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On April 17, peasants in six departments of Honduras moved to occupy land which should have been distributed to them under the land reform. In the Bajo Aguán area, close to the Caribbean coast, wealthy farmers and agribusiness companies have been annexing land to turn it over to large-scale production of palm oil for bio-fuel. Now peasant families have occupied the land and established six settlements to grow food for their families and local markets.
"Land, well, it's our first mother. For us farmers, we don't have life without land. That's the reason we're in this struggle."
Consuelo Castillo
Lauren Elliott & Beverly Bell
In Honduras, as in most places, the government and the wealthy treat land as a commodity. In pursuit of the profits it offers, they have taken enormous tracts of land from indigenous peoples and small farmers, often through legally suspect if not outright violent means.
On April 17, several thousand Hondurans set out to take back some of this land. They occupied 30,000 acres of land that day, claiming a legal right to grow crops there. These occupations were part of the International Day of Peasants' Struggle, organized by the several million-member, world-wide, small-farmer organization Via Campesina. From Mozambique to Palestine to Spain, farmers and activists took to the streets, hosted teach-ins, and established land occupations. Over 250 actions took place globally on that one day.
While the April 17 action in Honduras made international headlines, it was just a snapshot of a much larger national movement for land reform that is rarely reported. Documented or not, it's making waves that can't be ignored. In 2009, the democratically-elected President Manuel Zelaya, who had been making concessions to the grassroots' demand for agrarian reform, was ousted and replaced with a government whose favorite motto quickly became "Honduras is open for business." But despite, or perhaps because of the coup d'état – as Consuelo Castillo suggests in the interview below – the resistance is growing.
Four days after these land occupations began, the Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH) celebrated a long-fought victory: winning a community title to 741 acres of their ancestral land. COPINH and the Honduran Black Fraternal Organization (OFRANEH) are two groups demanding the right to communal control over ancestral lands, rivers, forests, and agriculture. Over the years, they and others have reclaimed ancestral lands, and stalled or stopped free trade agreements, hydro-electric dams, mining exploration, and logging. Their victories have come through the strength of their movements and their marches, national mobilizations, and direct actions such as road blockades.
For decades in the fertile Bajo Aguán region, the members of small-farmer cooperatives such as the Aguán Small Farmers' Movement and the Unified Movement of Aguán Farmers have been peacefully occupying land they claim has been taken from them, mainly by bio-fuel agribusiness. Today, despite constant arrests, assassinations, and threats from the landowners and the government, they have established six settlements where they're working towards their long-term vision of food sovereignty, liberatory education systems, collectively run media, cooperative businesses, and strong community.
In the fifth part of the Birthing Justice series, we'll hear from Consuelo Castillo, an organizer with the land movement in Bajo Aguán and a resident of Lempira, one of the six land reform settlements.
My name is Consuelo Castillo and I have been fighting to defend the land for five years. Our goal is for everyone who is part of the land occupations to have access to land. Land, well, it's our first mother. For us farmers, we don't have life without land. That's the reason we're in this struggle.
We want a better Honduras, a different Honduras where there is equality for everyone. A Honduras where everyone can enjoy the wealth generated by this country and the fruits of our land. We're fighting for the changes that we truly need and, well, I believe that with everyone's strength and work, we're going to reach the goal.
The [national] resistance has a lot of capacity. Those participating in the resistance are the people most marginalized, those suffering most because of the coup. There have been families that have lost their jobs, family members, and many other things because of the coup, understand? People are ready to give their lives for their country, and so we are going to continue defending what is ours. All of the small-farmer organizations are in resistance here in the department of Colón.
We think about having a society that's truly participatory, where there is equality and all our rights are respected. This is our fight and, well, we are trying to change the whole capitalist system. We are trying to reinvent this chain from below because the changes are not going to suddenly happen from above. Those from above don't think there should be change. But for us, including the humblest and the hardest hit, this is why we are fighting.
There are various small-farmer organizations in the struggle to recover the land. This all started on December 9 [2009, after the coup d'état], when we went to different areas, like Lempira and the western regions, to retake the farmlands. We've occupied this land for two years, struggling and continuing the fight amid forced removals, militarization of the lands, and assassinations. We put enough pressure on the government that in 2010 they made an agreement to relocate us to these six settlements.
Even though we've signed agreements, there's conflict. The negotations are through the government, and the government is like a messenger of Mr. Facussé [a major landowner]. Since he has lots of money, he buys the authorities and we, the poor people, receive nothing from the government. There have always been murders and kidnappings and threats of fines and all that. So, these aren't yet liberated territories. We're fighting to liberate the land we've occupied.
That's where we are right now. We must develop our education, health and housing so that we can live a dignified life as farmers. The situation is very critical. We don't have hope that the government is going to address these issues. They don't care if the poor are hungry. Our hope is in our struggle, in the fact that each citizen is going to make an effort to change our country.
Some of the settlements have been able to develop projects for water, light, and other things that benefit us. With everyone's efforts we managed to build [a cooperative food store]. When we buy food from other places we generate profits for other people, sometimes for the imperialists themselves. So, we've all invested in the food store and it belongs to everyone. For example, this week we won't get paid because production is low. But we have food, so even if we don't get a salary at the end of the week our kids won't go hungry. In short, we have this resource for difficult times.
About 50 percent of what we eat is nutritious food, food we grew ourselves, like corn, beans, some vegetables. And our milk, it's natural milk taken directly from the cow, something real. Right now there are many health epidemics in the occupied territories. Too many! Our families aren't accustomed to living where they are so vulnerable, where so many chemicals have been dumped in the ground.[1] We are trying not to eat certain foods that both help our enemy and are very harmful to our health.
We're fighting for our kids. They're the foundation of this movement. They are what's important. We've started this movement for our children so they can have their basic needs met, live in dignity, and have access to education. For example, the political assassinations have left some children without mothers, without brothers. The kids are the ones that are impacted the most.
No matter what happens, we're going to keep on fighting for our sisters and brothers who gave up their lives, whose blood was spilled for this land God gave to us, the Honduran people, so that we could all enjoy the land's natural resources and wealth. Our martyred sisters and brothers may be lying in the grave right now, but as far as we're concerned, they're still here with us, standing by our side in this fight. We are not going to give up the struggle; we're going to keep at it to the very end, no matter what happens.
1. Most of the settlements are on cultivated palm plantations, where large levels of chemicals and pesticides have been used. Birth defects and other health problems have been documented at an alarming level.
To learn more about the resistance in Honduras see, hondurasresists.blogspot.com and www.ofraneh.org. To read more about land struggles globally, see the second article in the Birthing Justice series, "Without Firing an Arm, We Created a Revolution: Land Reform."
Interview translated by Tim Burke, Monica Dyer, David Schmidt, and Gislaine Williams.


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Ancient Rose Gold Earrings with Danglers
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- Earring Length: Just about 7cm
These Earrings are designed with handcrafted felt tassels to create a fusion of ancient design with modern tassels, a very unique design. They are perfect for any occasion or regular wear, can easily be paired up in contrast or can be matched up to the outfit, adding a bohemian touch to the complete look.
We have designed these statement earrings to be light in weight for ones delicate ears.
Please note: The polish done on these earrings to create this beautiful design may have minor inconsistency around to create an ancient look. We attribute this to the ancient design which lends to the exclusivity of the product.

subset: commoncrawl


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Dave Dameshek counts down the Most Painful Losses in Pittsburgh Sports Since 1979. Unfortunately, there are so many choices... [ESPN.com]
--Behind the Steel Curtain chats with Craig Wolfley, who is also all aboard the Limas Train. [BTSC]
--Former Steeler FB Dan Kreider has signed with the Arizona Cardinals. How unoriginal. [Trib]
--Big Ben recently teed it up at the Kraft Nabisco Golf Championship. [Big Ben News]
--Topps must be officially out of ideas for baseball cards, because Bernie Madoff somehow made it into their newest release. [Topps.com]
--Congratulations to the Penn State Nittany Lions, which became college basketball's 66th-best team by winning the NIT last night. The highlight of the game had to be when Baylor's coach got a technical for tossing his jacket to a team manager. [ESPN]
--Tim Floyd turned down the Arizona job, which means the Wildcats can now pursue Jamie Dixon with all their energy. [ESPN]
--Speaking of Dixon, he showed up at Pitt football practice on Thursday and caught a few bombs from Bill Stull. OK, I made that second part up. But he did check out his football counterpart. [Trib]
--An instant classic from yesteryear: Norm MacDonald at the 1998 ESPYs. You won't see this rebroadcast on the Worldwide Leader anytime soon. [Deadspin]
--Pittsburgh makes the list of 10 affordable places to retire. [Yahoo!]
--It's America's unhealthiest restaurants, which, ironically, are also America's best restaurants. [Yahoo Health]
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Shooting Water Sports
Surfing, rafting, wakeboarding, and the likes are some of the most exhilarating, adrenaline-pumping sports. The splash and the rush of the water make water sports a good subject of photography. But shooting water sports can be a challenge. Here are some tips that might help you when shooting water sports:
Planning is key
What separates a great photo from a mediocre snapshot is the careful planning that goes into taking photos. Before shooting, professional photographers always make some plans, including creating a mental image of the photos they want to take.
When taking photos of extreme water sports, you will encounter many situations that will need careful planning for the strategy for shooting and the equipment you carry. For many of these photo pursuits, you must determine environmental hazards to yourself, the subjects, as well as your equipment. Safety must be your highest priority.
Protect your camera
Protecting your camera is critical when shooting water sports. Salt water, and even fresh water, is very corrosive. Thus you need a waterproof case or bag when shooting rafting, surfing, and other paddle sports. You also have to clean and dry your camera carefully every day.
Expect the unexpected
On a paddle or rafting trip, you will be on the water four to five hours daily. If you are careful and have a waterproof camera case, you can shoot while sitting on the boat. Ask the raft guide if the approaching rapids are splashy or if a complete dousing should be expected. Expecting the unexpected will help you prepare for the best shots.
Make use of creative tools
Use a wide-angle zoom lens (for example, the 17-35 zoom). Set your camera to slower shutter speeds in order to see what you like the most. Another creative tool that you might want to use is reflection. Observe carefully the water reflections on water during sunrise and sunset. They become even more pronounced when the water lies between you and the sky's brightest part.


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Community forum: Spaulding explains move to National Life building
This week's writer is Jeb Spaulding, Vermont Secretary of Administration.
News stories last week have resulted in a significant misunderstanding about the move to the National Life campus by the Agency of Natural Resources. One daily paper even editorialized with words and phrases like "extravagant" and "costs run amok." Based on numerous conversations and written communications with Vermonters, I know the impression they received was that there was a fourfold cost overrun, that the rehabbed space is luxurious, and that legislators were surprised when they only recently learned of the actual projected cost. None of those impressions are accurate.
This project is a terrific deal for taxpayers. Of the projected $8.6 million cost, National Life is paying for $3.5 million. The cost per square foot is less than $50, including parking, for the renovation. By comparison, I am told a reasonable per-square-foot cost, with parking, for new construction is about $400. We are adding over 400 workstations. That would mean, if we were building new, the cost would have been over $30 million, as opposed to the $8.6 million. In addition, before proceeding we verified that moving ANR to National Life would be far less expensive than renovating space for them at the Waterbury State Office Complex.
Last July, the administration publicly presented the first estimate of $7.5 million to legislators for the cost to rehabilitate space at National Life for approximately 1,000 employees, thereby allowing the 400 or so employees of ANR to join the Transportation and Commerce agencies at that location. The estimate was increased to $8.6 million in October and, again, shared with legislative committees. The earliest internal estimates I can find showed a range between $6.8 and $10 million. And even if, as we have heard, the House Institutions Committee heard an informal $2 million guesstimate prior to any project scoping, that certainly would not constitute an estimate to base cost overruns on.
Extravagant digs? No way. Modern, functional, and efficient? Absolutely. The average space per employee is decreasing by over 50 square feet. Even the agency secretaries and commissioners will no longer have private offices. Some have wondered why all floors of the building had to be renovated. Simple, in order to end up with 400 more workstations at National Life, we needed to house more employees on every floor.
Consolidating the agencies of Natural Resources, Transportation, and Commerce in one building will pay dividends for decades by fostering cooperation and collaboration, resulting in the kind of increased productivity so evident in the aftermath of Tropical Storm Irene. In addition, this project allows hundreds of state employees to return to a work in central Vermont. Without the move, the ANR departments would be scattered around Vermont from Graniteville, to Fayston, to Winooski in leased space for at least another two years.
The ANR move to National Life is a good news story that should not go unheralded.
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@ Dr Sarah J. Buckley 2005 www.sarahbuckley.com
Previously versions have been published in Mothering magazine, issue 102, Sept-Oct 2000, and Nexus magazine, vol 9, no 6, Oct-Nov 2002.
A fully updated and expanded version is published in Gentle Birth, Gentle Mothering: A Doctor's Guide to Natural Childbirth and Gentle Early Parenting Choices (Sarah J Buckley, Celestial Arts, 2009).
When I was pregnant with my first baby in 1990, I decided against having a scan. This was a rather unusual decision, as my partner and I are both doctors and had even done pregnancy scans ourselves- rather ineptly, but sometimes usefully- while training in GP/family physician obstetrics a few years earlier.
What influenced me the most was my feeling that I would lose something important as a mother if I allowed someone to test my baby. I knew that if a minor or uncertain problem showed up – and this is not uncommon — that I would be obliged to return again and again, and that after a while, it would feel as if my baby belonged to the system, and not to me.
In the years since then I have had three more unscanned babies, and have read many articles and research papers about ultrasound. Nothing I have read has made me reconsider my decision. Although ultrasound may sometimes be useful when specific problems are suspected, my conclusion is that it is at best ineffective and at worse dangerous when used as a "screening tool" for every pregnant woman and her baby.
Ultrasound Past and Present
Ultrasound was developed during WWII to detect enemy submarines, and was subsequently used in the steel industry. In July 1955 Glasgow surgeon Ian Donald borrowed an industrial machine and, using beefsteaks as controls, began to experiment with abdominal tumours that he had removed from his patients. He discovered that different tissues gave different patterns of ultrasound "echo", leading him to realise that ultrasound offered a revolutionary way to look into the previously mysterious world of the growing baby.1
This new technology spread rapidly into clinical obstetrics. Commercial machines became available in 1963 2 and by the late 1970's ultrasound had become a routine part of obstetric care.3 Today, ultrasound is seen as safe and effective and scanning has become a rite of passage for pregnant women in developed countries. Here in Australia, it is estimated that 99 percent of babies are scanned at least once in pregnancy – mostly as a routine prenatal ultrasound (RPU) at 4 to 5 months. In the US, where this cost is borne by the insurer or privately, around 70 percent of pregnant women have a scan.4
However, there is growing concern as to its safety and usefulness. UK consumer activist Beverley Beech has called RPU "the biggest uncontrolled experiment in history",5 and the Cochrane Collaborative Database – the peak scientific authority in medicine-concludes that,
…no clear benefit in terms of a substantive outcome measure like perinatal mortality [number of babies dying around the time of birth] can yet be discerned to result from the routine use of ultrasound.6
This seems a very poor reward for the huge costs involved. In 1997-8, for example, $39 million was paid by the Australian federal government for pregnancy scans- an enormous expense compared to $54 million for all other obstetric medicare costs.7 This figure does not include the additional costs paid by the woman herself. In the US, an estimated US$1.2 billion would be spent yearly if every pregnant woman had a single routine scan.
In 1987, UK radiologist H.D.Meire, who had been performing pregnancy scans for 20 years, commented,
The casual observer might be forgiven for wondering why the medical profession is now involved in the wholesale examination of pregnant patients with machines emanating vastly different powers of energy which is not proven to be harmless to obtain information which is not proven to be of any clinical value by operators who are not certified as competent to perform the operations.8
The situation today is unchanged, on every count.
The 1999 Senate Committee report, 'Rocking the Cradle' recommended that the cost-benefit of routine scanning, and of current ultrasound practices, be formally assessed. Recommendations were also made to develop guidelines for the safe use of all obstetric ultrasound, as well as for the development of standards for the training of ultrasonographers (see below). So far, none of these recommendations have been implemented.7
What is Ultrasound?
The term "ultrasound" refers to the ultra-high frequency soundwaves used for diagnostic scanning. These waves travel at 10 to 20 million cycles per second, compared to10 to 20 thousand cycles per second for audible sound.2 Ultrasound waves are emitted by a transducer (the part of the machine that is put onto the body), and a picture of the underlying tissues is built up from the pattern of "echo" waves which return. Hard surfaces such as bone will return a stronger echo than soft tissue or fluids, giving the bony skeleton a white appearance on the screen.
Ordinary scans use pulses of ultrasound that last only a fraction of a second, with the interval between waves being used by the machine to interpret the echo that returns. In contrast, Doppler techniques, which are used in specialised scans, fetal monitors and hand-held fetal stethoscopes ("sonicaids") feature continuous waves, giving much higher levels of exposure than 'pulsed' ultrasound. Many women do not realise that the small machines used to listen to their baby's heartbeat are actually using Doppler ultrasound, although with fairly low exposure levels.
More recently, ultrasonographers have been using vaginal ultrasound, where the transducer is placed high in the vagina, much closer to the developing baby. This is used mostly in early pregnancy, when abdominal scans can give poor pictures. However, with vaginal ultrasound, there is little intervening tissue to shield the baby, who is at a vulnerable stage of development, and exposure levels will be high. Having a vaginal ultrasound is not a pleasant procedure for the woman; the term "diagnostic rape" was coined to describe how some women experience vaginal scans.
Another recent application for ultrasound is the "nuchal translucency test", where the thickness of the skin fold at the back of the baby's head is measured at around 3 months; a thick 'nuchal (neck) fold' makes the baby more likely, statistically, to have Downs syndrome.
When the baby's risk is estimated to be over one in 250, a definitive test is recommended. This involves taking some of the baby's tissue by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Around 19 out of 20 babies diagnosed as 'high risk' by nuchal translucency will not turn out to be affected by Down's syndrome, and their mothers will have experienced several weeks of unnecessary anxiety.
A nuchal translucency scan does not detect all babies affected by Down's syndrome. (For more about prenatal testing, see Sarah's article, on prenatal diagnosis, coming soon as ebook and audio package.)
Information Gained from Ultrasound
Ultrasound is mainly used for two purposes in pregnancy- either to investigate a possible problem at any stage of pregnancy, or as a routine scan at around 18 weeks.
If there is bleeding in early pregnancy, for example, ultrasound may predict whether miscarriage is inevitable. Later in pregnancy, ultrasound can be used when a baby is not growing, or when a breech baby or twins are suspected. In these cases, the information gained from ultrasound may be very useful in decision-making for the woman and her carers. However the use of routine prenatal ultrasound (RPU) is more controversial, as this involves scanning all pregnant women in the hope of improving the outcome for some mothers and babies.
The timing of routine scans (18 to 20 weeks) is chosen for pragmatic reasons. It offers a reasonably accurate due date — although dating is most accurate at the early stages of pregnancy, when babies vary the least in size — and the baby is big enough to see most of the abnormalities that are detectable on ultrasound. However, at this stage, the EDD (expected date of delivery) is only accurate to a week either side, and some studies have suggested that an early examination, or calculations based on a woman's menstrual cycle, can be as accurate as RPU.9 10
And while many women are reassured by a normal scan, RPU actually detects only between 17 and 85 percent of the 1 in 50 babies that have major abnormalities at birth.11 12 A recent study from Brisbane showed that ultrasound at a major women's hospital missed around 40 percent of abnormalities, with most of these being difficult or impossible to detect.13 Major causes of intellectual disability such as cerebral palsy and Down's syndrome are unlikely to be picked up on a routine scan, as are heart and kidney abnormalities.
When an abnormality is detected, there is a small chance that the finding is a "false positive", where the ultrasound diagnosis is wrong. A UK survey showed that, for one in 200 babies aborted for major abnormalities, the diagnosis on post-mortem was less severe than predicted by ultrasound and the termination was probably unjustified. In this survey, 2.4 percent of the babies diagnosed with major malformations, but not aborted, had conditions that were significantly over or under-diagnosed.14
There are also many cases of error with more minor abnormalities, which can cause anxiety and repeated scans, and there are some conditions which have been seen to spontaneously resolve.15
As well as false positives, there are also uncertain cases, where the ultrasound findings cannot be easily interpreted, and the outcome for the baby is not known. In one study involving women at high risk, almost 10 percent of scans were uncertain.16 This can create immense anxiety for the woman and her family, and the worry may not be allayed by the birth of a normal baby. In the same study, mothers with "questionable" diagnoses still had this anxiety three months after the birth of their baby.
In some cases of uncertainty, the doubt can be resolved by further tests such as amniocentesis. In this situation, there may be up to two weeks wait for results, during which time a mother has to decide if she would terminate the pregnancy if an abnormality is found. Even mothers who receive reassuring news have felt that this process has interfered with their relationship with their baby.17
As well as estimating the EDD and checking for major abnormalities, RPU can also identify a low-lying placenta (placenta praevia), and detect the presence of more than one baby at an early stage of pregnancy. However, 19 out of 20 women who have placenta praevia detected on an early scan will be needlessly worried: the placenta will effectively move up, and not cause problems at the birth. Furthermore detection of placenta praevia by RPU has not been found to be safer than detection in labour.15 No improvement in outcome has been shown for multiple pregnancies either; the vast majority of these will be detected before labour, even without RPU.
The American College of Obstetricians, in their 1997 guidelines on routine ultrasound in low-risk pregnancy, conclude
In a population of women with low-risk pregnancies, neither a reduction in perinatal morbidity [harm to babies around the time of birth] and mortality nor a lower rate of unnecessary interventions can be expected from routine diagnostic ultrasound. Thus ultrasound should be performed for specific indications in low-risk pregnancy.18
Biological Effects of Ultrasound
Ultrasound waves are known to affect tissues in two main ways. Firstly, the sonar beam causes heating of the highlighted area by about one degree celsius. This is presumed to be non-significant, based on whole-body heating in pregnancy, which seems to be safe up to 2.5 degrees Celsius.19
The second recognised effect is cavitation, where the small pockets of gas which exist within mammalian tissue vibrate and then collapse. In this situation
…temperatures of many thousands of degrees celsius in the gas create a wide range of chemical products, some of which are potentially toxic. These violent processes may be produced by micro-second pulses of the kind which are used in medical diagnosis….19
The significance of cavitation effects in human tissue is unknown.
A number of studies have suggested that these effects are of real concern in living tissues. The first study suggesting problems was a study on cells grown in the lab. Cell abnormalities caused by exposure to ultrasound were seen to persist for several generations.20 Another study showed that, in newborn rats, (who are at a similar stage of brain development to humans at four to five months in utero), ultrasound can damage the myelin that covers nerves,21 indicating that the nervous system may be particularly susceptible to damage from this technology.
Brennan and colleagues, reported that exposing mice to dosages typical of obstetric ultrasound caused a 22 percent reduction in the rate of cell division, and a doubling of the rate of aptosis, or programmed cell death, in the cells of the small intestine.22
Mole comments
If exposure to ultrasound… causes death of cells, then the practice of ultrasonic imaging at 16 to 18 weeks will cause loss of neurones [brain cells] with little prospect of replacement of lost cells…The vulnerability is not for malformation but for maldevelopment leading to mental impairment caused by overall reduction in the number of functionning neurones in the future cerebral hemispheres.23
Studies on humans exposed to ultrasound have shown that possible adverse effects include premature ovulation,24 preterm labour or miscarriage,15 25 low birth weight,26 27 poorer condition at birth,28 29 perinatal death,28-30 dyslexia,31 delayed speech development,32 and less right-handedness.33-36 Non right-handedness is, in other circumstances, seen as a marker of damage to the developing brain.35 37 One Australian study showed that babies exposed to 5 or more doppler ultrasounds were 30% more likely to develop intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)- a condition that ultrasound is often used to detect.26
Two long-term randomised controlled trials, comparing exposed and unexposed childrens' development at eight to nine years old, found no measurable effect from ultrasound.38 39 However, as the authors note, intensities used today are many times higher than in 1979 to 1981. Further, in the major branch of one trial, scanning time was only three minutes.40 More studies are obviously needed in this area, particularly in the areas of Doppler and vaginal ultrasound, where exposure levels are much higher.
A further problem with studying ultrasound's effect is the huge range of output, or dose, possible from a single machine. Modern machines can give comparable ultrasound pictures using a lower, or a 5 000 times higher dose,8 and there are no standards to ensure that the lowest dose is used. Because of the complexity of machines, it is difficult to even quantify the dose given in each examination.41 In Australia training is voluntary, even for obstetricians, and the skill and experience of operators varies widely.
A summary of the safety of ultrasound in human studies, published in May 2002 in the prestigious US journal Epidemiology concluded
…there may be a relation between prenatal ultrasound exposure and adverse outcome. Some of the reported effects include growth restriction, delayed speech, dyslexia, and non-right-handedness associated with ultrasound exposure. Continued research is needed to evaluate the potential adverse effects of ultrasound exposure during pregnancy. These studies should measure the acoustic output, exposure time, number of exposures per subject, and the timing during the pregnancy when exposure(s) occurred.42
Women's Experiences of Ultrasound
Women have not been consulted at any stage in the development of this technology, and their experiences and wishes are presumed to coincide with, or be less important than, the medical information that ultrasound provides. For example, supporters of RPU presume that early diagnosis and/or termination is beneficial to the affected woman and her family. However the discovery of a major abnormality on RPU can lead to very difficult decision-making.
Some women who agree to have an ultrasound are unaware that they may get information about their baby that they do not want, as they would not contemplate a termination. Other women can feel pressured to have a termination, or at the least feel some emotional distancing from their "abnormal" baby.17 Furthermore, there is no evidence that women who have chosen termination are, in the long term, psychologically better off than women whose babies have died at birth; in fact, there are suggestions that the opposite may be true in some cases.43 And when termination has been chosen, women are unlikely to share their story with others and can experience considerable guilt and pain from the knowledge that they themselves chose the loss.
When minor abnormalities are found- which may or may not be present at birth, as discussed above- women can feel that some of the pleasure has been taken away from their pregnancy.
Women's experiences with ultrasound and other tests used for prenatal diagnosis (eg amniocentesis) are thoughtfully presented in the book The Tentative Pregnancy by Barbara Katz Rothman.44 The author documents the heartache that women can go through when a difficult diagnosis is made-for some women, this pain can take years to resolve. She suggests that the large numbers of screening tests currently being offered to check for abnormalities may make every woman feel that her pregnancy is 'tentative' until she receives reassuring results.
To my mind, ultrasound also represents yet another way in which the deep internal knowledge that a mother has of her body and her baby is made secondary to technological information that comes from an 'expert' using a machine. Thus the 'cult of the expert' is imprinted from the earliest weeks of life.
Furthermore by treating the baby as a separate being, ultrasound artificially splits mother from baby well before this is a physiological or psychic reality. This further emphasises our cultures favouring of individualism over mutuality and sets the scene for possible- but to my mind artificial- conflicts of interest between mother and baby in pregnancy, birth and parenting.
Conclusions and Recommendations
I would urge all pregnant women to think deeply before they choose to have a routine ultrasound. It is not compulsory, despite what some doctors have said, and the risks, benefits and implications of scanning need to be considered for each mother and baby, according to their specific situation.
If you choose to have a scan, be clear about the information that you do and do not want to be told. Have your scan done by an operator with a high level of skill and experience (usually this means performing at least 750 scans per year) and say that you want the shortest scan possible. Ask them to fill out the form, or give you the information, as above, and to sign it.
If an abnormality is found, ask for counselling and a second opinion as soon as practical. And remember that it's your baby, your body and your choice.
For the whole story on pregnancy ultrasound, see Dr Buckley's webinar "Pregnancy Ultrasound", including a 2016 update to this chapter. Available to GentleNaturalBirth professional members. See all GNB professional webinars here.
See also Dr Buckley's 2016 blog, Ultrasound scans in pregnancy: Your questions answered
1. Wagner M. Ultrasound: more harm than good? Midwifery Today Int Midwife 1999(50):28-30.
2. de Crespigny L, Dredge R. Which Tests for my Unborn Baby?- Ultrasound and other prenatal tests. 2nd ed. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1996.
3. Oakley A. The history of ultrasonography in obstetrics. Birth 1986;13(1):8-13.
4. Martin J, et al. Births: Final data for 2002. National vital statistics reports. Hyattsville MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2003.
5. Beech BL. Ultrasound unsound? Talk at Mercy Hospital, Melbourne, April 1993.
6. Neilson JP. Ultrasound for fetal assessment in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000(2):CD000182.
7. Senate Community Affairs Reference Group. Rocking the Cradle; A report into childbirth procedures. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 1999.
8. Meire HB. The safety of diagnostic ultrasound. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1987;94(12):1121-2.
9. Olsen O, Aaroe Clausen J. Routine ultrasound dating has not been shown to be more accurate than the calendar method. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104(11):1221-2.
10. Kieler H, et al. Comparison of ultrasonic measurement of biparietal diameter and last menstrual period as a predictor of day of delivery in women with regular 28 day-cycles. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1993;72(5):347-9.
11. Ewigman BG, et al. Effect of prenatal ultrasound screening on perinatal outcome. RADIUS Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993;329(12):821-7.
12. Luck CA. Value of routine ultrasound scanning at 19 weeks: a four year study of 8849 deliveries. Br Med J 1992;304(6840):1474-8.
13. Chan F. Limitations of Ultrasound. Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand 1st Annual Congress. Freemantle, Australia, 1997.
14. Brand IR, et al. Specificity of antenatal ultrasound in the Yorkshire Region: a prospective study of 2261 ultrasound detected anomalies ACOG Committee Opinion. Number 297, August 2004. Nonmedical use of obstetric ultrasonography. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;101(5):392-7.
15. Saari-Kemppainen A, et al. Ultrasound screening and perinatal mortality: controlled trial of systematic one-stage screening in pregnancy. The Helsinki Ultrasound Trial. Lancet 1990;336(8712):387-91.
16. Sparling JW, et al. The relationship of obstetric ultrasound to parent and infant behavior. Obstet Gynecol 1988;72(6):902-7.
17. Brookes A. Women's experience of routine prenatal ultrasound. Healthsharing Women: The Newsletter of Healthsharing Women's Health Resource Service, melbourne 1994/5;5(3-4):1-5.
18. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice patterns. Routine ultrasound in low-risk pregnancy. Number 5, August 1997. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1997;59(3):273-8.
19. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Bioeffects Committee. Bioeffects considerations for the safety of diagnostic ultrasound. J Ultrasound Med 1988;7(9 Suppl):S1-38.
20. Liebeskind D, et al. Diagnostic ultrasound: effects on the DNA and growth patterns of animal cells. Radiology 1979;131(1):177-84.
21. Ellisman MH, et al. Diagnostic levels of ultrasound may disrupt myelination. Exp Neurol 1987;98(1):78-92.
22. Stanton MT, et al. Diagnostic ultrasound induces change within numbers of cryptal mitotic and apoptotic cells in small intestine. Life Sci 2001;68(13):1471-5.
23. Mole R. Possible hazards of imaging and Doppler ultrasound in obstetrics. Birth 1986;13 Suppl:23-33 suppl, p 26.
24. Testart J, et al. Premature ovulation after ovarian ultrasonography. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1982;89(9):694-700.
25. Lorenz RP, et al. Randomized prospective trial comparing ultrasonography and pelvic examination for preterm labor surveillance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162(6):1603-7; discussion 1607-10.
26. Newnham JP, et al. Effects of frequent ultrasound during pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1993;342(8876):887-91.
27. Geerts LT, et al. Routine obstetric ultrasound examinations in South Africa: cost and effect on perinatal outcome–a prospective randomised controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996;103(6):501-7.
28. Newnham JP, et al. Doppler flow velocity waveform analysis in high risk pregnancies: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1991;98(10):956-63.
29. Thacker SB. Quality of controlled clinical trials. The case of imaging ultrasound in obstetrics: a review. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985;92(5):437-44.
30. Davies JA, et al. Randomised controlled trial of Doppler ultrasound screening of placental perfusion during pregnancy. Lancet 1992;340(8831):1299-303.
31. Stark CR, et al. Short- and long-term risks after exposure to diagnostic ultrasound in utero. Obstet Gynecol 1984;63(2):194-200.
32. Campbell JD, et al. Case-control study of prenatal ultrasonography exposure in children with delayed speech. Can Med Assoc J 1993;149(10):1435-40.
33. Salvesen KA, et al. Routine ultrasonography in utero and subsequent handedness and neurological development. Br Med J 1993;307(6897):159-64.
34. Salvesen KA, Eik-Nes SH. Ultrasound during pregnancy and subsequent childhood non-right handedness: a meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999;13(4):241-6.
35. Kieler H, et al. Sinistrality–a side-effect of prenatal sonography: a comparative study of young men. Epidemiology 2001;12(6):618-23.
36. Kieler H, et al. Routine ultrasound screening in pregnancy and the children's subsequent handedness. Early Hum Dev 1998;50(2):233-45.
37. Odent M. Where does handedness come from? Handedness from a primal health research perspective. Primal Health Research 1998;6(1):1-6.
38. Kieler H, et al. Routine ultrasound screening in pregnancy and the children's subsequent neurologic development. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91(5 Pt 1):750-6.
39. Salvesen KA, et al. Routine ultrasonography in utero and school performance at age 8-9 years. Lancet 1992;339(8785):85-9.
40. Salvesen KA, et al. Routine ultrasonography in utero and subsequent growth during childhood. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1993;3(1):6-10.
41. Taylor KJ. A prudent approach to ultrasound imaging of the fetus and newborn. Birth 1990;17(4):218-21, 223; discussion 221-2.
42. Marinac-Dabic D, et al. The safety of prenatal ultrasound exposure in human studies. Epidemiology 2002;13(3 Suppl):S19-22.
43. Watkins D. An alternative to termination of pregnancy. Practitioner 1989;233(1472):990, 992.
44. Rothman B. The Tentative Pregnancy. Amniocentesis and the sexual politics of motherhood. 2nd ed. London: Pandora, 1994.


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Thinking about putting your Atlanta house on the market? Before you do, learn more about the unexpected costs home sellers face when trying to sell their homes in Atlanta. You might be surprised at what you will be required to spend in order to successfully sell your home.
Many people think that they will simply call up a real estate agent in Atlanta, tell them a bit about their property, and poof… it will be listed and a buyer will be found. However, the process is rarely this easy. A lot goes into a successful MLS listing. There is a lot that happens behind the scenes and tasks that are completed by both the seller and the real estate agent. With many traditional home sales, the seller will often find themselves spending a lot of money upfront in addition to the costs and commissions that must be paid when the property closes. Below are just a few of the expenses that sellers often overlook when listing their homes on the MLS in Atlanta.
Cleaning Costs
No matter how clean your house is, there is always something that can be done. You will likely wind up spending money on cleaning products as well as giving up your time to make sure the house is spotless. Many sellers opt for a professional home cleaning, along with specialized treatments for the carpets and exterior power washing. But the job isn't ofter after the cleaning crew has left. As the seller, you will need to maintain a spotless home for all the people who want to come to see it. Someone may call wanting to see the house in 30 minutes. In order to accommodate as many potential buyers as possible, you'll need to be able to show the property at a moment's notice.
Staging Expenses
If you take a look at a few listings, you will be able to see many approaches to photography and staging. Homes that are staged well perform much better and get much more attention than homes that are simply photographed as-is. Staging can be done by a professional of you can invest in a few decorative items to help make the home feel more inviting. Keep in mind that your taste may not be for everyone, so its best to keep things simple, classic, and neutral. This is where the eye of a designer can really come in handy. To save some of the expense, some home sellers will professionally stage only one or two rooms such as the living room and kitchen.
Storage Fees
If you have a lot of stuff but nowhere to hide it away, you may want to consider renting out a storage unit for a few months. Not only will you be able to hide your stuff away, but it will give you a jump start on your upcoming move. Boxing up your unneeded items now will save you time when you move into your new house. Cleaning up your house, removing any personal belongings, and eliminating the clutter will make finding a buyer much easier for you.
Extra Marketing
With some real estate agents in Atlanta, you will only get a listing and minimal marketing efforts. For things like premium listings and professional photography, you may find yourself shelling out even more. While being able to sell your house quickly in Atlanta is often beneficial, having to pay for extra marketing in order to do it isn't always expected.
Agent Reimbursements
Most agents tend to work for a flat commission, however, there are instances where agents will ask to be reimbursed. Open house expenses, minor fixes, and items used for staging are all things agents have been known to bill for. Before you sign a listing agreement with a real estate agent in Atlanta, make sure you know what's included. You don't want to get to the closing table and find out you owe your agent more than you had planned for.
Many people fail to factor in the cost of their time when trying to sell a house in Atlanta. From the cleaning to the repairs to preparing your house for property showings, putting your house on the Atlanta MLS can require a lot of work! Be sure to factor in lost wages as well as time away from your family when you are thinking about all of the costs home sellers face in Atlanta. Your time is valuable and if selling your house will require you to spend a lot of it, you may want to think about another option.
A direct sale of your house in Atlanta will help you avoid all of the costs listed above. It will save you time and it will help you quickly resolve a difficult situation with a problem property.


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Looking for something?
Looking for something?
We do not recommend using mica or glitter in candles
Our range of micas are cosmetic grade and can be used for eyeshadows, nails, soaps and cosmetic products.
Made of mica platelets coated with titanium dioxide, our colours are free of solvents and heavy metals. They comply to EU, US, Japanese regulations for cosmetics and are approved by FDA.
Cosmetic grade Mica is used to add pearlescent sheen, metallic shimmer or iridescence to cosmetics, bath & body products and many more. Mica has a high effective quality and is prized for it's shimmery pearlescent sheen.
Mica pigment powder reflect their effects like natural pearls, creating extraordinary optical effects ranging from a fine-grained luster to a bold silvery-white sparkle.
Cosmetic Grade Mica
No animal testing
Particle Size: 10-60 m
Ingredients: Mica (12001-26-2 ), Iron Oxide (1309-37-1)


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Health and Safety Update
Important COVID-19 Health and Safety Update
The health and safety of our customers and employees is always our most important priority. As we continue to learn more about the Coronavirus (COVID-19), we focus on how it could affect our customers and employees.
At our dealership, we are following guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and local health agencies for staying healthy.
Among other measures, throughout our store, we have implemented the following:
- Require employees and customers to wear masks or cloth face coverings when inside the dealership or whenever distancing isn't practical
- Implemented daily health screening questionnaires for all employees
- Request employees stay home if they are feeling sick and report any symptoms to their manager
- Encourage employees to notify their manager if they receive a notification that they have come in contact with someone outside of work with Covid-19 and request they isolate and test for Covid-19 before returning to work.
- Request employees frequently wash their hands and disinfect workspaces throughout the day.
- Requested employees social distance and elimination of handshakes
- Added new touchless hand sanitizer stations throughout our stores
- Increased the frequency of cleaning each day
- Increased cleaning of high traffic areas such as countertops, door handles, and restrooms
- Cancelled large meetings and travel throughout our company
If you do not feel well or would rather not visit a store, please utilize our website to browse inventory, set an appointment, or chat with us. If you have any concerns about an existing sales or service appointment, we would be happy to reschedule.
We will continue to closely monitor the situation and do all we can to protect you and our employees.
(Updated August 19, 2020)


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Designed to cover the gap between the drywall and the door or window frame. We recommend that they work in harmony with the style and size of your Baseboards & Crowns.
1-3/16″ x 4-1/2″
Please select the wood species and the total number of Linear Feet you require for your project.
Not all wood species are stock items. All orders are dependent on availability and may require special orders.


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Απόφαση Eurogroup: Πλήρης παραχώρηση εθνικής κυριαρχίας και συνταγματική εκτροπή
Τα κύρια σημεία της απόφασης είναι:
– Πρωτογενές πλεόνασμα το 2013…(το άλλο με τον Τοτό το ξέρεις)
– Eνισχυμένη παρουσία σε μόνιμη βάση με αύξηση του προσωπικού της Task Force στην Ελλάδα.
– Συνεχής και στενή παρακολούθηση του προγράμματος από τους πιο πάνω (Οι νέοι υπουργοί θα είναι αυτοί). Θα γίνονται εκταμιεύσεις από ένα ειδικό λογαριασμό και ανάλογα με την πρόοδο υλοποίησης των μέτρων.
– Νομοθετική ρύθμιση για την κατά προτεραιότητα εξυπηρέτηση του χρέους.
– Συνταγματική ρύθμιση της πιο πάνω απαίτησης το συντομότερο δυνατό.
– Συμμετοχή του ιιωτικού τομέα στο κούρεμα κατά 53.5 % (στην πράξη πάνω από 75 %)
– Υλοποίηση του PSI με βάση την συμφωνία που υπεγράφη στην βουλή (Αγγλικό δίκαιο)
– Χρέος στο 120,5 % το 2020.
Διαβάστε τις αποφάσεις του Eurogroup και του ΔΝΤ
Eurogroup statement
The Eurogroup welcomes the agreement reached with the Greek government on a policy package that constitutes the basis for the successor programme. We also welcome the approval of the policy package by the Greek parliament, the identification of additional
structural expenditure reductions of € 325 million to close the fiscal gap in 2012 and the provision of assurances by the leaders of the two coalition parties regarding the implementation of the programme beyond the forthcoming general elections.
This new programme provides a comprehensive blueprint for putting the public finances and the economy of Greece back on a sustainable footing and hence for safeguarding financial stability in Greece and in the euro area as a whole.
The Eurogroup is fully aware of the significant efforts already made by the Greek citizens but also underlines that further major efforts by the Greek society are needed to return the economy to a sustainable growth path.
Ensuring debt sustainability and restoring competiveness are the main goals of the new programme. Its success hinges critically on its thorough implementation by Greece. This implies that Greece must achieve the ambitious but realistic fiscal consolidation targets so as to return to a primary surplus as from 2013, carry out fully the privatisation plans and implement the bold structural reform agenda, in both the labour market and product and service markets, in order to promote competitiveness, employment and sustainable growth.
To this end, we deem essential a further strengthening of Greece's institutional capacity. We therefore invite the Commission to significantly strengthen its Task Force for Greece, in particular through an enhanced and permanent presence on the ground in Greece, in order to bolster its capacity to provide and coordinate technical assistance. Euro area Member States stand ready to provide experts to be integrated into the Task Force. The Eurogroup also welcomes the stronger on site-monitoring capacity by the Commission to work in close and continuous cooperation with the Greek government in order to assist the Troika in assessing the conformity of measures that will be taken by the Greek government, thereby ensuring the timely and full implementation of the programme. The Eurogroup also welcomes Greece's intention to put in place a mechanism that allows better tracing and monitoring of the official borrowing and internally-generated funds destined to service Greece's debt by, under monitoring of the troika, paying an amount corresponding to the coming quarter's debt service directly to a segregated account of Greece's paying agent. Finally, the Eurogroup in this context welcomes the intention of the Greek authorities to introduce over the next two months in the Greek legal framework a provision ensuring that priority is granted to debt servicing payments. This provision will be introduced in the Greek constitution as soon as possible.
The Eurogroup acknowledges the common understanding that has been reached between the Greek authorities and the private sector on the general terms of the PSI exchange offer, covering all private sector bondholders. This common understanding provides for a nominal
haircut amounting to 53.5%. The Eurogroup considers that this agreement constitutes an appropriate basis for launching the invitation for the exchange to holders of Greek government bonds (PSI). A successful PSI operation is a necessary condition for a successor programme. The Eurogroup looks forward to a high participation of private creditors in the debt exchange, which should deliver a significant positive contribution to Greece's debt sustainability.
The Eurogroup considers that the necessary elements are now in place for Member States to carry out the relevant national procedures to allow for the provision by EFSF of (i) a buy back scheme for Greek marketable debt instruments for Eurosystem monetary policy operations, (ii) the euro area's contribution to the PSI exercise, (iii) the repayment of accrued interest on Greek government bonds, and (iv) the residual (post PSI) financing for the second Greek adjustment programme, including the necessary financing for recapitalisation of Greek banks in case of financial stability concerns.
The Eurogroup takes note that the Eurosystem (ECB and NCBs) holdings of Greek government bonds have been held for public policy purposes. The Eurogroup takes note that the income generated by the Eurosystem holdings of Greek Government bonds will contribute to the profit of the ECB and of the NCBs. The ECB's profit will be disbursed to the NCBs, in line with the ECB's statutory profit distribution rules. The NCBs' profits will be disbursed to euro area Member States in line with the NCBs' statutory profit distribution rules.
• The Eurogroup has agreed that certain government revenues that emanate from the SMP profits disbursed by NCBs may be allocated by Member States to further improving the sustainability of Greece's public debt. All Member States have agreed to an additional retroactive lowering of the interest rates of the Greek Loan Facility so that the margin amounts to 150 basis points. There will be no additional compensation for higher funding
costs. This will bring down the debt-to-GDP ratio in 2020 by 2.8pp and lower financing needs by around 1.4 bn euro over the programme period. National procedures for the ratification of this amendment to the Greek Loan Facility Agreement need to be urgently initiated so that it can enter into force as soon as possible.
• Furthermore, governments of Member States where central banks currently hold Greek government bonds in their investment portfolio commit to pass on to Greece an amount equal to any future income accruing to their national central bank stemming from this
portfolio until 2020. These income flows would be expected to help reducing the Greek debt ratio by 1.8pp by 2020 and are estimated to lower the financing needs over the programme period by approximately 1.8 bn euro.
The respective contributions from the private and the official sector should ensure that Greece's public debt ratio is brought on a downward path reaching 120.5% of GDP by 2020.
On this basis, and provided policy conditionality under the programme is met on an ongoing basis, the Eurogroup confirms that euro area Member States stand ready to provide, through the EFSF and with the expectation that the IMF will make a significant contribution, additional official programme of up to 130 bn euro until 2014.
It is understood that the disbursements for the PSI operation and the final decision to approve the guarantees for the second programme are subject to a successful PSI operation and confirmation, by the Eurogroup on the basis of an assessment by the Troika, of the legal implementation by Greece of the agreed prior actions. The official sector will decide on the precise amount of financial assistance to be provided in the context of the second Greek programme in early March, once the results of PSI are known and the prior actions have been implemented.
We reiterate our commitment to provide adequate support to Greece during the life of the programme and beyond until it has regained market access, provided that Greece fully complies with the requirements and objectives of the adjustment programme.
Η δήλωση του ΔΝΤ:
"I welcome the proposed understandings reached today by the Euro Group to support Greece.
"The combination of ambitious and broad policy efforts by Greece, and substantial and long-term financial contributions by the official and private sectors, will create the space needed to secure improvements in debt sustainability and competitiveness. These actions, together with a significant strengthening of the financial sector, will pave the way for a gradual resumption of economic growth.
"The success of this strategy crucially depends on full and timely policy implementation by Greece and long-term support by euro area member states. Recognizing the sacrifice involved for the Greek people, the strategy will also aim to minimize the impact on the poorest and most vulnerable.
"As soon as the prior actions agreed with the Greek authorities are implemented and adequate financial contribution from the private sector is secured, I intend to make a recommendation to our Executive Board regarding IMF financing to support a program.
"I also welcome today's discussion on ensuring the adequacy of the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) and European Stability Mechanism (ESM), which will help bolster the firewall against financial contagion, catalyze efforts to enhance IMF resources, and help secure global stability for the benefit of all."


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Go On a Wild Ride With Taron Egerton's Elton John in the First 'Rocketman' Trailer
Dexter Fletcher's upcoming Elton John biopic isn't exactly based on a true story, but as the first teaser trailer reveals, it's based on a true fantasy. That's especially fitting for the new footage from Rocketman, which introduces Taron Egerton as the music legend with a taste of the magical.
The teaser is brief, but we get to hear the Kingsman star singing the titular 1972 song – and yes, that's his voice. But this teaser is really all about the fashion, with Egerton donning the iconic popstar's big-framed, bedazzled sunglasses, a sparkly Dodgers uniform, an elaborate royal costume suited for a true queen, a jeweled orange jumpsuit with devilish horns, and two sets of silk robes that will make you re-think your entire wardrobe. The musical will jump through time to show the beginning of the musician's career, his rise to megastardom, and his struggle with addiction.
Here's the official synopsis:
Rocketman is an epic musical fantasy about the uncensored human story of Sir Elton John's breakthrough years, starring Taron Egerton, Jamie Bell, Richard Madden and Bryce Dallas Howard.
Based on this short tease I can't wait to see more footage, if just to get a look at the rest of the costumes. Rocketman hits theaters May 31, 2019.


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security metasploit
Fuzzing with Metasploit : Simple FTP fuzzer
Just wanted to drop a quick note about the release of another free script. This time I've written a simple FTP fuzzer (with a little help from HDMoore) in Metasploit. You can read more about it (and download the script) at http://www.corelan.be:8800/index.php/my-free-tools/security/metasploit/simple-ftp-fuzzer-metasploit-module/ This is why I like Metasploit so much… :-) Update : after running […]
Posted in 001_Security, Exploits, My Free Tools, Scripts | Tagged free, ftp fuzzer, fuzzer, fuzzer-metasploit, fuzzing, fuzzing-con-metasploit, fuzz_ftp.rb, good-ftp-fuzzer, hdmoore, metasploit, metasploit-fuzzer, metasploit-fuzzers, metasploit-fuzzing, metasploit-ike, ruby, script, security metasploit, server, simple ftp, simple-ftp-fuzzer
Corelan Training
We have been teaching our win32 exploit dev classes at various security cons and private companies & organizations since 2011
Check out our schedules page here and sign up for one of our classes now!
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Want to support the Corelan Team community ? Click here to go to our donations page.
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Toe-Up 2-at-a-Time Sock
Knitwear designer Melissa Morgan-Oakes revolutionized the world of sock-making with 2-at-a-Time Socks. Her ingenious approach showed delighted knitters how to simultaneously create two socks on a single circular needle. With that book, yarn enthusiasts said goodbye forever to second sock syndrome, the frustration of completing one beautiful hand-knit sock, only to remember that another must be made. Now, Morgan-Oakes turns the approach on its head or rather, its toe with Toe-Up 2-at-a-Time Socks.
Knitters adore toe-up socks for both novelty and practicality. Knitters can try on the sock as they work, they never run out of yarn before the foot is complete, and they avoid needing the dreaded kitchener stitch to finish off the toe. Many swear that toe-up socks just plain feel more comfortable, too.
Morgan-Oakes combines the pleasures of toe-up knitting with the convenience of her 2-at-a-time approach in 15 original designs for men, women, children, and babies. From the delicate and graceful ballerina sock to the kaleidoscopic, nubby peppercorn pattern, there is a style here for every pair of feet. For each pattern, Morgan-Oakes provides row-by-row instructions, charts for both large and small feet, and captivating, four-color photographs of the finished product. Readers aren't limited to these patterns, however. Once mastered, the technique can be applied to any sock pattern.


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Global Market
Perspective and
Global Capital Flows,
May 2020
JLL's latest Global Market Perspective and Global Capital Flows looks at market dynamics during the first quarter and the impact of COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic is having a huge impact on the way people live and work and uncertainty is now becoming part of the 'new normal'. The flow-through effects to the real estate market are undeniable and the full impact is yet to be reflected in quarterly performance data.
The retail and hospitality sectors were the most immediately hit with lockdowns and travel restrictions curtailing demand. Global office leasing activity was 23% down on Q1 2019, while demand for logistics space was also lower despite a spike in short-term requirements linked to the immediate impact of the pandemic. Businesses are now starting to prepare for market re-entry, and the safety and wellbeing of employees is a key focus.
Volatility and uncertainty are impacting real estate investment. REITs were among the first to experience declines, and direct investment in global commercial real estate decreased by 5% year-on-year in the first quarter. Capital flows varied by region, broadly tracking the evolution of the pandemic, and favoured defensive sectors. Despite ample liquidity on the sidelines, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will be realized in the short term and will result in a drop-off in capital flows into the sector. However, the overall trend has been for higher allocations to real estate, and we see no reason for this trend to reverse given the portfolio diversification benefits of the sector.
Key sector highlights:
Global Capital Flows: Volatility and uncertainty impact real estate investment
Corporate Occupiers: Operational resilience will be key for recovery
Offices: Global office demand slows amid uncertainty
Living: Defensive characteristics support resiliency
Logistics: Occupier demand on hold, but some sectors buck the trend
Please visit www.jll.com/gmp to explore the Global Market Perspective website.
Global Market Perspective is JLL's regular view on the impact of economic forces on property markets worldwide. It is a unique combination of updates from professionals on the ground and the insights of our leading research organization


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Upcoming Dates
Saturday 16 December 23, 7:00 PM
Saturday 16 December 23, 7:00 PM
The ABBA REUNION tribute Show is the creation of an Award Winning West End Director, Producer and Choreographer
Starring the original 'Frida' from the London West End cast!
ABBA REUNION gives Abba fans, old and new, the opportunity to once again get together and re-live the addictive Abba phenomena that swept the airwaves and discos during the 70's and 80's in a truly authentic, feel good, party style tribute concert. From Mamma Mia to Dancing Queen, all of the greatest hits are performed with unrivalled authenticity from both an audio and visual perspective with an amazing jaw dropping finale recreation taking you back to where it all began in 1974!
Superbly accurate vocals, harmonies, guitar, keyboards plus back line musicians combined with stunning iconic replica costumes ,choreography and set produce the most authentic and requested Abba tribute show in the world today.
This concert continues to entertain and enthral throughout the globe and leaves you with just one question...
The Live Rooms Station Road Chester CH1 3DR
Have an enquiry or want to list your business or event on Chester.com?


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You need to create an RFP for selecting a direct marketing agency regarding specific projects for your organization.
Direct Marketing Agency RFP Template
Resource Overview
Related Resources
Your Problem
You need to create a tool for selecting direct marketing agencies regarding specific projects for your organization. This format should provide potential vendors the opportunity to showcase their work. You are required to have a standardized agency RFP format, which can be used to identify the differences between the agencies offering their services.
Our Solution
We present a Direct Marketing Agency RFP Template, which provides your company a complete Request for Proposal (RFP) for selecting agencies. A Direct Marketing Agency RFP is a formal invitation to request vendor proposals that meet specific business requirements and purchasing criteria. This template allows your company to provide possible agency vendors crucial information about your company and the project you would like to carry out.
The Direct Marketing Agency RFP is completely customizable, and can include information regarding your company´s overview and project details (purpose, scope and schedule). Agencies interested in working on your project can include information about their company and their approach to your proposal. Details provided by potential vendors can include budget, a prioritization list, and a list of client references.
Key Benefits
- professionally formatted document
- helps organize the selection process
- save 2 hours on formatting
easy to edit and modify


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Adding SSL to a new or existing Rails application isn't really that difficult. If the website exists for a while and you want to move to https, then you must properly redirect (301) visitors to the new url. If it's a new website, then it's probably a good idea to use SSL from the start. (it's must if you collect any kind of sensitive data from the users)
Assumptions : It's a Rails 4 app, running with nginx, passenger and Ubuntu 14.04 Server. (preferably on VPS, or somehow you should be able to update nginx configs and so). For SSL certificate, I would recommend Comodo PositiveSSL Certificate from NameCheap @ $9 a year, unless you've a good reason to spend more on that.
SSL Setup
First, generate a key and then CSR for buying a SSL certificate. Enter the required info as required. Watch out for Common Name / FQDN field, it must match with the domain (in this case : example.com).
openssl genrsa -out example.com.key 2048
openssl req -new -key example.com.key -out example.com.csr
Then copy the content of above csr file to your clipboard (use xclip
, a command line utility) and paste that into SSL order form.
xclip -sel clip < path_to_your_csr_directory/example.com.csr
Next, you'll receive a confirmation email. After confirming that, they will email you the certificate. (usually within few hours)
Once you receive the ssl certificate (usually in *.zip format), extract the zip file (containing certificates) and concatenate them in right order to get a single certificate file.
cat www_example_com.crt COMODORSADomainValidationSecureServerCA.crt COMODORSAAddTrustCA.crt AddTrustExternalCARoot.crt > ssl-bundle.crt
Now, you need to upload these two files – ssl-bundle.crt and example.com.key (the private key, generated earlier) to the server. (use scp. e.g scp target_file user@server_ip:file_name
Preparing Rails for SSL
Enable SSL in production mode, by updating the config/environments/production.rb
config.force_ssl = true
And you also need to make sure all the external resources (e.g fonts, images, css, js etc) are loaded securely over https only.
Nginx setup
Login to VPS/Server and create/update your nginx config for ssl.
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com
A sample nginx config for Rails Application.
Now, enable that nginx config and reload the server.
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.com sudo service nginx reload
Update : It's an old article on setting up SSL for a rails application. Now you don't even need to buy any Comodo or similar certificates because you can use Lets Encrypt for generating SSL certificates and it's completely free. Here is an example config on github to help you out.


text:
From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Audie Cornish.
I'm Melissa Block. And we begin this hour with day two of the Chicago teachers' strike. Some 350,000 students are affected by the walkout in the nation's third-largest school district. We'll have a report on how the strike is playing out in the presidential race.
CORNISH: But, first, NPR's Sonari Glinton reports on how parents, churches and local charities are scrambling to figure out what to do with so many kids with nowhere to go.
SONARI GLINTON, BYLINE: Even when there's no school, there's still rules.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN 1: No fighting.
UNIDENTIFIED GROUP: No fighting.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN 1: No throwing the wood chips.
UNIDENTIFIED GROUP: No throwing the wood chips.
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN 1: No climbing up the slide.
UNIDENTIFIED GROUP: No climbing up the slide.
GLINTON: The Southside YMCA in Chicago's Woodlawn neighborhood is often a safe haven for kids after school, on weekends and during the summer, and now during the school day. Fran Bell is with the Y. She shows me around the Y and the programs they've had to put together at the last minute.
FRAN BELL: What we're providing is really, like, extended day camp: structured play, you know, arts and crafts, you know, physical education type of things that are fun. Okay, no problem. Just making sure - hey. Just making sure the kids have a - good morning, Edgar - a safe place to be and an enjoyable place to be, and so they're not stressed out and neither are their families.
GLINTON: Bell says normally during the day, the Y sees adults and seniors using their facilities, not kids. And the strike has sent them scrambling.
BELL: Normally, during the day, we would not be staffed for this many children because school would be in session. And so, we were able to garner volunteers and even our senior management staff that would normally be in our corporate office, all came out to assist during the morning so that...
GLINTON: So it's all hands on deck.
BELL: It is absolutely all hands on deck. Yes.
GLINTON: Nonprofits are not the only places that are staffed to handle kids. Chicago public schools budgeted $25 million for drop-in centers for students. Those centers were initially open only until 12:30. School officials announced today they're extending those hours to 2:30. That still leaves a gap for parents who work during the day.
JANISSE NORMAN: I'm absolutely frustrated and irritated by the whole situation.
GLINTON: Janisse Norman was dropping her son off at the YMCA. She blames the teachers and the union.
NORMAN: I've actually considered transferring him to Catholic school or to a - the schools that aren't mandated by the union. So - because this is unacceptable. I think it if they'll strike once, at the mercy of our children, they'll do it again.
GLINTON: Many parents are sympathetic to striking teachers. Kimberly Morris says she agrees with the teachers, but she says the strike has already been hard on her and her daughter.
KIMBERLY MORRIS: I mean, I have to work and I don't have any family members at home that could watch her, unfortunately. So, I mean, I had to find somewhere for her to go. And this was, you know, a safe place that should go, that she could, you know, stay engaged and participate in activities with other kids her age.
GLINTON: The YMCA and other nonprofits such as the Chicago Boys and Girls Clubs have shifted staff and opened facilities for parents and their kids. But just being open poses a logistical challenge. Many of those camp counselors and volunteers that staffed summer camp just a few weeks ago are now on to other things. Dick Malone is CEO of Chicago's YMCA. He says staff is the first problem. And...
RICHARD MALONE: Secondly, there's the issue of food. Children receive breakfast and lunch at the schools when they're in session. Well, we're going to need to provide food, as well. We're not equipped for that on a day-to-day basis.
GLINTON: Food banks and churches are stepping in to fill the void. Malone says he certainly wants the strike to end, but he and other leaders of nonprofits say it's given them a new opportunity to cooperate. Meanwhile, at the negotiating table, there doesn't appear to be a lot of movement. Here's Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel speaking to reporters this afternoon.
MAYOR RAHM EMANUEL: They are continuing to talk. They are working through the issues. But I do believe that it was totally avoidable, totally unnecessary. It was a strike of choice, and it's the wrong choice for our children.
GLINTON: Meanwhile, teachers have been rallying around the city. Kim Heiney says the reason she and co-workers are on the picket lines is because of the kids.
KIM HEINEY: We're saying we're doing it for you. We're doing it for better schools. It's frustrating when you hear Rahm say, let's think about the children. Like, you don't understand. We are thinking about the children. Don't put that spin on it. It's just - it's really frustrating.
GLINTON: And until the teachers and the mayor and the school board reach an agreement, Chicago charities say they'll try to make do. Sonari Glinton, NPR News, Chicago. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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The Straight (Jacketed) Story: Lylian
Last month I mentioned Lylian, a very strange-looking side-scrolling platformer about a girl in an asylum who imagines her way out. There's now a demo of it, so you can see what you make of the straight-jacketed oddity. Episode 1 is now released, and there's no doubt that it's packed with original ideas. Very, very strange ideas. The big concern does appear to be the combat, which is choppy and unsatisfying. But the environments are certainly intriguing enough to make it worth checking out.


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Two cows headed to a New Jersey slaughterhouse this week had other plans.
They busted out of a trailer in Montvale Tuesday and caused chaos in northern New Jersey for a while before they were captured. Now, they'll spend the rest of their days on a Bergen County farm.
Animal control officials tell The Star-Ledger that a Montvale resident had purchased the cows and they were to be taken to Paterson Wednesday to be slaughtered. But they escaped and created traffic nightmares in the area as police tried to corral them.
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The daring dash spared the bovines.
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text:
The artist draws his inspiration from the collection of eighteen species of butterflies and moths—some quite rare—gathered by an Eastern State Penitentiary prisoner living in solitary confinement.
The prisoner was visited in his cell by Dr. Henry Skinner in 1889. Dr. Skinner was a medical doctor and curator of the Entomology Section at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, and found that the inmate had used brief exercise periods in his narrow, high-walled exercise yard to collect his specimens.
Mr. Cowper returns to Eastern State's cellblocks 120 years later to expand on that prisoner's collection. He has collected and displays here more than 500 specimens, representing more than 150 species of insects and invertebrates, all captured on the penitentiary grounds. The collection will grow, change and evolve as the artist adds new specimens to his Cabinet of Curiosities throughout the life of the installation.
Meet the Artist
Greg Cowper is Curatorial Assistant in the Department of Entomology at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. Exhibit fabrication and the Cabinet of Curiosities constructed from Holmesburg Prison cell doors by Michael S. Beers.
Listen to the Audio Tour Stop
Eastern State receives State arts funding support through a grant from the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts, a state agency funded by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the National Endowment for the Arts, a federal agency. Arts programming is also made possible with funding from Eastern State's Halloween fundraiser, Halloween Nights.


text:
Just about the time we crossed into the no-entry zone surrounding the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, the dosimeter clipped to our car window introduced its soundtrack: Chirp-chirp. Chirp-chirp. Chirp-chirp.
The dosimeter was blue, about the size of a pager, and it updated its readings of the airborne radiation levels every 30 seconds. Any reading over 2.50 microsieverts (uSv) per hour triggered the chirp. It was 9:30 a.m. when we entered the no-go zone, flashing a permit to five policemen at a checkpoint, and for the next six hours, the chirping never stopped.
Continue reading at Fukushima Daiichi: My trip inside Japan's Dead Zone


text:
This article forms part of the series on the Divine Liturgy | |
Liturgy of the Preparation | |
Proskomedia Liturgical objects Vestments | |
Liturgy of the Word | |
Great Litany Antiphons Little Entrance Troparion Thrice-Holy Hymn Epistle Gospel Homily Litany of Fervent Supplication Litany for the Departed Litany of the Catechumens | |
Liturgy of the Eucharist | |
Cherubic Hymn Great Entrance Litany of the Completion Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed Anaphora Epiclesis Megalynarion Lord's Prayer Communion Dismissal Antidoron | |
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In Orthodox Tradition, the homily, or sermon, is an essential part of the Eucharistic Liturgy and takes part in the liturgy's general sacramental character.
Following the proclamation of the Word of God through the words of the Holy Gospel, a liturgical homily is preached. The homily is typically given by the ranking celebrant himself, but he may entrust it to a concelebrating priest or to a deacon, but never to a lay person. When a bishop is serving, the homily is said at the end of the service.
The homily normally proclaims, and explains, the significance of the readings received at the particular liturgy, or sometimes the Feast day, or Saint's Day it might be.
Some sermons have become part of the Holy Tradition of the Church such as the Paschal Homily of St. John Chrysostom read at the end of Matins at Pascha.
Links to homilies
- Saint Andrew, Archbishop of Crete
- Saint Gregory Palamas, Archbishop of Thessalonica
- Saint Proklos, Patriarch of Constantinople
- Saint John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople
- OrthodoxSermons.org (Coptic/Oriental Orthodox)
- Preachers Institute - Source for homilies by saints, fathers, and elders, as well as homiletic helps for clergy and teachers


text: This is an updated edition with a new four-color cover and updated text in various places in the book that mention correlated material. The music and songs are the same. The time-honored First Division Band Method retains the same pedagogically-sound sequence of learning that has taught over 12,000,000 students the fundamentals of learning to play a band instrument.