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How Do Brain Tumours Cause Ear Pain?
How Do Brain Tumours Cause Ear Pain – Including Aneurysms: Physicians and scientists are currently investigating the specific cause of tinnitus in humans. The most common type of brain tumour is gliomas. They are a rare form of brain tumour that can develop in any part of the brain, not just the skull.
This sort of tumour is particularly dangerous since it often begins small and rapidly grows in size, wreaking havoc on the brain and other vital organs. Certain experts believe that a glioma is responsible for tinnitus. However, the evidence for this is weak.
Tinnitus has also been linked to various types of tumours, including aneurysms, meningitis, and some types of cancer.
Aneurysms are benign brain growths that frequently place enormous strain on adjacent nerves and even the brain itself.
Meningitis causes growth of the brain and ears, whereas cancer can reveal itself in any organ. However, these illnesses are rather uncommon in individuals who develop tinnitus. Tinnitus is said to afflict one in every five people at some point in their lives, which means it must be quite frequent. There are numerous theories on the causes of tinnitus, but no one is certain.
Tinnitus is most commonly perceived as a ringing or buzzing in the ears, which results in hearing loss. Individuals experiencing these symptoms must exercise extreme caution to avoid being exposed to loud noises, which will aggravate the issue.
Tinnitus can be extremely distressing for those who have it. As a result, more vigilance is required whether working or playing with other people. When individuals with tinnitus are exposed to loud noises for an extended period of time, they may experience hearing loss, which makes work and play difficult.
The most common type of brain tumour is glioma.
This form of brain tumour is most frequently found in the temporal lobe, midline auditory ganglion, or periaqueductal grey matter. Gliomas do not typically cause hearing loss, but they do slow the response time of neurons in the brain, reducing short-term memory and focus in those affected. While these are uncommon types of brain tumours, they are quite serious and should be treated soon.
Other types of brain tumours exhibit a spectrum of symptoms. These include haemophilia, meningitis, and stroke. Haemophilia is a blood clotting problem; meningitis is a nose and throat infection; and stroke is a brain stroke. When these disorders are present, they can impact hearing, cognitive function, balance, vision, swallowing, and speech.
Brain tumours can also cause oedema in the ears. This often occurs when the cells of the vestibular system become abnormal as a result of injury, disease, or certain medications. In this circumstance, greater fluid buildup in the middle ear results in increased pressure. Pressure in the ears can impair hearing and cause ear ache.
There are numerous methods for diagnosing brain and ear tumours. Among the methods are a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, a computerised tomography (CT) scan, or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. These approaches can be used to determine if a tumour is benign (remains within the affected area) or malignant (expands beyond the affected area) (it spreads beyond the area and causes damage to other parts of the body). Certain tumours present no abnormalities, which makes diagnosis more difficult.
Brain tumour treatment is stage-dependent. Physicians typically treat patients in the early stages, when the tumour has ceased to grow abnormally. At this point, drugs such as radioisotopes, surgery, and chemotherapy are used to control symptoms and aid in brain and ear rehabilitation. Individuals with tumours in these sites are advised to avoid driving for at least many months unless their doctor recommends otherwise. It is crucial to keep in mind that brain tumours can cause severe and chronic ear pain.
How Do I Know If I Have A Tumour On My Ears?
How do I know if I have a tumour in my ear?
This is a frequently asked question by many people, particularly when they experience sudden dizziness or ringing in the ears. When you regain your hearing, you can enjoy music and socialise with your pals. However, what if you have difficulty with balance, dizziness, or ringing in the ears?
A tumour (alternatively referred to as a growth) is an umbrella term that refers to any abnormal growth in the body. While tumours are usually harmless growths, they can occasionally cause issues such as hearing loss and dizziness. This is because the brain's heating system is located within it. Hearing loss occurs when a tumour grows larger than the brain.
Hearing loss is a sign of acoustic neuroma. It is characterised as a state of imbalance caused by the affected area. Individuals who suffer from this illness may wobble, lose their balance when walking or standing, and have difficulties following conversations. Balance issues do not develop in a predictable manner. It may occur only in conjunction with another problem, such as another illness, head trauma, head injury, muscle spasms, or an ear canal obstruction.
Another sign of this illness is tinnitus. Tinnitus is the sensation of hearing a sound in one's ears when there is no external noise. Certain patients get quite mild symptoms, while others experience severe ones. These symptoms may be continuous or intermittent, with varying degrees of severity. These sounds may be uncomfortable, unpleasant, or even intolerable to some.
If you have any of the additional symptoms described above, it is possible that your tumours are to cause. You should, however, consult your physician to be certain. There are a variety of tests available to determine whether or not you have a tumour, but none are 100% certain. They can corroborate your assumptions but never deliver a definitive diagnosis.
If you do not have balance problems, hearing loss, nausea, dizziness, or ear pain, your condition is most likely benign. Furthermore, you must be completely truthful with your physician, as they may be unable to detect a tumour. If you have a tumour, it is possible that the source of the problem is inside your ear rather than on the side of your head.
A tumour may manifest as a lump on the forehead (often known to as a manual), a slightly raised abdomen, or a change in the appearance of the eyes. It is critical to make the distinction between benign and malignant tumours. If your doctor suspects you have a tumour, he or she may recommend a biopsy. This is the procedure in which the doctor examines small fragments of your flesh. Additionally, you may be need to return numerous times before a final diagnosis is made.
How can I determine whether I have an ear tumour? The responses are uncomplicated. Issues with balance, dizziness, hearing, and appetite loss are all common concerns. However, if you have vomiting, substantial loss of smell, altered behaviour (especially aggressive or unpredictable), or ear pain when listening to music or chatting with another person, you may have a tumour.
The Most Important Symptoms of Acoustic Neuroma
Hearing loss is a sign of acoustic neuroma. This is a condition in which the auditory nerve is damaged, most frequently as a result of loud noises (also known as tinnitus). Typically, this form of sickness is triggered by another event, such as a brain tumour or a head injury. Additionally, an ear infection, an aneurysm, or a stroke might cause it.
The most typical symptoms of this illness include difficulty hearing (dubbed audiophobia), nausea in response to loud noises, and ringing in the ears. Additional symptoms include ear pain, dizziness, and even headaches. If you encounter any of the symptoms listed above, you should seek immediate medical attention. If this occurs more than once, it is recommended that you undergo medical tests to rule out the presence of neurones. Based on the findings of these tests, the doctor can determine the best course of treatment for you to eradicate these ear tumours.
Patients with acoustic neuroma-related hearing loss have two treatment options: surgery (e.g. cochlear implants) or medication (e.g. ototoxic agents). Physicians generally treat patients depending on their symptoms. As a result, if you develop symptoms consistent with this disease, you should seek quick medical attention to ensure an appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
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An ancient perfume house whose fragrances have been brought back to life like Sleeping Beauty awakened with a kiss. Oriza L. Legrand (hereinafter just "Oriza") is not a well-known house, but its perfumes have a unique character that is redolent of the past and the classic French tradition. Yesterday, I provided an overview of the brand, its history and how its fragrances have been tweaked from the 1900s to suit today's tastes. Today, I'd like to briefly review three Oriza perfumes: Chypre Mousse, Horizon, and Reve d'Ossian. The remaining four, primarily floral fragrances — Relique d'Amour, Jardins d'Armide, Oeillet Louis XV, and Deja Le Printemps — are the focus of another post.
Oriza describes Chypre Mousse (at the link imbedded above in the title) as the essence of nature in autumnal woods:
After the first rainfall in September nature exude scents of humus, peat and wetland. [¶] This is the time for a promenade in the woods to enjoy the freshness after the heat of summer. [¶] Autumn encourages us to contemplate, to observate nature that gently prepares us for the coming winter and its frostbite.
The mossy paths, precious jewels of the undergrowth, are brightened by the last rays of sun. [¶] Cyprus-Moss evokes in us our surrounding nature which soon will be covered by the first fall of snow. [¶] Smell of damp undergrowth of scorched leaves and the scent of moss before picking mushrooms and chestnuts.
Chypre-Mousse, a Fragrance of the House Oriza L. Legrand launched in 1914 for the dandies of this world!
Top Notes[:] tonic & balsamic: Wild mint, clary sage, wild fennel & green shoots.
Heart notes[:] aromatic & flowing properties: Oakmoss, Galbanum, Angelica, fern, wild clover, Mastic & Violet leaves.
Backgrounds[:] Notes mossy & leathery: Vetiver, Pine Needles, Oak Moss, Mushroom fresh Humus, Roasted Chestnut Leather, labdanum & Balms.
As outlined in my earlier post on Oriza, I went to the boutique with the goal of sniffing and possibly buying a very different perfume, Horizon. I'm generally not one who buys a perfume without testing, especially given my crazy skin and how voracious it is. So, I sprayed both fragrances on my skin and on the sweater that I was wearing, walked out of the store to think about it, and headed on my way to Serge Lutens to buy my precious bell-jar. I went four blocks, sniffing myself throughout, then stopped dead in my tracks, and headed back. I had to have Chypre Mousse, then and there, without further testing. Suffice it to say, that is extremely unusual for me.
I'm not sure how to best describe Chypre Mousse. It's not the typical oakmoss fragrance; it has neither the dark grey, mineralized, dusty fustiness of some oakmoss fragrances, nor the bright green, softly plush, fresh mossy feel of others. To me, it smells like the damp forest floor, wet leaves, dewy violets, earthy mushrooms, drenched forests, and a symphony of green, brown, grey, and purple. Again and again, I go back to Oriza's description of "green shoots," because there is something of youthful life that is pushing through the wet floor of a verdant forest.
Chypre Mousse opens with a pungent but sweet oakmoss that feels as though it's sprouted right off the bark of a tree deluged by rain. There is a dark leather underlying it, covered in resinous, piney tree sap, swirled with darkened mosses, and speckled with reddish mushrooms. The strip of leather lies atop a mound of leaves whose autumnal oranges and browns have turned darker with dampness and water. All around are bunches of fresh violets, pushing out through the soil, past the green shoots, and in the wet space left untouched by the gnarled, woody roots of surrounding pine trees. The dewy, sweet purple flowers form a bright spot of colour in the dark, green forest.
The leather, wood, mushrooms, wet leaves, violets, grass, and moss are backed by traces of other notes. The sweetest black earth, the freshest of green herbs, the stoniest of grey boulders, the darkest of tree sap, and just the subtlest hint of smoky incense. The forest has come alive in a symphony that is leafy, earthy, green, woody version of Serge Lutens' delicate floral masterpiece, De Profundis. There is the same sort of haunting delicacy, of dewy wetness, of youthful life. The two perfumes are fundamentally different in notes, but they share a very similar feel. And, oddly, there is something of a chrysanthemum undertone in Chypre Mousse. Perhaps it's the slightly piquant, peppered, floral greenness created by the other accords together that creates that strange impression. Whatever the cause, Chypre Mousse has the same haunting, evocative impact on me.
The most interesting aspect of Chypre Mousse may be the more unexpected notes. I have no idea what the "hummus" reference in Oriza's list means, but the mushroom-y touch is fascinating. So is the combination of that leather note which has somehow been transformed by the other elements into something familiar, and yet not. This is leather that has been left out in the rain to have Nature and the forest absorb it, transforming it into something that is more a part of their world.
Yet, what I consistently found myself thinking about were the violets or pansies, whose tender refrain wraps its ribbons around you. The funny thing is, I never knew Chypre Mousse included them in my four or five early wearings, and I thought I was quite mad for detecting their delicate, purple hues in a scent intended to be a mossy, mushroom, earthy, forest one. In fact, long before I actually looked at Oriza's list of notes, I sprayed Chypre Mousse on four people, and asked if they could detect violets. They merely scrunched up their eyes, responding with some form of dubious: "I guess."
For them, Chypre Mousse was something indescribable, inexplicable, odd, but utterly mesmerizing. A swirl of unusual notes in a well-blended, seamless, elegant bouquet that they couldn't place or categorize. One Paris fashionista who tested it took a single sniff of her arm, and immediately said, "I've never smelled anything like it. Where can I buy it?!" She couldn't describe it, and neither could two others. A fourth tester was an experienced perfumista, and just looked at me with bewilderment. "What is this??!" Her initial response was uncertainty, but every passing minute changed that. She loved how she couldn't put her finger on the scent or what lay underneath it. Even more so, she was astounded by the trails of aroma that followed in the air around her. As someone whose skin squashes both projection and longevity, she couldn't get over it.
That brings me to Chypre Mousse's sillage and longevity. It's outstanding, even on my crazy, perfume-consuming skin. Two small sprays will create a large cloud all around me for the first hour, followed later by projection that extends about six inches. Later, when the sillage drops around the end of the third hour, Chypre Mousse continues to send out ribbons of scent in the air around you. And it lasts for ages. On average, I get around 10 hours with two small sprays, and well over 12 hours with more.
There are no entries for Chypre Mousse on Fragrantica thus far, but Ida Meister wrote a piece entitled Fragrant Snippets on a few of the Oriza scents. Like me, she was knocked off her feet by Chypre Mousse, and ordered a bottle right away. Her summation for the scent reads as follows:
It is Confession Time. I didn't want to wait for another week: I ordered this edp PRONTO. 😉
Chypre-Mousse sings to me. All that lurks in the forest, humid and expectant after the first September rains. The exquisite aromas of the undergrowth; peat, mushrooms, humus. Moss and more moss; sheer delight for me, who craves that velvety green aromatic cushion beneath the nose, the feet, my fingers! A carpet of russet leaves underfoot, the seductive aroma of grilled chestnuts around the corner. Oriza may have had dandies in mind for Chypre-Mousse, but it is my ongoing intoxicating love affair with all things Green. I will wear my velvet cloak of chypre gratefully.
Chypre Mousse sings to me as well. I think it is an absolute masterpiece. To me, it doesn't smell old-fashioned or dated for one simple reason: I've never smelled anything quite like it. From any age.
Horizon was originally released in 1925, and Oriza describes the fragrance as the embodiment of its decade:
After World War I, the Roaring Twenties reflect the desire of the exotic and the need also through fashion and decoration. [¶] The East and particularly Asia, provide new HORIZONS. [¶] The frenzy for exotic travel and encourages artists to transcend the culture of the East in their creations: new silk, fine embroidery, pearl beads, woody scents, heady and sweet …
In the euphoria of the Roaring Twenties, the female body is revealed, it abolished the corset, the flappers open the eyes and smoking languidly.
Slumming it in the salons of Paris!
The materials, colors, shapes symbolize a new freedom and portend, at the dawn of the Roaring Twenties, the hope of a new HORIZON. [¶][…] [An] Oriental fragrance for boys and tomboys, fragrance of Precious Woods and Ambergris agreements Tabac Blond and Soft Leather.
Top Notes: Bitter orange, Tangerine Confit & Dried Rose.
Heart Notes: Cognac Amber, Aromatic Tobacco Leaves, Cocoa, Roasted Almonds, Old Oak & Patchouli.
Base Notes: Benzoin, Amber Gray [ambergris], Peat, Tabac Blond, Vanilla, Honey & Soft Leather.
Horizon called its siren cry to me the minute I read that long list of notes. Bitter orange and cognac? Patchouli and leather? Ambergris and tobacco? I was almost certain I would buy it, though things ended up differently when I smelled Chypre Mousse. But it was a very close thing. Horizon bloomed on my thin sweater with an explosion of Armagnac that was rich, nutty, and boozy beyond belief. I felt as though I'd actually had a bottle of aged brandy poured on me. Tendrils of smoke, patchouli, amber, and tobacco stirred underneath, but the main bouquet was a forceful explosion of booze in a kaleidoscope of reds, browns, amber, and gold.
It's a different matter on skin. Very different, in fact, and significantly softer. I have to say that I'm glad I didn't end up purchasing Horizon in the end for the simple reason that my skin seems to eat it up like a wolf who hasn't seen food in weeks. I also can't decide if Horizon is less complex on actual skin, or simply so much milder that all its layers aren't as easy to detect. Whatever the case, Horizon is, for the most part, primarily just a boozy, cognac patchouli on me. You can definitely detect the other notes if you sniff closely and pay close attention, but, from afar, it is primarily a very soft patchouli cloud. I much prefer the deeper, more potent, robust version on fabric, alas.
On skin, smelled up close, Horizon opens with leather, patchouli, and cognac, followed by faint hints of bitter dark chocolate that grow stronger with the passing minutes. There are whiffs of caramelized, candied orange and something smoky. This is a true patchouli scent, in all its brown, red, amber glory, smelling spicy, leathered, ambered, and chewy, all at once. Lurking at the edges, there is subtlest hint of something nutty. It never smells almond-y to me, but more like toasted hazelnuts. The whole thing sits atop a base of ambergris that has the element's special, unique characteristics: a very salty sweetness that is also slightly musky, marshy, sweaty, and rich.
There is a definite chewiness and earthiness to Horizon's opening that soon changes into something lighter on my skin. For the first 25 minutes, the perfume is a dark, dense, orange-brown-black mass in visuals, but it turns creamier, smoother, gentler. There are slow stirrings of a very custardy vanilla in the base. At the 45-minute mark, Horizon seems softer and thinner in weight, with sharply reduced sillage, and a movement away from that very dark, leathery, chewy patchouli and leather opening. The orange bits have receded, the boozy cognac has started to evaporate, dark chocolate has turned into milk chocolate, and the patchouli feels infused with cream.
I'm consistently saddened by how quickly the fragrance becomes airy and light. It sits soft and low, with a scent trail that really only lingers for about 40 minutes before it drops to hover an inch or two above the skin. And then it drops even more. At the end of the second hour and the start of the third, Horizon sits right on the skin as a blur of creamy patchouli amber with the tiniest hints of milk chocolate, vanilla, and cognac. By the 6.5 hour mark, Horizon fades away as a blur of patchouli sweetness. It has to be me and my wonky chemistry, for Horizon feels quite potent and forceful in the first ten minutes. And a mere spray on my shirt continues to pulsate in full force days later.
Those with normal skin seem to have fared much better. Take, for example, Ida Meister whose Fragrantica piece on Horizon talks about the perfume's longevity, along with how beautiful and modern it felt:
1925. Really???
Horizon smells utterly contemporary—it brings to mind Bois 1920's Real Patchouly and Chantecaille's Kalimantan. Truly well-aged patchouli is a joy, even for many who are phobic about it, having been previously traumatized by the cheap 1960-1970's "head shop" astringent nostril-singeing variety. 😉 Horizon is as suave as it gets: ambery, boozy, honeyed and oaken. It feels utterly without gender. Horizon is a resinous silk duvet which enfolds you tenderly and possesses remarkable longevity. You can be a throwback to the Summer of Love or a CEO in an Ermenegildo Zegna couture suit; either way, it fits. It is heavenly in its own right, and a perfect illustration of classicism: if the design is excellent, it will remain so in the future. [It DID.]
On Parfumo, the lone review for Horizon is extremely positive, and talks about 12-14 hours of duration. The chap also mentions that his immediate reaction to testing the scent was "this smells like vintage Yohji Homme." I may be remembering things incorrectly, but I believe I read somewhere that Yohji Homme was one of Luca Turin's favorite fragrances, and something whose loss or changes he's mourned. Going back to the Profumo review, the commentator describes Horizon's development, in part, as follows:
Horizon opens with a quick dash of almond before a slight powdery cocoa note emerges, mingling with a subtle dark dulled rose. As the fragrance enters the early heart the cocoa turns less powdery, blooming to full milk chocolate, as it mixes with the primary heart accord of boozy cognac and benzoin-laced semi-sweet amber. Natural woods and a touch of underlying anise join the remnants of the dull rose in support. As the fragrance enters the late dry-down, the cognac and dull rose dissipate while the relatively sweet amber remains dominant, now joined by traces of sanitized patchouli and suede-like leather. Projection is average and longevity is excellent to outstanding at 12-14 hours on skin.
You have no idea how utterly envious I am of such longevity. I loved the opening minutes of Horizon on me and, even more, the complete cognac-fest that exploded on my clothing. On the basis of smell alone, Horizon's initial bouquet is extremely close to the ideal patchouli that I've been looking for since my old favorite from the 1980s, even if the subsequent development became very different. Alas, Horizon doesn't ultimately work for me, but I'm sure that you will have better luck. It's a lovely fragrance.
The romantic, 19th-century poetic style of Ossianism with its poems of fairies, dark forests and mysterious wood are the heart of the inspiration for Reve d'Ossian. Oriza's detailed explanation on the fragrance and its backstory reads, in part:
The [Ossian-style] poems achieved international success (Napoléon Bonaparte was a great fan) and many writers, painters and artists were influenced by the works, including Ingres, Schubert and Oriza L. Legrand Perfumes. […]
"Rêve d'Ossian" is a perfect perfume for those who claim a difference and the rich heritage of the History. Dark and precious essences, wooden notes filled with the mystery of the forest with fairies and pixies…
Top Notes: Frankincense and Pine woods.
Heart Notes: Cinnamon, Benzoin, Tonka Bean and Opopanax [sweet myrrh].
Base Notes: Tolu Balm, Sandalwood, Leather, Labdanum, Amber and Musks.
Reve d'Ossian opens on my skin with sharp black pepper, myrrh's white incense, warmly sweet cinnamon, aromatic pine needles, and dust. It's like an old monastery's library in the middle of some German forest. For me, the dominance of the dust and incense makes the opening share some thematic similarities to Bertrand Duchaufour's Dzonghka for L'Artisan Parfumeur and, to a lesser extent, Heeley's Cardinal. I'm not generally a huge fan of High Church fragrances with olibanum or myrrh, and even less so for things with great dustiness, so I'm rather pleased when the latter quickly disappears. Less than five minutes into Reve d'Ossian's development, it vanishes, a small soapiness takes its place, and the whole thing turns more ambered.
Quickly, Reve d'Ossian turns into a warmer, woodier fragrance with flitting bits of green pine needles that feel as though you've crushed them on your walk through the forest and on your way to church. There is a dark resinous feel underlying the white incense smoke, a pungently aromatic overtone reminiscent of a wintery forest, and the feel of crisp, sweet, piney sap. Less than 60 minutes in, Reve d'Ossian turns soft, a hazy blur of the two types of myrrh incense — olibanum and opoponax — with a touch of amber and only a hint of the great, green, woody outdoors.
At the 2.5 hour mark, the focus of the perfume shifts away from the incense. Reve d'Ossian is now largely an amber scent infused with nutty, warm, soft sweetness of myrrh and a hint of olibanum's soapy whiteness. It lies right on the skin with extremely weak sillage. The fragrance turns into more of a blur, and, at the start of the 6th hour, all traces of amber and sweet myrrh opoponax fade away. In fairness to Oriza, a greater application (around 4 sprays from the atomizer) yielded far better results, just close to 7.5 hours. The sillage, however, remained moderate to soft.
Reve d'Ossian is one of the few Oriza fragrances to have a Fragrantica entry. With regard to longevity and projection, the majority of the votes put it at "moderate," though a few also vote for "weak" in each category. The few reviews thus far are all positive in nature with the most detailed, descriptive one stating:
It's quite close to a balsamic Baghari by Piguet.
A surprising opening, aerial and metallic (aldehydes and terpineols?) notes of pine, old wood and foam on wet stone but it's warming gently, blowing a strange impulse to this myrrh fragrance. The smell of warm lightly ambered paper, dry almost dusty leather binder. An impression of moor in the autumn.
It is so at odds with our modern conception of the perfume he could be the last release of Comme Des Garçons: Odeur 1900, without changing anything.
Truly a beautiful work of resurrection of the house, all these completely forgotten fragrances are high quality, both modern in their treatment and completely faithful to the spirit of time: a real success.
I haven't tried Piguet's Baghari or the Comme de Garcons' scent to be able to compare, but I do agree with much of his description, especially the parts about a dusty leather binder and the dominant role of the myrrh. I also agree that it has a high-quality smell. That said, I think Reve d'Ossian has some problems with it: it has a linear aspect, it's not enormously complex, and it has sillage issues.
Nonetheless, I liked it, even though it's not the sort of scent I normally go for, and I thought it was done with a lot of graceful elegance. There was something very appealing about Reve d'Ossian, very softly comforting in its amber heart. I actually don't think it smells very dated at all, and it's hard to believe that it was originally created in 1905, more than 107 years ago. When you think of how many scents from the early 1900s were floral orientals or chypres like Mitsouko, while today niche fragrance counters abound with a plethora of "churchy" incense, amber scents, it seems clear that Oriza L. Legrand was far ahead of its time.
Next time, we'll visit the remaining four creations of Oriza L. Legrand which are largely floral fragrances that are centered around carnation, lily, and assorted spring bouquets.

subset: commoncrawl


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☶ above KÊN KEEPING STILL, MOUNTAIN
☴ below SUN THE GENTLE, WIND
The Chinese character ku represents a bowl in whose contents worms are breeding. This means decay. It is come about because the gentle indifference in the lower trigram has come together with the rigid inertia of the upper, and the result is stagnation. Since this implies guilt, the conditions embody a demand for removal of the cause. Hence the meaning of the hexagram is not simply "what has been spoiled" but "work on what has been spoiled."
Has supreme success.
It furthers one to cross the great water.
Before the starting point, three days.
After the starting point, three days.
What has been spoiled through man's fault can be made good again through man's work. It is not immutable fate, as in the time of STANDSTILL, that has caused the state of corruption, but rather the abuse of human freedom. Work toward improving conditions promises well, because it accords the possibilities of the time. We must not recoil from work and danger--symbolized by crossing of the great water--but must take hold energetically. Success depends, however, on proper deliberation. This is expressed by the lines, "Before the starting point, three days. After the starting point, three days." We must first know the cause of corruption before we can do away with them; hence it is necessary to be cautious during the time before the start. Then we must see to it that the new way is safely entered upon, so that a relapse may be avoided; therefore we must pay attention to the time after the start. Decisiveness and energy must take the place of the inertia and indifference that have led to decay, in order that the ending may be followed by a new beginning.
The wind blows low on the mountain:
The image of DECAY.
Thus the superior man stirs up the people
And strengthens their spirit.
When the wind blows low on the mountain, it is thrown back and spoils the vegetation. This contains a challenge to improvement. It is the same with debasing attitudes and fashions; they corrupt human society. To do away with this corruption, the superior man must regenerate society. His methods likewise must be derived from the two trigrams, but in such a way that their effects unfold in orderly sequence. The superior man must first remove stagnation by stirring up public opinion, as the wind stirs everything, and must then strengthen and tranquillize the character of the people, as the mountain gives tranquillity and nourishment to all that grows in its vicinity.
Six in the beginning means:
Setting right what has been spoiled by the father.
If there is a son,
No blame rests upon the departed father.
Danger. In the end good fortune.
Rigid adherence to tradition has resulted in decay. But the decay has not yet penetrated deeply and so can still be easily remedied. It is as if a son were compensating for the decay his father allowed to creep in. Then no blame attaches to the father. However, one must not overlook the danger or take the matter too lightly. Only if one is conscious of the danger connected with every reform will everything go well in the end.
Nine in the second place means:
Setting right what has been spoiled by the mother.
One must not be too persevering.
This refers to mistakes that as a result of weakness have brought about decay--hence the symbol, "what has been spoiled by the mother." In setting things right in such a case, a certain gentle consideration is called for. In order not to wound, one should not attempt to proceed too drastically.
Nine in the third place means:
Setting right what has been spoiled by the father.
There will be a little remorse. No great blame.
This describes a man who proceeds a little too energetically in righting the mistakes of the past. Now and then, as a result, minor discourse and annoyances will surely develop. But too much energy is better than too little. Therefore, although he may at times have slight cause for regret, he remains free of any serious blame.
Six in the fourth place means:
Tolerating what has been spoiled by the father.
In continuing one sees humiliation.
This shows the situation of someone too weak to take measures against decay that has its roots in the past and is just beginning to manifest itself. It is allowed to run its course. If this continues, humiliation will result.
○ Six in the fifth place means:
Setting right what has been spoiled by the father.
One meets with praise.
An individual is confronted with corruption originating from neglect in former times. He lacks the power to ward it off alone, but with able helpers he can at least bring about a thorough reform, if he cannot create a new beginning, and this also is praiseworthy.
Nine at the top means:
He does not serve kings and princes,
Sets himself higher goals.
Not every man has an obligation to mingle in the affairs of the world. There are some who are developed to such a degree that they are justified in letting the world go its own way and refusing to enter public life with a view to reforming it. But this does not imply a right to remain idle or to sit back and merely criticize. Such withdrawal is justified only when we strive to realize in ourselves the higher aims of mankind. For although the sage remains distant from the turmoil of daily life, he creates incomparable human values for the future.


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VOYA CONDOS. Pre-Construction in Mississauga
- Project Name: VOYA CONDOS
- Builders: Amacon
- Project Status: Pre-Construction
- Approx Occupancy Date: 2026
- Address: Parkside Village Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- City: Mississauga
- Main Intersection: Parkside Village Dr & Artibus Way
- Architect: Turner Fleischer Architects
- Property Type: High Rise
- Price: Request Pricing Information
New Release of Suites Starting From the Low $600's
Voya Condos Parkside Village is conveniently situated in the heart of downtown Mississauga. Major attractions and amenities including Square One Shopping Centre and Mississauga Celebration Square are both located within walking distance from home. The downtown hub also offers plenty of lifestyle amenities for residents, including nearby restaurants, cafes, bars, pharmacies, and grocery stores. The surrounding area also offers many family friendly extra-curricular activities and entertainment options for all to enjoy.
Post Secondary students are just a short walk away from Sheridan College's Hazel McCallion campus and just a short transit ride to the University of Toronto's Mississauga campus.
Residents of Voya Condos Parkside Village will have easy access to major thoroughfares and many transit options in the area, making it easy to travel throughout the city and the surrounding GTA. The area boasts a strong Transit Score with easy access to MiWay and GO Transit routes. Riders will have the convenience of having transit stops within minutes from home with the City Centre transit hub located nearby. The future Hurontario LRT will quickly transport riders to the Cooksville Go train station which will quickly transport commuters into Union Station. Motorists will enjoy having immediate access to Highway 403 which will allow them to travel seamlessly throughout the region and easily connect to many other GTA Highways.
Even though Voya Condos Parkside Village is located downtown Mississauga, the area still offers plenty of parks and green space for residents of all ages to enjoy. Beautiful Lake Ontario, waterfront trails and parks, and freshwater beaches are just minutes away from home.
For over four decades Amacon has created a reputation within the development industry as being passionate and innovative. They continue to raise the bar by building unparalleled, creative communities of high quality and offering exceptional customer service.
Easy Living
• Helpful, 24-hour concierge, monitoring community access and security systems, as well as a large parcel storage room off concierge
• 2-storey hotel inspired lobby
• 4 tower elevators that provide access to parkade and amenity levels
• Electric car charging stations
• Convenient at grade retail and located in the Parkside Village community
• Proudly built by Amacon in accordance with Tarion Warranty Protection
Superior Safety
• Resident keyless suite door entry
• Camera at all visitor entrances
• Individually encoded resident entry remote/fob for access to parkade, select entrance points and throughout common areas
• Secure elevator lock-off control access to each living floor and common amenity areas
• Entry phone system located in the lobby vestibule
• Hard-wired smoke detectors in every suite and common areas
• Brightly lit, fully secured parkade with security cameras in the garage at pre-selected locations
• Secured storage locker rooms
Understated Sophistication
• Choice between three custom-designed interior finishes palettes
• Stunning 9' ceilings in main living areas, excluding mechanical system bulkheads
• Custom-designed solid core entry door
• Vinyl plank flooring in entry, hallway, kitchen, living room, dining room, den and bedroom(s) as per plan
• Contemporary interior trim and flat interior doors
• Attractive frameless mirrored sliding doors at entry and bedroom(s) closet, as per plan
• Interior walls primed and painted with a low VOC latex paint
• Smooth-finished ceilings
• Private outdoor balcony and/or terrace, as per plan
• Sleek decora-style light switches throughout
• Large capacity in-suite stacked front loader washer and dryer
• Individually controlled heating and cooling
• Voice data wiring and coaxial cable wiring to accommodate telephone, television and for high-speed internet access
Culinary Convenience
• Chef inspired Premium Series Kitchen Appliances consisting of:
• 24" integrated panelled refrigerator
• 24" built-in electric cooktop and wall oven
• 24" panelled dishwasher
• 24" sleek hood fan with premium stainless-steel finish
• Custom-designed flat panel contemporary cabinetry enhanced with sleek brushed chrome/nickel or brass hand pulls, as per finish palette
• Soft-closing drawers and door fronts
• Impressive square-edge quartz countertop
• Full height porcelain tile backsplash
• High arch chrome faucet with pull down spray-head
• Deep undermount stainless-steel kitchen sink
• Convenient under-cabinet lighting
Restful Retreat
• Custom-designed flat panel contemporary vanity with drawer enhanced with sleek brushed chrome/ nickel or brass hand pulls, as per finish palette
• Impressive square-edge quartz vanity countertop
• Undermount sink with single-lever chrome faucet
• Hand set oversized porcelain tile flooring
• Classic full-width vanity mirror
• Custom-designed medicine cabinet to match vanity in ensuite bathroom, as per plan
• Pot lighting throughout
• Deep contour soaker tub with full-height porcelain tile surround
• Pressure balanced and temperature shower controls
• Shower in ensuite bathroom featuring full-height porcelain tile, acrylic shower base and glass shower enclosure with brushed chrome/nickel or brass hardware, as per finish palette
• Revitalizing, rain-styled showerhead
• Chrome accessories including towel bar, paper holder, and shower rod
• Low consumption toilets
• Entry privacy lock
• Exhaust fan vented to exterior


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Discover what net zero carbon emissions means and explore how Etihad Airways will achieve net zero emissions by 2050. We're leading the movement for net zero emissions among airlines to help protect our planet for the future. Find out what you can do to help us on our journey.
What is net zero carbon emissions?
Net zero carbon emissions mean you are actively reducing the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere and offsetting the amount produced with other activities or by avoiding it in the first place. For an airline like Etihad, this net zero target would mean any emissions released into the atmosphere by us are actively reduced so we add no more than we take away.(S1)
Carbon emissions are causing climate change, which is why many global authorities and businesses – including Etihad – are pledging to reduce emissions and eventually reach the all-important net zero figure.
Achieving net zero emissions is a long-term goal which involves the adaptation of existing processes and infrastructure to be more sustainable. This can be done using renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, water, and hydrogen power.
Low carbon technologies and waste reduction policies can also be implemented to reduce carbon emissions. These might include the use of electric vehicles, moving to digital platforms rather than printing, and the recycling of materials.
As a global airline flying passengers around the world, we take the environmental impacts of aviation seriously. We have made several significant changes to our operations and are trialling innovative green technologies through our sustainability programme .
To achieve our zero net CO2 emissions goal by 2050, we're aiming to reduce emissions intensity. That means working to find new and efficient ways to combat our emissions in a measurable way. That measurement is the amount of CO2 produced per each seat, per each flown kilometre. This will be achieved by continuing to innovate through EcoFlights, using sustainable fuels, reducing and recycling waste, innovating in fuel consumption and utilising electric ground transportation.
Our existing sustainability projects include:
Why is net zero emissions important?
Heat retention caused by carbon emissions is causing climate change, extreme weather, and in many cases, the destruction of natural habitats and wildlife. If climate change continues on the same path, we will see extreme weather disruption, loss of ice-covered landscapes and rising of sea levels.
It's vital that we act now and help to protect the future of the planet by embracing sustainability and reducing our carbon emissions. Net zero CO2 emissions from all areas of human activity are our solution to combating climate change, as the reduction in greenhouse gases will help to cool the Earth's atmosphere. Innovation in eco-friendly initiatives are a core part of embracing the necessity of technology, and the safety of our planet.
How can passengers help Etihad achieve net zero emissions
By choosing to fly with Etihad, you're already one step closer to reducing your carbon footprint. But there's even more you can do to help us in our pledge to achieve net zero emissions:
It's important to choose an airline that operates a modern and efficient fleet.
Our CO2 emissions calculator lets you work out the difference in CO2 emissions between an Etihad flight compared to the average emissions of other airlines operating the same or similar route.
To get started, tell us where you're flying to.
Net zero emissions and airlines: FAQs
For a long-haul return flight, each passenger generates roughly 968kg of CO2[MS(1] . A shorter journey – such as Abu Dhabi to Qatar – would give each passenger a carbon footprint of around 230kg of CO2. These figures will vary depending on the age of the aircraft, the number of people on board and the type of fuel used.
A carbon neutral airline removes the same amount of carbon emissions from the atmosphere as it produces. This can be achieved through carbon offset programmes, and initiatives such as Etihad's Mangrove Forest, where trees are planted to balance out the emissions.
Etihad's pledge is to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050, using sustainable flights and rewarding eco-minded travellers. We'll also continue to work with our innovative partners to fight against climate change.
Read our sustainability report to understand our on-going goals, initiatives and innovations in eco-friendly aviation.


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Time: 9:00am Pacific/10:00am Mountain/
11:00am Central/12:00pm Eastern
Location: Blackboard Collaborate
Learn all about EdCamps in this exciting joint session being streamed live from EdCampNJ for organizers and participants to share their first-hand experiences with EdCamp. Learn about what EdCamps/unconferences are, tips for planning, organizing and sustaining them year-long including setting up a weekly Twitter chat (#njedchat). Hear what makes EdCampNJ unique because of tremendous grass-roots support by a very large PLN with many leaders. The session will be facilitated by the amazing Jeff Bradbury, @TeacherCast who has recruited the presenters and arranged for the entire setup for the live streaming. http://edcampnj.org/
Recording (full): https://sas.elluminate.com/site/external/jwsdetect/playback.jnlp?psid=2013-11-23.0821.M.ACE02B5F35AA7E7975F015AAC6F794.vcr&sid=2008350
Tiny URL for Recording: http://hnyctt.me/cr20live-EdCampNJ-11-23-13
Recording Chat: http://wiki.classroom20.com/CR20LIVENov23_2013
Audio Recording (mp3):
Follow-up Reading/Viewing Suggestions: (links shared by participants during the session will be added to this list and also to the Livebinder)
LiveBinder Link: http://www.livebinders.com/play/play?id=1109664
(Note: Click on tab for "EdCampNJ" in the LiveBinder)
http://youtu.be/LbfvqOQrzAk (EdCampNJ Promotional Video)
http://edcampnj.org/what-is-edcamp/ (Description of EdCamp and a short video explaining what it is)
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aJUhhMtd9pqJ0Lc4rks099JKl7TAz2cYBp5ywKv6_mc/pub (EdCampNJ Schedule 2013)
http://guidebook.com/g/edcampnj2013/?ref=badge&gid=15322 (EdCampNJ App)
http://twubs.com/njed (#NJED Twitter Chat, regular Tues night chat at 8:30pm EST)
http://storify.com/wkrakower/njed-chat-what-topics-would-you-like-to-see-at-ed (Storify: NJED Chat-What Topics Would You Like to See at EdCampNJ?)
http://www.teachmeetnj.com/2013-virtual-sessions/ (TeachMeetNJ website, August, 2013)
https://www.facebook.com/TeachMeetnj (Facebook page for TeachMeetNJ 2013)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kjarrett/sets/72157632149168383/ (EdCampNJ 2012 Photos)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kjarrett/sets/72157637989387834/ (EdCampNJ 2013 Photos)
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/post/the-power-of-edcamps-and-unconferencing/2011/03/20/ABVJ6q3_blog.html (The Power of EdCamps and Unconferencing)
http://edcamp.wikispaces.com/ (EdCamp wiki)
http://edcamp.org/ (EdCamp Foundation)
http://www.blogtalkradio.com/royaltreatment/2011/02/16/education-unconferences (BlogTalkRadio recording about Education Unconferences: hear about a specific UnConference for new teachers called ntcamp. Joining us are Principal Patrick Larkin, Burlington High School, Burlington, Mass, Principal Eric Sheninger, New Milford High School, NJ, and Professor Andrew Marcinek Montgomery Co. Community College Instructional Technology Specialist).
http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/TEDxPhiladelphiaED-Kristen-Swan (TEDxTalk by Kristen Swanson, a member of the organizing team for EdCamp Philly. She is passionate about unconferences and quality professional development for teachers).
http://edcampme.wikispaces.com/ (EdCamp Maine Wiki with videos)
http://edcampomaha.wikispaces.com/Recorded+2013+Sessions (EdCamp Omaha 2013 recorded sessions)
http://cybraryman.com/smackdown.html (Cybraryman: Smackdowns from many EdCamps-incredible resource! A Smackdown or Show and Tell is a sharing of websites, tools or teaching tricks that you have found to be great to use. You are given 2 minutes to present the tool to the group. )
http://blog.web20classroom.org/2010/12/lessons-from-smackdown.html (EdCampNT Smackdown resources and video recording)
http://dmlcentral.net/blog/philipp-schmidt/unhangouts (UnHangouts-virtual unconference experience)
Links shared during chat have been added to the Livebinder
http://barcampchiangmai.org/ (@shamblesguru: The tagline for Barcamp (more focused on tech than edu) Chiangmai, Thailand is ... It is an open, participatory event. Anyone can come. There is no audience, only participants. The whole idea is to get smart people that love technology together to collaborate, network, and learn.)
http://educonphilly.org/ (EduCon Philly: Jan. 24-26, 2014)
http://techeducatorpodcast.com/ (TechEducator podcasts hosted by Jeff Bradbury @teachercast)
http://baby.teachercast.net/about-us/edutriplet-facts/ (Blog for Jeff's Edutriplets where you can follow updates)


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WASHINGTON, D.C. – A Federal Aviation Administration analysis of the Boeing 737 MAX following the Lion Air crash last fall found the plane is significantly more likely to crash than other aircraft, according to a person familiar with the analysis document.
Despite the findings, the FAA did not ground the aircraft until after a second crash of the MAX months later. The two crashes claimed 346 lives.
The document, first reported by The Wall Street Journal , is expected to become public at a House Transportation Committee hearing on Wednesday morning, where the FAA Administrator and two whistleblowers are expected to testify.
One of the whistleblowers, Ed Pierson, is a former Boeing employee who worked on the 737 MAX program and raised concerns about internal pressure at Boeing, according to a person familiar with his testimony. Pierson plans to testify that he alerted managers to his concerns about mistakes and cutting corners, the person said.
Pierson's decision to speak publicly after his concerns were raised by lawmakers at a hearing with Boeing CEO Dennis Muilenburg in October. A member of the committee shared internal messages from an unidentified employee who had urged managers to shut down the production line over safety concerns.
"Frankly right now all my internal warning bells are going off," the employee wrote, according to Rep. Albio Sires, who read from the messages. "And for the first time in my life, I'm sorry to say that I'm hesitant about putting my family on a Boeing airplane."
Muilenburg, at that October hearing, said that the company "did have several follow-up sessions with" the whistleblower. "I told him I appreciated the fact that he brought up those issues and concerns."
"We took a number of actions on taking a look at each of the work locations within the factory, each of the production stops. We implemented some additional quality checkpoints in the process," Muilenburg said.
Steven Dickson, the FAA administrator, said in an interview on CNBC prior to his testimony that he expects the grounding of the plane to "extend into 2020." Regulators have at least 10 additional steps to complete before the 737 Max can fly again, he said.
The plane was grounded by regulators in March after the second crash of a jet flown by Ethiopian Airlines.


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Qt Bluetooth C++ Classes
Enables basic Bluetooth operations like scanning for devices and connecting them. More...
This module was introduced in Qt 5.2.
Classes and functions related to Bluetooth |
Assigns an address to the Bluetooth device | |
Discovers the Bluetooth devices nearby | |
Stores information about the Bluetooth device | |
Encapsulates the details of a local QBluetooth device | |
Enables access to the local Bluetooth device | |
Uses the RFCOMM or L2cap protocol to communicate with a Bluetooth device | |
Enables you to query for Bluetooth services | |
Enables access to the attributes of a Bluetooth service | |
Stores attributes of a Bluetooth Data Element Alternative | |
Stores attributes of a Bluetooth Data Element Sequence | |
Enables connection to a Bluetooth device running a bluetooth server | |
Transfers data to another device using Object Push Profile (OPP) | |
Stores the response for a data transfer request | |
Stores information about a data transfer request | |
Generates a UUID for each Bluetooth service | |
Represents the data to be broadcast during Bluetooth Low Energy advertising | |
Represents the parameters used for Bluetooth Low Energy advertising | |
QLowEnergyAdvertisingParameters::AddressInfo defines the elements of a white list | |
Stores information about a Bluetooth Low Energy service characteristic | |
Used to set up GATT service data | |
Used when requesting or reporting an update of the parameters of a Bluetooth LE connection | |
Access to Bluetooth Low Energy Devices | |
Stores information about the Bluetooth Low Energy descriptor | |
Used to create GATT service data | |
Represents an individual service on a Bluetooth Low Energy Device | |
Used to set up GATT service data |
Detailed Description
The Qt Bluetooth C++ API enables an application to scan for devices and connect and interact with them in a more flexible way than the Qt Bluetooth QML Types.
To use the C++ library in your application, add the following configuration option to your .pro
QT += bluetooth
© 2024 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.


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Bristol Marina Bone China Mug by Rolfe & Wills
Bone China Mug featuring a hand drawn illustration of Bristol Marina by Rolfe & Wills.
Dishwasher safe
Holds 14oz of liquid
Height 9cm, Diameter 9cm
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Meet Rolfe & Wills
Alice Rolfe of Rolfe & Wills designs and hand screen prints all of the fabric based pieces in her range. She is inspired by vibrant colour combinations found in nature, and is passionate about the environment.
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SPRINGFIELD, Virginia – Ron Paul, Campaign for Liberty Chairman, and former Chairman of the House Financial Services Subcommittee on Monetary Policy, issued the following statement today regarding Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke's testimony before the House Committee on Financial Services:
"Chairman Bernanke's statement today before Congress and the American people that he hopes to devalue our currency at a rate of 2 percent a year is an insult to the millions of Americans who are struggling to pay higher prices each and every day. Though the debasement is already much greater than 2 percent, 2 percent inflation is still immoral theft and is economically foolhardy.
"Despite what Chairman Bernanke said today, central economic planning with currency inflation and interest rate manipulation does not help the poor and middle class; it merely enriches Wall Street and the politically connected. It hurts those who dare save their money to plan for their own retirement or pay for their children's education. Inflating the money supply in secret to serve special interests and feed the government's overspending must end if we ever expect to get a handle on the serious problems facing our nation.
"Considering the impact the Federal Reserve's policies have on every American's standard of living, it is in the interest of all Americans to join Campaign for Liberty in demanding Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid bring Senator Rand Paul's Audit the Fed (S.209) legislation to the Senate floor for a vote this Congress."
Tags: Ron Paul, Audit the Fed, Campaign for Liberty, Rand Paul


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Indigenous of the Paraguayan Chaco
This is the final article in a series on Paraguay's Chaco region highlighting the local indigenous communities and some of the challenges they face. The first post focused on Filadelfia, the area's largest town, the second on the rural Chaco, and the third on the Mennonites. Unlike my other travelogues that emphasize tourism, this one underscores the sobering reality of life among the local indigenous.
Paraguay's indigenous people comprise less than one percent of its population but have an outsized influence on its culture. Most Paraguayans descended from indigenous and European ancestry. An indigenous language, Guaraní, is one of two official languages of Paraguay (the other is Spanish) and is spoken by most Paraguayans. The country's official currency is the guarani.
In 2009, an estimated 108,000 indigenous persons lived in Paraguay, 46,000 of whom resided in the Chaco. Most belonged to subgroups of the Guarani ethnic group, the largest indigenous group in Paraguay. Local Exnet communities are affiliated with the Maskoy (toba-maskoy) indigenous group.
Life can be harsh for the indigenous living in the dry western portion of Paraguay, an area prone to severe droughts. Many work for local employers such as Mennonite cooperatives or private ranches, earning wages and benefits provided by "assurance associations" that support indigenous communities with medical care, fresh water and other basic services. Some own their own land and cultivate crops that they sell as cash crops. The Paraguayan government and a few non-governmental organizations (NGOs) dedicated to helping the indigenous provide fresh water, education, and other services. The remoteness and relative inaccessibility of the Chaco hinders assistance.
The indigenous I met during a visit in 2009 appeared adequately nourished and clothed. Nevertheless, many lived in poor conditions. Their homes were constructed from cinder block, wood, or available materials including aluminum sheeting, cardboard, tarps, and chicken wire. Some, particularly those living near Mennonite towns such as Filadelfia, Loma Plata, and Colonia Neuland, had access to basic services such as wells, fresh water, schools, health clinics, and community centers. Many who lived in more rural areas did not. Most lacked electricity and telephone service.
Although the International Labor Organization, U.S. Department of Labor, and some NGOs have claimed that child and forced labor occurs in the Chaco, the situation is more complicated than analysts, many of whom have never visited the region and rely on outdated information and indirect sources, have described it. While wages were generally low and some employers have used unfair tactics such as restricted freedom of movement to coerce employees, most Chaco employers in 2009 paid indigenous workers minimum wage or more with a percentage of indigenous' salaries set aside to support local assurance associations that offered indigenous benefits such as health care. Repeated accusations that local employers committed child and forced labor abuses and the increased scrutiny over ranchers' treatment of the indigenous led some to substitute indigenous workers with non-indigenous laborers, creating a situation in which labor abuse claims contributed to indigenous unemployment.
A pressing issue that has received little international attention because it doesn't fit neatly into global human rights agendas is the communities' chronic lack of fresh water caused by persistent drought cycles made worse by climate change. When I visited in 2009, the Paraguayan Chaco was having one of its worst droughts in recent memory with bone dry or contaminated water tanks and reservoirs. The region had had no rainfall for more than six months.
Although the government is responsible for providing some communities with water storage and deliveries of fresh water, distances and drought conditions make assistance difficult. Because most wells produce salty water suitable for agricultural purposes but unfit for human consumption, local communities buy fresh water with the money they earn from agriculture or rely on assistance from assurance associations for potable water.
Meanwhile, those who have advocated indigenous rights have turned a blind eye to this pressing problem to focus on more sensational — and less urgent — issues that are more apt to receive international attention and funding. It's abundantly clear to anyone who visits the Chaco that the biggest issue affecting the indigenous is an inadequate water supply — complicated by the fact that drilling wells won't solve the problem.
The Yakye Axa and Sawhoyamaxa Exnet communities lived in arguably the bleakest conditions of any I visited. In 2009, families from both groups were ensconced on the shoulders of rural Highway 6 near the town of Pozo Colorado, squatting next to private ranches that had annexed land once belonging to the indigenous. They had no local access to water; could not drill wells because of the salty water table; had difficulty growing crops because the sandy soil and limited space; and lacked access to electricity even though power lines passed overhead. The Paraguayan government delivered food and water weekly, but water shortages forced some to drink contaminated water from open cesspools. Some worked on private ranches for low wages and few benefits.
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR), to which Paraguay is a party, ruled that these communities had been unjustly evicted from their native lands by local ranchers in the 1980s and held the Paraguayan government liable. In 2005, the IACHR determined that the government had violated the rights of 64 Yakye Axa families and mandated that it remit monetary compensation and 16,000 hectares of land. It ruled in favor of the 19 Sawhoyamaxa families in 2006 and imposed similar penalties, including a remit of 15,000 hectares of land. The Yakye Axa and Sawhoyamaxa refused to move until the government compensated them with land.
Amnesty International reported that the Sawhoyamaxa families were compensated with land in September 2011 and the Yakye Axa as well in February 2012, enabling them to relocate, at long last, to their new homes. Paraguay, to its credit, has made efforts to comply fully with the IACHR rulings. I was delighted to learn that the situation had been favorably resolved for these families and hope that they no longer live in the homes shown in the photos below.
A cattle ranch on land claimed by the Yakye Axa.
The time I spent in the Paraguayan Chaco had a profound influence on me. It made me appreciate life more and not take for granted what I have in abundance. I admire the strength and fortitude of the local residents, from the Mennonites who have worked hard to turn semiarid desert into an agriculture bread basket, to the indigenous who have struggled to eke out a living with meager means in a harsh climate.
The Chaco is a place lost in time and unknown to most. Those who live there survive, and even thrive, in obscurity. It's my hope that my series on the Chaco has brought this fascinating place to life for readers who might never have given it another thought and highlighted the triumphs and tragedies that make it the truly unique place that it is.
More about the Chaco
- Filadelfia, the capital of Boquerón Province and the largest town in the Chaco
- Mennonite communities in the Chaco
- The rural Paraguayan Chaco
How You Can Help
If you want to learn more about the indigenous in Paraguay or to lend your support, contact the following organizations. I have no affiliation or connection with them but know that they are dedicated Paraguayan NGOs.
- Indigenous-Mennonite Cooperation Services Association
- Melodia Cultural Center
- Tierra Viva
- CODEHUPY (Coordinator of Human Rights in Paraguay)
- Project for the People of Paraguay


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Archie Comics, the acclaimed and bestselling comic book publisher that is home to some of the best-known pop culture creations in the world, including Archie, Jughead, Betty & Veronica, Josie & The Pussycats, Sabrina the Teenage Witch and the hit AFTERLIFE WITH ARCHIE series, announced the unthinkable today: Legendary comic book character Archie Andrews will die to conclude the hit LIFE WITH ARCHIE comic series.
The iconic comic book character, beloved by millions around the globe for over 70 years, will sacrifice himself heroically while saving the life of a friend in the pages of July's LIFE WITH ARCHIE #36, the final issue in the flash-forward series, which spotlights Archie's adventures after high school and college.
"We've been building up to this moment since we launched LIFE WITH ARCHIE five years ago, and knew that any book that was telling the story of Archie's life as an adult had to also show his final moment," said Archie Comics Publisher/Co-CEO Jon Goldwater. "Archie has and always will represent the best in all of us—he's a hero, good-hearted, humble and inherently honorable. This story is going to inspire a wide range of reactions because we all feel so close to Archie. Fans will laugh, cry, jump off the edge of their seats and hopefully understand why this comic will go down as one of the most important moments in Archie's entire history. It's the biggest story we've ever done, and we're supremely proud of it."
The story will be available in multiple formats, including an extra-large magazine-size LIFE WITH ARCHIE #36, two comic-sized issues—LIFE WITH ARCHIE #36 and #37—and a trade paperback collecting the entire story, written by regular LIFE WITH ARCHIE writer Paul Kupperberg, with art by Pat & Tim Kennedy and Fernando Ruiz.
While LIFE WITH ARCHIE #36 shows readers Archie's final moments, #37 leaps a year into the future, showcasing how the remaining members of the Riverdale gang—including Jughead, Betty & Veronica and Reggie—have honored the legacy of their dear friend. Both stories will be collected in the double-sized LIFE WITH ARCHIE #36 magazine and upcoming trade paperback.
In addition to the acclaimed regular LIFE WITH ARCHIE creative team, the two comic book issues—sold exclusively at comic shops in July—will feature a pantheon of artistic luminaries contributing covers to the historic issue, including Francesco Francavilla, Fiona Staples, Ramon Perez, Walt Simonson, Jill Thompson, Mike Allred, Cliff Chiang, Adam Hughes, Tommy Lee Edwards and Alex Ross.


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[QUOTE=Devaishwarya;5502922]Personally...I've always wanted the mutants to stand up for themselves and be proactive.
Even as far back as the Claremont days, they always seemed to be reacting to outside threats. And while now they still are reacting to an extent (and why I got quickly bored with and dropped X-Force), there is a sense of what the younglings call "agency" in their stance and an attitude that says we are no longer willing to sit idly by and have to world tell us where we must live or who to be.[/QUOTE]
Without some support from the hero community and/or humans a proactive stance would have been used by enemies of mutantkind to stoke fear and hatred. The initial approach was the right one, the problem is that the X-franchise can't move to the next logical step because it would radically change the X-Men. That next step, as I've said again and again, is actual integration - mutants becoming largely accepted/tolerated/understood and a cooperative effort between mutants and humans to take care of mutants with powers that are a danger to themselves or others, and villainous mutants as well.
How many humans are actually militantly anti-mutant? How many would actually want to work with the X-Men to make a better world for everyone? Surely there are hundreds of thousands of humans who are either related to a mutant or have a close relationship with one, and a large percentage of them must want a safe world for that person or person(s). The idea that all of humanity must be deeply against mutants and not that many are just being led by The Powers That Be doesn't work for me.


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The set of the names of all slots accessible in an instance of a class C is the union of the sets of names of slots defined by C and its superclasses. The structure of an instance is the set of names of local slots in that instance.
In the simplest case, only one class among C and its superclasses defines a slot with a given slot name. If a slot is defined by a superclass of C, the slot is said to be inherited. The characteristics of the slot are determined by the slot specifier of the defining class. Consider the defining class for a slot S. If the value of the :allocation slot option is :instance, then S is a local slot and each instance of C has its own slot named S that stores its own value. If the value of the :allocation slot option is :class, then S is a shared slot, the class that defined S stores the value, and all instances of C can access that single slot. If the :allocation slot option is omitted, :instance is used.
In general, more than one class among C and its superclasses can define a slot with a given name. In such cases, only one slot with the given name is accessible in an instance of C, and the characteristics of that slot are a combination of the several slot specifiers, computed as follows:
A consequence of the allocation rule is that a shared slot can be shadowed. For example, if a class C1 defines a slot named S whose value for the :allocation slot option is :class, that slot is accessible in instances of C1 and all of its subclasses. However, if C2 is a subclass of C1 and also defines a slot named S, C1's slot is not shared by instances of C2 and its subclasses. When a class C1 defines a shared slot, any subclass C2 of C1 will share this single slot unless the defclass form for C2 specifies a slot of the same name or there is a superclass of C2 that precedes C1 in the class precedence list of C2 that defines a slot of the same name.
A consequence of the type rule is that the value of a slot satisfies the type constraint of each slot specifier that contributes to that slot. Because the result of attempting to store in a slot a value that does not satisfy the type constraint for the slot is undefined, the value in a slot might fail to satisfy its type constraint.
The :reader, :writer, and :accessor slot options create methods rather than define the characteristics of a slot. Reader and writer methods are inherited in the sense described in Section 7.6.7 (Inheritance of Methods).
Methods that access slots use only the name of the slot and the type of the slot's value. Suppose a superclass provides a method that expects to access a shared slot of a given name, and a subclass defines a local slot with the same name. If the method provided by the superclass is used on an instance of the subclass, the method accesses the local slot.


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There is nothing more soothing to the mind, body, and soul than a large peace lily. Create that peace in that special someone'e life for any occasion. Peace to the World is the theme for the day! Shower the world with love and peace for there is no greater karma!


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types of lip liner
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A Hong Kong court has convicted seven prominent pro-democracy advocates, including lawyer Martin Lee and media tycoon Jimmy Lai, of unlawful assembly for their roles in organizing an anti-government protest.
The convictions on Thursday come amid a general crackdown on dissent in Hong Kong and just days after Chinese officials approved a major overhaul of the its electoral system that gives Beijing near-total control in choosing the territory's leaders.
Leung Kwok-hung, a former Hong Kong lawmaker known as "Long Hair," was also among those convicted.
"Shame on political prosecution! Peaceful demonstration is not a crime," Leung shouted after the conviction, according to the South China Morning Post.
Others found guilty were Margaret Ng, Lee Cheuk-yan, Albert Ho, and Cyd Ho — all veterans of Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement.
Their next court appearance is scheduled for April 16, when mitigation pleas will be heard in an effort to reduce their sentences, which could amount to several years in prison.
Two others, former pro-democracy lawmakers Au Nok-hin and Leung Yiu-chung, pleaded guilty in February.
The defendants were granted bail on condition they hand over travel documents and not leave Hong Kong. However, SCMP reported that Lai, Leung Kwok-hung, and Au will remain in custody because of separate legal issues.
The trial, held in District Court in West Kowloon, focused on what prosecutors said was an unauthorized procession on Aug. 18, 2019.
That rally — one of dozens in 2019 — drew hundreds of thousands of people. It began as an approved rally in the city's Victoria Park but later moved to Hong Kong's Central district, in what prosecutors say was an illegal expansion of the protest.
"So on this day, in a very difficult situation in Hong Kong, political retaliation is on us," Lee Cheuk-yan said ahead of his conviction, according to The Associated Press.
"We will still march on no matter what lies in the future. We believe in the people of Hong Kong, in our brothers and sisters in our struggle, and the victory is ours if the people of Hong Kong are persistent," he said.
Cyd Ho, of the Labour Party, said the verdict highlighted the loss of freedom of expression in Hong Kong and that "the collapse" of its political framework invited "a hotbed for corruption," according to the Post.
The defense argued that even though defendants lacked a permit to move the march, they were simply leading participants out of the park to avoid overcrowding. Prosecutors said that crowd control was used as a pretext for expanding the scope of the rally.
In her ruling, Judge Amanda Woodcock found that there was no evidence that exit routes from the park had been blocked or that the park was dangerously overcrowded. Instead, she said the seven intended to stage an unlawful event.
"I am sure this public procession was not about dispersal of crowds. That was a description used to defy the law and circumvent the ban. This intention was vocalised repeatedly and publicly days before the public meeting. It was only a dispersal plan in name, and the truth is it was a planned unauthorised assembly," Woodcock wrote in her judgement.
In her ruling, Woodcock acknowledged that Hong Kong's Basic Law — a legal framework that China agreed to abide by when it took control of the former British colony in 1997 — guarantees the right to peaceful assembly, but that "restrictions are imposed, including those for preserving public safety and public order, and protecting the rights of others."
Ahead of the decision, supporters and some of the defendants gathered outside the court, shouting "Oppose political persecution" and reiterating a key slogan of the protests: "Five demands, not one less."
Lee, Ng and Lai — the founder of the Apple Daily newspaper that is critical of Beijing — were among 15 arrested nearly a year ago on the charges of organizing illegal protests.
Lai was arrested again in August along with several others, including both his sons, for allegedly violating Beijing's newly-imposed national security law. He was arrested a third time in December on fraud charges unrelated to last summer's protests. He has been held ever since then, except for briefly receiving bail before the order was reversed on appeal.
Lee is 82, Lai and Ng are 73 and the other defendants are all in their 60s, reflecting a sharp contrast with Hong Kong's high-profile student protest leaders, three of whom were recently sentenced to several months in jail for their role in the protests.
Some 47 other high-profile activists are facing subversion charges under the national security law – most of whom have been denied bail, according to the AP.
The Hong Kong protests were sparked by a proposed extradition law that would have allowed some offenses committed in Hong Kong to be tried by mainland Chinese courts. Pro-democracy advocates said the law was an usurpation of Hong Kong freedoms and autonomy guaranteed under the Basic Law.
Although the extradition bill was later withdrawn, the protesters expanded their demands, calling for universal suffrage for Hong Kong and for other freedoms they say were promised by Beijing when it regained control over the territory.
Western governments, including the U.S. under both the Trump and Biden administrations, have condemned the arrest of the democracy leaders.
In its 2021 Hong Kong Policy Act Report, released on Wednesday, the U.S. State Department said China had used the new national security law " to stifle pro-democracy voices and crack down on political activity."
"Since June 2020, elements of the [Hong Kong police] and the Hong Kong Department of Justice worked with, and under the supervision of, mainland Chinese officials to carry out politically motivated reprisals against opposition politicians and activists."
In a statement on Wednesday, Secretary of State Antony Blinken said that China had "severely undermined the rights and freedoms of people in Hong Kong," through arbitrary arrests and politically motivated prosecutions as well as "pressure on judicial independence and academic and press freedoms."
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