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Tcl_ConvertElement (3) - Linux Manuals
Tcl_ConvertElement: manipulate Tcl lists
Tcl_SplitList, Tcl_Merge, Tcl_ScanElement, Tcl_ConvertElement, Tcl_ScanCountedElement, Tcl_ConvertCountedElement - manipulate Tcl lists
#include <tcl.h> int Tcl_SplitList(interp, list, argcPtr, argvPtr) char * Tcl_Merge(argc, argv) int Tcl_ScanElement(src, flagsPtr) int Tcl_ScanCountedElement(src, length, flagsPtr) int Tcl_ConvertElement(src, dst, flags) int Tcl_ConvertCountedElement(src, length, dst, flags)
- Tcl_Interp *interp (out) Interpreter to use for error reporting. If NULL, then no error message is left.
- char *list (in) Pointer to a string with proper list structure.
- int *argcPtr (out) Filled in with number of elements in list.
- const char ***argvPtr (out) *argvPtr will be filled in with the address of an array of pointers to the strings that are the extracted elements of list. There will be *argcPtr valid entries in the array, followed by a NULL entry.
- int argc (in) Number of elements in argv.
- const char *const *argv (in) Array of strings to merge together into a single list. Each string will become a separate element of the list.
- const char *src (in) String that is to become an element of a list.
- int *flagsPtr (in) Pointer to word to fill in with information about src. The value of *flagsPtr must be passed to Tcl_ConvertElement.
- int length (in) Number of bytes in string src.
- char *dst (in) Place to copy converted list element. Must contain enough characters to hold converted string.
int flags (in)
Information about src. Must be value returned by previous
call to Tcl_ScanElement, possibly OR-ed
with TCL_DONT_USE_BRACES.
These procedures may be used to disassemble and reassemble Tcl lists. Tcl_SplitList breaks a list up into its constituent elements, returning an array of pointers to the elements using argcPtr and argvPtr. While extracting the arguments, Tcl_SplitList obeys the usual rules for backslash substitutions and braces. The area of memory pointed to by *argvPtr is dynamically allocated; in addition to the array of pointers, it also holds copies of all the list elements. It is the caller's responsibility to free up all of this storage. For example, suppose that you have called Tcl_SplitList with the following code:
int argc, code; char *string; char **argv; ... code = Tcl_SplitList(interp, string, &argc, &argv);
Tcl_Free((char *) argv);
Tcl_SplitList normally returns TCL_OK, which means the list was successfully parsed. If there was a syntax error in list, then TCL_ERROR is returned and the interpreter's result will point to an error message describing the problem (if interp was not NULL). If TCL_ERROR is returned then no memory is allocated and *argvPtr is not modified.
Tcl_Merge is the inverse of Tcl_SplitList: it takes a collection of strings given by argc and argv and generates a result string that has proper list structure. This means that commands like index may be used to extract the original elements again. In addition, if the result of Tcl_Merge is passed to Tcl_Eval, it will be parsed into argc words whose values will be the same as the argv strings passed to Tcl_Merge. Tcl_Merge will modify the list elements with braces and/or backslashes in order to produce proper Tcl list structure. The result string is dynamically allocated using Tcl_Alloc; the caller must eventually release the space using Tcl_Free.
If the result of Tcl_Merge is passed to Tcl_SplitList, the elements returned by Tcl_SplitList will be identical to those passed into Tcl_Merge. However, the converse is not true: if Tcl_SplitList is passed a given string, and the resulting argc and argv are passed to Tcl_Merge, the resulting string may not be the same as the original string passed to Tcl_SplitList. This is because Tcl_Merge may use backslashes and braces differently than the original string.
Tcl_ScanElement and Tcl_ConvertElement are the procedures that do all of the real work of Tcl_Merge. Tcl_ScanElement scans its src argument and determines how to use backslashes and braces when converting it to a list element. It returns an overestimate of the number of characters required to represent src as a list element, and it stores information in *flagsPtr that is needed by Tcl_ConvertElement.
Tcl_ConvertElement is a companion procedure to Tcl_ScanElement. It does the actual work of converting a string to a list element. Its flags argument must be the same as the value returned by Tcl_ScanElement. Tcl_ConvertElement writes a proper list element to memory starting at *dst and returns a count of the total number of characters written, which will be no more than the result returned by Tcl_ScanElement. Tcl_ConvertElement writes out only the actual list element without any leading or trailing spaces: it is up to the caller to include spaces between adjacent list elements.
Tcl_ConvertElement uses one of two different approaches to handle the special characters in src. Wherever possible, it handles special characters by surrounding the string with braces. This produces clean-looking output, but cannot be used in some situations, such as when src contains unmatched braces. In these situations, Tcl_ConvertElement handles special characters by generating backslash sequences for them. The caller may insist on the second approach by OR-ing the flag value returned by Tcl_ScanElement with TCL_DONT_USE_BRACES. Although this will produce an uglier result, it is useful in some special situations, such as when Tcl_ConvertElement is being used to generate a portion of an argument for a Tcl command. In this case, surrounding src with curly braces would cause the command not to be parsed correctly.
By default, Tcl_ConvertElement will use quoting in its output to be sure the first character of an element is not the hash character (``#''.) This is to be sure the first element of any list passed to eval is not mis-parsed as the beginning of a comment. When a list element is not the first element of a list, this quoting is not necessary. When the caller can be sure that the element is not the first element of a list, it can disable quoting of the leading hash character by OR-ing the flag value returned by Tcl_ScanElement with TCL_DONT_QUOTE_HASH.
Tcl_ScanCountedElement and Tcl_ConvertCountedElement are the same as Tcl_ScanElement and Tcl_ConvertElement, except the length of string src is specified by the length argument, and the string may contain embedded nulls.
backslash, convert, element, list, merge, split, strings


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Tuesday, August 24, 2010
NYT Senior VP Takes Sides In Empire State Building Dispute, Calling Vornado Realty "An Idiot" On Twitter. (UPDATE: Christie Comments To NYTPicker!)
Christie's comments come only a few months after a NYT reporter, Hiroko Tabuchi, was sharply criticized by NYT's then-Public Editor, Clark Hoyt, for using Twitter to ridicule Toyota, a company she covered.
"Speed is everything," Hoyt remarked of social media networks like Twitter, "and attitude sometimes trumps values like accuracy and restraint."
It's true that Christie works for the corporate end of the NYT Company, and isn't subject to the same rules that govern reporters. Still, it's unsettling to see a top NYT executive take such a public position on a matter that remains undecided by regulatory agencies and the courts.
The basic issue is whether Vornado Realty Trust, a major NYC developer, should be allowed to go ahead with a planned midtown skyscraper that some contend would alter the city's skyline in unappealing ways.
Today's NYT story by Charles V. Bagli -- linked to by Christie in his tweet -- takes no position on the matter; the NYT editorial page has also been silent on the topic.
But Christie -- who prefers to be called "Bob" -- has often used his Twitter feed to express edgy views, and sometimes about his former employer, The Wall Street Journal.
For example, when former WSJ business reporter Peter Lattman left the paper to join the NYT, Christie tweeted the news with a snarky swipe at his former employer:
WSJ gave up on business news. Now great reporters leave. Shock! Welcome Peter. http://bit.ly/bbK28n via @addthis
But today's tweet went beyond boosterism for his new bosses and took sides in a city debate that promises to continue for years. That may not disqualify him for anything -- he doesn't cover the story, after all -- but it strikes us as a personal point of view having no place in the debate, or on a Twitter feed from a NYT executive.
Doesn't the NYT public-relations department have better things to do than tweeting its opinions on the news?
It also seems ill-advised to use words like "idiot" to describe a major NYC real-estate company that has undoubtedly dropped millions of dollars in advertising on his employer over the years. Dontcha think, Bob?
Oh, and Bob, the skyscraper isn't going to be "next to" the Empire State Building. It will be 900 feet away -- which is further apart than Cordoba House will be from Ground Zero.
UPDATE: NYT spokesman Bob Christie, in direct contradiction of the NYT's official policy, has issued a statement to The NYTPicker in response to the above post.
HEY NYT WYT -- I LIVE HERE!" Christie said, in reply to The NYTPicker's earlier post. His comments were made via Twitter.
On April 7, Christie issued this official policy statement to The NYTPicker on behalf of the NYT:
"It is the policy of The New York Times not to respond to bloggers or journalists who refuse to identify themselves and/or their affiliation."
It is unclear at this time whether Christie's comments represent a permanent change in NYT policy.
Here's the original Christie twitter post:
11 comments:
- Anonymous said...
Well, if the New York Times still had a public editor, he could weigh in on it. Any idea what ever did happen to Arthur Brisbane?
Alex - August 24, 2010 at 9:32 AM
- Anonymous said...
Maybe the Vornado building is closer to Christie's residence than it is to the Empire State Building.
As for Brisbane, add his name to the M.I.A. list. - August 24, 2010 at 11:48 AM
- Ken Cady said...
I am with the Times on this one. The Vornado idea is so silly that to make a comment such as that is almost impossible to stop.
- August 24, 2010 at 2:45 PM
- Anonymous said...
Brisbane arrived at work the first week in August. Keller's announcement, earlier, said, "He will take a few weeks to meet us and get the lay of the land before he goes public."
- August 25, 2010 at 8:50 AM
- Anonymous said...
I have yet to see Christie's name attached to a coherent comment from the New York Times. Instead he writes snarky tweets about the Wall Street Journal and stokes his feud with NYTPicker. Is that why they hired this guy?
- August 25, 2010 at 9:01 AM
- Anonymous said...
He only meant, "not the smartest decision maker."
Idiot on twitter is different from a physician calling his patient idiot. - August 25, 2010 at 9:50 AM
- Anonymous said...
brisbane might not be writing any columns yet, but he's apparently giving interviews.
http://ajr.org/Article.asp?id=4899 - August 25, 2010 at 3:33 PM
- Anonymous said...
on a separate subject, check out the NYT on Ken Mehlman:
"Mr. Mehlman was in Mr. Bush's inner circle in both presidential campaigns and ran his campaign in 2004, when the party courted Christian conservatives who oppose same-sex marriage. But Mr. Mehlman, in his work as chairman of the Republican National Committee and as head of Mr. Bush's campaign, tended to personally avoid social issues. "
And THEN check out this blog:
start there and read the dozen or so posts before them. - August 26, 2010 at 7:36 AM
- Sylvia said...
Hurrah for the powers of Twitter! his actions have got people talking and I like it. What a world we live in. Tchnology is a hoot!
- August 26, 2010 at 2:12 PM
- Hunter Walker said...
It's good to see an NYT exec actively engaging on Twitter with humor and irreverence. He's not involved in the coverage, so I'm not sure why it's a problem. The biz side has needed a little more fight in it for a while now.
- August 30, 2010 at 4:17 PM
- Anonymous said...
The odd thing is the Times has tried to maintain a good and upstanding image for its employees, reporters and non-reporters, who use Twitter.
I'm surprised this guy is allowed to use Twitter in such an aggressive and snarky way in an official capacity for the Times.
They've reprimanded other reporters whose Tweets they do not approve of yet this guy goes unchecked. Odd indeed. - August 30, 2010 at 9:04 PM

subset: commoncrawl


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by Charles F Haanel
Share Your Thoughts
Nature compels us all to move through life. We could not remain stationary however much we wished. Every right-thinking person wants not merely to move through life like a sound-producing, perambulating plant, but to develop – to improve – and to continue the development mentally to the close of physical life.
This development can occur only through the improvement of the quality of individual thought and the ideals, actions and conditions that arise as a consequence. Hence a study of the creative processes of thought and how to apply them is of supreme importance to each one of us. This knowledge is the means whereby the evolution of human life on earth may be hastened and uplifted in the process.
Humanity ardently seeks "The Truth" and explores every avenue to it. In this process it has produced a special literature, which ranges the whole gamut of thought from the trivial to the sublime – up from Divination, through all the Philosophies, to the final lofty Truth of "The Master Key".
The "Master Key" is here given to the world as a means of tapping the great Cosmic Intelligence and attracting from it that which corresponds to the ambitions, and aspirations of each reader.
Every thing and institution we see around us, created by human agency, had first to exist as a thought in some human mind. Thought therefore is constructive. Human thought is the spiritual power of the cosmos operating through its creature man. "The Master Key" instructs the reader how to use that power, and use it both constructively and creatively. The things and conditions we desire to become realities we must first create in thought. "The Master Key" explains and guides the process.
"The Master Key" teaching has hitherto been published in the form of a Correspondence Course of 24 lessons, delivered to students one per week for 24 weeks. The reader, who now receives the whole 24 parts at one time, is warned not to attempt to read the book like a novel, but to treat it as a course of study and conscientiously to imbibe the meaning of each part – reading and re-reading one part only per week before proceeding to the next. Otherwise the later parts will tend to be misunderstood and the reader's time and money will be wasted.
Used as thus instructed "The Master Key" will make of the reader a greater, better personality, and equipped with a new power to achieve any worthy personal purpose and a new ability to enjoy life's beauty and wonder
-F.H. Burgess


text:
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Starting This April
To New Audiences
San Diego, CA (January 22, 2015) – IDW Publishing is proud to announce that they will debut a new collection of Disney Comics beginning in March 2015 with the publication of Don Rosa's Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck Artist's Edition, followed by four extra-length comic series launches in April, May, June, and July.
April sees the debut of Uncle Scrooge #1, which will feature the best tales from creators around the world starring the iconic tycoon adventurer. Donald Duck #1 launches in May, Mickey Mouse #1 in June, and in July, Walt Disney's Comics and Stories will maintain the original numbering and launch with #721 as the first IDW issue.
"The chance to bring Disney comics to fans, both old and new, is a fantastic opportunity," said IDW editor Sarah Gaydos. "We cannot wait to get these into the hands of readers!"
All four premiere issues will offer 48 pages of content for $3.99, with subsequent issues offering 40 pages per issue for that same cover price.
"It's the best bargain in the business," said IDW archival editor David Gerstein. "No wonder it's attracted Scrooge McDuck! And we'll be attracting a big following, too—with stories by epic talents like Romano Scarpa, Daan Jippes, Casty, Giorgio Cavazzano, and Al Taliaferro."
Each issue will feature two regular covers, as well as a unique cover that places the characters in different environments that feature theme park attractions—including April's Adventureland-themed cover—and other very familiar settings and costumes. If you aren't already an avid collector, you will be! Some examples of what fans can expect to see are:
April 2015 – Adventureland
- Uncle Scrooge #1 (48p)
May 2015 – Tomorrowland
- Uncle Scrooge #2 (40p)
- Donald Duck #1 (48p)
June 2015 – So special we cannot tell you yet!
- Uncle Scrooge #3 (40p)
- Donald Duck #2 (40p)
- Mickey Mouse #1 (48p)
July 2015 – Fantasyland
- Uncle Scrooge #4 (40p)
- Donald Duck #3 (40p)
- Mickey Mouse #2 (40p)
- Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #721 (48p)
August 2015 – EPCOT Center
- Uncle Scrooge #5 (40p)
- Donald Duck #4 (40p)
- Mickey Mouse #3 (40p)
- Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #722 (40p)
- Uncle Scrooge TPB, Vol. 1
September 2015 – Frontierland
- Uncle Scrooge #6 (40p)
- Donald Duck #5 (40p)
- Mickey Mouse #4 (40p)
- Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #723 (40p)
- Mickey Mouse TPB, Vol. 1
October 2015 – Haunted Mansion
- Uncle Scrooge #7 (40p)
- Donald Duck #6 (40p)
- Mickey Mouse #5 (40p)
- Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #724 (40p)
- Donald Duck TPB, Vol. 1
November 2015 – Toontown
- Uncle Scrooge #8 (40p)
- Donald Duck #7 (40p)
- Mickey Mouse #6 (40p)
- Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #725 (40p)
- Uncle Scrooge TPB, Vol. 2
- Walt Disney's Comics and Stories TPB, Vol. 1
December 2015 – Top Secret!
- Uncle Scrooge #9 (40p)
- Donald Duck #8 (40p)
- Mickey Mouse #7 (40p)
- Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #726 (40p)
- Mickey Mouse TPB Vol 2
The new IDW titles including Donald, Mickey, and Scrooge will be #1s, but will continue their classic legacy number inside the issues.
In addition to the monthly comics released in print, IDW will also be bringing Disney Comics into new territories with Micro Comic Fun Packs, and subsequent Artist's Editions, too. Details on titles and release schedules will follow.


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text:
Chess Club Meeting
This event has ended
8:00 pm - 11:00 pm
Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Chess is played by millions of people worldwide, both amateurs and professionals.
Each player begins the game with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Each of the six piece types moves differently, with the most powerful being the queen and the least powerful the pawn. The objective is to 'checkmate' the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. To this end, a player's pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, while supporting each other. In addition to checkmate, the game can be won by voluntary resignation by the opponent, which typically occurs when too much material is lost, or if checkmate appears unavoidable. A game may also result in a draw in several ways.


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This article was first published in TechCrunch.
In late September, London made headlines when it stripped popular ride-hailing app Uber of its license to operate in the city. The wall-to-wall coverage that followed the decision was a sign, if any more were needed, that we are on the cusp of an urban mobility revolution.
Ride-hailing systems, car- and bicycle-sharing networks, trip-planning apps and other innovative services that capitalize on advances in mobile communications, cashless payments and remote monitoring are increasing in popularity around the world. Users appreciate – and in many places have grown to depend upon – the convenience and flexibility these services offer at a range of prices. The most basic smartphone now means that getting to work or play or an airport at 5am is as easy as tapping the screen.
Faced with this new wave of transportation options enabled by mobile and network technologies, however, many local governments have struggled to adjust. Critics rightly point out that issues with regulations, safety and congestion are far from resolved. And multi-billion-dollar valuations or massive job potential make for exciting headlines, but they obscure the real possibilities of the urban mobility revolution.
Simply put: new mobility may be exciting enough on its own, but where it can be more effectively combined and leveraged with existing public transport options, its potential can be truly transformative.
Indeed, there are clear opportunities to integrate these new mobility services into existing urban transportation systems for more affordable, convenient and environmentally friendly transport for all. There are already more than 70 cities partnering with new private mobility services in part to bolster public transit offerings, while also easing the pressures of rising public transit costs, aging assets and rapidly increasing ridership.
Cities and their residents stand to benefit from new mobility services – if they can understand and avoid the potential pitfalls. In the first-ever global survey of new mobility services, led by the Coalition for Urban Transitions, new analysis shows how cities can evaluate new mobility options and integrate them into their urban transportation systems. There are three specific applications that could benefit from such collaborations.
First, partnering with the developers of dynamic trip-planning and ticketing apps could offer passengers a fully integrated platform for planning and paying for rides. This would make it much simpler for passengers to access whatever may be most convenient, appealing or cost-effective – all through one device. The GoLA app, for instance, helps residents of Los Angeles compare cost, time, calories burned and emissions saved for various transit options ranging from bicycling to bus to private cars. A total of 24 transport service providers are covered, with some already allowing for payment through the app, as well.
Second, integrating electric, on-demand minibuses operated privately with other forms of public transit could help cities maintain or extend coverage in underserved areas while lowering the cost of service. Minibuses play an important role in many fast-growing cities, and companies such as RideCell and TransLoc offer routing platforms that transit agencies could use to run their own on-demand fleets. Doing so would give cities the capability to change routes and capacity on the fly according to fluctuations in passenger demand.
Third, subsidizing shared rides to and from transit hubs in neighborhoods where residents may lack good access to transit options, including lower-income residents or individuals with disabilities. Several programs of this kind are up and running already. A town in New Jersey, for example, expects to save as much $5 million across 20 years by subsidizing shared rides instead of building more parking lots near train stations.
New mobility services have the potential to complement public transit, but they could also lead to worsening traffic congestion, more vehicle accidents, additional air pollution and other unwelcome effects if not managed carefully. And more attention must be paid to ensure that new mobility services meet the actual needs of residents. Overall, though, integrating them properly into existing transit systems is an opportunity cities should seize. We may still be in the early days of the new mobility revolution, but instead of banning the future, we should be creative about how we embrace it.
Ani Dasgupta is the Global Director of WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities, WRI's program that galvanizes action to help cities grow more sustainably and improve quality of life in developing countries around the world.


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Well, I'm Off. See You in Mid-July
Well, I'm nearly done with the to do lists and ready to hit the road to Peru. I've got two lovely groups to take out into the deep green--and the first will also see the high Andes at Cuzco and Machu Picchu and Ollantaytambo. I hope they're geared up because I am. And I'm not quite ready to slow down yet. The last weeks have been wonderfully hectic. List of twenty things to do every day and nearly every day they get done. Today was a simple couple of short pieces for the local alternative--just 1.600 words total, then find the type of backpack a friend wants in Peru--three stores but I did it, and I have to because that woman guards my entire stock of jungle gear down there--then find a place to board the goat and get the goat there, write the last couple of checks that Italo can mail for July bills, check the medical kit and fill in anything not in there, buy soap, shampoo, toothpaste, razors and so forth for Madeleina and I, get me a pair of sneakers and one more shirt for Madeleina, buy a seven week supply of dog and cat food, clean the house, do all laundry and write to you guys. AND I DID ALL THAT AND IT'S NOT EVEN 5 PM YET. Except clean the house. And pack. And do the other 5 things on the list that I didn't mention. Oh, and somewhere in there, Italo insisted on taking a new picture of me for the facebook page, and I spoke with my sister for an hour, and got some papers notarized for Chepa, and so forth. See what you can do if you get up at 4:30 AM, and drink a LOT of coffee?
So now I'm thinking about you guys. I hope you miss me. I hope you come back and start reading again when I start writing again. I might post a couple of times from Peru, of course, but I'm generally into the trips there full time and this life just isn't part of that life. Neither is Chepa or Italo or Marco or Sara or Taylor Rain or Sierra or Alexa, though I'll think of them often. But I won't call them much. I'll miss them to much and take my eye off what is happening with my crew and my guests, and if I do that for a second, all hell can break loose. Don't ask me why or how. It just can. Because with few exceptions, none of the guests have been to Iquitos, most don't speak Spanish and some have very limited travel experience. They need my crew looking after them--just keeping an eye out that this or that pickpocket isn't cozying up to them to sell them some little jewelry while actually stealing their camera, that sort of thing. So I watch the crew and the crew watches them and it all works. But it leaves me not available for you, so you guys watch out for yourselves, okay?
And wish me luck with the trip, cross your fingers I make some money AND give the guests more than they asked for. And wish me luck traveling with Madeleina. She's a great road tripper but I've never had her alone in Peru--she hasn't been there for about eight years--and now we'll be sharing a hotel room till mid-July, and she's going to get to see me how my team sees me, rather than pretty much just with family and a few friends. So that will change us. I hope that changes us for the better. Because she is one hell of a human.
Alright fellas and gals. I'm signing off before I start bawling. Time to put the next load of wash in and begin to get dinner ready.
A lot of love to you all.
Peter G


text:
Multiple sclerosis is unique among neurological diseases in that there are currently eight treatments for this one condition that have received approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Five of these drugs require subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, two are administered intravenously, and fingolimod, the newest agent on the block, is given orally. None are considered curative, but these disease-modifying therapies (DMT) have led to a reduction in relapse rates and the progression of disability.
Despite this progress, each of the drugs comes with side effects, including flu-like symptoms with the interferons, lipoatrophy with glatiramer, progressive multifocal leukodystrophy (PML) with natalizumab, and congestive heart failure or leukemia with mitoxantrone. As the first oral agent for MS, fingolimod created great expectations prior to FDA approval. Its popularity, however, has been surprisingly limited, presumably due to the potential for unknown long-term risks. The occur rence of PML with natalizumab demonstrated to MS neurologists and patients the potential risks associated with new drugs.
Additional DMTs in the pipeline may increase MS-management effectiveness in coming years, although safety will continue to be a major consideration in the use of these drugs. For instance, oral cladribine was on the verge of FDA approval in early March when the agency referred the drug back for more safety studies. This drug is already used in intravenous form for the management of hairy cell leukemia, but it is being studied for use with remitting relapsing MS because of its apoptotic effects on lymphocytes. If cladribine is ultimately approved for use, the risk of infection and neoplasms may limit its use.
Other oral agents being studied include:
- Teriflunomide: A metabolite of leflunomide, a drug used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, that inhibits pyrimidine synthesis in rapidly dividing cells
- Laquinomod: An agent that reduces inflammatory cytokines by shifting Th1 to Th2 lymphocytes
- Dimethyl fumaric acid: An immunoprotective against oxidative stress-induced cell death in nerve cells
- Firategrast: An oral alpha-4 integrin antagonist that is similar to natalizumab, has not associated with PML in a phase II study.
Additional drugs in the MS pipeline include:
- Alemtuzumab, which binds to CD52 on T and B cells. It is used for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura, immune-medicated thyroiditis and Goodpasteur's syndrome may limit its use.
- Rituxumab, which depletes CD20 B cells, is used for the treatment of non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse B cell lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. A trial of rituximab failed to achieve its primary outcome measure in the treatment of primary progressive MS.
- Daclizumab is an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody that leads to an increase in natural killer cells. It is associated with risk of infections.
- Ocrelizumab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that has shown a reduction in annualized relapse rate and gadolinium- enhancing lesions in phase II studies. Adverse reactions include systemic inflammatory response syndrome and infusion reactions.
Potential drug combinations under consideration have included glatiramer plus interferon ("Combi-Rx" study) and simvastatin plus interferon beta-1-a ("SIMCOMBIN" study). The latter was reported to be ineffective against MS.
Emerging therapies in MS will offer patients and their neurologists an ever expanding choice of mechanism of action and consideration of adverse effects. As additional DMTs become available, it is important to develop algorithms for choosing a particular therapy, and to balance the risk and potential benefit of each therapy for each patient. One day, it may become possible to use the advances of personalized medicine to help patients choose the drug that is best for them.


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Governments will try to conceal for a little longer the fact that capitalism is entirely incapable of solving the very crises it has created, writes Jonathan Cook.
By JonathanCook
You can almost smell the fear-laden sweat oozing from the pores of television broadcasts and social media posts as it finally dawns on our political and media establishments what the coronavirus actually means. And I am not talking about the threat posed to our health.
A worldview that has crowded out all other thinking for nearly two generations is coming crashing down. It has no answers to our current predicament. There is a kind of tragic karma to the fact that so many major countries — meaning major economies — are today run by the very men least equipped ideologically, emotionally and spiritually to deal with the virus.
That is being starkly exposed everywhere in the West, but the U.K. is a particularly revealing case study.
Dragging Their Heels
It emerged at the weekend that Dominic Cummings, the ideological powerhouse behind Britain's buffoonish Prime Minister Boris Johnson, was pivotal in delaying the U.K. government's response to the coronavirus — effectively driving Britain on to the Italian (bad) path of contagion rather than the South Korean (good) one.
According to media reports at the weekend, Cummings initially stalled government action, arguing of the coming plague that "if that means some pensioners die, too bad." That approach explains the dragging of heels for many days, and then days more of dither that is only now coming to a resolution.
This was 2 weeks ago. 1000s had already died all around the world, the WHO was already begging government's to enforce distancing & to "test test test." This gross negligence by the Johnson's gov should never be forgotten nor forgiven. #UKlockdown pic.twitter.com/islqkivW8l
— Jack Duncan? (@JackDunc1) March 23, 2020
Cummings, of course, denies ever making the statement, calling the claim "defamatory." But let's dispense with the formalities. Does anybody really – really – believe that that wasn't the first thought of Cummings and half the cabinet when confronted with an imminent contagion they understood was about to unravel a social and economic theory they have dedicated their entire political careers to turning into a mass cult? An economic theory from which — by happy coincidence — they derive their political power and class privilege.
And sure enough, these hardcore monetarists are already quietly becoming pretend socialists to weather the very first weeks of the crisis. And there are many months more to run.
Austerity Thrown Out
As I predicted in my last post, the U.K. government last week threw out the austerity policies that have been the benchmark of Conservative Party orthodoxy for more than a decade and announced a splurge of spending to save businesses with no business as well as members of the public no longer in a position to earn a living.
Since the 2008 financial crash, the Tories have cut social and welfare spending to the bone, creating a massive underclass in Britain, and have left local authorities penniless and incapable of covering the shortfall. For the past decade, the Conservative government excused its brutalist approach with the mantra that there was no "magic money tree" to help in times of trouble.
The free market, they argued, was the only fiscally responsible path. And in its infinite wisdom, the market had decided that the 1 percent — the millionaires and billionaires who had tanked the economy in that 2008 crash — would get even filthier rich than they were already. Meanwhile, the rest of us would see the siphoning off of our wages and prospects so that the 1 percent could horde yet more wealth on offshore islands where we and the government could never get our hands on it.
"Neoliberalism" became a mystifying term used to reimagine unsustainable late-stage, corporate capitalism not only as a rational and just system but as the only system that did not involve gulags or bread queues.
Not only did British politicians (including most of the Labour parliamentary party) subscribe to it, but so did the entire corporate media, even if the "liberal" Guardian would very occasionally and very ineffectually wring its hands about whether it was time to make this turbo-charged capitalism a little more caring.
Only deluded, dangerous Jeremy Corbyn "cultists" thought different.
Self-Serving Fairytale
But suddenly, it seems, the Tories have found that magic money tree after all. It was there all along and apparently has plenty of low-hanging fruit the rest of us may be allowed to partake from.
One doesn't need to be a genius like Dominic Cummings to see how politically terrifying this moment is for the Establishment. The story they have been telling us for 40 years or more about harsh economic realities is about to be exposed as a self-serving fairytale. We have been lied to – and soon we are going to grasp that very clearly.
That is why this week the Tory politician Zac Goldsmith, a billionaire's son who was recently elevated to the House of Lords, described as a "twat" anyone who had the temerity to become a "backseat critic" of Boris Johnson. And it is why the feted "political journalist" Isabel Oakeshott – formerly of The Sunday Times and a regular on BBC Question Time – took to twitter to applaud Mike Hancock and Johnson for their self-sacrifice and dedication to public service in dealing with the virus:
Spare a thought today for high-paid corporate journalists like this one who are now being forced to work overtime to find creative ways to make the government look good – and cover up their failure to hold the Tories to account for years of austerity that ravaged health services https://t.co/uYyREKEhqK
— Jonathan Cook (@Jonathan_K_Cook) March 23, 2020
Be ready. Over the coming weeks, more and more journalists are going to sound like North Korea's press corps, with paeans to "the dear leader" and demands that we trust that he knows best what must be done in our hour of need.
Saved by the Bail-Outs
The political and media class's current desperation has a substantive cause — and one that should worry us as much as the virus itself.
Twelve years ago, capitalism teetered on the brink of the abyss, its structural flaws exposed for anyone who cared to look. The 2008 crash almost broke the global financial system. It was saved by us, the public. The government delved deep into our pockets and transferred our money to the banks. Or rather the bankers.
We saved the bankers — and the politicians — from their economic incompetence through bail-outs that were again mystified by being named "quantitative easing."
But we weren't the ones rewarded. We did not own the banks or get a meaningful stake in them. We did not even get oversight in return for our huge public investment. Once we had saved them, the bankers went right back to enriching themselves and their friends in precisely the same manner that stalled the economy in 2008.
The bail-outs did not fix capitalism, they simply delayed for a while longer its inevitable collapse.
"The story they have been telling us for 40 years or more about harsh economic realities is about to be exposed as a self-serving fairytale."
Capitalism is still structurally flawed. Its dependence on ever-expanding consumption cannot answer the environmental crises necessarily entailed by such consumption. And economies that are being artificially "grown," at the same time as resources deplete, ultimately create inflated bubbles of nothingness — bubbles that will soon burst again.
Survival Mode
Indeed, the virus is illustrative of one of those structural flaws — an early warning of the wider environmental emergency, and a reminder that capitalism, by intertwining economic greed with environmental greed, has ensured the two spheres collapse in tandem.
Pandemics like this one are the outcome of our destruction of natural habitats — to grow cattle for burgers, to plant palm trees for cakes and biscuits, to log forests for flat-pack furniture. Animals are being driven into ever closer proximity, forcing diseases to cross the species barrier. And then in a world of low-cost flights, disease finds an easy and rapid transit to every corner of the planet.
The truth is that in a time of collapse, like this decade-long one, capitalism has only "magic money trees" left. The first one, in the late 2000s, was reserved for the banks and the large corporations – the wealth elite that now run our governments as plutocracies.
The second "magic money tree," needed to deal with what will become the even more disastrous economic toll wrought by the virus, has had to be widened to include us. But make no mistake. The circle of beneficence has been expanded not because capitalism suddenly cares about the homeless and those reliant on food banks. Capitalism is an amoral economic system driven by the accumulation of profit for the owners of capital. And that's not you or me.
No, capitalism is now in survival mode. That is why Western governments will, for a time, try to "bail out" sections of their publics too, giving back to them some of the communal wealth that has been extracted over many decades. These governments will try to conceal for a little longer the fact that capitalism is entirely incapable of solving the very crises it has created. They will try to buy our continuing deference to a system that has destroyed our planet and our children's future.
It won't work indefinitely, as Dominic Cummings knows only too well. Which is why the Johnson government, as well as the Trump administration and their cut-outs in Brazil, Hungary, Israel, India and elsewhere, are in the process of drafting draconian emergency legislation that will have a longer term goal than the immediate one of preventing contagion.
Western governments will conclude that it is time to shore up capitalism's immune system against their own publics. The risk is that, given the chance, they will begin treating us, not the virus, as the real plague.
Jonathan Cook is a freelance journalist based in Nazareth.
This article is from his blog Jonathan Cook.net.
The views expressed are solely those of the author and may or may not reflect those of Consortium News.
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Coat – Zara, Dress – Christopher Kane for Topshop, Shirt as skirt – Uniqlo men's plaid, Shoes – Primark, Clutch – Chanel
I may have once or twice placed a pot of boiling rameon on my geography textbook, but at one point in time I could rattle off the countries in Africa and their capital cities, courtesy of my nutcase middleschool geography tutor. I would thank her for the education but then again I'll wait till I save a baby from a burning building with 'Libreville is capital of Gabon'. Speaking of which, I'm still yet to thank my math teacher because I've also yet to solve the unemployment crisis with the quadratic formula. Sorry, this paragraph just reads stupid, I should've been born a marshmallow. But if you just thought isn't Africa a country I might as well get a cardboard box for your belongings and walk you to the door.
So, despite the fact that I thought I was pretty well-versed with the lumps and slumps of this planet and their respective names, Azerbaijan might as well have been a country only accessible through a wardrobe when I first read it in the invitation email. I simply did not have a single reference to form a sort of expectation when getting ready to travel to Baku, except perhaps vaguely remembering something in one of the 007 movies from back in the days when red leather jumpsuit with lumps spilling out meant you were a bond girl. When I landed and the cab weaved through the city towards the hotel, to put it blunt, it was HOLY LLAMABALLS WHERE AM I. I'll show you more about the city later, but just from the Emporium store launch you can tell it's been one very very well-kept secret.
Huge thanks to Emporium for the invitation and Andy & Pelayo for a great time.


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I have been fighting this trip tooth and nail because I am so behind on my PhD work, but I made a promise to SR we would do this and what am I if I can not keep promises? And when I take a step back and look at the big picture, there perhaps is nothing more important than solidarity of the family.
Back to the town I grew up in. In the early 80's it really was all farm lands and prairies. These days, prairie reserves like Nashota Park are among the few remaining holy places for the soul, and the rest is highways, Applebee Country and urban sprawl.
I could have spent all day running with SR here. But as a mom, those days of "all day doing what you want" are so preciously few if they even ever really do exist. Nothing to do but soak up the moments. And perhaps teach your kids to love what you love :o).
6:30 AM Nashota Park, WI |
I don't like bragging. I don't like materialism. Rather, I admire people who respect and are grateful for what they have. The Salomon vest I just received is going to change the way I run ultras. I am so happy that someone out there had that "aha" moment and realized it would be more comfortable to carry liquid on the chest rather than the back. It absolutely is. 500 mL of fluid on each side in soft bottles that don't slosh and you don't even notice they are there. Plus lots of options for carrying food and necessities on the side and the back. A vest like this does not happen by accident.
I have considered carrying more than this 1 L of fluid for the Crosby-Manitou 9.4 mile wildly technical section at Superior. Anyone who has run this before have thoughts on that?
This is the view from the pier at my parents' house. After our run, I swam North Lake Minor (2.5km) while SR, my dad and the boys were out boating. I don't know, I wonder if I'll ever become a fan of swimming over lots of large fish that look hungry for toes. This deep lake (25 meters) makes for good fishing and troves of seaweed that like to envelop unsuspecting swimmers.
North Lake, WI, 8:00 AM |
Saying good-bye to Næstved and Denmark is always hard, always makes me cry, even if it is just for a month.
Næstved Harbor, 17:00 |
Christian (left) with other blondies. |
The wonderful ophthalmology nurses who have helped so much with my PhD. |
Storstrømsbro to Vordingborg |
There is always so much more to say, but why not just leave it at this for now?
Running Songs of the Day:
Pass This On by The Knife
And an old favorite "Hjem til Aarhus" by På Slaget 12


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When it comes to standing out online, your
best bet is to offer your own original content. Blog posts or tweets that
revolve around your unique ideas will make you a standout candidate.
But the truth is, not everyone has the time,
writing ability or even confidence to grow a quality blog or social media
account, and plenty of people who don't have a blog still want to move up the
career ladder, into more challenging and better-paying positions.
What if there was a way to show the world
just how smart you are, without creating your own content?
Well, there is, and it's a tactic you should
seriously consider:sharing other people's content .
Whether you curate on Twitter, Pinterest,
LinkedIn, Tumblr or all of the above, here are five things sharing
content created by others says about you — and why it can move your career
1. You know your industry inside and out.
When you share an abundance of interesting
information, people begin to realize you know your stuff. Not only do you know
what's going on, but you understand what's valuable to people in your industry
and what they want to read, which is just as important.
Even if you don't consider yourself highly
knowledgeable on a certain topic — if, for example, you're looking to change careers and
are using your online presence to pivot — you'll become knowledgeable on that
topic as you sift through blogs and tweets looking for quality information to
share. In other words, curating content can help you become an authority in
your field and help others see you as an authority.
2. You're innovative.
Not only do you use the latest social tools
to share advice and ideas, the information you share is often about your
industry's latest trends and developments, which suggests you're forward
Anyone can say in an interview that they like
to follow tech trends, but serving your community as a content curator shows
the hiring manager you're serious about learning, brainstorming and innovating.
3. You enjoy helping others.
So many people talk about themselves on
social media. You'll stand out if you get off the soapbox and instead offer
helpful, valuable information, giving props to whoever created it.
This is helpful not only to the minions who
read your tweets, but also to the industry leaders who wrote the blog post,
tweets or updates to begin with, since you're helping spread their content and
ideas. Those thought leaders will likely appreciate your efforts and might even
look to connect further with you, which could lead to more opportunities.
See why being generous online is
one of the best things you can do for yourself?
4. You're familiar with the big (and little) players in your field.
Knowing who the thought-leaders are in your
field and where they hang out is just as important — if not more — than being
in-the-know about innovative developments. Why? Because those people likely are
part of those developing trends, or at least talking about them. In many ways,
they are the trends.
In their book The Startup of You,
Reid Hoffman and Ben Casnocha wrote, "If you're looking for an opportunity,
you're really looking for people." Knowing who's doing what in your industry can
go a long way toward helping you take the next step in your career. Curating
content is a solid way to keep up with what everyone's doing.
5. In some cases, you have access to those industry players.
Know what every employer wants more than an
awesome, skilled employee? An awesome, skilled employee who knows people. Every
one of your connections means a connection for your company.
If you don't know any of the major players in
your industry now, look to create those connections through sharing other people's
content. Your generosity could lead to online conversations with those people
as they leave comments on your blog posts or reply to you through Twitter.
Really want to get on their radar? Try an email introduction after you've
mentioned that contact on your blog or Twitter, with the hope that they'll
recognize your name.
If you're keen to give this a go, you're
probably wondering: What's the best way to find quality information to share
with your growing online community?
Try using an RSS tool like Feedly,
organizing tweeps who share valuable information into Twitter lists, and
streamlining the sharing process with apps like Hootsuite, Buffer and Twitterfeed. Before
you know it, you'll be the one who people in your industry turn to for all the
best information, which makes you that much more marketable.


text:
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In just a few clicks you can purchase cookware at the intersection between elegant and functional. What's more, we stand by every product we sell. If you are not happy with your purchase, contact us for an exchange or refund.


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Turn of the Century styling with flint reliability and a very generous fuel capacity to extend the number of lights between refills. A 90 degree adjustable flame makes the OLD BOY ideal for lighting both cigars and pipes. Made with improved carbon filtering systems, all solid Brass parts, 5X stronger finishes, internal rubber seals now silicon and recessed fill valve covers that won't get lost. Each Old Boy lighter is packaged in a gift box and is backed by a two year warranty.
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Opening statements in the highly anticipated trial of Ghislaine Maxwell begin on Monday in a Manhattan federal court.
Maxwell is being tried on several felony counts, including trafficking underage girls for financier Jeffrey Epstein to sexually abuse.
Here's what you need to know as the trial starts.
What Maxwell is accused of
It's alleged that Maxwell groomed underage girls, offering them lavish trips and gifts in exchange for exploiting them, and that in some cases, she herself participated in the abuse.
Maxwell has been in jail since her arrest in July 2020, when shewas charged withenticing a minor to travel to engage in criminal sexual activity, transporting a minor with the intent to engage in criminal sexual activity, conspiracy to commit both of those offenses, and perjury in connection with a sworn deposition.
Maxwell is the daughter of the late media mogul Robert Maxwell. In the '90s she was in a romantic relationship with Epstein.
Epstein died in 2019 while in federal custody at the Metropolitan Correctional Center in Manhattan. It was ruled a suicide.
It's alleged the trafficking took place between the mid-90s and early 2000s. Maxwell has pleaded not guilty and maintains she is being held unfairly and treated poorly while in detention.
What the defense is expected to say
The defense is expected to argue that there is no way Maxwell can get a fair trial; that she is, in essence, being tried for Epstein's crimes and has already been found guilty in the court of public opinion.
At least four women who say they were underage and preyed upon by Maxwell will be testifying.
Notably absent is Virginia Giuffre, one of the most famous accusers, who says she was 17 when Epstein and Maxwell started flying her around the world for sex with very high-profile politicians, royals and billionaires.
Giuffre says that included Prince Andrew. She also says she was directed to have sex with former New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson. Both men have repeatedly denied the allegations by Giuffre.
Prince Andrew has publicly denied the accusations. A spokesperson for Richardson told NPR that "the charges are completely false."
What we're waiting to find out
The allegations against Prince Andrew and Maxwell will be kept out of this trial, according to Associated Press, but it's unclear if Richardson will be called to testify.
In fact, there's a lot of mystery around who the witnesses will be for this case.
Prosecutors have said they will be using some parts of Maxwell's book of contacts, which has captured the imaginations of followers of this case. Maxwell and Epstein moved in wealthy and famous circles, and there has been much speculation over whether some of their acquaintances participated in the alleged exploitation of young girls.
What also remains unclear is whether Maxwell had co-conspirators, and if so, whether they will be brought into court.
The trial could last as long as six weeks.
Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Criminals can now 3D print your house keys from a Facebook photo
Advances in technology comes with many advantages, but there can be a number of downsides too - including threats to security.
Experts are warning that 3D printing technology can now be used by criminals to help break into people's homes, and a photo of some house keys is all that is needed.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide AdPrinted house keys
A photograph of a set of keys is all that a hacker would need to make a working copy that could then be used to break into premises, according to national security systems company Protecting.co.uk.
The company has warned that something as simple as a Facebook photo could allow a skilled hacker to print out a commonly-used key for pin tumbler locks using 3D technology.
Hackers can use a method known as teleduplication, which involves using a long lens camera to take a photo of a set of keys. As digital cameras are of such high definition, a usable image can easily be obtained from a lengthy distance.
Current 3D technology printing in metal or polycarbonate can create a duplicate key that is strong enough not to snap in a modern lock.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide AdCompany spokesperson, Mark Hall, explained: "It's the modern equivalent of the thief taking an impression of your front door key in clay.
"Only instead of the tobacco tin and the rudimentary knowledge of metal casting, it's all about long camera lenses and rendering software.
Printable master keys for major brands of luggage are also available on the internet, meaning travellers are already at risk from opportunist thieves in places such as train stations and airports.
How to stay protected
Despite these developments in technology, it is possible to defend against such risks with some simple security measures.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide AdHall advises that households and companies should take a similar stringent approach to protecting their keys as they would with computer passwords that are in place to guard against hackers.
This means avoiding leaving keys out on display and implementing a more complex locking system that can't be broken by guesswork, as well as putting a back-up system in place.
Protecting.co.uk recommends having more than one lock on access doors and installing modern alarm systems to improve security.
Companies are also advised to use CCTV systems to guard entrances and vulnerable points, and to put security guards in place if budget allows.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide AdHall added: "Using the computer example yet again, the best security is when there's a second factor involved. That makes even the best cloned key worthless.
"We know that many people won't be able to afford enhanced systems, but even very minor changes to your security regime can significantly decrease the risks.
"Peace of mind comes from thinking about your security, both online and in the real world."


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Apple, closer to Android in the US as Carrier Distribution Grows
While smartphone sales overall have remained relatively stable in the 3 months ending May 2013, compared to the same period last year, iOS has grown, with a 3.5% increase during that time.
Consequently, with Android remaining unchanged (+0.1%) to date this year, the gap between the two leading operating systems has decreased, according to data released today by Kantar Worldpanel ComTech.
Through the 3 month period ending May 2013, Android continues to lead smartphone sales at 52%. Close behind is iOS with 41.9% of sales. Windows remains in third with 4.6% of sales, up 0.9% versus the same period last year.
Little movement is seen within the carriers, with Verizon leading smartphone sales at 34.6%, AT&T in second (29%), and Sprint in third (12.7%). Most notably, T-Mobile remains in fourth place with 10.1% of smartphone sales, down 3.4% versus the 3 months ending May 2012.
The data is derived from Kantar Worldpanel ComTech USA's consumer panel, which is the largest continuous consumer research mobile phone panel of its kind in the world, conducting more than 240,000 interviews per year in the U.S. alone. ComTech tracks mobile phone behavior and the customer journey, including purchasing of phones, mobile phone bills/airtime, and source of purchase and phone usage. This data is exclusively focused on the sales within this 3 month period rather than market share figures. Sales shares exemplify more forward focused trends and should represent the market share for these brands in future.
Kantar Worldpanel ComTech global consumer insight director Dominic Sunnebo states, "The highly anticipated release of the iPhone on T-Mobile has benefited iOS in the latest 3 month period, though it has not yet impacted T-Mobile's share in the market."
For the three months ending May 2013, the iPhone 5 was the best-selling smartphone at T-Mobile, despite the fact that it came out in the middle of the sales period in April. And iPhone sales accounted for 31% of T-Mobile's smartphone sales over this period. While this is comparatively lower than AT&T (iOS accounting for 60.5% of AT&T sales) and Verizon (43.8%), a full quarter's worth of purchasing next month may impact T-Mobile's overall sales share.
Sunnebo continues, "iOS' strength on T-Mobile appears to be the ability to attract first time smartphone buyers, upgrading from a featurephone. Of T-Mobile consumers who bought an iOS device since it launched on the carrier, 53% had previously owned a featurephone, well above the market average of 45% of iOS owners who previously owned a featurephone."
"Furthermore, of T-Mobile customers planning to change device within the coming year, 28% plan to upgrade to an iPhone for their next device."
It remains to be seen whether the strength of iOS on T-Mobile can help reverse T-Mobile's decline, but the upcoming months will be of key importance for both players, particularly to see whether these consumers do follow through with their intentions.
Find out more:
Follow us on Twitter to get the latest updates here.
Discover more about Kantar Worldpanel ComTech here.
News about ComTech in other countries:
Read the UK ComTech report here.
Get in touch
Dominic Sunnebo
Global Consumer Insight Director
- +44 (0) 208 967 4616
- Send a messageDominic Sunnebo
Read the previous US ComTech report
Download all market shares hereDownload all market shares here


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Step 1: What's the market failure?
Each of us tends to get unhappy at some feature of the world or the other. As an example, I don't like rap music. But value judgements of this nature do not justify the use of State power - either to ban rap music or to encourage classical music. Such coercion by the State is just abuse of power.
When should the State intervene? The technically sound answer is: When you are certain there is a market failure, and when you are confident you know how to setup the correct State capacity for the intervention.
Market failures come in four kinds: 1. Asymmetric information, 2. Externalities, 3. Market power and 4. Public goods. These are technical terms in microeconomics and each needs to be carefully understood.
The first hurdle that must be crossed in policy thinking is the question: "Is there a market failure?" Every proposal to do something in public policy faces this test.
A good way to smell market failures is the prices being wrong. In a well functioning economy, the price should be close to marginal cost or to the Ramsey price. When the observed price diverges from these normative ideals, a market failure may be afoot. But while the price being wrong is the diagnostic that alerts you to a problem, direct intervention in the price is seldom the right answer
At present, most of what the government does in India is not about market failures. Using the coercive power of the State to meddle in the voluntary decisions of consenting adults is mostly a bad idea. The Indian State suffers from rampant central planning, license-permit raj, and shameless value judgments.
Step 2: What's the proposed intervention?
Once we agree there is a market failure, we have to figure out what we'd like to do about it. Here, it's important to understand the anatomy of the market failure, and solve it at its root cause.
If there is a causal chain x -> y -> z, leading up to a bad outcome z, don't use the power of the State to change y or z. Understand the root cause, and solve it there.
Example: Investors are not buying infrastructure bonds. Don't propose tax exemption as the solution.
Example: Micro-finance companies in Andhra Pradesh are mistreating their consumers. Don't propose micro-prudential regulation of micro-finance companies as an answer.
Example: OTC derivatives are not enforceable. Don't propose changing the financial regulatory architecture as the answer.
Government agencies in India are known to do a bait-and-switch. A problem is shown, outrage is created, and then a completely unrelated solution is pushed forward which will increase power and reduce accountability. We need to be skeptical and verify: Does your claimed intervention address your claimed market failure?
Complicated microeconomic interventions which require volumes of law are generally abuses of power, and will not deliver on the original objective. At a heuristic level, the Indian capital controls don't work because the FEMA handbook weighs 3.5 kilos.
Occam's Razor in Public Policy: Many different interventions could possibly change the world in the direction that you like. The least intrusive intervention that gets the job done is the right one. In order to find this least-intrusive intervention, you have to understand the market failure deeply. Sound thinking in public policy requires understanding the anatomy of the market failure, and coming up with the minimum use of the coercive power of the State in addressing that market failure and in minimally disturbing the rest of the landscape.
Corollary: Macroeconomic problems require macroeconomic policy tools. It's almost always wrong to use microeconomic interventions to pursue macroeconomic goals.
Step 3: The hurdle of public administration
Okay, you are all dressed up and ready to go, with a demonstrated market failure, and a minimal intervention which solves it. Now the question arises: Can you design a feasible solution with real world political economy and public administration?
Pressure groups will hijack well meaning policy frameworks to favour small groups at the expense of the diffused populace. Government agencies like to be lazy and corrupt. Politicians and officials work for themselves and not for the citizenry. Can we envision the accountability mechanisms through which the Principal (the citizen) is able to coerce the Agent (the government) to deliver results? A complex machinery of checks and balances has to be designed, including transparency, reporting, rule of law, due process, etc.
As a thumb rule, government should almost never be in the position of determining a price [example]. Prices must fluctuate every day, based on changes out there in the world. It is impossible for government agencies to figure out what the right price should be. Similarly, a government should not be in the business of determining business plans or business models. That's a tell tale sign of central planning.
We have to be careful about mission creep. Market power is the job of the Competition Commission and not the IRDA. Enforcing IPC is the job of the police and not of FMC. SEBI should not be forcing listed companies to have women directors; RBI should not be subsidising ATM placement in Assam, and so on.
Libertarianism of necessity vs. libertarianism of choice
Many times, even after we know there is a market failure and we're able to envision a surgically limited intervention, we have to fall back on doing nothing, as the market failure is not very large or significant, and it's not easy to design the public administration machinery through which we can make a government deliver the desired outcomes. When there is low State capacity, this happens more often. We do more subtle interventions in Sweden, we do more laissez faire in India.
Decades of Indian socialism have starved us of capabilities in economics. Everyone interested in the field of public policy should limber up with these three steps: (a) What's the market failure? (b) What's the minimal intervention that precisely addresses the root cause of the market failure? (c) How do we construct mechanisms through which government agencies in the real world will deliver the desired outcome, even though their first instinct is to favour laziness and corruption?
This is hard work. The outcomes of this process of thinking resist classification into prefabricated belief systems. I sometimes meet people who say "As I'm a Keynesian, I propose policy X". That's a great economy of thought; by reading a few books by Keynes, you have figured out the world. It's better to start from first principles, and analyse each problem on its merits, and engage with the gritty reality out there in figuring things out.


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Director of Information Security


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Yes it was. I'm ashamed to say I visited that board. lol
hey tripping thankyou for all your hard work. I am becoming more of a news junkie than carpenter and cub jockey ,I have great respect for yours and bills diligence. On the financials we have done well but we dont stay in for any length of time we have bought anywhere between 20000shrs to 100000shr blocks and bought close to 52 week lows and sold just between making money and greed I am currently hung up in sirius but not at all disappointed in the results great process.Thanxs again
Hey Tripping, Check your private messages!!! ~~~
Senior Member


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Excerpts from YouTube:
Have you ever wondered who is really running the affairs around the World? This is a documentary about who really controls America! Everything history doesn't tell us about the real leaders of America is presented in this must see documentary!
Discover the truth about the men behind the curtain who own and run the U.S. Government. These men are totally evil, ruthless, greedy and vicious individuals who will stop at nothing to gain control of the world and the enslavement of us all.
They are now taking steps to control and shut down the internet because it is the last means for people to come together, and voice their opinions freely.
The new world order is not a conspiracy, it has started and it is real! In this anonymous documentary about the new world order secret illuminati elite You will find out about their satanic rituals, secret society locations, new world order habits.


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Could half of Christian men have a problem with porn, as so many of the statistics say? Porn is reported to be a 12 billion dollar industry in the U.S… 50 percent of men viewed pornography within one week of attending a Promise Keepers stadium event… 54 percent of pastors said they viewed porn within the past year in a Pastors.com survey… in a 2003 Focus on the Family poll 47 percent of respondents said porn is a problem in their home.
12 billion… 50 percent… half. My eyes glaze over at numbers like this. Are we supposed to buy into the idea that half of the men in the church are porn addicts? Maybe it's just more sensational rhetoric meant to rouse us for battle against the culture.
But In My Church?
Certainly half the men in my church couldn't have a problem with porn. Most the men in our body of 600 are in their late 30s to early 40s, married, and the father of little ones. They have successful careers making good money and are involved in ministry. I couldn't picture so many of these men I sit next to every Sunday leering at porn.
Wanting to prove the numbers wrong, in the spring of 2004 I approached the leadership of our church and asked if we could survey the men on the topic of pornography. Our numbers will be different; "half" can't be true here, I thought. Of those who responded, 25 percent had looked at porn within the past 30 days, 44 percent within six months, and 61 percent within the year. The real statistic is probably higher; I heard later that a number of men didn't fill out the survey "because they were afraid of how it would be used."
Pure Desire
Ted Roberts, a pastor who's ministered to many caught in the bondage of sexual addiction recounts the following story in his book Pure Desire:
"I was speaking in the Bible Belt not too long ago. When I asked the gracious pastor what he wanted me to share about during the weekend service, he said, "just tell them about the great work God is doing at your church."
I said, "I would love to do that, but I will end up talking about real life – about the bondage, addiction and trauma that so many people are struggling with today. And I will challenge them to open up these areas of their lives to God so He can heal them and set them free."
The expression on his face changed a bit and he commented, "Well, I don't think we have a lot of folks dealing with the depth of issues that you're talking about. This isn't just the Bible belt part of the country. We call it the buckle of the Bible Belt."
But that pastor gave me the green light, so I didn't pull any punches. Then, at the end of the service, I gave an altar call for people struggling with sexual issues. No one moved at first. Then the dam broke, and they lined up three to four deep at the altar…"
Let's Get Honest Here
A few years ago a friend of mine told me of a small men's retreat he attended in Idaho. When the men were challenged in the area of sexual purity, the biggest, toughest looking guy in the room stood up and said "I'm struggling with porn and I know some of you guys are too, so stand up if you are and let's deal with this!"
Half of the forty men in the room came to their feet.
Accepting the fact that at least half of Christian men (pastors, music ministers, missionaries and those in children's ministry included) have an issue with porn is a big pill to swallow. We want to see the church in a positive light; we don't want to picture little Jenny's daddy "relieving himself" to pictures of naked women (or men, if his bent is with homosexuality). We don't want the problem to be this big, because the church is in serious trouble if it is.
Another Man Speaks
The following excerpt is from an open letter Chuck Swindoll posted on his Insight for Living Website not long ago:
"The most recent studies available suggest that one out of every two people-that's 50 percent of the people sitting in our pews, are looking at and/or could be addicted to Internet pornography… Truth be told, that statistic could be even higher…
Stop and imagine the ugly but very real possibility of some of your own elders and deacons leaving your meetings and going home to surf porn. Think about youth leaders viewing it one minute, and leading a small group with your kids thirty minutes later. It's ruining marriages, destroying relationships, harming youth, and hurting the body of Christ. You hardly need to be reminded that fallen pastors and priests did not "suddenly" fall. More often than not, pornography played a role in their downward spiral.
My friend, it's time to do something about it. In fact, we need to start today. Making a difference requires action… Our churches are in trouble. This is no time to simply wait and pray."
The Bottom Line
In my ministry to those who struggle with porn and sex addiction, I see many marriages and families on the brink of divorce. Most guys wait until their dirty little secret spins out of control into a big traumatic mess before they do something about it. What starts out as "just me and pictures" can destroy a family. Sadly, there are some marriages that don't make it.
The church needs to expose this snake and cut off its head before more lives are ruined. In upcoming articles we'll provide you with effective strategies for doing just that.
This article is from crosswalk.com writen by Mike Genung.


text: Small hawk with relatively short rounded wings. Adults are gray above with pale orange barring below; immatures are browner and streaky. Very similar to Cooper's Hawk, especially in plumage, but smaller overall with smaller head, more squared-off tail, and more petite feet. Also note quicker, snappier wingbeats. Breeds in extensive forests. Feeds mainly on birds captured in flight. Often stalks feeders in search of prey.


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Techniques, skills and abilities that are martial in nature but do not benefit the practitioner and their community are generally not considered martial arts. Mutual benefit must be a component. Martial arts utilize a variety of combat methods. Some fighting styles emphasize weaponless techniques while others teach the use of weapons. Some styles focus on grappling while others put their emphasis on striking. Weaponless systems use hand, arm, foot, shin, and knee striking and blocking techniques. Some weapons that may be used are the staff, sword, knife, dagger and nunchaku.
Not all forms of self-defense are actually considered to be martial arts. Some argue that unless warriors were using a fighting system in actual combat, it was not truly a martial art. Additionally, there is a difference between martial art and martial sport; the sport application of a combat system is not a martial art. Not all activities designated as martial arts are martial or artistic.
While some developed from warrior combat, other martial arts developed as a means for spiritual and physical development. Strictly defined, martial arts are combat arts, methods for killing an opponent in battle. Martial ways, or, those arts that have a spiritual component, go beyond combat effectiveness.
Today, the martial arts are practiced for health and fitness, sport, law enforcement, spiritual benefits as well as for self-defense.


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Long-term follow-up shows need for new chemotherapy strategies for rectal cancer
- Date:
- January 22, 2014
- Source:
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer
- Summary:
- Long-term results of EORTC trial 22921 with 10.4 years median follow-up show that 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy after preoperative (chemo)-radiotherapy for patients with cT3-resectable T4 M0 rectal cancer does not improve survival or disease-free survival.
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Appearing in Lancet Oncology, long term results of EORTC trial 22921 with 10.4 years median follow-up show that 5-FU (fluorouracil) based adjuvant chemotherapy after preoperative (chemo)-radiotherapy for patients with cT3-resectable T4 M0 rectal cancer does not improve survival or disease-free survival.
EORTC trial 22921 explored the value of adding chemotherapy to preoperative radiotherapy either concurrently, or as an adjuvant, or both for patients with cT3-resectable T4 M0 rectal cancer. Between April 1993 and March 2003, 1011 patients were randomized to four treatment arms, 252 patients received preoperative radiotherapy alone, 253 patients received preoperative radiotherapy -- chemotherapy, 253 patients received preoperative radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, and 253 patients received preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.
Prof. Jean-François Bosset of the CHRU de Besancon -- Hopital Jean Minjoz in France and lead author of this study says, "When we looked at the results after five years median follow-up, we saw that chemotherapy, regardless of when it was administered, significantly improved local control. However, adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve survival or disease-free survival, but we noted that the curves by adjuvant treatment did diverge progressively starting from year four for overall survival and from year two for disease-free survival. This suggested a possible delayed benefit, and we wanted to resolve this. The long term follow-up results suggest that new treatment strategies incorporating neoadjuvant chemotherapy are required, because adjuvant chemotherapy does not demonstrate any significant long term benefit on overall survival or disease-free survival."
Results of EORTC trial 22921 show that compliance with adjuvant chemotherapy was poor, and only 42.9%of the patients received the planned dose within the scheduled time frame. The 10-year overall survival rates were 51.8% (CI 47.0-56.4) for the patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and 48.4% (95% CI 43.6-53.0%) for those in the surveillance groups (HR=0.91, 95% CI 0.77-1.09, p=0.32). The 10-year disease free survival rates were 47.0% (CI 42.2-51.6%) for the patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and 43.7% (CI 39.1-48.2%) for those in the surveillance groups (HR=0.91, 95% CI 0.77-1.08, p=0.29).
Most relapses occur within five years, and at ten years local relapse rates were 22.4% (CI 17.1-27.6) with radiotherapy alone, 11.8% (7.8-15.8%) with neoadjuvant radiotherapy-chemotherapy, 14.5% (10.1-18.9%) with radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, and 11.7% (7.7-15.6%) with both adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=0.0017).
There was no difference in cumulative incidence of distant metastases (p=0.52). The frequency of long term side effects did not differ between the four groups (p=0.22).
Story Source:
Materials provided by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Original written by John Bean. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
- Jean-François Bosset, Gilles Calais, Laurent Mineur, Philippe Maingon, Suzana Stojanovic-Rundic, René-Jean Bensadoun, Etienne Bardet, Alexander Beny, Jean-Claude Ollier, Michel Bolla, Dominique Marchal, Jean-Luc Van Laethem, Vincent Klein, Jordi Giralt, Pierre Clavère, Christoph Glanzmann, Patrice Cellier, Laurence Collette. Fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: long-term results of the EORTC 22921 randomised study. The Lancet Oncology, 2014; DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70599-0
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