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Inkjet on Canvas
2012-Ongoing, 319 Scholes, New York, NY, DAAP Galleries, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, Bitforms Gallery, New York, NY, ASC Projects, San Francisco, CA, Kunsthalle zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
Note: This article was originally published on rhizome.org.
These artists (…) counter the database, understood as a structure of dehumanized power, with the collection, as a form of idiosyncratic, unsystematic, and human memory. They collect what interests them, whatever they feel can and should be included in a meaning system. They describe, critique, and finally challenge the dynamics of the database, forcing it to evolve.1
I collect Google Earth images. I discovered them by accident, these particularly strange snapshots, where the illusion of a seamless and accurate representation of the Earth's surface seems to break down. I was Google Earth-ing, when I noticed that a striking number of buildings looked like they were upside down. I could tell there were two competing visual inputs here —the 3D model that formed the surface of the earth, and the mapping of the aerial photography; they didn't match up. Depth cues in the aerial photographs, like shadows and lighting, were not aligning with the depth cues of the 3D model.
The competing visual inputs I had noticed produced some exceptional imagery, and I began to find more and start a collection. At first, I thought they were glitches, or errors in the algorithm, but looking closer, I realized the situation was actually more interesting — these images are not glitches. They are the absolute logical result of the system. They are an edge condition—an anomaly within the system, a nonstandard, an outlier, even, but not an error. These jarring moments expose how Google Earth works, focusing our attention on the software. They are seams which reveal a new model of seeing and of representing our world – as dynamic, ever-changing data from a myriad of different sources – endlessly combined, constantly updated, creating a seamless illusion.
3D Images like those in Google Earth are generated through a process called texture mapping. Texture mapping is a technology developed by Ed Catmull in the 1970's. In 3D modeling, a texture map is a flat image that gets applied to the surface of a 3D model, like a label on a can or a bottle of soda. Textures typically represent a flat expanse with very little depth of field, meant to mimic surface properties of an object. Textures are more like a scan than a photograph. The surface represented in a texture coincides with the surface of the picture plane, unlike a photograph that represents a space beyond the picture plane. This difference might be summed up another way: we see through a photograph, welook at a texture. This is an important distinction in 3D modeling, because textures are stretched across the surface of a 3D model, in essence becoming the skin for the model.
Google Earth's textures however, are not shallow or flat. They are photographs that we look through into a space represented beyond—a space our brain interprets as having three dimensions and depth. We see space in the aerial photographs because of light and shadows and because of our prior knowledge of experienced space. When these photographs get distorted and stretched across the 3D topography of the earth, we are both looking at the distorted picture plane, andthrough the same picture plane at the space depicted in the texture. In other words, we are looking at two spaces simultaneously. Most of the time this doubling of spaces in Google Earth goes unnoticed, but sometimes the two spaces are so different, that things look strange, vertiginous, or plain wrong. But they're not wrong. They reveal Google's system used to map the earth — The Universal Texture.
The Universal Texture is a Google patent for mapping textures onto a 3D model of the entire globe.2 At its core the Universal Texture is just an optimal way to generate a texture map of the earth. As its name implies, the Universal Texture promises a god-like (or drone-like) uninterrupted navigation of our planet — not a tiled series of discrete maps, but a flowing and fluid experience. This experience is so different, so much more seamless than previous technologies, that it is an achievement quite like what the escalator did to shopping:
No invention has had the importance for and impact on shopping as the escalator. As opposed to the elevator, which is limited in terms of the numbers it can transport between different floors and which through its very mechanism insists on division, the escalator accommodates and combines any flow, efficiently creates fluid transitions between one level and another, and even blurs the distinction between separate levels and individual spaces.3
In the digital media world, this fluid continuity is analogous to the infinite scroll's effect on Tumblr. In Google Earth, the Universal Texture delivers a smooth, complete and easily accessible knowledge of the planet's surface. The Universal Texture is able to take a giant photo collage made up of aerial photographs from all kinds of different sources — various companies, governments, mapping institutes — and map it onto a three-dimensional model assembled from as many distinct sources. It blends these disparate data together into a seamless space – like the escalator merges floors in a shopping mall.
Our mechanical processes for creating images have habituated us into thinking in terms of snapshots – discrete segments of time and space (no matter how close together those discrete segments get, we still count in frames per second and image aspect ratios). But Google is thinking in continuity. The images produced by Google Earth are quite unlike a photograph that bears an indexical relationship to a given space at a given time. Rather, they are hybrid images, a patchwork of two-dimensional photographic data and three-dimensional topographic data extracted from a slew of sources, data-mined, pre-processed, blended and merged in real-time. Google Earth is essentially a database disguised as a photographic representation.
It is an automated, statistical, incessant, universal representation that selectively chooses its data. (For one, there is no 'night' in Google's version of Earth.) The system edits a particular representation of the world. The software edits, re-assembles, processes and packages reality in order to form a very specific and useful model. These collected images feel alien, because they are clearly an incorrect representation of the earth's surface. And it is precisely because humans did not directly create these images that they are so fascinating. They are created by an algorithm that finds nothing wrong in these moments. They are less a creation, than a kind of fact – a representation of the laws of the Universal Texture. As a collection the anomalies are a weird natural history of Google Earth's software. They are strange new typologies, representative of a particular digital process. Typically, the illusion the Universal Texture creates makes the process itself go unnoticed, but these anomalies offer a glimpse into the data collection and assembly. They bring the diverging data sources to light. In these anomalies we understand there are competing inputs, competing data sources and discrepancy in the data. The world is not so fluid after all.
By capturing screenshots of these images in Google Earth, I am pausing them and pulling them out of the update cycle. I capture these images to archive them – to make sure there is a record that this image was produced by the Universal Texture at a particular time and place. As I kept looking for more anomalies, and revisiting anomalies I had already discovered, I noticed the images I had discovered were disappearing. The aerial photographs were getting updated, becoming 'flatter' – from being taken at less of an angle or having the shadows below bridges muted. Because Google Earth is constantly updating its algorithms and three-dimensional data, each specific moment could only be captured as a still image. I know Google is trying to fix some of these anomalies too – I've been contacted by a Google engineer who has come up with a clever fix for the problem of drooping roads and bridges. Though the change has yet to appear in the software, it's only a matter of time.
Taking a closer look, Google's algorithms also seem to have a way to select certain types of aerial photographs over others, so as more photographs are taken, the better ones get selected. To Google, better photographs are flatter, have fewer shadows and are taken from higher angles. Because of this progress, these strange images are being erased. I see part of my work as archiving these temporal digital typologies. I also call these images postcards to cast myself as a tourist in the temporal and virtual space – a space that exists digitally for a moment, and may perhaps never be reconstituted again by any computer.
Nothing draws more attention to the temporality of these images than the simple observation that the clouds are disappearing from Google Earth. After all, clouds obscures the surface of the planet so photos with no clouds are privileged. The Universal Texture and its attendant database algorithms are trained on a few basic qualitative traits – no clouds, high contrast, shallow depth, daylight photos. Progress in architecture has given us total control over interior environments; climate controlled spaces smoothly connected by escalators in shopping malls, airports, hotels and casinos. Progress in the Universal Texture promises to give us a smooth and continuous 24-hour, cloudless, daylit world, increasingly free of jarring anomalies, outliers and statistical inconsistency.
(1) Quaranta, Domenico, "Collect the WWWorld. The Artist as Archivist in the Internet Age," in Domenico Quaranta et al., Collect the WWWorld, exhibition catalogue, LINK Editions, September 2011.
(2) "WebGL Earth Documentation – 2 Real-time Texturing Methods," WebGL Earth Documentation – 2 Real-time Texturing Methods, N.p., n.d. Web. 30 July 2012.
(3) Jovanovic Weiss, Srdjan and Leong, Sze Tsung, "Escalator," in Koolhaas et al., Harvard Design School guide to shopping, Köln, New York, Taschen, 2001.


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It's kind of funny to look back and think of things that would feel huge in other years, things like my new job are easily forgettable in a year full of family triumphs and heart aches. It feels like in a large part this year belongs to my sisters. That as thrilled as we were this past year with Henry and our little family of three, that the two most defining moments of the year come with Cici's birth and Missy's Cancer. The pure joy of Boo and Chris finally having one of their daughters home, and the pure heart ache of watching my little sister in the fight of her life.
I guess that's why I always do this year in review. There was a lot more to 2010 than those two events. Lots of great things with our family and friends. Lots of laughs, lots of tears, but lots and lots of laughs. And I want to remember the laughs. I want to remember Henry learning to walk and our first beach trip. I want to remember 2010 as an awesome year with a few rough patches, and this list helps me to remember that that is exactly what it was. So here it is, for the 4th year in a row (here are 2007, 2008 & 2009 if you really want do do a Bio Girl marathon), The Best of Bio Girl, 2010!
- Remember when I realized I may not, in fact, be as awesome as I thought at video games
- There was that time Henry found a *shudder* healthy snack...
- A post about what breastfeeding meant to me.
- Me and Henry talking about the meaning of St. Patrick's Day (I LOVE his dancing picture)
- My epic dinner fail
- One about me being an idiot at my new job orientation.
- Henry's 1st birthday party was a huge hit! and here is his slideshow. I still watch this on a regular basis, just to make me smile.
- My last day of Breastfeeding. I am so glad I wrote about this day.
- Henry went to the beach for the first time!
- Henry learns to smile for the camera...sort of.
- I love this post. It is simple, but it speaks to me. We tried so hard to have our sweet Henry, that even the long difficult nights are still sorta wonderful, just because he is here. I think it is one of my best of the year (and it will be featured in the 2010 Creme De La Creme)
- Some Life lessons I learned at the Laundromat.
- Henry finds the King Bee *shudder again*
- The Chaise finally finds it's place in our home.
- I fight with the Pregnancy Mask (aka, I am the Last Air Bender)
- Henry finds his favorite thing (although now it is in a tough race with his Woody doll)
- I am an idiot in the Chicago Airport.
- We got all athletic and did a 5K for Brain Tumor research
- I look like Big Foot caught on tape while playing Flag Football.
- We have too much fun at Arielle's bachelorette party, which of course leads up to the big wedding of the year!
- Kentucky gets a lot of snow, and Henry and Ellie think it's awesome.
- Henry helps to put up the tree for Christmas!
- Henry decides Christmas is awesome, as does his Papa.
Wow. That's a long list this year. And I was so tempted to link to a million more because in all honesty, 2010 has been awesome. Reading over the posts has reminded me. We are so blessed to have our sweet Henry and our amazing friends and family. We are so very thankful for this amazing life we get to lead.
I posted about 13,245,361 pictures this year, and I was sorta depressed about it a few days ago and sorta thought, "Man, I need to get away from all these pictures and really get back to writing" but after looking at all my old posts, I have changed my mind. I love the pictures. And since I couldn't link to each picture post, her is a link for the Picture category, just in case you want to scroll over all the pictures I have posted here at Bio Girl. You can also see all the videos here, if you are curious :)
Happy New Year everyone! I will see you in 2011!

subset: commoncrawl


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Title of the governors who were appointed by Rome over Judea after the banishment of Archelaus in the year 6
Only those provinces which possessed a civilization of their own received their own procurators, as, for example, Egypt; or those having a semibarbarous population, such as Thrace. Procurators, in the proper sense of the term, could be selected only from the ranks of the knights. Only once was a freedman, Felix, appointed procurator of Judea.
The procurators of Judea had a military imperium with five fasces as symbols, and thus possessed the "jus gladii." They were, accordingly, as independent within their own provinces as was the legate of Syria. The latter, however, was invested with the right as well as the duty to interfere in Judean affairs in case of necessity, as did especially Caius Cestius Gallus. The legate had power even over the procurator's person. Thus, Vitellius deposed Pilate; and Quadratus sent Cumanus to Rome to render account to the emperor. Furthermore, the Jews could have preferred against Florus charges before the legate had not fear prevented them from taking this step ("B. J." ii. 14, § 3).
Residence.The procurator resided in Cæsarea, where he had his pretorium, a building which formerly was the palace of Herod (Acts xxiii. 35). Only on special occasions, particularly during the Jewish high festivals, did the procurator go to Jerusalem, where also he had a pretorium—again the palace of Herod—which at the same time was used as barracks ("Ant." xvii. 10, § 2; "B. J." ii. 3, §§ 1-4). In one instance a procurator, Cumanus, put an armed body of Samaritans into the field against the Jews (ib. xx. 6, § 1); not that he had the right to do so, but because the measure was dictated by the disturbed peace of the land. An exceptional measure was Pilate's order to carry the emperor's image with the flag of the troops, which out of regard for the religious sentiment of the Jews was not generally done in Palestine. As a rule, the procurators respected the peculiarities of the people placed in their charge. Troubles, however, were inevitable. At the very outset a revolt was threatened through the census of Quirinius. As the procurator came into the country as a stranger, he was not moved by the distress of a population foreign to him; and to this must be added the circumstance that the procurator's tenure of office was a brief one—only under Tiberius was the term extended. Nothing whatever bound the procurators to the native population; and even Tiberius Alexander, a born Jew, and Felix, who was married to the Jewish princess Drusilla, assumed an inimical attitude toward the people. A study of the Jewish law and the Jewish spirit, in a manner such as the Talmud reports of the legate Tineius Rufus, was not attempted by the procurators; only Marcus Antonius Julianus, who was procurator about the year 70, seems to have had a fair understanding of the Jews (see Schlatter, "Zur Topographie und Geschichte Palästinas," pp. 97-119). It was a dictate of prudence on the part of the procurators to have as little contact as possible with the Jews, unless their own personal interest, especially the desire for rapid enrichment, demanded a different attitude. The routine of business was left in the hands of the local municipalities. This was the case even in regard to judicial functions, over which, however, they retained the power of supervision, particularly in cases of capital punishment, in which their assent was necessary before the sentence could be carried into effect.
The procurators may be divided into two series: those preceding and those following the reign of Agrippa I. Those of the first series (6-41
- Coponius (6 or 7-9 C.E.). During his administration the revolt of Judas the Galilean occurred (Josephus, "Ant." xviii. 1, § 1; idem, "B. J." li. 8, § 1).
- Marcus Ambibulus (9-12). Ἀμβίβουλος is the correct reading in "Ant." xviii. 2, § 2, according to ed. Niese; the older editions have Ἀμβίβουχος, which was usually read "Ambivius."
- Annius Rufus (c. 12-15). During his term of office Augustus died (Aug. 19, 14); and this is the only basis on which to compute the tenure of office of the first three procurators, of whose administration Josephus ("Ant." l.c.) reports almost nothing.
- Valerius Gratus (15-26). He was the first procurator who arbitrarily appointed and deposed the high priests (ib.).
- Pontius Pilate 26-36). As Josephus expressly states (ib. 4, § 2), he was deposed before the first appearance of Vitellius in Jerusalem, namely, in the spring of 36 (comp. ib. 4, § 3 with 5, § 3).
- Marcellus (36-37). A friend of Vitellius (ib. 4, § 2), who appointed him after sending Pilate to Rome to render account. It may be assumed, however, that Marcellus was not really a procurator of Judea, but only a subordinate official of Vitellius. Indeed, this is the only instance where Josephus, in designating the office of Marcellus, uses the expression ἐπιμελητής = "overseer." No official act of Marcellus is reported.
- Marullus (37-41).
The procurators of the second series are:
- Cuspius Fadus (44 to c. 46). Claudius appointed him to prevent the Syrian legate Vibius Marsus, who was ill-disposed toward the Jews, from mistreating them ("Ant." xix. 9, § 2). This goes to show that in time of peace the procurator was independent of the Syrian legate.
- Tiberius Alexander (46-48). He was sent by the emperor, in the belief that a born Jew would be welcome to the Jews.
- Ventidius Cumanus (48-52). His appointment is mentioned in "Ant." xx. 5, § 2. During his administration popular uprisings occurred, and the legate of Syria. Ummidius Quadratus, removed him on the urgent petition of the Jews.
- Felix (52-60). He was appointed by the emperor at the desire of the high priest Jonathan ("B. J." ii. 12, § 6), which distinctly proves that the central government in Rome was conciliatory toward the Jews, and that the procurators were responsible for the prevailing animosities. Felix was called upon to sit in judgment on the apostle Paul.
- Porcius Festus (60-62). A fairly just man ("Ant." xx. 8, § 9; "B. J." ii. 14, § 1), who could not, however, remedy the faults of his predecessors. He was prominent in the proceedings against Paul. Festus died while in office. Until the arrival ofthe new procurator, the high priest Ananus, son of Annas, exercised a certain power.
- Albinus (62-64). Notorious through his extortions.
- Gessius Florus (64-66). A contemptible ruler, under whom a revolt of the Jews took place. In consequence of the war, the procurator's office could be filled either not at all or only de jure, as by Vespasian. The important distinction now arose that the governor held the rank of senator, and was selected, for a time, from among the pretors, and afterward (probably from Hadrian's time) from the consular ranks. He had under him a procurator; such, e.g., was L. Laberius Maximus, under Bassus. After the Bar Kokba war there remained in Judea, besides the Tenth legion ("Fretensis"), the Sixth legion ("Ferrata"), and of course, as previously, several auxiliary troops. Only "legati Augusti pro prætore" were qualified to be commanders of this army. The dependence on Syria now ceased in the natural course of events.
- (Owing to the lack of sources the succession of the governors at this period can not be stated with precision. In Schürer's list, for example, the above-mentioned Antonius Julianus is not included, while Cerialis, who certainly took part in the campaign against the Jews, is nowhere referred to as procurator.)
- L. Laberius Maximus (c. 71). Lucilius Bassus, who is mentioned together with him in Josephus ("B. J." vii. 6, § 6), was one of the generals of Titus, and conqueror of the fortresses Herodium and Machærus, but not then governor. About a year later, however, he became governor. He died during his term of office (ib. vii. 8, § 1).
- Flavius Silva. Successor to Bassus (ib.).
- M. Salvidenus (c. 80). His date is proved by a Palestinian coin of Titus (Madden, "Coins of the Jews," p. 218).
- Cn. Pompeius Longinus. Mentioned in a military brevet issued by Domitian, dated 86 ("C. I. L." iii. 857, "Diploma," xiv.; comp. Darmesteter in "R. E. J." i. 37-41).
- Atticus (107). Referred to as ὑπατικός = "consularis," in two fragments of the church historian Hegesippus, contained in Eusebius, "Hist. Eccl." iii. 32, §§ 3, 6 (comp. Preuschen, "Antilegomena," pp. 76, 77, Giessen, 1901; Eusebius, "Chronicles," ed. Schöne, ii. 162).
- Q. Pompeius Falco (c. 107-110). Known through the letters of Pliny the Younger. One inscription ("C. I. L." x., No. 6321) calls him legate of the province (Judea), and of the Tenth legion ("Fretensis"), while another ("Journal of Hellenic Studies," 1890, p. 253) designates him even more distinctly "leg . . . provinciæ Judææ consularis"; that is, ὑπατικος, as in the case of Atticus. The title ὑπατικος is, however, frequently used in rabbinical writings also (see Krauss, "Lehnwörter," s.v.).
- Tiberianus. The Byzantine chronicler Johannes Malalas (ed. Dindorf, p. 273) speaks of him as governor of the first province of Palestine (ἡγεμὼν του πρώτου Παλαιστίνων ἔθνους), in connection with the sojourn of Hadrian in Antioch (114). A similar notice may be found in Johannes Antiochenus (In Müller, "Fragmenta Historicorum Græcorum," iv. 580, No. 111) and in Suldas, s.v. Τραἴανός. The designation "Palestina prima," which came into use in the middle of the fourth century, gives a historical character to this notice. These authors use a later designation for the earlier period.
- Lusius Quietus (c. 117). After suppressing the uprising of the Jews in Mesopotamia, he was appointed governor of Judea (Eusebius, "Hist. Eccl." iv. 2, § 5). Dio Cassius states that he administered Palestine subsequently to the consulate (lxviii. 32, ὑπατευσαι). Here again there was a legate with a consular rank. Aside from references to the "War of Quietus," he is mentioned in rabbinical sources under the name of "Hegemon Kyntos" (see Krauss in "R. E. J." xxx. 40, xxxii. 46; Jastrow, "Dict." p. 13a; Schürer, "Gesch." 3d ed., i. 649; Schlatter, in his "Zur Topographie und Geschichte Palästinas," p. 402). No governor of this name, nor indeed of a similar name, is mentioned in other source.
- Tineius Rufus. Many sources, including rabbinical ones, have made him familiar as governor during the Bar Kokba uprising.
- Julius Severus. Celebrated general, who suppressed the Bar Kokba uprising (135). He is designated in an inscription ("C. I. L." iii., No. 2830) as "legatus pro prætore provinciæ Judææ."
- Cl[audius] Pater[nus], Clement[ianus]. According to an inscription (ib. iii., No. 5776), "proc[urator] Aug[usti] provincia[e] Jud[ææ] v[ices] a[gens] l[egati]"; that is, a procurator replacing the legate who either was recalled or had died. The date of Claudius' term of office is not known, so that he can not be properly placed in the order of succession. It appears, however, from the terms of the inscription that the office of procurator could alternate with that of legate.
- (After the Bar Kokba war the Jews ceased to be a political power, and the sources yield scarcely any information whatever. The Jews revolted also under Antoninus Pius, who subdued them through his governors ["præsides"] and legates (Capitolinus, "Antoninus Pius," § 5], namely, the legates of Syria. Beginning with the reign of Marcus Aurelius, Judea was again closely attached to Syria. In this period may perhaps be placed M. Cornelius "M. fil. Gal. Nigrinus" ["C. I. L." No. 3783]).
- Attidius Cornelianus. According to a Gerasa inscription ("C. I. G." No. 4661; comp. Add. iii. 1183), and one of Damascus (ib. iii. 129), he was a legate of Syria (160-162). A son of his, or perhaps he himself, was a member of a Syrian priestly caste (see "Prosopographia Imperii Romani," i. 178, Nos. 1116, 1117; "C. I. L." Supplement, No. 14,387d).
- Avidius Cassius. A Syrian by birth, he was, according to the testimony of several inscriptions, legate of Syria from about 164 to about 171 (Volcatius Gallicanus, "Vita Avidii," §§ 5, 6). In 175 he caused himself to be proclaimed emperor by the army under his command, and was recognized as such, especially in Egypt (Wilcken, "Ostraka," No. 939). He was attacked by Marcus Aurelius, and, after a reign of three years, was killed in Syria (Dio Cassius, lxxi. 27; "Prosopographia Imperii Romani," i. 186, No. 1165). It is unlikely that Jews took part in his revolt (Grätz, "Gesch." iv.³ 207).
- Martius Verus. (Dio Cassius, lxxi. 29.)
- Flavius Boethus (after 171). Governor of Syria under Marcus Aurelius; died in office.
- C. Erucius Clarus. Successor of the preceding. (Inscription in Waddington, "Inscriptions Grecques et Latines de la Syrie." No. 1842a, Paris, 1870.)
- Ulplus Arabianus (c. 196). Governor under Severus ("C. I. G." No. 4151).
- Bassianus Caracalla. Afterward emperor; he was probably legate of Syria under his father, Septimius Severus (c. 200), and most likely had to wage war against the Jews; for, according to an obscure notice (Spartian, "Vita Severi," § 16), he won a battle in Syria, and the Senate granted him a "Jewish triumph."
- Timesitheus (Misitheus). "Proconsul prov. Syriæ Palestinæ." He is perhaps identical with the "præfectus prætorio" of the same name under Gordian (Marquardt, "Römische Staatsverwaltung." i. 261, No. 3; perhaps also in Jewish sources; see Krauss in "J. Q. R." xiv. 366; "Rhein. Museum," 1903, p. 627).
- D. Velius Fidus. "Legatus pro prætore Syriæ," according to an inscription ("C. I. L." No. 14,387c; comp. ib., supplementary vol. iii., Berlin, 1902). His time and character are entirely unknown. A certain D. Velius Fidus was in 155 a pontifex ("Prosopographia Imperii Romani," iii. 392, No. 225). If the legate was his grandson, then he may be placed after 200.
- M. Junius Maximus. Legate of the Tenth legion ("Fretensis"), according to a fragmentary inscription found on the road near Jericho (see Germer-Durand in "Revue Biblique," 1895, p. 69; "C. I. L." No. 13,597, in supplementary vol. iii. 2222). The reading is uncertain; and his position and term of office are not known.
- Achæus. Governor under Gallienus (Eusebius, l.c. vii. 15).
- Flavianus (c. 303). Referred to in Eusebius ("De Martyribus Palæstinæ Prœmium," p. 260, in the reign of Valens).
- Urbanus (304). Governor under Diocletian (ib. § 3).
- Firmilianus (c. 308). (Ib. §§ 8, 9, 11.)
- Calpurnius Atilianus. "Legatus provinc. Syriæ Palæstinæ," according to a military brevet in "C. I. L." iii., No. cix.; see supplement. His character and term of office are doubtful. The Calpurnius Atilianus who was consul in 135 was hardly identical with him ("Prosopographia," etc., i. 275, No. 198).
- Ursicinus (351-354). Legate of Gallus; he is frequently mentioned in rabbinical sources.
- Alypius of Antioch (363). He was appointed by Emperor Julian as overseer of the buildings in Jerusalem, the governors of Syria and Palestine being instructed to support film (Ammianus Marcellinus, xxxiii. 1; comp. Grätz, "Gesch." 3d ed., iv. 343).
- Hesychius. A consul; he was on unfriendly terms with the patriarch Gamaliel V., whose documents he stole. On this account he was sentenced to death by Emperor Theodosius the Great (Jerome, "Epistola ad Pammachium"; comp. Grätz, l.c. iv. 356, 450; "R. E. J." xlvi. 230).
According to the "Notitia Dignitatum," an official register which was drawn up c. 400 (ed. Boecking, Bonn, 1839-53), Palestine was, so far as military matters were concerned, under a "dux." At this time, however, the country was so dismembered that one part was under the "dux Syriæ," another under the "dux Phœnices," and another under the "dux Arabiæ," whose names, however, are notknown (see Krauss in Berliner's "Magazin," xix. 227, xx. 105). In 513 there were Byzantine imperial troops in Jerusalem under the "dux Olympius" (Clinton, "Fasti Romani," ii. 557b). The administrative conditions of this period form an object of controversy among scholars. The synopsis given above follows the chronology of Mommsen, who places the division of Syria, Phenicia, and Palestine at about 395-399 (Marquardt, l.c. 1st ed., i. 268). According to Marquardt, Hadrian had already contemplated the division of Syria; and it was carried out by Septimius Severus before 198 (ib. 265). In 535, as appears from the contemporaneous work of Hierocles, there are mentioned: "Palæstina Prima," under a consul; "Palæstina Secunda," under a "præses," and "Palæstina Salutaris" (Jerome, "Quæstiones in Genesin," xxi. 30; see Nöldeke in "Hermes," 1876, x. 164). With so many "præsides" it is no wonder that this new term found entrance into rabbinical writings also (Krauss, "Lehnwörter," ii. 483); but even more frequently is the term "dux" mentioned. With the conquest of Palestine by the Arabs that country enters upon a new era.
- Gerlach, Die Römischen Statthalter in Syrien und Judœa, in Zeitschrift für Lutherische Theologie, 1869;
- Kellner, in Zeitschrift für Katholische Theologie, 1888;
- Grätz, in Monatsschrift, 1877, p. 401 (comp. his Gesch. 4th ed., iii. 724);
- Rohden, De Palœstina et Arabia Provinciis Romanis, Berlin, 1885;
- Marquardt, Römische Staatsverwaltung, 1st ed. (from which the quotations have been taken), pp. 261-266; 2d ed., pp. 411, 419 et seq.;
- Schürer, Gesch. 3d and 4th ed., i. 454-507, 564-585, 642-649, and the extensive literature there given;
- Edershelm, The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, i. 182, London, 1884;
- Borghesi, Œuvres, iv. 160.


text: Returning from a hunting trip in the forest, the Henderson family's car hits an animal in the road. At first they fear it was a man, but when they examine the "body" they find it's a "bigfoot". They think it's dead so they decide to take it home (there could be some money in this). As you guessed, it isn't dead. Far from being the ferocious monster they fear "Harry" to be, he's a friendly giant.


text:
Acetylated Starch Market
The comprehensive research study presented here is a smart interpretation on the Global Acetylated Starch Market that describes significant aspects such as segmentation, competition and the regional analysis present in the report contains a bursting of geographical markets based on factors such as market share, CAGR, production, and consumption. Productivity and accuracy are two of the key features of the report that reflect its authenticity. The report authors have concentrated on Porter's Five Forces analysis, SWOT analysis, and PESTLE analysis of the Acetylated Starch market.
Furthermore, they have focused on qualitative and quantitative analyses to help with a broad understanding of the global Acetylated Starch market. In addition, the report gives powerful suggestions and recommendations to help players to make vigorous development procedures and guarantee amazing deals in the global Acetylated Starch market. The global Acetylated Starch market is esteemed at a million US$ in 2018 is expected to reach a million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of during 2019-2025.
Access PDF version of this Report with and consultation!
The Top Leading players operating in the market, Covered in this Report: Vdelta Co., Ltd, Asia Fructose Co., Ltd., Roquette Group, Banpong Tapioca Flour Industrial Co. Ltd., Visco Starch, Chai Prasit Products Co., Ltd., Tate & Lyle Plc. & More.
The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the competitive landscape including thorough company profiling of top players operating in the global Acetylated Starch market. Readers are given an accurate outlook of the global Acetylated Starch market, which incorporates carefully calculated revenue and volume growth, CAGR, and market share estimations. The report provides precisely prepared statistics that display the comparison of the previously mentioned estimations for all years of the forecast period.
Market Structure
The report contains each and every single edge in market structure analysis to demonstrate how various segments of the global Acetylated Starch market are developing in terms of production, consumption, revenue, volume, and other important factors. The analysts have segmented the global Acetylated Starch market by region, product, and application.
By the product type, the market is primarily split into:
Thickening agent, Emulsifier, Gelling agent, Stabilizing agent, Binding agent
By the end-users/application, this report covers the following segments:
Paper, Food & beverages, Textile, Pharmaceuticals
Regional Segmentation:
• North America (United States, Mexico, and Canada)
• Europe (France, Germany, UK, Russia, and Italy)
• Asia-Pacific (Japan, China, Korea, India, and South-east Asia)
• South America (Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, etc.)
• Middle East and Africa (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa)
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This Strategic Points Covered in TOC:
Chapter 1: Introduction, market overview, market risk and opportunities, market driving forces, product scope of the global market
Chapter 2: Assessing the top manufacturers of the global Acetylated Starch market which consists of its sales, price, and revenue of the products
Chapter 3: Showing the competitive nature among key players, with market share, revenue, and sales
Chapter 4: Introducing global Acetylated Starch market by regions, market share and with sales and revenue for the projected period
Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9: To assess the market by manufacturers, by segments and by countries with revenue share and sales by key countries in these different regions
What will the report include?
• Market Dynamics: The report shares significant data on market drivers, impact factors, opportunities, challenges, and Acetylated Starch market trends as a feature of market dynamics.
• Regional Market Research: It could be separated into two various sections: one for regional production analysis and the other for regional consumption analysis. Here, the research offers revenue, price, gross margin, production, CAGR, and other factors that show the development of all regional markets studied in the report.
• Global Market Forecast: Readers are given with revenue and production forecasts for the global Acetylated Starch market, production and consumption forecasts for regional markets, production, revenue, and price forecasts for the global Acetylated Starch market by type, and consumption forecast for the global Acetylated Starch market by application.
• Market Rivalry: In this segment, the report gives data on competitive scenarios and trends including merger and acquisition and expansion, market shares of the top three or five players, and market focus rate. Perusers could also be furnished with revenue, production, and average price shares by manufacturers.
For a full view of the report details, Reports TOC, Figure and Tables, Click@
Research Methodology
Reports supervise uses reliable primary and secondary research sources to assemble its reports. It additionally depends on the most recent research techniques to get ready highly detailed and accurate research analyses such as this one here. It uses data triangulation, tops down and bottoms up methodologies, and advanced research processes to come out with extensive and industry-best Acetylated Starch market research reports.


text:
The M.O.R.E. AMIS Education Program has been developed to help surgeons master the AMIS approach from the simplest primary hip arthroplasties to the most complex revisions, and has been embraced by hundreds of surgeons worldwide. The International AMIS Education Board is made up of AMIS experts from around the world, who have a thorough understanding of the AMIS technique and a passion for sharing their experience with the global orthopaedic community.
The Master level is the ultimate level of our extensive education program which focuses on difficult cases and revisions. Strengths and key aspects of the AMIS approach are analysed and discussed with the International AMIS Education Board. Emphasis is placed on surgeon-to-surgeon discussion on difficult
clinical cases.
The Revision AMIS Learning Center offers the opportunity to experience a cadaver workshop that includes a variety of strategies to help fracture management along with your chance to operate on complex revision arthroplasties.
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Education does not stop after the first surgeries, it is a continuos process. The Advanced Learning Center focuses on detailed scientific topics that stimulate expert-to-expert open discussion, increase AMIS confidence and widen the patient selection for almost all primary cases. An entire session is focused on clinical cases discussion and surgical tips & tricks reviews. Topic examples are: intraoperative complications and solutions, capsular release, and approach extensions.
Just contact Medacta and we will arrange the AMIS Education Program for you!


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Do I need to download all parts before extracting and why are big games on ApunKaGames are in parts?
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When I extract the game, it asks me for some password. Can you let me know the passwords for Games?
Ans. You will find passwords for the games at the end of every game post, but if you are still unable to find the password, please check our Password Page.
Do I need to extract all parts and can I rename game parts files?
Ans. No, you don't need to extract all parts, just keep all parts in one folder and extract part 1, so all parts can be extracted automatically. On the other hand, you should not rename parts files of the game, because if any part gets renamed the main file won't recognize that part, which could get the file corrupted and you will not be able to play the game.
My WinRAR keeps showing corrupt errors while extracting the game?
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When I install the game my anti-virus or anti-malware program pops-up and shows the game file as a virus. Does your game have a virus?
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Avast Antivirus – Norton Antivirus – AVG Antivirus – Bitdefender – Panda System Security or Antivirus
Why should I disable anti-virus before extracting or installing any game? I'm worried that it can damage my PC by infecting it with a virus or malware.
Ans. First of all, we scan all files using Avast Premium Antivirus to make sure that it doesn't contain any virus or malware. Then we test, and play all these games to give you 100% working and safe games. There is no need to worry. The reason you should disable your anti-virus or malware program before extracting is that if your anti-malware program blocks or otherwise interferes with a game installation, you may end up with an installation failure or error. Disabling or exiting the anti-virus software isn't the same thing as uninstalling it completely. All you need to do is temporarily turn it off during the installation of any game and then re-enable it after the first launch.
How do I mount .bin files?
Ans. You can mount .cue or .iso files using UltraISO (See Video)
How do I apply game cracks?
Ans. Go into the crack folder, copy all files, go to the folder where you installed the game, and replace and add the new files!
Why can I not save the game?
Ans. It is usually not saving because you don't have administrator privilege, in-order to save games you need to run games as administrator.
My game pop-up on a small screen (Windowed). How can I start the game in full-screen or go full-screen?
Ans. In order to get Full-screen, you need to press Alt+Enter and press the same to go back to the Windowed screen again.
Why am I getting errors like (Runtime Errors or Missing MSVCR100 or 110.dll etc..) also more like (Missing dll d3dx3_code or XINput.dll errors) (0xc00007b error). How can I fix these?
Ans. None of these errors or other errors will occur, if you have these softwares installed in your PC.
DirectX 9 – DirectX 11 – Graphic Drivers – Microsoft Visual C++ – .NET Framework
These software are not installed during the window installation process. So you have to install these software manually, It will allow you to run any game without errors.
Can we play Online/Multiplayer in cracked games?
Ans. You can't play online/multiplayer games with a cracked version of the game, because A player must buy the game in order to get access to official game servers to play online, whether it's LAN or hosted online. However, in some games, Yes you can, if the game has l.a.n capabilities then you can use a program like tunngle, Gameranger or hamachi to play games like Borderlands, the world of Warcraft and Minecraft etc.
My windows don't support this old game. How to use compatibility mode to run an old game?
Ans. You can watch our video on How to run programs or games in compatibility mode.


text:
Prospective and Transfer Students
Why should you consider studying Chemistry at CSB/SJU? Here are a few reasons.
- We've completely transformed the chemistry curriculum from a traditional one in which courses are separated into distinct subdisciplines to one which integrates learning across the subdisciplines and better reflects how modern chemistry is done.
- Our new curriculum has received external support in the form of "Transforming Undergraduate Education in the Sciences" grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF).
- We have been leaders in adopting research-supported pedagogy that focuses on student-centered problem-based learning in collaborative teams.
- You will find our courses to be both novel and challenging as you prepare for the competitive work and study environment you will enter after you graduate.
- We have received $1.2 million dollars in NSF grants since 2010 to fund modern instrumentation, the development of our new curriculum, scholarships for under-represented students (FoCuS), and student research.
- Our students demonstrate high performance in nationally-normed chemistry exams from the American Chemical Society and Educational Testing Services.
- We are one of the top thirty liberal arts colleges in the country in terms of baccalaureate origin of Ph.D. graduates in chemistry, a strong indicator of teaching quality.
- Our new curriculum will offer students a choice to obtain a concentration in chemical biology, environmental chemistry, and materials/industrial chemistry.
- Students have a wide range of research opportunities in our department and at outside prestigious research centers.
- The Chemistry faculty work in a tireless and collaborative team to provide the opportunities.
Placement into Courses
Since our new curriculum is unique and integrative from the very start, students arriving with AP credit in chemistry do best to start with our single introductory course, CHEM 125, and the first foundation lab, CHEM 201. Depending on your high school preparation and test scores, you may receive credit for "general" chemistry classes, as described in the following table.
Category |
Description |
Advanced Placement |
Advanced Placement |
Transfer Students |
Transfer Students |
College of Saint Benedict
Saint John's University
Dr. Alicia Peterson
Chair, Chemistry Department
CSB Ardolf Science Center 123 and 246


text:
Before September 11, 2001, China looked at the U.S. with a bit of awe, envy, admiration and even affection that was rooted from the days of being comrade-in-arms against the Japanese Imperial Army. Some of the positive vibes could be traced even further back to the 19th century when the western powers were carving up China and the Americans were the least rapacious.
After 9-11, China's attitude gradually turned skeptical tinged with condescension as China along with the rest of the world saw America embark on a path of self-destruction.
Immediately after the tragic implosion of the twin towers, China's then president Jiang Zemin called the White House to express his concern and sympathy. Then China watched with amazement as the U.S. used the tragedy of 9-11 to launch a war against Iraq.
As if reasserting American values over Al-Qaeda were sufficient pretext, the Bush Administration became obsessed with the so-called liberation of Iraq. The search for fictitious weapons of destruction became the excuse to hunt for Saddam's head.
Sadly, America's subsequent fumble at nation building in Iraq was for the world to see. The gross incompetence, waste, and corruption severely eroded the U.S. prestige and credibility. Mao used to call the U.S. a paper tiger; many in China began to think he may have had a valid point.
Even so, the lesson for China was to witness the American war machine in action. American advanced weapons, especially the missiles and drones remotely controlled by former video game jockeys safely ensconced in bunkers thousands of miles away, were not to be trifled with.
Confrontation with the U.S. was never in China's national interest; after 9-11, staying out of the way of the American ire definitely was. Rather than casting the veto at the Security Council over issues where they disagreed such as Iran or North Korea, China was more likely to abstain than openly disagree with the U.S.
By surprising an American flotilla surrounding the Kitty Hawk with a quiet running submarine and shooting down one of its own satellites, China demonstrated enough military capability to send an occasional signal to the U.S. that the cost of any arms conflict would be too dear to contemplate.
China also began to actively practice soft power around the world, making investments in Africa, Asia, Australia and Latin America. Those investments not only made economic sense but also benefitted the local economy and made friends with the people. There were no strings attached such as imposition of moral values or insistence on what constituted acceptable forms of government.
The day that truly jolted China was September 15, 2008, the day Lehman Brothers collapsed. Suddenly the prospect of holding onto trillions of dollars of questionable value confronted China's central bankers.
Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson in the waning days of the Bush Administration had to fly to Beijing to reassure the Chinese leaders that the value of the dollar would be protected. Secretary of State Hilary Clinton and Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner at the beginning of Obama administration had to do the same.
Most recently, Vice President Joe Biden had to make the pilgrimage to Beijing to once again reassure the Chinese that their dollars will continue to have value even after Congress nearly put the U.S. in default of its sovereign debt.
Of course both sides understood that the grand gesture of reassurance while necessary for appearances sake was an empty one. Until the U.S. economy recovers and the government can generate a budget surplus, the only way the federal government can repay its debt obligations is by printing more money. Printing more money will cheapen the value of the dollar. There is no way to defy this law of fiscal gravity.
The manner in which the U.S. federal government handled the debt crisis offered no assurances to China that the U.S. will find a way out of their financial quagmire. What China has seen was the incredible pettiness of Congress and the inability of the Obama administration to accomplish anything.
Ironically the only time in recent memory that the U.S. Congress unanimously rallied in support of the president (except for one dissenting vote) was to go to war in Iraq. All the other times, politics and paralysis ruled.
Since that fateful 9-11, the value of the dollar has fallen by nearly 20%. The aftermath of the home mortgage induced financial collapse and the flirting of U.S. default have not evoked confidence that a done-little, changed nothing President can find a way to work with the do-nothing Congress and turn the American economy around.
When China began its economic reform more than 30 years ago, the U.S. was the gold standard to aspire to. In the decade since 9-11, the U.S. by any measure has found itself on a downward spiral with no prospect of reversal in sight.
China, on the other hand, has found its own way up. During the recent decade, China has surpassed Germany to be the leading export nation and its economy has surpassed Japan to be the second largest in the world.
China built the Qing-Zang Railway at an elevation that experienced Swiss engineers said couldn't be done. Then China built the largest network of high speed rail in the world and is now offering their technical expertise to the world.
In face of budget cuts, the U.S. has discontinued its space exploration program. China is just beginning theirs. Perhaps this is an apt metaphor for the future of the two nations.
See edited version in New America Media and China-US Focus and People's Daily online.
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text:
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Cambodia is looking for an Individual Contractor to perform the above mentioned assignment. Interested offeror is strongly advised to read the INDIVIDUAL CONSULTANT (IC) PROCUREMENT NOTICE for more detail about term of references, instructions to offeror, and documents to be included when submitting offeror.
Any request for clarification/additional information on this procurement notice shall be communicated in writing to UNDP office or send to email email@example.com and/or email@example.com. While the Procurement Unit would endeavor to provide information expeditiously, only requests receiving at least 5 working days prior to the submission deadline will be entertained. Any delay in providing such information will not be considered as a reason for extending the submission deadline. The UNDP's response (including an explanation of the query but without identifying the source of inquiry) will be posted on this Individual Consultant (IC) Procurement Notice. Therefore, all prospective Offerors are advised to visit this page regularly to make obtain update related to this Individual Consultant (IC) Procurement Notice.
Interested Offerors are required to submit application via UNDP jobsite system as the application screening and evaluation will be done through UNDP jobsite system: https://jobs.undp.org/cj_view_job.cfm?cur_job_id=93398
UNDP reserves right to reject any applications that is incompleted.
Interested individual offeror must submit the following documents/information to demonstrate their qualifications:
Cover letter: Explaining why the Offeror the most suitable for the work;
CV or UNDP Personal History Form (P11), which is available on UNDP website
Offeror's letter to UNDP confirming interest and availability for the Individual Contractor (IC) assignment and Final all-inclusive price proposal with breakdown of costs as per UNDP template
Please be informed that we don't accept application submitted via email.
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text:
Massive Collection of Rare Vinyl Records Found on Remote Air Force Base
A rare vintage vinyl record collection with an estimated value between $90K-$250K has been found in the unlikeliest of places — on a remote Air Force base located in the Pacific Ocean.
The collection, which was found at Wake Island Airfield, is comprised of almost 9,000 records that were specifically made for military audiences, as well as some that were commercially-available.
According to the Air Force, the collection was meant to be used by the American Forces Radio and Television Network as a way to distribute music to troops overseas.
No word on what exactly is in the collection, but sources say that the station operators on the base were big on Top 40 and comedy albums. (So we're going to assume there is a mint condition of 'Weird Al In 3-D' buried somewhere in there.)
Sadly, audiophiles won't get a chance to rifle through the carefully-preserved collection– the entire thing will be shipped to the AFRTN in Virginia. Now we'll never know if there's a pristine copy of 'Pac-Man Fever' that needs a good home.
[via U.S. Air Force]


text:
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Outside of New York, this work is available only for purchase. Within New York, this is work is available for purchase and rent.
Original Artwork
Dimensions: Height 11 in x Width 11 in.
Medium: oil on linen
Outside of New York, this work is available only for purchase. Within New York, this is work is available for purchase and rent.
The work comes with a Certificate of Authenticity signed by the artist.
We offer $50 shipping in the continental U.S. and $20 installation service in the NYC metro area. Return shipping is also $50, but waived if you rent for 6 months or longer. Just shoot us an email and we'll help you safely return the artworks.
Your monthly rental payments accumulate and get deducted from the purchase price if you decide to buy the work.
Born in New York, NY, Works in New York, NY
Following initial studies at the Brooklyn Museum Art School, Peter Colquhoun moved to Italy and at first settled in Venice for 6 months. Later he painted and exhibited in various cities including a solo exhibition at the Fenice Gallery in Venice in 1985. He also taught at a small art school in Casole d'Elsa, Tuscany. After returning from Italy, cityscape became an area of interest and activity as it is to the present day in New York City, his home.
Sunny Chapman
Daniel Kersh
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Jodie Lyn-Kee-Chow
Andrew Psomas
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Troy Medinis


text:
Last month LGN held a contest which frankly was very disappointing.
Only one person officially participated and won by default.
I suspect that it might be because it's hard for many people to find GNU/Linux gaming related news, specially those that weren't yet published on any news website.
Yesterday again the LGN daily visits record was broken, and reached 2,972 visitors (thanks to linux.org.ru), so it's time for another contest…
This time the contest is oriented towards artists and web designers, although anyone can take part in it.
After the first week, LGN settled up on a wordpress theme which doesn't really represent the websites theme – GNU/Linux Gaming News (and I was always too lazy to add the logo banners I've made very long time ago).
So I want you to create a WordPress theme which you think will represent LGN !
The Rules :
1. Must have a 'Linux Gaming News' logo at the top or top left if a mini-logo is used (I've attached 2 logos I've created at the end of this post, you may create others).
2. Must NOT be pornographic/racial/political/hate oriented theme .
3. Must be a WordPress theme which I could easily install (without too much configurations) :
- Can be in a *.zip format which installs trough the WordPress management page.
- Can be uploaded to any wordpress theme website (there are plenty), just upload and sent me the link to get/view it.
4. Must have at least one screenshot so I can put a vote on the LGN website.
5. All the submitted themes must be released by the author under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license (or later) or some other free license.
- If you change/edit an existing theme to create your own work – be sure to have the full rights to do so and release it under the creative commons license (if it isn't already under the CC-BY-SA) or other free license.
How will the winner be chosen ?
The winner will be chosen by the voters (the participators may also vote, but please vote just once), but I will have a veto if the chosen theme will be drastically worse in my opinion then the others or the current theme.
Please do NOT make threads asking people or/and friends to vote for your theme, make it fair and may the best theme win.
The Prizes
The prize will be "Sleep Is Death" which I wrote about earlier.
This game is for artists and level designers (if you want to play the "dungeon master") and will suite this contest well.
In addition to Sleep Is Death the winner could choose from Airline Tycoon Deluxe and Knights And Merchants offered from Wupra.
This contest however is not about the prize, but about the community and creativity.
Please note that your themes may be used for other sites as it will be released under a free license.
As explained in the "Rules" section ALL submitted works must be released by their authors under the Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 license (or later) or some other FREE license.
How to participate in the contest
Please submit all themes to : mb2love [at] gmail (dot) com
The subject of the email must be "For The LGN Contest 2"
The email must contain a .zip file or a link to your theme, and at least one screenshot.
Don't forget to include your name and/or a nick.
Logos (you may create others).
All competitors must send me an email by 30/06/2010.
At the next day the 01/07/2010 I will make a poll on the website so you can vote for the winner which will be up for one week.
After that I will post the results.
Good Luck And May The Best Theme Win !
Linux Gaming News
LGN Contest 1
The winner of the first contest.
Creative Commons
Sleep Is Death
Airline Tycoon Deluxe
Knights and Merchants


text: A lot of natural moms have asked me in the last few months what they can do to avoid using plastic baby bottles. I usually tell them that they can always go with the old standard....glass baby bottles. Nowadays they are super cute and they are actually much safer than plastic when you consider that plastic can leach chemicals. When heated, five of the most popular brands of polycarbonate -- the clear, shatterproof plastic used in baby bottles -- leached bisphenol A at levels that have been … [Read more...]


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Call us: 81 9999 3344
Gift this luxuriant blush of a pure white roses to deliver a flattering message of association. Let the recipient feel the elegance of happiness in a flowery way. This is a lovely smile ornamented with soft petals of elegant white roses. Spread the happiness and fill the day with joy and care to make the day bright for the person.
Give your customers a reason to sign up to your newsletter


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Temperature Histogram
Categories: [ Science ]
I have collected slightly over 10 years worth of hourly tempertature readings in Jyväskylä. The sources of temperature over the years have been the University of Jyväskylä's weather station, the METAR data for Jyväskylä's airport and the Finnish meteorological service which is currently being used; these services together were on average available 98.7% of the time.
The other day I wondered what a histogram of those values would look like, and here it is. The numbers have been rounded to the their closest integer values, and range from -35 °C to +34 °C. One disproportionately large peak large can be observed at 0 °C, probably due to melting ice/freezing water remaing in the sensor's surface and keeping it at exactly that temperature while the air around it would be slightly different (if you have a better explanation, don't hesitate to leave a comment!). Surprisingly, there is a second peak at 13 °C (explanations are welcome too!).
Finally, the average temperature is 4.0 °C, which is consistent wit the average minima (-1.4 °C) and maxima (7 °C) values given on Wikipedia's article about Jyväskylä.


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Video How-To: FastPatch DPR
FastPatch DPR How-to Videos
FASTPATCH DPR (Distressed Pavement Repair) Our most popular line of pavement repair solutions for both Concrete Repair and Asphalt Repair that are fast-curing and ultra-tough! Each Pre-Measured Kit is designed with ready-to-use packaging, containing everything you need to complete your repair.
FASTPATCH DPR is made from 80% recycled & renewable materials - Environmentally friendly and sustainable sources. FastPatch DPR has excellent adhesion, absorbs impact and is freeze-thaw resistant. Easily create smooth transitions and ultra-tough level surfaces. Easy to install and long-lasting!
FastPatch DPR (Distressed Pavement Repair) How-To Video
FastPatch DPR Airport Spall Repair
FastPatch DPR Spall Repair - Highway I-5, CALTRANS
Note: The video below uses the optional asphalt black color agent. For concrete repairs this step is not required and the mixed material will be a concrete gray color. Mixing and application are otherwise similar.
Fastpatch DPR Kit for Asphalt Repair
View or print the FastPatch Overview Brochure
Continue to FASTPATCH DPR Concrete Repair product details.
Continue to FASTPATCH DPR Pourable Asphalt Repair product details.


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Metro Plumb franchise for sale in Bedford
An exciting opportunity has opened to own a rewarding business through a Metro Plumb franchise in Bedford.
Metro Plumb is in high demand nationwide and are now looking to establish a Metro Plumb business in each area to help us service the many clients we have across the whole of the UK, we are looking for ambitious, hard-working, commercially aware individuals that are looking to run their own business via our Franchise model to help us keep up with this demand. There is every possibility that the business will require you to employ staff to keep up with demand and you could find yourself running a small team of plumbers and vans in the not too distant future.
Metro Plumb was founded after recognising a gap in the market for additional services required by our Metro Rod clients, Metro Rod was founded in 1983 and is a leading provider of drain clearance and maintenance services.
A focus of Metro Plumb is to provide a 24/7/365 emergency response service to customers. We are able to do this because of the large support centre team we have in place, as one of our franchisees you will have a team supporting you from training, business set up, marketing, processing quotes, handling enquires to accounts including invoicing and payment collection. Our support centre team handles more than 15,000 calls and 8,000 emails per month serving customers and providing work for our network of franchisees.
Plumbing has remained resilient against recession. Our emergency repair services and regular maintenance contracts have kept Metro Plumb franchisees busy, regardless of the state of the economy.
We have been members of the British Franchising Association (BFA) since 1997 and have won a number of national awards with them.
You will benefit from the associated history of satisfied customers and a well-respected brand name. We serve domestic households along with many national business customers across multiple sectors including facilities management, retail, water utilities, social housing, hospitality and insurance, as well as local businesses and other customers in the private and public sectors.
Here are just a few of the companies that rely on our services:
Cost of buying a Metro Plumb franchise
Metro Plumb requires an investment of £17,000 to acquire your own exclusive territory. As you are able to work from home there is minimal set up fees other than a van and equipment pack both of which we can help you with, which means you will have a fully branded professional looking van and uniform from day one.
To find out more about this Metro Plumb franchise, please fill in the form below. We can answer any questions you may have about the business before expressing an interest in it.
Interested and want to know more?
By clicking the link below, we can send you further information on this franchise resale opportunity and allow you to contact them direct with any questions.
Request further details on this resale
This is FREE and non-obligatory; we never share or sell your personal information.


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10-11-2022 #1
Hi all, the 3D probe shown in the attached photo is being sold on the web by several vendors, ranging from AliExpress through eBay to CNC system sellers. It looks quite nice, having only a 6mm shank and being quite short so good for machines with limited daylight.
Does anyone have any experience with these they could share please?
10-11-2022 #2
Uwe ("suntravel") over on the Centroid Acorn forum uses one of these (or very similar) for tool offset measurement on his lathe. On that basis I just bought one myself although I have no experience of using it yet. Looks quite nicely made and Uwe reckons it's pretty accurate. He knows what he's doing, so it sounds like a good recommendation.
This is the one we got https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005...58861802sWYBON
11-11-2022 #3
Thanks Muzzer, that's useful!
11-11-2022 #4
There is a guy here on the forum @XYZ_Spec also using a similar probe, he seems to like it quite allot:
I was thinking about getting one too, from what I can tell version 6 is the newest one, 3D Touch Probe Edge Finder.Me
11-11-2022 #5
It cost me the normal price of £60 +vat ie £72. However, I see there is a special 11-11 sale on today which seems to discount the price to £54. That is better than a kick in the teeth, although I wish I hadn't looked, as it will cause me some loss of sleep, being a Scottish blooded Yorkshireman and all.
EDIT: Scotsman's nightmare worsens - it's actually available for £45.60 delivered. https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005...001615837864.0Last edited by Muzzer; 11-11-2022 at 06:40 PM.
11-11-2022 #6
I'm sorry but I got a bit carried away this evening and ended up modelling the thing In Fusion. I'm going to integrate it into a toolsetter for the latest CNC lathe, so this is the first part to create. I've stuck it on Grabcad FWIW:
The Following User Says Thank You to Muzzer For This Useful Post:
11-11-2022 #7
I just bit the bullet at £55 all-in.
Just hope it works.
14-11-2022 #8
14-11-2022 #9
Nice, when mine gets here I was going to do a tear down/review of it, I had a similar idea of mounting it to the machine on an arm like the Datron's have, so you can leave it on the machine etc, for completeness I could take some dimensions of the internal parts for you to add to the model if you like?
14-11-2022 #10
It's possible I could model the internals but I'm not convinced it would be valuable as I don't plan to substitute any internal parts. My main interest is mounting it on my machine on an arm fitted to the tailstock.
Note that there's a pretty good exploded assembly drawing on the various websites.
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In last month's election, Latino voters sided solidly with the Democrats. That continued a decades-long trend, but it's one that is increasingly worrisome to Republicans.
In one of several outreach efforts, former GOP House Speaker Newt Gingrich has started a website called The Americano, which sponsored a two-day forum in Washington, D.C., this week. Gingrich called it a place for conservatives and others to exchange ideas from a Latino perspective.
"Margaret Thatcher used to say, 'First, you win the argument, then you win the vote.' Well, in order to win the argument, you have to have an argument," Gingrich said as he opened the forum on Thursday. "And we have to have a space in which anybody who wants to can pile on. Bring ideas. Talk about concepts."
Gingrich's efforts are part of an increasingly aggressive GOP push for Latino votes. Conservative think tanks are starting Spanish-language blogs. More sessions like Gingrich's are likely, as well.
The numbers make clear what's motivating the outreach campaign: By the year 2050, Latinos are projected to make up 25 percent of the U.S. population. In 2008, candidate Barack Obama won 67 percent of the Latino vote. And in this year's big GOP sweep, Democrats still got 60 percent of the Latino vote.
A Disconnect
About 350 people attended the forum sponsored by The Americano. They came from businesses, universities and the world of politics.
Lionel Sosa, a veteran ad executive, has worked on seven Republican presidential campaigns. "I believe that we are missing a great opportunity," Sosa said. "We as Republicans are not really emphasizing what brings us together, and that's conservative values: love of the country. Love of family. Personal responsibility. Hard work. Optimism. Those are the things that we should be communicating to Latinos, and we're doing that very poorly."
Most of the conference attendees called themselves conservatives, and as Republicans, they are in the minority within the Latino community.
"In being a conservative, I find myself that I also disconnect tremendously with where, at least right now, the Republican Party, or large parts of the Republican Party, are," said Gustavo Bujanda, a vice president at a Dallas public relations firm.
He was talking about immigration, and the tough language Republicans often use when debating the issue. Former Colorado congressman and presidential candidate Tom Tancredo's name came up a lot at the conference.
This, from a speech during his 2008 run for the GOP presidential nomination, is vintage Tancredo: "We see our communities turning into what Theodore Roosevelt called 'polyglot boardinghouses,' made up of immigrants who refuse to assimilate and refuse to speak English. These candidates will start using answers with phrases like 'comprehensive solution' when they're talking about immigration and mean 'amnesty.' "
Bujanda says such words, though not representative of Republicans as a whole, send a message about the party -- as does the controversial Arizona immigration law.
"When I hear members of the extreme right of the Republican Party speak in the language that they do about immigration," he says, "I, frankly, take offense -- because there's something about me that they don't like."
So, Bujanda says, in addition to outreach to Latino voters, there needs to be outreach to the party itself.
Countering Democrats
The conference featured a lot of such dialogue, during formal sessions, but also in hallways and over meals.
And despite the talk of making a positive case for Latinos to embrace Republicans whose core ideals match theirs, there was also plenty of frustration that Democrats are viewed so much more favorably by Latino voters.
As Sosa put it: "I don't think that the Democrats are doing anything right. They certainly haven't delivered on the promise of creating more jobs for Latinos. They have not delivered on the promise of bringing immigration reform up to the forefront. They had a sitting president; they had both houses of Congress. They could have done something, but they did nothing."
This conference was just one part of the Republicans' outreach to Latinos. It's a long-term project -- though the party would like to see some dividends as early as 2012.
Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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One of a kind, audrey is the must-have jewel in the wardrobe of a sophisticated woman with a strong character. An iconic, timeless model, after painstaking research, its first prototype was created in 2019, to be launched shortly afterwards under the signature graziella braccialini. Its flap pockets are updated on an ongoing basis using innovative and complex techniques, embellished with high-quality details and a strong visual impact. An ideal jewel for those who want to make an exclusive, extravagant and refined accessory their own, studied in every smallest detail. |
Monochrome with contrasting bellows, this flap closure has a jewel-click and removable shoulder strap. |
*We usually ship in one working day
Any delays in customs procedures do not depend on Braccialini


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What color lace is best suited to my skin tone?
You want to match the lace color with your scalp complexion not your skin tone. This is because when you part the unit, you want it to appear as your natural scalp color. So to check your scalp color part your hair and look at the color of your scalp to determine your lace color.
Follow These Guidelines - Lace Choice Color:
Transparent: For White, Off White or Cream scalp tones.
Ie. Liv Tyler, Jessica Simpson, Jenna Jameson, Charlize Theron etc.
Medium Brown: For Light Beige or Beige scalp tones.
Ie: Ciara, Eva Mendez, Eva Longoria
Light Brown: For Light Brown scalp tones.
Ie. Tyra Banks, Beyonce, Alica Keys, Rihanna
Dark Brown: For Dark Brown scalp tones.
Ie. Naomi Campbell, Serena Williams, Kelly Rowland


text: Chocolate chocolate cake caramels jujubes cake fruitcake liquorice. Gummies cotton candy sweet biscuit. Jelly beans tart pastry wafer. Marzipan marshmallow cake danish powder pie lemon drops applicake. Pudding jujubes candy sesame snaps gingerbread candy croissant chocolate cake tiramisu. Ice cream jelly-o tootsie roll croissant tootsie roll. Pastry danish marshmallow. Ler mais


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Purple & White Senegal Handmade Bread Basket
Handmade Senegalese bread basket
Unique, handmade baskets from Senegal
When it comes to finding the perfect decorative item for your home, nothing quite compares to a handmade Senegalese Handmade Bread Basket. Not only are these bread basket uniquely beautiful and eye-catching, colorful but they also serve a number of purposes.
Senegalese handmade basket
- Approximately 14 H x 9 W x 2 D.
- Each basket is hand woven; expect + or – 1.5″ variations in dimensions
- MATERIALS: Made from grass and colorful recycled plastic ribbons
- ORIGIN: Made in Senegal – West Africa. Hand-woven by Wolof women
CLEANING: Clean with a damp cloth.
Custom Size:
We can do any size and shape. Please contact Us.
Please note:
All of our products are handmade, delicate, and one-of-a-kind. Products may vary slightly in size and design from photos. You might find little defects on them. Please accept them as natural and handmade charms when purchasing.
We use recycled materials for basket wrapping. It is necessary because it should be protected well for a long journey until your place. Please accept our effort for an eco-friendly stance.
Respect to my Brave Talented Senegal Basket Weaver
The Wolof people in Senegal are known for weaving colorful baskets from locally harvested cattail stalks and strips of plastic. They weave handmade baskets of different sizes and shapes over banter and shared laughs. These groups of women empower themselves and their tribe through the practice of this traditional craft.


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"Pride" (Provincetown, Mass.), by Will Pollock
Tweet from
@GStuedlerTweet from
DaveyWavey# # #
UPDATE: Jack Lessenberry imagines a fictitious United States response with Al Gore as president. Money quote: "Yet it would be nice if, a century from now, we remembered it as a sad milestone that started the process of greater understanding."


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Selling Exceptions to the GNU GPL
by Richard StallmanSelling exceptions means that the copyright holder of the code releases it to the general public under a valid free software license, then separately offers users the option of paying for permission to use the same code under different terms, for instance terms allowing its inclusion in proprietary applications.
We must distinguish the practice of selling exceptions from something crucially different: purely proprietary extensions or versions of a free program. These two activities, even if practiced simultaneously by one company, are different issues. In selling exceptions, the same code that the exception applies to is available to the general public as free software. An extension or a modified version that is only available under a proprietary license is proprietary software, pure and simple, and just as wrong as any other proprietary software. This article is concerned with cases that involve strictly and only the sale of exceptions.
We must also distinguish selling exceptions from dual licensing, which means releasing the program under a choice of licenses. With dual licensing, each user can choose to use the program under either one of the licenses, or under both in parallel for activities that fit both. (Thus, redistributors normally pass along both of the licenses.) For instance, Perl was distributed for many years under a dual license whose alternatives were the GNU GPL and the Artistic License. That is not necessary any more because version 2 of the Artistic License is compatible with the GNU GPL.
In selling exceptions, the exception's terms are not a second license that the program is released under. Rather, they are available only to those users that buy an exception. The only license that the release carries is the GNU GPL, so this is not dual licensing.
We must distinguish selling of exceptions from the usual kind of "exception to the GPL," which simply gives all users permission to go beyond the GPL's conditions in some specific way. These exceptions are governed by section 7 of the GNU GPL. Selling exceptions is legally independent of the GNU GPL. To avoid confusion it is best not to refer to exceptions that are sold as "exceptions to the GPL."
I've considered selling exceptions acceptable since the 1990s, and on occasion I've suggested it to companies. Sometimes this approach has made it possible for important programs to become free software.
The KDE desktop was developed in the 90s based on the Qt library. Qt was proprietary software, and TrollTech charged for permission to embed it in proprietary applications. TrollTech allowed gratis use of Qt in free applications, but this did not make it free/libre software. Completely free operating systems therefore could not include Qt, so they could not use KDE either.
In 1998, the management of TrollTech recognized that they could make Qt free software and continue charging for permission to embed it in proprietary software. I do not recall whether the suggestion came from me, but I certainly was happy to see the change, which made it possible to use Qt and thus KDE in the free software world.
Initially, they used their own license, the Q Public License (QPL)—quite restrictive as free software licenses go, and incompatible with the GNU GPL. Later they switched to the GNU GPL; I think I had explained to them that it would work for the purpose.
Selling exceptions depends fundamentally on using a copyleft license, such as the GNU GPL, for the free software release. A copyleft license permits embedding in a larger program only if the whole combined program is released under that license; this is how it ensures extended versions will also be free. Thus, users that want to make the combined program proprietary need special permission. Only the copyright holder can grant that, and selling exceptions is one style of doing so. Someone else, who received the code under the GNU GPL or another copyleft license, cannot grant an exception.
When I first heard of the practice of selling exceptions, I asked myself whether the practice is ethical. If someone buys an exception to embed a program in a larger proprietary program, he's doing something wrong (namely, making proprietary software). Does it follow that the developer that sold the exception is doing something wrong too?
If that implication were valid, it would also apply to releasing the same program under a noncopyleft free software license, such as the X11 license. That also permits such embedding. So either we have to conclude that it's wrong to release anything under the X11 license—a conclusion I find unacceptably extreme—or reject the implication. Using a noncopyleft license is weak, and usually an inferior choice, but it's not wrong.
In other words, selling exceptions permits limited embedding of the code in proprietary software, but the X11 license goes even further, permitting unlimited use of the code (and modified versions of it) in proprietary software. If this doesn't make the X11 license unacceptable, it doesn't make selling exceptions unacceptable.
There are three reasons why the FSF doesn't practice selling exceptions. One is that it doesn't lead to the FSF's goal: assuring freedom for each user of our software. That's what we wrote the GNU GPL for, and the way to achieve this most thoroughly is to release under GPL version 3-or-later and not allow embedding in proprietary software. Selling exceptions wouldn't achieve this, just as release under the X11 license wouldn't. So normally we don't do either of those things: we release under the GPL only.
Another reason we release only under the GPL is so as not to permit proprietary extensions that would present practical advantages over our free programs. Users for whom freedom is not a value might choose those nonfree versions rather than the free programs they are based on—and lose their freedom. We don't want to encourage that.
There are occasional cases where, for specific reasons of strategy, we decide that using a more permissive license on a certain program is better for the cause of freedom. In those cases, we release the program to everyone under that permissive license.
This is because of another ethical principle that the FSF follows: to treat all users the same. An idealistic campaign for freedom should not discriminate, so the FSF is committed to giving the same license to all users. The FSF never sells exceptions; whatever license or licenses we release a program under, that is available to everyone.
But we need not insist that companies follow that principle. I consider selling exceptions an acceptable thing for a company to do, and I will suggest it where appropriate as a way to get programs freed.


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When you can't keep your tiny explorer from climbing all over everything, they need to get outside and experience the climbing they need on their playground. Save your sofas and tables from miniature destruction. Getting fresh air while climbing rock walls, climbing ropes or rope ladders is a way for kids to burn off energy. It is healthy and fun. These ropes and ladders bring out the rough, rugged and adventurous side of your child. Getting strength and endurance while having fun off the ground is a great opportunity.
Make their swing set more entertaining by adding a climbing rock wall or one of our many other climbing accessories. Updating your current set? We have great replacements. They include rope ladders, knotted climbing rope, ball climbing rope, cargo net, fort ladder, composite sand rocks, rock wall panels, small textured rocks, and large textured rocks. Our textured rock holds include the hardware to attach to your wall. Our rope ladders comes in 4 sizes to allow a great fit to your set. Our ball ropes come in several color options including red, blue, green, yellow and pink. All of our climbing items are easy to attach and some require little to no hardware.
Have questions regarding fit, attachment or need measurements? Feel free to contact us and we would love to help. Give your kids the rock wall they have always wanted. Add that final touch to their fort with a fort ladder. Make their play set the best one in the neighborhood!


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At AccessBit we are constantly developing new technologies so that we can offer our clients a new approach and technological individuality. Internet technology advances constantly, so why should your website use the same old standards?
Together we can pave the way and develop new standards in the industry.
AccessBit, Inc. is a Digital Production Company specializing in strategy, design, website development, Content Management Solutions (CMS), Customer Relation Management Solutions (CRM) and other web application development needs.
We cater from very small business to large enterprises. We have small business department to serve the small business solution needs.
As well as we have Enterprise Division, this serves to our Enterprise customers for their needs.
Our core Development team is located in the United States and our offshore development team located in India.
We design websites for individuals, small & medium Businesses, and develop custom web applications for Enterprise customers, and non-profit organizations.
AccessBit is constantly developing new ideas and evolving with the ever-changing technologies in order to offer our clients new approaches and technological individuality.
By utilizing talented minds with excellent skills and by building relationships with like-minded companies around the world, AccessBit, Inc. is able to offer clients a fresh approach with modest costs. We have established working relationships with companies in other countries that meet high standards of excellence and are able to cater to AccessBit clients.
These offshore companies are managed internally with strict guidelines for coding excellence.
AccessBit was founded in 1998 in Chicago, Illinois and relocated to Atlanta, Georgia in 2007. The Group's service portfolio includes various company website and application developments to include: VooCap.com, GridlineX.com, ExploreStudios.com, VoobonVentures.com, HostBit.com and many more. They have also developed and designed custom applications with interactive capabilities.
At AccessBit, we don't stop at great technology. We make our expertise and experience available to our customers in a variety of ways. Do you need some additional technical support to ensure your solution is optimized for your requirements? We can help you. Would you like some additional training to make sure your teams become experts on the project that you requested to implement? We'll train your employees and executives. We believe in that your success means our success! We view our relationships with customers as ongoing partnerships, and we're here to ensure your success right out of the gate, and into the foreseeable future.
We welcome you to visit our website and please browse through various segment of our work and learn more about our company. Please contact us by clicking "contact us" link. We love to hear from you, your feedback, request for quote. We are here to server you and design breath taking websites and let the digital technology cherish our world!