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Libvirt management
Contents |
1 Managing libvirt environments (ConVirt 3.4.4+ )
Starting ConVirt 3.4.4, you can use ConVirt to manage libvirt hosts in a centralized fashion. In addition, you get the following automation features from using the ConVirt framework.
* Template based provisioning * Scheduled provisioning * High Availability * Dynamic Workload Management (similar to VMware DRS) * Backup and Restore * Annotation for collaboration * and more.
1.1 Prerequisites
- Xen or KVM Virtualization host
- Libvirt 1.2+
- Tested an certified platforms
* Ubuntu 14.04 KVM * Ubuntu 14.04 Xen ( live migration not working at the moment, will be available with libvirt 1.2.6) * CentOS 7 KVM
1.2 Preparing a Libvirt Host
- root account is setup with password and can be remotely access. ConVirt uses the root account to do storage and networking changes.
- Use the same procedure to prepare libvirt node as any other platform. For details refer to Preparing Managed Servers
1.3 Adding/Discovering Libvirt Host
Select Data Center and choose Create New Server Pool option from the context menu. Specify Libvirt in plaform drop down and select the platform (xen/kvm) as well as the communication/transport (tcp, ssh, tls). You will also need to have to give root credentials.
After few seconds pressing ok, you will see a node in the navigator under server pool and a Import Virtual Machine task submitted in the bottom task panel. You will start seeing virtual machines on that server show up under the host/server node in the navigator.
1.4 Creating Virtual Machine
Please refer to Creating Virtual Machine page to get idea of the overall flow. Some of the things that can be tweaked are explained here.
- Create your custom template by doing a Create Like on one of the libvirt template in Libvirt Templates folder.
- For KVM/Xen : Storage tab, and point to correct ISO.
- For KVM : Miscellaneous tab : kvm_emulator : Point to the kvm binary.
- For Xen : Miscellaneous tab : xen_emulator : Default should work in most cases.
- Disk customization : You can use the disk_custom field to add additional tags and attributes to disks. The default value shows how to add cache='none' in the disk attribute.
- ["{'tag': 'driver', 'attr': 'cache', 'value': 'none'}"]
- For adding specific attributes to a specific disk, use the <device>_custom attribute in the Miscellaneous tab. for e.g. hda_custom or vda_custom
- Device customization : You can use the device.xml under convirt-enterprise/image_store/<image/template name> directory to customize default devices that are added to the newly created VM.
- For Xen PV template: Download the kernel and ramdisk for network installation and make it available to all nodes via shared location or rsync/scp.
- Go to Boot Params and change the kernel and ramdisk to point to the location where you copied the kernel and ramdisk on the managed node.
- Adjust kernel args to have correct url for the installation.
- Provision a new VM using the template and go through the installation.
- After successful installation, stop the VM.
- Now Edit the VM and change the Boot Params page to use the boot loader by checking the "Boot Loader" checkbox.
- Now the VM would start using the boot loader instead of going back to installation flow.
1.5 Virtual Machine Operations
You can select the virtual machine and use the context menu to do various VM operations like start, stop, pause etc.
1.6 Automation features
The libvirt platform enjoys all the features mentioned below. Refer to ConVirt Enterprise Documentation for more details. For convenience some of the topics are linked here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Share your favorite place so that if any of us are far away from home, we can satisfy our yearnings for a good sandwich in any part of the country. Difference of opinions will arise, but remember that we are all bound by one common thread- the search and appreciation of a good banh mi sandwich. So please, house rules are to comment only your favorite. Lets just discuss the positives and where the recommended eateries are. Do not post any negative comments about any banh mi place, because we would rather spend our precious time eating than reading any negative, non-constructive comments. No haters, only banh mi lovers.
Visit the comments for places that have been shared already.
Comment to share your opinions on the best places and any that we've missed:
Area Directory – Austin, TX
Area Directory – Houston, TX


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« Prev | To Cornelius in Exile, Concerning His Confession. | Next » |
Epistle LVI.26192619 Oxford ed.: Ep. lx. a.d. 252.
To Cornelius in Exile, Concerning His Confession.
Argument.—Cyprian Praises in Cornelius and His People Their Confession of the Name of Christ Even to Banishment; And Exhorts Them to Constancy and to Mutual 351Prayer for One Another, as Well in Respect of the Approaching Day of Struggle in This Life, as After Death.26202620 Damasus mentions this epistle in the life of Cornelius, as being that on account of which a calumny arose, whence the tyrant took an excuse for his death.
1. Cyprian to Cornelius his brother, greeting. We have been made acquainted, dearest brother, with the glorious testimonies of your faith and courage, and have received with such exultation the honour of your confession, that we count ourselves also sharers and companions in your merits and praises. For as we have one Church, a mind united, and a concord undivided, what priest does not congratulate himself on the praises of his fellow-priest26212621 [Note the entire equality of these bishops. Carthage and Rome are of equal sacerdocy.] as if on his own; or what brotherhood would not rejoice in the joy of its brethren? It cannot be sufficiently declared how great was the exultation and how great the joy here, when we had heard of your success and bravery, that you had stood forth as a leader of confession to the brethren there; and, moreover, that the confession of the leader had increased by the consent of the brethren; so that, while you precede them to glory, you have made many your companions in glory, and have persuaded the people to become a confessor by being first prepared to confess on behalf of all; so that we are at a loss what we ought first of all to commend in you, whether your prompt and decided faith, or the inseparable love of the brethren. Among you the courage of the bishop going before has been publicly proved, and the unitedness of the brotherhood following has been shown. As with you there is one mind and one voice, the whole Roman Church has confessed.26222622 [Cornelius the voice of his diocese only because they concur with him. Compare Leto, Vat. Council, p. 223 and passim.]
2. The faith, dearest brethren, which the blessed apostle commended in you has shone brightly. He even then in the spirit foresaw this praise of courage and firmness of strength; and, attesting your merits by the commendation of your future doings, in praising the parents he provokes the children. While you are thus unanimous, while you are thus brave, you have given great examples both of unanimity and of bravery to the rest of the brethren. You have taught them deeply to fear God, firmly to cling to Christ; that the people should be associated with the priests in peril; that the brethren should not be separated from brethren in persecution; that a concord, once established, can by no means be overcome; that whatsoever is at the same time sought for by all, the God of peace will grant to the peaceful. The adversary had leapt forth to disturb the camp of Christ with violent terror; but, with the same impetuosity with which he had come, he was beaten back and conquered; and as much fear and terror as he had brought, so much bravery and strength he also found. He had thought that he could again overthrow the servants of God, and agitate them in his accustomed manner, as if they were novices and inexperienced—as if little prepared and little cautious. He attacked one first, as a wolf had tried to separate the sheep from the flock, as a hawk to separate the dove from the flying troop; for he who has not sufficient strength against all, seeks to gain advantage from the solitude of individuals. But when beaten back as well by the faith as by the vigour of the combined army, he perceived that the soldiers of Christ are now watching, and stand sober and armed for the battle; that they cannot be conquered, but that they can die; and that by this very fact they are invincible, that they do not fear death; that they do not in turn assail their assailants, since it is not lawful for the innocent even to kill the guilty; but that they readily deliver up both their lives and their blood; that since such malice and cruelty rages in the world, they may the more quickly withdraw from the evil and cruel. What a glorious spectacle was that under the eyes of God! what a joy of His Church in the sight of Christ, that not single soldiers, but the whole camp, at once went forth to the battle which the enemy had tried to begin! For it is plain that all would have come if they could have heard, since whoever heard ran hastily and came. How many lapsed were there restored by a glorious confession! They bravely stood, and by the very suffering of repentance were made braver for the battle, that it might appear that lately they had been taken at unawares, and had trembled at the fear of a new and unaccustomed thing, but that they had afterwards returned to themselves; that true faith and their strength, gathered from the fear of God, had constantly and firmly strengthened them to all endurance; and that now they do not stand for pardon of their crime, but for the crown of their suffering.
3. What does Novatian say to these things, dearest brother? Does he yet lay aside his error? Or, indeed, as is the custom of foolish men, is he more driven to fury by our very benefits and prosperity; and in proportion as the glory of love and faith grows here more and more, does the madness of dissension and envy break out anew there? Does the wretched man not cure his own wound, but wound both himself and his friends still more severely, clamouring with his tongue to the ruin of the brethren, and hurling darts of poisonous eloquence, more severe in accordance with the wickedness of a secular philosophy than peaceable with the gentleness of the Lord's wisdom,—a deserter of the Church, a foe to mercy, a destroyer of repent352ance, a teacher of arrogance, a corrupter of truth, a murderer of love? Does he now acknowledge who is the priest of God; which is the Church and the house of Christ; who are God's servants, whom the devil molests; who the Christians, whom Antichrist attacks? For neither does he seek those whom he has already subdued, nor does he take the trouble to overthrow those whom he has already made his own. The foe and enemy of the Church despises and passes by those whom he has alienated from the Church, and led without as captives and conquered; he goes on to harass those in whom he sees Christ dwell.
4. Even although any one of such should have been seized, there is no reason for his flattering himself, as if in the confession of the name; since it is manifest that, if people of this sort should be put to death outside the Church, it is no crown of faith, but is rather a punishment of treachery. Nor will those dwell in the house of God among those that are of one mind, whom we see to have withdrawn by the madness of discord from the peaceful and divine household.
5. We earnestly exhort as much as we can, dearest brother, for the sake of the mutual love by which we are joined one to another, that since we are instructed by the providence of the Lord, who warns us, and are admonished by the wholesome counsels of divine mercy, that the day of our contest and struggle is already approaching, we should not cease to be instant with all the people in fastings, in watchings, in prayers. Let us be urgent, with constant groanings and frequent prayers. For these are our heavenly arms, which make us to stand fast and bravely to persevere. These are the spiritual defences and divine weapons which defend us. Let us remember one another in concord and unanimity. Let us on both sides always pray for one another. Let us relieve burdens and afflictions by mutual love, that if any one of us, by the swiftness of divine condescension, shall go hence the first, our love may continue in the presence of the Lord, and our prayers for our brethren and sisters not cease in the presence of the Father's mercy. I bid you, dearest brother, ever heartily farewell.
« Prev | To Cornelius in Exile, Concerning His Confession. | Next » |


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I am so
excited that PROJECT EMERGENCE by Jamie
Zakian releases today and that I get to share the news!
If you
haven't yet heard about this wonderful book by Author Jmaie Zakian, be sure to
check out all the details below.
This blitz
also includes a giveaway for a DVD
of Passengers, US Only or the complete eBook set of Fire
In The Woods, International, courtesy of Month9Books. So if you'd like a chance to win,
enter in the Rafflecopter at the bottom of this post.
About The Book:
Title: PROJECT
Author: Jamie
Date: March 14, 2017
Format: Paperback, eBook
Pages: 292
Find it: Goodreads | Amazon | B&N | TBD | iBooks | Kobo | Google Play Books | Indiebound
An ancient Hopi myth says people arrived on tiny silver pods that fell
from the sky.
But the truth is far more terrifying.
Two-hundred fifty-eight teens are sent from a dying Earth to a
terraformed Mars as part of the Emergence Program, mankind's last hope before
solar flares finish off their planet and species. Among the brave pioneers are
sixteen-year-old Joey Westen and her twin brother, Jesse.
After only minutes in space, something triggers a total ship lock down.
With the help of their roommates, the Matsuda twins (notorious hackers
and shady secret-keepers), Joey and Jesse stumble onto an extremist plot to
sabotage the Emergence Program.
But Joey and Jesse didn't travel to the deepest pits of space and leave
their mother behind to be picked off in a high-tech tin can. They'll lie, hack,
and even kill to survive the voyage and make it to Mars.
Beads of sweat formed between Winslow's palm and the device, but he held
tight. All his screens, which provided invaluable data, sat as black as the
infinite cosmos before him. Flying blind, in ancient throughways created by …
only God knows who—it unsettled and disturbed the mind.
However, the bowed
windshield provided him a spectacular view without the instrument panel aglow.
Leaning over, he searched for the orange glimmer of Earth, but after
ninety minutes in hyper drive, the scorched planet was far from view. The
bright streaks of distant stars overshadowed any hope of glimpsing home.
"Do you really think that woman can stop the … " Natalia glanced around
then leaned in to whisper, "attack."
"We've made it farther than all the other expeditions. That gives me
hope," he replied softly.
"We had a great run though, didn't we?" Natalia smirked as she tucked a
stray hair behind her ear.
"Remember that time—"
"This sounds an awful lot like a goodbye speech, Kozlov."
"Ooh, Kozlov," Natalia drawled. "You haven't called me by my last name
since I was a cadet. Geez, you must be serious."
"We have to have faith." Winslow looked to the men and women stationed at
the far end of the control room, then to the shining rod in his grasp. "The
human race can't end with us; we've come too far. We have to persevere."
"You know. After you told me about the other ships, I almost resigned
from this voyage." Natalia turned her chair from the control panel, facing him.
"Do you know why I didn't?"
Winslow clicked his chair around, staring at Natalia. A pink tinge
flushed her cheeks, her nails drumming out a steady beat on the armrest. She
looked so anxious. Risky test flights, solar flares, bombs, nothing shook her
nerve so far. Yet right now, her lips trembled.
"I'm in love with you, Gerald. If we're gonna die in thirty minutes, I
thought you should at least know that." Her eyes darted away, and she repositioned
her seat.
His jaw dropped open. He tried to speak, but his words bunched in his
throat. Natalia stole a glance and a hard thump rattled his chest. He never
noticed that sparkle in her blue eyes, which gleamed against her olive skin,
until now.
A wisp of brown hair fell from behind her ear, and his heart skipped
faster. He looked to his watch, his hold on the jammer tightening. Only twenty
minutes left. What-ifs and could-bes didn't much matter anymore, these were
most likely his final moments.
He unfastened his safety belt, scooting to the edge of his seat. A smile
threatened to invade his lips, but he held a straight face. The shuffle of
crewmembers faded as he pulled the lever beneath Natalia's seat, spinning her
chair to gaze upon her face. An unexpected flutter ran through his stomach with
her stare, her smirk. It drew him in, brought him to one knee. Their lips found
each other, and he kissed her, softly, under the glow of starlight.
About Jamie:
Jamie Zakian is a full-time writer who consumes the written word as
equally as oxygen. Living in South Jersey with her husband and rowdy family,
she enjoys farming, archery, and blazing new trails on her 4wd quad, when not
writing of course. She aspires to one day write at least one novel in every
genre of fiction.
Giveaway Details:
1 winner will receive a DVD of Passengers, US Only.
1 winner will win the complete FIRE IN THE WOODS eBook set,
a Rafflecopter giveaway


text:
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You can change your mind at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link in the footer of any email you receive from us, or by contacting us at email@example.com. We will treat your information with respect. For more information about our privacy practices please visit our website. By clicking below, you agree that we may process your information in accordance with these terms.


text:
I came across a really interesting infographic article this week about how marketers and advertisers differ from the average population. It probably isn't a surprise that marketers use social media more and are more active on newer sites, but they also pay more attention to brands on social media. Given this, it isn't surprising that marketers think that it is important for businesses to participate on social media more so than "normal" people do.
Stop Vomiting QR Codes at Me; Normal People Dont' Use Them.
The mass adoption of QR Codes in marketing is a perfect example of this. It seemed that everywhere you turn these days there is a QR code, typically with no compelling reason as to why I should scan it. Only 5% of consumers have actually scanned a QR code recently. Marketers are flocking to QR codes, but their love of the new medium is not shared by consumers.
As marketers, it is important to consider the actual usage habits of the audiences we want to reach. Most people don't scan QR codes. Why waste your limited print space with a call to action that few people know what to do with and even fewer will actually do.
Remember How Normal Humans Act. They Are NOT Super Users.
Regular people don't love to adopt new technologies or connect with brands because they do interesting things on the internet. Regular people like brands on the internet because they like them in real life. They don't want to try every new social network (like Google+ or Spotify). They watch TV on a TV. They don't want to follow brands on Twitter.
They want to discover what interests them, and sometimes that comes from a company.
Enjoy this Infographic – The Last Section is Hysterical.


text:
Continental Vanco Eco Tyres Available in Alresford
Vanco Eco
- Cost-effective due to optimised rolling resistance.
- Short braking distances, even on wet surfaces.
- Car-like handling.
- Trusted by leading car manufacturers; Mercedes-Benz Viano/Vito, Renault Master and VW T5 come equipped with Vanco Eco from the factory.
- Engineered in Germany, Continental develops award-winning premium tyres with optimum braking performance and safety.
Reduced fuel consumption and lower rolling resistance are the hallmarks of the new Continental VancoEco tyre for light commercial vehicles. Specially developed for vans such as the Mercedes Viano, Vito and Sprinter, Ford Transit and Volkswagen T5, Continental's VancoEco boasts up to 30% less rolling resistance and a calculated four percent saving in fuel and emissions, than standard versions. At the same time engineers have managed to cut the braking distances on both wet and dry road surfaces making the tyre more car-like in its performance.
Sorry, we currently do not have any tyres with the Vanco Eco pattern in stock.
Contact us to see if we can order these in for you.


text:
Almost immediately after federal prosecutors shut down Megaupload.com on charges of violating piracy laws, Twitter and online forums exploded with chatter about revenge and retaliation.
Federal prosecutors shut down file-sharing service Megaupload.com on Jan. 19 for distributing illegal content in one of the largest online piracy crackdowns in Internet history and arrested four individuals.
Hours later, Websites belonging to the FBI, U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Copyright Office and several entertainment giants, including Universal Music, the Recording Industry Association of America and the Motion Picture Association of America, were knocked offline by distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and remained unavailable for the remainder of the day and evening.
Hacktivist collective Anonymous immediately launched OpMegaupload and coordinated DDoS against a number of Websites. Supporters were encouraged to download a tool, the Low Orbit Ion Cannon, that would direct a flood of traffic to the targeted site. The combined floods eventually overwhelm the server as it tries to process all the requests.
An account associated with Anonymous, AnonOps, claimed credit for taking down the Department of Justice Website. The post read, "justice.gov & universalmusic.com TANGO DOWN! You should have EXPECT US!"
Universal Music appeared to have been targeted because the music company had recently been trying to force YouTube to take down a promotional video produced by Megaupload featuring several artists signed with Universal who were praising the file-sharing site.
Another Twitter account associated with the collective, AnonymousIRC, at one point claimed more than 1,500 people were in its Internet Relay Chat room discussing the operation and other potential targets, including the White House and Viacom. AnonOps claimed OpMegaUpload was the "largest attack operation ever," with 5,635 people taking part.
"DDoS is to the Internet what the billy club is to gang warfare: simple, cheap, unsophisticated and effective," Rob Rachwald, director of security strategy at Imperva, told eWEEK. Despite its simplicity, DDoS attacks lend themselves well to crowdsourcing, making it possible for a loose band of hacktivists such as Anonymous to have such an impact on so many sites at once.
The attacks impacted overall Internet traffic. Content delivery network provider Akamai registered 218 attacks in the last 24 hours, according to its real-time Web monitoring tool. The data visualization tool reported attack-related traffic was up 24 percent over normal, while general network traffic was up 13 percent.
"The same thing that happened to #Megaupload can happen to any other major (or small) website you love as well.! Fight back! #OpMegaupload," AnonymousIRC posted on Twitter.
The Megaupload shutdown came just a day after various groups and companies participated in a 24-hour Internet strike, where several thousand Websites voluntarily took themselves offline to protest two controversial anti-piracy bills under debate in Congress. Opponents to the bill believe the broad powers granted to copyright holders would make it too easy to shut down legitimate Websites without due process and would encourage online censorship. In fact, if the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and Protect IP Act (PIPA) had been passed, the FBI would not have needed to get involved in shutting down Megaupload at all.
Twitter account YourAnonNews posted, "Megaupload was taken down w/out SOPA being law. Now imagine what will happen if it passes. The Internet as we know it will end. FIGHT BACK."
To read the original eWeek article, click here: Anonymous Avenges Megaupload Shutdown With Attacks on FBI, Hollywood Websites


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Japchae / Korean stir-fried noodles
I made this for lunch yesterday and often wonder why I seldom cook Jap chae . Now that I don't have to search far and wide to find dangmyeon or sweet potato noodles in our neck of the woods , all I need is time or the inclination to whip up this fantastic and colorful one-pot meal . This is even far easier to make than my fave gon chow ngau ho !
Jap chae is a Korean noodle dish made from sweet potato noodles called dangmyeon , stir-fried in sesame oil with various kinds of vegetables and sometimes with beef and seasoned with soy sauce and sugar . This dish is commonly served at Korean parties and special occasions , either hot or cold , as a side or some served this as a main dish .
I borrowed a Korean cookbook by Chung Jae Lee a month ago and saw his recipe on how to make the traditional way of making Jap chae , each ingredients is cooked separately then mixed together at the end . It's time consuming and too many dishes to wash after so it makes sense to stir fry everything especially if you're pressed for time or if you're a lazybones like me .
I used pork instead of beef but you can omit it if you want a meat-free dish . You can even go crazy by adding more veggies lol In this recipe , sesame oil is used for stir-frying the ingredients but I'm afraid the flavor of the sesame oil will be too much since you'll also use it for the sauce so I used my usual cooking oil instead . If you can find wood ear mushroom so much the better , it will add a nice layer of texture to this dish . Wood ear is pretty tasteless but when cooked it absorbs the flavor of the food and it has a wonderful crunchy texture .
Please check original recipe @ Fresh Tastes / Marc of No Recipes
200 grams dangmyeon / sweet potato noodles
120 grams pork ( jowl ) , thinly sliced
1/2 teaspoon minced ginger
2 cloves garlic , minced
1 teaspoon light soy sauce
1/4 teaspoon sesame oil
1 teaspoon tapioca starch
a pinch of salt
a dash of ground white pepper
1 small onion , sliced
100 grams carrots , cut into matchsticks
3 dried shiitake mushrooms , soaked until soft then boil for 5 minutes , slice thinly
1 small yellow pepper , sliced
120 grams spinach , blanch briefly then squeeze off excess water , form into a ball then cut in half
salt , to taste
3 tablespoon light soy sauce
2 tablespoons sugar
1 tablespoon sesame oil
1/3 cup water
some toasted sesame seeds to garnish
* Combine pork , soy sauce , sesame oil . salt , pepper and starch , mix well , set aside .
* Mix together soy sauce , sugar , sesame oil and water , set aside .
* Boil water and cook noodles for 4-5 minutes , drain and rinse briefly , sprinkle few drops of sesame oil and set aside .
* Heat a wok or a large pan , over medium-high heat , add oil when oil is hot , add garlic and ginger , cook until fragrant . Add in the pork mixture and cook for 3-4 minutes , transfer to a plate . In the same pan , add in the onion , cook for 3 minutes then add in the carrots and mushrooms , stir-fry for another 2 minutes . Add in the noodles , pepper , spinach , pork and soy-sesame sauce , cook over medium heat for another 2 minutes , mixing well until noodles are heated through and the sauce is absorbed , give it a good stir , sprinkle with sesame seeds and serve immediately .


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Rise of Electronic Music
With the popularity of electronic dance music and the increased accessibility of technology more and more people are learning to express themselves and their talents through electronic music. These new producers submit their creations for all the world to see in hopes of becoming one of the next big names in the industry.
The motivation to keep pushing through failures and keep fighting for success can make even a mediocre person extraordinary.
The story continues
Sadly, sometimes being noticed with such a large influx of new producers can be difficult and a lot of people make some very common mistakes that keep them from reaching their goal. In the following article we will go through 5 of the biggest mistakes new producers make when trying to reach stardom and how you can avoid them.
- Lack of a unique style. So many producers now sound like cookie-cutter clones of already popular artists. I cannot express how important it is to stand out of the crowd. To have someone hear your music for the first time and say, «I've never heard anything like this before,» is huge.
- Lack of social media. Surprisingly some producers don't use social media or only use a limited number of social media outlets. Social media is one of the most important tools if you know how to use it correctly.
- Charging people for your music. A lot of new producers seem to run into a problem with this one. Everyone wants to make a quick buck or two and as soon as they get the option to post their music exclusively on Beatport, iTunes, etc. they quickly take that option.
No drive. As cliche as it sounds, if you want something you have to go get it. Share and talk about your music with everyone you can. Network with as many people as possible. Post your music on forums, EDM blogs, and any website possible. Just keep that drive everyday, all day. The motivation to keep pushing through failures and keep fighting for success can make even a mediocre person extraordinary. The sad truth is a lot of producers just don't want it bad enough.
Fight for it.


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Mount adaptors come in different types including flange adapters, mounting boards, panel adapters, separating plates and rail adapters. They're made of materials such as plastic and metal to perform different functions.
Mount adaptors are used for relays in:


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Fried pickles
Last week, everyone was talking about fried pickles. Sure, fried pickles are good but why all the sudden interest? Well, apparently a popular TV show about New Jersey beaches (or something like that) had some of its characters eating this Southern delicacy for the very first time.
"Eating fried pickles was a life-changing experience," said "Jersey Shore" cast member Snooki upon her introduction to said pickles.
Life changing? That's quite a statement. Now, I enjoy a basket of fried pickles alongside a bowl of buttermilk dressing as much as the next person. But are they a revelation? Let's take a closer look.
In Texas, we are known for deep frying anything edible. Butter, Coke, bacon, ribs, turkey, lattes, cookie dough, peanut butter sandwiches—all have been dipped in batter and hot oil in the name of making delectable food. Heck, after you've had a serving of fried bacon, a fried pickle might even seem rather mundane.
But, fortunately, they're not.
If you've never had fried pickles, you're in for a treat. I tend to find fried food a bit heavy, yet fried pickles are a tangy, crisp treat made just a tad more decadent with the crunchy breading. The acidity of the pickle stands up well to the breading and frying unlike some foods such as vegetables, which I feel often lose their flavor and snap once they've been fried.
Making fried pickles is easy, as long as you're comfortable with some popping grease and sticky hands. I'd have to say that the most difficult decision is whether to fry pickle spears or chips—one of the most hotly contested issues in the world of pickle frying. Me? I'm a pickle-chip gal myself since they take less time to fry, are less likely to get mushy and—most importantly—they're easier to pop in your mouth.
There's also the question of breading. While I usually prefer a cornmeal dredge for fried vegetables, I find that it doesn't work so well with dill pickles, so I go with a saltine cracker dredge instead. Of course, these are all my preferences and you may have your own as well. But the best thing about fried pickles is that you don't have to limit yourself to just cucumber dills, even though they are the classic. Nope, you can fry up pickled okra, pickled jalapeños or any other pickle that you love. As long as they're tangy and crisp, they'll be wonderful.
And maybe even life changing.
Fried pickles
- 2 cups dill pickle chips
- 1 cup flour
- 1/2 teaspoon salt plus more to taste
- 1 teaspoon black pepper plus more to taste
- 1 egg
- 1/2 cup buttermilk
- 2 cups finely crushed saltines
- 1/2 teaspoon cayenne
- 1/2 teaspoon dried dill weed
- Salt to taste
- Oil for frying
- Buttermilk dressing
- In a large plastic food-storage bag, mix together the flour, salt and black pepper. Place the pickle chips in the bag and shake until they are well coated.
- Mix together the eggs with the buttermilk. Place the crushed saltines on a plate and mix in the cayenne and dill weed. In batches, dip the flour-coated pickles into the eggs and then lightly dredge in the saltines. Place cracker-coated pickles on a large plate or sheet. Repeat until all the pickles are coated.
- In a large, heavy skillet heat 1/2 inch of oil on medium heat until it reaches 350°F. Cook the pickles for 1 minute or until golden brown, turning once. Depending on the size of your skillet will probably have to do in several batches. Drain on paper towels.
- Serve immediately with buttermilk dressing.


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The Center for Business and Workforce Education (BWE) at 正规赌博十大网站 offers diverse educational offerings ranging from customizable training that fit the needs of business and industry to our Learning Is Forever (LIFE) program. As part of the Minnesota State College and University system, we have access to unlimited training professionals.
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Many years of experience have gone into the design of this highly functional, quality sheath. We use our sheaths in the woods and understand how important it is that your sheath works for you. This pancake style sheath is our prefered design. Not only does this style give more options and versatility for adding accessories, but it also has a nicer, more consistent retention and ease of use. Add milled slots for even more versatility.
Each sheath is individually handcrafted for the best retention, strength, and quality. Because each sheath is handcrafted not mass-produced by machine, please expect minor variances in each sheath.
The retention on this sheath is great - nice and tight with a smooth draw. Each sheath is individually tested for the best retention by shaking upside down. You will have no worries of your knife falling out during normal use. This tight retention would make it difficult to remove the sheath if it weren't for our special thumb break design that allows for an easy draw. (Disclaimer: the knife will come out if forcibly whipped. If it didn't you wouldn't be able to draw it smoothly. But the force it takes to whip the knife out of the sheath does not typically ocur during normal use.)
We specifically choose to use .093 thick KYDEX® instead of the .080 thick KYDEX® that many others use. This provides a stronger, more rigid sheath with less flex and a consistent, reliable retention. (Please note that the camo colors only come in .080 thick KYDEX®. We compensate for this by using a complimentary solid color KYDEX® in .093 on the back.)
The blade rub in this sheath is minimal. Before molding each sheath, the knife is meticulously wraped with several layers of tape (specifically on the blade) to provide the extra space needed to prevent the dulling of your knife.
There is a tiny 1/8" drain hole on the back of the sheath to let moisture escape and is helpful when you have to wash dirt out of your sheath. (If you would rather not have this drain hole, please mention so in the comment box on the checkout page.)
All the edges are buffed for a smooth, professionally finished look that also helps to seal the edges by melting them together.
All of our belt loops are molded directly to the sheath for maximum strength. This also frees up more rivet holes on your sheath for other attachments.
Options available for this sheath:
Belt loop options:
None - This is your simplest option. Ambidextrous option – can be used both right and left handed (note: all of our sheaths have a left handed option). Also allows you to attach your own belt loop option such as Tek-Lok or Molle-Lok.
KYDEX belt clip - This option is great if you are going to be putting your sheath on and off multiple times through the day. The clip design allows you to quickly put your sheath on your belt, waistband, pack, visor of your truck, or any place else you desire. This design holds your knife high on your belt (but not very high). The clip is molded right with the sheath so it is not detachable.
Leather belt loop - This option is perfect for when you will be wearing your knife all day through all kinds of activities. The leather we use is strong enough to be quite stable, but allows plenty of flexibility for comfort so your knife won't be poking you in the side while sitting or bending. This design holds your knife only slightly lower on your belt. The leather belt loop is attached with two screws and can be detached.
Nylon webbing belt loop - This is the same design as our Leather belt loop option, only made out of nylon scuba webbing for maximum stability.
Dangler-Swivel nylon webbing loop - This option gives the most flexibility for all day wear. We use scuba webbing for maximum stability and attach the loop to the sheath with a "D" ring to allow it to swivel. This design will hold your knife handle 2 – 2 1/2″ below the top of your belt. This loop style is detachable.
Large Tek-Lok - Tek-Lok (by Blade-Tech) mounts to your sheath through the rivets on the sides to carry your knife horizontally or vertically. A Tek-Lok will hold your sheath high on your belt unless you use the Off-set belt loop platform (sold separately). Tek-Lok works like a door, swinging closed and snapping into place for a secured carry. The rivets on all our sheaths are spaced to accommodate the Large Tek-Lok.
Molle-Lok (pair) - Use the Molle-Lok (by Blade-Tech) for easy mounting onto any MOLLE gear. The Molle-Lok has press locking tabs, making it easier to manipulate than other MOLLE attachments once in place. There is no need for any special tools to separate the locking mechanism. This is the small Molle-lok version.
Molle Gear attachment - A cheaper alternative to Molle-Lok, tighter fit, and less bulk. This attachment uses the .125 thick KYDEX. Screws in place on your MOLLE gear. Includes 2 attachments and necessary screws.
Firesteel Attachment options:
Our ferrocerium firesteel rods are 5/16″ diameter by 3.2″ long. A great way to always have fire with you. Just scrape it with a piece of hard steel such as the back of your knife to emit long lasting sparks. This is not a friction fit firesteel attachment. A KYDEX® band around the top of the firesteel holds a shock cord loop to wrap around the attachment to hold the firesteel securely in your sheath as it wears down. The attachment is removable.
Choose whether to mount the firesteel on the side of the sheath or across the top.
Black, Coyote Brown, and Olive Drab are the standard colors that are available at no extra charge.
We do have over 30 colors available for you to choose from. Addition cost applies for custom colors.
When choosing a camo pattern remember that camo colors only come in .080 thick KYDEX®. We compensate for this by using a complimentary solid color KYDEX® in .093 on the back for added strength.
Milled Slots can be added for more versatility for $10.00.
Sheath Only! Knife not included.


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Horses, Rodeos & Stampedes, Animals - Livestock / Domestic Gallery, Southwestern British Columbia, Canada, Rodeo Livestock, Cowboys & Cowgirls
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Representatives of the governments of the world, good morning to all of you. First of all, I would like to invite you, very respectfully, to those who have not read this book, to read it.
Noam Chomsky, one of the most prestigious American and world intellectuals, Noam Chomsky, and this is one of his most recent books, 'Hegemony or Survival: The Imperialist Strategy of the United States.'" [Holds up book, waves it in front of General Assembly.] "It's an excellent book to help us understand what has been happening in the world throughout the 20th century, and what's happening now, and the greatest threat looming over our planet.
The hegemonic pretensions of the American empire are placing at risk the very survival of the human species. We continue to warn you about this danger and we appeal to the people of the United States and the world to halt this threat, which is like a sword hanging over our heads. I had considered reading from this book, but, for the sake of time," [flips through the pages, which are numerous] "I will just leave it as a recommendation.
It reads easily, it is a very good book, I'm sure Madame [President] you are familiar with it. It appears in English, in Russian, in Arabic, in German. I think that the first people who should read this book are our brothers and sisters in the United States, because their threat is right in their own house.
The devil is right at home. The devil, the devil himself, is right in the house.
"And the devil came here yesterday. Yesterday the devil came here. Right here." [crosses himself] "And it smells of sulfur still today.
Yesterday, ladies and gentlemen, from this rostrum, the president of the United States, the gentleman to whom I refer as the devil, came here, talking as if he owned the world. Truly. As the owner of the world.
I think we could call a psychiatrist to analyze yesterday's statement made by the president of the United States. As the spokesman of imperialism, he came to share his nostrums, to try to preserve the current pattern of domination, exploitation and pillage of the peoples of the world.
An Alfred Hitchcock movie could use it as a scenario. I would even propose a title: "The Devil's Recipe."
As Chomsky says here, clearly and in depth, the American empire is doing all it can to consolidate its system of domination. And we cannot allow them to do that. We cannot allow world dictatorship to be consolidated.
The world parent's statement -- cynical, hypocritical, full of this imperial hypocrisy from the need they have to control everything.
They say they want to impose a democratic model. But that's their democratic model. It's the false democracy of elites, and, I would say, a very original democracy that's imposed by weapons and bombs and firing weapons.
What a strange democracy. Aristotle might not recognize it or others who are at the root of democracy.
What type of democracy do you impose with marines and bombs?
The president of the United States, yesterday, said to us, right here, in this room, and I'm quoting, "Anywhere you look, you hear extremists telling you can escape from poverty and recover your dignity through violence, terror and martyrdom."
Wherever he looks, he sees extremists. And you, my brother -- he looks at your color, and he says, oh, there's an extremist. Evo Morales, the worthy president of Bolivia, looks like an extremist to him.
The imperialists see extremists everywhere. It's not that we are extremists. It's that the world is waking up. It's waking up all over. And people are standing up.
I have the feeling, dear world dictator, that you are going to live the rest of your days as a nightmare because the rest of us are standing up, all those who are rising up against American imperialism, who are shouting for equality, for respect, for the sovereignty of nations.
Yes, you can call us extremists, but we are rising up against the empire, against the model of domination.
The president then -- and this he said himself, he said: "I have come to speak directly to the populations in the Middle East, to tell them that my country wants peace."
That's true. If we walk in the streets of the Bronx, if we walk around New York, Washington, San Diego, in any city, San Antonio, San Francisco, and we ask individuals, the citizens of the United States, what does this country want? Does it want peace? They'll say yes.
But the government doesn't want peace. The government of the United States doesn't want peace. It wants to exploit its system of exploitation, of pillage, of hegemony through war.
It wants peace. But what's happening in Iraq? What happened in Lebanon? In Palestine? What's happening? What's happened over the last 100 years in Latin America and in the world? And now threatening Venezuela -- new threats against Venezuela, against Iran?
He spoke to the people of Lebanon. Many of you, he said, have seen how your homes and communities were caught in the crossfire. How cynical can you get? What a capacity to lie shamefacedly. The bombs in Beirut with millimetric precision?
This is crossfire? He's thinking of a western, when people would shoot from the hip and somebody would be caught in the crossfire.
This is imperialist, fascist, assassin, genocidal, the empire and Israel firing on the people of Palestine and Lebanon. That is what happened. And now we hear, "We're suffering because we see homes destroyed.'
The president of the United States came to talk to the peoples -- to the peoples of the world. He came to say -- I brought some documents with me, because this morning I was reading some statements, and I see that he talked to the people of Afghanistan, the people of Lebanon, the people of Iran. And he addressed all these peoples directly.
And you can wonder, just as the president of the United States addresses those peoples of the world, what would those peoples of the world tell him if they were given the floor? What would they have to say?
And I think I have some inkling of what the peoples of the south, the oppressed people think. They would say, "Yankee imperialist, go home." I think that is what those people would say if they were given the microphone and if they could speak with one voice to the American imperialists.
And that is why, Madam President, my colleagues, my friends, last year we came here to this same hall as we have been doing for the past eight years, and we said something that has now been confirmed -- fully, fully confirmed.
I don't think anybody in this room could defend the system. Let's accept -- let's be honest. The U.N. system, born after the Second World War, collapsed. It's worthless.
Oh, yes, it's good to bring us together once a year, see each other, make statements and prepare all kinds of long documents, and listen to good speeches, like Abel's yesterday, or President Mullah's . Yes, it's good for that.
And there are a lot of speeches, and we've heard lots from the president of Sri Lanka, for instance, and the president of Chile.
But we, the assembly, have been turned into a merely deliberative organ. We have no power, no power to make any impact on the terrible situation in the world. And that is why Venezuela once again proposes, here, today, 20 September, that we re-establish the United Nations.
Last year, Madam, we made four modest proposals that we felt to be crucially important. We have to assume the responsibility our heads of state, our ambassadors, our representatives, and we have to discuss it.
The first is expansion, and Mullah talked about this yesterday right here. The Security Council, both as it has permanent and non-permanent categories, (inaudible) developing countries and LDCs must be given access as new permanent members. That's step one.
Second, effective methods to address and resolve world conflicts, transparent decisions.
Point three, the immediate suppression -- and that is something everyone's calling for -- of the anti-democratic mechanism known as the veto, the veto on decisions of the Security Council.
Let me give you a recent example. The immoral veto of the United States allowed the Israelis, with impunity, to destroy Lebanon. Right in front of all of us as we stood there watching, a resolution in the council was prevented.
Fourthly, we have to strengthen, as we've always said, the role and the powers of the secretary general of the United Nations.
Yesterday, the secretary general practically gave us his speech of farewell. And he recognized that over the last 10 years, things have just gotten more complicated; hunger, poverty, violence, human rights violations have just worsened. That is the tremendous consequence of the collapse of the United Nations system and American hegemonistic pretensions.
Madam, Venezuela a few years ago decided to wage this battle within the United Nations by recognizing the United Nations, as members of it that we are, and lending it our voice, our thinking.
Our voice is an independent voice to represent the dignity and the search for peace and the reformulation of the international system; to denounce persecution and aggression of hegemonistic forces on the planet.
This is how Venezuela has presented itself. Bolivar's home has sought a nonpermanent seat on the Security Council.
Let's see. Well, there's been an open attack by the U.S. government, an immoral attack, to try and prevent Venezuela from being freely elected to a post in the Security Council.
The imperium is afraid of truth, is afraid of independent voices. It calls us extremists, but they are the extremists.
And I would like to thank all the countries that have kindly announced their support for Venezuela, even though the ballot is a secret one and there's no need to announce things.
But since the imperium has attacked, openly, they strengthened the convictions of many countries. And their support strengthens us.
Mercosur, as a bloc, has expressed its support, our brothers in Mercosur. Venezuela, with Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, is a full member of Mercosur.
And many other Latin American countries, CARICOM, Bolivia have expressed their support for Venezuela. The Arab League, the full Arab League has voiced its support. And I am immensely grateful to the Arab world, to our Arab brothers, our Caribbean brothers, the African Union. Almost all of Africa has expressed its support for Venezuela and countries such as Russia or China and many others.
I thank you all warmly on behalf of Venezuela, on behalf of our people, and on behalf of the truth, because Venezuela, with a seat on the Security Council, will be expressing not only Venezuela's thoughts, but it will also be the voice of all the peoples of the world, and we will defend dignity and truth.
Over and above all of this, Madam President, I think there are reasons to be optimistic. A poet would have said "helplessly optimistic," because over and above the wars and the bombs and the aggressive and the preventive war and the destruction of entire peoples, one can see that a new era is dawning.
As Silvio Rodriguez says, the era is giving birth to a heart. There are alternative ways of thinking. There are young people who think differently. And this has already been seen within the space of a mere decade. It was shown that the end of history was a totally false assumption, and the same was shown about Pax Americana and the establishment of the capitalist neo-liberal world. It has been shown, this system, to generate mere poverty. Who believes in it now?
What we now have to do is define the future of the world. Dawn is breaking out all over. You can see it in Africa and Europe and Latin America and Oceanea. I want to emphasize that optimistic vision.
We have to strengthen ourselves, our will to do battle, our awareness. We have to build a new and better world.
Venezuela joins that struggle, and that's why we are threatened. The U.S. has already planned, financed and set in motion a coup in Venezuela, and it continues to support coup attempts in Venezuela and elsewhere.
President Michelle Bachelet reminded us just a moment ago of the horrendous assassination of the former foreign minister, Orlando Letelier.
And I would just add one thing: Those who perpetrated this crime are free. And that other event where an American citizen also died were American themselves. They were CIA killers, terrorists.
And we must recall in this room that in just a few days there will be another anniversary. Thirty years will have passed from this other horrendous terrorist attack on the Cuban plane, where 73 innocents died, a Cubana de Aviacion airliner.
And where is the biggest terrorist of this continent who took the responsibility for blowing up the plane? He spent a few years in jail in Venezuela. Thanks to CIA and then government officials, he was allowed to escape, and he lives here in this country, protected by the government.
And he was convicted. He has confessed to his crime. But the U.S. government has double standards. It protects terrorism when it wants to.
And this is to say that Venezuela is fully committed to combating terrorism and violence. And we are one of the people who are fighting for peace.
Luis Posada Carriles is the name of that terrorist who is protected here. And other tremendously corrupt people who escaped from Venezuela are also living here under protection: a group that bombed various embassies, that assassinated people during the coup. They kidnapped me and they were going to kill me, but I think God reached down and our people came out into the streets and the army was too, and so I'm here today.
But these people who led that coup are here today in this country protected by the American government. And I accuse the American government of protecting terrorists and of having a completely cynical discourse.
We mentioned Cuba. Yes, we were just there a few days ago. We just came from there happily.
And there you see another era born. The Summit of the 15, the Summit of the Nonaligned, adopted a historic resolution. This is the outcome document. Don't worry, I'm not going to read it.
But you have a whole set of resolutions here that were adopted after open debate in a transparent matter -- more than 50 heads of state. Havana was the capital of the south for a few weeks, and we have now launched, once again, the group of the nonaligned with new momentum.
And if there is anything I could ask all of you here, my companions, my brothers and sisters, it is to please lend your good will to lend momentum to the Nonaligned Movement for the birth of the new era, to prevent hegemony and prevent further advances of imperialism.
And as you know, Fidel Castro is the president of the nonaligned for the next three years, and we can trust him to lead the charge very efficiently.
Unfortunately they thought, "Oh, Fidel was going to die." But they're going to be disappointed because he didn't. And he's not only alive, he's back in his green fatigues, and he's now presiding the nonaligned.
So, my dear colleagues, Madam President, a new, strong movement has been born, a movement of the south. We are men and women of the south.
With this document, with these ideas, with these criticisms, I'm now closing my file. I'm taking the book with me. And, don't forget, I'm recommending it very warmly and very humbly to all of you.
We want ideas to save our planet, to save the planet from the imperialist threat. And hopefully in this very century, in not too long a time, we will see this, we will see this new era, and for our children and our grandchildren a world of peace based on the fundamental principles of the United Nations, but a renewed United Nations.
And maybe we have to change location. Maybe we have to put the United Nations somewhere else; maybe a city of the south. We've proposed Venezuela.
You know that my personal doctor had to stay in the plane. The chief of security had to be left in a locked plane. Neither of these gentlemen was allowed to arrive and attend the U.N. meeting. This is another abuse and another abuse of power on the part of the Devil. It smells of sulfur here, but God is with us and I embrace you all.
May God bless us all. Good day to you.
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Wednesday, September 20, 2006
Hugo Chávez, "Address to the United Nations," CounterPunch, September 20, 2006.
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Martin Grelle Artist
Martin Grelle Artist
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Whether painting the Native Americans in a dramatic, picturesque setting, or the American cowboy in the dusty cattle-working pens, Martin Grelle captures the spirit, beauty, and vastness of the West in his historically-accurate, compelling images. Grelle studies diligently to portray the diverse cultures of the American West accurately and with sensitivity. His knowledge of the cowboy's way of life, gained from his time spent horseback on ranches during the annual Cowboy Artists of America's (CAA) trail ride, as well as the time spent with local ranchers and friends, is evident in his contemporary cowboy paintings. The many hours spent in museums, at historical re-enactments, in visiting with experts on Native American culture, and reading from his extensive library, have helped him to bring his vision of the Plains Indian culture to life on canvas.
For more than 30 years Grelle has made a career of his art, and has won awards of both regional and national importance. In 1995, he was elected to the Cowboy Artists of America, and he is one of the younger active members. He is currently serving his second term on the board of directors for that organization, and participates in the Annual CAA Exhibition and Sale at the Phoenix Art Museum each October. Grelle won the CAA People's Choice Award in 2002, for his painting Monarchs of the North, and the Ray Swanson Memorial Award in 2008, for his painting Newlyweds. He has also been privileged to participate in other major juried shows across the United States. Included in that list are the Prix de West Invitational Art Exhibition and Sale at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, which he has participated in each year since 1995, the Masters of the American West Fine Art Exhibition & Sale at the Autry National Center, and the inaugural Quest for the West Exhibition & Sale at the Eiteljorg Museum. Awards of merit include the Prix de West Purchase Award, which he won in 2002 for his painting Teller of Tales, and again in 2005, for his painting Two Coups, making him one of only 6 artists to have won the top award twice. Grelle has also won twice the Nona Jean Hulsey Ramsey Buyer's Choice Award at Prix de West, first in 2004 with Signs Along the Snake, and again in 2006, for Dust in the Distance. The artist is represented by Overland Gallery of Fine Art, in Scottsdale, Arizona, where a one-man show is held for Grelle each March. The 2008 show marked Grelle's 20
anniversary one-man show with the gallery.
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Gym Play 29/01/22 11.00am
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Gym Play is an open free play session helping children to develop balance, co-ordination, agility, fine and gross motor skills in a fun free-flowing no pressure environment. Children can have an adventure through swinging, climbing, jumping and rolling using their imagination on our equipment. Grown ups can help their children explore. Coaches are on hand to oversee and advise and we encourage parent/carer participation.
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Set ten years after the events of "Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace", not only has the galaxy undergone significant change, but so have our familiar heroes Obi-Wan Kenobi, Padme Amidala, and Anakin Skywalker, as they are thrown together again for the first time since the Trade Federation invasion of Naboo. Anakin has grown into the accomplished Jedi apprentice of Obi-Wan, who himself has transitioned from student to teacher. The two Jedi are assigned to protect Padme whose life is threatened by a faction of political separatists. As relationships form and powerful forces collide, these heroes face choices that will impact not only their own fates, but the destiny of the Republic.
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In a newly published study, researchers have demonstrated a new "enabling technology" that uses a class of chemicals called Lewis acids to help transform carbon dioxide into acrylate, a valuable commodity chemical used to make many everyday items.
A key advance, newly reported by chemists from Brown and Yale Universities, could lead to a cheaper and more sustainable way to make acrylate, an important commodity chemical used to make materials from polyester fabrics to diapers.
Chemical companies churn out billions of tons of acrylate each year, usually by heating propylene, a compound derived from crude oil. "What we're interested in is enhancing both the economics and the sustainability of how acrylate is made," said Wesley Bernskoetter, assistant professor of chemistry at Brown, who led the research. "Right now, everything that goes into making it is from relatively expensive, nonrenewable carbon sources."
Since the 1980s researchers have been looking into the possibility of making acrylate by combining carbon dioxide with a gas called ethylene in the presence of nickel and other metal catalysts. CO2 is essentially free and something the planet currently has in overabundance. Ethylene is cheaper than propylene and can be made from plant biomass.
There has been a persistent obstacle to the approach, however. Instead of forming the acrylate molecule, CO2 and ethylene tend to form a precursor molecule with a five-membered ring made of oxygen, nickel, and three carbon atoms. In order to finish the conversion to acrylate, that ring needs to be cracked open to allow the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond, a process called elimination.
That step had proved elusive. But the research by Bernskoetter and his colleagues, published in the journal Organometallics, shows that a class of chemicals called Lewis acids can easily break open that five-membered ring, allowing the molecule to eliminate and form acrylate.
Lewis acids are basically electron acceptors. In this case, the acid steals away electrons that make up the bond between nickel and oxygen in the ring. That weakens the bond and opens the ring.
"We thought that if we could find a way to cut the ring chemically, then we would be able to eliminate very quickly and form acrylate," Bernskoetter said. "And that turns out to be true."
He calls the finding an "enabling technology" that could eventually be incorporated in a full catalytic process for making acrylate on a mass scale. "We can now basically do all the steps required," he said.
From here, the team needs to tweak the strength of the Lewis acid used. To prove the concept, they used the strongest acid that was easily available, one derived from boron. But that acid is too strong to use in a repeatable catalytic process because it bonds too strongly to the acrylate product to allow additional reactions with the nickel catalyst.
"In developing and testing the idea, we hit it with the biggest hammer we could," Bernskoetter said. "So what we have to do now is dial back and find one that makes it more practical."
There's quite a spectrum of Lewis acid strengths, so Bernskoetter is confident that there's one that will work. "We think it's possible," he said. "Organic chemists do this kind of reaction with Lewis acids all the time."
The ongoing research is part of a collaboration between Brown and Yale supported by the National Science Foundation's Centers for Chemical Innovation program. The work is aimed at activating CO2 for use in making all kinds of commodity chemicals, and acrylate is a good place to start.
"It's around a $2 billion-a-year industry," Bernskoetter said. "If we can find a way to make acrylate more cheaply, we think the industry will be interested."
Reference: "Lewis Acid Induced β-Elimination from a Nickelalactone: Efforts toward Acrylate Production from CO2 and Ethylene" by Dong Jin, Timothy J. Schmeier, Paul G. Williard, Nilay Hazari and Wesley H. Bernskoetter, 21 March 2013, Organometallics.
DOI: 10.1021/om400025h
Other authors on the paper were Dong Jin and Paul Willard of Brown and Nilay Hazari and Timothy Schmeier of Yale.