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Elo Legal
Elo Touch Solutions Privacy Policy
Scope of Privacy Policy
At Elo Touch Solutions, Inc. (including our worldwide direct and indirect subsidiaries, Elo Touch Solutions International Inc.; Elo Touch Systems Argentina S.A.; Elo Touch Solutions (Canada) Company; Elo Touch Solutions (Belgium) NV and its branch in France; Elo Touch Solutions (HK) Limited; Elo Touch Solutions (Mexico), S.de R.L. de C.V.; Elo Touch Solutions Servicos e Participacoes Ltda.; Elo Touch Solutions (Shanghai) Limited; Elo Touch Solutions (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. and its branch in Korea; Elo Touch Solutions (Suzhou) Limited; Elo Touch Solutions (Taiwan) Limited; Elo Touch Solutions (UK) Limited and its branches in Sweden, Spain, Germany, and The Netherlands; Sensitive Object, SA; and Touch Panel Systems K.K.) (collectively, "Elo," "we," or "us"), we recognize and respect your privacy. This Privacy Policy (as amended from time to time, this "Privacy Policy") applies to Elo's domain name www.elotouch.com and its other affiliated sites including www.eloview.com (collectively, the "Site"). It applies to our collection and use of the personal information of our customers, suppliers, and visitors to the Site (collectively, "you"). As used in this Privacy Policy, "personal information" means data that may be used to identify an individual, such as name, email address, or other contact information. "Personal information" does not include aggregate, anonymized information.
Elo is a global business headquartered in the United States ("US"). Our management structure and business processes cross borders. Some of our information technology systems and databases are shared among our U.S., European, and other international offices. This means that your personal information may be transferred across borders. If you are located in the European Economic Area ("EEA") or Switzerland, our collection and use of your personal information is governed by the EU-U.S. and Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework, as described below (the "Framework"). Elo strives to comply with all laws and regulations governing the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information applicable between us and you, including the Framework for those in the EEA or Switzerland (these laws, collectively, "Privacy Laws").
Information Collected and Purposes of Collection
We collect and use personal and corporate information in the specific ways listed below:
EloView User Accounts.
If you are a user of the EloView service (or another one of our services utilizing software hosted on our servers) and have received log-in instructions from our customer support or sales teams for use of the password-protected portion of the Site, you may use those instructions to log in. Upon log-in, you may be asked to register, and following the prompts, supply your name, company name, company address, company website, email address, and phone number ("Contact Information"), as well as your preferred password for access to the Site. This Contact Information is used to carry out actions you request through the Site, such as requests for support, tracking transactions that are performed through the Site, to communicate with you about these actions, and to bill you and collect payment for our services. Your personal information will be shared with any other users designated as administrators for your corporate account, where applicable. Where permitted by Privacy Laws, we may also use your email address to send you promotional messages, surveys, product updates, and other communications, unless you opt out of such emails. See below under "Use of Email and Your Choices" below to understand how you may control use of your Contact Information.
Payment Information.
Certain Elo products and services including EloView (such as trial or paid subscriptions designed to enable your business to accept payments or that allow you to use our Site to make purchases) require you to provide certain information (e.g., credit card information and billing, shipping, and e-mail addresses) solely to initiate payment processing. We do not retain or store your credit card information. All payment processing is done by a designated third-party payment processor. The information you provide to us to process payments will be shared with our payment processor as necessary to carry out the transaction. Any sharing of your personal information with such processors will be made in accordance with Privacy Laws such that the processor will use your information solely to process your payment with us, on a confidential basis, and will not retain your personal information after conclusion of the transaction.
IP Address.
In connection with registration on the Site, we collect other information, such as your IP address, which may be considered personal information in some jurisdictions. This information is used for purposes of validation, verification of a user account, tracking of transactions that you perform through the Site, security, and other purposes. Please see below under "Cookies" for further descriptions of information collected automatically through our Site.
Information Requests and Feedback.
The Site contains various user interfaces to allow visitors to the Site to request more information about our products and services, to use the functionalities of the Site, or to provide us feedback about them. Contact Information is requested in each case, along with information about your computer environment and/or industry, and details of your request or reported feedback. This information is used in order to allow us to respond to your requests, to assure that our software and services work correctly with your computer environment, to better understand our users' needs or your specific issue, to communicate with you about your requests and feedback, and to execute on the actions that you request via the various functions on the Site. Where permitted by Privacy Laws, we may also use your email address to send you promotional messages, surveys, product updates, and other communications, unless you opt out of such emails.
We receive referrals of new customers and business partners from other customers, business partners, or distributors of our products. These referrals usually consist only of business contact information such as company name, and contact person name and email. We use this information to contact the referred company directly for interest in our products and services.
Applicants for Positions.
The Site contains a user interface under which you may scan the Site for open employment positions within Elo and apply for the position directly via the Site. In such case, we collect your name, address, email address, phone number(s), preferred time and method of communication, as well as your resume. We use this information in order to evaluate your application and communicate with you about the position. In processing your job application, we may send information about you to credit reference agencies and fraud prevention agencies and use information from those agencies. We may also share information about you with your former employers and may use information from them.
Click-thru URLs in Email Communications.
Submission of your email address on the Site may result in your being added to our mailing list for purposes of product updates, promotional and marketing messages, and other communications, until such time as you opt out. In some of our email messages, we use a "click-through URL" linked to certain websites administered by or on behalf of Elo. Elo may track click-through data to assist in determining interest in particular topics and measure the effectiveness of these communications. If you prefer not to be tracked in this way, you should not click on text or graphic links in the email messages. See below under "Use of Your Email and Your Choices" to understand how you may control use of your Contact Information.
Use of EloView Products.
If you use our EloView service to deliver and display your own content via our hosted environment and you enable the optional analytics function, we collect device usage-related data to analyze the effectiveness and performance of your Elo device(s). The data collected includes number of touches on the device per minute and the number of faces coming into view of the device. Once images are processed to extract the number of faces, the images are deleted. The anonymous analytics data is shared with Google for its Google Analytics service (see below), as well as other similar services, and is used by us generally to improve our products and services.
Web Logs.
We may collect information about how you use the Site such as general demographic information, viewership data, and other anonymous information (e.g., what content is viewed, related transfer rates, length of viewing, which pages are viewed, from which websites end-users came to our Site, IP address(es), browser type and other information relating to the device through which the Site is accessed, for certain service or product offerings selected by you, or other information relating to the device through which the Site or services are accessed.
Third-Party Vendors.
We may collect certain information provided by third parties such as information for identity verification purposes, credit checks, financial or credit bureau information (such as a business owner's credit score, credit history, and bank account information) and publicly available information. We use this information in order to determine whether to extend credit in connection with sale of products and services, and to collect amounts owed to us.
General Uses.
In addition to the specific uses of your personal information described above, we may also make use of your personal information for the following purposes:
- Conduct our business with our worldwide affiliates and subsidiaries, consultants, and service providers;
- Improve the Site and our products and services;
- Deliver and support our services and products;
- Carry out transactions you have requested;
- Perform auditing, data analysis, and research;
- Enforce our Terms of Sale and Terms of Use as found on our Site, our Privacy Policy, and other agreements with you;
- Prevent illegal activity, protect or enforce our rights, property, or customers, and contact appropriate authorities in accordance with Privacy Laws; and
- Comply with applicable law (including Privacy Laws), and with subpoenas or other mandatory legal process.
Please note, we will keep your personal information for as long as necessary for us to provide you services. We will also keep your information as necessary for backup, archiving, audit, preventing fraud, resolving disputes, and troubleshooting problems.
Cookies and Location-Based Services
Elo and certain third-party service providers use cookies, web beacons (clear GIFs, web bugs), and similar technologies to track user activity and collect Site data. We do not combine this data with other collected information including your personal information. Below we describe the technologies used on the Site and in the EloView product, as well as your choices in terms of their use.
"Cookies" are small text files that are stored by your web browser on your computer's hard drive. They allow websites to store such things as user preferences. Websites generally use both session cookies and persistent cookies. Session cookies are temporary cookies that expire (and are automatically erased) when you close your browser. Persistent cookies usually have an expiration date far into the future and thus stay in your browser until they expire, or until you manually delete them. While some cookies are strictly necessary to use our website or required for the performance of certain functionalities of our website, other cookies are used for marketing purposes.
We may use cookies to uniquely identify devices and browsers and to track end-user activity on the Site. Our cookies assign a random, unique number to the end-user device. Cookies do not contain information that would personally identify the end-user although we can associate a cookie with any identifying information that is or has been provided to us while visiting our Site. Most browsers allow users to refuse cookies but doing so may impede the functionality of some portions of our Site. Cookies also enable Elo to improve the quality of the Site and services, improve searching functions and results and track trends. Certain web browsers allow end-users to enable "Do Not Track" functionality or to specifically disable cookies through the settings of the browser. Currently, various browsers including Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Safari offer a "do not track" or "DNT" option that relies on a technology known as a DNT header, which sends a signal to websites visited by the user about the user's browser DNT preference setting. You may enable or disable those capabilities through the browser of your choice. Elo currently adopts the browsers' DNT signals with respect to the Site. This may result in users having to re-enter data to use a service. Please see your browser settings for cookie preferences and settings.
The cookies used on our site are categorized as follows:
Strictly necessary cookies - let you move around the Site and use essential features like secure areas and shopping baskets. Without these cookies, we may not be able to provide services you have requested. Please note that these cookies do not gather any information about you that could be used for marketing or tracking where you have been on the internet. We use these strictly necessary cookies to enable you to submit information via online forms such as registration forms. Accepting these cookies is a condition of using the full functionality of the Site, so if you prevent these cookies we can't guarantee your use of our Site, or how the security on our Site will perform during your visit.
Performance cookies - collect information about how you use our Site, e.g. which pages you visit and if you experience any errors. These cookies used to help us improve how our Site works, understand what interests our users, and measure how effective our content is. We use performance cookies to provide anonymous statistics on how our Site is used. Some of our performance cookies are managed for us by third parties. We do not allow the third party to use the cookies for any purpose other than those listed above. Accepting these cookies is a condition of using the full functionality of our Site, so if you prevent them we cannot guarantee how our Site will perform for you. Please see the information on our use of Google Analytics.
Functionality cookies - are used to provide services or to remember settings to improve your visit. These cookies are only placed on your hard drive if the related functionality is used.
Server Logs.
Elo servers automatically record information that your browser sends whenever you visit the Site. The server logs may include information such as your web request, IP address, browser type, and language, dates, times, and cookies.
Third Parties.
We may engage third parties to track and analyze Site activity. These third parties may place cookies or web beacons to track user activity on our Site. We use the data collected by such third parties to help us administer and improve the quality of the Site, analyze usage of the Site, and provide a more enhanced user experience on the Site, such as personalizing and delivering relevant offers and content based on user activity on the Site.
Location-Based Services.
Elo and its partners may provide certain features as part of the Service that rely upon device-based location information in order to pre-fill certain fields or supply localized information. To provide such features, Elo may collect, use, transmit, process, and maintain your location data, including the real-time geographic location of your device, and you hereby consent to Elo's collection, use, transmission, processing, and maintenance of such location data to provide such services. Such information may include device ID, device type, and real-time geographic location of your device at the time of your request. You hereby acknowledge that Elo may associate certain personal identifiable information with the location of your device. In addition, we may store your "last known location" on your device, and we collect, maintain, or track your location history. If your location data is transmitted to a partner in order to provide a feature or service, it is passed anonymously and not shared in such a way as to be personally identifiable. Currently, various browsers - including Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Safari - offer a "do not track" or "DNT" option that relies on a technology known as a DNT header, which sends a signal to Web sites' visited by the user about the user's browser DNT preference setting. You may enable or disable those capabilities through the browser of your choice. Elo currently adopts the browsers' DNT signals with respect to the Site.
Google Analytics.
Our Site and EloView service use Google Analytics, a web analysis service provided by Google Inc. ("Google"). Google Analytics uses cookies, described above. The information generated by the cookie regarding your use of the Site is normally transferred to a Google server in the USA and is stored there. As the IP anonymize function is activated on our Site, your IP address will first be shortened by Google within Member States of the European Union or other contracting states of the Agreement on the EEA. Only in exceptional cases will Google transfer the full IP address to a Google server in the USA and will shorten it there. On behalf of Elo, Google will use this information to analyze your usage of our Site, to compile reports on website activities, and to provide further services to the website provider relating to the usage of the Site and the internet. The IP address transferred by your browser within the framework of Google Analytics will not be combined by Google with other data. In case you prevent the storage of cookies by setting your browser software accordingly, you may not be able to fully use all features on this Site. Furthermore, you can prevent collection by Google of the data generated by the cookie and relating to your use of the Site (including your IP address), as well as processing of these data by Google, by downloading and installing the browser plug-in provided under the following link: https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout?hl=en.
Social Plug-ins:
To the extent certain third-party website features are available on our Site, the following terms apply:
Facebook. We use Facebook Like / Share button social plug-ins provided by Facebook Inc., to enable our website users to easily "Like" / "Share" content found on our Site, and thereby share this content with their Facebook "Friends." Whenever you view a page of our Site containing such plug-in, your browser establishes a direct connection to the servers operated by Facebook. As a result, the content of the social plug-in is transferred by Facebook directly to your browser and embedded in the website being shown. If you visit our Site while signed into your Facebook user account, information concerning your visit to our Site will be transferred to Facebook and Facebook can assign your visit to our Site to your user account. Please note that a data transfer is triggered already when you visit our Site, irrespective of whether you interact with the plug-in. Information arising from interaction with the Facebook plug-ins (such as by clicking the Facebook "Like" / "Share" buttons or by leaving a comment) will be directly transferred to and stored by Facebook. To prevent this, you must log out of your Facebook account before visiting our Site. Please refer to Facebook's privacy policy at https://www.facebook.com for more information on the purpose and scope of data collection and data analysis undertaken by Facebook as well as your options to modify settings and how to protect your privacy.
Twitter. We use a Twitter plug-in provided by Twitter, Inc., to enable users to easily share content found on our Site by sending a Tweet via their Twitter Account. By using this plug-in, the webpages you viewed will be connected with your Twitter account and disclosed to other users. This includes the sharing of certain information with Twitter. Please see Twitter's privacy policy at https://www.twitter.com for more on the type of information tracked by Twitter via this feature.
YouTube (Videos). We use YouTube plug-ins provided by YouTube (Google, Inc.) to enable you to share content of our Site. Whenever you view a page of our Site containing such plug-in, your browser establishes a direct connection to the servers operated by YouTube and the plug-in is displayed on our website. As a result, YouTube will receive information about which of our Sites you have visited. If you visit our Site while signed into your YouTube user account, then YouTube can assign information concerning your visit to our Site to your user account. Information arising from interaction with the YouTube plug-ins (such as clicking or starting videos or posting a comment) will also be assigned by YouTube to your YouTube user account. To prevent this, you must log out of your YouTube account before visiting our Site. Please refer to the privacy policy of YouTube at https://www.youtube.com for more information on the purpose and scope of data collection and data analysis undertaken by YouTube as well as your options to modify settings and how to protect your privacy.
LinkedIn. We use LinkedIn plug-ins (provided by LinkedIn Corporation) to enable you to share content of our Site. Whenever you view a page of our Site containing such plug-in, your browser establishes a direct connection to the servers operated by LinkedIn and the plug-in is displayed on our website. As a result, LinkedIn will receive information about which of our Sites you have visited. If you visit our Site while signed into your LinkedIn user account, then LinkedIn can assign information concerning your visit to our Site to your user account. Information arising from interaction with the LinkedIn plug-ins (such as by clicking the LinkedIn button) will also be assigned by LinkedIn to your LinkedIn user account. To prevent this, you must log out of your LinkedIn account before visiting our Site. Please refer to the privacy policy of LinkedIn at https://www.linkedin.com for more information on the purpose and scope of data collection and data analysis undertaken by LinkedIn as well as your options to modify settings and how to protect your privacy.
Use of Emails and Your Choices
Where permitted by Privacy Laws, we may use your email address to communicate with you about:
- Your use of the Site, our products and services, and your account;
- Orders you have placed, and to send you receipts and possibly other transactional emails;
- Inquiries or requests that you have made;
- Other notices necessary and specific to you as a subscriber to one of our services and or a product offering, and
- Where permitted by Privacy Laws, we may send you emails to inform you about our products and services, news, promotional activities, and other opportunities that we believe may be of interest to you. If, at any time, you would like to stop receiving these types of promotional e-mails, you may follow the opt-out instructions contained in any such e-mail or contact us as described under "Contact Elo with any Questions" below. Please note, changes may not be effective immediately but will be made as provided under applicable law.
If at any time you wish to discontinue receiving promotional and other non-transactional emails from us, you may either follow the opt-out instructions in the message or contact us as described below under "Contact Elo with any Questions." If you have an account on the Site, you may update your Contact Information with an alternative email address at any time.
Sharing and Disclosure of Information
Unless you have provided us with your consent, Elo does not share, sell, transfer, or otherwise disseminate your personal information to third parties, unless required by law, for the purpose of carrying out your transactions with us; provided that:
- We may share your personal information with our subsidiaries, affiliates, and other related companies for purposes that are consistent with this Privacy Policy;
- Consistent with Privacy Laws, in the event of a corporate transaction such as a sale, merger or reorganization, or of a bankruptcy or similar restructuring involving all or a portion of Elo, we reserve the right to disclose or transfer your personal and corporate information to the non-affiliated third-party acquiring company(ies) and other third parties. In the event of such a sale or transfer, we will use reasonable efforts to direct the transferee(s) to use personal and corporate information you have provided through the Site in a manner that is consistent with this Privacy Policy; and
- In addition, Elo may disclose personal information to third-party vendors and service providers that work with Elo. We will only share personal information to these vendors and service providers to help us carry out the operations described in this Privacy Policy. Examples of third parties we work with are shippers, servicers, information processors, financial institutions, consultants, or business partners. These third parties only have access to personal information that is necessary for them to complete their service, are required to maintain the confidentiality of information they receive from us, and are restricted from using the information for any purposes other than those authorized by us.
We take reasonable physical, technical, and administrative measures designed to protect the security of information that you provide to us. Despite our efforts, no data security measures can guarantee the security of any information you disclose online. We do not make any warranty, express, implied or otherwise, that we will be able to prevent loss, misuse, unauthorized access to, or alteration of personally identifiable information you provide to us.
Third-Party Advertising
We may use third-party advertising companies to serve ads when you visit the Site. These third-party advertising companies may also separately place or recognize a cookie on your browser in the course of delivering advertisements on the Site. Using cookies or other technology, these advertising providers may use information about your computer or device, combined with personally identifiable information collected from their advertiser or customer, about your visits to the Site and other websites in order to provide targeted advertisements of interest to you. You may visit the website, linked here, of the Network Advertising Initiative, an alliance of digital advertisers, to learn more about practices with respect to personal data within this industry, and to opt-out from such practices where possible.
Third-Party Links
At times, our Site may contain links to other, third-party websites (such as links to events we are participating in). Any access to and use of such linked websites is not governed by this Privacy Policy, but instead is governed by the privacy policies of those third-party websites. Elo is not responsible for the privacy policies and/or practices of third parties. When linking to another website or using a third-party service, you should read the privacy policy on that website or service.
Elo does not knowingly permit children under the age of 18 to register on the Site or use any of its functionality for which registration is required. Elo does not knowingly collect the personal information of children under age 18. If you are under 18 years of age, you may not use the Site and you should not provide any information to Elo. If Elo determines that a minor under the age of 18 is using the Site or has provided information to Elo, then Elo will terminate the account, the minor's use of the account and delete all related information. In addition, if you are a minor under the age of 18 and wish to remove any content you have provided on the site, then please send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com with a copy to email@example.com requesting removal of any content provided.
Disclosures to and Rights of Users in EEA
Legal Basis for Processing
If you are a user from the EEA, our legal basis for collecting and using the personal information described above will depend on the personal information concerned and the specific context in which we collect it. However, we will normally collect personal information from you only where we have your consent to do so, where we need the personal information to perform a contract with you, or where the processing is in our legitimate interests and not overridden by your data protection interests or fundamental rights and freedoms. If we ask you to provide personal information to comply with a legal requirement or to perform a contact with you, we will make this clear at the relevant time and advise you whether the provision of your personal information is mandatory or not (as well as of the possible consequences if you do not provide your personal information). If you have questions about or need further information concerning the legal basis on which we collect and use your personal information, please contact us using the contact details provided under the "Contact Elo" heading below.
Your Data Protection Rights
Users in the EEA have the following data protection rights, all of which you may exercise as stated below or by contacting us using the contact details provided under the "Contact Elo" heading below:
- You may access, correct, update, or request deletion of your personal information.
- You can object to processing of your personal information, ask us to restrict processing of your personal information, or request portability of your personal information.
- You have the right to opt-out of marketing communications we send you at any time. You can exercise this right by clicking on the "unsubscribe" or "opt-out" link in the marketing e-mails we send you. To opt-out of other forms of marketing (such as postal marketing or telemarketing), then please contact us using the contact details provided under the "Contact Elo" heading below.
- Similarly, if we have collected and process your personal information with your consent, then you can withdraw your consent at any time. Withdrawing your consent will not affect the lawfulness of any processing we conducted prior to your withdrawal, nor will it affect processing of your personal information conducted in reliance on lawful processing grounds other than consent.
- You have the right to complain to a data protection authority about our collection and use of your personal information. For more information, please contact your local data protection authority. Our primary data protection authority is the Belgian Commission for the Protection of Privacy, whose contact information is here.
We respond to all requests we receive from individuals wishing to exercise their data protection rights in accordance with applicable data protection laws.
EU-US and Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework
Elo complies with the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework and the Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield Framework as set forth by the U.S. Department of Commerce regarding the collection, use, and retention of personal information transferred from the EEA and Switzerland to the US, respectively. Elo has certified to the Department of Commerce that it adheres to the Privacy Shield Principles. If there is any conflict between the terms in this Privacy Policy and the Privacy Shield Principles, the Privacy Shield Principles shall govern. To learn more about the Privacy Shield Framework and to view Elo's certification, please visit https://www.privacyshield.gov/welcome.
For the purpose of the "Notice," "Choice," "Data Integrity/Purpose Limitation" and "Security" Privacy Principles under the Framework, this Privacy Policy details the types of personal data we collect, the purposes of collection and use, the security measures we apply, and the choices all visitors to our Site and users of our products and services have.
For purposes of the "Recourse" Privacy Principle, if you have a concern or complaint regarding our processing of your personal information in compliance with the Framework, please contact us via the methods described below in the "Contact Elo" portion of this Privacy Policy. Elo will respond to your concern of compliance with the Framework within 45 days of receipt. For any complaints that cannot be resolved satisfactorily with Elo directly, you may contact the Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Service (JAMS), which is the independent third-party dispute resolution body chosen by Elo. You may contact JAMS at the following website: https://www.jamsadr.com/eu-us-privacy-shield. JAMS has committed to respond to complaints and to provide appropriate recourse at no cost to you. If neither Elo nor JAMS resolves your complaint, a binding arbitration option is available to you to resolve residual complaints that have not been resolved by the other means offered by the Framework. This arbitration is managed by the Privacy Shield Panel and is described further on the Privacy Shield Annex I website found at https://www.privacyshield.gov/article?id=ANNEX-I-introduction. In addition, Elo's commitments under the Framework are subject to the investigatory and enforcement powers of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission.
For purposes of the "Accountability" Privacy Principle, Elo remains accountable for personal information that is transferred to it under the Framework and any subsequent transfers to a third party by Elo as described in the Privacy Shield Principles. Elo remains responsible and liable under the Privacy Shield Principles if third-party agents that it engages to process the personal information on its behalf do so in a manner inconsistent with the Principles, unless Elo proves that it is not responsible for the event giving rise to the damage.
Elo may be compelled to disclose personal information in response to lawful requests by public authorities, including for purposes of national security or law enforcement.
For purposes of the "Access" and "Choice" Privacy Principles, if you are located in the EEA and Switzerland, you have the right to object to, or restrict, our collection, use, sharing, transfer, and/or storage of your personal information. You may also request a copy of the information that we have about you. You may also ask us to correct or remove information you think is incorrect. You may do this either by directly changing your account information through logging into the Site, or by contacting us directly at email@example.com, or otherwise as set forth below under "Contact Elo." Our fulfillment of any such request may be subject to the limitations, including fees for access, permitted by the Framework.
Users Outside the US, EEA and Switzerland
The Site is hosted in the US. If you are outside the US, EEA, or Switzerland, by providing your information to the Site or otherwise to us, you do so at your own risk and are consenting to and authorizing the transfer of your information to the US or other countries for storage, use, processing, maintenance, and/or onward transfer of such information to other entities, regardless of their location, in accordance with this Privacy Policy. We may store your information in the US and in other locations outside of the US. We may also share customer information within our family of companies for a variety of purposes, for example to provide you with the latest information about our products and services and offer you our latest promotions. To facilitate our global operations, we may transfer personal data from your home country to other Elo locations across the world.
California Privacy Rights
California law allows residents of the State of California to request certain information Elo discloses to third parties for direct marketing purposes. If you are a resident of California and would like to request such information send a request to: firstname.lastname@example.com with a copy to firstname.lastname@example.com or via standard mail to our address set forth below.
Changes to this Policy
We may make changes to this Privacy Policy from time to time. Updates to this Privacy Policy will be posted on the Site. You should check the Site periodically to review our current Privacy Policy, which is effective as of the revision date listed below.
Contact Elo
If you have any questions or concerns about this Privacy Policy or company data, please contact:
Elo Touch Solutions, Inc.
670 N McCarthy Boulevard
Milpitas, California 95035
Attn: Elo Data Protection Officer
With a copy General Counsel at the same address, or by email at:
firstname.lastname@example.com, with a copy to:
All complaints will be evaluated, and replies sent as soon as appropriate and in accordance with Privacy Laws. In some instances, Elo may have to cease services to you if necessary to satisfy your request.
Effective Date: May 25, 2018


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
LSU Tigers – 3×5′
LSU Tigers 3×5′
Officially licensed 3′ x 5′ flag with attached D-rings. The imprint is 100% show through to the backside with a long lasting color-fast die. Fly on a flagpole or hang it on a wall. Flags come poly-bagged with header and graphic displayed. Made in USA.


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'Dolcezza 6156'
courtesy of 'yospyn'
Huzzah! DC's very own Dolcezza will be on ABC's "The View" today at 11am and we'll get to see owners Robb and Violeta Duncan chumming it up with Whoopi, Sherri, Joy, Elizabeth and Babs. I can only assume they'll be talking about: 1) Gelato–in particular their seasonal summer flavors (Peach, Pineapple Cilantro, Mojito…) and 2) Dolcezza's focus on locally produce ingredients and their collaboration with local area farmers.
If you're not familiar with Dolcezza, you can read about how They Make DC or visit them at their three area shops in Georgetown, Dupont Circle and Bethesda.


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Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport.[1] Persons engaged in cycling are referred to as "cyclists",[2] "bikers",[3] or less commonly, as "bicyclists".[4] Apart from two-wheeled bicycles, "cycling" also includes the riding of unicycles, tricycles, quadracycles, recumbent and similar human-powered vehicles (HPVs).
Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century and now number approximately one billion worldwide.[5] They are the principal means of transportation in many parts of the world.
Cycling is widely regarded as a very effective and efficient mode of transportation[6][7] optimal for short to moderate distances.
Bicycles provide numerous benefits in comparison with motor vehicles, including the sustained physical exercise involved in cycling, easier parking, increased maneuverability, and access to roads, bike paths and rural trails. Cycling also offers a reduced consumption of fossil fuels, less air or noise pollution, and much reduced traffic congestion. These lead to less financial cost to the user as well as to society at large (negligible damage to roads, less road area required).[8] By fitting bicycle racks on the front of buses, transit agencies can significantly increase the areas they can serve.[9]
Among the disadvantages of cycling are the requirement of bicycles (excepting tricycles or quadracycles) to be balanced by the rider in order to remain upright, the reduced protection in crashes in comparison to motor vehicles,[10] longer travel time (except in densely populated areas), vulnerability to weather conditions, difficulty in transporting passengers, and the fact that a basic level of fitness is required for cycling moderate to long distances.
In many countries, the most commonly used vehicle for road transport is a utility bicycle. These have frames with relaxed geometry, protecting the rider from shocks of the road and easing steering at low speeds. Utility bicycles tend to be equipped with accessories such as mudguards, pannier racks and lights, which extends their usefulness on a daily basis. As the bicycle is so effective as a means of transportation various companies have developed methods of carrying anything from the weekly shop to children on bicycles. Certain countries rely heavily on bicycles and their culture has developed around the bicycle as a primary form of transport. In Europe, Denmark and the Netherlands have the most bicycles per capita and most often use bicycles for everyday transport.[11][12]
Road bikes tend to have a more upright shape and a shorter wheelbase, which make the bike more mobile but harder to ride slowly. The design, coupled with low or dropped handlebars, requires the rider to bend forward more, making use of stronger muscles (particularly the gluteus maximus) and reducing air resistance at high speed.
The price of a new bicycle can range from US$50 to more than US$20,000 (the highest priced bike in the world is the custom Madone by Damien Hirst, sold at $500,000 USD[13]),[14] depending on quality, type and weight (the most exotic road bicycles can weigh as little as 3.2 kg (7 lb)[15]). However, UCI regulations stipulate a legal race bike cannot weigh less than 6.8 kg (14.99 lbs). Being measured for a bike and taking it for a test ride are recommended before buying.
The drivetrain components of the bike should also be considered. A middle grade dérailleur is sufficient for a beginner, although many utility bikes are equipped with hub gears. If the rider plans a significant amount of hillclimbing a triple-chainrings crankset gear system may be preferred. Otherwise, the relatively lighter and less expensive double chainring may be better. Much simpler fixed wheel bikes are also available.
Many road bikes, along with mountain bikes, include clipless pedals to which special shoes attach, via a cleat, enabling the rider to pull on the pedals as well as push. Other possible accessories for the bicycle include front and rear lights, bells or horns, child carrying seats, cycling computers with GPS, locks, bar tape, fenders (mud-guards), baggage racks, baggage carriers and pannier bags, water bottles and bottle cages.
For basic maintenance and repairs cyclists can carry a pump (or a CO2 cartridge), a puncture repair kit, a spare inner tube, and tire levers and a set of allen keys. Cycling can be more efficient and comfortable with special shoes, gloves, and shorts. In wet weather, riding can be more tolerable with waterproof clothes, such as cape, jacket, trousers (pants) and overshoes and high-visibility clothing is advisable to reduce the risk from motor vehicle users.
Items legally required in some jurisdictions, or voluntarily adopted for safety reasons, include bicycle helmets, generator or battery operated lights, reflectors, and audible signalling devices such as a bell or horn. Extras include studded tires and a bicycle computer.
Bikes can also be heavily customized, with different seat designs and handle bars, for example.
Many schools and police departments run educational programs to instruct children in bicycle handling skills and introduce them to the rules of the road as they apply to cyclists. In different countries these may be known as bicycle rodeos or operated as schemes such as Bikeability. Education for adult cyclists is available from organizations such as the League of American Bicyclists.
Beyond simply riding, another skill is riding efficiently and safely in traffic. One popular approach to riding in motor vehicle traffic is vehicular cycling, occupying road space as car does. Alternately, in countries such as Denmark and the Netherlands, where cycling is popular, cyclists are sometimes segregated into bike lanes at the side of, or separate from, main highways and roads. Many primary schools participate in the national road test in which children individually complete a circuit on roads near the school while being observed by testers.
Cyclists, pedestrians and motorists make different demands on road design which may lead to conflicts. Some jurisdictions give priority to motorized traffic, for example setting up one-way street systems, free-right turns, high capacity roundabouts, and slip roads. Others share priority with cyclists so as to encourage more cycling by applying varying combinations of traffic calming measures to limit the impact of motorized transport, and by building bike lanes, bike paths and cycle tracks.
In jurisdictions where motor vehicles were given priority, cycling has tended to decline while in jurisdictions where cycling infrastructure was built, cycling rates have remained steady or increased. Occasionally, extreme measures against cycling may occur. In Shanghai, where bicycles were once the dominant mode of transport, bicycle travel on a few city roads was banned temporarily in December 2003.[16]
In areas in which cycling is popular and encouraged, cycle-parking facilities using bicycle stands, lockable mini-garages, and patrolled cycle parks are used in order to reduce theft. Local governments promote cycling by permitting bicycles to be carried on public transport or by providing external attachment devices on public transport vehicles. Conversely, an absence of secure cycle-parking is a recurring complaint by cyclists from cities with low modal share of cycling.
Extensive cycling infrastructure may be found in some cities. Such dedicated paths in some cities often have to be shared with in-line skaters, scooters, skateboarders, and pedestrians. Dedicated cycling infrastructure is treated differently in the law of every jurisdiction, including the question of liability of users in a collision. There is also some debate about the safety of the various types of separated facilities.
Bicycles are considered a sustainable mode of transport, especially suited for urban use and relatively shorter distances when used for transport (compared to recreation). Case studies and good practices (from European cities and some worldwide examples) that promote and stimulate this kind of functional cycling in cities can be found at Eltis, Europe's portal for local transport.
A number of cities, including Paris, London and Barcelona, now have successful bike hire schemes designed to help people cycle in the city. Typically these feature utilitarian city bikes which lock into docking stations, released on payment for set time periods. Costs vary from city to city. In London, initial hire access costs £2 per day. The first 30 minutes of each trip is free, with £2 for each additional 30 minutes until the bicycle is returned.[17]
Utility cycling refers both to cycling as a mode of daily commuting transport as well as the use of a bicycle in a commercial activity, mainly to transport goods, mostly accomplished in an urban environment.
The postal services of many countries have long relied on bicycles. The British Royal Mail first started using bicycles in 1880; now bicycle delivery fleets include 37,000 in the UK, 25,700 in Germany, 10,500 in Hungary and 7000 in Sweden. In Australia, Australia Post has also reintroduced bicycle postal deliveries on some routes due to an inability to recruit sufficient licensed riders willing to use their uncomfortable motorbikes. The London Ambulance Service has recently introduced bicycling paramedics, who can often get to the scene of an incident in Central London more quickly than a motorized ambulance.[18]
The use of bicycles by police has been increasing, since they provide greater accessibility to bicycle and pedestrian zones and allow access when roads are congested.[19]
Bicycles enjoy substantial use as general delivery vehicles in many countries. In the UK and North America, as their first jobs, generations of teenagers have worked at delivering newspapers by bicycle. London has many delivery companies that use bicycles with trailers. Most cities in the West, and many outside it, support a sizeable and visible industry of cycle couriers who deliver documents and small packages. In India, many of Mumbai's Dabbawalas use bicycles to deliver home cooked lunches to the city's workers. In Bogotá, Colombia the city's largest bakery recently replaced most of its delivery trucks with bicycles. Even the car industry uses bicycles. At the huge Mercedes-Benz factory in Sindelfingen, Germany workers use bicycles, color-coded by department, to move around the factory.
Bicycle touring
Bicycles are used for recreation at all ages. Bicycle touring, also known as cyclotourism, involves touring and exploration or sightseeing by bicycle for leisure. A brevet or randonnée is an organized long-distance ride.
One popular Dutch pleasure is the enjoyment of relaxed cycling in the countryside of the Netherlands. The land is very flat and full of public bicycle trails and cycle tracks where cyclists are not bothered by cars and other traffic, which makes it ideal for cycling recreation. Many Dutch people subscribe every year to an event called fietsvierdaagse — four days of organised cycling through the local environment. Paris–Brest–Paris (PBP), which began in 1891, is the oldest bicycling event still run on a regular basis on the open road, covers over 1,200 km (746 mi) and imposes a 90-hour time limit. Similar if smaller institutions exist in many countries.
Organized rides
Many cycling clubs hold organized rides in which bicyclists of all levels participate. The typical organized ride starts with a large group of riders, called the mass, bunch or even peloton. This will thin out over the course of the ride. Many riders choose to ride together in groups of the same skill level to take advantage of drafting.
Most organized rides, for example cyclosportives (or gran fondos), Challenge Rides or reliability trials, and hill climbs include registration requirements and will provide information either through the mail or online concerning start times and other requirements. Rides usually consist of several different routes, sorted by mileage, and with a certain number of rest stops that usually include refreshments, first aid and maintenance tools. Routes can vary by as much as 100 miles (160 km).
Mountain biking began in the 1970s, originally as a downhill sport, practised on customized cruiser bicycles around Mount Tamalpais.[20] Most mountain biking takes place on dirt roads, trails and in purpose-built parks. Downhill mountain biking has just evolved in the recent years and is performed at places such as Whistler Mountain Bike Park. Slopestyle, a form of downhill, is when riders do tricks such as tailwhips, 360s, backflips and front flips. There are several disciplines of mountain biking besides downhill. Cross country, often referred to as XC, all mountain, trail, free ride, and newly popular enduro.
The Marching and Cycling Band HHK from Haarlem (the Netherlands) is one of the few marching bands around the world which also performs on bicycles.
Shortly after the introduction of bicycles, competitions developed independently in many parts of the world. Early races involving boneshaker style bicycles were predictably fraught with injuries. Large races became popular during the 1890s "Golden Age of Cycling", with events across Europe, and in the U.S. and Japan as well. At one point, almost every major city in the US had a velodrome or two for track racing events, however since the middle of the 20th century cycling has become a minority sport in the US whilst in Continental Europe it continues to be a major sport, particularly in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Italy and Spain. The most famous of all bicycle races is the Tour de France. This began in 1903, and continues to capture the attention of the sporting world.
In 1899, Charles Minthorn Murphy became the first man to ride his bicycle a mile in under a minute (hence his nickname, Mile-a-Minute Murphy), which he did by drafting a locomotive at New York's Long Island.
As the bicycle evolved its various forms, different racing formats developed. Road races may involve both team and individual competition, and are contested in various ways. They range from the one-day road race, criterium, and time trial to multi-stage events like the Tour de France and its sister events which make up cycling's Grand Tours. Recumbent bicycles were banned from bike races in 1934 after Marcel Berthet set a new hour record in his Velodyne streamliner (49.992 km on November 18, 1933). Track bicycles are used for track cycling in Velodromes, while cyclo-cross races are held on outdoor terrain, including pavement, grass, and mud. Cyclocross races feature man-made features such as small barriers which riders either bunny hop over or dismount and walk over. Time trial races, another form of road racing require a rider to ride against the clock. Time trials can be performed as a team or as a single rider. Bikes are changed for time trial races, using aero bars. In the past decade, mountain bike racing has also reached international popularity and is even an Olympic sport.
Professional racing organizations place limitations on the bicycles that can be used in the races that they sanction. For example, the Union Cycliste Internationale, the governing body of international cycle sport (which sanctions races such as the Tour de France), decided in the late 1990s to create additional rules which prohibit racing bicycles weighing less than 6.8 kilograms (14.96 pounds). The UCI rules also effectively ban some bicycle frame innovations (such as the recumbent bicycle) by requiring a double triangle structure.[21]
The bicycle has been used as a method of reconnaissance as well as transporting soldiers and supplies to combat zones. In this it has taken over many of the functions of horses in warfare. In the Second Boer War, both sides used bicycles for scouting. In World War I, France, Germany, Australia and New Zealand used bicycles to move troops. In its 1937 invasion of China, Japan employed some 50,000 bicycle troops, and similar forces were instrumental in Japan's march or "roll" through Malaya in World War II. Germany used bicycles again in World War II, while the British employed airborne "Cycle-commandos" with folding bikes.
In the Vietnam War, communist forces used bicycles extensively as cargo carriers along the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
The last country known to maintain a regiment of bicycle troops was Switzerland, which disbanded its last unit in 2003.
Two broad and correlated themes run in bicycle activism: one is about advocating the bicycle as an alternative mode of transport, and the other is about the creation of conditions to permit and/or encourage bicycle use, both for utility and recreational cycling.[22] Although the first, which emphasizes the potential for energy and resource conservation and health benefits gained from cycling versus automobile use, is relatively undisputed, the second is the subject of much debate.
It is generally agreed that improved local and inter-city rail services and other methods of mass transportation (including greater provision for cycle carriage on such services) create conditions to encourage bicycle use. However, there are different opinions on the role of various types of cycling infrastructure in building bicycle-friendly cities and roads.
Some bicycle activists (including some traffic management advisers) seek the construction of bike paths, cycle tracks and bike lanes for journeys of all lengths and point to their success in promoting safety and encouraging more people to cycle. Some activists, especially those from the vehicular cycling tradition, view the safety, practicality, and intent of such facilities with suspicion. They favor a more holistic approach based on the 4 'E's; education (of everyone involved), encouragement (to apply the education), enforcement (to protect the rights of others), and engineering (to facilitate travel while respecting every person's equal right to do so). Some groups offer training courses to help cyclists integrate themselves with other traffic.
Critical Mass is an event typically held on the last Friday of every month in cities around the world where bicyclists take to the streets en masse. While the ride was originally founded with the idea of drawing attention to how unfriendly the city was to bicyclists, the leaderless structure of Critical Mass makes it impossible to assign it any one specific goal. In fact, the purpose of Critical Mass is not formalized beyond the direct action of meeting at a set location and time and traveling as a group through city streets.
There is a long-running cycle helmet debate among activists. The most heated controversy surrounds the topic of compulsory helmet use.
Cyclists form associations, both for specific interests (trails development, road maintenance, bike maintenance, urban design, racing clubs, touring clubs, etc.) and for more global goals (energy conservation, pollution reduction, promotion of fitness). Some bicycle clubs and national associations became prominent advocates for improvements to roads and highways. In the United States, the League of American Wheelmen lobbied for the improvement of roads in the last part of the 19th century, founding and leading the national Good Roads Movement. Their model for political organization, as well as the paved roads for which they argued, facilitated the growth of the automobile.
As a sport, cycling is governed internationally by the Union Cycliste Internationale in Switzerland, USA Cycling (merged with the United States Cycling Federation in 1995) in the United States, (for upright bicycles) and by the International Human Powered Vehicle Association (for other HPVs, or human-powered vehicles). Cycling for transport and touring is promoted on a European level by the European Cyclists' Federation, with associated members from Great Britain, Japan and elsewhere. Regular conferences on cycling as transport are held under the auspices of Velo City; global conferences are coordinated by Velo Mondial.[23]
Health effects
The health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks, when cycling is compared to a sedentary lifestyle. A Dutch study found that cycling can extend lifespans by up to 14 months, but the risks equated to a reduced lifespan of 40 days or less.[24] Cycling in the Netherlands is often safer than in other parts of the world, so the risk-benefit ratio will be different in other regions.[25] Overall, benefits of cycling or walking have been shown to exceed risks by ratios of 9:1 to 96:1 when compared with no exercise at all.[26] However these studies did not compare cycling to other forms of exercise that can involve less risk.
The physical exercise gained from cycling is generally linked with increased health and well-being. According to the World Health Organization, physical inactivity is second only to tobacco smoking as a health risk in developed countries,[27] and this is associated with many tens of billions of dollars of healthcare costs.[28] The WHO's report[27] suggests that increasing physical activity is a public health 'best buy', and that cycling is a 'highly suitable activity' for this purpose. The charity Sustrans reports that investment in cycling provision can give a 20:1 return from health and other benefits.[29] It has been estimated that, on average, approximately 20 life-years are gained from the health benefits of road bicycling for every life-year lost through injury.[30]
Bicycles are often used by people seeking to improve their fitness and cardiovascular health. In this regard, cycling is especially helpful for those with arthritis of the lower limbs who are unable to pursue sports that cause impact to the knees and other joints. Since cycling can be used for the practical purpose of transportation, there can be less need for self-discipline to exercise.
Cycling while seated is a relatively non-weight bearing exercise that, like swimming, does little to promote bone density.[31] Cycling up and out of the saddle, on the other hand, does a better job by transferring more of the rider's body weight to the legs. However, excessive cycling while standing can cause knee damage[32] It used to be thought that cycling while standing was less energy efficient, but recent research has proven this not to be true. Other than air resistance, there is no wasted energy from cycling while standing, if it is done correctly.[33]
Cycling on a stationary cycle is frequently advocated as a suitable exercise for rehabilitation, particularly for lower limb injury, owing to the low impact which it has on the joints. In particular, cycling is commonly used within knee rehabilitation programs.[34]
As a response to the increased global sedentarity and consequent overweight and obesity, one response that has been adopted by many organizations concerned with health and environment is the promotion of Active travel, which seeks to promote walking and cycling as safe and attractive alternatives to motorized transport. Given that many journeys are for relatively short distances, there is considerable scope to replace car use with walking or cycling, though in many settings this may require some infrastructure modification, particularly to attract the less experienced and confident.
Bicycle safety
Cycling suffers from a perception that it is unsafe.[35][36] This perception is not always backed by hard numbers, because of under reporting of accidents and lack of bicycle use data (amount of cycling, kilometers cycled) which make it hard to assess the risk and monitor changes in risks.[37] In the UK, fatality rates per mile or kilometre are slightly less than those for walking.[38] In the US, bicycling fatality rates are less than 2/3 of those walking the same distance.[39][40] However, in the UK for example the fatality and serious injury rates per hour of travel are just over double for cycling than those for walking.[38] Thus if a person is, for example, about to undertake a ten kilometre journey to a given destination it may on average be safer to undertake this journey by bicycle than on foot. However, if a person is intending, for example, to undertake an hour's exercise it is likely to be considerably more dangerous to take that exercise by cycling rather than by walking.
Despite the risk factors associated with bicycling, cyclists have a lower overall mortality rate when compared to other groups. A Danish study in 2000 found that even after adjustment for other risk factors, including leisure time physical activity, those who did not cycle to work experienced a 39% higher mortality rate than those who did.[41]
Injuries (to cyclists, from cycling) can be divided into two types:
- Physical trauma (extrinsic)
- Overuse (intrinsic).
Physical trauma
Acute physical trauma includes injuries to the head and extremities resulting from falls and collisions. Most cycle deaths result from a collision with a car or heavy goods vehicle, both motorist and cyclist having been found responsible for collisions.[42][43][44] A third of collisions between motorists and cyclists are caused by car dooring.[45] However, around 16% of serious cyclist injuries reported to police in the UK in 2014 did not involve any other person or vehicle.[46]
Although a majority of bicycle collsions occur during the day,[46] bicycle lighting is recommended for safety when bicycling at night to increase visibility.[47]
Overuse injuries
Of a study of 518 cyclists, a large majority reported at least one overuse injury, with over one third requiring medical treatment. The most common injury sites were the neck (48.8%) and the knees (41.7%), as well as the groin/buttocks (36.1%), hands (31.1%), and back (30.3%). Women were more likely to suffer from neck and shoulder pain than men.[48]
Many cyclists suffer from overuse injuries to the knees, affecting cyclists at all levels. These are caused by many factors:[49]
- Incorrect bicycle fit or adjustment, particularly the saddle.
- Incorrect adjustment of clipless pedals.
- Too many hills, or too many miles, too early in the training season.
- Poor training preparation for long touring rides.
- Selecting too high a gear. A lower gear for uphill climb protects the knees, even though muscles may be well able to handle a higher gear.
Excessive saddle height can cause posterior knee pain, while setting the saddle too low can cause pain in the anterior of the knee. An incorrectly fitted saddle may eventually lead to muscle imbalance. A 25 to 35 degree knee angle is recommended to avoid an overuse injury.[50]
Overuse injuries, including chronic nerve damage at weight bearing locations, can occur as a result of repeatedly riding a bicycle for extended periods of time. Damage to the ulnar nerve in the palm, carpal tunnel in the wrist, the genitourinary tract[51] or bicycle seat neuropathy[52] may result from overuse. Recumbent bicycles are designed on different ergonomic principles and eliminate pressure from the saddle and handlebars, due to the relaxed riding position.
Note that overuse is a relative term, and capacity varies greatly between individuals. Someone starting out in cycling must be careful to increase length and frequency of cycling sessions slowly, starting for example at an hour or two per day, or a hundred miles or kilometers per week. Bilateral muscular pain is a normal by-product of the training process, whereas unilateral pain may reveal "exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis".[53] Joint pain and numbness are also early signs of overuse injury.
Cycling has been linked to sexual impotence due to pressure on the perineum from the seat, but fitting a proper sized seat prevents this effect.[54][55][56][57] In extreme cases, pudendal nerve entrapment can be a source of intractable perineal pain.[58] Some cyclists with induced pudendal nerve pressure neuropathy gained relief from improvements in saddle position and riding techniques.[59]
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has investigated the potential health effects of prolonged bicycling in police bicycle patrol units, including the possibility that some bicycle saddles exert excessive pressure on the urogenital area of cyclists, restricting blood flow to the genitals.[60] Their study found that using bicycle seats without protruding noses reduced pressure on the groin by at least 65% and significantly reduced the number of cases of urogenital paresthesia. A follow-up found that 90% of bicycle officers who tried the no-nose seat were using it six months later. NIOSH recommends that riders use a no-nose bicycle seat for workplace bicycling.[57][61]
A Spanish study of top triathletes found those who cover more than 186 miles (300 km) a week on their bikes have less than 4% normal looking sperm, where normal adult males would be expected to have from 15% to 20%.[54][62]
Despite rumors to the contrary, there is no scientific evidence linking cycling with testicular cancer.[63]
Exposure to air pollution
One concern is that riding in traffic may expose the cyclist to higher levels of air pollution, especially if he or she travels on or along busy roads. Some authors have claimed this to be untrue, showing that the pollutant and irritant count within cars is consistently higher,[64] presumably because of limited circulation of air within the car and due to the air intake being directly in the stream of other traffic. Other authors have found small or inconsistent differences in concentrations but claim that exposure of cyclists is higher due to increased minute ventilation[65] and is associated with minor biological changes.[66] The significance of the associated health effect, if any, is unclear but probably much smaller than the health impacts associated with accidents and the health benefits derived from additional physical activity.
See also
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. 1989.
cycling: The action or activity of riding a bicycle etc.
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. 1988.
cyclist: One who rides a cycle or practises cycling.
- ↑ "Oxford English Dictionary". www.oed.com. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
biker: A cyclist, a person who rides a bicycle."
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. 1989.
bicyclist: One who rides a bicycle.
- ↑ DidYouKnow.cd. There are about a billion or more bicycles in the world.. Retrieved 30 July 2006.
- ↑ "HowStuffWorks "Is there a way to compare a human being to an engine in terms of efficiency?"". Auto.howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ↑ Komanoff, Charles (2004). "Bicycling". In Cleveland, Cutler J. Encyclopedia of Energy. Elsevier. pp. 141–50. doi:10.1016/B0-12-176480-X/00185-6. ISBN 978-0-12-176480-7.
- ↑ "Benefits of Biking". NoExam. Retrieved 2014-06-23.
- ↑ Flamm, B.; Rivasplata, C. (2014). "Perceptions of Bicycle-Friendly Policy Impacts on Accessibility to Transit Services: The First and Last Mile Bridge" (PDF). MTI report. Mineta Transportation Institute.
- ↑ Wardlaw MJ (2000). "Three lessons for a better cycling future". BMJ. 321 (7276): 1582–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7276.1582. PMC 1119262. PMID 11124188.
- ↑ "European Cyclists' Federation – Cycling facts and figures".
- ↑ "This version of the web site is now archived - Cette version du site web est archivée." (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2015.
- ↑ "Trek Bicycle: The world's best bikes for road, mountain, or town". Trekbikes.com. Archived from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
- ↑ "Custom Bike Builders: Groupe de Tete". bicycling.com. Archived from the original on February 25, 2007.
- ↑ "SPIN Custom...7.04 lbs". Archived from the original on November 14, 2011.
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3303655.stm
- ↑ "Santander Cycles: London's self-service, bike-sharing scheme". tfl.gov.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
- ↑ "Cycle Responder". London Ambulance Service. London Ambulance Service NHS Trust. Archived from the original on 2016-04-02. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
- ↑ Rantatalo, Oscar (March 2016). "Using police bicycle patrols to manage social order in bicycle and pedestrian traffic networks". The Police Journal. SAGE Journals. 89 (1): 18–30. doi:10.1177/0032258X16639426.
- ↑ "Clunkers Among the Hills". Sonic.net. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
- ↑ Union Cycliste International (2003). "UCI Cycling Regulations" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-08-04.
- ↑ Furness, Zack (2010). One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-613-1.
- ↑ "Velo Mondial: The premier global sustainable mobility and cycling network". Retrieved 2010-04-29.
- ↑ De Hartog, J. J.; Boogaard, H; Nijland, H; Hoek, G (2010). "Do the Health Benefits of Cycling Outweigh the Risks?". Environmental Health Perspectives. 118 (8): 1109–1116. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901747. PMC 2920084. PMID 20587380.
- ↑ Schepers, Paul; Twisk, Divera; Fishman, Elliot; Fyhri, Aslak; Jensen, Anne (February 2017), "The Dutch road to a high level of cycling safety", Safety Science, 92: 264–273, doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2015.06.005
- ↑ Kay Teschke; Conor C.O. Reynolds; Francis J. Ries; Brian Gouge; Meghan Winters (March 2012). "Bicycling: Health Risk or Benefit?" (PDF). University of british Columbia Medical Journal.
- 1 2 "A Physically Active Life through Everyday Transport" (PDF). World health Organisation. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ↑ "Overweight and Obesity: Economic Consequences". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov). Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ↑ "How transport can save the NHS". sustrans.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2007-03-12.
- ↑ Hillman, Mayhew; Morgan, David; British Medical Association (1992). Cycling: Towards Health and Safety. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-286151-4.
- ↑ Palmer, Jacob E.; Levy, Susan S.; Nichols, Jeanne F. (2003). "Low bone mineral density in highly trained male master cyclists". Osteoporosis International. 14 (8): 644–9. doi:10.1007/s00198-003-1418-z. PMID 12856112.
- ↑ "Bicycling and Pain". Retrieved 2011-02-07.
- ↑ "Sit or Stand: Tradeoffs in Efficiency?". PEZ Cycling News. November 21, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-28.
- ↑ "Cycling for Knee Rehabilitation".
- ↑ Seaton, Matt (2006). On Your Bike!. London: Black Dog Publishing. p. 103. ISBN 1-904772-40-4.
- ↑ Horton, D. (2007) Fear of Cycling. In p. Rosen, P. Cox, Horton, D. Cycling and Society. London: Ashgate
- ↑ Vanparijs, J; Int Panis, L; Meeusen, R; De Geus, B (August 2015). "Exposure measurement in bicycle safety analysis: A review of the literature". Accident Analysis & Prevention. 84: 9–19. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.08.007.
- 1 2 "Road Casualties Great Britain 2007 – Annual Report (page 82, "Fatality rates by mode of travel")" (PDF). Department for Transport.
- ↑ "Daily Travel by Walking and Bicycling". Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ↑ "Fatality Analysis Reporting System". National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ↑ Andersen, Lars Bo; Schnohr, Peter; Schroll, Marianne; Hein, Hans Ole (2000). "All-Cause Mortality Associated with Physical Activity During Leisure Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work". Archives of Internal Medicine. 160 (11): 1621–8. doi:10.1001/archinte.160.11.1621. PMID 10847255.
- ↑ "Cycling in Great Britain". Department of Transport. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ↑ "44 tonne articulated trucks and towns don't mix". Cambridge Cycling Campaign UK. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ↑ "Lorries and Towns Don't Mix (video)". Robert Webb. Archived from the original on January 23, 2009.
- ↑ Wright, Gavin (12 July 2011). Cycling for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-7303-7666-8.
- 1 2 "Cycling Accidents Facts & Figures - August 2014". www.rospa.com. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
- ↑ "National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Countermeasures that work: A highway safety countermeasures guide for State Highway Safety Offices, 8th edition." (PDF). www.nhtsa.gov. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 2015. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
- ↑ Wilber, C.; Holland, G.; Madison, R.; Loy, S. (2007). "An Epidemiological Analysis of Overuse Injuries Among Recreational Cyclists". International Journal of Sports Medicine. 16 (3): 201–6. doi:10.1055/s-2007-972992. PMID 7649713.
- ↑ "Knee Pain in Cycling: New Twist on an old Injury". BioMechanics. July–August 1996. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2006-11-24.
- ↑ "Avoid Repetitive Knee Injuries While Riding A Bike".
- ↑ Leibovitch, Ilan; Mor, Yoram (2005). "The Vicious Cycling: Bicycling Related Urogenital Disorders". European Urology. 47 (3): 277–86; discussion 286–7. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2004.10.024. PMID 15716187.
- ↑ "Bicycle Seat Neuropathy, follow up". eMedicine. February 8, 2006. Retrieved 2006-03-20.
- ↑ Abraham, P.; Bouyé, P; Quéré, I; Chevalier, J. M.; Saumet, J. L. (2004). "Past, present and future of arterial endofibrosis in athletes: A point of view". Sports medicine. 34 (7): 419–25. doi:10.2165/00007256-200434070-00001. PMID 15233595.
- 1 2 Woodcock, J.; Tainio, M.; Cheshire, J.; O'Brien, O.; Goodman, A. (2014). "Health effects of the London bicycle sharing system: Health impact modelling study". BMJ. 348: g425. doi:10.1136/bmj.g425. PMC 3923979. PMID 24524928.
- ↑ "Cycle of despair". BBC News. 1998-08-12. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- ↑ "Cycling linked to impotence". BBC News. 1999-06-07. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
- 1 2 Schrader, Steven M.; Breitenstein, Michael J.; Lowe, Brian D. (2008). "Cutting off the Nose to Save the Penis". Journal of Sexual Medicine. 5 (8): 1932–40. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00867.x. PMID 18466268.
- ↑ Ramsden, Christopher; McDaniel, Michael; Harmon, Robert; Renney, Kenneth; Faure, Alexis (2003). "Pudendal nerve entrapment as source of intractable perineal pain". American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 82 (6): 479–484. doi:10.1097/00002060-200306000-00013. PMID 12820792.
- ↑ Silbert, P. L.; Dunne, J. W.; Edis, R. H.; Stewart-Wynne, E. G. (1991). "Bicycling induced pudendal nerve pressure neuropathy". Clinical and experimental neurology. 28: 191–6. PMID 1821826.
- ↑ "NIOSH -Bicycle Saddles and Reproductive Health". United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
- ↑ "NIOSH Research Demonstrates the Effectiveness of No-Nose Bicycle Seats in Reducing Groin Pressure and Improving Sexual Health (2010-163)". CDC – The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). October 2010.
- ↑ Wilkinson, Emma (2009-06-29). "BBC: Elite cyclists 'risk infertility'". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-06-06.
- ↑ "Testiclar Cancer Fact Sheet" (PDF). Monash Institute of Medical Research. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
- ↑ Chertok, Michael; Voukelatos, Alexander; Sheppeard, Vicky; Rissel, Chris (2004). "Comparison of air pollution exposure for five commuting modes in Sydney - car, train, bus, bicycle and walking" (PDF). Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 15 (1): 63–7. doi:10.1071/HE04063.
- ↑ Int Panis, Luc; De Geus, Bas; Vandenbulcke, Grégory; Willems, Hanny; Degraeuwe, Bart; Bleux, Nico; Mishra, Vinit; Thomas, Isabelle; Meeusen, Romain (2010). "Exposure to particulate matter in traffic: A comparison of cyclists and car passengers". Atmospheric Environment. 44 (19): 2263–2270. Bibcode:2010AtmEn..44.2263I. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.028.
- ↑ Jacobs, Lotte; Nawrot, Tim S; De Geus, Bas; Meeusen, Romain; Degraeuwe, Bart; Bernard, Alfred; Sughis, Muhammad; Nemery, Benoit; Panis, Luc (2010). "Subclinical responses in healthy cyclists briefly exposed to traffic-related air pollution: An intervention study". Environmental Health. 9: 64. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-9-64. PMC 2984475. PMID 20973949.


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The KJV Transetto Text Edition is not only a new Bible but is a unique book concept. These smart, ultra-modern books are very compact, but nevertheless clear and easy to handle and read. They use lightweight paper and an innovative binding style to include a large amount of reading matter into a small, supremely portable and easy-to-handle format. This revolutionary new publishing concept, first launched in the Netherlands in 2009, is patented worldwide as the dwarsligger®. The Cambridge KJV Transetto Edition is the first Bible to be published in this format in English. The book no longer has a conventional left and right page. Its format is landscape, with the text rotated 'crosswise' through 90º, but when the book is open the two pages on view form a single portrait-format 'page' for reading: the Bible text is set in double-column format, and is read downwards across both open pages in the spread. Any book in this format weighs a fraction of its standard book equivalent – and of an electronic reader too. The combination of thin India paper and unique binding allows the books to open flat or be easily held in one hand. They fit comfortably into the smallest of handbags or pockets and will be ideal for reading on the move – any time, anywhere.
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I'm happy to see it go - both personally (for I was regularly attacked in the pages of its magazine for my linguistic views) and professionally (for we are no longer living in an age which accepts that a few self-appointed individuals can impose their personal linguistic tastes on everyone else). The QES claimed to be an organization that cared about standards, but its own usage - as seen for example on its website - was poor even by those standards. The letter which announced their demise contained several errors of grammar and punctuation, including the omission of commas and even of a sentence-final period! Geoff Pullum has done some excellent analysis of their grammatical infelicities here so I won't go any further into that.
I think people began to lose faith in the QES when it became apparent that much of what they were claiming was simply fantasy. They would assert, for example, that linguists like me say 'anything goes' and don't care about standards. This was simply a travesty. No linguist has ever said 'anything goes'. On the contrary, the whole basis of linguistics is to establish the rules governing language, and to define such notions as appropriateness in language variation. All linguists care about standards. All linguists care about clarity and precision. What linguists object to is the attempt by individuals to impose artificial and unauthentic rules on everyone - the kind that were repeatedly asserted in the pages of the QES magazine, and of course immediately disputed by its membership, who could never agree on such matters as whether it was right or wrong to split infinitives, end sentences with prepositions, begin sentences with 'and', and suchlike.
At its best, the QES performed a useful service, drawing attention to genuine instances of careless usage, ambiguity, and so on in the public domain. At its worst it showed a horrific intolerance of language diversity which at times bordered on racism. I'm remembering now an article in the Winter 2007 issue of their magazine, Quest. This is what was written:
'The vast variety of earthly languages is indeed an almost unmitigated curse. The fewer languages the better, and the world will be a far better place when everyone speaks the same language - or perhaps I had better be frank and say when everyone speaks English (and it will come). I think Crystal once said languages are dying at the rate of one a fortnight. If so, that's the best news I've heard in a long time, and long may it continue!'
This is the kind of extremism that gave the QES a bad name, and made some of its members uncomfortable. It ties in, of course, with its regular condemnation of non-standard usage in regional dialects. The periodical's back cover maintained that the views expressed in its pages were not necessarily those of the editor or of the Society - but in that case, we could delete 'not necessarily', as in the previous issue of Quest the editor himself had expressed the same opinions in a book review (which is what motivated the letter-writer). Talking about the views I represent on linguistic diversity, he asks 'do we really need it?' [diversity], and answers his own question with 'quite the contrary', and he goes on to say: 'when a language dies, what really is lost? Surely something is in fact gained if the speaker decides to drop, say, Karas and adopts English instead?' The ignorance of the expressive richness of other languages was truly breathtaking, but that was only to be expected from someone who affirmed 'the superior quality of the content of the English language'.
I think people got fed up with seeing endless personal opinions about what was thought to be bad usage (only rarely would we be given examples of good usage). The same tired issues surfaced over and over - most of which had been part of the prescriptive tradition of complaint for well over a century. The membership too must have sensed that it had passed its sell-by date, for they evidently didn't even care enough to stand for committee office - which is why the current committee decided to call it a day.
I'm glad it's gone. It means those of us who really care about usage will be able to get on with our job without being continually distracted by issues that are beside the point, as far as standards are concerned. The notion of clarity, for example, does indeed need explication - but clarity has very little to do with the kinds of topic that the QES focused upon. Rather, it requires reference to features of syntax (such as the way sentence weight operates) which would never be mentioned in the pages of the QES magazine. And there are many aspects of the way English is evolving which do require a properly informed public discussion, such as the character of the emerging 'new Englishes' around the world, the status of English as a global lingua franca, and the forms and functions of English on the Internet. This is the world we're living in, but it is not one that the QES seemed to like very much. It was time for it to go.


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මෙම පිටුව ඉංග්රීසි ව්යාපෘතියෙන් මෙහි ගෙනවිත් ඇත. අන්තර්ගතය අපගේ ව්යාපෘතිය සමඟ 100% නොගැලපෙනමුත් අපගේ අවශ්යතාවයන් වලට අනුකූලව ගොඩනගා ගැනීම සඳහා මූලික පියවර ලෙස භාවිතා කළ හැකිය. |
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Advanced functionsChanging the order of wiki pagesTo change the order of wiki pages in your collection, simply move the pages in the list titled "Your Collection". To do so, hover over the page title to move, click and drag it to the new location. Release the mouse button to finish moving the page to its new location. You can also automatically sort the pages into alphabetical order. Saving and sharing your collection with othersTo save your collection, you must have a registered account on Wikibooks for at least four days. You can save your collection on the "Collection" page, which can be reached by clicking the "Show collection" link in the menu on the left hand side. In the "Save and share your collection" section, choose one of the location options and then provide a title for the collection. It will then be saved by clicking the "Save collection" button. Printed books from PediaPressBy clicking the "Order book from PediaPress" button, your collection of wiki pages can be printed as a bound book. You will be forwarded to the website of PediaPress, a service that prints books based on wiki content. Further information about the printed books can be found on the FAQ page, and at Printed books (including cost and format details). In 2007 the Wikimedia Foundation and PediaPress agreed upon a long-term partnership aimed to improve the availability of Wikibooks and other wiki-based project content in the form of high-quality print products or text documents in the OpenDocument format. Further information


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Enhance your pastoral care program with the activity based
Enhanced Learning Educational Services (ELES) Time Management Worksheet set:
- Are your students struggling to manage their time effectively?
- Are they constantly complaining that they can't get anything done?
- Are your students' parents asking how they can help their students better develop time management skills?
These resources are the group license version for schools and teachers to use with groups of students. If you are looking for products for personal and individual use only click here.
Then this is the resource kit for you!
- Save your valuable time by having the type of resource you need at your fingertips
- Help your students become more effective at managing the time they have at their disposal (making parents happy too!)
- In three parts, the kit deals with the issue of time management in a user friendly and effective way.
An introduction to what time management is and an assessment of the obstacles that students are currently facing. This section can be given to students to complete at home or in form time. (Consists of 5 double-sided worksheets.)
Time Management Techniques. 10 clearly explained techniques suitable for Year 12 students to implement.
- The 80/20 Rule
- Slice the Salami
- Gant Charts
- Dissolving Barriers
- Just Do It
- On Track Partner
- Rock, Pebble, Sand
- Emotions That Waste Time
- Time Limits
- 3D System
Each technique is outlined on a double-sided worksheet and includes activities for students to complete. (Consists of 10 double-sided worksheets.)
These first two parts of the kit can be used in the following ways:
- Handed out in parts for students to complete at school in form time
- Handed out in whole or parts for students to complete in their own time
- In entirety at an in-school study skills day
Parents are always looking for ways to help and assist their students. This section consists of a suggested covering letter (you can also download this from our website in order to adapt it to suit your school), suggestions of inserts for your school newsletter, and a Parents' Guide to Time Management Techniques for Year 12. These can be sent out to parents as a package or at different times of the year, or could be included in any handbooks or guides your school might give to parents. (Consists of 5 double-sided pages.)
Purchase of our products also means you have blackline master photocopy rights for your school.
Price: This resource is supplied in PDF format only and is priced at AUD$99.00. This includes GST and blackline master photocopy rights for the school and the file is emailed to you directly.
CLICK here to open or RIGHT CLICK to save the sample pages (4 pages PDF format 220KB) to your computer (if you try and open them directly you may get an error). Once they are saved onto your computer, find the file and double-click on it to open it.


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For players and fans alike; whether you are hitting the polo field or tailgating this mallet cuff is the perfect accessory.
Made with:
- 100% Sterling Silver
- Freshwater Pearl
- Adjustable cuff (one size fits most)
- Lots of love!
Every item is handmade to order so please allow 3-4 business days for your special piece to be made and shipped. Thanks for shopping small!
Note: The beauty of handmade is that there can be slight variations in size, shape and patina. Please allow for some variation in your unique item. Thank you!


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States Where People Live the Longest
The average life expectancy in the United States is 78.8 years, with women generally having a longer life expectancy than men. Most gaps in life expectancy can be explained by the risk factors that people engage in. The disparity between men and women, for example, is because women tend to engage in less risky behavior than men, and suffer fewer vehicular accidents.
People living in the Southern United States are more likely to be smokers, which is a leading cause of death. A 2016 American Cancer Society study found that cigarettes contribute to one in four cancer deaths in the country. Most of the 10 states with the highest attributable cancer deaths were located in the South, which explains why many of the states with the lowest life expectancies can also be found across the region.