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Sarepta Therapeutics Announces FDA Will Consider Accelerated Approval for Eteplirsen After Further Review of Data on Dystrophin and Clinical Outcomes
Eteplirsen Manufacturing and Clinical Activities Continue as Planned
CAMBRIDGE, MA–(Marketwired – April 15, 2013) – Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: SRPT) today provided an update on its discussions with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding a potential application for accelerated approval of eteplirsen for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The FDA has requested that Sarepta provide additional information from the existing eteplirsen dataset to inform a decision on the acceptability of this dataset for a New Drug Application (NDA) filing under the Subpart H Accelerated Approval regulatory pathway. This feedback was provided in meeting minutes from Sarepta's End-of-Phase II meeting with the FDA's Division of Neurology Products that occurred last month.
Specifically, Sarepta received feedback on both the acceptability of dystrophin as a surrogate endpoint that would reasonably predict clinical benefit in DMD patients and the acceptability of the eteplirsen safety database for a Subpart H Accelerated Approval filing.
"We are encouraged by our interactions with the FDA and their Division of Neurology Products and we view their request for more data as a reflection of the thorough and comprehensive approach that the Agency takes in evaluating a new surrogate marker," said Chris Garabedian, president and chief executive officer of Sarepta Therapeutics. "We are confident that the method in which we've collected dystrophin, the degree and consistency of the dystrophin levels, and the supporting clinical data will provide the Agency the information it needs to determine if dystrophin is a feasible surrogate marker that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit."
At the End-of-Phase II Clinical Meeting in March, there was a productive discussion on the suitability of dystrophin as a surrogate marker, including a presentation by Sarepta detailing the methodologies used to analyze dystrophin in the studies and supportive data suggesting that the dystrophin produced is functional. As follow up to the discussion, and as reflected in the meeting minutes from the Division of Neurology Products, the Agency requested two written summaries: "a coherent and comprehensive summary to support dystrophin as a surrogate" and "a detailed discussion of all clinical outcomes in the eteplirsen study."
Furthermore, the meeting minutes contained the following statement:
"The Agency stated that they had not made a final decision regarding acceptability of the proposed Subpart H (Accelerated Approval) NDA filing, and that the Agency would consider the additional data submitted by the sponsor before making a final decision."
Sarepta also discussed the eteplirsen and phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) safety database at the End-of-Phase II meeting and asked if the 38 patient eteplirsen safety database was sufficient for a Subpart H Accelerated Approval filing. While Sarepta will continue to collect long-term safety from the ongoing eteplirsen extension study for a potential submission, the meeting minutes stated that: "In the event (the Agency) agrees to file the Subpart H NDA submission, additional safety data to support approval could come from the first few months of the… pivotal confirmatory study." Sarepta still intends to begin dosing patients in a pivotal confirmatory study in the first quarter of 2014.
Sarepta is preparing to submit the dystrophin and clinical outcomes summaries and will be requesting a follow-up meeting with the FDA to discuss these later this quarter. As a result, the End-of-Phase II CMC meeting with the FDA is now expected to occur in the third quarter, however all eteplirsen manufacturing and clinical development activities continue as planned and are not anticipated to delay the potential timeline of an Accelerated Approval NDA submission.
Conference Call Information
Sarepta will hold a conference call to discuss this update today at 5:00 p.m. EDT. The conference call may be accessed by dialing 800.446.2782 for domestic callers and 847.413.3235 for international callers. The passcode for the call is 34696256. Please specify to the operator that you would like to join the "Sarepta Therapeutics Corporate Conference Call." The conference call will be webcast live under the events section of Sarepta's website at www.sareptatherapeutics.com and will be archived there following the call for 90 days. Please connect to Sarepta's website several minutes prior to the start of the broadcast to ensure adequate time for any software download that may be necessary. An audio replay will be available through May 9, 2013 by calling 888.843.7419 or 630.652.3042 and entering access code 34696256.
About Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
DMD is an X-linked rare, degenerative neuromuscular disorder causing severe progressive muscle loss and premature death. One of the most common fatal genetic disorders, DMD affects approximately one in every 3,500 boys worldwide. A devastating and incurable muscle-wasting disease, DMD is associated with specific errors in the gene that codes for dystrophin, a protein that plays a key structural role in muscle fiber function. Progressive muscle weakness in the lower limbs eventually spreads to the arms, neck and other areas. Eventually, increasing difficulty in breathing due to respiratory muscle dysfunction requires ventilation support, and cardiac dysfunction can lead to heart failure. The condition is universally fatal, and death usually occurs before the age of 30.
About Eteplirsen
Eteplirsen is Sarepta's lead drug candidate that is designed to address the underlying cause of DMD by enabling the production of a functional dystrophin protein. Eteplirsen uses Sarepta's phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO)-based chemistry and exon-skipping technology to skip exon 51 of the dystrophin gene enabling the repair of specific genetic mutations that affect approximately 13 percent of the total DMD population. By skipping exon 51, eteplirsen may restore the gene's ability to make a shorter, but still functional, form of dystrophin from messenger RNA, or mRNA. Promoting the synthesis of a truncated dystrophin protein is intended to improve, stabilize or significantly slow the disease process and prolong and improve the quality of life for patients with DMD.
About Sarepta Therapeutics
Sarepta Therapeutics is focused on developing first-in-class RNA-based therapeutics to improve and save the lives of people affected by serious and life-threatening rare and infectious diseases. The Company's diverse pipeline includes its lead program eteplirsen, for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, as well as potential treatments for some of the world's most lethal infectious diseases. Sarepta aims to build a leading, independent biotech company dedicated to translating its RNA-based science into transformational therapeutics for patients who face significant unmet medical needs. For more information, please visit us at www.sareptatherapeutics.com.
About the Accelerated Approval Regulatory Pathway (21 CFR 314 Subpart H)
To speed the development and availability of new medicines for serious and life-threatening diseases, the FDA has the authority to grant accelerated approval based on evidence that an investigational new drug provides a meaningful therapeutic benefit over existing treatments. Under this authority, marketing approval may be granted on the basis of adequate and well-controlled clinical trials that show the drug has an effect on a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit or on the basis of a clinical endpoint other than survival or irreversible morbidity. If granted, the FDA requires post-marketing studies to verify the clinical benefit of the approved medicine. For more information, visit the FDA web site at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=314&showFR=1&subpartNode=21:184.108.40.206.4.8.
Forward Looking Statement
This press release contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements generally can be identified by use of words such as "believes or belief," "anticipates," "plans," "expects," "will," "intends," "potential," "possible," "advance" and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements include statements about the development of eteplirsen and its efficacy, safety, potency and utility in the treatment of DMD; the potential for the creation of novel dystrophin to lead to significant clinical benefit or its suitability as a valid surrogate marker; the amount and type of dystrophin, safety and other information necessary for the Agency to make regulatory determinations; the impact of manufacturing and development activities on NDA submission timelines; and the potential use of the accelerated approval pathway for eteplirsen.
Each forward-looking statement contained in this press release is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statement. Applicable risks and uncertainties include, among others: subsequent clinical trials may fail to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of eteplirsen or replicate results; treatment of patients with DMD using eteplirsen over a longer duration may not lead to significant clinical benefit; any of Sarepta's drug candidates, including eteplirsen, may fail in development, may not qualify for filing under Subpart H accelerated approval or receive required regulatory approvals at all, or may not become commercially viable due to delays, decisions by regulatory authorities, or other reasons; and those identified under the heading "Risk Factors" in Sarepta's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the full year ended December 31, 2012, and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Any of the foregoing risks could materially and adversely affect Sarepta's business, results of operations and the trading price of Sarepta's common stock. For a detailed description of risks and uncertainties Sarepta faces, you are encouraged to review the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We caution investors not to place considerable reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this press release. Sarepta does not undertake any obligation to publicly update its forward-looking statements based on events or circumstances after the date hereof.
"Safe Harbor" Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: The statements that are not historical facts contained in this release are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the results of research and development efforts, the results of preclinical and clinical testing, the effect of regulation by the FDA and other agencies, the impact of competitive products, product development, commercialization and technological difficulties, and other risks detailed in the company's Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
Sarepta Investor Contact:
Erin Cox
Sarepta Media Contact:
Jim Baker


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There is yet another example of an ordinarily pretty good news organization (The Washington Times) going brain dead and printing verbatim a terrible, biased, anti-Zionist slur from the AP. I wasn't going to bother posting about it because I am so tired of having to exhaust myself on this stuff and I have come to the conclusion that the newspapers are just too short-handed to read this stuff carefully before they call is "content" and give it space. As I posted a comment on the article and began to move on, though, I could not get over the use of the words "settler". It is a pejorative now, used to paint Jews as aliens and outsiders, but I have a different emotional attachment to the word.
Whether he was placidly agreeing with my mother during one of her extended tirades (he called them lectures) or concluding a business deal, my dad would often say, "I'll settle for that. I'm one of the early settlers." He was a very gentle but effective negotiator. He always did his best to make every situation a "win-win". I have always thought that this was not just his way but the Jewish way. After all, when the Romans destroyed our temple and we began our two millennia of wanderings, expulsions and holocausts, we had to get into the habit of settling. In all that time there was only one place on earth we were not settlers, Jerusalem. We were beleaguered there, by the Romans Arabs and Turks, persecuted and often murdered but it was always our home. That is why the use of the word "settler" bothered me so much. The Washington Times article is here.
Here is my comment as I posted it at the Washington Times web site:
This is so obviously badly slanted as to be almost unbelievable. Even so, there is enough information in the article to get to the truth. Key Phrase: "Mr. Grenimann said 29 members of the al-Kurd family lived in the house evicted on Tuesday. Some of them had settled there after they were evicted from another house in the same neighborhood, following the Israeli Supreme Court's decision to uphold the settlers' claim to the ownership of that building." Translation: They are illegal squatters that the Israeli government is unable to screw up the nerve to deal with directly, nearly forcing the legal owners to do stupid stuff like this. The pathetic case went all they way to the SUPREME COURT OF THE LAND and the so called journalist who wrote the article still calls it a "claim." The truth is that the Israeli courts bend over backwards to uphold "Palestinian rights". Would a squatter case ever get argued in front of the US Supreme Court? When the Jordanians overran West Jerusalem in the 1948 war for independence, they massacred a Jewish population that had inhabited the Jewish quarter continuously for more than three thousand years and blew up ancient Synagogues and community buildings in order to expunge all trace of Jewish life there. Now Jewish people are referred to as "settlers" and Arab squatters are portrayed as "Palestinians". They are not "Palestinians", they are Arabs. They are of the same Arab tribes that compose a majority of Jordan. There was never such a thing as a "Palestinian" until 1968 - the name is the single biggest triumphant lie foisted by Arafat on the conscience of the world. When Israel left Gaza, all Jewish "settlers" had to leave because to stay would have been a death sentence. If East Jerusalem ever does become the capital of a previously fictitious state, all Jews will be forced out by violence and/or death. The Arabs living in Israel are the most secure, wealthiest and healthiest in the world and all the Washington Times can do is run obviously scurrilous trash like this. The great injustice here is not that the Jewish people who did this are not being "nice people", it is that the very fact that they stand up for their property rights makes them villains.
It goes on and on. German Jews in the 1930's refused to believe that they were not Germans, just as the Spanish Jews before them they learned that they were all too easily turned on as "settlers". But, it is always easy to call Jews settlers. We are. We lived in Germany for four hundred years among settled Germanic tribes that had lived there for a thousand years- making them the early settlers. In that sense, very human being on earth is a settler. But in Jerusalem, in Judea, Samaria, Tel Aviv and Sderot we are the Early Settlers. This was recognized in modern times by the creation of the modern state of Israel. If we allow the world to forget our place and our rights, if we allow the newly invented Palestine to squat on our property, who will find a place for us?
Israel has proved time and time again that she will "settle" for peace with a Palestinian state that does not pose a mortal threat. Israel is, in that sense too, an early settler. Over and over the so-called "Palestinains" have proven (Fatah, Hizballah and Hamas even publish it in their charters) that they are not going to settle for anything less than the annihilation of Israel. That makes them very late settlers indeed- maybe even squatters.

subset: commoncrawl


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Karma is action, and Vipaka, fruit or result, is its reaction. Within four days, quite a bit happened.
The Los Angeles Lakers' Andrew Bynum just received word that his knee injury will keep him out for over two months. Andrew Bynum was hugely responsible for sending Gerald Wallace to the hospital for the majority of last week, so it's going to be tough to feel bad for the guy. Bynum's injury occurred when Kobe Bryant crashed into him after a driving miss against Memphis on Saturday night. From the video, it appears that Bynum failed to react before Bryant came down into his leg. He was simply in the wrong spot at the wrong time. Was this some type of universal calibration of the basketball world back into balance?
As an NBA fan, it's not good to see anyone get hurt. So, let's just hope Gerald Wallace returns to form and Bynum can bounce back by the end of the season, as well.
Phil Jackson should understand and accept the universe at work with his roster. Perhaps, there are only so many championship rings one can carry with them along the journey of life. It appeared during pre-game warmups that Bynum had worked out the hitch in his Ch'i and the injury was mostly due to the misalignment of Kobe Bryant's chakras while going to the hoop. Although, Jackson was unavailable for comment, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama responded via text message that "a quality Center is necessary to the two concurrent triangles that exist in LA's version of the Triangle Offense."* Gerald Wallace's absence nearly eliminates the Bobcat's hopes of a Playoff berth, but the Lakers will desperately need Bynum back if they want to contend for another NBA Title.
*Not at all factual


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Since FXG is vector-based, how can I set it to 300 dpi rather than the default 72 dpi? The printRes command doesn't work.
The Scene7 server preserves the resolution of bitmap images in generated print-ready PDFs. Scene7 upscales image resolution if necessary. For optimal results, leave the resolution at the default value (typically 72 dpi) when previewing on web. The default resolution for all the images in your company is set in the Publish Settings/Image Server window in the Default Print Resolution section. Only apply higher resolutions (such as 300 dpi) to a print-ready PDF, as they can result in longer processing time. Use the imageRes= command in the URL to manually override the default resolution for PDF jobs.
Example url structure: http://server.scene7.com/is/agm/company/fxgName?fmt=pdf,cmyk&imageRes=300


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Here are our sketch cards:
Stephanie's Card
Stephanie says, "I created my sketch card using a sheet of puffy snowman stickers on a teal glitter background ... so much fun."
Lauren says, "Clearly I'm still a little bit stuck on the Bling theme from last fortnight, so there's a lot of sparkly white, silver and gold on my card! I've compressed the sketch a bit to fit my square card, so I've staggered a few of the shapes horizontally, but otherwise, I've done a pretty straightforward version of the sketch... Well heck, that's the best thing about a great sketch, it saves you time and energy, right?!"
Stephanie, who is a Stampin' Up demonstrator (e-mail her if you'd like to place an order), also has a fun little present for one lucky, randomly drawn cardmaker who links up with us this week. It's a brand new --but retired-- Stampin' Up set of sentiments - SUITE SEASONS - that can be used for a variety of occasions, including Christmas:
To be eligible to win, just link up one or more sketch cards right here, before 6pm (EST) on Wednesday, April 12th. Keyword for galleries or Flickr is JB:17:07.


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Protecting Your Commercial Assets In Business
For business owners in Australia, insurance needs to be a priority. With so many potential threats to a business, having the right insurance coverage can keep your business and your personal finances significantly safer. The challenge for Australian entrepreneurs is that there are so many different types of insurance policies available that it can often get very confusing very quickly. From the insurance that you're required to have by law, to the coverage that will simply give you peace of mind in a wide variety of sectors, here is a brief guide to protecting the commercial assets of your business.
Legally Required Insurance
There are a variety of insurance types that business owners are required to have. Although employees are not legally considered as a commercial asset, you will certainly struggle to run a business without them. All businesses that employ even a single person must have Employers Liability Insurance in place. However, if you have business premises, that is an asset, and that means you need to have Buildings Insurance. This will protect you from damage to the building, whether it's from wilful vandalism or accidental fire or flooding. You may also need to have:
- Vehicle Insurance: If you use a company vehicle to deliver goods or for your employees to use, then they need to be insured.
- Industry Specifics: Some industries are required by law to have specifically tailored policies in place. Make sure that you are aware of the specific needs of your business sector so that you aren't caught out.
Non-required Insurance Types
There are additional types of insurance that may not be required by law but can be very useful when it comes to keeping your business safer. Depending on the sector that you trade in or the size and structure of your business, here are some asset protection insurance types that you should consider:
- Professional Indemnity: This should be a priority for freelancers, consultants, and contractors. Although it is not a requirement, it can keep you much safer against claims made against you or your business in relation to professional negligence.
- D&O Insurance: If your business has directors and/or officers then it's worth getting the insurance that can protect them individually from legal liability.
- Product Liability: If your business sells, makes, or even simply repairs a tangible product then it's a smart move to invest in product liability cover. If a customer gets injured using a faulty product then you can be vulnerable to a substantial fine that could cost you your business.
Manufacturing businesses might also want to look at a pollution risk policy. If there is even the slightest risk that your manufacturing locations will produce any kind of waste then a pollution risk policy will be a huge help if you are forced to pay for the cleanup of any accidental pollution or any claims made against your business.
Additional Options
No matter what kind of industry your business is in, you might also want to secure your assets by adding these additional policy types to your overall coverage:
- Intellectual Property Insurance: Protect your intangible assets, including patents, logos, or designs.
- Business Interruption Insurance: If you are forced to close your business temporarily due to outside disruption (flooding or fire) then this can prevent the threat of closure due to a lack of revenue stream. This is sometimes referred to as Business Income Protection Insurance.
- Glass and Sign Cover: Often not included in Buildings Insurance, this can keep your frontage much safer.
You might also look at Goods in Transit insurance if your business involves a lot of shipping, or Money Insurance if you have large amounts of currency on your premises.
Entrepreneurs and business owners should always have a very clear picture of their insurance needs. From the policies that are legally required to the ones that are simply designed to keep your business safer, having the right coverage can ease the stress of business management. Make sure that your business is more protected, and the future of your company will be much more secure.


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So I attended the Atlanta PHP meeting last week and it was fun just like the previous time. I find this particular group fun and knowledgeable making me look forward to the next meeting. The topics covered this time were the singleton design pattern and the Moodle course management system. It seems like we are going to start covering a design pattern plus another topic during each future meeting which I think is a great idea. You can never know enough about design patterns.
Singleton Pattern
So there wasn't much said that was new to me about the singleton pattern. It's pretty standard, the objective of this pattern is to prevent creating multiple instances of a class. The code example was something like this: Continue reading "Atlanta PHP December Meeting – Singleton Design Pattern and Moodle"


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Lou Holtz has tested positive for the coronavirus.
The 83-year-old former college football coach confirmed the test Thursday to Columbia, South Carolina, TV station WOLO.
"I don't have a lot of energy right now," Holtz told the ABC station.
Holtz led Notre Dame to the 1988 national title in a Hall of Fame career. He retired from coaching in 2004, after being with various teams, including William & Mary, North Carolina State, Arkansas, Minnesota, Notre Dame, South Carolina and in the NFL with the New York Jets.
He has worked for ESPN and campaigned for President Donald Trump. Holtz is set to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Trump.


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Luck, as defined by the Cambridge Dictionary, is the force that causes things, especially good things, to happen to you by chance and not as a result of your own efforts or abilities. Winning the lottery would classify one as being lucky and for the amateur golfer, so is a hole-in-one.
The athlete who trains for their sport day after exhausting day, the straight-A student who reads and studies extensively, the person who changes their eating habits and becomes more active and returns to their ideal weigh…their success has nothing to do with luck and everything to do with action and choices!
What about health? Is it luck that allows children to be born drug free and without intervention? Is it luck that those same children enjoy a childhood free from ear infections, antibiotics and trips to an urgent care facility for every illness that happens to be going around? What about when they grow into adults who do not require major surgeries, countless prescription and over-the-counter drugs and ultimate confinement to a bed in a nursing home? The answer, is no. It involves effort and choices.
Paying close attention to eating a healthy menu of food and exercising on a regular basis is helpful. These actions are of vital importance to overall good health; however, there is another piece to the puzzle. You were born with the Innate Intelligence that gives your body the ability to heal from the inside out. From the moment of conception, the power that made the body heals the body. You must choose to trust your body to do its job.
In order for your body to do this, the pathways by which it receives its messages from the nervous system must be clear. The function of every cell, tissue and organ depends on it.
Interference in this communication can be caused by events such as birth, or a fall, or a sports injury, or a car accident. Interference can also be caused by choices such as eating poorly, drinking too much, strenuous work, heavy exercise or not enough movement. Outside influences such as stress at school or work, chemicals in our food and toxic exposure affect the nervous system. The effects of interference can express itself in ways such as physical illness or pain. It may occur today or it may occur in the years to come, but when it occurs and how should not be left to luck.
A chiropractic examination will determine if you or your loved ones have spinal or nervous system interference. A chiropractic adjustment is the way to remove that interference. The beneficial side effect is a body that has the ability to heal itself from the inside out, just as it was meant to do. The need for sick days, medications and surgery decrease and the potential to live a long, healthy, active life increases. Who would not want that for themselves and their loved ones?
Choose chiropractic for your health, get your spine checked and get those you love checked. When we make a choice, when we take action, when we put our abilities to work then good things happen. Enjoy living life at your best instead of hoping you are just lucky.
Contributed by Jaime Coxon, RD, LD


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Official Brainsick windbreaker Green
This lightweight windbreaker ensures maximum comfort on windy, rainy, and sunny days, thanks to the water-resistant fabric and breathable mesh lining. The windbreaker has an effortless look that will fit different styles and can be easily layered with long and short sleeve shirts.
• 100% polyester
• Fabric weight: 2.21 oz/yd² (75 g/m²)
• Lightweight, water-resistant fabric
• Breathable mesh lining, reduces static
• Regular fit
• Elastic cuffs
• Hood and side pockets
• Zippable front
• Blank product sourced from China


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A few days ago I posted an article about Gmail's 2-step authentication and getting it working on the BlackBerry Z10. Judging by the incoming traffic from search engines, folks are experiencing a variety of other problems with Gmail on the new BlackBerry OS 10. So let's take a step back and look at this beast from the start.
Two options
Google used to provide a dedicated Gmail app for the BlackBerry OS. This became end-of-life on 22 November 2011, however. This leaves you two methods of configuring Gmail/Google Apps on your new Z10 (and this will apply equally to the forthcoming Q10):
- IMAP, CalDAV and CardDAV; or
- Exchange ActiveSync
Contrary to advice I've seen elsewhere on the internet, using IMAP doesn't prevent you from synchronising your calendar and contacts – that's what the separate CalDAV and CardDAV protocols are for. So which should you choose? In some cases, the decision is made for you. Google has announced that it is phasing out support for ActiveSync, certainly for free email accounts. At the moment, it appears that there's a stay of execution until the end of June 2013, but the writing is on the wall.
If you're using Google Apps, it's likely you'll continue to benefit from ActiveSync, certainly if you're a paying customer. ActiveSync is licensed from Microsoft and your fees will go towards paying for that. All the same, knowing from experience the way that Google tends to force change upon its users (even enterprise customers are stuck with the constant upgrade/"evergreen" effect), it might be prudent to choose IMAP/CalDAV/CardDAV from the beginning. It looks like this is where Google is focusing its efforts, so this is where we're most likely to see bug fixes and improvements.
Automatic setup
Go to System Settings -> Accounts -> Add Account -> Email, Calendar and Contacts. After I entered my email address and password (I'm a Google Apps user), I discovered that the app was intelligent enough to pick up settings for all three protocols. I was taken to a screen giving me the option to switch on sync for Email, Contacts and Calendar:
I say I entered my password, but I use Gmail's 2-step authentication (and you should too), so what I entered was the "application-specific password" I'd generated previously. See my earlier article for details. Having done this, in theory everything should work.
Broken CalDAV
Unfortunately there's a snag. At the moment, CalDAV access is broken. One of the symptoms is an error message along the following lines: "Your email and contacts accounts were successfully added. At this time, the www.google.com/calendar/dav/[email protected]/events server is unavailable and your calendar account can't be added. Please try again later." BlackBerry is aware of this and has posted a KB article in which it states:
This is a previously reported issue that is being investigated by our development team. No resolution time frame is currently available.
There are two proposed "workarounds", neither of which really fixes the problem. The first is to try again, 24 hours later. Ha. Let me know if that works for you. The other option is to use ActiveSync instead. Sorry – isn't Google phasing that out, BlackBerry? As a business user, the "No resolution time frame" comment is particularly irksome.
Extra Calendars
Once the CalDAV issue is fixed, you may want to know how to integrate multiple Google Calendars to your device. There are two things to know. Firstly, if you browse to your calendar sync settings you can in theory switch on syncing your additional calendars. I say "in theory" because I haven't been able to test it yet.
The second thing to know is that you can add multiple Gmail CalDAV accounts (e.g. if you have access to a spouse's calendar), but how to do it is not immediately apparent. You'll need to go to System Settings -> Accounts -> Add Account. This time, go straight to "Advanced". This takes you to the "Advanced Setup" screen, and here we see a slight weakness in the BlackBerry OS 10 user interface design. There's no scroll bar suggesting there are more items off-screen. This is misleading, because underneath "POP", if you slide the options upwards, you'll find "CalDAV" and "CardDAV". Choose CalDAV and follow the manual instructions below.
Manual Setup
Automatic setup might not work for you. Or it might work, but only give you IMAP, not contacts and calendar. In this event, you'll need to use the "Advanced" option. Note that if you do this in the middle of setting up email, it will only give you the option of configuring IMAP. You'll then need to go back to System Settings -> Accounts -> Add Account -> Advanced (twice), to set up CalDAV and CardDAV. See my comments above about the CalDAV/CardDAV options not being immediately apparent.
IMAP settings
- Address: imap.gmail.com
- Port: 993
- Encryption: SSL
At the bottom of that screen, the "Edit Folder Settings" button allows you to choose which IMAP folders (Gmail labels) you'd like to sync.
SMTP settings
- Address: smtp.gmail.com
- Port: 465
- Encryption: SSL
CalDAV settings
Server address will be something like www.google.co./calendar/dav/calendarID/events
. You'll need to know the calendar ID. In my case, this is my email address. To double-check that, go to your Google Calendar. Under the "My Calendars" panel on the left, you should see a drop-drown indicator next to the name of your calendar (the name may by your own name). Click that, then "Calendar Settings" on the pop-up menu. At the bottom of the calendar settings page, you should see "Calendar Address". To the right of this will be displayed the Calendar ID.
CardDAV settings
The simplest of all to configure. You just need the server address: google.com.
A Note About Passwords
If you're using 2-step authentication, the same application-specific password should work for all four protocols. If you encounter authentication problems, consider generating a new password for each. Read my earlier article for details.
Go to System Settings -> Accounts -> Add Account -> Advanced (at the bottom of the screen) -> Microsoft Exchange ActiveSync. Here are the settings you'll need:
- Domain: google
- Username: your email address
- Server address: m.google.com
- Port: 443
- Use SSL: on
- Push: on
This gives you full sync across email, calendar and contacts, with all your settings in one place. Simpler than setting up the other protocols, but beware: it may stop working one day…
Google logo copyright © Google Inc. All rights acknowledged.


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Under the Walnut Tree
A3 edition
Print Size : A3 297mm x 420mm
Archival Ltd Edition of 250 Prints Each print to be individually Numbered & Signed by Colin & Farokh. Price : £120.00 |
A2 edition
Print Size : A2 420mm x 594mm
Archival Ltd Edition of 50 Prints. Each print to be embossed with the Caspian Productions Seal, before being individually Numbered & Signed by Colin & Farokh. Supplied with a pair of white cotton gloves for safe handling. Price: £450.00 |


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Genuine spare part from PondXpert.
Replacement lid for the PondXpert SpinClean 5000 AUTO, which comes with the ballast, quartz & bulb.
Here we have outlined some key maintenance tips for your pond in January.
See All Tips and Advice© Copyright Pondkeeper 2005 - 2024. Pondkeeper is registered in England, Registration no. 5601027. Our VAT number is GB 875 4886 60.
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TOPEKA, KAN. ----- Kansas Attorney General Derek Schmidt this week asked the U.S. Supreme Court to invalidate the appointments of three members of the National Labor Relations Board, which were made without confirmation by the U.S. Senate.
Schmidt, along with 16 other state attorneys general, filed a brief with the Court, urging it to invalidate the appointments.
President Barack Obama made the appointments to the NLRB by recess appointment, even though the Senate was still periodically meeting when the appointments were made.
"The Constitution gives the states the right to have our voices heard in the selection of presidential nominees through the advice and consent of our elected representatives in the U.S. Senate," Schmidt said. "By unilaterally declaring the Senate to be in recess, the president silenced the states' voices in selecting members to a board whose regulations significantly affect the economy of every state, including Kansas."
The case is NLRB v. Noel Canning. Oral argument in the case is set for January 13, 2014. This is the 14th Supreme Court case in which Kansas has been involved during this term, which began in October and is expected to run through June.


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n computing, a denial-of-service (DoS) attack is an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users, such as to temporarily or indefinitely interrupt or suspend services of a host connected to the Internet. A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) is where the attack source is more than one–and often thousands–of unique IP addresses.
Criminal perpetrators of DoS attacks often target sites or services hosted on high-profile web servers such as banks, credit card payment gateways; but motives of revenge, blackmai or activism can be behind other attacks.
The United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) defines symptoms of denial-of-service attacks to include:
- Unusually slow network performance (opening files or accessing web sites)
- Unavailability of a particular web site
- Inability to access any web site
- Dramatic increase in the number of spam emails received—(this type of DoS attack is considered an e-mail bomb)
- Disconnection of a wireless or wired internet connection
- Long term denial of access to the web or any internet services
Denial-of-service attacks can also lead to problems in the network 'branches' around the actual computer being attacked. For example, the bandwidth of a router between the Internet and a LAN may be consumed by an attack, compromising not only the intended computer, but also the entire network or other computers on the LAN.
If the attack is conducted on a sufficiently large scale, entire geographical regions of Internet connectivity can be compromised without the attacker's knowledge or intent by incorrectly configured or flimsy network infrastructure equipment.
Attack techniques
A denial-of-service attack is characterized by an explicit attempt by attackers to prevent legitimate users of a service from using that service. There are two general forms of DoS attacks: those that crash services and those that flood services.
The most serious attacks are distributed and in many or most cases involve forging of IP sender addresses (IP address spoofing) so that the location of the attacking machines cannot easily be identified, nor can filtering be done based on the source address.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) flood
See also: Smurf attack, Ping flood and Ping of death
A smurf attack relies on misconfigured network devices that allow packets to be sent to all computer hosts on a particular network via the broadcast address of the network, rather than a specific machine. The attacker will send large numbers of IP packets with the source address faked to appear to be the address of the victim. The network's bandwidth is quickly used up, preventing legitimate packets from getting through to their destination.
Ping flood is based on sending the victim an overwhelming number of ping packets, usually using the "ping" command from Unix-like hosts (the -t flag on Windows systems is much less capable of overwhelming a target, also the -l (size) flag does not allow sent packet size greater than 65500 in Windows). It is very simple to launch, the primary requirement being access to greater bandwidth than the victim.
Ping of death is based on sending the victim a malformed ping packet, which will lead to a system crash on a vulnerable system.
(S)SYN flood
See also: SYN flood
A SYN flood occurs when a host sends a flood of TCP/SYN packets, often with a forged sender address. Each of these packets are handled like a connection request, causing the server to spawn a half-open connection, by sending back a TCP/SYN-ACK packet (Acknowledge), and waiting for a packet in response from the sender address (response to the ACK Packet). However, because the sender address is forged, the response never comes. These half-open connections saturate the number of available connections the server can make, keeping it from responding to legitimate requests until after the attack ends.
Teardrop attacks
A teardrop attack involves sending mangled IP fragments with overlapping, over-sized payloads to the target machine. This can crash various operating systems because of a bug in their TCP/IP fragmentation re-assembly code. Windows 3.1x, Windows 95 and Windows NT operating systems, as well as versions of Linux prior to versions 2.0.32 and 2.1.63 are vulnerable to this attack.
(Although in September 2009, a vulnerability in Windows Vista was referred to as a "teardrop attack", this targeted SMB2 which is a higher layer than the TCP packets that teardrop used).
Peer-to-peer attacks
Main article: Direct Connect (protocol) § Direct Connect used for DDoS attacks
Attackers have found a way to exploit a number of bugs in peer-to-peer servers to initiate DDoS attacks. The most aggressive of these peer-to-peer-DDoS attacks exploits DC++. With peer-to-peer there is no botnet and the attacker does not have to communicate with the clients it subverts. Instead, the attacker acts as a "puppet master," instructing clients of large peer-to-peer file sharing hubs to disconnect from their peer-to-peer network and to connect to the victim's website instead.
Permanent denial-of-service attacks
Permanent denial-of-service (PDoS), also known loosely as phlashing, is an attack that damages a system so badly that it requires replacement or reinstallation of hardware. Unlike the distributed denial-of-service attack, a PDoS attack exploits security flaws which allow remote administration on the management interfaces of the victim's hardware, such as routers, printers, or other networking hardware. The attacker uses these vulnerabilities to replace a device's firmware with a modified, corrupt, or defective firmware image—a process which when done legitimately is known as flashing. This therefore "bricks" the device, rendering it unusable for its original purpose until it can be repaired or replaced.
The PDoS is a pure hardware targeted attack which can be much faster and requires fewer resources than using a botnet in a DDoS attack. Because of these features, and the potential and high probability of security exploits on Network Enabled Embedded Devices (NEEDs), this technique has come to the attention of numerous hacker communities.
PhlashDance is a tool created by Rich Smith (an employee of Hewlett-Packard's Systems Security Lab) used to detect and demonstrate PDoS vulnerabilities at the 2008 EUSecWest Applied Security Conference in London.
Application-level floods
Various DoS-causing exploits such as buffer overflow can cause server-running software to get confused and fill the disk space or consume all available memory or CPU time.
Other kinds of DoS rely primarily on brute force, flooding the target with an overwhelming flux of packets, oversaturating its connection bandwidth or depleting the target's system resources. Bandwidth-saturating floods rely on the attacker having higher bandwidth available than the victim; a common way of achieving this today is via distributed denial-of-service, employing a botnet. Another target of DDoS attacks may be to produce added costs for the application operator, when the latter uses resources based on Cloud Computing. In this case normally application used resources are tied to a needed Quality of Service level (e.g. responses should be less than 200 ms) and this rule is usually linked to automated software (e.g. Amazon CloudWatch) to raise more virtual resources from the provider in order to meet the defined QoS levels for the increased requests.The main incentive behind such attacks may be to drive the application owner to raise the elasticity levels in order to handle the increased application traffic, in order to cause financial losses or force them to become less competitive. Other floods may use specific packet types or connection requests to saturate finite resources by, for example, occupying the maximum number of open connections or filling the victim's disk space with logs.
A "banana attack" is another particular type of DoS. It involves redirecting outgoing messages from the client back onto the client, preventing outside access, as well as flooding the client with the sent packets.
An attacker with shell-level access to a victim's computer may slow it until it is unusable or crash it by using a fork bomb.
A kind of application-level DoS attack is XDoS (or XML DoS) which can be controlled by modern web application firewalls (WAFs).
A Nuke is an old denial-of-service attack against computer networks consisting of fragmented or otherwise invalid ICMP packets sent to the target, achieved by using a modified ping utility to repeatedly send this corrupt data, thus slowing down the affected computer until it comes to a complete stop.
A specific example of a nuke attack that gained some prominence is the WinNuke, which exploited the vulnerability in the NetBIOS handler in Windows 95. A string of out-of-band data was sent to TCP port 139 of the victim's machine, causing it to lock up and display a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD).
HTTP POST DDOS attack
First discovered in 2009, the HTTP POST attack sends a complete, legitimate HTTP POST header, which includes a 'Content-Length' field to specify the size of the message body to follow. However, the attacker then proceeds to send the actual message body at an extremely slow rate (e.g. 1 byte/110 seconds). Due to the entire message being correct and complete, the target server will attempt to obey the 'Content-Length' field in the header, and wait for the entire body of the message to be transmitted, hence slowing it down. Further combined with the fact that Apache will, by default, accept requests up to 2GB in size, this attack can be particularly powerful. HTTP POST attacks are difficult to differentiate from legitimate connections, and are therefore able to bypass some protection systems. OWASP, an open source web application security project, has released a testing tool to test the security of servers against this type of attack.
R-U-Dead-Yet? (RUDY)
This attack targets web applications by starvation of available sessions on the web server. Much like Slowloris, RUDY keeps sessions at halt using never-ending POST transmissions and sending an arbitrarily large content-length header value.
Slow Read attack
Slow Read attack sends legitimate application layer requests but reads responses very slowly, thus trying to exhaust the server's connection pool. Slow reading is achieved by advertising a very small number for the TCP Receive Window size and at the same time by emptying clients' TCP receive buffer slowly. That naturally ensures a very low data flow rate.
Distributed attack
A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack occurs when multiple systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted system, usually one or more web servers. Such an attack is often the result of multiple compromised systems (for example a botnet) flooding the targeted system with traffic. A botnet is a network of zombie computers programmed to receive commands without the owners' knowledge. When a server is overloaded with connections, new connections can no longer be accepted. The major advantages to an attacker of using a distributed denial-of-service attack are that multiple machines can generate more attack traffic than one machine, multiple attack machines are harder to turn off than one attack machine, and that the behavior of each attack machine can be stealthier, making it harder to track and shut down. These attacker advantages cause challenges for defense mechanisms. For example, merely purchasing more incoming bandwidth than the current volume of the attack might not help, because the attacker might be able to simply add more attack machines. This after all will end up completely crashing a website for periods of time.
Malware can carry DDoS attack mechanisms; one of the better-known examples of this was MyDoom. Its DoS mechanism was triggered on a specific date and time. This type of DDoS involved hardcoding the target IP address prior to release of the malware and no further interaction was necessary to launch the attack.
A system may also be compromised with a trojan, allowing the attacker to download a zombie agent, or the trojan may contain one. Attackers can also break into systems using automated tools that exploit flaws in programs that listen for connections from remote hosts. This scenario primarily concerns systems acting as servers on the web. Stacheldraht is a classic example of a DDoS tool. It utilizes a layered structure where the attacker uses a client program to connect to handlers, which are compromised systems that issue commands to the zombie agents, which in turn facilitate the DDoS attack. Agents are compromised via the handlers by the attacker, using automated routines to exploit vulnerabilities in programs that accept remote connections running on the targeted remote hosts. Each handler can control up to a thousand agents. In some cases a machine may become part of a DDoS attack with the owner's consent, for example, in Operation Payback, organized by the group Anonymous. These attacks can use different types of internet packets such as: TCP, UDP, ICMP etc.
These collections of systems compromisers are known as botnets. DDoS tools like Stacheldraht still use classic DoS attack methods centered on IP spoofing and amplification like smurf attacks and fraggle attacks (these are also known as bandwidth consumption attacks). SYN floods (also known as resource starvation attacks) may also be used. Newer tools can use DNS servers for DoS purposes. Unlike MyDoom's DDoS mechanism, botnets can be turned against any IP address. Script kiddies use them to deny the availability of well known websites to legitimate users. More sophisticated attackers use DDoS tools for the purposes of extortion – even against their business rivals.
Simple attacks such as SYN floods may appear with a wide range of source IP addresses, giving the appearance of a well distributed DoS. These flood attacks do not require completion of the TCP three way handshake and attempt to exhaust the destination SYN queue or the server bandwidth. Because the source IP addresses can be trivially spoofed, an attack could come from a limited set of sources, or may even originate from a single host. Stack enhancements such as syn cookies may be effective mitigation against SYN queue flooding, however complete bandwidth exhaustion may require involvement.
If an attacker mounts an attack from a single host it would be classified as a DoS attack. In fact, any attack against availability would be classed as a denial-of-service attack. On the other hand, if an attacker uses many systems to simultaneously launch attacks against a remote host, this would be classified as a DDoS attack.
UK's GCHQ has tools built for DDOS, named PREDATORS FACE and ROLLING THUNDER.
See also: DDoS mitigation
Reflected / spoofed attack
A distributed denial-of-service attack may involve sending forged requests of some type to a very large number of computers that will reply to the requests. Using Internet Protocol address spoofing, the source address is set to that of the targeted victim, which means all the replies will go to (and flood) the target. (This reflected attack form is sometimes called a "DRDOS".)
ICMP Echo Request attacks (Smurf Attack) can be considered one form of reflected attack, as the flooding host(s) send Echo Requests to the broadcast addresses of mis-configured networks, thereby enticing hosts to send Echo Reply packets to the victim. Some early DDoS programs implemented a distributed form of this attack.
Many services can be exploited to act as reflectors, some harder to block than others. US-CERT have observed that different services implies in different amplification factors, as you can see below:
UDP-based Amplification Attacks
Protocol | Bandwidth Amplification Factor |
CharGen | 358.8 |
DNS | up to 179 |
Quake Network Protocol | 63.9 |
BitTorrent | 4.0 - 54.3 |
Kad | 16.3 |
SNMPv2 | 6.3 |
Steam Protocol | 5.5 |
NetBIOS | 3.8 |
DNS amplification attacks involve a new mechanism that increased the amplification effect, using a much larger list of DNS servers than seen earlier. SNMP and NTP can also be exploited as reflector in an amplification attack.
Telephony denial-of-service (TDoS)
Voice over IP has made abusive origination of large numbers of telephone voice calls inexpensive and readily automated while permitting call origins to be misrepresented through caller ID spoofing.
According to the US Federal Bureau of Investigation, telephony denial-of-service (TDoS) has appeared as part of various fraudulent schemes:
- A scammer contacts the victim's banker or broker, impersonating the victim to request a funds transfer. The banker's attempt to contact the victim for verification of the transfer fails as the victim's telephone lines are being flooded with thousands of bogus calls, rendering the victim unreachable.
- A scammer contacts consumers with a bogus claim to collect an outstanding payday loan for thousands of dollars. When the consumer objects, the scammer retaliates by flooding the victim's employer with thousands of automated calls. In some cases, displayed caller ID is spoofed to impersonate police or law enforcement agencies.
- A scammer contacts consumers with a bogus debt collection demand and threatens to send police; when the victim balks, the scammer floods local police numbers with calls on which caller ID is spoofed to display the victims number. Police soon arrive at the victim's residence attempting to find the origin of the calls.
Telephony denial-of-service can exist even without Internet telephony. In the 2002 New Hampshire Senate election phone jamming scandal, telemarketers were used to flood political opponents with spurious calls to jam phone banks on election day. Widespread publication of a number can also flood it with enough calls to render it unusable, as happened with multiple +1-area code-867-5309 subscribers inundated by hundreds of misdialed calls daily in response to a popular song 867-5309/Jenny.
TDoS differs from other telephone harassment (such as prank calls and obscene phone calls) by the number of calls originated; by occupying lines continuously with repeated automated calls, the victim is prevented from making or receiving both routine and emergency telephone calls.
Related exploits include SMS flooding attacks and black fax or fax loop transmission.
Denial-of-service Level II
The goal of DoS L2 (possibly DDoS) attack is to cause a launching of a defense mechanism which blocks the network segment from which the attack originated. In case of distributed attack or IP header modification (that depends on the kind of security behavior) it will fully block the attacked network from the Internet, but without system crash.
Advanced Persistent DoS (APDoS)
An APDoS is more likely to be perpetrated by an advanced persistent threat (APT): actors who are well resourced, exceptionally skilled and have access to substantial commercial grade computer resources and capacity. APDoS attacks represent a clear and emerging threat needing specialised monitoring and incident response services and the defensive capabilities of specialised DDoS mitigation service providers. This type of attack involves massive network layer DDoS attacks through to focused application layer (HTTP) floods, followed by repeated (at varying intervals) SQLI and XSS attacks. Typically, the perpetrators can simultaneously use from 2 to 5 attack vectors involving up to several tens of millions of requests per second, often accompanied by large SYN floods that can not only attack the victim but also any service provider implementing any sort of managed DDoS mitigation capability. These attacks can persist for several weeks- the longest continuous period noted so far lasted 38 days. This APDoS attack involved approximately 50+ petabits (51,000+ terabits) of malicious traffic. Attackers in this scenario may (or often will) tactically switch between several targets to create a diversion to evade defensive DDoS countermeasures but all the while eventually concentrating the main thrust of the attack onto a single victim. In this scenario, threat actors with continuous access to several very powerful network resources are capable of sustaining a prolonged campaign generating enormous levels of un-amplified DDoS traffic.
APDoS attacks are characterised by:
- Advanced reconnaissance (pre-attack OSINT and extensive decoyed scanning crafted to evade detection over long periods)
- Tactical execution (attack with a primary and secondary victims but focus is on Primary)
- Explicit motivation (a calculated end game/goal target)
- Large computing capacity (access to substantial computer power and network bandwidth resources)
- Simultaneous multi-threaded ISO layer attacks (sophisticated tools operating at layers 3 through 7)
- Persistence over extended periods (utilising all the above into a concerted, well managed attack across a range of targets)
DDoS Extortion
In 2015, DDoS botnets such as DD4BC grew in prominence, taking aim at financial institutions. Cyber-extortionists typically begin with a low-level attack and a warning that a larger attack will be carried out if a ransom is not paid in Bitcoin. Security experts recommend targeted websites to not pay the ransom.
Attack tools
A wide array of programs are used to launch DoS-attacks.
In cases such as MyDoom the tools are embedded in malware, and launch their attacks without the knowledge of the system owner. Stacheldraht is a classic example of a DDoS tool. It utilizes a layered structure where the attacker uses a client program to connect to handlers, which are compromised systems that issue commands to the zombie agents, which in turn facilitate the DDoS attack. Agents are compromised via the handlers by the attacker, using automated routines to exploit vulnerabilities in programs that accept remote connections running on the targeted remote hosts. Each handler can control up to a thousand agents.
In other cases a machine may become part of a DDoS attack with the owner's consent, for example, in Operation Payback, organized by the group Anonymous. The LOIC has typically been used in this way.
UK's GCHQ has tools built for DDOS, named PREDATORS FACE and ROLLING THUNDER.
Defense techniques
Defensive responses to denial-of-service attacks typically involve the use of a combination of attack detection, traffic classification and response tools, aiming to block traffic that they identify as illegitimate and allow traffic that they identify as legitimate.
A list of prevention and response tools is provided below:
In the case of a simple attack, a firewall could have a simple rule added to deny all incoming traffic from the attackers, based on protocols, ports or the originating IP addresses.
More complex attacks will however be hard to block with simple rules: for example, if there is an ongoing attack on port 80 (web service), it is not possible to drop all incoming traffic on this port because doing so will prevent the server from serving legitimate traffic. Additionally, firewalls may be too deep in the network hierarchy, with routers being adversely affected before the traffic gets to the firewall.
Most switches have some rate-limiting and ACL capability. Some switches provide automatic and/or system-wide rate limiting, traffic shaping, delayed binding (TCP splicing), deep packet inspection and Bogon filtering (bogus IP filtering) to detect and remediate denial-of-service attacks through automatic rate filtering and WAN Link failover and balancing.
These schemes will work as long as the DoS attacks can be prevented by using them. For example, SYN flood can be prevented using delayed binding or TCP splicing. Similarly content based DoS may be prevented using deep packet inspection. Attacks originating from dark addresses or going to dark addresses can be prevented using bogon filtering. Automatic rate filtering can work as long as set rate-thresholds have been set correctly and granularly. Wan-link failover will work as long as both links have DoS/DDoS prevention mechanism.
Similar to switches, routers have some rate-limiting and ACL capability. They, too, are manually set. Most routers can be easily overwhelmed under a DoS attack. Cisco IOS has optional features that can reduce the impact of flooding.
Application front end hardware
Application front end hardware is intelligent hardware placed on the network before traffic reaches the servers. It can be used on networks in conjunction with routers and switches. Application front end hardware analyzes data packets as they enter the system, and then identifies them as priority, regular, or dangerous. There are more than 25 bandwidth management vendors.
Application level Key Completion Indicators
In order to meet the case of application level DDoS attacks against Cloud based applications, approaches may be based on an application layer analysis, to indicate whether an incoming traffic bulk is legitimate or not and thus enable the triggering of elasticity decisions without the economical implications of a DDoS attack. These approaches mainly rely on an identified path of value inside the application and monitor the macroscopic progress of the requests in this path, towards the final generation of profit, through markers denoted as Key Completion Indicators
IPS based prevention
Intrusion-prevention systems (IPS) are effective if the attacks have signatures associated with them. However, the trend among the attacks is to have legitimate content but bad intent. Intrusion-prevention systems which work on content recognition cannot block behavior-based DoS attacks.
An ASIC based IPS may detect and block denial-of-service attacks because they have the processing power and the granularity to analyze the attacks and act like a circuit breaker in an automated way.
A rate-based IPS (RBIPS) must analyze traffic granularly and continuously monitor the traffic pattern and determine if there is traffic anomaly. It must let the legitimate traffic flow while blocking the DoS attack traffic.
DDS based defense
More focused on the problem than IPS, a DoS Defense System (DDS) can block connection-based DoS attacks and those with legitimate content but bad intent. A DDS can also address both protocol attacks (such as Teardrop and Ping of death) and rate-based attacks (such as ICMP floods and SYN floods).
Blackholing and sinkholing
With blackholing, all the traffic to the attacked DNS or IP address is sent to a "black hole" (null interface or a non-existent server). To be more efficient and avoid affecting network connectivity, it can be managed by the ISP.
Sinkholing routes traffic to a valid IP address which analyzes traffic and rejects bad packets. Sinkholing is not efficient for most severe attacks.
Clean pipes
All traffic is passed through a "cleaning center" or a "scrubbing center" via various methods such as proxies, tunnels or even direct circuits, which separates "bad" traffic (DDoS and also other common internet attacks) and only sends good traffic beyond to the server. The provider needs central connectivity to the Internet to manage this kind of service unless they happen to be located within the same facility as the "cleaning center" or "scrubbing center".
Examples of providers of this service:
- A10 Networks
- Arbor Networks
- F5 Networks
- Incapsula
- Neustar Inc
- Prolexic Technologies
- Sprint
- Staminus Communications
- Tata Communications
- Verisign
- Verizon
Unintentional denial-of-service
An Unintentional denial-of-service can occur when a system ends up denied, not due to a deliberate attack by a single individual or group of individuals, but simply due to a sudden enormous spike in popularity. This can happen when an extremely popular website posts a prominent link to a second, less well-prepared site, for example, as part of a news story. The result is that a significant proportion of the primary site's regular users – potentially hundreds of thousands of people – click that link in the space of a few hours, having the same effect on the target website as a DDoS attack. A VIPDoS is the same, but specifically when the link was posted by a celebrity.
When Michael Jackson died in 2009, websites such as Google and Twitter slowed down or even crashed. Many sites' servers thought the requests were from a virus or spyware trying to cause a denial-of-service attack, warning users that their queries looked like "automated requests from a computer virus or spyware application".
News sites and link sites – sites whose primary function is to provide links to interesting content elsewhere on the Internet – are most likely to cause this phenomenon. The canonical example is the Slashdot effect when receiving traffic from Slashdot. Sites such as Reddit, Digg, the Drudge Report, Fark, Something Awful, and the webcomic Penny Arcade have their own corresponding "effects", known as "the Reddit hug of death", "the Digg effect", being "drudged", "farking", "goonrushing" and "wanging"; respectively.
Routers have also been known to create unintentional DoS attacks, as both D-Link and Netgear routers have created NTP vandalism by flooding NTP servers without respecting the restrictions of client types or geographical limitations.
Similar unintentional denials-of-service can also occur via other media, e.g. when a URL is mentioned on television. If a server is being indexed by Google or another search engine during peak periods of activity, or does not have a lot of available bandwidth while being indexed, it can also experience the effects of a DoS attack.
Legal action has been taken in at least one such case. In 2006, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment Corporation sued YouTube: massive numbers of would-be youtube.com users accidentally typed the tube company's URL, utube.com. As a result, the tube company ended up having to spend large amounts of money on upgrading their bandwidth. The company appears to have taken advantage of the situation, with utube.com now containing ads for advertisement revenue.
In March 2014, after Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 went missing, DigitalGlobe launched a crowdsourcing service on which users could help search for the missing jet in satellite images. The response overwhelmed the company's servers.
An unintentional denial-of-service may also result from a prescheduled event created by the website itself. This could be caused when a server provides some service at a specific time. This might be a university website setting the grades to be available where it will result in many more login requests at that time than any other.
Side effects of attacks
See also: Backscatter (email) and Internet background noise
In computer network security, backscatter is a side-effect of a spoofed denial-of-service attack. In this kind of attack, the attacker spoofs (or forges) the source address in IP packets sent to the victim. In general, the victim machine cannot distinguish between the spoofed packets and legitimate packets, so the victim responds to the spoofed packets as it normally would. These response packets are known as backscatter.
If the attacker is spoofing source addresses randomly, the backscatter response packets from the victim will be sent back to random destinations. This effect can be used by network telescopes as indirect evidence of such attacks.
The term "backscatter analysis" refers to observing backscatter packets arriving at a statistically significant portion of the IP address space to determine characteristics of DoS attacks and victims.
See also: Computer crime
Many jurisdictions have laws under which denial-of-service attacks are illegal.
- In the US, denial-of-service attacks may be considered a federal crime under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act with penalties that include years of imprisonment. The Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section of the US Department of Justice handles cases of (D)DoS.
- The United Kingdom is unusual in that it specifically outlawed denial-of-service attacks and set a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison with the Police and Justice Act 2006, which amended the Computer Misuse Act 1990.
On January 7, 2013, Anonymous posted a petition on the whitehouse.gov site asking that DDoS be recognized as a legal form of protest similar to the Occupy protests.


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Mother's Day 2023 #10
Limited Edition Mother's Day 2023 Colorways
Mother's Day is such a special celebration ... a usually happy time; bittersweet for us this year because we lost my mother last year. She was a gracious lady of many talents with a kind and loving heart and the dearest sweet smile. Losing her hurt beyond description, but I intend to celebrate her life this Mother's Day is happiness and warmth and to say to bittersweet sadness, "Not today."
During the month of May we will help you celebrate your own mothers and grand/great grand-mothers colorfully and beautifully in our hand painted luxurious yarns. We will get as much of the yarn shipped before Mother's Day as we can but will continue dyeing and shipping all overflow orders throughout the month of May.
Kit Choices, and What You Get
Single Semi-Solid Color: A semi-solid inspired by the most prominent color in this photo, on the yarn base you wish and in any quantity needed. (100g yarn each).
2-Color Brioche Kit: (200g) Two 100g highly contrasting colors. One is a very dark semi-solid, the other is a light colorway with colorful speckles and splashes.
3-Color Palette: (300g) Three colorways inspired by this photo, ready to become your next most beautiful shawl!
5-Color Shawlography Kit: (500g) Five colorways designed to work perfectly for Steven West's "Shawlography" pattern (or any similar multi-color shawl). Colors: Semi-solids and tonals in various contrasting strengths of color and complementary colors.
Our hand painted yarns are micro-brewed by individual fine artists. Variations between hanks reflect the beauty of these one-of-a-kind, artist creations. When you order multiple hanks in the same colorway, they are dyed in one batch and great care is taken to match hue, tint/shade, variegation, and sprinkles. Even with that, there may be some variations between hanks ... such is the nature of our fine art fiber products.
Processing Times: All orders for these limited edition colors will be processed in the order they are received. Please check --> here for the latest updates to our processing times.


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Example of an iodine locket used as a charm and amulet
Often used in cleaning and as a water treatment disinfectant for equipment and areas where livestock are kept.
"If you care to go to school go to the honey bees, fowl, cats, dogs, goats, mink, calves, dairy cows, bulls and horses and allow them to teach you their ways, you will gain an insight into physiological and biochemical medicine not to be learned from medical books. Verified by observing results in animals, this medicine, which is passed from generation to generation by word of mouth enables great numbers of Vermonters to continue carrying heavy daily work loads and to go on well past the Scriptural three-score-and-ten years into good physical and mental vigor, good digestion, good eyesight and good hearing, avoiding senility to the very end." Dr. D.C. Jarvis
Shipping Costs Hint:You will save on shipping by increasing the items in your order. We ship internationally.
Free Shipping automatically applies to the many products offered with that option.
Any statements made on this site have not been evaluated by the FDA and are not intended to diagnose, treat or cure any disease or condition.This site contains curious, accumulated medical wisdom from times gone by. No claims are made with respect to efficacy for any purpose whatsoever. All items are offered and sold as Talisman only. Talisman are objects which confer power of various kinds upon those who wear them or own them. Always consult your professional health care provider.
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Returns/Options to cancel
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The Final Live@8 happened on the 30th June 2013 at Canrawer, Oughterard, Co. Galway.
Responding to the theme "The intimate requires separate dwellings" (Luce Irigaray The Way of Love 2002 )
Screening and discussion with Sarah Pucill (UK) of
"Magic Mirror" 2013, 16 mm transferred to digital video, 75 min
The first screening in Ireland of Sarah Pucill's new film exploring the work of surrealist Claude Cahun. Part essay, part film poem, Magic Mirror translates the startling force of Claude Cahun's ouvre into a choreographed series of tableaux vivants. Re-staging the French Surrealist's black and white photographs with selected extracts from her book Aveux Non Avenus (Confessions Cut Off), the film explores the links between Cahun's photographs and writings. Sarah Pucill has been making 16mm films since 1990. Her work has been exhibited in museums, film festivals and galleries internationally. This film premiered this April at Tate Modern in London and there will be a screening of the film at ICA late September 2013. It was funded by ACE and is distributed by LUX.
Screening of Louise Manifold's "In Death and Fiction" 2013 HD video 6 mins
Live performances by Brian Patterson (NI) and Elvira Santamaria (Mexico), John Conway (IR), Ceara Conway (IR) Isabella Oberlander (AUS) and LisaMarie Johnson (IRE).
image courtesy of Sarah Pucill 2013
Live@8 was a regular contemporary art evening in Galway 2008 - 2013, showing the work of Irish and International artists who make video, film, live art, sound and installation in a social context. Organised by Vivienne Dick, Maeve Mulrennan and Áine Phillips,
Live@8 was hosted by Eight Bar & Restaurant, 8 Dock Rd, Galway and supported by Tulca, 126 Gallery and funded by Galway City Council and the Arts Council of Ireland.
Thursday, April 28, 2011
About Live@8
Live@8 was a bi-monthly inter-disciplinary live event in Galway, presenting new contemporary art performance, video, film, sound and music in a social context. Organised by Vivienne Dick, Maeve Mulrennan and Áine Phillips it ran from April 2008 to June 2013. Live@8 has shown and presented the work of hundreds of live artists, film makers, musicians and creatives, with each event guest curated by notable Irish and international curators and artists. Live@8 was produced by Bar 8 The Docks, and has previously been supported by Tulca, Gallery 126, The Arts Council Project Award and Galway City Council Arts Office. The aim of Live@8 was to show high quality experimental and international live, sound and screen based art to local audiences, support local artists, show national and international work of excellence and to build audiences through the encounter with exciting new art in a relaxed social context.
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Technical Assistance
As one of the core functions required of all University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities by the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act as amended in 1984 (The DD Act), the Institute on Disabilities has been involved in technical assistance activities.
Technical assistance was defined in the 1987 amendments to the DD Act as a "a wide array of activities designed to facilitate individual or agency change in some systematic manner by providing expertise in problem solving."
Technical Assistance at the Institute on Disabilities
The Institute on Disabilities provides technical assistance at the local, state, national and international levels to individuals, agencies and government entities. Technical assistance activities focus on increasing the independence, productivity and inclusion of all people with developmental disabilities.
Currently, technical assistance activities focus on the following areas:
- Assistive Technology - conducting needs assessments
- Community Living - assisting support providers in the development of quality improvement plans to increase the achievement of personal outcomes for people they support; assisting counties and state governments in developing quality improvement systems that are customer-focused and customer-responsive
- Family Support - assisting in the evaluation of current family support systems, making recommendations for improvements
- Personnel Preparation - providing assistance to faculty members as they learn to teach all children
- Consumer Empowerment - providing assistance to various entities in the development of consumer surveys, etc.
- Development of individual budgets
Funding Sources
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
- National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR)
- Pennsylvania Office of Developmental Programs (ODP)
- Philadelphia Intellectual disAbility Services (IDS)
- PA Developmental Disabilities Council
For more information about Technical Assistance please contact
Jenifer Taylor Eaton, Lead Research Associate


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Working independently, three teams of researchers have developed a clear picture of the structure and mechanism of the misshapen, threadlike proteins—called prions in their infectious form—that are the hallmarks of mad cow disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and 19 other brain-wasting diseases.
Scientists have long suspected that something about the prions' shape makes them infectious. In the communicable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (mad cow in humans), the unusual filaments build up into clumps inside cells. Earlier studies gave only hazy images of their structure. "Proteins are the machines of the body and of pathogens," says David Eisenberg of UCLA. "To interfere with them we have to be able to see them and how they work together—just as you would if you tried to fix a car."
Using three complementary approaches, the groups took different snapshots of the prions' mechanics. One team, from the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, found that when proteins form a disorganized goo, they can foster the creation of filaments.
Meanwhile, Eisenberg and his group zoomed in on a yeast prion, discovering that it had interlocking teeth like a zipper, which contorted the proteins into a ropelike shape. Unlike a zipper, however, once closed, the prion can't reopen. A third international team showed that the core of this zipper drives infections, converting other proteins.


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SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. (AP) — As U.S. sports leagues weigh whether to bar fans from ballparks and stadiums to help stall the coronavirus outbreak, San Francisco Giants pitcher Jeff Samardzija is one of the few players who can tell them exactly what that feels like.
"It's not very fun," he said.
Samardzija pitched for the Chicago White Sox in a 2015 game played without fans in Baltimore due to civil unrest in the city. It was a bizarre scene at Camden Yards — a sun-drenched stadium, empty except for the teams — but something that has already become common internationally and could happen in the U.S. if there's no slowdown to the spread of the COVID-19 strain that has infected more than 100,000 people worldwide.
The global virus outbreak has caused concern about cramming tens of thousands of fans in for games that technically can go on without them.
Sports leagues in Europe, Asia and the Middle East have already locked supporters out of venues, and the NBA sent a memo to its franchises Friday warning them to prepare for the possibility that it may have to host games without fans.
While U.S. sports leagues have been in regular contact with each other regarding the outbreak, MLB and the NHL have not yet issued similar notices.
Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred plans to discuss the coronavirus with team owners in a conference call Monday — the first league-wide call between clubs and the commissioner about the outbreak. But at this stage, the league plans to open the season in 2 1/2 weeks as planned.
With the situation evolving quickly, athletes in the U.S. are becoming aware — and concerned — about the possibility of playing behind closed doors.
Los Angeles Lakers star LeBron James said Friday he "ain't playing if I ain't got the fans in the crowd," and other players also said they'd be disappointed to suit up for empty seats.
"Boring. Boring," Chicago White Sox shortstop Tim Anderson said. "We get the energy from our fans. It would suck, man."
Virus concerns are greater in some pockets of the country — like in Washington state, which has reported 16 deaths and more than 100 people diagnosed.
Fears around the outbreak have already affected sports attendance there. The Seattle Sounders drew 33,080 fans Saturday night, the smallest crowd for an MLS regular season match in the soccer-crazed city since the club's inaugural season in 2009.
"That would be an odd one to play in an empty stadium," Sounders coach Brian Schmetzer said. "It'd be like `OK, we're playing, but something is missing.'"
Washington officials are already cautioning residents to avoid large gatherings — and one of the biggest on the schedule is when the Mariners host the Texas Rangers for opening day March 26.
Seattle, like all other big league clubs, has been monitoring the situation in conjunction with MLB and taken precautions around its spring training complex in Peoria, Arizona. But Mariners vice president of communications Tim Hevly said that at this stage, "we have no specific concerns or precautions based on what is happening in Washington."
"These decisions will be made by Major League Baseball with the Mariner people that sit in a higher chair than I'm in," Seattle manager Scott Servais said. "It is serious, it is really serious. Something that we do not look lightly at. … But hopefully it gets calmed down a little bit."
Spring training routines have been gently adjusted — hand-washing has gone up, autograph meet-and-greets with fans have been tweaked, and Servais said the Mariners have re-jiggered some dugout handshakes — but overwhelmingly, players have said they and their families have been unaffected.
All of which makes it hard to fathom that fans could be barred at some point.
"It would be weird," said Mariners pitcher Taijuan Walker, who said he hadn't played baseball without at least a few thousand fans in attendance since he was in the minor leagues.
"Certainly you want to make the right decision for our fans, everybody that's close to the game," Servais said. "We still need to play our games, if we can, but that's not for me to decide. We'll adhere to the decisions that are made. We are planning on playing a complete season this year, and I'm sure we will."
The International Ice Hockey Federation said Saturday it was canceling the women's world hockey championships in Canada, and Division III NCAA basketball tournament games were held at an empty venue at Johns Hopkins this weekend.
The sports calendar is loaded with major events in the next few months that may also be forced to adjust, including the NCAA basketball tournament and the Masters.
Golf star Rory McIlroy said he'd understand if officials kept fans away from Augusta National.
"I think people would see a lot more of the golf course," he said. "It would be kind of cool. But obviously, I'd rather play the Masters with people there than without.
"It would be just like having an early tee time on the PGA Tour, anyway," he added. "I guess for a few guys, it wouldn't be that much different."
For many athletes, there's also skepticism that leagues might go to such extremes.
"I heard (LeBron's) comment on that," Atlanta Hawks guard Trae Young said. "Not playing with fans is going to be weird. Honestly, I don't see that happening. I couldn't play."
Of course, it's happened before. White Sox pitcher Carlos Rodon watched most of the locked-down 2015 game in Baltimore from the bullpen, and he remembered it being so quiet, he could hear every word said by Orioles center fielder Adam Jones.
"There was like only scouts and us, so you could just hear people talking in the dugout," Rodon said. "It was just odd because it almost echoed because there was no one in there."
That was believed to be the first big league game played without fans, and it was a one-off — a scheduling necessity to get the game in after rioting in Baltimore prompted by the death of Freddie Gray, a 25-year-old black man who died in police custody.
"A completely different situation," Samardzija said.
If virus-related lockouts prove necessary, it's hard to see them being so isolated. If the spread slows, the sports schedule likely will go on as planned. If not, millions of ticket holders might be forced to stay away in cities all over the country.
"Obviously health is first and playing games is second, so we just need to make sure everything's taken care of and wrapped up so people can come enjoy these games," Samardzija said. "But I wouldn't recommend playing them in empty stadiums."


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I know plenty of people who live for Thanksgiving. They love the whole get up: the turkey roasted to a perfect golden brown, the cranberry sauce, the big family get-together, the Macy's Thanksgiving parade, the whole shebang. But I have a growing group of friends who shun tradition and have created non-traditions of their own. You can go out to dinner instead of having everyone over or take in a movie after the big meal. You can even throw a movie night and order pizza and invite a bunch of friends over. John and I have even gone out for dim sum!
Whatever your plans are this Thanksgiving, I hope you are surrounded by family and friends and eating great food, homemade or not.
Now, on to those leftovers!
Please, please, please do not let that turkey carcass sit out on the counter all evening. After carving and serving, cut off all the meat and refrigerate for sandwiches or to add to soup. Break up the carcass and throw in a big pot of water and make stock for turkey soup later in the week.
I hope you'll try one of my favorite Thanksgiving recipes, my Blue Cheese Scalloped Potatoes. And Komo's Lisa Brooks has also shared her fantastic recipe for Corn Pudding! She says it's even great the next day for breakfast with maple syrup on it! Enjoy.
Blue Cheese Scalloped Potatoes
Makes 12 servings
5 pounds russet potatoes
1 tablespoon salt
1/2 teaspoon black pepper
1 teaspoon minced fresh thyme
1 teaspoon minced fresh rosemary
3/4 cup (3 ounces) crumbled blue cheese
3/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese
1 cup sour cream
2 cups cream
Preheat an oven to 350°F. Butter a 9- by 13-inch glass baking dish.
Peel and slice the potatoes 1/4-inch thick. Toss them in a large bowl with 2 teaspoons of the salt and the pepper, thyme, and rosemary. In a small bowl toss together the cheeses.
Layer half the potatoes in the buttered baking dish. Sprinkle with half the cheese mixture and top with the remaining potatoes.
In a bowl, whisk together the sour cream, cream, and remaining 1 teaspoon salt and pour over the potatoes. Tap the baking dish on the counter to spread out the sauce and help release any air bubbles. Sprinkle with the remaining cheese mixture.
Bake the potatoes for about 11/4 to 1 1/2 hours, or until browned and completely tender all the way through when poked with a knife. Serve immediately.
You can also make these in advance and store, covered and refrigerated, for up to 2 days. Bring to room temperature and reheat in a 350°F oven until hot.
Chef's Tips:
Guests are very impressed when I serve these potatoes as individual round towers. Little do they know how easy it is: Chill the cooked potatoes totally, then cut them into 12 circles with a deep, 2 1/2-inch cutter. Place the potato circles on a parchment-lined baking sheet and refrigerate until needed. Reheat them in a 400°F oven until warmed through and nicely browned.
Recipe from Dishing with Kathy Casey: Food, Fun & Cocktails from Seattle's Culinary Diva, Sasquatch Books, Seattle. Copyright © 2002 by Kathy Casey.
Lisa's Note: I usually do half-again as much or even double it. And it bakes fine that way.
4 cups frozen corn kernels (about 19 ounces), thawed (reserve 2/3 cup corn for later mix-in)
4 large eggs
1 cup whipping cream
1/2 cup whole milk
6 tablespoons sugar
1/2 stick butter at room temperature
2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
2 teaspoons baking powder
1 teaspoon salt
Preheat oven to 350
Butter a 8x8x2 glass baking dish
Blend all ingredients in food processor until almost smooth. Just before pouring batter into the dish, stir in the 2/3 cup reserved whole corn. This makes a great texture.
Bake pudding until brown and center is just set, about 45 minutes.
Cool 10 minutes. Serves 6-8.
Lisa's Tip: This is GREAT re-heated the day after Thanksgiving with some maple syrup on top. Yummy breakfast treat!


text: As soon as racing drivers take off their helmets, they put on sporty baseball caps to indicate which team they belong to. You can also show your allegiance with one of wide selection of Porsche peaked caps. Some are decorated with the Porsche logo or the Porsche crest and others with an embroidered 911 logo. The workmanship and materials are first class and the caps are soft on your skin and comfortable to wear. Wearing a Porsche cap in your free time or at a sporting event indicates your love of motor sports in general and Porsche in particular.


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If you hide your smile in embarrassment because it's less than perfect, dental veneers can help. In just a few visits with Brian Borodaty, D.M.D. in Pittsburgh, your teeth can look straight and white. You'll be able to let go of feeling self-conscious and show off your natural smile - and you'll be surprised at how affordable veneers can be.
Porcelain veneers are individually made to cover flawed teeth. The surface of each tooth is prepared, and a custom made veneer is laminated onto it. Composite veneers are made of resin that is applied, sculpted and polished directly on each tooth. Both types of veneers are permanent, and can last for years with good oral hygiene.
Veneers can dramatically change the appearance of your teeth if they're yellowed from age, discolored from a root canal, cracked, chipped or gapped. By transforming cosmetic flaws on a single tooth or on several teeth, veneers can restore your confidence. They can help you feel relaxed again in the company of other people – whether you're among friends or in professional situations.
Call Pittsburgh dentist Dr. Borodaty at (855) 842-3752to schedule a personal evaluation for dental veneers. Imagine how confident you'll feel flashing your bright, white smile!


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You are here: irt.org | FOLDOC | ASCIIbonics
<chat> (From ASCII and Ebonics) A style of text communication in English which is most common on talk systems such as irc. Its notable characteristics are:
Typing all in lowercase (and occasionally all in uppercase).
Copious use of abbreviations of the sort "u" for "you" "1" for "one" (and therefore "some1" for "someone", "ne1" for "anyone"), "2" for "to", "r" for "are", etc.
A general lack of punctuation, except for strings of question marks and exclamation marks.
Common use of the idiom "m or f?", meant to elicit a statement of the listener's gender.
Typical extended discourse in ASCIIbonics: "hey wasup ne1 want 2 cyber?" "m or f?"
ASCIIbonics is similar to the way B1FF talked, although B1FF used more punctuation (lots more), and used all uppercase, rather than all lowercase. What's more, B1FF was only interested in warez, and so never asked "m or f?".
It has been widely observed that some of the purest examples of ASCIIbonics come from non-native speakers of English.
The phenomenon of ASCIIbonics predates by several years the use of the word "ASCIIbonics", as the word could only have been coined in or after late 1996, when "Ebonics" was first used in the US media to denote the US English dialects known in the linguistic literature as "Black Vernacular English".
Nearby terms: ASCII « ASCII art « ASCIIbetical order « ASCIIbonics » ASCII character table » ASCII graphics » ASDIMPL
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