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HPH178 : Natural clay plaster wall finishes – with Clare Whitney from Clayworks
Clare Whitney from Clayworks explains how clay plasters are made, their applications and why we might choose them over other wall finishes.
Interview with Clare Whitney
Clare Whitney has been working at Clayworks since 2009. The founders of Clayworks were specialists in cob building, even writing a book about it, and used clay onsite as a sustainable building product.
Clayworks now manufactures natural clay plaster, having spent two years creating a consistent and tested product that can be ready mixed and made available to anyone in the world at any time.
Clay is an ancient building material
Clay is one of the most naturally abundant minerals. Clare says that clay blocks and clay building methods are being rediscovered all around the world as a sustainable material with relatively low carbon intake. Clayworks focus on the application of clay as a plaster.
Clay plasters finish the interior walls of buildings
Clay plasters are a mixture of clay subsoil, aggregates and some natural form of fibre, with clay acting as the binder. Clay absorbs moisture, so water intake is critical; too much or not enough affects the consistency. Clare explains that Clayworks comprehensively researched different clay minerals to get the mixture absolutely right, so that the clay will not crack or "dust".
Clay plaster differs from other wall finishes in several ways
Clare says it's hard to describe the aesthetic, as you really have to see and feel and sense them, adding, "It's a completely different feeling to walk into a room with clay plasters."
Advantages of clay plaster include:
A different aesthetic: | • The patina is earthy and very soft • A slight texture gives depth • Clay doesn't set, so you can create patterns and textures |
More sustainable than most other wall plasters: | • Clay is a naturally abundant raw material • It doesn't have to be quarried • The processing of clay plasters is minimal • Apart from transport, there's relatively little embodied carbon |
Numerous health benefits: | • Clay plaster helps regulate the moisture inside a building • Helps mitigate allergies and asthmas • Helps offset the effects of formaldehydes and indoor pollutants |
The robustness of the material: | • The product is scientifically tested • Proven finish and durability • Transportable and widely available |
Clay plasters work with any type of construction
Clay plasters are now used all over the world in cities and in steel and modern buildings. However they have typically been used a lot in straw bale constructions and buildings with a lot of timber, due to their moisture-absorbing properties, and also in Passivhaus and other buildings where sustainable building products are key.
Furthermore, clay plaster helps to absorb odours and has very clear acoustic advantages, making it ideal for use in bathrooms and kitchens.
Materials can be beautiful as well as functional
Although their clay plasters were originally marketed on sustainability and health credentials, Clare says designers and architects have adopted them for their aesthetic qualities.
Clayworks' plasters are now being supplied to customers all over the world; Clare attributes this success to their ease of use and the fact they can be trusted to stay on the walls and hold patterns, sculptures and shapes. Commercially their clay plasters have been used to fit out of well-known chain restaurants and public buildings.
You don't need to paint clay plasters
Clare makes the point that although their clay plasters are a little more expensive than other wall finishes (starting at around £20 per m2), the overall cost is probably similar because:
- You never need to paint them
- They are through-pigmented, so you won't notice a discolouration if they become chipped
- They're easily repaired
Part of Clayworks' research included coming up with a very comprehensive range of colours using natural mineral pigments. Clare explains, "We make colours in a fairly infinite mix. We're always making up colours to people's specifications…we can do a lot of turquoises, blues, greens and we've even done pinks and purples over the years."
Different types of plaster have particular uses
Clay plasters are ideal for internal walls and ceilings throughout a house. The only areas to avoid would be wet rooms and exteriors, where Clare would recommend lime plasters, as they are more water repellent.
Clay plasters can also be used for feature walls and fronts of other surfaces such as kitchen interior bars and similar furniture-type applications.
If you can plaster, you can use clay plaster
Clare says you don't need specialist skills as clay plasters are applied like any other plaster; it just takes a little longer because the clay is a slightly different consistency.
There is a series of different layers and depending on the substrate, you would need different binders, which Clayworks supply. A base coat and topcoat then follow.
Any good plasterer can use their clay plasters to achieve a plain finish, and artisan plasterers would be able to create specialist textured or sculptural finishes.
Self-builders can learn how to use clay plaster
There are lots of resources and support available:
- Call the Clayworks technical team who can talk you through every aspect of how to apply the clay; the services, substrates, primers and the entire plaster build-up.
- Visit Clayworks' website for techniques and tips.
- Clayworks offer one-day training courses for professionals and novice plasterers.
- Self-help resources, such as Using Natural Finishes, can help you learn about the process of applying clay and lime.
- There's a network of recommended professionals who have been trained by Clayworks.
Find out more
Visit the website of Clayworks
Download a transcript of the interview with Clare Whitney


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In Colorado, the state's nearly $2 billion marijuana industry finally had a bad year. For the first time since legalization in 2014, sales declined, down more than 20%. Colorado Public Radio's Ben Markus reports it's a post-pandemic hangover.
BEN MARKUS, BYLINE: Just off the freeway in north Denver, among shabby looking warehouses, the slight smell of marijuana on the streets signals that this is the city's de facto marijuana farmland. It's freezing and dry outside, but inside one of these warehouses, it feels tropical - warm and bright and humid, filled with tall, green plants. This operation is owned by Matt Huron of Good Chemistry nurseries.
MATT HURON: You're looking at my 401(k) right now (laughter).
MARKUS: It is not cheap to build one of these. But much to his chagrin, Huron is now competing with a bunch of new grows. It all started when the pandemic lockdowns led to a boom in demand. For the first time, legal cannabis sales hit $2 billion in Colorado in 2020. Investment rushed into every level of the industry but especially grows.
HURON: Everyone saw the lines around the corner. Cannabis is pandemic-proof, right? Well, you know, it takes a good year and a half to build one of these things.
MARKUS: But by the time they opened, vaccines had become widespread. Pot lost some of its appeal as people weren't just sitting at home streaming Netflix anymore. Huron and the other Denver growers saw what was happening, and they pulled back production. But at the same time, counties all over Colorado had already approved new grows, like out in rural Crowley County, where Roy Elliott is a county commissioner.
ROY ELLIOTT: It's still a pretty sore subject in the county.
MARKUS: Colorado lets governments ban marijuana businesses. And like most rural counties, Crowley initially didn't allow grow houses.
ELLIOTT: Being mostly right-leaning county, a lot of people aren't too fond of marijuana grows.
MARKUS: But it's only got 6,000 residents, half of whom are inmates at the local private prison. In 2016, Crowley OK'd pot farms, but nothing materialized until the pandemic. And almost overnight, it became the eighth-largest producing county in Colorado.
ELLIOTT: It hit that boom after COVID, and I think too many people got into it.
MARKUS: Now Elliott says some of those grows are closing permanently, and many are still sitting on a lot of marijuana that hasn't hit the market yet, which means the supply glut will last into 2023. Christopher Stefan is a real estate broker who specializes in cannabis. He says that's bad because consumer demand never bounced back.
CHRISTOPHER STEFAN: You know, Black Friday used to be a big day for us, and it hit with a thud.
MARKUS: Marijuana tax collections have fallen by more than $90 million this year. It funds everything from school construction to addiction treatment. Stefan says during the pandemic, businesses were expanding rapidly, courted by big-money investors. Now, they're unraveling.
STEFAN: And now you're meeting with lawyers all day, and you're fighting your partners and your best friends.
MARKUS: Back in Denver at Matt Huron's grow warehouse, he says marijuana has become like the hyper competitive restaurant industry where some will do well...
HURON: ...And then there's a gazillion other guys that open up a restaurant, and they're out of business in a year. And that's really what the cannabis industry is now.
MARKUS: And just like a restaurant, Huron hopes to distinguish his Good Chemistry stores by focusing on quality, on proprietary marijuana he spent years cultivating, appealing to the discerning customer.
For NPR News, I'm Ben Markus in Denver. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.

subset: commoncrawl


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This entire blog, and all my ebooks, are uncopyrighted (since January 2008).
That means I've put them in the public domain, and released my copyright on all these works.
There is no need to email me for permission — use my content however you want! Email it, share it, reprint it with or without credit. Change it around, put in a bunch of swear words and attribute them to me. It's OK.
Attribution is appreciated but not required.
I'd prefer people buy my ebooks, but if they want to share with friends, they have every right to do so.
Why I'm releasing copyright
I'm not a big fan of copyright laws, especially as they're being applied by corporations, used to crack down on the little guys so they can continue their large profits.
Copyrights are often said to protect the artist, but in most cases the artist gets very little while the corporations make most of the money. In the 4+ years I've done this experiment, releasing copyright has not hurt me, the creator of the content, a single bit.
I think, in most cases, the protectionism that is touted by "anti-piracy" campaigns and lawsuits and lobbying actually hurts the artist. Limiting distribution to protect profits isn't a good thing.
The lack of copyright, and blatant copying by other artists and even businesses, never hurt Leonardo da Vinci when it comes to images such as the Mona Lisa, the Last Supper, or the Vitruvian Man. It's never hurt Shakespeare. I doubt that it's ever really hurt any artist (although I might just be ignorant here).
And while I'm certainly not da Vinci or Shakespeare, copyright hasn't helped me, and uncopyright hasn't hurt me. If someone feels like sharing my content on their blog, or in any other form for that matter, that's a good thing for me. If someone wanted to share my ebook with 100 friends, I don't see how that hurts me. My work is being spread to many more people than I could do myself. That's something to celebrate, as I see it.
And if someone wants to take my work and improve upon it, as artists have been doing for centuries, I think that's a wonderful thing. If they can take my favorite posts and make something funny or inspiring or thought-provoking or even sad … I say more power to them. The creative community only benefits from derivations and inspirations.
This isn't a new concept, of course, and I'm freely ripping ideas off here. Which is kinda the point.
Counter arguments
There are a number of objects that will likely be brought up to this idea, and here are a few of my responses:
1. Google rank will go down. My understanding is that Google penalizes pages that have exact duplicates on other sites, when it comes to PageRank. But in 4+ years of uncopyright, I have had no loss in PageRank. Anyway, SEO isn't important to me.
2. You'll lose ebook revenues. If people buy my ebook and then distribute it to 20 people, and each of those distributes it to 20 more, and those to 20 more … I've lost $76,000 in ebook revenues. Perhaps. That's if you agree with the assumption that all those people would have bought the ebook if it hadn't been freely distributed. I don't buy that. In this example, thousands of people are reading my work (and learning about Zen Habits) who wouldn't have otherwise. That's good for any content creator. Also: I've made more money since releasing copyright, by far, than when I had copyright.
3. Who knows what people will do with your work? Someone could take my work, turn it into a piece of crap, and put my name on it. They could translate it with all kinds of errors. They could … well, they could do just about anything. But that kind of thinking stems from a mind that wants to control content … while I am of the opinion that you can't control it, and even if you can, it's not a good thing. What if someone takes my work and turns it into something brilliant, and becomes the next James Joyce? Or more likely, what if they take the work and extend the concepts and make it even more useful, to even more people? Release control, and see what happens. People are wonderful, creative creatures. Let's see what they can do.
4. What if someone publishes a book with all your content and makes a million dollars off it? I hope they at least give me credit. And my deepest desire is that they give some of that money to a good cause.
5. But … they're stealing from you! You can't steal what is given freely. I call this sharing, not piracy.


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Processing time
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Buyers are responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply. I'm not responsible for delays due to customs.
Baby Mobile, Nursery Mobile, Baby Gift, Modern Hanging Mobile, Crib Mobile, Mid Century, Cot Mobile, Black , White and Blue
Babies love looking at bold contrasts – Black, white and bright primary colours.
Floating Art Mobiles have created a stunning new range of high contrast mobiles in shapes and colours that will fascinate even the most discerning baby :)
With the slightest breeze this mobile moves gently, creating a new shape each time, keeping your baby mesmerised.
A must have for your nursery.
Art in Motion.
Mobile Name : Blue and Bluebell
This Mobile has 10 hand sculpted shapes and 9 mobile arms.
Approx Mobile Measurements - 55cm across
37cm down
Each shape is individually hand made.
Made with utmost care and attention to detail.
Once cured - polymer clay is hardy and makes an excellent traveller.
My mobiles are hand made with coloured clay which adds to each mobile being unique.
Slight variances in appearance may occur.
Colours might display differently on different screens.
The mobile will be shipped in the form depicted.
** All International orders are tracked. Tracking numbers will be sent with dispatch notification **
Packaged flat and easy to post. Already assembled - find the perfect spot and enjoy.
Please keep out of reach of children.
Feel free to contact me for custom colours or designs.
*** All my mobiles are made to order - so please take note of dispatch time. Feel free to contact me should you require your mobile earlier and depending on work load, I can discuss the possibility of an earlier dispatch date. ***
2-3 weeks
Buyers are responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply. I'm not responsible for delays due to customs.
Just contact me within: 14 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 30 days of delivery
Buyers are responsible for return shipping costs. If the item is not returned in its original condition, the buyer is responsible for any loss in value.
Please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
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This Privacy Policy describes how and when I collect, use, and share information when you purchase an item from me, contact me, or otherwise use my services through Etsy.com or its related sites and services.
This Privacy Policy does not apply to the practices of third parties that I do not own or control, including Etsy or any third party services you access through Etsy. You can reference the Etsy Privacy Policy to learn more about its privacy practices.
To fulfil your order, you must provide me with certain information (which you authorised Etsy to provide to me), such as your name, email address, postal address and the details of the product that you're ordering. You may also choose to provide me with additional personal information (for a custom order), if you contact me directly.
I rely on a number of legal bases to collect, use, and share your information, including:
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Anne Collette Albert The Cottage Blaircessnock, Port of Menteith, FK8 3JZ Stirling Scotland UK


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Last Updated: January 5, 2017
Protecting your personal information is a priority for us. This privacy policy ("Policy") describes how RAM DENTAL, LLC (d/b/a Buford Family Dental), a Georgia limited liability company and its related companies (collectively, the "Company") collect, use and share personal information of consumer users of this website www.www.bufordfamilydental.com (the "Site"). This Policy also applies to any of our other websites that post the Policy.
We get information about you in a range of ways.
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We encourage you to review the privacy policy statements of any and all websites you choose to access that are linked to from our site so that you can also understand how those websites collect, use and share your information. We are not responsible for the privacy policies or other content on websites outside of our website.
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'…band members wanted: Must be into the Beatles, Buffalo Springfield and the Byrds…' This ad, placed in Los Angeles The Recycler, a classified newspaper used to sell cars, pets, stereo equipment, etc., was the instrumental ingredient that helped launch the career of the then soon-to-be singer/guitarist for the Bengals – Susanna Hoffs. Combining an avant-garde mélange of pop and rock, the band was to become one of the most popular precursors of the "riot grrl" movement. Despite their success, the constant threat of being taken more seriously for their appearance than their music and over-exposure by FM radio and the video channels caused the Bengals to disband in 1989. Subsequently, Susanna Hoffs moved on to pursue a successful solo career as a singer as well as an actress.
Categories: Conversations, Features


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If you've always wanted to learn how to program a computer, or to learn the widely used C++ programming language in particular, C++ Without Fear, Second Edition, offers an ideal way to get you started.
Written with the same approach that earned the first edition rave reviews, the author first emphasizes short, simple examples that are easy to enter; then, within a couple of chapters, he has you creating useful utilities, playing games, and using the computer to solve interesting puzzles. His approach is a welcome departure from many programming texts, which quickly get bogged down in complex and sometimes meaningless examples. You'll find here, patiently explained and clearly illustrated, everything you need to learn programming quickly, and to have fun doing it!
Yes, programming can be a complex task, and C++ is a language often used by professionals. In fact, many of the coolest games, graphics, and Internet applications are created with C++, and it's even been used on the Mars rovers. But the language, like the monster pictured on the cover, need not be all that fearsome. Broken down to its essentials, and enhanced by simple examples, practical exercises, and the whys and tricks behind each language feature, you'll be amazed at the rapid progress you can make.
With C++ Without Fear, Second Edition, you will
While compatible with nearly every version of the C++ language, this second edition has been updated to cover important features of the newest and greatest C++ standard (C++0x). In addition, it now includes
Whether you wish to learn C++ programming for pleasure, or you're considering a career in programming, this book is an outstanding choice.
C++ Software
To run the programs included in this book, and to create your own, you will need a C++ compiler. Some compilers are available commercially, such as Microsoft's Visual C++. Others are available for free. Although availability changes from time to time, as we went to press, a free compiler for Windows may be downloaded from the following website, using the instructions given there:
Please note that, whereas the book is intended to be compatible with a wide range of standard C++ compilers, we cannot guarantee compatibility with every compiler you might come across, especially older ones. Nor can we guarantee that the compiler linked to above is free from defect. The link is provided simply as a good place to start in your search for a compiler that works for you, and one that doesn't cost anything.
Code Examples and Answers to the Exercises
C++ source code for the examples in the book and answers to the exercises related to those examples, organized by chapter, can be found here.
Choosing Between References and Pointers in C++
Choosing the Right Algorithm in C++
Implementing Feature X in C++, Part 1
Implementing Feature X in C++, Part 2
Top Ten Tips for Correct C++ Coding
Download the sample pages (includes Chapter 4 and Index)
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxix
About the Author xxxi
Chapter 1: Your First C++ Programs 1
Thinking Like a Programmer 1
What's Different About C++? 7
Building a C++ Program 8
Installing Your Own C++ Compiler 10
Advancing to the Next Print Line 16
Storing Data: C++ Variables 19
Introduction to Data Types 20
A Word about Variable Names and Keywords 28
Chapter 1 Summary 30
Chapter 2: Decisions, Decisions 33
But First, a Few Words about Data Types 33
Decision Making in Programs 34
Introducing Loops 43
True and False in C++ 50
The Increment Operator (++) 51
Statements vs. Expressions 52
Introducing Boolean (Short-Circuit) Logic 53
Introducing the Math Library 57
Chapter 2 Summary 64
Chapter 3: The Handy, All-Purpose "for" Statement 67
Loops Used for Counting 67
Introducing the "for" Loop 68
A Wealth of Examples 70
Compound Statements (Blocks) with "for" 74
Declaring Loop Variables on the Fly 74
Comparative Languages 101: The Basic "For" Statement 79
Chapter 3 Summary 80
Chapter 4: Functions: Many Are Called 83
The Concept of Function 83
The Basics of Using Functions 85
Local and Global Variables 93
Recursive Functions 95
Games and More Games 113
Chapter 4 Summary 115
Chapter 5: Arrays: All in a Row... 117
A First Look at C++ Arrays 117
Initializing Arrays 119
Zero-Based Indexing 119
Strings and Arrays of Strings 128
A Word to the Wise 141
2-D Arrays: Into the Matrix 142
Chapter 5 Summary 143
Chapter 6: Pointers: Getting a Handle on Data 145
What the Heck Is a Pointer, Anyway? 145
The Concept of Pointer 146
Declaring and Using Pointers 148
Swap: Another Function Using Pointers 155
Pointer Arithmetic 161
Pointers and Array Processing 163
Chapter 6 Summary 168
Chapter 7: Strings: Analyzing the Text 169
Text Storage on the Computer 169
It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got That String 171
String-Manipulation Functions 172
Reading String Input 178
Individual Characters vs. Strings 185
The New C++ String Type 189
Other Operations on the string Type 193
Chapter 7 Summary 194
Chapter 8: Files: Electronic Storage 197
Introducing File-Stream Objects 197
How to Refer to Disk Files 199
Text Files vs. "Binary" Files 206
Introducing Binary Operations 208
Chapter 8 Summary 217
Chapter 9: Some Advanced Programming Techniques 221
Command-Line Arguments 221
Function Overloading 227
The do-while Loop 230
The switch-case Statement 232
Multiple Modules 234
Exception Handling: I Take Exception to That! 237
Chapter 9 Summary 240
Chapter 10: New Features of C++0x 243
Overview of C++0x Features 243
The long long Type (not long long long) 244
Range-Based "for" (For Each) 256
The auto and decltype Keywords 261
The nullptr Keyword 262
Strongly Typed Enumerations 263
Raw String Literals 273
Chapter 10 Summary 273
Chapter 11: Introducing Classes: The Fraction Class 277
Object Orientation: Quasi-Intelligent Data Types 277
Point: A Simple Class 279
Private: Members Only (Protecting the Data) 281
Introducing the Fraction Class 286
Inline Functions 289
Find the Greatest Common Factor 291
Find the Lowest Common Denominator 292
Chapter 11 Summary 305
Chapter 12: Constructors: If You Build It… 307
Introducing Constructors 307
Multiple Constructors (Overloading) 309
C++0x Only: Initializing Members within a Class 309
The Default Constructor–and a Warning 310
C++0x Only: Delegating Constructors 313
C++0x Only: Consistent Initialization 314
Reference Variables and Arguments (&) 321
The Copy Constructor 323
A Constructor from String to Fract 329
Chapter 12 Summary 331
Chapter 13: Operator Functions: Doing It with Class 333
Introducing Class Operator Functions 333
Operator Functions as Global Functions 336
Improve Efficiency with References 338
Working with Other Types 348
The Class Assignment Function (=) 349
The Test-for-Equality Function (==) 350
A Class "Print" Function 351
C++0x Only: User-Defined Literals 357
Chapter 13 Summary 360
Chapter 14: Dynamic Memory and the String Class 363
Dynamic Memory: The "new" Keyword 363
Objects and "new" 365
Allocating Multiple Data 366
Introducing Class Destructors 370
"Deep" Copying and the Copy Constructor 376
The "this" Keyword 378
Revisiting the Assignment Operator 379
Writing a Concatenation Function 380
Chapter 14 Summary 387
Chapter 15: Two Complete OOP Examples 389
Introducing Linked Lists 389
Tower of Hanoi, Animated 402
Chapter 15 Summary 411
Chapter 16: Easy Programming with STL 413
Introducing the List Template 413
Designing an RPN Calculator 422
Correct Interpretation of Angle Brackets 432
Chapter 16 Summary 432
Chapter 17: Inheritance: What a Legacy 435
How to Subclass 435
Problems with the FloatFraction Class 440
C++ Only: Inheriting Base-Class Constructors 441
Protected Members 445
Object Containment 447
Safe Inheritance Through Class Hierarchies 448
Chapter 17 Summary 451
Chapter 18: Polymorphism: Object Independence 453
A Different Approach to the FloatFraction Class 453
Virtual Functions to the Rescue! 454
C++ Only: Requiring Explicit Overrides 460
"Pure Virtual" and Other Abstract Matters 461
Abstract Classes and Interfaces 462
Object Orientation and I/O 464
A Final Word (or Two) 470
A Final, Final Word 472
Chapter 18 Summary 472
Appendix A: Operators 475
The Scope (::) Operator 478
The sizeof Operator 478
Old and New Style Type Casts 479
Integer vs. Floating-Point Division 480
Bitwise Operators (&, |, ^, ~, <<, and >>) 480
Conditional Operator 481
Assignment Operators 482
Join (,) Operator 482
Appendix B: Data Types 483
Precision of Data Types 484
Data Types of Numeric Literals 485
String Literals and Escape Sequences 486
Two's Complement Format for Signed Integers 487
Appendix C: Syntax Summary 491
Basic Expression Syntax 491
Basic Statement Syntax 492
Control Structures and Branch Statements 493
Variable Declarations 498
Function Declarations 500
Class Declarations 502
Enum Declarations 503
Appendix D: Preprocessor Directives 505
The #define Directive 505
The ## Operator (Concatenation) 507
The defined Function 507
The #elif Directive 507
The #endif Directive 508
The #error Directive 508
The #if Directive 508
The #ifdef Directive 509
The #ifndef Directive 510
The #include Directive 510
The #line Directive 511
The #undef Directive 511
Predefined Constants 511
Appendix E: ASCII Codes 513
Appendix F: Standard Library Functions 517
String (C-String) Functions 517
Data-Conversion Functions 517
Single-Character Functions 517
Math Functions 520
Randomization Functions 521
Time Functions 521
Formats for the strftime Function 523
Appendix G: I/O Stream Objects and Classes 525
Console Stream Objects 525
I/O Stream Manipulators 526
Input Stream Functions 528
Output Stream Functions 528
File I/O Functions 529
Appendix H: STL Classes and Objects 531
The STL String Class 531
The <list> Template 533
The <stack> Template 535
Appendix I: Glossary of Terms 537
Index 553


text: The E5AS, equipped with our patented AsyMatrix® technology, is optimized for hot tap water production in boilers. Compared with symmetric heat exchangers, the E5AS presents a much lower pressure drop. It is also thermally long, making it particularly suitable for condensing boiler systems. The E5AS has an All-Active plate pack with front and back plates that give mechanical stability while remaining active heat transfer plates. This enables the E5AS to transfer more heat using less material.


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White - Snap-Up Shirt in Pima Cotton
- Regular price
- Regular price
- Sale price
- Unit price
- per
This Pima Cotton snap-up newborn shirt is perfect for a new mom. It gives you all the confidence you need when changing your little bundle of joy on the first few months of learning to be a mom.
Pima Cotton is softer than soft. Think of regular cotton but with better fibers. The reason pima is more sought after than standard material is because it lasts longer and is softer to the touch. In fact, the fibers in pima is 50 percent longer than regular materials, making this type extra soft since it's made up of the fluffiest part of the bulb.
Size chart
Size chart
Care Instructions
Care Instructions
•Machine Wash: You can machine wash Pima Cotton, but we recommend that you set your machine to 30°C on the gentle cycle and to wash your garment inside out to prevent fading. Always separate coloured and whites to avoid colour transfer in the wash. We don't recommend using fabric softener as it can also cause the colour to fade.
•Drying: Pima Cotton can be air-dried or machine dried using a low heat. We recommend air drying as it will help make the garment last longer and prevent any unwanted shrinking. If you are tempted to put into the dryer, make sure to remove it before the garment is completely dry and complete the drying process by laying flat on a clean surface to finish the drying process.
•Ironing: Ironing can be avoided by simply air-drying your garment. We recommend removing it immediately from the washing machine, re-shaping the garment if needed. If you need to iron the garment, use a cool setting.
•Storing: We recommend storing our garments by hanging them in a wardrobe.


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Information Possibly Outdated
The information presented on this page was originally released on June 28, 2012. It may not be outdated, but please search our site for more current information. If you plan to quote or reference this information in a publication, please check with the Extension specialist or author before proceeding.
MSU announces dates for food safety training
MISSISSIPPI STATE – The Mississippi State University Extension Service is helping those who want to sell processed foods at Mississippi-certified farmers' markets get the training they need.
The General Farmers' Market Food Safety Training two-hour workshop will be offered on these dates:
- July 16 in Batesville at the Panola County Extension office at 9:30 a.m.
- July 16 in Indianola at the Capps Center at 2 p.m.
- July 18 in Jackson at the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Museum's Ethnic Building at 10 a.m.
- July 18 in Philadelphia at the Neshoba County Extension office at 2:30 p.m.
- July 20 in Hattiesburg at the Forrest County Extension office at 10:30 a.m.
- July 26 in Verona at the North Mississippi Research and Extension Center at 10 a.m.
Sign-in will begin 30 minutes before each training session.
This course teaches basic food safety and regulations for processing foods in Mississippi. Topics include food handling, sanitation and hygiene, fresh cut fruits and vegetables and temperature of foods offered as samples.
The course is required for vendors who wish to sell processed foods at local, certified farmers' markets. Vendors who have an updated and valid ServSafe certification from the Mississippi State Department of Health are not required to attend this workshop.
This training is free, but preregistration is requested at least three days before the scheduled workshop. Online registration is available at http://fsnhp.msstate.edu/events/farmersmarkettraining/, or call Anna Hood at (662) 325-8056.
This training is supported by a grant from the Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Specialty Crop Block Grant Program, the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station and MSU's Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion.


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Lemonade from Lemons Mommy Style
We've all done it – you know, made a bad situation better. We pull out our "Mommy Capes" and race head-long into trouble with a prayer that the Lord will help us figure it out, and quick!
The one incident that comes immediately to mind is the time we planned to go river rafting in North Florida, in early August. The national park was beautiful and we had enjoyed a wonderful weekend of camping. Other than my children getting in trouble for feeding the deer with my delicious fruit salad, the week-end had gone without a hitch. The weather was hot but beautiful under the shade trees and if you wonder – yes, we have air-conditioning in our "pop-up" trailer, a microwave and mini-frig.
This camping trip included my brother and his wife. She wasn't the camping type but then, I assured her either was I! I knew she would enjoy it if she just gave it a try. Well, that was before the river-rafting trip.
We had just rented our large rafts from what we thought was a reputable place and two minutes down the road my brother's raft was flat as a pancake atop his SUV. We called to alert him of the fact and we both pulled over to the shoulder. A quick trip back to the seller, with us following, yielded disappointing results. The vendor would not replace the raft nor refund our money. What to do! We had paid cash. The weather at that point looked ominous and the rain clouds were pouring in at an alarming rate. This park was 8 hours from where I lived so a trip back would not happen in the near future. The kids knew this.
I felt the Lord had protected us from being out on the river in a bad storm. I had peace.
My brother and sister-in-law, not so much.
They ranted at the sales person and it was so bad, my husband walked back to our car. I had stayed in the car with the kids and began to lead them in a prayer. For our disappointment, and for this unethical vendor!
We had already packed up our gear, and after the rafting trip we had planned to head home. It appeared our trip home would begin a bit earlier than we planned. I called my brother (whatever would we do without cell phones) and told him it was futile. This wasn't the type of business you could report to a business bureau! My brother finally convinced his wife to let it go, and we were on the road again. The kids were disappointed, yes we could have continued without my brother but then it was not setting a good example. Family sticks together.
He who pursues righteousness and loyalty Finds life, righteousness and honor. Proverbs 21:21.
I asked my brother to meet us on a particular exit that I knew had soft-serve ice-cream and I alerted the children that a surprise was in store up-ahead. Ice-cream is not an equal substitute for river-rafting, but they saw the benefit. It was nothing as opposed to something! By this time my sister-in-law and brother had calmed down and they realized the storm was heading our way rapidly and we definitely would be drenched if we had ventured out into the river.
Big hugs from my kids and a thank-you made it all better – for me anyway.
This situation is something I've wanted to share with others, but the opportunity never came up until now! I'm speaking at the Mommy Jammies Night, with host, LaToya Edwards on February 11 at 9PM. The link will be posted here after the event. For now – visit the Mommy Jammies Night page for details.
How have your turned a bad situation into a good one? Share with us! We all need the encouragement.


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Are you new to Subaru's? Legacies? or Forum's? This is the place for all the newcomers
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


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Develop A Group Benefits Program For Your Business
Employers want to attract the best people to their companies, and the right benefits program is a great way to do that. Benefits can also help your business retain important personnel. There are always concerns about the bottom line, and any benefits program you put in place must be cost-effective. Essentially, you want to get the best group benefits program possible at the lowest cost.
Business owners often face fierce competition for good employees, so they must be competitive in the benefits they offer. We do all we can to make developing a group benefits program as stress-free and hassle-free as possible.
You may be looking for ways to reduce overhead for your company, especially if health insurance, dental insurance, life insurance, or other group benefits are all parts of your group benefits program you already have in place. Our agency works with many local company owners and their HR managers to develop the right group benefits programs. We can assist with all types of group benefits, including health, dental, vision, life insurance, disability insurance, health savings accounts, and many other more advanced benefit programs based upon the size, scope, and needs of the business owners.
It can be overwhelming to try to sort out what group benefits program would work best. Business owners are inundated with email and phone calls from vendors that make big promises. Skip the hassle and speak directly with us so we can find the best possible group benefit program for your business at the right price. We keep an eye on your bottom line. As local business owners ourselves, we have personal insight into the realities of doing business and the importance of keeping the costs as low as possible.
If you want to get honest answers from a local agency who will work closely with you, call us. We would be happy to speak with you about developing a group benefits program for your business.


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Orange Date Nut Honey Jelly from Honeyberry Farm in 8 oz. and 2 oz. jars.
Award-winning jellies are 80-90% honey with the texture and spread of a smooth jelly.
The taste is a flavorful sensation of honey mixed with the smooth texture of jelly—eliminating the "drippy mess" usually associated with eating honey.


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Since 1992, the MAC Community Relations Office has operated one of the most sophisticated and comprehensive computerized aircraft noise and flight track data collection and processing systems of its kind. MACNOMS (MAC Noise and Operations Monitoring System) provides a cost-effective tool to help MAC staff analyze aircraft noise impacts around MSP and provide public access to flight tracking and detailed aircraft noise data. Community Relations Office staff are able to make informed decisions about aircraft noise and operations impacts and assess specific operations in a timely way. Community members can access near real-time flight operations information and can review detailed historical information at their convenience.
MACNOMS data collection, processing and analysis and reporting tools are made up of customized software programs and instruments that provide system flexibility to conduct detailed analyses and reporting of aircraft operations and associated noise. The system does this by fusing aircraft flight tracks, aircraft operator information, Remote Noise Monitoring Tower (RMT) noise measurements, geographic information, and information on other variables that influence aircraft operations (e.g., weather). The system was most recently validated in 2014 and a copy of the validation study can be found here: MACNOMS Validation Study 2014.
The MACNOMS system can be broken down into four main components: data collection, data processing, data analysis and publication, and community tools for accessing data. These components are described in more detail below.
Data Collection
Aircraft Flight Tracking
MACNOMS collects flight track data through a multi-sensor surveillance data feed available for the U.S. National Airspace System. The data feed is a fusion of multiple data collection services, including data from a privately-owned network of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) sensors, FAA en route and terminal secondary surveillance data, FAA Airport Surface Detection Equipment Model X (ASDE-X) data, FAA Wide Area Multilateration (WAM) data, and FAA flight plan data.
The MAC has an agreement with an external secure data-handler to provide the merged data feed for flights operating within a 40-mile area around the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport (MSP) and extending to a height of 20,000 feet. This surveillance area covers all seven MAC-owned airports. The data-handler provides the MAC with a nightly file of the previous day's flight data as well as a real-time feed that is updated every second. This allows for a "near-real-time" streaming flight tracking capability on the macnoise.com FlightTracker application. The MAC is required by law to delay showing real-time flight data for at least 1 minute.
The technology being used to collect and process flight data provides a high level of accuracy, quick data update rates, expansive coverage and superb reliability when compared to traditional flight tracking systems.
Aircraft Noise Monitoring and Measuring
The MAC's system of 39 Remote Monitoring Towers (RMT) is one of the most extensive permanent aircraft noise monitoring systems in the world. This system monitors noise events continuously in communities surrounding MSP.
Each RMT site consists of laboratory-quality noise monitoring equipment that includes a noise analyzer, a preamplifier and a measurement microphone. This equipment undergoes annual calibration and certification by an independent accredited laboratory.
The analyzer in each RMT monitors noise levels continuously utilizing slow response with A-weighting as directed by the Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR Part 150). The analyzer is set to detect an event when the sound pressure level (SPL) reaches 65 dBA and records an event when the SPL remains at or above 63 dBA for at least eight seconds. These measured noise events are downloaded daily and correlated with flight tracks to determine whether the noise source was an aircraft event or a community event.
Each RMT has an "area of influence," which can be thought of as a cylinder surrounding it. The size of the area of influence varies based on the location of the RMT. If an aircraft flies through the area of influence and correlates with the time of a noise event then the event is determined to be caused by the aircraft. When multiple aircraft correlate to the same noise event, the aircraft that is known to produce louder events is correlated with the event. If there is no aircraft in the area of influence during the noise event window of time, the event is determined to be caused by a source within the community.
Data Processing
Much of MACNOMS is built using publicly available open-source software. The internal and external data access is made possible through customization of the open-source software, which increases data analysis flexibility and publication capabilities.
Flight track spatial data and measured aircraft noise data are stored in MACNOMS. The data are processed each night to correlate aircraft operations and associated noise through the "Noise-to-Track" process, which determines which noise events are associated with each MSP arrival and departure.
Data Analysis and Publication
Other MACNOMS data processes tag aircraft events to specific airports, establish runway use, determine compliance with noise abatement procedures, and calculate noise impacts with various metrics such as Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL), Time Above, and Number Above.
MACNOMS data and tools have proven to be valuable for investigating specific aircraft operations and associated noise. MAC Community Relations Office staff are able to analyze flight data and aircraft noise to identify trends, view activity for specific locations, research runway use and fleet mix information, and to conduct sophisticated modeling and analyses associated with environmental assessments, planning studies, and aircraft flight procedure monitoring and development.
MAC Community Relations Office staff also are able to retrieve and investigate submitted complaints, and track aircraft noise complaint trends through a specialized web-based application called Aircraft Noise Complaint and Communications Record System (ANCCRS). ANCCRS provides MAC staff with a comprehensive suite of internally-used noise complaint investigation tools. Complaint details and communication records are stored for each address recorded. The ANCCRS mapping function integrates spatial flight track and geographical complaint location information and displays weather, flight activity, aircraft noise events and documented aircraft maintenance run-ups that occurred during the reported complaint date and time. ANCCRS will also display other complaint locations if there are any that were filed during the reported time period.
Community Tools for Accessing Data
The Interactive Reports tool provides options for the public to view arrival and departure information, runway use statistics, aircraft fleet mix, and aircraft noise data for specified dates and times that are indicated by the user.
The MAC FlightTracker web tool allows users to investigate and research aircraft operations at all of the MAC-owned airports. The FlightTracker viewing options provide flexibility for accessing flight data through any updated internet browsers, and include static flight track maps, variable animated replay of aircraft activity, and streaming flight activity (with 10 minutes of delay).
Members of the community who wish to noise information are able to do so easily and conveniently through the customized web-based form provided on the Community Relations Office website. The data entered by the community member go directly into the MACNOMS database.
The MAC's commitment to the community is demonstrated by its investment in delivering high-quality data through user-friendly tools. MACNOMS makes it possible for the public to access detailed aircraft operations data in a timely way through convenient methods.
For more information about MACNOMS, please contact the MAC Community Relations Office staff at 612-726-9411 or via the Contact Us web form.


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ASCE Collaborate has switched to a new platform called Thrive.
We appreciate your patience during the transition. What is Thrive? View more information here. Any questions or feedback? Please contact [email protected]. View Video Tutorials here.
An ASCE membership login is required to participate in discussion forums and ASCE Mentor Match.
shifting gears...
ACI (American Concrete Institute) has very interesting system that engage teams to solve unimaginable solutions from the student perspective (EPD Competition). It is being ruled/run/governed by ACI Committee S802, which I also help them with to solve some conflicting requirements in 2012 of Shear Vs Longitudinal Reinforcement considerations. I think ASCE has the bridge competition too!
Those activities "Competitive-Based Learning" ...
''Competition Based Learning" is essentially project-based learning, still involving teams of students in an open-ended assignment resembling a scaled down version of a problem they may encounter in their career; the added twist is accounting for the performance of the resulting specimen during final project testing with respect to other groups in the course. The hope is to generate motivation in the students to have the best overall project and eliminate the tendency of just doing enough to get by. This paper highlights the use of a project similar to the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Egg Protection Device (EPD) Competition in lieu of a traditional laboratory format in a Reinforced Concrete Design course. The project includes design, analysis, and laboratory components and eliminates the two primary downfalls of a traditional laboratory course by using teams of two students and minimizing the amount of information given on the front end. While some students do make solid efforts to learn on their own, there have been very few that have successfully mastered the complexity of that calculation, considering the number of unknowns and the support configurations of the EPD. Competition Based Learning- Dr. Chris Carroll, University of Louisiana.
Paper ID #6233 Competition Based Learning in the Classroom Dr. Chris Carroll, University of Louisiana, Lafayette Dr. Carroll is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. His primary area of expertise is in reinforced and prestressed concrete. He also has an interest in engineering education at both the college and K-12 levels. Dr. Carroll serves as a voting member on ACI Committee S802 - Teaching Methods and Educational Materials and is a consulting member to the ASCE Pre-College Outreach Committee. He is also actively involved with engineering outreach at the K-12 level. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Page 23.313.1
Competition Based Learning in the Classroom Introduction Traditional engineering courses at most universities have been taught for decades with a 3-hour lecture format, usually meeting for either three 50-minute lectures, or two 75-minute lectures each week. In both formats, the course is generally taught with passive, abstract (theoretical), verbal, and sequential teaching styles, in other words, the instructor presents the material with little time for experimentation or reflection, generally spending a significant amount of class time discussing theory, using chalk or dry erase markers and other forms of verbal communication, in a very step-by-step progression, where preceding topics are built upon throughout the duration of the course. Engineering education researchers have shown these styles of teaching to contradict the learning styles of most engineering students, who are generally active, sensory, visual, and sequential learners [1]. As a result, the awareness in the engineering community has risen in recent years and a number of techniques have been introduced to help instructors tailor their courses to incorporate most, if not all learning styles of the students. Within the past decade, a push for learner-centered teaching environments [2] has become more and more prevalent throughout all of academia. Learner-centered teaching approaches encourage instructors to relent some control of their respective courses, allowing students the opportunity to be more interactive during class. It can be intimidating to both young and experienced instructors, who likely took those traditional engineering lecture-based courses during their education. In the modern classroom, instructors familiar with some of the newer techniques are now more likely to use a quick, in-class problem, or a three-dimensional figure, or a prop, spend less time on theoretical discussion and more time on application, and attempt to showcase the end goal prior to beginning the step-by-step process of presenting the material. In addition to the subtle changes an instructor can make in class, a number of other options exist taking the learner-centered teaching approach to another level. The most common methods are problem and project-based learning techniques. Both provide more open-ended types of experiences for students, but also require more upfront organization from the instructor. Problem-based learning exercises are generally open-ended, real-world problems worked out in teams where the instructor simply facilitates and monitors progress. Project-based learning exercises are similar, but usually include more than one task that leads to a final product, also worked out in teams [3]. In most cases project-based learning exercises are lengthier and are evaluated by some form of a final report. In the traditional civil engineering curriculum, undergraduate students take courses with both lecture and laboratory formats. While the lecture courses provide the opportunity for students to absorb new information, the purpose of a laboratory is to expose students to the physical problems associated with a course and reinforce course content. The traditional type of laboratory has well-planned experiments, typically containing step-by-step guides leading the students through each experiment. Generally in groups of four or five, students in-turn conduct the experiment, regurgitate the results, and prepare a laboratory report, arguably fulfilling ABET student outcome (b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as analyze and interpret data. It is possible, however, that these cookie cutter laboratory experiments, in fact, Page 23.313.2
------------------------------Andre Newinski S.E., A.M.ASCEEngenheiro EstruturalANSanto Angelo------------------------------
Creativity is the key Mitchell!!!
Using philosophy can give you direction in order to find the path to the best solution!
I think "thinking" is relevant, but also intuition will play a major role in reinvent the wheel!
SEI President Glenn Bell on the Vision for the Future of Structural Engineering
Glenn Bell is about inspiration! please see it (23 minutes). We need to act and stop to use building codes that are extensive in prescription, because if it is combined with A.I and Automation it can threat & compromise the SE Profession! So we need to think for Engineers to exist in the Future. Put the Human mind and value behind the machine. We do not must follow protocols, but this would be a new enlightenment to a better future (use imagination)!
If you work with Structural Art you might consider to test every structure in a "real scale" before it's final existence and empirically adapt next models to best performance possible while it can certainly enable evolution of your work trigged by creativity and some potential ideas. Robert Maillart (16 February 1872 – 5 April 1940) was a Swiss civil engineer who revolutionized the use of structural reinforced concrete with such designs ... and a fair example of what I am saying (progressivism)! There is Jörg Schlaich also in the area!
Final Answer:
*It would require to be less dependent of prescriptive materials in my view and try to incorporate some performance objectives, it's kind of doing and testing, experimental experiences - this is very enthusiastic mode while solving for the ill-structured problems that we have in the world today. All it requires is out-of-box thinking, and innovation some times but essentially human values and Art at the Core...
One of my favorites philosophies to approach problem solve is progressivism!
This video show how it apply in the early time students!
" Your ideas, Tested in the World! "
PROGRESSIVISM in Education - Philosophical Foundations of Education
I am a also a Visual Learner ...so it is expected to see some vibrant material in next post too!! :)


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About Journals
Text Queensland features long runs of journals and serials as well as selected journal articles:
Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland
This journal is the longest running serial publication devoted to the study of Queensland's history. Its focus has altered from an early concentration on pioneers, politicians and development to a wider appreciation of the factors shaping Queensland's history.
Date range: 1914-94.
Political Chronicles - Queensland
An annual and (from 1997) bi-annual summary of political events in Queensland written for the Australian journal of politics and history. The best starting point for Queensland politics in this period.
Date range: since 1955
The Shearers' record
A monthly journal published by the Amalgamated Shearers' Union of Australasia featuring Australian labour, union and shearing history.
Date range: 1888-93
The Cane Toad Times
A satirical humour magazine based in Brisbane, Queensland.
Date range: 1977-78
John Oxley journal: a bulletin for historical research in Queensland
Re-named for the specialist Queensland studies library established within the State Library of Queensland, it ran for only two years. It was preceded by Queensland heritage 1964-79.
Date range: 1980-81
See also:
- Pugh's Almanac (1859-1927)
- Queensland Government Gazette (1859-1900)


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Psychiatric Hospitals
By the early 2000s the North Carolina Division of Mental Health, Disabilities, and Substance Abuse Services operated four psychiatric hospitals for care of people with mental illnesses, each serving a specific region of the state. Dorothea Dix Hospital, in Raleigh, the state's oldest psychiatric institution, served residents of North Carolina's south-central region; John Umstead Hospital, in Butner, the north-central region; Cherry Hospital, in Goldsboro, the eastern region; and Broughton Hospital, in Morganton, the western region. Before these hospitals appeared beginning in the mid-1800s, North Carolinians suffering from many forms of mental illness were kept at home, sent to private out-of-state facilities, or held in local jails. Many people had a superstitious fear of the mental illness, and although the state authorized the courts to appoint guardians who would protect the property of people with mental illnesses, their care remained the responsibility of individual families.
In the nineteenth century, state psychiatric hospitals offered little more than beds and food for people with mental illnesses, alcoholics, and developmental disabilities. In 1909 former psychiatric patient Clifford Beers (1876-1943) established the National Committee for Mental Hygiene (now the National Association for Mental Health) as part of his crusade to improve the care of people with mental illness. The North Carolina branch of the foundation was formed in 1914, and the advent of modern mental health care in North Carolina can be traced from this date. After state legislators changed commitment law in 1973 to permit the involuntary hospitalization of people imminently dangerous to themselves or others, psychiatric hospitals began to treat more involuntary patients with a history of violence.
Although the General Assembly considered building a hospital for people with mental illnesses in 1825, 1838-39, and 1844, it was only when nurse and social reformer Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802-87) addressed the lawmakers in 1848 that funding for a hospital was set aside. By 1851 a tract of 182 acres just west of Raleigh had been acquired, and planning for the Dix facility was begun. State appropriations and several bonds funded construction of the first building, a Romanesque structure with a large central section and two wings designed by prominent New York architect Alexander T. Davis. A second building, containing a kitchen, bakery, and apartments for staff, was soon added. This was the first public building in Raleigh to have steam heat and gas lighting. Dorothea Dix refused to have the hospital named after her but agreed to the designation of the site on which it was located as "Dix Hill," in memory of her physician grandfather, Elijah Dix.
The hospital began admitting patients in 1856. Over the years, its mental heath services expanded and additional buildings were constructed. In 1902 the Dorothea Dix School of Nursing was established. By the mid-twentieth century, the hospital occupied 1,248 acres, much of them left as forest. In 1959 the name of the facility was changed to Dorothea Dix Hospital, in memory of the woman who had been essential to its founding.
By 1974 the Dix complex had grown to 282 buildings on 2,354 acres, plus 1,300 acres of farmland; patient capacity was 2,756. Over the next several decades, however, demand for long-term hospitalization for people with mental illnesses declined as out-patient care was emphasized. In addition, other state hospitals and private institutions offered mental health services that were closer and more convenient for many citizens. By the early 2000s, Dix Hospital had 120 buildings and occupied a 425-acre tract, accommodating a maximum of 682 patients. The hospital's approximately $60 million annual budget was supported by state and federal funds as well as patient fees.
By 1875 it was recognized that citizens with mental illnesses in western North Carolina were underserved, and in March of that year the General Assembly provided funds to build a second state hospital, the Western North Carolina Insane Asylum, in Morganton. Patients began to be admitted in 1883, with about 100 individuals transported by railroad from the overcrowded Raleigh facility. The hospital grew, with many buildings added through the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and various new therapies became available to patients. The name of the hospital, which had been changed in 1890 to the State Hospital at Morganton, officially became Broughton Hospital in 1959 in honor of Governor J. Melville Broughton. In the early 2000s the facility served about 3,600 patients.
In 1877 the General Assembly appointed a committee to recommend the selection of a site for a facility that would serve African American citizens with mental illnesses statewide. On 11 Apr. 1878, 171 acres were purchased two miles west of Goldsboro. On 1 Aug. 1880 the first patient was admitted to the new Asylum for Colored Insane; in 1959 the name was changed to Cherry Hospital in honor of Governor Gregg Cherry. Cherry Hospital was the only facility in the state for African American people with mental illnesses until 1965, when the hospital was desegregated following the 1964 Civil Rights Act. As of the early 2000s Cherry Hospital cared for hundreds of patients from 33 counties in eastern North Carolina.
John Umstead Hospital, built on the site of an old prisoner-of-war compound, began admitting patients in 1947. Its mission has been to treat people with mental illnesses efficiently and successfully and help them return to their homes and communities. By the early 2000s Umstead Hospital maintained a research and educational program to promote knowledge of mental health issues.
In the 1960s and 1970s North Carolina used federal funds to open a number of community mental health clinics to relieve the overcrowded state psychiatric hospitals. Part of the national "deinstitutionalization" trend, the state's goal became treating the majority of patients within their communities rather than in long-term institutions. By the late 1980s, however, it had become clear that many local facilities were either inadequate or nonexistent, funding was unevenly distributed, and several areas relied on rest homes for the elderly to absorb the deinstitutionalized population. As a result of these trends, a reevaluation and downsizing of the state mental health programs was undertaken. The populations of the four state psychiatric hospitals decreased from approximately 10,000 in 1964 to 2,700 by 1989. As patient populations continued to shrink at state hospitals, physicians began to offer more sophisticated treatments. By 2006, in addition to the state psychiatric hospitals, several area programs provided a variety of services for North Carolinians with mental illness. These services included assessment, diagnosis, and treatment plans, individual and group therapy, help with financial or housing problems, daytime social or employment programs, and crisis intervention. Dorothea Dix Hospital, once the cornerstone of psychiatric care in the state, was scheduled to be closed in 2007.
Clark R. Cahow, People, Patients, and Politics: The History of the North Carolina Mental Hospitals, 1848-1960 (1980).
Guion G. Johnson, Ante-Bellum North Carolina: A Social History (1937).
Ethel M. Speas, History of the Voluntary Mental Health Movement in North Carolina (1961).
Lloyd J. Thompson, "History of Mental Health in North Carolina," in Dorothy Long, ed., Medicine in North Carolina: Essays in the History of Medical Science and Medical Service, 1524-1960, vol. 2 (1972).
Image Credits:
View of Female Annex, Dorothea Dix Hospital 1900. From the General Negative Collection, North Carolina State Archives, call #: N_81_10_5. Raleigh, NC. Available from https://www.flickr.com/photos/north-carolina-state-archives/6238475302/ (accessed August 20, 2012).
Dix Hospital Epileptic Colony, Dorothea Dix Hospital, c.1910's-1920's. From the General Negative Collection, North Carolina State Archives, call #: N_81_8_58. Raleigh, NC. Available from https://www.flickr.com/photos/north-carolina-state-archives/6237952433/ (accessed August 20, 2012).
1 January 2006 | Anthony, Robert G., Jr.; Homrighaus, Ruth E.; Montgomery, J. Field, Jr.


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more Rotary Wreath laid at Stanton Drew War Memorial.
more Outgoing President Martin Palmer hands over to Incoming President Andrew Martin.
more This concert will feature Welsh Choir - CANTORION CREIGIAU SINGERS and BRISTOL MILITARY WIVES choir. Venue - St John's Church, Keynsham
more Supporting the Rotary Ukrainian appeal
more Launch of the on-line auction using Jumblebee. This was very successful during lockdown and the timing should help with buyers bidding for items that can be passed on as Xmas presents.
more Cabaret night in Stanton Drew Parish Hall
more Chelwood Bridge Rotary provides microcredit for entrepreneurs in developing countries.
more Car Parking Duty
more Win a 1.5 Kg. Easter Egg for £1 in the Chelwood Bridge Rotary Easter Egg Raffle.
more In aid of The Cystic Fibrosis Trust.
more Join us for a day's golf at the beautiful Farrington Park and help support Cystic Fibrosis Trust
more Car Park Marshalling
more Tuesday 11th February 2020
more Our Founder Members
more Awaiting further details
more Grace & Bottle - Spike Parker Steward - Mike Daniel
more Our Charity Big Breakfast is on Sunday 14 July 2019, all proceeds to local Rotary charities.
more Awaiting Update Details
more If you would like your Primary School included this year, please contact us through the Chelwood Bridge Rotary website and we will try and include you later this year or in the near future.
more Stanton Drew, Sun 15th July 2018 at 07.00 - 13.00,
more Left to Right:- Don Perry, Vic Clarke, Club President, presenting the trophy, Tony Waldron, Alan Smith, and Paul Panton.
more @ Farrington Gurney Social Club, Teams of 4 or 6 @ £5 per player, Bar available, American Supper, (bring your own) Raffle and Stand Up Fun Bingo
more Rotary Clubs of Chelwood Bridge and Surabaya Central, Indonesia, combine to bring IT to orphanage.
more Grace & Bottle - Colin Robinson Steward - Spike Parker Members are invited to bring in items of interest to show the club.
more Dinner @ 7:30pm Grace & Bottle - Hugo Pike Steward - Barry Gillett
more Bill Lane - "I did it before Joanna." Two years ago Joanna Lumley made a television documentary of a trip she did by train through China and across Siberia. This talk is of the same trip done in 1965. Grace & Bottle - Ken Biggs Steward - Richard Curtis
more President of Chelwood Bridge Rotary Club Douglas Nash, presenting the outgoing President with his Presidents medal for outstanding service to the club in his year as its President (Rotary Year 2018/19)
more Pictured here with a cheque for £2,304 which was raised in aid of Cancer Research UK are Susie Barton, Rotarian Vic Clarke, Kay (Richard's wife), Barry Day and Clare Macourt.
more A NEW START FOR A NEW ROTARY?
more Outgoing President Vic Clarke hands over to our new President Doug Nash ..Awaiting update.
more Chelwood Bridge Rotary Club Charity Golf Day.
more Club 9 hole golf competition. First hit off 16.00.
more Grace & Bottle: Dennis Warren Steward: Barry Gillett
more Paul Harris Awards presented by President Vic Clarke
more Mike Hedges CBE. Opens the Fete with The The Honourable Jacob Rees-Mogg MP.
more "Visits from Rustic Somerset and Exotic Papua New Guinea" Grace & Bottle:- Ray Lithgo, Steward:- John Poling DG Stewart Cursley is also due to visit us.
more A big thank you to all the attendees of the Farrington Village Hall event who supported local charity's by buying one or more of the many interesting items offered for sale on the Chelwood Bridge Rotary Club bric-a-brac stall. A great time was had by all.
more Friday 13th. April 2018
more Grace & Bottle: Jerry Coles Steward: George Klepp
more Grace & Bottle: Spike Parker Steward: Phil Townshend
more The Rotary International in Great Britain & Ireland Conference is all about having fun, making new friends, sharing experiences, listening to inspiring and motivational speakers and taking advantage of some sensational entertainment opportunities.
more "A talk by Air Marshall Sir Peter Norriss, ADC to HM the Queen" Grace & Bottle: Ron Lewis Steward: Tony Quinn
more Raised over £1000:00 for Local Rotary Charities
more Select photograph to run slideshow.
more Grace & Bottle: Mike Daniel Steward: Sue Osborne
more It's not all hard work
more Grace & Bottle: John Poling Steward: Tim Waller
more Rotary Club of Chelwood Bridge goes painting.
more Chelwood Bridge Supporting Purple 4 Polio campaign.
more "Visits from Rustic Somerset and Exotic Papua New Guinea" Grace & Bottle:- Ray Lithgo, Steward:- John Poling DG Stewart Cursley is also due to visit us.
more Raised over £1500.00 for Penny Brohn UK
more On Thursday, President Vic, paid a visit to our Mother Club, Midsomer Norton, where he attended their meeting and dined with them at the Centurion.
more Teams, a minimum of 4, maximum of 6. £10 per person to include a table platter, pay bar available Tickets:- Phil 07785 723797, Sue 07989 977992 Proceeds in aid of local Rotary Charities.
more Saturday 02 December, 7.30pm, St John's Church, Keynsham Joint with Cantilena Young Singers. Proceeds from Chelwood Bridge to Children's Hospice South West
more Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance
more Select photograph to run slideshow
more Select photograph to run slideshow.
more Flash Mob in Bath
more Select photograph to run slideshow.
more Only 568 more ballels to go!
more Select photograph to run slideshow.


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This tattoo prepared for Joaquin blends together elements from different Polynesian styles like the Tahitian tiki, the Marquesan enata and coconut leaves and Maori bits like the manta extending from the shoulder onto the pec:
which symbolizes knowledge, tenacity and freedom and which gives the name to this tattoo.
The upper wing of the manta recalls an adult fern leaf for maturity.
In the middle of the shoulder there is a turtle for family, with a Marquesan cross and an all-seeing eye for harmony and protection.
The two tiki on the sides protect family from every danger.


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July 2018 – Pirates 2018
Written by admin on July 11, 2018 – 11:36 am
Nightwire is proud to announce that the July 2018 issue has been released for public consumption!!! You can pickup a copy today at your favorite watering hole, Nightwire Street box or supporting business throughout the City of Pittsburgh! Or you can check out this month issue online by clicking here!


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The War of Attrition: The Rogers Plan
(December 9, 1969)
Following the third Arab-Israeli war in twenty years, there was an upsurge of hope that a lasting peace could be achieved. That hope has unfortunately not been realized. There is no area of the world today that is more important, because it could easily again be the source of another serious conflagration.
When this Administration took office, one of our first actions in foreign affairs was to examine carefully the entire situation in the Middle East. It was obvious that a continuation of the unresolved conflict there would be extremely dangerous; that the parties to the conflict alone would not be able to overcome their legacy of suspicion to achieve a political settlement; and that international efforts to help needed support.
The United States decided it had a responsibility to play a direct role in seeking a solution.
Thus, we accepted a suggestion put forward both by the French Government and the Secretary-General of the United Nations. We agreed that the major Powers - the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France - should cooperate to assist the Secretary-General's representative, Ambassador Jarring, in working out a settlement in accordance with the Resolution of the Security Council of the United Nations of November 1967. We also decided to consult directly with the Soviet Union, hoping to achieve as wide an area of agreement as possible between us.
These decisions were made in full recognition of the following important factors.
First, we knew that nations not directly involved could not make a durable peace for the peoples and Governments involved. Peace rests with the parties to the conflict. The efforts of major Powers can help; they can provide a catalyst; they can help define a realistic framework for agreement; but an agreement among other Powers cannot be a substitute for agreement among the parties themselves.
Second, we knew that a durable peace must meet the legitimate concerns of both sides.
Third, we were clear that the only framework for a negotiated settlement was one in accordance with the entire text of the UN Security Council Resolution. That Resolution was agreed upon after long and arduous negotiations; it is carefully balanced; it provides the basis for a just and lasting peace - a final settlement - not merely an interlude between wars.
Fourth, we believed that a protracted period of war, no peace, recurrent violence and spreading chaos would serve the interests of no nation, in or out of the Middle East.
For eight months we have pursued these consultations, in Four Power talks at the United Nations, and in bilateral discussions with the Soviet Union.
In our talks with the Soviets, we have proceeded in the belief that the stakes are so high that we have a responsibility to determine whether we can achieve parallel views which would encourage the parties to work out a stable and equitable solution. We are under no illusions, we are fully conscious of past difficulties and present realities. Our talks with the Soviets have brought a measure of understanding, but very substantial differences remain. We regret that the Soviets have delayed in responding to new formulations submitted to them on 28 October. However, we will continue to discuss these problems with the Soviet Union as long as there is any realistic hope that such discussion might further the cause of peace.
The substance of the talks that we have had with the Soviet Union have been conveyed to the interested parties through diplomatic channels. This process has served to highlight the main roadblocks to the initiation of useful negotiations among the parties.
On the one hand, the Arab leaders fear that Israel is not in fact prepared to withdraw from Arab territory occupied in the 1967 war.
Now on the other hand, Israeli leaders fear that the Arab States are not in fact prepared to live in peace with Israel.
Each side can cite from its viewpoint considerable evidence to support its fears. Each side has permitted its attention to be focused solidly and to some extent solely on these fears.
What can the United States do to help overcome these roadblocks?
Our policy is and will continue to be a balanced one.
We have friendly ties with both Arabs and Israelis. To call for Israeli withdrawal as envisaged in the UN Resolution without achieving an agreement on peace would be partisan towards the Arabs. To call on the Arabs to accept peace without Israeli withdrawal would be partisan towards Israel. Therefore, our policy is to encourage the Arabs to accept a permanent peace based on a binding agreement and to urge the Israelis to withdraw from occupied territory when their territorial integrity is assured as envisaged by the Security Council Resolution.
In an effort to broaden the scope of discussion, we have recently resumed Four Power negotiations at the United Nations.
Let me outline our policy on various elements of the Security Council Resolution. The basic and related issues might be described as peace, security, withdrawal and territory. Peace between the parties: - the Resolution of the Security Council makes clear that the goal is the establishment of a state of peace between the parties instead of the state of belligerency which has characterized relations for over 20 years. We believe that the conditions and obligations of peace must be defined in specific terms. For example, navigation rights in the Suez Canal and in the Straits of Tiran should be spelled out. Respect for sovereignty and obligations of the parties to each other must be made specific.
But peace, of course, involves much more than this. It is also a matter of the attitudes and intentions of the parties. Are they ready to co-exist with one another? Can a live-and-let-live attitude replace suspicion, mistrust and hate? A peace agreement between the parties must be based on clear and stated intentions and a willingness to bring about basic changes in the attitudes and conditions which are characteristic of the Middle East today.
Security: - a lasting peace must be sustained by a sense of security on both sides. To this end, as envisaged in the Security Council Resolution, there should be demilitarized zones and related security arrangements more reliable than those which existed in the area in the past. The parties themselves, with Ambassador Jarring's help, are in the best position to work out the nature and the details of such security arrangements. It is, after all, their interests which are at stake and their territory which is involved. They must live with the results.
Withdrawal and territory: - the Security Council Resolution endorses the principle of the non-acquisition of territory by war and calls for withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the 1967 war. We support this part of the Resolution, including withdrawal, just as we do its other elements.
The boundaries from which the 1967 war began were established in the 1949 Armistice Agreements and have defined the areas of national jurisdiction in the Middle East for 20 years. Those boundaries were armistice lines, not final political borders. The rights, claims and positions of the parties in an ultimate peaceful settlement were reserved by the Armistice Agreements.
The Security Council Resolution neither endorses nor-precludes these armistice lines as the definitive political boundaries. However, it calls for withdrawal from occupied territories, the non-acquisition of territory by war, and for the establishment of secure and recognized botindaries.
We believe that while recognized political boundaries must be established, and agreed upon by the parties, any change in the pre-existing lines should not reflect the weight of conquest and should be confined to insubstantial alterations required for mutual security. We do not support expansionism. We believe troops must be withdrawn as the Resolution provides. We support Israel's security and the security of the Arab States as well. We are for a lasting peace that requires security for both.
By emphasizing the key issues of peace, security, withdrawal and territory, I do not want to leave the impression that other issues are not equally important. Two in particular deserve special mention - the questions of refugees and of Jerusalem.
There can be no lasting peace without a just settlement of the problem of those Palestinians whom the wars of 1948 and 1967 made homeless. This human dimension of the Arab-Israeli conflict has been of special concern to the United States for over 20 years. During this period, the United States has contributed about 500 million dollars for the support and education of the Palestine refugees. We are prepared to contribute generously, along with others, to solve this problem. We believe its just settlement must take into account the desires and aspirations of the refugees and the legitimate concerns of the Governments in the area.
The problem posed by the refugees will become increasingly serious if their future is not resolved. There is a new consciousness among the young Palestinians who have grown up since 1948, which needs to be channelled away from bitterness and frustration towards hope and justice.
The question of the future status of Jerusalem, because it touches deep emotional, historical and religious well-springs, is particularly complicated. We have made clear repeatedly in the past two and a half years that we cannot accept unilateral actions by any party to decide the final status of the city. We believe its status can be determined only through the agreement of the parties concerned, which in practical terms means primarily the Governments of Israel and Jordan, taking into account the interests of other countries in the area and the international community. We do, however, support certain principles which we believe would provide an equitable framework for a Jerusalem settlement.
Specifically, we believe Jerusalem should be a unified city within which there would no longer be restrictions on the movement of persons and goods. There should be open access to the unified city for persons of all faiths and nationalities. Arrangements for the administration of the unified city should take into account the interests of all its inhabitants and of the Jewish, Islamic and Christian communities. And there should be roles for both Israel and Jordan in the civic, economic and religious life of the City.
It is our hope that agreement on the key issues of peace, security, withdrawal and territory will create a climate in which these questions of refugees and of Jerusalem, as well as other aspects of the conflict, can be resolved as part of the overall settlement.
During the first weeks of the current United Nations Gerneral Assembly, the efforts to move matters towards a settlement entered a particularly intensive phase. Those efforts continue today.
I have already referred to our talks with the Soviet Union. In connection with those talks there have been allegations that we have been seeking to divide the Arab States by urging the UAR to make a separate peace. These allegations are false. It is a fact that we and the Soviets have been concentrating on the questions of a settlement between Israel and the United Arab Republic. We have been doing this in the full understanding on both our parts that, before there can be a settlement of the ArabIsraeli conflict, there must be agreement between the parties on other aspects of the settlement - not only those related to the United Arab Republic but also those related to Jordan and other States which accept the Security Council Resolution of November 1967.
We started with the Israeli-United Arab Republic aspect because of its inherent importance for future stability in the area and because one must start somewhere.
We are also ready to pursue the Jordanian aspects of a settlement - in fact the Four Powers in New York have begun such discussions. Let me make it perfectly clear that the US position is that implementation of the overall settlement would begin only after complete agreement had been reached on related aspects of the problem.
In our recent meetings with the Soviets, we have discussed some new formulas in an attempt to find common positions. They consist of three principal elements:
First, there should be a binding commitment by Israel and the United Arab Republic to peace with each other, with all the specific obligations of peace spelled out, including the obligation to prevent hostile acts originating from their respective territories.
Second, the detailed provisions of peace relating to security safeguards on the ground should be worked out between the parties, under Ambassador Jarring's auspices, utilizing the procedures followed in negotiating the Armistice Agreements under Ralph Bunche in 1949 at Rhodes. His formula has been previously used with success in negotiations between the parties on Middle Eastern problems. A principal objective of the Four Power talks, we believe, should be to help Ambassador Jarring engage the parties in a negotiating process under the Rhodes formula.
So far as a settlement between Israel and the United Arab Republic goes, these safeguards relate primarily to the area of Sharm el-Sheikh controlling access to the Gulf of Aqaba, the need for demilitarized zones as foreseen in the Security Council Resolution, and final arrangements in the Gaza Strip.
Third, in the context of peace and agreement on specific security safeguards, withdrawal of Israeli forces from Egyptian territory would be required.
Such an approach directly addresses the principal national concerns of both Israel and the UAR. It would require the UAR to agree to a binding and specific commitment to peace. It would require withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from UAR territory to the international border between Israel and Egypt which has been in existence for over half a century. It would also require the parties themselves to negotiate the practical security arrangements to safeguard the peace.
We believe that this approach is balanced and fair.
We remain interested in good relations with all States in the area. Whenever and wherever Arab States which have broken off diplomatic relations with the United States are prepared to restore them, we shall respond in the same spirit.
Meanwhile, we will not be deterred from continuing to pursue the paths of patient diplomacy in our search for peace in the Middle East. We will not shrink from advocating necessary compromises, even though they may and probably will be unpalatable to both sides. We remain prepared to work with others - in the area and throughout the world - so long as they sincerely seek the end we seek: a just and lasting peace.
Sources: Israeli Foreign Ministry


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Saree Fabric: Georgette Saree Digital Printed Saree With Sequnce work
Blouse: Bangalori Silk( Blouse showcased in the images is only for styling purpose and its not for sale )
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All Rights Reserved: This image belongs to the photographer (Kathleen Raymon). If you wish to use it for any purpose, you'll need to obtain written permission from the photographer.
Stairs in the Enrollment Services Building, or as I know it: Alumni Hall. Taken with iPhone4 and Instagram
Submitted by: Kathleen Raymon, Business Administration on January 27, 2012
Tags: Alumni Hall, Campus
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