selection. With locations in both Northern Virginia and Maryland, our showrooms are only a short car ride away.
Fiberglass windows offer many benefits over other types of windows, including:
What makes Quality Window & Door unique is our educational sales process and our non-proprietary selection of fiberglass and fiberglass-clad windows. Many window contractors in the Alexandria area sell only their brand and employ high-pressure sales tactics. You'll never get "hard closed" at Quality Window & Door.
Call our office today or schedule a visit to one of our local showrooms and you'll see why we're the "go-to guys" for many of the top builders, architects, and commercial property management companies in the area—as well as discerning homeowners!
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Learn about how our educational approach makes Quality Window & Door stand out from its competitors.


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The Army Command issued a statement on Wednesday whereby it announced that a Syrian chopper violated Lebanon's airspace in the town of Arsal, launched 6 rockets toward the town's square, and injured one.I've now been sent images from the scene of the remains of the rockets used
In the details, citizen Mohammad Ahmad al-Breidi was wounded following a rocket attack by a Syrian military chopper on Arsal. The rockets reportedly hit the center of the town, right by the municipality, LBCI correspondent said.
It's quite straight forward to ID the munitions used in this attack, especially as the first image provides some useful information. The last line of text reads "V-5KP1" when converted from cyrillic, which refers to the type of fuze used, seen here. These fuzes are used with S-5 and S-8 rockets, fired from rocket pods that can be mounted on both helicopters and jets.
In the second picture we get a clear shot of the rocket motor, which points to it almost certainly being the S-8 rocket. The S-5 rocket motor has a totally different shape, as shown below
The third picture shows the partial remains of the warhead, with the explosive fill visible inside the fragmentation coil. The fragmentation coil is visible of this image of the S-8 rocket
I also suspect the "K-O" on the first photograph indicates the specific type of S-8 rocket as the HEAT-Frag version, short for High Explosive Anti Tank Fragmentation. More details of S-8 rocket can be found here.
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New Anti-Tank Weapons From The Former-Czechoslovakia Appear In Syria
Evidence Of Jabhat al-Nusra With Croatian Weapons
Croatian Weapons Arrive In Homs
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CLAAS Forage harvester | JAGUAR 960 TERRA TRAC.
Your benefits:
- Fast on the road
- Reduces soil compaction in the field
- Stable on slopes
- High on traction for heavy-duty working
- Comfortable driving experience
The soil is the most important basis for production in the agricultural sector. As it is impossible to create more of it, ever greater yields have to be obtained from the existing land. This can only be achieved with machines which are bigger, more powerful and, therefore, heavier. Soil compaction is the result. Recognising the need to reduce this effect drastically, we developed the TERRA TRAC drive concept with patented geometry for particularly effective soil protection.
Soil pressure measurements obtained with the three variants.
Soil pressure measurement during cornering.
The application of the TERRA TRAC to the JAGUAR is a logical development of our crawler track concept. The JAGUAR TERRA TRAC is the first forage harvester equipped as standard with a function to protect the soil and grassland against driving damage. The headland protection function reduces the contact area by a third when cornering and protects the grass cover. This means that, for the first time, it is possible to make use of the advantages of the crawler track system on all surfaces throughout the whole year.
The TERRA TRAC crawler track system causes significantly lower soil pressure than the wheeled machine, even in headland mode. Source: Kiel University of Applied Sciences, Prof. Reckleben (2017)
- Three track widths
- Suspension and track tensioning system
- Drive wheel
- Support rollers
- Land wheel
- Tyre pressure adjustment system for steering axle
The driving force.
The TERRA TRAC drive concept with its patented geometry combines reliable, durable components with sophisticated technology.
- Friction-locked drive: instead of an interrupted transmission of the drive force being provided by separate teeth, a continuous frictional drive connection is provided across the entire track.
- Large land wheels: the large land wheels prevent rapid sinking into the ground and enable an easier exit from the path formed by the machine in extreme conditions. Furthermore, their large diameter makes for a greater contact area with the track and enables effective power transmission.
- Hydropneumatic suspension: the smart suspension system provides a high level of driving comfort while keeping the loads on the machine down. Land wheels and support rollers are suspended separately. This allows ground speeds of up to 40 km/h and noticeably enhanced cornering stability.
- Automatic track tensioning: the strong track is tensioned by an additional hydraulic ram which prevents slippage. The tension is monitored electronically at all times. If the track tension pressure drops, the machine operator is warned via CEBIS.
The advantages.
The TERRA TRAC drive concept has convinced farmers and contractors around the world thanks to the following characteristics:
- Large contact area combined with a transport width that complies with road traffic licensing regulations
- Avoidance of soil compaction and preservation of the soil structure
- Less drive resistance, less slippage, lower fuel consumption and greater stability on slopes through optimised traction
- Higher seasonal performance through longer working times, even under difficult conditions
- Shallower ruts which can be eliminated easily during subsequent tillage
- Comfortable workplace in the field and on the road, even at speeds as high as 40 km/h thanks to fully suspended crawler track units
These advantages have consequences for the efficiency of farms/contractors and offer vast potential for cost savings. Maintenance of a good soil structure is the basic requirement for good yields. A good soil aggregate state can also keep the requirement for fertilizer to a minimum, as a healthy soil can make better use of the available nutrients than a compacted one.
Furthermore, use of the TERRA TRAC crawler track system can lead to fuel savings. Subsequent tillage can be performed with a lower tractive power requirement, as the soil compaction is more superficial than that which results when using other drive systems in the same weight classes. The good traction performance of the crawler tracks increases pulling power and thus also efficiency with the same fuel consumption.
The integrated approach.
The advantages of the TERRA TRAC concept are obvious and have proved themselves on combine harvesters for over 20 years. In order to make full use of the potential of the system, it is important to take an integrated approach to soil protection. This means treating the soil gently throughout every process in the chain. Taking this reasoning to its logical conclusion, CLAAS is now extending the application of this concept to the tractor and forage harvester so that farmers and contractors can treat the basis of their livelihood, the soil, sustainably from drilling to harvest.


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07 July 2010
Surrey NanoSystems has developed an automated growth platform called NanoGrowth-Catalyst, which incorporates nine advanced nanomaterial processing techniques to synthesise a variety of nanomaterials, including graphene, nanowires and carbon nanotubes. Application versatility is enhanced by a multi-chamber design - a first in this industry sector - that ensures the purest processing conditions by continuously maintaining the substrate under vacuum from deposition of catalysts to growth of nanomaterials. This end-to-end vacuum processing is critical for the precursors and catalysts used for nanomaterials, which are easily contaminated by exposure to atmosphere. "Surrey NanoSystems entered the business world with a groundbreaking platform combining both CVD and plasma-enhanced CVD nanomaterial growth techniques," says Ben Jensen of Surrey NanoSystems. "This new platform takes processing flexibility much farther. It offers the means to support and speed research across the spectrum of nanomaterials, combined with automated handling and control to help developers turn material growth ideas into practical and repeatable production processes."NanoGrowth-Catalyst will replace multiple pieces of equipment with a single automated system. The processing techniques supported by the new platform are: LPCVD (low-pressure chemical vapour deposition) and PECVD (plasma-enhanced CVD), sputtering, sputter etching and ashing, delivery of solid- or liquid-phase catalysts/precursors, creation of controlled-density nanoparticle catalysts at room temperature, thermal annealing, rapid thermal processing (RTP), and a unique form of rapid thermal growth for nanomaterials called RTG which has been developed to prevent agglomeration of catalyst particles. The platform also supports broadband substrate degassing to remove surface contaminants before processing - helping to ensure the optimum adhesion of catalysts and films. An inductively coupled plasma source can additionally be fitted as an option - at the time of purchase or during the platform's lifecycle - to optimise the generation of sensitive materials employed in growth processes. A highly graphical interface gives users complete control over the processing parameters and steps. With its range of techniques users can employ NanoGrowth-Catalyst for creating or delivering growth catalysts and precursors (the sputtering platform's dual magnetrons also support co-deposition), depositing nanoparticles at room temperature, catalyst or material activation, growing materials, etching, and deposition of active or passive barrier films. The system has three chambers: a load/lock chamber and two reaction chambers, plus an automatic transport system for moving wafers/substrates. End-to-end atmosphere-free processing ensures the highest purity conditions to minimise contamination and oxidation and ensure consistent and repeatable results. Despite its extensive capability, NanoGrowth-Catalyst occupies only a very small cleanroom footprint of 1 x 2 m. The specification for this richly equipped platform came partly from requests by users of Surrey NanoSystems' first growth platform, the single reaction chamber NanoGrowth 1000n, and from researchers at Surrey NanoSystems and its research partner, the Advanced Technology Institute at the University of Surrey. In addition to making growth platforms, Surrey NanoSystems is engaged in developing nanoelectronics materials and processes to support the continued scaling of semiconductor devices. NanoGrowth-Catalyst's automated handling and wealth of processing capabilities are seen as the ultimate platform to support the company's own research into nanomaterial growth at temperatures compatible with mainstream CMOS fabrication. The company has already made significant advances in developing practical techniques for fabricating interconnection vias and low-k dielectrics for inter-layer insulation - key challenges on the semiconductor industry's roadmap as process geometries shrink."We expect this new growth tool to shorten the time to market for researching nanomaterials and applying them to commercial products," adds Ben Jensen. "There is nothing to compare with it on the market today and it offers a uniquely powerful means of investigating and developing nanomaterial technologies."
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Gasket for sale, NLA Johnson, Evinrude, OMC part# 0300359, 300359 for Sale.
For more NLA boat engine parts call (812) 476-BOAT or shop online! Find NLA Evinrude, Johnson, OMC, Mercruiser, Mercury & Mariner parts for sale by using the search tool above to look up part numbers available online and at East Side Marine in Evansville, Indiana.


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Jake LaMotta, Boxer Immortalized in 'Raging Bull,' Dies at 95
Jake LaMotta, the boxer dubbed the "Bronx Bull" and immortalized by Robert De Niro and Martin Scorsese in Raging Bull, has died at the age of 95. LaMotta passed away Tuesday in a nursing home, members of his family told TMZ, from complications from pneumonia, his wife said.
LaMotta's wife said, "I just want people to know, he was a great, sweet, sensitive, strong, compelling man with a great sense of humor, with eyes that danced." LaMotta was rejected from serving in the military in 1941 due to a medical issue, and it was this rejection that launched his legendary boxing career. He was a middleweight champ, a mamber of the International Boxing Hall of Fame, 83-19-4 in 106 pro fights, the most well-known of those his six-fight rivalry with Sugar Ray Robinson, of which LaMotta won one.
"I was able to convince my body that I could take it and nobody could hurt me," he told Esquire in 2012. "I might've gotten cut, stitches over my eyes. Broken nose. Broken hands. But I never really got hurt."
His exploits were depicted in the 1980 film Raging Bull, for which Robert De Niro won the Academy Award for Best Actor. "He would say, 'Hit me, don't worry, don't worry,'" De Niro recalled in a 2013 interview with Time magazine. "He was 55, but he was really tough. I didn't realize until I got to his age [how hard it is to] still take a punch."
Robert De Niro released a statement upon hearing of LaMotta's death: "Rest in Peace, Champ."


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First, if you haven't already done so, make sure you install the Contact Form 7 plugin: http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/contact-form-7/ With it installed, go into the settings and make a contact form for each agent. Make sure each agent has their own email address set for it.
When you create the contact form for each Agent, up top you'll see a "shortcode". You need to copy that shortcode to the clipboard because you'll need it in the next step.
Now create an Agent: To create an Agent, go to the left column of wp-admin and click on Agent -> Add Agent. For the title, enter the Agent's name. For the content, put in some bio text for the agent. And under that, enter phone, fax, email, etc.
You add an Agent "image" the same way that you do for adding images to a Listing. Click on the "insert/upload image" button. Upload a single image to represent the Agent. When you're done, exit the window by clicking the "X" at the top right.
In the Contact Form section, paste the shortcode (from Contact Form 7) that you copied to clipboard. Remember, each Agent will have their own shortcode.
Add more agents the exact same way. Now, when you make a Listing post (or edit one), there is a dropdown menu to choose an Agent. That's all there is to it!
[prettyphoto url="agentsmenu.swf"]
Create a "Page". Give it a title like "Our Agents". Add some content if you want, or not.
Give this page a Page Template of "Agents", then click Publish.
Now add it to your menu bars by going to Appearance -> Menus. Add the Agents page that you created to the menu and drag it in position. (For detailed information on creating menus, see the video in the Getting Started page)
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Recent industry-user-financed studies predicting major job losses in plants if the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA's) Industrial/Commercial/Institutional (ICI) Boiler Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards go into effect as originally proposed "are flawed," Randy Rawson, president of the American Boiler Manufacturers Association (ABMA), said. Rawson released a statement after it was divulged that the U.S. Department of Commerce (U.S. DOC) has weighed in with a so-far-unreleased opinion on the economic impact of the U.S. EPA's proposals.
"If indeed such a study exists, the U.S. DOC analysis must be made public; those affected by the EPA proposals—both positively and negatively—are owed the chance to be able to determine just how the department came up with its conclusions, whether its methodology can withstand scrutiny, and to what degree it analyzed job-creation potentials related to this standards-setting process. That can't happen until the U.S. DOC study is made public.
"More importantly, not one of the studies we've seen so far makes even a minimal attempt to calculate or to take into consideration the number of offsetting, solid manufacturing jobs in the boiler industry that will be created as a result of EPA promulgating sensible and achievable standards. Because they ignore this potential, all these job-loss studies are unavoidably flawed.
"I want all those Congressman and Senators who have railed against these proposed boiler standards to look around themselves to see just how many jobs in their congressional districts and states are linked to the boiler and boiler-related equipment-manufacturing industry—the boilers; the combustion equipment; the ancillary products, like valves, gages, traps, tubing, and other boiler-related items; the emissions controls equipment and products—and all those small businesses engaged in boiler sales, repair, installation, and in the aftermarket-services sectors that are likely to be affected by this process. And I want those Congressmen and Senators to tell those small businesses, their employees, and all their prospective employees—professional, skilled, and unskilled—that might find work because of [National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)] boiler standards why they are trying to derail these standards before they even know what they are.
"ABMA did not entirely support the standards as originally proposed, and we have made every attempt to counsel EPA on how they could be made more achievable and less onerous. EPA Administrator (Lisa P.) Jackson has already declared that 'the final standards will most assuredly differ from the proposed ones,' so any studies of the original versions can only be considered as ploys to spawn antipathy toward something that may not even exist in final form.
"If the final standards are uninformed or defy technical realities, this industry will be the first to step forward in opposition, as we did with the original proposals; but, until that becomes the case, this standards-setting process provides a substantial opportunity to those desperately in need of well-paying, manufacturing jobs in localities in virtually every section of this country, and we don't believe their aspirations deserve to be forgotten or minimized in a rush to find fault in an outcome that hasn't even been finalized."
Complete comments filed with the U.S. EPA by the ABMA on NESHAP can be found online.