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It wouldn't be an exaggeration to say this is the most difficult recipe I've ever written about. I have tested it literally 50 times over the course of three years, and my family has eaten hundreds of mediocre flatbreads as I attempted to crack the secret to perfect, bubbly lahoh — and this after I'd been taught by a professional Yemenite baker.
Lahoh is one of several varieties of Yemenite breads found in Israel. It has a spongy texture, much like Ethiopian injera bread, and is best described as a pancake cooked without being flipped. Some people have described them as similar to a crumpet.
Like any traditional food, there are countless ways to make lahoh. Every modern baker I know makes it in a frying pan. Yet one friend of mine, an accomplished baker in her own right, said she never thought to make it herself because her grandmother would always make it on the backyard taboun oven that my friend's great-grandparents brought over from Yemen. Plus, every professional lahoh baker has a slightly different trick in order to give lahoh its "eyes" — the bubbles that make up its surface. One baker said her secret was a cooked flour paste she added to the batter, I've heard of other recipes that call for breadcrumbs, and the first lahoh recipe I ever made — from my then-roommate's grandmother — called for a very untraditional addition, baking powder. And then there's the mysterious "red" lahoh, made from red sorghum. That, too is a traditional dish for some families, though I've never seen it being sold.
Making lahoh can be a dramatic process to watch. The Yemenite bakeries I know in Tel Aviv generally have several pans of lahoh going at once on a row of gas burners, in order to produce a significant quantity. After a lahoh leaves the pan, the red-hot pan is held under a faucet or dipped into a bucket in order to cool it off for the next lahoh, creating a large burst of steam and an angry hiss. Then the batter is poured into the pan, the pan is shaken to disperse the contents and back onto the flame it goes.
My lahoh recipe is based on one I learned from my friend Irit, who runs an itty bitty restaurant in Tel Aviv's Yemenite Quarter. Irit had the patience to explain and show me time and again how she makes her lahoh, and as she is a generous woman who gives out recipes freely, I daresay I've seen versions of her recipe reprinted in multiple places. Yet if someone could make perfect lahoh merely from reading that laconic recipe, then he must be a better baker than I, as it took me close to three years to crack the secret and make consistently good lahoh at home, without Irit standing over my shoulder.
This lahoh is made from a simple batter — the only leavening agent is yeast, and a touch of flavor comes from ground fenugreek. What makes it so difficult is that you have to have a feel for the process — when to add a bit more water to the batter, when to let the batter sit another 10 minutes, when to lower the flame. Ultimately, this makes it very hard to document. And many, many things can go wrong — the lahoh can stick to the pan (what a mess), it can turn out too thin, or it simply can come out with no "eyes" on top.
Hopefully, though I'll be able to provide detailed enough directions to save most you those 50 failed attempts.
For me, the breakthrough moment came when I started using my Kitchenaid mixer to mix the dough. An untraditional step, to be sure, but this is an indication that mixing the batter well and enabling small bubbles to disperse throughout is crucial to your lahoh success.
So, good luck!
For six lahoh:
3 cups white flour
1 1/2 teaspoons salt
1 1/2 teaspoons instant dry yeast
1/2 teaspoon ground fenugreek seeds
3 3/4 cups water at first, plus another 1/4 cup
margarine for wiping the pan
24-centimeter (8-inch) pan — I believe stainless steel is preferable to nonstick because the pan reaches a very high temperature
180-milliliter ladle (6 ounces), or a 360-milliliter cup (12 ounces)
Stand mixer (optional)
Note: Detailed photos follow after the written directions.
Put the flour, salt, yeast and fenugreek into the bowl of a mixer, add 3 3/4 cups water, and mix thoroughly until there are no lumps. Alternately, this can be done by hand.
Cover the batter and let rise until approximately doubled in volume. It should look bubbly and frothy on top once risen. This could take anywhere from 1 hour to several hours, depending on the temperature.
The batter, now bubbly, will be gelatinous in texture and not free-flowing. Pour the final 1/4 cup water into the batter, and give several thorough stirs — it should be more free-flowing thanks in part to the extra water, but you don't want to beat out the bubbles altogether, since they're responsible for giving the lahoh its texture. If using a stand mixer, turn on the mixer for no more than 10 seconds.
Let sit for another 15 minutes so that the batter rises a bit more. This isn't 100% necessary, but I found it often gives me better results in case I overworked the batter in the previous step. By the time you start cooking the lahoh, the batter should appear full of tiny little bubbles.
Put your pan on a high flame. When a few drops of water flicked into the pan ball up and dance on the metal surface, you're ready to go. Remove the pan from the flame and hold the bottom of the pan under a stream of water for several seconds, until the steam and sizzling is less violent (don't get water into the pan itself — just onto the bottom side). Alternately, you could use a bucket of water to cool the bottom of the pan between lahoh. If you don't cool the pan, the lahoh will start cooking too quickly and the bottom surface will be full of bubbles as well.
Wipe the inside of the somewhat-cooler pan with the stick of margarine (you could use an oil-soaked paper towel instead, but I've had less luck with that). Pour two ladles (or one 12-ounce/360-ml cup) of batter into the pan, trying your best to distribute the batter while pouring. Give the pan a few shakes so that the batter covers the surface — the batter will still have a somewhat gelatinous texture and not be entirely free-flowing — and return the pan to the flame.
Adjust the flame to medium-high (I use a medium setting of the largest burner on my gas stove). Bubbles should start appearing rather quickly on the surface of the lahoh, and they should mostly stay there as the lahoh's top dries out. The lahoh should be on the flame for a total of 3 1/2 to 4 minutes, long enough for the entire top surface to cook and then some. If you smell the bottom of the lahoh burning, turn down the flame a bit. If the surface of the lahoh does not develop a nice amount of bubbles, try letting the batter sit for another 10-15 minutes before making the next lahoh.
Remove the lahoh to a paper towel to cool — the paper towel absorbs excess moisture.
Repeat the process, from the point where the pan is cooled under running water or in a bucket. There should be enough batter for a total of 6 lahoh.
To store, the lahoh can be stacked with the bubbly sides facing each other and kept in a plastic bag in the fridge.
Here's the lahoh batter right after mixing, before sitting to rise:
And here it is after rising. Notice how high it comes on the mixer blade:
And after adding water and turning on the mixer for 10 seconds — somewhat deflated, but still frothy:
Before we cook the lahoh — cooling the bottom of the pan under the tap:
Here's the lahoh after 15 seconds in the frying pan:
After 1 minute, 15 seconds in the frying pan:
This particular lahoh spent about 3 1/2 minutes in the pan, enough for the top to dry entirely and the bottom to brown slightly.


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- 1 pound filet mignon (two good-sized filets)
- sea salt
- freshly ground pepper
- 1 baguette
- 1/4 cup truffle butter (I prefer Sabatino truffle butter, available in many gourmet stores and online, or make your own truffle butter - click here for my recipe)
- 1 Tbsp truffle oil (I prefer Sabatino black truffle oil, available in many gourmet stores and online)
- truffle salt (I prefer Sabatino truffle sea salt, available at many gourmet stores and online)
- fresh black truffle (optional)
Thursday, September 2, 2010
Filet mignon sandwich with truffle butter
7 comments:
- Julie @ Willow Bird Baking said...
Oh, wow, this looks decadent and amazing!
- September 2, 2010 at 9:36 PM
- Monet said...
So I eat a mainly vegetarian diet (like 98 percent) but this would be one meal that I wouldn't be able to pass up. I would eat this in a flash. It looks so delicious!
- September 2, 2010 at 9:38 PM
- Erika Kerekes said...
@Julie - decadent is absolutely right.
@Monet - if you are going to splurge on meat, this is what you want to splurge on. FOR SURE. - September 2, 2010 at 9:40 PM
- Rachael Hutchings said...
This was definitely my favorite too, besides the salad! Those 2 dishes I could eat OVER and OVER and OVER . . . yeah well, uh, you get the point! :)
- September 3, 2010 at 6:35 AM
- Barbara | VinoLuciStyle said...
Breakfast time and now I'm dying for a steak!
As an avowed Costcoaholic...I see no shame in choosing their product over Whole Foods...in fact very wise choice! - October 3, 2010 at 8:51 AM
- Erika Kerekes said...
@Barbara - I'm dying for a steak, too, and it's 9am here. Bummer for both of us.
- October 3, 2010 at 9:12 AM
- Emergency Mom said...
If you don't have truffles, use Aux Délices des Bois Black and White Truffle Butters. Check out winewoot.com today-it's the only product they sell today. Or transatlanticfoods.com. See on Amazon.com
- December 16, 2010 at 11:15 AM

subset: commoncrawl


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NexGard is a monthly soft chewable that kills adult fleas and is indicated for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations (Ctenocephalides felis) and the treatment and control of American Dog Tick infestations (Dermacentor variabilis) in dogs.
NexGard kills 3 common types of ticks (the American dog tick, the black-legged ?Deer? tick and the Lone Star tick). So NexGard decreases the risk of a deadly tick-borne disease.
Color Pets Weight (lb) Weight (kg) Afoxolaner Brown Small Dogs 4 - 10 lbs 2 to 4 kg 11.3 mg Blue Medium Dogs 10 - 24 lbs 4 - 10 kg 28.3 mg Pink Large Dogs 24 - 60 lbs 23 - 45kg 68 mg Red X-Large Dogs 60 - 121 lbs 25 - 50 kg 136 mg
Directions for Use
Administer appropriate dosage per month based on your pet's weight. Treatment may begin at any time of the year, and should continue the entire year without interruption. Can be administered with or without food.
NexGard is for use in dogs only. The most frequently reported adverse reactions include vomiting, dry/flaky skin, diarrhea, lethargy, and lack of appetite. The safe use of NexGard in pregnant, breeding or lactating dogs has not been evaluated. Use with caution in dogs with a history of seizures.
Possible Side Effects
The most frequently reported adverse reaction was vomiting. The occurrence of vomiting was generally self-limiting and of short duration and tended to decrease with subsequent doses. There are no known contraindications for the use of NexGard.
Active Ingredients: Afoxolaner
Manufacturer: Merial


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How Far We've Come
40 min. The film "How Far We've Come" celebrates the California regional center system's remarkable 40-year history and continues the story begun by "We're Here to Speak for Justice." Through the voices of those who have lived the Lanterman vision, this documentary explores the regional centers' many accomplishments and their impact on the lives of individuals with developmental disabilities and their families. The film was produced by Lanterman and Harbor Regional Center with support from City National Bank, 18 additional regional centers and the Association of Regional Center Agencies. The film was directed by Janas Communications.


text:
- From: Tim Ewald <firstname.lastname@example.com>
- Date: Thu, 7 Feb 2002 10:48:52 -0500
- To: "'XMLDISTAPP'" <email@example.com>
While I agree that XSD cannot describe the SOAP data model directly, it *can* describe an encoded version of the data model that is representable as an XML infoset. The only limitation is the soap-rpc:result element, which forces reliance on another source of metadata to understand at development time what the return type of an RPC really is. I understand the need to make the result element in an RPC response message easily identifiable. However, this could also be achieved by an attribute from a well-known namespace that identifies a particular element as being the result. That would achieve the same effect AND allow one to define a message format entirely in XSD. Defining an alternate encoding of the SOAP data model to SOAP message can't solve this problem, because the use of soap-rpc:result is mandated by the SOAP RPC model, not the data model. Alternatively, one could embrace SOAP 1.2 Part 1 and ignore SOAP 1.2 Part 2 (as SOAP 1.2 does with XSD Part 2, but not XSD Part 1) and invent a different, though very similar, data model and RPC model. But this is inelegant and unsatisfying. In the end, the messages we are sending with SOAP are expressed in XML. It would be a sad state of affairs if we end up with some SOAP-centric systems that embrace 1/2 of XSD and some XSD-centric systems that embrace 1/2 of SOAP. The differences between these technologies is not insurmountable. All we need is: - a set of XSD types that can adequately express the SOAP data model when it is flattened to a tree - a way to describe an element representing an RPC return value that is both recognizable and whose type can be defined at development time using XSD. Thanks, Tim- > -----Original Message----- > From: firstname.lastname@example.com > [mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com] On Behalf Of Jacek Kopecky > Sent: Thursday, February 07, 2002 5:19 AM > To: XMLDISTAPP > Subject: RE: Issue with soap-rpc:result > > > Hi all, > this is a long reply to all issues in the thread I have > seen. This thread has touched a number of issues, some of > which the WG > has already touched and tried to close. > I'll try to reconstruct how the current situation was > achieved: (You may probably skip the following big block of > text to my summary of the WG's choices and of the problems.) > > In SOAP Encoding, there either is or is not one underlying data > model. We decided there is one and we specified it as being one > that supports graphs of compound (struct, array) or simple nodes. > This is the SOAP Data Model section. > In this data model, we need to type the simple nodes, we > chose to use XML Schema Datatypes to do that. Note that we > don't explicitly use XML Schema Structures (maybe except for > using XSI:nil), but many people do not seem to understand the > difference and therefore they take it as thought the SOAP Data > Model uses and supports the whole XML Schema. > The SOAP Encoding is one possible set of rules for > serializing data in our data model. There can be other > encodings of the same data model and there can be other > encodings of other data models. > So called "unencoded" data are just data in the XML tree data > model. XML Schema describes the possible instances of the > XML tree data model. When working on the RPC section, we had > two options: > 1) make RPC requests and responses modeled with XML Schema > and just elements, without any connection to any encodings > (except for the "unencoded" that is), and allow the parameters to be > encoded in any encodingStyle, > 2) or make RPC based on our Data Model or on our Encoding. > We decided on making RPC based on the Data Model (I advocated > choosing the option no. 1, btw.) and therefore the RPC requests > and responses can either be simple types, structs or arrays. > Historically, SOAP RPC names the parameters, therefore a > struct rather than an array of parameters is appropriate for > the request. For the response, there is the unnamed thingie > that is the return value. SOAP 1.1 said that it's the first > return parameter whatever its name, which goes against the > notion of structs with named, not numbered, members. We > decided to pick a name. The choices were "result", > "SOAP-RPC-Result", or "soap-rpc:result", the latter being > namespace qualified. We chose the latter because namespaces > are exactly what allows us to avoid name conflicts. Now on > to WSDL, XML Schema and our own schema: In languages like > WSDL it is necessary to describe data structures. For simply > XML data this task is easy - just use XML Schema. But let's > remember that XML Schema is based on the XML tree data model and can > describe some (not all, AFAIK) possible document classes. > Data in the SOAP Data Model, encoded using the SOAP Encoding > rules, can take various XML forms, mostly because of the use > of references. All the different forms are equivalent from > the point of view of our data model, they are quite distinct > from the point of view of the XML tree data model. Expressing > all the possible XML serializations of some SOAP data > structure using XML Schema is difficult, if not impossible. > To describe the data in our data model, the natural option is > to use SOAP Schema Language (so far implied). People are wary, > though, of creating yet another schema language, and that's > understandable. Therefore the WSDL folks invented so called > "encoded" use of XML Schema - describing data structures using an > XML Schema schema, then implicitly translating this description > to the SOAP Schema Language (IMHO that's what most SOAP toolkits > do when working with "encoded" use of schemas in WSDL) and > following that translated description during serialization or > deserialization. This means (and WSDL spec says this clearly) > that the resulting XML need not comply to the XML Schema schema > provided. > This approach has proved viable, and it will be > interoperable, too, once toolkits agree on the (again > implicit) rules for translating XML Schema schemata to SOAP > Data Model schemata. > That's (one of the reasons) why WSDL Interop event is just > now being arranged. > > To summarize the choices the WG made: > 1) the SOAP Encoding is based on a single, concrete data model, > 2) the SOAP Encoding is not the only possible encoding of data > in that data model, > 3) SOAP RPC is based on the same data model, > 4) SOAP RPC represents requests and responses using structs, > 5) RPC return value is named enc:result to avoid conflicts. > > The open problems in this thread are the following: > a) XML Schema cannot be used easily (or maybe at all) to > describe the RPC structs, yet we want to do just that because > b) we don't want yet another schema language. > > Both these problems, as far as I can see, can be viewed as > problems of WSDL, given the choices above. Granted, changing some > of the choices might practically lessen the problems. But this > group wants to make a good XML messaging protocol, and provide > good rules for serialization of a given graph data model into > XML. > We do want to support XML Schema whereever appropriate, but > I don't think we need to support XML Schema even where it is > inappropriate - like for describing SOAP Data Model data. That > would be overloading (if not abuse) of XML Schema. Everybody can > choose not to use SOAP Encoding but use XML tree data model > instead, describing messages with XML Schema, and that's exactly > what WSDL's so called "literal" use of schemas does. > > It's not a bug that our data model is not suited for every > application, that's why it's optional. > > It's not a bug that SOAP Encoding data cannot be easily > described by XML Schema - they have different data models and > that's good. > > Jacek Kopecky > > Senior Architect, Systinet (formerly Idoox) > http://www.systinet.com/ > > > > > > > > >
Received on Thursday, 7 February 2002 12:40:04 UTC


text:
Claiming Our Voice Panel Discussion with Gulnahar Alam (lead organizer and founder of Andolan: Organizing South Asian Workers), Jennifer Pritheeva Samuel (filmmaker & director of Claiming our Voice), YaliniDream (performance artist featured in the film) and Sheila Bapat (author of Part of the Family? Nannies, Housekeepers, Caregivers and the Struggle for Domestic Workers' Rights) offer remarks on domestic workers' rights. Learn about the challenges and successes of South Asian worker organizing efforts in the United States. This discussion is moderated by Preeti Mangala Shekar. This event was co-sponsored by Reimagine Race, Poverty and the Environment and ASATA (Alliance of South Asians Taking Action) and held at Oakstop Coworking in the heart of downtown Oakland.
Claiming Our Voice is a film about South Asian domestic worker organizing.
There are more than 1.8 million domestic workers in the United States, many of whom toil in often unregulated and exploitative work conditions hidden from view in the homes of employers. Immigrant women of color constitute a disproportionate number of these domestic workers.
Claiming Our Voice interviews the women of Andolan, an organization founded and led by South Asian immigrant low-wage workers in New York City who organize collectively against exploitative work conditions. The film joins the women as they prepare to share their stories in a multi-lingual theater performance directed by YaliniDream.


text:
Every Case Matters
When you focus on one thing for over 30 years, representing victims of personal injury, and do it well day in and day out, operate with conviction and integrity, armed with the facts and the law, you are taken seriously by insurance companies, lawyers, and judges. It's how we seek justice and most importantly how we win. To better serve you, we have professional offices located in Philadelphia, Berks and Montgomery Counties. We treat each client the way we hope a family member should be treated, with compassion, extraordinary diligence and total responsiveness.
Why settle for less?
Each case we handle is important and deserves the very best representation. You are probably viewing our website because you were injured in a car accident, or on someone's property or are the victim of medical malpractice. We handle all types of personal injury cases imaginable. Helping the injured get back on their feet and get the money they deserve from the responsible parties is all we do, day in and day out. In Pennsylvania Personal Injury Law, justice is served when we get you the money you deserve for all your medical bills, financial losses and pain and suffering!
An Established Law Firm With A Consistent Record of Success
The Brod Law Firm is a top rated Philadelphia Pennsylvania Personal Injury Law Firm that represents injured victims and workers. For over 30 years our firm has consistently achieved successful results for our clients through lawsuits and settlements. This firm has a well-earned reputation for providing extremely aggressive and high-quality representation, and we know injury law. In fact, Expertise has named top Philadelphia and Reading personal injury law firm, The Brod Law Firm, among the best Philadelphia Law firms. The goal of expertise is to connect people with the best local experts. In order to be chosen,car accident lawyers were scored on 25 variables. The firms are hand selected based upon independent review of reputation, credibility, experience, availability and professionalism. The expertise list of top 20 personal injury law firms in Philadelphia is not paid advertising.
We Will Come To Your Home Or Hospital If You Can't Come To Us
Our offices are conveniently located in Philadelphia, Reading, and Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia Personal Injury Lawyer Gary Brod has personally represented injured persons throughout the entire state of Pennsylvania, from Philadelphia all the way to Pittsburgh, to be exact, in 53 counties to date! We will come to your home or hospital for no charge if you can't meet in our conveniently located offices.
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Unlike some firms advertising with a paid spokesperson or the head of the firm who may no longer be involved in handling cases and then hands your case over to a young associate, top rated Pennsylvania personal injury lawyer Gary Brod will be involved in handling your case from the very start. His goal is to vigorously pursue your personal injury claim and obtain the best result possible. Gary Brod has over 30 years of personal injury case experience and has a well known reputation for success. Gary has an understanding of the law that only years of experience can provide.
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text:
I have always been interested in travel and over the years have collected various articles on places I would like to see one day and have listened to other peoples inspiring experiences. Last summer I decided I was going to stop dreaming and actually go somewhere and do something worthwhile, even if it meant going on my own.
A Google search later Projects Abroad was clearly the most genuine organisation I could find and I enrolled on a Building Project in Ghana for a month the following summer. This was without a doubt the best decision I have ever made and I am so glad I did not take any notice of any doubts I had!
The support I received from the Projects Abroad team was great and any queries I had were answered straight away. When I began my travel to Ghana it felt very surreal but any nerves were greatly outweighed by excitement.
My first impressions of Ghana
I had heard that Ghanaians are among the friendliest people in the world, and this is so true. From the woman I sat next to on the plane who proudly told me all about her country, to my host family and total strangers who I asked for directions.
I stayed with a host family and eight other volunteers in Mamfe which is in the Akuapuem Hills. As soon as I arrived everyone was very welcoming and we spent an evening watching television with the children before going to a restaurant to meet other volunteers and local people. I was not expecting to meet such amazing people, even though, as my roommate put it: "Of course everyone's nice we're all volunteers, what were you expecting?"
When volunteers from my house began to leave it genuinely felt like we were losing family members and since I've come home we've all kept in touch.
My building placement
My Building Project was at a growing rural school were we built a toilet block and more classrooms. The work is quite challenging but when you can see physical results at the end of each day it's hugely rewarding. Whilst I was there I made bricks, mixed mortar, dug foundations, plastered walls, and played with the children.
The bucket shower and lunch waiting for me when I got home was greatly appreciated! I never got to see the project completed but when I saw the photos of it finished and with everyone's names on the wall I felt so proud to have been a part of it.
Travelling in my free time
If you get the opportunity to travel at weekends you should defiantly do it. Ghana is such a beautiful place and has so much to offer; travelling in tros is an experience in itself! I traveled to Kokrobite's Reggae Beach, saw the caves and waterfalls of the Volta Region and Mole National Park to see elephants! I hope to go back to explore Ghana further as I barely scratched the surface of all the places there are to visit.
My last day came around far too quickly. During my whole time in Ghana I honestly never once felt home sick, and the main topic of conversation with the people I met is how much we miss it! My biggest regret is that I was only there for a month, and by the time I had truly settled in and felt like part of the community it was time to come home.
Are you interested in joining this project?
If so, one of our experts can help.
Contact Us on:
This is a personal account of one volunteer's experience on the project and is a snapshot in time. Your experience may be different, as our projects are constantly adapting to local needs and building on accomplishments. Seasonal weather changes can also have a big impact. To find out more about what you can expect from this project we encourage you to speak to one of our friendly staff.


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ASCII was one of the early hacklabs starting 1999 as an free internet workplace on the Herengracht 243a in Amsterdam. After moving through the Jodenbreestraat 24, Kinkerstraat 92-94, 2e Kostverlorenkade, Wibautstraat 7 and the Javastraat 38hs, we finally kicked the bucket and let go in 2006.
ASCII might have died in 2006, but Squatting and Hacking goes on. For active projects check out the following sites:


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Welcome to the web site of Daniel Kurka. This page has two purposes: Sharing information about my professional life such as articles, presentations, etc.
This website is also a place where I would like to share content I enjoy with the rest of the world. Feel free to take a look around, read my blog or follow me on twitter.
GWT Steering Committee
I am part of the GWT Steering Committee, that drives the future development of the open source project GWT.


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Lots of brown rot, suture bulge, good acidic taste
Plant Patent #08164 issued 03/02/1993. ORIGIN OF VARIETY The new variety of peach tree P.F. 23 was originated by Paul Friday in the experimental orchard of maintained for the purpose of breeding Paul Friday Farms Inc. located in Coloma, Mi. Coloma is located in the southwest section of Michigan. The P.F. 23 peach tree was developed in a first generation cross between two seedlings. The female parent and the male parent originated from deliberately selected ones of peach trees of unknown origin grown in the peach tree breeding orchard of Paul Friday Farms Inc. for about 8 years. The seedlings were grown in the experimental orchard of the Paul Friday Farms Inc. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF THE VARIETY The new and distinct variety of peach tree was asexually propagated by budding as performed in the experimental orchard of Paul Friday Farms Inc. located in Coloma, Mi. The asexual propagation demonstrates that such reproduction of the characteristics of the tree are consistent and are established and transmitted through succeeding propagation. SUMMARY OF THE VARIETY The new and distinct variety of peach tree is of moderate large spreading growth and a regular and productive bearer of peaches. The blossoms are characterized by being contracted or partially open when in full bloom so as to be capable of being described as partially non-showy. At the same time the petals of the blossoms are of lesser length than the length of petals of the normal showy blossom as exemplified by the Loring peach blossom. The blossoms of the present peach tree are clearly distinguishable from the non-showy blossom of the Redhaven peach tree and showy blossom of the Loring peach tree. The typical non-showy as represented by the Redhaven includes five relatively short petals angularly spaced and radially projecting upwardly from the blossom base. The diametrical distance across the blossoms between the petal edges is about 1/2 inch. The typical showy blossom as exemplified by the Loring peach blossom includes five petals of substantial greater length and being angularly spaced and radially projecting normal to the base to form what may best be described as a generally flat blossom or flower. The diameter of the Loring blossom or flower taken between the outer edges of the petals is about 1-7/16 inches. In contrast, the blossoms of the present tree include five petals each of which are somewhat but distinctively curled about their lengthwise axis in the form of an elongate concave cup. The cup-shaped petals are angularly spaced and project upwardly from the blossom base. The diameter of the blossom taken between the edges of oppositely disposed petals is about 13/16 inch. The fruit has a firm flesh and may be described as resilient to the extent that the flesh is yieldable and restorable to its original state when subjected to impact forces which may cause permanent deformation in peaches of the commercial varieties. The firmness of the fruit facilitates handling and packaging of the peaches without damaging the same for shipment. This results in less spoilage and also increases the shelf life. The fruit matures in the latter part of the peach growing season of Southwestern Michigan. The fruit as mentioned heretofore is of red color over about 80% of its spheroidal surface and has a very attractive appearance.
The description of each variety of peach or nectarine fruit under each group is in different formats as this information is collected from varied sources and hence is not consistent


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Once a carnivorous plant has procured an item for dinner, it has to have some way to turn it into fertilizer. What carnivorous plants do is very similar to what humans do with their dinner after they have eaten it. Most carnivorous plants have glands that secrete acids and enzymes to dissolve proteins and other compounds. The plants may also enlist other organisms to help with digestion. The plants then absorb the nutrients made available from the prey.
Digestion methods (with representative genera or species):
- Leaf surface
- Leaf rolls and tentacles bend for increased prey contact (Drosera)
- Leaf rolls or is rolled to contain digestion fluid (Pinguicula)
- Leaf doesn't move (Drosophyllum, Triphyophyllum, Byblis, Roridula)
- Sealed trap (Dionaea, Aldrovanda, Utricularia)
- Pit or stomach (Sarracenia, Genlisea)
- Water pool (Nepenthes, Darlingtonia, Heliamphora, Cephalotus, Sarracenia purpurea and S. rosea)
- Commensal organisms (Roridula, Byblis, Darlingtonia)
Leaf surface and sealed trap digestion generally involve only digestive enzymes and other material supplied by the plant. The leaf surface carnivores release copious amounts of fluid to smother the prey, quickly digest it, and provide a vehicle for assimilation of the released nutrients. The leaves have special glands to make this possible and may also have special adaptations to make absorption of the nutrients more efficient than typical plants.
Drosera releases digestive juices through the glands at the tip of its tentacles and absorbs the nutrients through the tentacles, leaf surface, and sessile glands. In order to do this it bends its tentacles and rolls or bends the leaf to get as many tentacles as possible into contact with the prey for digestion and to make as much leaf surface available for absorption. Its relative Drosophyllum has differently structured, non moving tentacles and doesn't use them directly for digestion. Instead it has specialized glands on the surface of the leaf that release the digestive enzymes (see Carniv. Pl. Newslett. 11(3):66-73 ( PDF ) for drawings and discussion).
The sealed trap of Dionaea does digestion in a way similar to the leaf surface digestion carnivores—upon capture of a prey, digestive enzymes in mucous are released. The advantage of the sealed trap of Dionaea is rain won't wash away the nutrients as digestion proceeds.
The sealed trap carnivores Aldrovanda and Utricularia already have water in their traps so they only need to release enzymes. Utricularia appears to release the enzymes continuously into its traps.
The other carnivorous plants use either a mixed mode of digestive enzymes and partner organisms (Genlisea, Sarracenia, most Nepenthes, Cephalotus, some Heliamphora, Roridula) or other organisms exclusively for digestion (most Heliamphora, some Nepenthes, Darlingtonia). Part of the reason for partnering with other organisms is that the plants actually have little choice in the matter. This could also be a factor for the leaf surface and sealed trap digesters as well. The prey will have gut flora that are quite capable of digesting their host when it dies. In addition, insect larvae, frog tadpoles, and predacious protozoans will or will attempt to take up residence in water-filled traps. The plant releasing digestive enzymes and acids into the traps will help tip the nutrition balance to themselves, but there are limits.
So how do we know which plants release digestive enzymes and when? The digestive glands are so small. Hartmeyer (1997) ( PDF ) demonstrated a technique for using black and white photographic film to assay the presence of enzymes that dissolve protein. The plants use dissolved protein as a nitrogen source. The film contains silver salts in a gelatin matrix on a clear plastic backing. Proteases dissolve the gelatin protein leaving clear areas on a black background after the film is developed. The film can be laid on the leaves of carnivorous plants or drops of fluid from pitchers can be placed on the film. The tests can be done with or without stimulation by prey, salt, or yeast solutions. If you can still get real photographic film and developer, this test is easy to do.
The developed film test for protease is a quick and dirty test. Many carnivorous plants will test negative because the test is not sensitive enough, the enzymes they secrete do not dissolve gelatin or you cannot get the film to where the digestive glands are located.
Frazier (2000) ( PDF ) discussed the history and status of the studies of the Nepenthes (and Drosera) protease nepenthesin. It is not easy to study nepenthesin because it is produced in small quantities, Nepenthes pitcher fluid my be contaminated with proteases from other organisms, and it may be bound to a carbohydrate. Nepenthesin works like the mammalian digestive protease pepsin but it is more stable and works best at higher acid levels (lower pH). It may also be unique in structure, even among plants.
In a more recent contribution Takahashi, et al. (2009) studied the acid proteases (= proteinases) found in Nepenthes, Cephalotus, Dionaea, and Drosera. The species they tested had at least two different proteases each and as expected Cephalotus was different from Nepenthes and Dionaea (not all the tests worked for Drosera). They determined optimal pH and temperature, protein cleavage sites, and stability. This study and others like it help us to understand what the carnivores are doing to make the amino acid components of a prey available to themselves.
Another element that plants need from their prey is phosphorus. Plachno, et al. (2006) used an interesting technique to visualize sites of acid phosphatase activity. A fluorescence labeled phosphatase substrate is used to make phosphatase glow under ultraviolet light. All cells contain phosphatases (all cells also contain proteases) but the substrate would not normally penetrate cell walls so we can see where phosphatases are found external to the cell or otherwise are being excreted. There is a special case where cells can be actively absorbing water or other substances. They can absorb the fluorescent substrate and light up on the inside.
Table from Plachno et al. (2006) Plant Biol. 8:813–820. Phosphatase activities found in different types of glandular and epidermal cells. +++ means strong positive, ++ less, + only small reaction, – negative reaction.
Emergences are small structurally complicated leaf structures such as tentacles. Hairs are simple structures. |
Plachno, et al., were able to visualized the locations where phosphatase was being excreted as well as where the substrate was being absorbed. The absorption of the substrate does confuse the issue a bit because it is hard to tell if a gland is multipurpose. It is very clear from the data that phosphatases are important to carnivores. Also there is more to understand about carnivory in Roridula and Byblis since they are clearly acting like full-on carnivores in this test.
Plachno, et al. (2009) did a study to determine how much nutrition carnivorous plants derive from their prey. They placed Drosophila flies on leaves of a number of plants for 10 to 15 days then analyzed the remains to see what remained. Presumably what remained of the fly after 10 to 15 days was what the plant did not absorb. An active carnivore should be able to remove a sizeable fraction of the nutrients from the fly. A non-carnivore would not.
Table modified from Plachno et al. (2009) Annals of Botany 104:649–654. Comparison of % of nutrient uptake from Drosophila flies after exposure on plant leaves for 10–15 d.
All numerical results shown are significantly different from the control at P < 0.05. n.s. = not significantly different from control (i.e. 0%). |
Their results show that Roridula gorgonias and Drosophyllum lusitanicum extract a significant amount of nutrients from the flies while Proboscidea parviflora and Ibicella lutea do not. The actual values shown in the paper for Proboscidea parviflora and Ibicella lutea are not even close to significant—in fact most show more nutrients in the corpse!—so it is not likely a more sensitive test of this type might exonerate those species.
-- John Brittnacher
For a more detailed discussion please see the following articles and articles they reference.
Chandler, Graeme (1978) The Uptake of Digestion Products by Drosera. Carniv. Pl. Newslett. 7(1):11-13 ( PDF ) part 1
Chandler, Graeme (1978) The Uptake of Digestion Products by Drosera. Carniv. Pl. Newslett. 7(2):51-54 ( PDF ) part 2
Frazier, Christopher K. (2000) The enduring controversies concerning the process of protein digestion in Nepenthes(Nepenthaceae). Carniv. Pl. Newslett. 29(2):56-61 ( PDF )
Studnicka, Miloslav (2001) New Observations of leaf movements in Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae). Carniv. Pl. Newslett. 30(2):51-54 ( PDF )
Hartmeyer, Siegfried (1997) Carnivory of Byblis revisited - A simple method for enzyme testing on carnivorous plants. Carniv. Pl. Newslett. 26(2):39-45 ( PDF )
Bringmann, Gerhard and Matthias Wenzel and, Henrick Philipp Bringmann and Jan Schlauer (2001) Uptake of the amino acid alaninie by digestive leaves: proof of carnivory in the tropical liana Triphyophyllum peltatum (Dioncophyllaceae). Carniv. Pl. Newslett. 30(1):15-21 ( PDF )
Takahashi, Kenji and Masao Tanji and Chiaki Shibata (2007) Variations in the content and isozymic composition of nepenthesin in the pitcher fluids among Nepenthes species. Carniv. Pl. Newslett. 36(3):73-76 ( PDF )
Takahashi, Kenji and Koji Matsumoto and Wataru Nishii and Miho Muramatsu and Keiko Kubota and Chiaki Shibata and Senareth B.P. Athauda (2009) Comparative studies on the acid proteinase activities in the digestive fluids of Nepenthes, Cephalotus, Dionaea, and Drosera. Carniv. Pl. Newslett. 38(3):75-82 ( PDF )
Plachno, B. J., L. Adamec, I. K. Lichtscheidl, M. Peroutka, W. Adlassnig, and J. Vrba (2006) Fluorescence Labelling of Phosphatase Activity in Digestive Glands of Carnivorous Plants. Plant Biol. 8:813–820 (available here)
Adamec, L. (1997) Mineral nutrition of carnivorous plants: A review. Botanical Review 63:273-299.
Plachno, Bartosz Jan, Lubomir Adamec and Herve Huet (2009) Mineral nutrient uptake from prey and glandular phosphatase activity as a dual test of carnivory in semi-desert plants with glandular leaves suspected of carnivory. Annals of Botany 104:649–654.
Drosera capensis consuming a large juicy food item (hydrated dried bloodworms, i.e. fish food).
Drosophyllum lusitanicum leaf close up. The red disks on the leaf surface are the sessile digestive glands. The stalked glands are only used for trapping prey. Photo by Thomas Cahill.
Looking into a Sarracenia leucophylla pitcher full of corpses.
Close up of the remains of prey in a Sarracenia pitcher. The plant does not digest the chitinous exoskeleton of the insects.
Scanning electron micrograph of the inside of an Aldrovanda trap. Note the X-shaped glands, trigger hairs, and circular, slightly stalked digestive glands. Image © Bartosz Jan Plachno, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.
Scanning electron micrograph of an Aldrovanda digestive gland. Image © Bartosz Jan Plachno, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.
Scanning electron micrograph of an Aldrovanda quadrifid gland (black and white image) and quadrifid gland with fluorescence labeled phosphatase substrate under UV light (color inset). The quadrifid glands may release digestive enzymes but are probably primarily used for absorption. You would know this by watching the phosphatase substrate accumulate inside the cells. Image © Bartosz Jan Plachno, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.
Roridula dentata with captured flies.


text:
Status: passed, as amended, Jun 89 X3J13Issue: PATHNAME-SUBDIRECTORY-LIST
References: Pathnames (pp410-413), MAKE-PATHNAME (p416),
PATHNAME-DIRECTORY (p417)
Related-issues: PATHNAME-COMPONENT-CASE, PATHNAME-COMPONENT-VALUE
Category: CHANGE
Edit history: 18-Jun-87, Version 1 by firstname.lastname@example.com
05-Jul-88, Version 2 by Pitman (major revision)
28-Dec-88, Version 3 by Pitman (merge discussion)
22-Mar-89, Version 4 by Moon (fix based on discussion)
19-May-89, Version 5 by Moon (improve based on mail)
21-May-89, Version 6 by Moon (final cleanups)
17-Jun-89, Version 7 by Moon (add current practice
and discussion; minor fixes based on discussion)
2-Jul-89, Version 8 by Masinter (add Jun89X3J13 amendment)
Problem Description:
It is impossible to write portable code that can produce a pathname
in a subdirectory of a hierarchical file system. This defeats much of
the purpose of the pathname abstraction.
According to CLtL, only a string is a portable value for the directory
component of a pathname. Thus in order to denote a subdirectory, the use
of punctuation characters (such as dots, slashes, or backslashes) would
be necessary. The very fact that such syntax varies from host to host
means that although the representation might be "portable", the code
using that representation is not portable.
This problem is even worse for programs running on machines on a network
that can retrieve files from multiple hosts, each using a different OS
and thus different subdirectory punctuation.
Related problems:
- In some implementations "FOO.BAR" might denote the "BAR" subdirectory
of "FOO", while in other implementations it would denote a top-level
directory, because "." is not treated as punctuation. To be safe,
portable programs must avoid all potential punctuation characters.
- Even in implementations where "." is used for subdirectories,
"FOO.BAR" may be recognized by some to mean the "BAR" subdirectory of
"FOO" and by others to mean `a seven character directory name with "."
as the fourth character.'
- In fact, CLtL does not even say whether punctuation characters are
part of the string. eg, is "foo" or "/foo" the directory component for
a unix pathname "/foo/bar.lisp". Similarly, is "[FOO]" or "FOO" the
directory component for a VMS pathname "[FOO]ME.LSP"?
PATHNAME-COMPONENT-VALUE:SPECIFY says punctuation characters are not
part of the string.
Proposal (PATHNAME-SUBDIRECTORY-LIST:NEW-REPRESENTATION)
Remove the "structured" directory feature mentioned on CLtL p.412.
Allow the value of a pathname's directory component to be a list. The
car of the list is one of the symbols :ABSOLUTE or :RELATIVE.
Each remaining element of the list is a string or a symbol (see below).
Each string names a single level of directory structure. The strings
should contain only the directory names themselves -- no punctuation
A list whose car is the symbol :ABSOLUTE represents a directory path
starting from the root directory. The list (:ABSOLUTE) represents
the root directory. The list (:ABSOLUTE "foo" "bar" "baz") represents
the directory called "/foo/bar/baz" in Unix [except possibly for
alphabetic case -- that is the subject of a separate issue].
A list whose car is the symbol :RELATIVE represents a directory path
starting from a default directory. The list (:RELATIVE) has the same
meaning as NIL and hence is not used. The list (:RELATIVE "foo" "bar")
represents the directory named "bar" in the directory named "foo" in the
default directory.
In place of a string, at any point in the list, symbols may occur to
indicate special file notations. The following symbols have standard
meanings. Implementations are permitted to add additional objects of any
non-string type if necessary to represent features of their file systems
that cannot be represented with the standard strings and symbols.
Supplying any non-string, including any of the symbols listed below, to a
file system for which it does not make sense signals an error of type
FILE-ERROR. For example, Unix does not support :WILD-INFERIORS in
most implementations.
:WILD - Wildcard match of one level of directory structure.
:WILD-INFERIORS - Wildcard match of any number of directory levels.
:UP - Go upward in directory structure (semantic).
:BACK - Go upward in directory structure (syntactic).
:ABSOLUTE or :WILD-INFERIORS immediately followed by :UP or :BACK
signals an error.
"Syntactic" means that the action of :BACK depends only on the pathname
and not on the contents of the file system. "Semantic" means that the
action of :UP depends on the contents of the file system; to resolve
a pathname containing :UP to a pathname whose directory component
contains only :ABSOLUTE and strings requires probing the file system.
:UP differs from :BACK only in file systems that support multiple
names for directories, perhaps via symbolic links. For example,
suppose that there is a directory
linked to
and there also exist directories
If a string is used as the value of the :DIRECTORY argument to
MAKE-PATHNAME, it should be the name of a toplevel directory and should
not contain any punctuation characters. Specifying a string, str, is
equivalent to specifying the list (:ABSOLUTE str). Specifying the symbol
:WILD is equivalent to specifying the list (:ABSOLUTE :WILD-INFERIORS),
or (:ABSOLUTE :WILD) in a file system that does not support :WILD-INFERIORS.
The PATHNAME-DIRECTORY function always returns NIL, :UNSPECIFIC, or a
list, never a string, never :WILD.
The list returned is not guaranteed to be "freshly consed" -- the
consequences of modifying this list is undefined.
In non-hierarchical file systems, the only valid list values for the
directory component of a pathname are (:ABSOLUTE string) and
(:ABSOLUTE :WILD). :RELATIVE directories and the keywords
:WILD-INFERIORS, :UP, and :BACK are not used in non-hierarchical file
Pathname merging treats a relative directory specially. Let
<pathname> and <defaults> be the first two arguments to
MERGE-PATHNAMES. If (PATHNAME-DIRECTORY <pathname>) is a list whose
car is :RELATIVE, and (PATHNAME-DIRECTORY <defaults>) is a list, then
the merged directory is the value of
(APPEND (PATHNAME-DIRECTORY <defaults>)
(CDR ;remove :RELATIVE from the front
(PATHNAME-DIRECTORY <pathname>)))
except that if the resulting list contains a string or :WILD immediately
followed by :BACK, both of them are removed. This removal of redundant
:BACKs is repeated as many times as possible.
If (PATHNAME-DIRECTORY <defaults>) is not a list or
(PATHNAME-DIRECTORY <pathname>) is not a list whose car is :RELATIVE, the
merged directory is
(OR (PATHNAME-DIRECTORY <pathname>) (PATHNAME-DIRECTORY <defaults>))
A relative directory in the pathname argument to a function such as
OPEN is merged with *DEFAULT-PATHNAME-DEFAULTS* before accessing the
file system.
Test Cases/Examples:
(PATHNAME-DIRECTORY (PARSE-NAMESTRING "[FOO.BAR]BAZ.LSP")) ;on VMS
(PATHNAME-DIRECTORY (PARSE-NAMESTRING "/foo/bar/baz.lisp")) ;on Unix
=> (:ABSOLUTE "foo" "bar")
or (:ABSOLUTE "FOO" "BAR")
If PATHNAME-COMPONENT-CASE:KEYWORD-ARGUMENT passes with a default of
:COMMON, the value is the second one shown.
(PATHNAME-DIRECTORY (PARSE-NAMESTRING "../baz.lisp")) ;on Unix
(PATHNAME-DIRECTORY (PARSE-NAMESTRING "/foo/bar/../mum/baz")) ;on Unix
=> (:ABSOLUTE "foo" "bar" :UP "mum")
(PATHNAME-DIRECTORY (PARSE-NAMESTRING ">foo>**>bar>baz.lisp")) ;on LispM
(PATHNAME-DIRECTORY (PARSE-NAMESTRING ">foo>*>bar>baz.lisp")) ;on LispM
This would allow programs to deal usefully with hierarchical file
systems, which are by far the most common file system type.
This would allow a system construction utility that organizes programs
by subdirectories to be portable to all implementations that have
hierarchical file systems.
Discussion indicated that "Implementations are permitted to add
additional objects of any non-string type if necessary to represent
features of their file systems that cannot be represented with the
standard strings and symbols" is a necessary escape hatch for things like
home directories and fancy pattern matching. Implementations should
limit their use of this loophole and use the standard keyword symbols
whenever that is possible.
Current Practice:
Symbolics Genera implements something very similar to this. The main
differences are:
- In Genera, there is no :ABSOLUTE keyword at the head of the list.
This has been shown to cause some problems in dealing with root
directories. Genera represents the root directory by a keyword
symbol (rather than a list) because the list representation
was not adequately general.
- Genera has no separate concepts of :UP and :BACK. Genera
represents Unix ".." as :UP, but deals with :UP syntactically, not
On the Explorer, the directory component is a list of strings, not yet
supporting the symbols specified in proposal PATHNAME-SUBDIRECTORY-LIST.
Macintosh Allegro Common Lisp 1.2.2 uses a string with punctuation
characters instead of a list for the directory.
Lucid Common Lisp 3.0.1 under Unix uses a list for directories of
somewhat different form from what is proposed in
PATHNAME-SUBDIRECTORY-LIST. It uses :ROOT instead of :ABSOLUTE and uses
".." instead of :UP. It does use :RELATIVE.
Ibuki Common Lisp Release 01/01 uses a list for directories of somewhat
different form from what is proposed in PATHNAME-SUBDIRECTORY-LIST. It
uses :ROOT instead of :ABSOLUTE, uses :PARENT instead of :UP, and omits
the leading keyword instead of using :RELATIVE.
IIM uses a list for directories of somewhat different form from what is
proposed in PATHNAME-SUBDIRECTORY-LIST. It uses :ABSOLUTE-DIRECTORY
instead of :ABSOLUTE, uses :SUPER-DIRECTORY instead of :BACK, and omits
the leading keyword instead of using :RELATIVE.
Cost to Implementors:
In principle, nothing about the implementation needs to change except
the treatment of the directory component by MAKE-PATHNAME and
PATHNAME-DIRECTORY. The internal representation can otherwise be left
as-is if necessary.
Implementations such as Genera, Explorer, Lucid, Ibuki, and IIM that
already have hierarchical directory handling will have to make an
incompatible change to switch to what is proposed here.
For implementations that choose to rationalize this representation
throughout their internals and any other implementation-specific
accessors, the cost will be necessarily higher.
Cost to Users:
None for portable programs. This change is upward compatible with CLtL.
Nonportable programs will have to be changed if they use implementation
dependent hierarchical directory handling and the implementation
removes support for that when it adds support for this proposal.
Cost of Non-Adoption:
Serious portability problems would continue to occur. Programmers would be
driven to the use of implementation-specific facilities because the need
for this is frequently impossible to ignore.
The serious costs of non-adoption would be avoided.
This representation of hierarchical pathnames is easy to use and quite
general. Users will probably see this as an improvement in the aesthetics.
This issue was raised a while back but no one was fond of the particular
proposal that was submitted. This is an attempt to revive the issue.
The original proposal, to add a :SUBDIRECTORIES component to a
pathname, was discarded because it imposed an unnatural distinction
between a toplevel directory and its subdirectories. Pitman's guess is
the the idea was to try to make it a compatible change, but since most
programmers will probably want to change from implementation-specific
primitives to portable ones anyway, that's probably not such a big
deal. Also, there could have been some programs which thought the
change was compatible and ended up ignoring important information (the
:SUBDIRECTORIES component). Pitman thought it would be better if
people just accepted the cost of an incompatible change in order to
get something really pretty as a result.
Some people feel it is unnecessary to standardize the format of
pathname components such as the directory.
Moon doesn't like having both :UP and :BACK, but admits that some
file systems do it one way and some do it the other. He still thinks
it would be simpler if we got rid of :BACK and just had :UP.
To keep it simple, we chose not to add to this issue the functions
DIRECTORY-PATHNAME-AS-FILE and PATHNAME-AS-DIRECTORY, which convert
the name of a directory from or to the directory component of a file
inferior to that directory. This conversion is system-dependent, for
example TOPS-20 appends a type field and Unix does not. Also in some
systems the root directory has a name and in others it doesn't. Of
course these functions signal an error in non-hierarchical file
systems. Examples (for Unix, assuming #P print syntax for pathnames):
(directory-pathname-as-file #P"/usr/bin/sh") => #P"/usr/bin"
(pathname-as-directory #P"/usr/bin") => #P"/usr/bin"/
These functions have not been proposed because they are mainly useful
in conjunction with additional functions for manipulating directories
(creating, expunging, setting access control) that have not been made
available in Common Lisp.


text:
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ItemAn interactive, graphical coding environment for EarSketch online using Blockly and Web Audio API(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016-04) Mahadevan, Anand ; Freeman, Jason ; Magerko, BrianThis paper presents an interactive graphical programming environment for EarSketch, using Blockly and Web Audio API. This visual programming element sidesteps syntac- tical challenges common to learning text-based languages, thereby targeting a wider range of users in both informal and academic settings. The implementation allows seamless integration with the existing EarSketch web environment, saving block-based code to the cloud as well as exporting it to Python and JavaScript.
ItemData-Driven Live Coding with DataToMusic API(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016-04) Tsuchiya, Takahiko ; Freeman, Jason ; Lerner, Lee W.Creating interactive audio applications for web browsers often involves challenges such as time synchronization between non-audio and audio events within thread constraints and format-dependent mapping of data to synthesis parameters. In this paper, we describe a unique approach for these issues with a data-driven symbolic music application programming interface (API) for rapid and interactive development. We introduce DataToMusic (DTM) API, a data-sonification tool set for web browsers that utilizes the Web Audio API1 as the primary means of audio rendering. The paper demonstrates the possibility of processing and sequencing audio events at the audio-sample level by combining various features of the Web Audio API, without relying on the ScriptProcessorNode, which is currently under a redesign. We implemented an audio event system in the clock and synthesizer classes in the DTM API, in addition to a modular audio effect structure and a exible data-to-parameter mapping interface. For complex real-time configuration and sequencing, we also present a model system for creating reusable functions with a data-agnostic interface and symbolic musical transformations. Using these tools, we aim to create a seamless connection between high-level (musical structure) and low-level (sample rate) processing in the context of real-time data sonification.
ItemMulti-Modal Web-Based Dashboards for Geo-Located Real-Time Monitoring(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016-04) Winters, R. Michael ; Tsuchiya, Takahiko ; Lerner, Lee W. ; Freeman, JasonThis paper describes ongoing research in the presentation of geo-located, real-time data using web-based audio and visualization technologies. Due to both the increase of devices and diversity of information being accumulated in real-time, there is a need for cohesive techniques to render this information in a useable and functional way for a variety of audiences. We situate web-sonification|sonification of web- based information using web-based technologies|as a particularly valuable avenue for display. When combined with visualizations, it can increase engagement and allow users to profit from the additional affordances of human hearing. This theme is developed in the description of two multi-modal dashboards designed for data in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Cities. In both cases, Web Audio provided the back-end for sonification, but a new API called DataToMusic (DTM) was used to make common sonification operations easier to implement. DTM provides a valuable framework for web-sonification and we highlight its use in the two dashboards. Following our description of the implementations, the dashboards are compared and evaluated, contributing to general conclusions on the use of web-audio for sonification, and suggestions for future dashboards.
ItemLive Coding With EarSketch(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016-04) Freeman, JasonEarSketch combines a Python / JavaScript API, a digital audio workstation (DAW) visualization, an audio loop library, and an educational curriculum into a web-based music programming environment. While it was designed originally as a classroom educational tool for music technology and computer science, it has recently been expanded to support live coding in concert performance. This live coding performance explores the artistic potential of algorithmic manipulations of audio loops in a multi-track DAW paradigm and explores the potential of DAW-driven visualizations to demystify live coding and algorithms for a concert audience.
ItemA JavaScript Pitch Shifting Library for EarSketch with Asm.js(Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016-04) Martinez, Juan Carlos ; Freeman, JasonA JavaScript pitch shifting library based on asm.js was developed for the EarSketch website. EarSketch is a Web Audio API-based educational website that teaches computer science principles through music technology and composition. Students write code in Python and JavaScript to manipulate and transform audio loops in a multi-track digital audio workstation paradigm. The pitchshifting library provides a cross-platform, client-side pitchshifting service to EarSketch to change the pitch of audio loop files without modifying their playback speed. It replaces a previous server-side pitch-shifting service with a noticeable increase in performance. This paper describes the implementation and performance of the library transpiled from a set of basic DSP routines written in C and converted to Asm JavaScript using emscripten.


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We often use movies as a cultural reference but not everything we see on screen should be taken as gospel. Here are 50 things we've learned from movies over the years.
1. All telephone numbers in America begin with the digits 555.
2. Medieval peasants had perfect teeth.
3. The ventilation system of any building is the perfect hiding place. No one will ever think of looking for you in there, and you can travel to any other part of the building you want without difficulty.
4. Any person waking from a nightmare will sit bolt upright and pant.
5. It is always possible to park directly outside the building you are visiting.
6. A cough is usually the sign of a terminal illness.
7. If you decide to start dancing in the street, everyone you bump into will know all the steps.
8. No matter how badly a spaceship is attacked, its internal gravity system is never damaged.
9. The more a man and a woman hate each other, the more likely it is they will fall in love.
10. All bombs are fitted with electronic timing devices with large red readouts so you know exactly when they're going to go off.
Click NEXT to find out what else Hollywood has taught us
11. Cars that crash will almost always burst into flames.
12. A cup of black coffee or a splash of cold water in the face is enough to render the most inebriated person stone cold sober.
13. If you try hard enough, you can outrun an explosion.
14. If you stick your head out of cover during a gun fight, it will never be hit, especially if you look backwards to hold a conversation with someone behind you.
15. Police departments give their officers personality tests to make sure they are assigned partners who are their total opposite.
16. Honest and hard working policemen are traditionally gunned down three days before their retirement.
17. You're very likely to survive any battle in any war unless you make the mistake of showing someone a picture of your sweetheart back home.
18. The Eiffel Tower can be seen from any window in Paris.
19. Computers never display a cursor on screen but always say: Enter Password Now.
20. Once applied, lipstick will never rub off — even while scuba diving.
Click NEXT to find out what else Hollywood has taught us
21. All watches and clocks are synchronized to the second.
22. No matter how fuzzy the photograph, it can be enlarged and enhanced to show the finest detail.
23. Nearly everyone speaks English, no matter where they are from. Even aliens from outer space, despite the fact they have never been to Earth, seen an Earthling, or even heard of Earth or Earthlings.
24. No matter how catastrophic the disaster, pets will always survive it.
25. There will always be a doctor in a plane or building with the right medical supplies.
26. No matter how dead you think the bad guy is, he can still get up at least three more times.
27. People rarely use the bathroom, and if they do, they're usually dead within minutes.
28. Most laptop computers are powerful enough to override the communication systems of any invading alien civilization.
29. Cemeteries generate their own weather. Usually rainstorms… and not just gentle sprinkles, but biblical downpours.
30. When paying for a taxi, don't look at your wallet as you take out a bill — just grab one at random and hand it over. It will always be the exact fare.
Click NEXT to find out what else Hollywood has taught us
31. Most people keep a scrapbook of newspaper clippings — especially if any of their family or friends have died in a strange boating accident.
32. Cars that fly off cliffs spontaneously combust in midair for no apparent reason.
33. When you turn out the light to go to bed, everything in your room will still be clearly visible, just slightly bluish.
34. All computer disks will work in all computers, regardless of software.
35. Television news bulletins usually contain a story that affects you personally at the precise moment that it is aired.
36. Close blood relatives usually look nothing like each other, or have only a passing resemblance.
37. Any lock can be picked by a credit card or a paper clip in seconds — unless it's the door to a burning building with a child trapped inside.
38. When they are alone, all foreigners prefer to speak English to each other.
39. An electric fence that's powerful enough to kill a dinosaur will cause no lasting damage to an eight-year-old child.
40. If your town is threatened by an imminent natural disaster or killer beast, the mayor's first concern will be the tourist trade or his forthcoming art exhibition.
Click NEXT to find out what else Hollywood has taught us
41. It does not matter if you are heavily outnumbered in a fight involving martial arts — your enemies will wait patiently to attack you one by one by dancing around in a threatening manner until you have knocked out their predecessors.
42. A man will show no pain while taking the most ferocious beating, but will wince when a woman tries to clean his wounds.
43. If you are trapped in a tunnel, in a sinking ship, or a burning building, a cute little girl, a nun, and a feisty granny will be trapped with you.
44. All writers are wealthy; all publishing companies are glamorous; all artists are self-supporting and have large attractive well-lit loft studios.
45. Action heroes never face charges for manslaughter or criminal damage despite laying entire cities to waste.
46. During all police investigations it will be necessary to visit a strip club at least once.
47. If an expert makes a prediction and is disbelieved, then it will come to pass exactly as he predicted. If he makes a prediction and is believed, it won't happen.
48. If there is a large bump in a downhill road, a speeding car will fly over it and hit the ground in shower of sparks. Unsecured passengers will not be injured, and no tire damage, broken axles, or suspension failures will occur. The car will then execute a sharp turn involving a skid.
49. Dogs always know who's bad and will naturally bark at them.
50. Text appearing on a computer monitor appears letter by letter and making a sound as if it was produced by a typewriter.


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Vultures were sacred to him — FRIDAY, Jul. 31 2009 — It contains 613 mitzvot / Oscar-nominated portrayer of Frida Kahlo / TV commentator Timex ads
Friday, July 31, 2009
Constructor: Mike Nothnagel
Relative difficulty: Medium
THEME: none
Word of the Day: Mitzvot (10D: It contains 613 mitzvot => TORAH) — pl. of MITZVAH n., pl. -voth (-vōt', -vōs') or -vahs.
- A commandment of the Jewish law.
- The fulfillment of such a commandment.
- A worthy deed.
[Hebrew miswâ, from siwwâ, to command.]
-----Another even shorter write-up today. Today's early morning errand: car to garage for new front brakes, alignment, oil/filter change, etc. Bah.
A mostly enjoyable Friday puzzle pitched to just the right level of difficulty. Maybe *slightly* on the easy side, but not significantly. This grid is less wide open than most late-week grids — no daunting stacks of long words, no harrowing blocks of white. And yet the puzzle still proved thorny, and still entertained. Had a little trouble getting started, but then I saw 17A: Oscar-nominated portrayer of Frida Kahlo (Salma Hayek), a nice long gimme that opened things right up. Before that, the only thing I had in the grid was ARM (4D: The Adriatic vis-a-vis the Mediterranean), and I wasn't very sure of that. SALMA HAYEK plays Jack's (Alec Baldwin's) girlfriend on "30 Rock" and is hilarious. I've never liked her more than on that show. HAYEK turned AMIN to SHAH (14D: Onetime C.I.A.-backed foreign leader), and the NW went down fairly easily, with only DOYENNE (6D: Helen Thomas in the White House press corps). I do not like the word DOYENNE. Or MAVEN. Or MAUVE, for that matter, but that's not really relevant here.
After escaping the NW, I ran into only one more trouble spot: LEYDEN JAR (32D: It might store an electric charge). Turns out ... I don't know what that is. This probably should have been the word of the day, but I don't have time to change things at this point:
Leyden jar (lī'dən) , form of capacitor invented at the Univ. of Leiden in the 18th cent. It consists of a narrow-necked glass jar coated over part of its inner and outer surfaces with conductive metal foil; a conducting rod or wire passes through an insulating stopper in the neck of the jar and contacts the inner foil layer, which is separated from the outer layer by the glass wall. By modern standards, the Leyden jar is cumbersome and inefficient. It is rarely used except in laboratory demonstrations of capacitance.
So I had to hack my way through the SE, getting most of LEYDEN JAR through crosses. Then we came to the bitter end, where I had the weird experience of having not one but two single-letter shoot-outs at the end: one minor, one major. First, there was the "C" at the intersection of CHAIRS (43A: Heads up) / CELLED (43D: Single-_____). I had to back that "C" into a corner before it would show itself. But the even squirmier letter in the south, and my final letter overall, was the "W" in BOW (56D: It comes after the last number) / WED (62A: Bond). Had to run through the alphabet for that one — and like FA, that's a long long way to run.
- 6A: Factory staple (die) — Friday cluing. Felt like it could have been anything.
- 21A: What a player may mean by knocking on the table ("I pass") — poker, I presume. Not my game.
- 26A: Subject of the 1955 film "The Last Command" (Alamo) — more Friday cluing. If ALAMO gets a film clue, it's usually as the title of the John Wayne movie.
- 29A: Band members with long necks? (sitars) — never think of these being part of a "band."
- 31A: Many students on "Gilmore Girls" (Elis) — never seen it, but knew it had something to do with Yale.
- 32A: It's 11 miles NNW of JFK (LGA) — sure seemed longer by car.
- 37A: Roll top? (schmear) — great clue. Very difficult to make sense of.
- 42A: Early TV news commentator famous for doing Timex ads (Swayze) — I remember a Timex ad with Shari Belafonte (from my childhood) where she referred to Swayze and I had No idea what she was talking about.
- 56A: Comics character with a "gang" (Bazooka Joe) — he always looks good in the grid.
- 60A: Passage enabler ("open sesame") — more tough cluing. I thought the answer would have something to do with passing legislation.
- 63A: City in 1917 headlines (Ypres) — Site of WWI battle.
- 15D: Plumber seen in an arcade (Mario) — got his start in Donkey Kong, but then ended up in all kinds of Mario Bros. games for Nintendo.
- 23D: Computer debut of 1998 (iMac) — just read article about all the free advertising Apple is giving NYT in its iPhone ads. Beginning to think Apple's products are also given crossword friendly names so that they have yet another way to keep their product names in front of people on a regular basis. Really, how often do you see ZUNE in the puzzle? Now IPOD? See what I mean? Sinister.
- 27D: Slimming option, for short (lipo) — -suction
- 30D: Fast Eddie's girlfriend in "The Hustler" (Sarah) — about the most obscure clue on SARAH that I've ever seen.
- 34D: Vultures were sacred to him (Ares) — why "were?" Why not "are?" If he's a god, and immortal, then he still likes his vultures.
- 58D: "My baby at my breast," in Shakespeare (asp) — HA ha, gruesome. Love it.
Signed, Rex Parker, King of CrossWorld
[Follow Rex Parker on Twitter]
P.S. my write-up of today's Scrabbletastic LAT puzzle is here. Read more...


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LadyCup Menstrual Cup Wild Cherry
Related products
Product detailed description
LadyCup is a menstrual cup, designed to be inserted into the vagina, in a similar way to a tampon. During menstruation, menstrual blood is collected in the menstrual cup. Depending on your menstrual flow and the menstrual blood volume, empty LadyCup as needed. Usually 2–4 times during the day or 1 time during a night application (12 hours max.).
LadyCup is made from medical grade silicone. No bacteria can remain on its entirely smooth surface, it does not absorb any liquids, and thus no changes of the natural vaginal environment occur.
We advise sanitizing your cup between each menstrual cycle to keep it clean. You can do it by boiling or sterilizing with Milton tablets for 15 minutes.
Why to choose LadyCup for your period?
- 100% full-value alternative to sanitary napkins and tampons
- the most modern intimate hygiene product for ladies
- easy to use
- better for the environment – lasts up to 10 years
- ecological and economical – return on the purchase price of LadyCup after only 4 months
- made of silicone of maximum flexibility
- in optimum size and design with a smooth surface for easy use and maintain
- made of the highest quality medical silicone, used exclusively in the medical and food industry
LadyCup offers you the most modern intimate hygiene product. With LadyCup, your menstrual period will be more pleasant. LadyCup is the union of optimum shape with very high quality material. LadyCup is manufactured in a special clean environment and meets the requirements for high quality. A recommendation has been issued for the product LadyCup from the National Institute of Public Health.
Menstrual cup sizes
- Small – suitable for women who have not given birth to a child or women up to the age of 25 years
- Large – suitable for women who have given birth to a child or who are over the age of 25 years
Package contents
LadyCup Menstrual Cup, a cotton bag, international user guide, plastic and cardboard cover.
Zero Waste Packaging: LadyCup Menstrual Cup, a cotton bag.
User guide download
Keep LadyCup in the enclosed cotton bag. If stored in a place without UV radiation, LadyCup will preserve its clean colour for a long time. Do not keep LadyCup in airtight packages. Perform boiling or sterilization at the end of the menstruation period. Rinsing with water and using non-perfumed soap, if possible, is recommended as basic maintenance during menstruation. Perform maintenance as soon as possible upon emptying to prevent drying of menstrual blood, which makes subsequent cleaning more difficult. If water is not available, e.g. toilet paper can be used.
Check for the proper position of the inserted LadyCup according to instructions. Check whether LadyCup adheres to the vaginal wall. It is important that LadyCup is unfolded entirely. Perform the check using a finger along its surface. Check the patency of the low pressure openings and clean them if needed.
LadyCup need not be taken out. It is your decision and depends on how you feel. If LadyCup moves, it needs to be replaced again properly so that possible running through does not occur.
LadyCup cannot be used during sexual intercourse.
LadyCup has a different design. One difference is that there are no marks, inscriptions or symbols on its inner and outer surfaces. Therefore maintenance is very easy. The shape and surface of the bottom part and of the stem is adapted for easier removal/insertion thanks to its raised bumps. The thickness of the silicone material used is adapted to provide maximum flexibility, thus ensuring the best possible feeling during use. Low pressure openings are designed so as to prevent possible running through.
Can be used with a diaphragm or spiral.
LadyCup is especially suitable for all active women. You will appreciate its use during any sporting activities or while travelling.
LadyCup can be used safely from the very first menstruation. While virginity is not an obstacle, the vaginal muscles are tighter and insertion can be a challenge until your body has adapted to accommodate the cup.
The package is absolutely discrete. LadyCup is wrapped in an opaque bubble envelope or in cardboard packaging. LadyCup is shipped through the local post office or the carrier General Logistics Systems.


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Product Description
The LEGO DC Super Heroes Batman Key Chain is a highly detailed 175% scale (75mm/3in) replica of the LEGO minifigure with LED lights in his feet (one in each foot)! It features a metal key ring and links and he is posable with movable arms, hands! He's powered by 2 CR2025 batteries and at 75mm (3in) tall he's the perfect size to hold and carry…if you aren't afraid! Take him along for a spooky good time!


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Join the Phantom Thieves and strike back against the corruption overtaking cities across Japan. A summer vacation with close friends takes a sudden turn as a distorted reality emerges; reveal the truth and redeem the hearts of those imprisoned at the center of the crisis!
• Jump into the stylish world of Persona in an all-new story
• Dynamically control your team during explosive combat
• Battle across Japan in an epic road trip


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In the vast landscape of business, where startups emerge and evolve like stars in the night sky, there shines a beacon of innovation and creativity known as Fusion Gifts. Founded in 2019 by the visionary entrepreneur Piyush Goyal, this gifting e-commerce startup has not only redefined the concept of gift-giving but has also etched its mark on the hearts of countless individuals and corporations alike.
The story of Fusion Gifts is one of relentless determination, creative flair, and an unwavering belief in the power of making moments memorable. Piyush Goyal, a name that has become synonymous with ingenuity, embarked on this journey armed with a simple idea and an initial investment of Rs. 100,000. Little did he know that this seed of an idea would sprout into a blooming venture, spreading joy through personalized gifts and event-based surprises.
From the outset, Piyush had a clear vision – to craft a platform that could transcend the ordinary and offer a diverse range of gifting solutions. Fusion Gifts was conceived not as a mere e-commerce venture, but as a conduit for emotions, relationships, and celebrations. The startup tapped into the art of storytelling through gifts, recognizing that each present is a chapter in the larger narrative of human connection.
Piyush's journey was not without its challenges. Navigating the complex landscape of e-commerce, building a brand from scratch, and establishing a network of suppliers and partners demanded unwavering perseverance. Yet, he embraced these obstacles as opportunities to learn and evolve. He forged partnerships, honed negotiation skills, and relentlessly pursued innovation, ensuring that Fusion Gifts stood out in an increasingly crowded marketplace.
One of the pivotal aspects that set Fusion Gifts apart was its commitment to personalization. Piyush understood that a personalized touch could transform a simple gift into a cherished memory. Customers could engrave their emotions onto each item, making every present a reflection of thoughtfulness and care. This approach resonated deeply with individuals and corporate clients alike, paving the way for Fusion Gifts to become the go-to destination for personalized and event-based gifting.
Corporate gifting and employee recognition soon became Fusion Gifts' forte. Piyush's understanding of the importance of acknowledging and nurturing professional relationships led to the creation of bespoke gift solutions that aligned with corporate values and aspirations. The startup became a partner in celebrating milestones, expressing gratitude, and fostering a sense of belonging within organizations.
The Fusion Gifts journey also reflects the power of adaptability. In the face of the global pandemic, which disrupted businesses worldwide, Piyush demonstrated remarkable resilience. Recognizing the shift in customer behavior and the rise of virtual interactions, Fusion Gifts swiftly pivoted to offer digital gifting experiences. This foresight not only ensured the survival of the business but also showcased Piyush's ability to turn challenges into opportunities for growth.
As the years went by, Fusion Gifts continued to flourish, gaining recognition for its exceptional products and heartfelt approach. The media soon caught wind of this success story, and Piyush Goyal's tale of entrepreneurial triumph began to inspire aspiring business owners across the nation.
Piyush Goyal's journey with Fusion Gifts is a testament to the fact that dreams, when nurtured with dedication and innovation, can become a vibrant reality. His story underscores the significance of blending creativity with tenacity, transforming a simple startup into a source of happiness and connection for countless individuals and organizations.
So, as Fusion Gifts continues to unwrap dreams and create cherished memories, Piyush Goyal's legacy reminds us all that the road to success is not just about reaching a destination; it's about the journey, the stories, and the heartwarming moments shared along the way.


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As we enter the 2010 holiday season we wanted to let everyone know that we are in great shape regarding our stock of Technivorm coffee brewers and various home coffee roasters. We carry 4 thermal models of the Technivorm including the KBT-741 in polished silver and also in black; the CD Thermal (CDT); and, the smaller KBTS. All are in stock and we ship most brewers the day your order arrives.
Also in good supply are Behmor home coffee roasters of which we are a large volume dealer. We also have Hottop, Fresh Roast and Nesco home coffee roasters in stock and ready to ship.
The same holds true for all models of the excellent Baratza coffee mills: Virtuoso, Vario, Maestro and Maestro Plus. The newest model, the Precisio, will arrive shortly.
You will find our prices to be the best around and most equipment comes with free or bonus shipping plus other incentives. We are looking forward to serving your holiday needs for equipment as well as green coffee.


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Common Lisp the Language, 2nd Edition
The following facilities allow the value of a variable (more specifically, the value associated with the current binding of the variable) to be altered. Such alteration is different from establishing a new binding. Constructs for establishing new bindings of variables are described in section 7.5.
[Special Form]
setq {var form}*
The special form (setq var1 form1 var2 form2 ...) is the ``simple variable assignment statement'' of Lisp. First form1 is evaluated and the result is stored in the variable var1, then form2 is evaluated and the result stored in var2, and so forth. The variables are represented as symbols, of course, and are interpreted as referring to static or dynamic instances according to the usual rules. Therefore setq may be used for assignment of both lexical and special variables.
setq returns the last value assigned, that is, the result of the evaluation of its last argument. As a boundary case, the form (setq) is legal and returns nil. There must be an even number of argument forms. For example, in
(setq x (+ 3 2 1) y (cons x nil))
x is set to 6, y is set to (6), and the setq returns (6). Note that the first assignment is performed before the second form is evaluated, allowing that form to use the new value of x.
See also the description of setf, the Common Lisp ``general assignment statement'' that is capable of assigning to variables, array elements, and other locations.
Some programmers choose to avoid
setq as a matter of style, always using setf for any kind of
structure modification. Others use setq with simple variable names and
setf with all other generalized variables.
X3J13 voted in March 1989
(SYMBOL-MACROLET-SEMANTICS) to specify that if any var
refers not to an ordinary variable but to a binding made by
symbol-macrolet, then that var is handled as
if setf had been used instead of setq.
psetq {var form}*
A psetq form is just like a setq form, except that the assignments happen in parallel. First all of the forms are evaluated, and then the variables are set to the resulting values. The value of the psetq form is nil. For example:
(setq a 1) (setq b 2) (psetq a b b a) a => 2 b => 1
In this example, the values of a and b are exchanged by using parallel assignment. (If several variables are to be assigned in parallel in the context of a loop, the do construct may be appropriate.)
See also the description of psetf, the Common Lisp ``general parallel assignment statement'' that is capable of assigning to variables, array elements, and other locations.
X3J13 voted in March 1989
(SYMBOL-MACROLET-SEMANTICS) to specify that if any var
refers not to an ordinary variable but to a binding made by
symbol-macrolet, then that var is handled as
if psetf had been used instead of psetq.
set symbol value
set allows alteration of the value of a dynamic (special) variable. set causes the dynamic variable named by symbol to take on value as its value.
X3J13 voted in January 1989
to clarify that the value
may be any Lisp datum whatsoever.
Only the value of the current dynamic binding is altered; if there are no bindings in effect, the most global value is altered. For example,
(set (if (eq a b) 'c 'd) 'foo)
will either set c to foo or set d to foo, depending on the outcome of the test (eq a b).
set returns value as its result.
set cannot alter the value of a local (lexically bound) variable. The special form setq is usually used for altering the values of variables (lexical or dynamic) in programs. set is particularly useful for implementing interpreters for languages embedded in Lisp. See also progv, a construct that performs binding rather than assignment of dynamic variables.
makunbound symbol
fmakunbound symbol
makunbound causes the dynamic (special) variable named by symbol to become unbound (have no value). fmakunbound does the analogous thing for the global function definition named by symbol. For example:
(setq a 1) a => 1 (makunbound 'a) a => causes an error (defun foo (x) (+ x 1)) (foo 4) => 5 (fmakunbound 'foo) (foo 4) => causes an error
Both functions return symbol as the result value.
X3J13 voted in March 1989 (FUNCTION-NAME) to extend fmakunbound
to accept any function-name (a symbol or a list
whose car is setf - see section 7.1).
Thus one may write (fmakunbound '(setf cadr)) to remove any
global definition of a setf expansion function for cadr.


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CFP: Inequity to Equity: Promoting Health and Wellness of Women with Disabilities
Call for Proposals
Inequity to Equity: Promoting Health and Wellness of Women with Disabilities
The American Psychological Association invites submissions of proposals for an
interactive, interdisciplinary conference, "Inequity to Equity: Promoting
Health and Wellness of Women with Disabilities".
We seek proposals for poster presentations, papers, and symposia regarding women with disabilities that address the following topics: Health Disparities and Equity; Access to Healthcare; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Reproductive Health and Sexual Health; Psychosocial Health; Interpersonal Violence and Violence Prevention; Disability across the Lifespan; and Legal Guidance and Public Policy.
The conference is cosponsored with the Howard University Women's Health Institute and Gallaudet University and will be held at the Kellogg Conference Hotel at Gallaudet University in Washington, DC on October 17 - 18, 2011.
By promoting the exchange of knowledge and information among psychologists, other health care providers, researchers, educators, policymakers, women with disabilities and advocates, this conference aims to foster an integrated health care agenda that will improve health outcomes for women with disabilities. Call for Proposals deadline is July 8, 2011.


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Sofa Sets & Couch Units
GamFratesi's Silhouette Sofa sequence is characterised by the sleek curve of the sofa's back, which seamlessly combines a strong character with a easy, organic expression. The Porto is sweet worth for money, but is more snug as a sofa than a mattress. Supportive and classy, this power reclining sofa features basic comfort with a rich, modern design. There are 2 seater sofas to cosy up in, corner sofas to take advantage of any house, and large sofas is space if not an issue. This discover is to tell customers of the upcoming tenth launch of the SOFA software library, which is currently being finalised.
That includes a clear-lined silhouette with espresso-completed, tapered ft, this sofa is equally at house in loft-inspired abodes and transitional areas, while its convertible design helps you to transform this piece into a twin-sized bed to accomodate in a single day visitors. Embrace the modern design of the Neptune 2 Seater Fabric Sofa in your home.
Whether or not you are on the lookout for traditional, contemporary, or modern designs, shop on-line or stop by in-retailer for affordable furnishings that fits your lifestyle. This is a uncommon sofa bed that capabilities well as both sofa and mattress, with out compromising the comfort of either. Select from a full vary of kinds, some featuring modular designs or pullout beds.
Check applications t_sofa_f.for and t_sofa_c.c have been up to date as has the embody header file sofa.h. A documentation revision has been made shifting the routines STARPV and PVSTAR (formerly in Star Area Movement) and PMSAFE and STARPM (formerly in Star Catalog Conversions) into Astrometry. As a consequence of a server configuration drawback, the brand new release of the SOFA Fortran seventy seven and ANSI C libraries (2012-03-01) was delayed till 15:10:00 UTC.
At IKEA you will discover a wide range of living room seating in numerous materials, styles and sizes with attention to comfort, fashion and, after all, worth. The range is available in six material colours and three leathers, and includes a chaise sofa too. A great snug sofa bed means your home is all the time visitor-ready. Whatever your design preferences – from fashionable, modern, casual or traditional – we've thoughtfully created our sofas and couches to reinforce any room and any setting.
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