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From applesauce to dark chocolate to air-popped popcorn and more … this list is a fun thing to print and hang on your fridge whenever you need something healthy, salty or sweet for a mid-afternoon or late-night snack. For more healthy snack ideas, check out our Healthy Snacks Board.
How many times have you gone into a restaurant and saw yummy-looking sliders advertised on the menu? The only problem is, those sliders are typically packed with saturated fat and calories. So if you're doing well towards a healthier lifestyle, chances are you'll skip the sliders and choose something that's a little better for you. That's why this recipe is the perfect solution – it allows you to enjoy the deliciousness of the restaurant from your own home - and for only 169 calories per serving. Enjoy! For more healthy recipes, check out our Recipe Board.
If you happen to be a nurse, doctor, EMT or work in any medical field, this fun skeleton and "brain" dip recipe would be the perfect addition for a entertaining side-dish at any work party. It's super healthy (lots of fruits and veggies), but is sure to invoke lots of smiles at your party. For more fun food options, check out our Food Fun Board.
Hey, tomatoes sometimes need lifelines too. What else are you going to use ketchup packets for? For more food humor, check out our Food Humor Board.
Taking it step-by-step is an important philosophy to apply to all aspects of your life. That's why we love this bit of random goodness, which shows you exactly how to take those steps towards losing weight and getting healthy. It's not just about saying to yourself, "I'm struggling with living healthy and I want to lose weight." It's about exactly how to get there, and this chart can really help you along the way. For more random goodness, check out our Random Goodness Board.
We all have heard this term, and for many of us a slow metabolism can be about as frustrating as spilling coffee all over your new white blouse when you get out of the car to head into work that morning. Some people are lucky enough to be blessed with an incredibly fast metabolism naturally. The rest of us? Well, we have to work at it. This fun information chart gives you some great insight into what metabolism is and how you can control yours. For further health information we love, check out our Health Information Board.
If you follow a blog, Tweet about healthy living or even just scan Facebook once in a while, chances are you hear about runners all the time. You may say to yourself that you can't be one of them, that your body is just not predisposed to moving that fast. But hold on. Have you ever really tried it? If not, maybe now is a good time to start. And that's why this handy little guide is so perfect. It takes you on a step-by-step, week-by-week journey to joining the ranks of runners. Try it out, and really make yourself proud. For more fitness routines, check out our Fitness Board.
One of the biggest struggles people run into when trying to lose weight is doing too much too quickly. That's why this is such an important piece of information. Rather than setting unrealistic expectations for yourself, take this piece of advice for something you can really get behind. Make one small change a day, such as skipping dessert, let them accumulate so that by the end of the week you've made 7 small changes, repeat every week, and you'll start seeing the changes you desired. It's that easy! For further fitness information, check out our Fitness Board.
Living with fear is no way to live at all. And this means any kind of fear. Fear of failure. Fear of success. Fear of starting. Fear of stopping. Change is inevitable, so why not get a jumpstart on change and make it for yourself? No matter how old you are, how long you've been struggling or what your excuse is, it's not too late to make an about-face in life and work your way towards a healthier you. The last thing you want is to look back on your life and be filled with regret because you were afraid of turning over a new leaf. For further motivation, check out our Motivational Board.
It's true – calories provide the base building-block for determining what food goes into your body. People use them to measure all aspects of weight loss – calories in, calories out. This info-graphic takes you through calories in a visual way that helps us really understand how calories work, and how many more calories Americans consume versus other countries. We also love that it shows some everyday activities you can do to burn calories, such as mowing the lawn, walking the dog and even cleaning the house. For more nutritional information we love, check out our Nutritional Information Board.
Author: Caitlin H
Diet-to-Go Community Manager
Caitlin is a journalist by trade and an avid runner. She is passionate about maintaining a healthy, active lifestyle and encouraging people to engage in common-sense eating. Caitlin believes a well-rounded life is all about balancing fitness with nutrition that incorporates all aspects of food and proper portion-sizes.
Follow Caitlin on Twitter @CaitlinHendee.


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MetroLink Work Schedule May 28 through June 2
Patti Beck
Interim Director of Communications
Work is scheduled on the MetroLink system Tuesday, May 28, through Sunday, June 2. Passengers may experience short delays in the work zones or be transferred to a Shuttle Train. The affected areas of the MetroLink system are:
• College Station
• Shiloh-Scott Station
To perform track work between College Station and Shiloh-Scott Station, regular MetroLink service will end at College Station for the Red Line Tuesday through Thursday nights (May 28-30) and Sunday night (June 2) beginning at 8 p.m. until the end of service. Customers who normally use the Shiloh-Scott Station are encouraged to use College Station after 8 p.m. on affected dates to avoid delays. This schedule is expected to continue Monday through Thursday nights and Sunday nights through September.
• Eastbound Red Line passengers wishing to travel to Shiloh-Scott Station will board a Shuttle Train at College Station to continue to Shiloh-Scott Station. Shiloh-Scott passengers may encounter delays of 20 to 25 minutes.
• Westbound Red Line passengers at Shiloh-Scott Station will board a Shuttle Train there and ride to College Station, where they can board a regular in-service westbound train. Shiloh-Scott passengers may encounter delays of 20 to 25 minutes.
• Blue Line service will not be affected.
Updates on MetroLink operations can be found at www.metrostlouis.org in the Rider Alert section.
The Bi-State Development Agency/Metro (BSDA/Metro) is the operator of the Metro public transportation system for the St. Louis region, which includes the 87 vehicle, 46-mile MetroLink light rail system; 374 MetroBus vehicle fleet that operates on 75 MetroBus routes; and Metro Call-A-Ride, a paratransit fleet of 121 vans.
BSDA/Metro also owns and operates St. Louis Downtown Airport and its surrounding industrial business park, and the Gateway Arch Riverboats, as well as operates the Gateway Arch Revenue Collections Center, the Gateway Arch Transportation System, and the Gateway Arch Parking Facility.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sting Is Reportedly Renting a Swanky New Fortress Around His Heart
Sting and Trudie Styler reportedly have a new address in New York City — and it ranks among the most ultra high-class apartment buildings in town.
Word on the couple's new address comes from the New York Post, where it's reported that they're among the first residents at the recently rented "ultraluxe" digs at 520 W. 28th Street, which were designed by "starchitect" Dame Zaha Hadid. Amenities at the building, which can be explored at its official site, are said to include a "robotic car parking service" as well as the city's first IMAX theater, a 24-hour juice bar and all the absurdly high-end gym equipment and spa services one might expect.
You can see photos below.
Although the report is anonymously sourced, it's true that Sting and Styler have been between New York homes for a short spell — as the Post also reported last fall, the pair sold its Central Park West duplex for an impressive $50 million. They purchased the space in 2008, for a comparatively low $27 million.
Wherever Sting might happen to be calling home, he won't be around to enjoy it much over the next several months: the former Police frontman is heading out on tour this summer to support 44/876, his new collaborative album with reggae star Shaggy. Due for release April 20, the LP will be followed by a series of European dates that's set to begin June 19 in Bulgaria and run through early August in Italy. Look over a complete list of currently announced shows at Sting's official site.


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Effective Date December 6th, 2010


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Affordable Luxurious Holidays
Advertiser Disclosure: The credit card presents that appear on this web site are from credit card corporations from which receives compensation. It sucks to be on your own once you're sick, but does not occur often. Southwest Airlines flies to 85 completely different airports throughout the country, in addition to 11 places throughout the Caribbean – frequent holidays pots resembling Costa Rica and Jamaica. Receive 40,000 miles once you spend $3,000 throughout the first three months. My difficult lighting check produced images that have been grainy when zoomed in. The nighttime metropolis street picture was also grainier and blurrier than different cameras in similar circumstances.
The Sapphire Reserve additionally lets cardholders switch factors on a one-to-one foundation to standard airline and hotel loyalty packages corresponding to United MileagePlus, Southwest Airways, Hyatt, Marriott and IHG Rewards," says private finance expert Holly Johnson. Verdict: A rugged low-value camera that the whole family can use easily, and which produces cool photographs for posting to social media.
The miles you earn with the Barclaycard Arrival Plus® World Elite Mastercard® are finest used as journey statement credit score – this qualifies you for an additional 5{de2140a44e893d23cb1b7800796470bb702448f24c4102f32a39375698b6c69f} factors dividend. An annual membership prices $119 and gets you as many swaps as you possibly can handle in a 12 months. Chase has trimmed the Sapphire Reserve's famously high one hundred,000-factors sign-up bonus to 50,000 points, but even with a cut in its ridiculously lucrative signal-up bonus, the Reserve remains the standard-bearer for serious vacationers on the lookout for a card to lighten their price range," says Money Journal's Taylor Tepper.
Earn 2 miles on each greenback spent on purchases made instantly with Delta. All values are based on our own estimates for the greenback worth of any factors, miles or bonuses earned utilizing a card. I'm planning for a world tour with my associates that point we're positively considering above mentioned factors for making our journey memorable. I started traveling when I was 29, and spend a median of $1000-$1500 a month on travel.
One of many coolest features of the Starwood Preferred Guest® Credit score Card from American Categorical is that for every 20,000 Starpoints you switch to an airline, you get 5,000 bonus points. Earn unlimited 2X miles per dollar on every purchase, daily. A round-trip from Boston to Los Angeles would require 10,500 points (traveling throughout three zones), in Economic system class.


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Refrigerator and Freezer are in good working condition. Water and Ice Maker is unknown and sold as is. Please note in the pictures for any staining/discoloration or scuffs/scratches.
30 day warranty (does not apply to the water or ice maker)
**everything is first come first serve**
Contact for payment, pick-up or delivery options.
We offer free drop off delivery up to 20 miles from our store (1885 Suburban Ave St. Paul MN 55119)
Further distance is an option for extra cost.
Carry in is also available for an additional charge.


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Biography: Cees Rijnen was born in Tilburg, the Netherlands. As a commercial photographer for many years Cees has built a reputation as a specialist in photography as well as in film, resulting in remarkable portraits of people, products or services. To inspire and refresh his visions on his professional work Cees has this other great passion in life: travelling and exploring. During his latest journeys in Myanmar he started documenting people in their habitat and intensified his unique language in images to a perfectly balanced mix of illusion and reality.
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Luftwaffe and Axis Air Forces Please use this forum to discuss the German Luftwaffe and the Air Forces of its Allies. |
Thread Tools | Display Modes |
Luftwaffe fighter losses in Tunisia
I found the loss figures for the Luftwaffe in the Mediterranean area suspiciously high in Williamson Murrays Luftwaffe (published in 1985). According to Williamson Murray, the Luftwaffe lost no less than 282 aircraft, including 124 fighters, in the Mediterranean area in January 1943 alone. (Murray, Luftwaffe, p. 211.)
These figures give a completely different impression than the picture one gets through Christopher Shoress very detailed Air War over Tunisia. (In the latter book, Shores conclusion is that the Luftwaffes fighters held the upper hand in the air combats and generally sustained relatively few losses in air combat.) If we go to another book which is quite similar to Murrays Luftwaffe, and also based on a wealth of original documents, namely E. R. Hootons Eagle in Flames: The Fall of the Luftwaffe (published in 1997; ref. p. 221), we will find completely different figures: Here is a comparison of loss figures for the Luftwaffe in the Mediterranean in Murrays and Hootons books - all aircraft types included: Jan 1943: Murray: 282. Hooton: 105 Feb 1943: Murray: 206. Hooton: 99 Hootons figures are more in line with other sources - not only with Shoress Air War over Tunisia, but above all with the official Flugzeugbestand und Bewegungsmeldungen and the daily returns to Generalquartiermeister der Luftwaffe. Due to Flugzeugbestand und Bewegungsmeldungen and the daily returns to Generalquartiermeister der Luftwaffe, the Luftwaffe fighter units in the Mediterranean sustained the following aircraft losses in air combat in January 1943: II./JG 2: 2 JG 27: 0 II./JG 51: 7 JG 53: 8 JG 77: 15 Total sum: 32. That should be compared with Murrays figure of 124 Luftwaffe fighters lost in the Mediterranean in January 1943! The character of the air fighting in the Mediterranean through January 1943 is clearly displayed by the statistics for the Luftwaffe fighter units: 269 victory claims against 32 own aircraft lost in combat. (Among those 269 victory claims, Heinz Bär was responsible for 13 and Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert for 10.) Since I dont have Shoress Air War over Tunisia here - which contains most losses sustained by both sides - the only source I have for Allied losses is a quite unreliable, and probably sweetened British public source from WW II itself (i.e. publicly issued in 1943). Due to that source, the Allies lost 151 aircraft (78 fighters and 73 bombers) in air combat over Tunisia in January 1943. This figure probably is lower than the actual figure, but even this figure gives a relation of five Allied aircraft shot down in air combat for every Luftwaffe fighter shot down in air combat. The actual Allied losses in air combat probabably were higher than those wartime released figures. (Shores's research in "Air War over Tunisia" shows that only a small part of Allied losses in Tunisia were due to Italian fighters.) How shall we explain Murrays unique and very high figures, when other sources give considerably lower figures? Maybe Murray used outdated and erroneous material - after all his book was published 20 years ago. BTW, E. R. Hootons conclusion about the air war in Tunisia reads: The Jagdgruppen exploited conditions similar to those in Russia a year earlier and inflicted heavy losses: om 4 December Oberleutnant Julius Meimbers 11./JG 2 annihilated 11 Blenheim V bombers of Nos 18 and 614 Squadrons and on 13 March JG 77 wiped out seven P-39s, while experienced US 33rd Fighter Group was reduced from 75 to 13 fighters and withdrawn to Morocco. (p. 220.) As an indication of the Luftwaffe fighters effectivity - in the face of an Allied numerical superiority in Tunisia in January 1943 of 600 aircraft against 140 German and 288 Italian (Hooton, p. 219) - II./StG 3 and III./StG 3 flew successful operations against the Allied positions throughout January 1943 wihout more than two Ju 87s being registered as lost due to enemy fighters. (Another four Ju 87s were registered lost due to Feindbeschuss or unknown reasons.) Moreover, III./SKG 10 also flew fighter-bomber missions thoughout January 1943, without losing more than a single aircraft to Allied fighter interception. (Arthy & Jessen, Fw 190 in North Africa, pp. 153 - 154.) It would be great if anyone could contribute with some facts (supported by source references). Maybe someone here has access to the figures of actual Allied aircraft losses in Tunisia in January 1943? |
Hello Christer
have You checked Michael Holms pages. I checked only a old print (5.6.200) for II/JG 51, and according to it II/JG 51 lost in Jan. 43 durch Feindeinw. 9 Bf 109Gs and ohne Feindeinw. 9 Bf 109Gs that makes 18. And if I added the figures right the JG 77 lost 56 Bf 109s in Jan .43. I haven't time to try to dig out Allied losses and I doubt that I can add the complete figure from my info fracments. HTH a little bit Juha |
The website you refer to lists all aircraft above 10 % damage degree. Losses of 60 % damage degree and above were total losses, i.e. destroyed. All other aircraft were in repairable condition. In fact, II./JG 51 registered not 18, but 19 aircraft sustaining damage from 10 % damage degree and above in January 1943. The breakdown is as follows: 60 % damage degree and above (i.e. destroyed) to hostile action: 7 Below 60 % damage degree (i.e. repairable) to hostile action: 3* 60 % damage degree and above (i.e. destroyed) not to hostile action: 6 Below 60 % damage degree (i.e. repairable) not to hostile action: 3 (* = There is one record of a Bf 109 G-2 Bauchlandung nach Luftkampf mit Bomber, and it seems as though the damage it received could have been below 10%. That probably is the reason why the total on the website which Juha refers to gives 18, while I found 19. But I decided to include it, since it was included in the returns to Generalquartiermeister.) You may count all damaged aircraft if you like, but that doesnt show real losses, does it? As an example, we all know - for instance - that US 8th Air Force lost 64 heavy bombers during the operation against Schweinfurt and Regensburg on 17 August 1943. No one includes the damaged aircraft to say that the Americans lost 232 heavy bombers on that day (which would give a horrific loss rate of 73.6 % for a single major mission). (All figures from Freeman, Mighty Eighth War Diary, pp. 89 - 90.) JG 77s daily loss returns to Generalquartiermeister totals 68 aircraft which received any kind of damage from 10% and above, to all causes. But only 15 of these were shot down by the enemy and destroyed. You may count as you wish, but if you are going to include also aircraft which were damaged in take-off accidents etc, you have to compare it with similar figures on the Allied side. Since there were more Allied aircraft than Axis aircraft, and thus logically more Allied aircraft which encountered no enemy aircraft on missions, the number of aircraft lost or damaged due to accidents as a share of all aircraft which were lost or damaged ought to have been higher on the Allied side. Since the relation between aircraft shot down & destroyed and all aircraft destroyed or damaged to all causes is 1:4 for II./JG 51 and JG 77 in Tunisia in January 1943, the relation in the Allied air forces in the same area in January 1943 can be estimated to have been at least 1:5. Thus, if we include all of JG 77s and II./JG 51s damaged and destroyed aircraft to all causes, those two units would have lost altogether 87 aircraft through January 1943. I think you solved it, Juha! Probably that was how Williamson Murray got his figures! Out of 32 German fighters shot down and destroyed in the Mediterranean in January 1943, a total of 22 (= nearly 70 %) were from II./JG 51 and JG 77. If we add all aircraft which received any kind of damage from 10 % and above to any reason, the figures for II./JG 51 and JG 77 in January 1943 are 87. And 87 equals 70 % of Murrays figure of 124 for German fighter losses in the Mediterranean in January 1943. Let us now compare that figure with an estimated corresponding number on the Allied side. Lets assume that the British wartime published figure of 151 Allied aircraft (78 fighters and 73 bombers) lost in air combat over Tunisia in January 1943 is correct. (The actual figure probably is higher than what the British admitted to the press in 1943.) Now, if we estimate according to the relations above, we would arrive at a figure of 755 Allied aircraft lost in Tunisia in January 1943, according to that way of counting: 390 fighters and 365 bombers. I suggest that we stick to the classical way of counting, namely that we confine our comparison to aircraft shot down and destroyed. So we still have at least 151 Allied aircraft shot down and destroyed versus 32 German fighters shot down and destroyed. At least we now know how Murray got those exaggerated numbers; they dont represent losses, but both aircraft destroyed and aircraft damaged. Funny, though, that he seems to be comparing apples with pears. I found that he gives the figure 332 destroyed aircraft on the Eastern Front for September 1942; those figures relate only to aircraft totally destroyed and do not include damaged aircraft - of those, 277 were destroyed due to hostile action. Maybe Murray put together figures from various sources, where all Eastern Front figures were only destroyed aircraft, while the Mediterranean figures obviously included both damaged and destroyed? However, not even that theory holds. While Murray includes all aircraft with even a damage degree above 10 % to all causes for the Mediterranean in January 1943, his figure for the Eastern Front in January 1943 is inexplicably low: 85. But the number of transport planes alone (He 111s not included) which were destroyed due to hostile action on the Eastern Front is 79 in January 1943! Add the number of aircraft destroyed through hostile action in just one Eastern Front Geschwader, SchG 1, which is 12 for January 1943, and you have already surpassed the figure Murray gives for the whole Eastern Front. As some of you may have seen in Black Cross/Red Star, Vol. 2, I have started to give the monthly numbers of aircraft destroyed in each Geschwader on the Eastern Front. I will continue to do so throughout the series. I dont want to give the figures for the Eastern Front here and now - Im afraid Ill have to ask you to wait for that volume of Black Cross/Red Star. But I can say that the number of German aircraft which were destroyed due to hostile action on the Eastern Front in January 1943 is way above both the figure given in Murrays table and the number of Luftwaffe losses in the Mediterranean. The loss figures for the transport aircraft and SchG 1 above should give you a hint. (The source for these loss tables are the daily loss returns to Generalquartiermeister.) BTW: The Luftwaffe standard for the classification of damage to aircraft was divided as follows: Below 10 %: Minor damage that can be repaired by the aircrafts ground crew. 10 % - 24 %: Medium damage that can be repaired through small repair works at the unit. 25 % - 39 %: Damage that requires a major overhaul at the unit. 40 % 44 %: Damage to that requires whole replacements of landing gears or other systems, such as hydraulic systems. 45 % - 59 %: Severely damaged aircraft where large parts of the aircraft needed to be replaced. 60 % - 80 %: Write-off category. Certain parts could be used as spare parts for other aircraft. 81 % - 99%: Totally destroyed, crashed on German-controlled area. 100 %: Totally lost, crashed or disappeared over enemy-controlled area or over sea. BTW 2: I have put together my various postings (plus some new stuff) from the discussion on the effect of Allied numerical air superiority over Normandy 1944 to an article, which I posted to my new Bergström Aviation Books website. Scroll down on the site to reach a link to the article: http://www.bergstrombooks.elknet.pl/ And watch that Messerschmitt pilot on the photo! 8) :P There will be more non-Eastern Front air war articles posted to that site soon. |
Hello Christer
good point that of what Murray means on losses, checked a little bit from his book, in some earlier tables he gives Destroyed and Damaged but on these 1942 and 43 tables Losses. So his Losses seems to meant all those damaged over 10%. I should check more carefully, but nix time. Source for those 43 tables is given as BA/MA, RL 2 III/1185-1195, Genst. Gen. Qu. (6.Abt), "Flugzeugunfälle und Verluste bei den Fliegenden Verbänden." so it was that standard source. If Murrey had used different criteria for different fronts that VERY bad. But Christer, You have been a little sloppy on this Murray gives in his Tables Eastern Front losses in Jan. 43 85 FIGHTERS but 482 a/c in TOTAL. Transport a/c and SchG 1 losses sure belonged under the TOTAL not under FIGHTERS. I'm afraid that You have mixed the tables. But a) you cannot use only those lost in air combat, also those lost on the ground are lost to hostile action plus those lost in transit by enemy action. I think that is the classic way to count war losses and also those lost for operational reasons were also lost but those are usually given separately. b) You way to estimate the relation between Allied aircraft shot down & destroyed and all aircraft destroyed or damaged to all causes is purely speculation, nothing scientific in it, I'm afraid. You need at least some randomly (statistically speaking) collected sample of real figures on that relation on Allied side to be able to approximate some sort of range inside which the real figure would be on certain probability. Juha |
However, a professional historian can have various perspectives, and can focus his study on various issues. If the focus is to examine the overall attrition on the warring sides, then also aircraft which were damaged in take-off accidents and that had to be sent to repair must be included. Then of course one must include all aircraft which for one reason or another were put out of commission - including, naturally, those destroyed on the ground. And then you also have to include each sides possibility to replace losses - a field where the Allies clearly were superior to the Axis, since in spite of their much higher losses, the Allies managed to increase their number of aircraft in Tunisia from 600 in January 1943 to 1,500 in mid-March 1943. (Hooton, a.a., pp. 219 & 223.) However, in this case, I chose the perspective of supremacy in air combat. In that perspective, other losses are - from a scientific viewpoint - irrelevant. Quote:
Couldnt we agree to either contribute new facts, supported by source references, or just ask questions - but please not that kind of loose talk! Nothing scientific in it? Which are your criteria for scientific? (That was a rethoric question - please donät answer it - at least not on this board!) If we agree that mathematics is a science, it is scientific. If we agree that logics is scientific, it is scientific. This is how professional historians operate, making assessments based on known factors. Juha, if you think that historians - or almost any scientist - operates only with 100 % waterproof facts, I have to say that I dont agree. There is nothing unorthodox or unscientific to make assessments based on known factors. What distinguishes a scientific approach from a non-scientific approach is that the professional historian admits that some factors are unknown to him and he admits that he has made estimations based on other known facts, extrapolations; while the guy with a non-scientific approach yells that it is possible to know the WHOLE and FULL truth. Remember, when I wrote my estimations, I wrote: Lets assume that and if we estimate according to the relations above, we would arrive at. . . If you think that is unorthodox, then you should ask a professional historian. That said, please lets all stop playing scientists here. :!: Ive said it before, and I say it again, no one among us here is a professional historian, and no one among us here approaches the subject with the methods of a professional historian - i.e. a scientist. :!: And besides everything, I gave those speculated figures only as a reply to Murrays in the context irrelevant figure for all damaged Luftwaffe aircraft. I thought I was clear that I think we can settle with the figures of at least 151 Allied aircraft shot down and destroyed versus 32 German fighters shot down and destroyed. Now please - can we return to the subject as such and stop educating each other in other subjects? Or at least save that for the off-topic board. Please letäs continue only by either contributing new facts, supported by source references, or just asking questions. Isn't that the best way to forward the discussion in a meaningful way? Moderators, are you watching this time? And please allow me to attend to my wife for a short while. :P |
No reson continue this but some short notes.
I think it's important to count also those destroyed in ground on losses, was it during BoB, on the first day of Oper. Barbarossa etc. Ability to protect own bases and ability to knock out enemy bases are important factor when evaluating how good an AF was. In many important air campaigns the losses on groud had signifance. Read what your opponent wrote, I happened to ephacize " some sort of range inside which the real figure is on certain probability. that's entirely different than " a non-scientific approach yells that it is possible to know the WHOLE and FULL truth". I'm not going to make other comments of use of statics in historical research but I happened to have the education of historian. It was You who baselessly gave impression that Murray, who didn't even participe on this board, is giving distord figures by using different basis for figures of different fronts, that You will proof in Your coming book that the losses in Jan. 43 on the Eastern Front were bigger than in Med contrary to those dubious figures of Murray when we few who had that book can easily see that according to Murray the losses in Jan. 43 were 482 in East and 282 in Med etc. So i think You should be able to take some critic without feeling too strong on that. Juha |
Nash, it says explicitly "shot down in air combat".
In my favourite polish book about Jagdwaffe Aces - "Elita Luftwaffe" by Robert Michulec - I've read that JG 77 in Africa claimed 497 enemy a/c, against following own total loses: 218 Bf-109 lost, 61 seriously damaged, and 44 damaged. Also 67 pilots was KIA and 17 WIA. One more: During combat with III./JG 1 and Hptm. Weber, polish 306 Sqn lost 2 a/c, S/L Łapka (WIA) and F/O Łaszkiewicz (POW) . Next one was shot down by Flak (F/Lt Gęca - KIA). III./JG 1 did not claim any polish Mustang III, so maybe Hptm. Weber before his death shot down one or two of them ? |
Hi Gizmo,
Thanks a lot for your contribution. Generally, the number of fighters pilot casualties were close to the number of shot down and destroyed fighters. So we can assume, on fairly good grounds, that JG 77 had a victory-to-loss ratio of around 5:1 in Africa. (I don't have the time to sit down and go through the whole list.) Quote:
However, weren't those Polish losses sustained during Ramrod 980 in the morning, with Mustangs of 306 Sqn, 315 Sqn and 129 Sqn in combat with JG 26? (Four Mustangs were shot down on this occasion - including three in air combat - while two Fw 190s were lost. Sources: Clark CD, Caldwell "JG 26 Diary" II/pp. 269 - 270, Franks "F-Com Losses".) Anyway, thanks again for your most welcome contribution, Gizmo! Could you please refer to your source? |
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Alpha Stage – Date, Early 1997?
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Beta Stage – Date, 16th June 1997 (E3 Build)
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- The Wreck Of Maria Doria
- Ice Palace / Catacombs of the Talion
In the first level Bartoli's Hideout, you can notice that the Pistols' Sound effects are completely different. The health bar is also different in color, just an early placeholder. In the beginning, you don't start in the boat, they may not have created it yet. The original gate where you are supposed to go through with the boat is locked and the room in there doesn't contain the clock tower door, it's just a white textured room, could this be an early alpha room from the previous level? The sword men have no sound effects whilst their sword goes down. The Debug cheat 'DOZY' is available, Lara will swim once the user holds down 'D-O-Z-Y'. The building shelters are normally textured with a red cloth like surface but in this version they are plain wood. In addition, there are no wired gates which separate areas, they are replaced with wooden slats hammered together unseen in the final version. The first secret is missing, the veranda which leads to the stone dragon is there but the door itself is missing. The positioning of the room under the fireplace was changed slightly in the final release. The inventory is the same to Tomb Raider 1, the guns are also identical: Pistols, Magnums, Shotgun, Uzis. The Magnums were later changed to 'Automatic Pistols' in the final build. The compass is still functional but was later changed to statistics watch to give a more modern game play experience. Whilst climbing up walls, there is a glitch which allows Lara to draw her guns, this was a problem back in July 1996 for Tomb Raider 1 which they fixed in the final, but it has re-occurred in this build. Secrets aren't yet implemented, the locations are there though. The detonation key is different from the final one, it is gold and red where as, the final is grey entitled 'TNT'. At 08:59, you can see an additional room which was removed from final. It has nothing in it, it may have been a placeholder room for the Stone dragon secret. It isn't possible to complete the level, the TNT explosive device is not in this version, there are no end triggers so the only way to skip to the next level is to rename the level files.
In the second level, there appears to be a huge difference visually and with sound. The sound effects are from Tomb Raider 1, the first level contains early/final sound effects for Tomb Raider 2. The level is so early, it starts right at the end. In the beginning, there are no textures. The costume itself is completely different from final, it's striped with orange whereas, in the final it's white,blue,grey and black. There is a glitch with the lever at 1:53, you must rush to get to the other lever before the door itself closes, DOZY is a quick way of doing this. This area of the level is pretty much final, there aren't many noticeable changes but the glitch at 3:59, the texture underneath the water is a rock texture. The inventory noise is exactly the same as Tomb Raider 1, in the first level it's just a high pitched noise, the key has placeholder textures which aren't final. The ending of the level is yet again untextured with no option to proceed to the next level.
Beta Stage – Date, 16th June 1997
Platform: PSX
PSX E3 Demo, it is identical to the PC E3 Demo.
Beta Stage – Date, Early September 1997 (Demo)
Platform: PSX
Coming Soon!
This is a playable beta demo of the first level, there are several differences such as the title screen picture. It's completely different, shows a picture of early Xian in china. At the beginning of the level, you can jump forward and grab the top ledge which you shouldn't be able to do, it was fixed in the final build. Also, the helicopter doesn't exist, it's supposed to fly by at the top of the Great Wall, she seems to look though. Halfway through, in the room with the flying discs just before the boulders are introduced, the flying discs have the sound of darts from Tomb Raider 1, the sound was later changed in the late September build below. The level ends right after the spike crushers because it's incomplete. If you bypass the ending, there is no way of proceeding since it's nothing but a dead end. In the inventory, statistics has the extra feature 'Hit/Miss Ratio' this isn't available in the final version. It may be because in the 30th September build, it is non-functional due to a glitch in the code which they didn't have time to fix for final release.
Beta Stage – Date, 30th September 1997
Platform: PSX
This particular version was burnt to many pirated Tomb Raider 2 discs. Though close to the final game, the last levels are slightly unfinished with Temple of Xian and Lara's Home being impossible to complete without glitching. The DOZY cheat can be accessed which turns Lara Gold, allowing her to swim in mid-air most likely used to help the developers navigate to specific rooms more quickly.
Beta Stage – Date, 17th October 1997
Platform: PSX
Pretty much the final game with dozy.
1. Gh0stblade
Change Log
Gh0stBlade – Added September/October 1997 videos. 16/03/16
Gh0stblade – Added E3 June 1997 info, Added September 1997 Demo info, Early Alpha Info. 03/12/11
Gh0stblade – Added June 1997 Footage, September 1997 Footage, Early 1997 magazine scans. 05/12/11


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Ticketmaster To Make Huge Payout Over 'Misleading Prices'
The war against unscrupulous ticketing practices continues as Ticketmaster has been forced to pay $4.5 million as a settlement stemming from a Canadian investigation, which alleged that the ticketing agency was responsible for misleading prices online.
What was misleading about the prices was the mandatory fees that were added onto the advertised cost of the ticket. Canada's Competition Bureau determined (in a report published by the Canadian government) "the price representations were misleading even though the amount of the fees was disclosed before consumers completed their transaction."
The investigation also concluded that these fees added over 20 percent to the total cost and, in some cases, added on more than 65 of the advertised ticket prices.
As a result, Ticketmaster L.L.C., TNow Entertainment Group, Inc. and Ticketmaster Canada will pay a $4 million penalty and will be charged an additional $500,000 for costs incurred by the Competition Bureau.
The Bureau has also established a Compliance Program that will legally bind the named companies to its term for a period of 10 years. Follow-up investigations will also be conducted over this time.
To read the full report, head here.
In response to the settlement, Ticketmaster has issued the following statement:
Today Ticketmaster announced that it has resolved proceedings brought by the Commissioner of Competition in Canada.
Last July, Ticketmaster was the first ticket company to voluntarily ensure total prices were displayed upfront to Canadian consumers. We look forward to the Competition Bureau and individual provinces ensuring that all other ticket marketplaces in the live event industry meet the same standards.
Ticketmaster is committed to leading the industry in consumer safety and transparency and has also adopted best practices to protect Canadian live entertainment consumers that include:
1. Clearly disclosing if tickets are being sold at the original face value or are being resold at prices that may be above or below face value
2. Banning the practice of listing tickets for sale at inflated prices before they are even purchased, a practice known as "ticket speculation"
3. Clearly identifying if we are the official primary ticket marketplace for an event and, if we are not, identifying which marketplace is
Ticketmaster welcomes new consumer protection legislation across Canada to improve transparency, fight cheater bots that steal tickets, and reduce fraud in the secondary sales market and will continue to actively participate in federal and provincial conversations to create the safest ticketing environment for fans and event owners alike.
In 2016, Ticketmaster was found guilty in a class action lawsuit over similar circumstances, which led to the company offering free ticket vouchers as part of the settlement. Ticketmaster's name the made headlines last year when reports surfaced alleging that the company was conspiring in an underground scalping network, though they denied these claims.
60 Infamous Rock Star Mugshots


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In a much-anticipated ruling that confounded the expectations of many court watchers, the U.S. Supreme Court has given state and local governments the green light to impose sales taxes on out-of-state online sales. The 5-4 decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. was met by cheers from brick-and-mortar retailers, who have long believed that the high court's previous rulings on the issue disadvantaged them, as well as state governments that are eager to replenish their coffers.
The previous rulings
The Supreme Court's holding in Wayfair overruled two of its precedents. In its 1967 ruling in National Bellas Hess v. Dept. of Revenue, the Court tackled a challenge to an Illinois tax that required out-of-state retailers to collect and remit taxes on sales made to consumers who purchased goods for use within the state.
That case involved a mail-order company. The high court found that, since the company's only connection with customers in Illinois was by "common carrier" or the U.S. mail, it lacked the requisite minimum contacts with the state required by the Due Process and Commerce Clauses of the U.S. Constitution to impose taxes. It held that the state could require a retailer to collect a local use tax only if the retailer maintained a physical presence, such as retail outlets, solicitors or property in the jurisdiction.
Twenty-five years later, in Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, the Supreme Court reconsidered the so-called physical presence rule in another case involving mail-order sales. Although it overruled its earlier due process holding, it upheld the Commerce Clause holding. The Court based its ruling on the Commerce Clause principle that prohibits state taxes unless they apply to an activity with a "substantial nexus" — or connection — with the state.
Criticism of the physical presence rule
The rule, established in Bellas Hess and affirmed in Quill, has been the subject of extensive criticism. This has been particularly true in recent years as traditional stores have lost significant ground to online sellers. In 1992, the Court noted that mail-order sales in the United States totaled $180 billion, while in 2017 online retail sales were estimated at $453.5 billion. Online sales represented almost 9% of total U.S. retail sales last year.
This market dynamic is highlighted in the new case. As South Dakota argued in its petition for Supreme Court review:
Quill has grown only more doctrinally aberrant … But while its legal rationales have imploded with experience, its practical impacts have exploded with the rapid growth of online commerce. Today, States' inability to effectively collect sales tax from Internet sellers imposes crushing harm on state treasuries and brick-and-mortar retailers alike.
Indeed, it's been estimated that states lose $8 billion to $33 billion in annual sales tax revenues because of the physical presence rule. States with no income tax, such as South Dakota, have been especially hard hit. South Dakota's losses are estimated at $48 million to $58 million annually.
The sales tax at issue
In response to the rise in online sales and the corresponding effect on sales tax collections, South Dakota enacted a law requiring out-of-state retailers that made at least 200 sales or sales totaling at least $100,000 in the state to collect and remit a 4.5% sales tax. The 2016 law also included a clause declaring an emergency in light of the need "for the support of state government and its existing public institutions …"
South Dakota subsequently sued several online retailers with no employees or real estate in the state. It sought a declaration that the sales tax was valid and applicable to the retailers, along with an injunction requiring the retailers to register for licenses to collect and remit the tax. A trial court dismissed the case before trial, and the State Supreme Court affirmed, citing its obligation to follow U.S. Supreme Court precedent, however persuasive the state's arguments against the physical presence rule might prove.
The Supreme Court's reasoning
The majority opinion — penned by Justice Kennedy but joined by the unusual mix of Justices Thomas, Ginsburg, Alito and Gorsuch — didn't mince words. It described the physical presence rule as "unsound and incorrect." According to the Court, the rule becomes further removed from economic reality every year.
Quill, the opinion said, creates market distortions. It puts local businesses and many interstate businesses with a physical presence at a competitive disadvantage compared with remote sellers that needn't charge customers for taxes. Kennedy wrote that the earlier ruling "has come to serve as a judicially created tax shelter for businesses that decide to limit their physical presence and still sell their goods and services to a State's consumers — something that has become easier and more prevalent as technology has advanced."
In addition, the Court found that Quill treats economically identical actors differently for arbitrary reasons. A business with a few items of inventory in a small warehouse in a state is subject to the tax on all of its sales in the state, while a seller with a pervasive online presence but no physical presence isn't subject to the same tax for the sales of the same items.
Ultimately, the Supreme Court concluded that the South Dakota tax satisfies the substantial nexus requirement. Such a nexus is established when the taxpayer "avails itself of the substantial privilege of carrying on business" in the jurisdiction. The quantity of business the law required to trigger the tax couldn't occur unless a seller has availed itself of that substantial privilege.
Of course, as the Court acknowledged, the substantial nexus requirement isn't the only principle in the Commerce Clause doctrine that can invalidate a state tax. The other principles weren't argued in this case, but the high court observed that South Dakota's tax system included several features that seem designed to prevent discrimination against or undue burdens on interstate commerce, such as a prohibition against retroactive application and a safe harbor for taxpayers who do only limited business in the state.
The impact
The significance of the Supreme Court's ruling was felt almost immediately in the business world, with the share prices of major online retailers quickly dropping (even those that do collect and remit sales taxes). It's not just the behemoths that could be affected, though.
The Court recognized that the burdens of nationwide sales tax collection could pose "legitimate concerns in some instances, particularly for small businesses that make a small volume of sales to customers in many States." But, it said, reasonably priced software eventually may make it easier for small businesses to cope. Perhaps in response to this assertion, prices for shares in a company that makes a popular tax-processing software climbed after the Court released its opinion. The ruling also pointed out that, in this case, the law "affords small merchants a reasonable degree of protection," such as annual sales thresholds.
Further, the Court noted, South Dakota is one of more than 20 states that are members of the Streamlined Sales and Use Tax Agreement (SSUTA). These states have adopted conforming legislation that provides uniform tax administration and definitions of taxable goods and services, simplified tax rate structures and other uniform rules.
What next?
Only about 15 states currently have sales tax laws similar to South Dakota's, so it's likely there will be a staggered imposition of sales tax collection and remittance responsibilities on online retailers. Other states may need to revise or enact legislation to meet the relevant constitutional tests — including, but not limited to, the substantial nexus requirement. If you have questions regarding sales tax collection requirements for your business in light of the Supreme Court's decision, please contact us.
Councilor, Buchanan & Mitchell (CBM) is a professional services firm delivering tax, accounting and business advisory expertise throughout the Mid-Atlantic region from offices in Bethesda, MD and Washington, DC.
© 2018


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The highest quality motorcycle tank bags have been produced by Nelson Rigg for more than 30 years. All of our stylish tank bags are made from 1680 Trimax Ballistic nylon, with soft protective non-slip base material and have touch screen device friendly map pockets for your GPS or smart phone. Most of the Nelson Rigg motorcycle tank bags are available in magnetic mount or in strap mount and come with a 100% waterproof rain-cover.
So weather you're riding a sport bike, naked bike, cruiser or Adventure motorcycle, Nelson Rigg has a tank bag for you.


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You've come to the right place. After the mortgage crisis many people have been foreclosed on or have had to file for bankruptcy. However an experienced credit repair lawyer can help you repair your credit and get you back on your feet.
If you or a loved one have struggled financially and now find yourself needing to repair credit and restore credit ratings, an experienced credit repair lawyer may be able to help. Use FindLaw to hire a local credit repair lawyer to help you.
FindLaw's Lawyer Directory is the largest online directory of attorneys. Browse more than one million listings, covering everything from criminal defense to personal injury to estate planning.
Detailed law firm profiles have information like the firm's area of law, office location, office hours, and payment options. Attorney profiles include the biography, education and training, and client recommendations of an attorney to help you decide who to hire.
Use the contact form on the profiles to connect with a Phoenix, Arizona attorney for legal advice.
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It is always a good idea to research your lawyer prior to hiring. Every state has a disciplinary organization that monitors attorneys, their licenses, and consumer complaints. By researching lawyer discipline you can:


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At one time, replacement parts for the eyes must have seemed unimaginable. Nowadays, if the inner lens of the eye becomes clouded by a cataract, a routine surgery to swap it out with a new artificial lens restores vision.
But what happens if the outer lens of the eye (the cornea) becomes damaged or diseased? You can have that replaced, too. "It's not as common as cataract surgery, but many people get corneal diseases after age 50 and may need a corneal transplant," says Dr. Nandini Venkateswaran, a corneal and cataract surgeon at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts Eye and Ear.
More than 49,000 corneal transplants occurred in 2021 in the US, according to the Eye Bank Association of America.
What is the cornea?
The cornea is a dome of clear tissue at the front of each eye, covering the iris and pupil, that acts as a windshield that protects the delicate eye apparatus behind it, and focuses light onto the retina, which sends signals that the brain turns into images (your vision).
You need this combo of windshield and camera lens to focus and see clearly. But many things can go wrong within the five layers of tissue that make up the cornea. That can make it hard to see and rob you of the ability to read, drive, work, and get through other activities in your day.
How does damage to the cornea occur?
It may stem from a number of causes:
- Injuries, such as a fall. "Falls are a big reason for people to come in with acute eye trauma. The cornea can be damaged easily if something pokes it," Dr. Venkateswaran says.
- Previous eye surgeries. "Especially for adults who've had several eye surgeries — such as cataract and glaucoma surgeries — the inner layers of the cornea can become damaged and weakened with age," she adds.
- Illness. Problems like severe corneal infections, or genetic conditions such as Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy, can cause vision loss.
What are the options for treating corneal damage?
Cornea treatment depends on the type of problem you have and the extent of the damage. "It's a stepwise approach. Sometimes wearing a specialty contact lens or using medications can decrease swelling or scarring in the cornea," Dr. Venkateswaran says.
When damage can't be repaired, surgeons can replace one or a few layers of the cornea (a partial-thickness transplant), or the whole thing (a full-thickness transplant).
The vast majority of transplants come from donor corneas that are obtained and processed by eye banks throughout the US. In some instances, such as when repeated transplants fail, an artificial cornea is an option. Recovery after corneal surgery can take up to a year.
How long-lasting are corneal transplants?
There's always a risk that your body will reject a corneal transplant. It happens about a third of the time for full-thickness transplants. It occurs less often for partial-thickness transplants. Preventing rejection requires a lifetime of eye drops.
Still, transplant longevity varies. "I've seen transplants from 50 or 60 years ago and now they're starting to show wear and tear. Other patients, for a variety of reasons — immune system attacks, intolerance to eye drops, or underlying conditions — may only have a transplant for five to 10 years before they need another," Dr. Venkateswaran explains.
Preventive eye care can help preserve the cornea
It's crucial to get regular comprehensive eye exams to make sure your corneas and the rest of your eyes are healthy.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends a comprehensive (dilated) eye exam
- at age 40
- every two to four years for people ages 40 to 54
- every one to three years for people ages 55 to 64
- every one to two years for people ages 65 and older.
You'll need an eye exam more often if you have underlying conditions that increase your risk for eye disease, such as diabetes or a family history of corneal disease.
If you have any vision problems, such as eye pain, redness, blurred vision despite new glasses, or failing eyesight, see an eye doctor.
Fortunately, for people who do experience corneal damage, advances in surgical options are encouraging.
"Corneal transplants are a miracle," Dr. Venkateswaran says. "I have patients whose quality of life was significantly decreased because they couldn't see through their cloudy windshield. We can give them sight again, and we have the technology and medications to keep the transplant alive."
About the Author
Heidi Godman, Executive Editor, Harvard Health Letter
Heidi Godman is the executive editor of the Harvard Health Letter. Before coming to the Health Letter, she was an award-winning television news anchor and medical reporter for 25 years. Heidi was named a journalism fellow … See Full Bio View all posts by Heidi Godman


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GPS data undergo constant changes (e.g. new roads, renaming of roads and renumbering of houses), so after a certain time they are not up-to-date and navigating to your designation can be inaccurate or incorrect. We therefore recommend regular updates to navigation data.
Is your navigation showing you incorrect data?
Now you can help us to improve the quality of our maps by reporting bugs, mistakes and missing streets through Map Creator. The data will be corrected after analysing and validating your submission.
Your SKODA infotainment system includes other software as well. Regular updates will make sure it stays at top functionality, which will make your travels both safer and convenient.
The map downloads are not linked to the VIN of the vehicle, but only to the ownership of the ŠKODA Move&Fun.
In case of problems or needs updating, please contact the nearest service partner ŠKODA. (Note: Update on the service partner is charged according to his hourly rate.)


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{wow me} wednesday!
So glad YOU are here!
How are YOU doing?
This week has been busy, busy for me!
The hubby is gone :(, but he'll be back tomorrow! Yay!
I've been working on something BIG for Friday,
so make sure you check back in then!!! So here we go…..
The {top five} links from last week were…..
Craft Room Peg Board from How to Nest For Less,
French Braided Fishtail from The View from in Here,
60 Free St. Patrick's Day Printables from Craftionary,


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Don't be surprised if your CPA or financial planner starts babbling acronyms: CRUT, CRAT, NICRUT, NIMCRUT, Flip CRUT.
Hear him out. The higher federal tax rates that kicked in this year have given all these variants of the four-decade-old charitable remainder trust new appeal for upper-income folks.
Charity doesn't always mean a one-way act of giving. Sometimes it is good to "give and receive." Depending on your assets, you might want to consider creating a charitable shelter trust.
These trust are known by some rather silly acronyms, like CRUTs, CRATs, NICRUTs, NIMCRUTs, or Flip CRUTs. Nevertheless, the power behind this alphabet soup of sorts can cut your capital gains taxes or fund a retirement while benefiting your favorite charity at the expense of the IRS.
The world of the CRUT and all its brethren is familiar to some, but alien to many. If you are among those in need of some background education on this timely subject, then a couple of recent articles from Forbes are worth reading.
The first is titled "Charitable Shelter: How CRUTs Cut Capital Gains Tax." As this article notes, you can use a CRUT, or Charitable Remainder Unitrust, to cut your capital gains taxes by using the trust to sell highly appreciated assets without triggering any taxation, to provide you with an annual income stream, and then to leave the remainder to charity. With all increases in the capital gains tax considered, and other specific taxes besides, a CRUT can mean preserving more than 20-30% of the value of the asset of the top to benefit you and charity.
For some additional perspective on the use of charitable trusts consider reading a companion article of real stories from Forbes titled "Three Donors Tell Why They Set Up CRUTs."
As you might imagine, choosing the right charitable remainder trust depends a great deal on your assets, your needs, and the likely timespan before the charitable part comes into play. As with all estate planning, this is not a do-it-yourself project.
- Forbes (August 14, 2013) "Charitable Shelter: How CRUTs Cut Capital Gains Tax"
- Forbes (August 14, 2013) "Three Donors Tell Why They Set Up CRUTs"


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The end of pre-history
Exit-boot-strap-mode is the last step in creating the ACL2 world in which the user lives. It has command number 0. Commands before it are part of the system initialization and extend all the way back to :min. Commands after it are those of the user.
Exit-boot-strap-mode is a Common Lisp function but not an ACL2 function. It is called when every defconst, defun, etc., in our source code has been processed under ACL2 and the world is all but complete. exit-boot-strap-mode has only one job: to signal the completion of the boot-strapping.