text:
Eric Zuesse
Off Guardian
Even for the post of U.S. President, the preferences of the American people have only a marginal, if any, impact upon the selection of the person to occupy that post.
In Colorado's Republican race to win delegates to the Republican National Convention for selecting the Republican Presidential nominee, there was no primary, and there was no caucus.
As the Republican magazine National Review headlined on April 11th, attempting to justify what a Republican wag had just headlined as "Cruz Celebrates Voterless Win": "Donald Trump Laid a Colorado Goose Egg because He Was Disorganized and Amateurish."
Their argument (since they campaign for any Republican but Trump) was: he lost "because he was disorganized and amateurish" not because he had been cheated by the Party-hierarchy.
National Review explained that in the process which had been set up by the Colorado Republican Party (it's set up by each individual state's Republican Party, not by the National Republican Party), "delegates to the national convention would be selected at congressional-district conventions and the Republican's [sic] state convention", and this was done in order to "give Colorado's delegates more flexibility," not done in order to require delegates to reflect the Republican (or any other) electorate in Colorado (since NR doesn't like even its own Party's electorate).
This was the explanation that was provided by that magazine, which backs Cruz, and which has been campaigning ferociously against Trump. Their article was built upon, and extensively quoted, the justifications put forth by one particular Cruz delegate, who said,
"The grassroots made the decision that Ted Cruz was the best candidate for us, and the grassroots made the decision to come out for Cruz and absolutely swept the table."
He called it "our caucus system." Whatever it was, it shut out all rank-and-file Republican voters, and left everything to people like himself, who could afford to do this:
"You have to put in the work, you have to put in the effort, and you have to do it months ahead of time."
In other words: only Republican Party activists in Colorado could participate in selecting the delegates who would participate in selecting the Republican nominee. No one else was allowed to. Their conception of the Colorado Republican Party is that it's only the Party's activists; and, if you're not a Republican activist, you have no say.
It's as if to say:
Only people who work in the government can have a say in how the government is to be run. It's for insiders only and, of course, indirectly it's for whomever pays those insiders and so enables them to "put in the work" to participate.
National Public Radio had a different take on this matter. Steve Inskeep headlined there"GOP Delegate: Trump Primary Wins 'Absolutely Irrelevant' At Convention." He interviewed Curly Haughland, a member of the Republican National Committee who lives in North Dakota, and who said:
"No matter what the popular belief might be, … there is no connection between primaries and the actual convention."
Well, that's putting it rather bluntly. Haughland also said:
"Cited the GOP's convention Rules 37 and 38. He interprets these convoluted rules to mean that delegates may 'vote their conscience.' The rules do not explicitly say this. Rule 37 is a detailed explanation of the procedure for roll-call votes. However, Rule 38 does say that no delegate may be 'bound' by the 'unit rule,' meaning that delegates from a state can't all be forced to vote the same way.
Another of Haughland's points is indisputable:
'When the convention convenes,' he said, 'the delegates adopt their own rules, which haven't been adopted yet.' There is a standard template for conventions, but delegates could tweak the template, changing the game in any way that they want."
In other words: the National Republican Committee says that all of the delegates to the Republican National Convention are allowed to "tweak the template, changing the game in any way that they want."
So: the delegates at that Convention won't actually be representing anyone but themselves there. They are entirely free to push for anyone whom they personally want to win the Republican U.S. Presidential nomination.
They're not bound, not even on the first ballot. They might pretend to be, if they feel a need to put on a show that looks 'democratic', but any who don't feel the need to make such a pretense, can do whatever they want on the first ballot, just like on any successive ballot.
They are free; all of them are free. It's only the electorate who aren't — they're not represented, at all.
What about on the Democratic side? Wyoming had held its Democratic Party caucuses on April 9, and there really were caucuses. Two days later, CNN headlined "Wyoming Democratic Caucuses: Bernie Sanders Picks Up Another Win", and reported:
"Bernie Sanders won the Wyoming Democratic caucuses Saturday, providing his campaign with one more jolt of momentum before the race against Hillary Clinton heads east. Even so, he made no gains in Clinton's delegate lead, as each earned seven delegates as a result." On April 12th a youtube video was posted, "MSNBC Morning Host Admits The 'Whole Voting System Is Rigged' After Bernie Get's Cheated!"
Here the co-hosts had a conversation about the results: "Sanders beat Hillary Clinton by twelve points, 56 to 44, … He wins by twelve points." The accompanying image showed the delegate-count, in this contest that Sanders had won by 56% to 44%: "18 total. Hillary Clinton 11, Bernie Sanders 7." It wasn't 7 to 7, after all.
Though Sanders had outscored Clinton by 12%, it was worse than even-steven for him; he had actually lost by 11 delegates to 7 delegates. "This system is so rigged!" said one host. "There's absolutely no reason any of those people voted," said the other.
A Hillary Clinton supporter was the 'expert' on the panel, and he said, "It's not rigged. These are the rules." He wasn't given time to explain that fine point — or how "the rules" were necessarily "not rigged."
Also on April 12th, Public Radio International's Todd Zwillich headlined (falsely), "Six Reasons Bernie Sanders Won Wyoming, But Still Tied in the Delegate Race", and Zwillig failed to explain that word "Tied." He opened:
"How, many of you ask, could Bernie have won Wyoming 56 percent to Hillary's 44 percent, but still split the delegates with her 50-50?"
Then, he repeated that there had supposedly been "The 7-7 split," but he also said "Wyoming has a total of 18 delegates" (which obviously isn'tthe sum of 7+7) and he was also likewise incoherent, all the way through.
Maybe "the rules" in the Wyoming Democratic Party are like that; but, whatever they are, is so convoluted, America's news-media couldn't explain what they were, much less were they able to argue persuasively that this was somehow a democracy.
The only thing that's clear is that the electoral system in the United States is so convoluted, so complex and so different from state to state and party to party, that whatever the intent of the writers of America's Constitution might have been, the system as it is today, can be successfully gamed and won only by interests who can afford to spend whatever billions of dollars are necessary in order to win. It's certainly anything but democratic.
Right now, according to RealClear Politics, there are only two Presidential candidates who are shown repeatedly, and almost consistently, to be preferred by the majority of the U.S. electorate: the Democrat Bernie Sanders is strongly preferred over the Republicans Trump and Cruz, and he is barely preferred over the Republican Kasich; and the Republican Kasich is strongly preferred over the Democrat Clinton. (Clinton loses strongly to Kasich and barely beats Cruz, while Trump is the weakest general-election candidate of all.)
The strongest general-election candidates are, clearly, Sanders in the Democratic Party, and Kasich in the Republican Party. In a democracy, those would be the candidates. Throughout the contest thus far, neither of these two has been favored likely to win his respective Party's nomination, much less the Presidency.
Whatever America is, it isn't a democracy — a one-person-one-vote majority-rule republic. In fact, the only scientific study that has ever been done of the U.S. political system, finds that it's no "democracy" at all, but instead an "oligarchy," a nation ruled by its aristocracy, its billionaires.
It represents them, not the citizenry. That might not be the theory, but empirically it is the fact. An oligarchy is the commonest type of dictatorship, and it certainly is never a 'benevolent dictatorship,' even if that phrase is not an oxymoron in itself.
To sum up: the U.S. is ruled by and for the corrupters. It has been like that since at least 1980.
Investigative historian Eric Zuesse is the author, most recently, of They're Not Even Close: The Democratic vs. Republican Economic Records, 1910-2010, and of CHRIST'S VENTRILOQUISTS: The Event that Created Christianity.
READ MORE US ELECTION NEWS AT: 21st Century Wire 2016 Election Files


text:
Linux Standard Base C++ Specification 4.1 | ||
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The LSB defines a binary interface for application programs that are compiled and packaged for LSB-conforming implementations on many different hardware architectures. A binary specification must include information specific to the computer processor architecture for which it is intended. To avoid the complexity of conditional descriptions, the specification has instead been divided into generic parts which are augmented by one of several architecture-specific parts, depending on the target processor architecture; the generic part will indicate when reference must be made to the architecture part, and vice versa.
This document should be used in conjunction with the documents it references. This document enumerates the system components it includes, but descriptions of those components may be included entirely or partly in this document, partly in other documents, or entirely in other reference documents. For example, the section that describes system service routines includes a list of the system routines supported in this interface, formal declarations of the data structures they use that are visible to applications, and a pointer to the underlying referenced specification for information about the syntax and semantics of each call. Only those routines not described in standards referenced by this document, or extensions to those standards, are described in the detail. Information referenced in this way is as much a part of this document as is the information explicitly included here.
The specification carries a version number of either the form x.y or x.y.z. This version number carries the following meaning:
The first number (x) is the major version number. Versions sharing the same major version number shall be compatible in a backwards direction; that is, a newer version shall be compatible with an older version. Any deletion of a library results in a new major version number. Interfaces marked as deprecated may be removed from the specification at a major version change.
The second number (y) is the minor version number. Libraries and individual interfaces may be added, but not removed. Interfaces may be marked as deprecated at a minor version change. Other minor changes may be permitted at the discretion of the LSB workgroup.
The third number (z), if present, is the editorial level. Only editorial changes should be included in such versions.
Since this specification is a descriptive Application Binary Interface, and not a source level API specification, it is not possible to make a guarantee of 100% backward compatibility between major releases. However, it is the intent that those parts of the binary interface that are visible in the source level API will remain backward compatible from version to version, except where a feature marked as "Deprecated" in one release may be removed from a future release. Implementors are strongly encouraged to make use of symbol versioning to permit simultaneous support of applications conforming to different releases of this specification.
LSB is a trademark of the Linux Foundation. Developers of applications or implementations interested in using the trademark should see the Linux Foundation Certification Policy for details.
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Status of this Document | Introductory Elements |

subset: commoncrawl


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Steve Guerdat Features at FEI Sports Forum in Lausanne, Switzerland
"Being open and transparent is vital to us as we are discussing matters which have the intention to, and most probably will, affect the future of our sport," FEI President Ingmar De Vos said in his opening address at the fifth edition of the FEI Sports Forum in Lausanne (SUI) on Monday, April 4th. "By coming together to share experiences and to discuss the future, we are showing our strength and unity as a sport and our willingness to lead and not be led."
The two-day Forum has attracted a record number of 320 delegates, with representatives from the International Olympic Committee (IOC), National Federations, the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF), stakeholders, sponsors, riders, trainers, media, volunteers, guests and FEI staff almost filling the auditorium at the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) Business School in Lausanne, Switzerland, which has hosted the Sports Forum for the past four years.
IMD Professor Stéphane Garelli, the day's first speaker, referenced the increasing impact of sport on the global economy. "When you look at sport, you are speaking of something that is joyful and happy. You have the privilege in sport and the FEI to bring happiness to people."
The opening day was dedicated to FEI Officials, their career pathway, remuneration and education, with the sessions providing the opportunity to debate key questions related to the involvement of the National Federations, costs, calendar and geographical spread, standards and strategy.
"The Officials are a group of people that play an important role in our sport and without whom our sport would not be possible. Our officials are in the frontline when it comes to preserving integrity and ensuring that a level playing field is maintained," Ingmar de Vos said.
The first session debated the optimal career pathway for FEI Officials, promotion, demotion, and sanctions. There was also debate on ways to measure the quality of officiating and whether there should be an age limit of FEI Officials.
Vicki Glynn, Chief Executive Officer of the New Zealand Federation supported the removal of the age limit for FEI Officials. "Legally this may be seen as age discrimination. The age limit must be removed. We are one of only two international sporting federations that retain age limits for officials. We should put a more effective evaluation process in place and like many countries do when renewing drivers' licenses, you need to have an eye sight test, medical test."
Delegates raised the importance of educational support from the FEI to increase the level of understanding of the sport amongst officials, and the correct application of FEI rules. There was general consensus that training and education are key to the development and understanding of the sport.
"People need to learn to follow procedures, judges need to learn that, but one thing we cannot miss is the horsemanship these people should have," Olympic Champion Steve Guerdat (SUI) said. "Yes we need rules, the rules are black and white, but we must not forget we have a horse in our sport, a living animal, and the officials must understand the importance of horsemanship."
"…we must not forget we have a horse in our sport, a living animal, and the officials must understand the importance of horsemanship."
Education was the focus of the second session, giving delegates the opportunity to raise questions on the involvement of National Federations in educating officials, balancing costs without impacting quality, and focusing on standards and education strategy.
Maarten van der Heijden, Secretary General of the Royal Dutch Equestrian Federation, called for standardised education material, and underlined the willingness of the Federation to share its own material for use by the FEI and other National Federations for education purposes.
"The riders want to have good judges so we can stay on a level playing field and look after our horses, we want clean sport and we want good judges," Guerdat said. "Unfortunately we need to find money and I understand it's very expensive. On my point I would have absolutely no problem giving away part of the prize money, but I'm sure I'm one of the few riders.
"There's a lot of pressure on those people, they have big decisions to take. We could maybe help them by creating a kind of panel to help them take the big decisions. It shouldn't only be the steward and judges. Maybe have a vet, a rider, an independent person for the panel."
Fellow panellist Rocio Echeverri also commented on the remuneration debate. "I really don't believe that someone who does it on a voluntary basis is more or less professional. As an official I'm 100 percent committed whether I get paid or not. Getting more money doesn't make us better officials. It's about ethics. Payment does not make a better official in my opinion."
"We don't want to sacrifice quality to get quantity, or sacrifice quality for expense, quality is an investment," said Wayne Channon, who was the only person to voice the view that all judges should be appointed by the FEI. Other delegates spoke in favor of retaining the split between Organising Committee and FEI appointments, stating that payment should come from whichever body appointed the Officials.
There was also concern expressed by a number of delegates for both the less developed nations and the non-Olympic disciplines. "Don't forget the smaller disciplines that are less professionalised and with less prize money. These athletes deserve well educated officials too," Maarten van der Heijden said.
FEI Secretary General Sabrina Ibáñez, closed the first day's sessions with a summary of the discussions on evaluation, age limit, mentoring, rotations, professionalism, subsidising education courses and remuneration with the help of the three rapporteurs.
"We can learn from other sports", Sabrina Ibáñez said. "The conclusions will be brought to the Bureau and a task force will be created to look at the individual issues. We will come up with some concrete measures to present to you."
After the session, the Secretary General commented on the positive feedback on the new way of running the Sports Forum. "We are genuinely committed to integrating members of our community and giving them a starring role in the discussions so that they could lead the debate as moderators and panelists. It was extremely well received by all the delegates as they felt they were an integral part of a direct dialogue."
The detailed programme for the FEI Sports Forum 2016 is available to view and download here
The FEI online platform is open for continued discussions on all topics raised at the FEI Sports Forum here


text:
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To complete your payment, you either need a PayPal account orCredit Card. (It is also possible to pay with a debit card, please check below for more info).
Choose a Credit Card payment method, fill the info
Click "Complete Order" and you are done!
What is CVV?
CVV is three number digit code, found on the back of your credit card.
Choose payment method: PayPal.Continue even if you don't have PayPal.
You will be prompted to "Log in" or "Pay with Debit or Credit Card".Click "Pay with Debit or Credit Card".
This will send you to PayPal Guest Checkout, this will not force you to create an account, you can simply enter your Credit Card details there
Congratulations, it was that easy!
(NOTE: If that button says Create an Account, then still click it, it will send you to PayPal Guest Checkout and you don't have to create an account.)
Note: Please make sure to select the appropriate country
If you have any further questions about paying for your orders, please email us
Most orders ship within 3 or 4 days. Once the order has been dispatched you will be sent a Tracking Code in your email with which you can use to track your order.
United States 15 Business Days
International 15 Business Days
** These are estimated delivery times. Sometimes there may be delays due to the shipping carrier or international events/ customs sorting.
Order Fulfillment
We ship daily from Monday through Friday, 52 weeks a year except for Saturdays, Sundays and holidays. Occasionally orders may not ship the 'next-day' due to stock issues, lacking order information or billing delays. Orders placed on Saturday will ship the following Monday or next open business day.
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We have received and fulfilled orders from over 50 countries across all the different continents. We are not liable for any custom fees that your country may impose on products purchased, this must be handed by you the purchaser.
*IMPORTANT* Right now due to the novel CoVid-19 national emergency, please bear with us as shipping delays are happening world-wide. We are striving to keep all deliveries on time, but please allow up to 30 days for delivery. Thank you for understanding, stay healthy!
Our policy lasts 30 days. If 30 days have gone by since your purchase, unfortunately we can't offer you a refund or exchange.
To be eligible for a return, your item must be unused and in the same condition that you received it. It must also be in the original packaging.
Several types of goods are exempt from being returned. Perishable goods such as food, flowers, newspapers or magazines cannot be returned. We also do not accept products that are intimate or sanitary goods, hazardous materials, or flammable liquids or gases.
Additional non-returnable items:
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To complete your return, we require a receipt or proof of purchase.
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Once your return is received and inspected, we will send you an email to notify you that we have received your returned item. We will also notify you of the approval or rejection of your refund.
If you are approved, then your refund will be processed, and a credit will automatically be applied to your credit card or original method of payment, within a certain amount of days.
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If you haven't received a refund yet, first check your bank account again.
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Only regular priced items may be refunded, unfortunately sale items cannot be refunded.
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If the item wasn't marked as a gift when purchased, or the gift giver had the order shipped to themselves to give to you later, we will send a refund to the gift giver and he will find out about your return.
You will be responsible for paying for your own shipping costs for returning your item. Shipping costs are non-refundable. If you receive a refund, the cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund.
is an e-commerce platform which consists of an online store builder and social marketplace, with over 10,000 merchants and thousands of products listed. Since launching in December 2020, there have been over 10 thousand in sales of products ranging from handmade goods to men's and women's hoodie,shoes and more.


text:
.I love my girls. And they all have amazing style, and they are all confident women of all sizes. As we welcome 2011 and figure out what our resolutions will be, you know we'll all say we'll try to be healthier, exercise more, etc..., I wanted to share mine.
First, meet Annie. I think she is the most confident girl I personally know. She was much heavier when we first met, back in the days when SKORCH was formed, then she lost a bunch of weight, but was still a curvy girl. She had found her true curves, the ones that aren't unhealthy, but just who you are.
She is fierce, and knows it. And, I think that makes her even more beautiful.
If it wasn't for this blog, I would forget about those days I felt and looked awesome. I don't get all dolled up everyday, so it's easy to forget I have potential. So here's to my confidence resolution.
In 2011, I will love and WORK my body, afterall, no one else has it :). And, I'll remember that while I am a large woman, I have been smaller and have been larger, and in the end, I only look as good as I feel.
So, have a happy new year dolls and embrace your full body and love it! And, get this tank top - I freaking LOVE it! :) xoxo Jessica
Here's me working the same top in the post "working girl chic."
Do you have this top? Lemme see - upload to my facebook page wall! :) XOXO


text:
In the guide
- Contract law
- What is a trader?
- What is a consumer?
- Types of 'digital content'
- What the consumer can expect (statutory rights)
- How 'free' digital content is dealt with
- Modifications and updates
- The meaning of 'right to supply'
- Unfair contract terms
- Remedy for breach
- Time limits for court action
- Liabilities for digital content given away
- Damage caused to devices or other digital content
- Pre-contractual information
- Access to transmission facilities
- Consumer rights summary
- Selling goods
- Supplying services
- Selling digital content together with goods / services: mixed contracts
- Further information
- Trading Standards
- In this update
- Key legislation
This guidance is for England and Wales
Chapter 3 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 covers contracts between a trader and consumer in relation to digital content, as distinct from goods and services, whilst also clarifying that any goods containing faulty digital content are protected by the remedies provided for faulty goods.
Digital content is data that is produced and supplied in a digital form - for example, computer system software, films, downloaded music or mobile phone application software (an app).
Although the Act sets out the specific rights consumers have when buying digital content, it recognises that in reality traders supply a mixture of goods, services and digital content - for example, the delivery (service) of a compact disc (goods) containing music (digital content) to a consumer's home. The Act clarifies what traders need to do when 'mixed contracts' occur, in particular for a mixture of goods and digital content.
Contract law
To better understand the key definitions it is useful to have at least a basic understanding of contract law as it applies in various parts of the UK. It is therefore suggested that you read the 'Formation of a contract' section within 'Selling and supplying goods' before continuing to read this guide.
Back to topWhat is a trader?
If you are a person acting for purposes relating to your trade, business, craft or profession then you are a 'trader'.
A 'person' can mean more than one individual - for example, if your business is a partnership of two or more people. A person can also be a company, a charity (or other not-for-profit organisation), a Government department, a local authority or a public authority.
If you are a trader that allows another person to act in your name or on your behalf you would still be responsible for those contracts - for example, if you employ people to make contracts for digital content with your customers or you sub-contract with someone else to supply all or part of the digital content.
If you are a trader based outside the UK but market your digital content to UK consumers, you will still be covered by the Act and should seek specialist advice.
Back to topWhat is a consumer?
For the purposes of this guide, a 'consumer' is an individual who, in their dealings with a trader, is acting for purposes wholly or mainly outside their trade, business, craft or profession. Where a consumer presents themselves as a business (for example, by buying goods for personal use from a trade outlet on a trade account) the law does not consider them to be a consumer.
If the trader claims that the buyer is not a consumer and that the buyer's rights are therefore limited, it is for the trader to prove this.
Back to topTypes of 'digital content'
The Act defines 'digital content' as meaning "data which are produced and supplied in digital form". Therefore a huge array of digital-format products fall within this definition - for example:
- video games
- virtual items purchased within video games
- television programmes
- films
- books
- computer software
- mobile phone apps
- systems software for operating goods - for example, domestic appliances, toys, motor vehicles, etc
In many cases digital content is supplied in a format that can be physically touched, such as a Blu-ray disc containing a film. Increasingly, however, digital content does not have a tangible form - for example, a film streamed online or a virtual car purchased when playing a video game.
Digital content is not to be confused with the ways by which digital content or goods and services are chosen, purchased, supplied or transmitted. If a trader sells products online using a website, the use of the website to sell those products is not digital content, it is just a virtual shopping place. The supply, for example, of a mobile telephone contract (calls, texts and data) is not digital content, it is a service for customers to use.
Of course digital content, such as a mobile ringtone, may be sold on a website; once purchased that digital ringtone product will then be transmitted and downloaded into the consumer's mobile phone.
Back to topWhat the consumer can expect (statutory rights)
Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 certain standards apply to every transaction for the supply of digital content. The digital content must be:
- of satisfactory quality
- fit for a particular purpose
- as described
There are conditions when the application of one or more quality requirements is restricted or not applicable at all. Each of the rights needs to be considered individually to see if it applies in relation to a particular contract.
Of satisfactory quality
Judgements as to whether the quality of a digital product is 'satisfactory' need to be made in terms of the expectations of a reasonable person. It follows that the unreasonable expectations of a consumer are not an acceptable judgement.
When deciding, as a reasonable person, whether the digital content is 'satisfactory', three factors are required to be taken into account and considered together:
- any description of the digital content
- the price paid
- all other relevant circumstances, but in particular public statements in advertising and labelling
If a trader can show that any of the following circumstances apply, the public statements are no longer to be taken into account:
- before any contract was made, the trader could not reasonably have been aware of the statement
- before the contract was made, the statement had been publicly withdrawn
- to the extent that it contained anything that was incorrect or misleading, it had been publicly corrected
- the consumer's decision to contract for the digital content could not have been influenced by the statement
Quality is a general term that can incorporate many different aspects relating to the state or condition of the digital content but may, where appropriate, be considered in terms of:
- fitness for all the purposes for which digital content of that kind is usually supplied
- freedom from minor defects
- safety
- durability
Quality does not include the consumer's subjective judgements, such as whether they liked a downloaded piece of music or not.
Most computer systems' software, games and apps have minor defects that are corrected over time with fixes or upgrades. Therefore a 'reasonable person' might expect the defects to be present and judge any items containing them to be of satisfactory quality.
A trader is not liable for the unsatisfactory quality of a product if any of the following circumstances apply:
- the customer's attention was drawn to an unsatisfactory aspect of the digital content before a contract was made
- where the consumer examines the digital content before the contract is made and that examination ought to reveal the unsatisfactory aspect
- where a trial version is examined by the consumer before the contract is made and a reasonable examination of the trial product ought to make the unsatisfactory aspect apparent
Fit for a particular purpose
Where, before a contract is made, a consumer makes known to the trader a particular purpose that they intend to use the digital content for, this becomes a contract term. The consumer may make this particular purpose known to the trader directly or by implication. This fitness for purpose is the case whether or not that purpose is one for which that digital content is usually supplied. Similar requirements ensure that where digital content is hired or purchased on credit, the creditor or hirer is liable for fitness for purpose.
There is an exemption to this requirement if it can be shown that the consumer did not rely on, or it was unreasonable for the consumer to rely on, the skill or judgement of the trader - for example, if a consumer emails the trader and then immediately downloads the app before the trader has had the opportunity to reply to them.
As described
Digital content must match any description the trader gives to the consumer about it. Every contract to supply digital content has 'as described' as a contract term.
It does not matter if the consumer examines a trial version of the product before the contract is made and the final product matches the trial product or is even better; it is the description that is given to the original digital content that is important.
Certain digital products are upgraded over time. The digital content must continue to match the description but it can contain additional or enhanced features that are not part of that description.
Certain specific information about the main characteristics, functionality and compatibility of digital products must be given to consumers before they buy. Where information needs to be provided it is to be treated as a term of the contract and effectively becomes part of the product description. Please see 'Pre-contractual information' below for more information.
Back to topHow 'free' digital content is dealt with
All of the statutory rights for the supply or intended supply of digital content apply only if the consumer has to pay a monetary price as part of the contract.
Payment may be directly made using money or indirectly by means of some other facility for which money has been paid - for example, a gift voucher, a token or virtual money in a game. Digital content can be sold as an item requiring a single payment or by means of an ongoing subscription allowing access to the digital content over a period of time.
If digital content is given away (for example, free computer system software) the statutory rights do not apply. This does not mean that the trader is not liable if the digital content causes damage; please see 'Liabilities for digital content given away' below.
Some digital content may be described as 'free' but the way it is supplied means that the statutory rights will still apply to it. This is to cover situations where, for example, a £500 computer is supplied that contains free anti-virus software of poor quality.
Digital content is not 'free', and is part of the contract, in the following circumstances:
- a trader supplies digital content to a consumer and both of the following conditions are met:
- the free digital content is supplied with goods or services or other digital content for which the consumer pays a price
- the free digital content is not generally available to consumers unless they have paid a price for it, or for goods or services or other digital content
In the example given regarding the £500 computer with free anti-virus software included, the software (digital content) is supplied with the computer (goods). To obtain the software separately you would generally have to either buy it or buy other goods or services or other software with which it came 'free'. For the purposes of the Act it is supplied as part of a contract costing £500.
Back to topModifications and updates
If the original contract for the supply of digital content allows the trader or a third party to modify that content (for example, software upgrades, fixing minor glitches, etc) then the contract's terms regarding quality, fitness for a particular purpose and description apply equally to the modified digital content as they did to that supplied after the original contract.
It is important to note that any claim as to statutory requirements not being met (for example, an upgrade that was not of satisfactory quality) would be treated as having occurred at the date of the original contract for supply and not the modification date. The importance of this is in relation to the six-year time limit that applies for breach of contract claims to be made (see 'Time limits for court action' below).
Back to topThe meaning of 'right to supply'
For most digital content a consumer and trader do not own the product fully. The intellectual property rights in the digital content remain with the originator of the product, or someone else who has bought some or all of those rights. Therefore if you are a trader that does not have permission from the intellectual property rights owner you do not have the 'right to supply' it. The Act creates a contract term that where digital content is supplied under a contract, and the consumer pays for it, it is as if the trader did have the 'right to supply' it, even if they do not.
There are severe criminal and civil sanctions for the breach of intellectual property rights so you should ensure that you do have the right to supply each particular piece of digital content before you do so. For more information please see 'Intellectual property'.
Back to topUnfair contract terms
The Consumer Rights Act 2015 also covers the use of unfair terms in consumer contracts. For more information please see 'Unfair contract terms'.
In addition, any attempt to mislead the consumer about their rights is an offence under the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008. See 'Consumer protection from unfair trading' for more information about these Regulations, which cover traders' duties towards consumers in general.
Back to topRemedy for breach
Depending on the nature of the problem the minimum remedies are, initially, the right to repair or replacement, and secondly, the right to a price reduction.
Repair or replacement
This is the consumer's first step; if they decide that they want the quality defect remedied by means of a repair or replacement the trader must:
- do so within a reasonable time and without significant inconvenience to the consumer
- bear any necessary costs incurred in doing so, including, in particular, the cost of any labour, materials or postage
However, the consumer does not have the right to remedy a quality defect by means of repair or replacement if it is either:
- impossible to do so
or - disproportionate compared to another available remedy
For example, a consumer downloads a film on to their device, which has no sound, and the trader agrees that they are responsible for the quality defect. For the consumer to request a repair to the digital content on their device it would be disproportionate compared to the trader providing a replacement download to resolve the problem.
The nature of the digital content and the purpose for which it was obtained or accessed by the consumer determines what is a 'reasonable time' and 'significant inconvenience'.
If a consumer has requested or agreed to a repair then they cannot request a replacement until a reasonable time has been given for the repair to be carried out, as long as significant inconvenience is not caused. The same logic applies if the consumer has requested or agreed to a replacement and then requests a repair.
If the consumer shows that the digital content is defective within six months of its supply, it is to be taken as being defective on the day it was supplied. This will not be the case if the trader can prove otherwise or this assumption is inconsistent with the circumstances - for example, if a new computer program works well for four months but ceases to work when another, different program, from a different supplier, is downloaded on to the computer.
Price reduction
The ability for a consumer to have the right to require a price reduction is only triggered if either:
- the remedies of repair and replacement are not possible
or - the remedy for either repair or replacement has been requested by the consumer but this has not been carried out within a reasonable time and without significant inconvenience to them
Where the right to a price reduction is triggered then this must be refunded without undue delay, and in any event within 14 days of the trader agreeing that the consumer is entitled to a refund.
The remedy must be an appropriate reduction in price and may be the full cost of the digital content in appropriate circumstances. If only part of the full price has been paid by the consumer then the refund would be any money already paid above the reduced price.
Other remedies a consumer can take
Provided the consumer is not claiming twice for the same loss, they can take any of the following remedies in addition to, or instead of, the remedies for breach of satisfactory quality, fitness for purpose, description, pre-contractual disclosures and the right to supply:
- claim for damages
- receive a refund of money paid if they have not received the product
- seek to force the trader to fulfil the contract
- not pay for the product
However, a consumer is not able to treat a contract as ended purely on the basis of a breach of the satisfactory quality, fitness for purpose, description, pre-contractual disclosures or the right to supply terms in a contract.
In most cases the consumer is entitled to a full refund of all money paid for the digital content where there is a failure of the 'right to supply'. The requirements for this refund are the same as those for when a price reduction is triggered as detailed above.
The only exception to the above full-refund remedy is if the failure of the right to supply only affects some of the digital content purchased. For example, a consumer purchases access to 'streamed music' and the trader loses the right to supply music from a particular record label. The consumer would only be entitled to a refund proportionate to the amount of music that record label made up of the whole volume of streamed music originally provided.
Back to topTime limits for court action
Consumers can expect products, including products with digital content, not to fail prematurely, even if the reasonable life expectancy of those products is several years. However, there is a time limit that eventually prevents consumers from making a claim through the courts.
A consumer cannot normally bring a claim to court more than six years after the breach of contract (usually the date of delivery in a contract for the sale of products).
This does not mean all products have to last this length of time, but this is the time limit that the law gives a consumer to take legal action.
Back to topLiabilities for digital content given away
There has always been liability for digital content that is either given away or paid for if that digital content causes damage because of negligence.
That option still exists if a consumer wishes to use it. For example, a free mobile phone app containing a virus that damages the consumer's phone can lead to a claim of negligence against the trader that supplied the app.
However, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 enables a consumer to be able to rely directly on the remedies provided by it for faulty or damaging 'free' digital content without having to rely on civil law precedents. The consumer is able to do this if the digital content causing damage has been supplied under a contract where the consumer has to pay for other goods or digital content to get the 'free' item. For example, a computer magazine that comes with free anti-virus software; or where the digital content has been 'bought' by agreeing to act in a particular way, such as filling in a questionnaire or survey or providing personal data.
Back to topDamage caused to devices or other digital content
Where digital content is supplied, the consumer is entitled to certain remedies when all of the following apply:- the digital content causes damage to a device or to other digital content
- the device or digital content that is damaged belongs to the consumer
- the damage is of a kind that would not have occurred if the trader had exercised reasonable care and skill
If all of the above apply, the trader must offer, and the consumer can request, either of the following remedies:
- repair of the damage, which must be done within a reasonable time, without significant inconvenience and without cost to the consumer
or - payment of compensation, which must be given without undue delay, and in any event within 14 days of the trader agreeing to pay the compensation. The trader cannot charge the consumer a fee for this
If it is necessary, the Act gives the consumer the ability to take civil action to enforce these rights on the trader (in other words, take them to court).
Back to topPre-contractual information
The Act provides a term in every contract for digital content that the pre-contractual information required by the Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013 (CCRs) to be provided to consumers is binding. If information about the main characteristics, functionality and compatibility of the digital content is incorrect, the consumer can seek a repair, replacement or price reduction. For incorrect information that has been provided about any other matter that has to be disclosed under the CCRs, the consumer has the right to recover any costs that they have incurred as a result of the breach.
For more details of the information that must be given see:
- 'Consumer contracts: distance sales'
- 'Consumer contracts: off-premises sales'
- 'Consumer contracts: on-premises sales'
The costs that can be recovered are the sterling value of the price paid for the digital content, regardless of whether it was paid in real money or some payment facility for which money has been paid - for example, a token, virtual jewels, etc within a video game. The refund must be in real money.
Back to topAccess to transmission facilities
Some contracts to supply digital content to a consumer involve the use of a processing facility, which allows the trader to receive digital content from the consumer and to transmit digital content to the consumer. Two popular examples of this are where music streaming facilities are accessed on the cloud and where 'massively multiplayer online games' (MMOs) are played. In such contracts, if the contract does not indicate how long the consumer can access the processing facility - for example, for a month or a year - it is implied into the contract that the consumer can access it for a reasonable time. What is a reasonable time will depend upon such factors as what the processing facility is being used for, how much has been paid, etc).
Back to topConsumer rights summary
To help businesses and consumers understand their rights and responsibilities, the Government worked closely with business and consumer groups to develop a plain English summary of the key elements of the Act. This 'consumer rights summary' is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to consumer rights, but rather a general overview of the key consumer rights, focusing on the most common issues.
There is no legal requirement for you to display this information, but it could help you make things clearer for your customers and staff. The design of the information sheet is a basic layout and you may want to tailor it according to your business needs - for example, by offering a returns policy that builds on the statutory requirements, or adding examples from your own business (perhaps replacing the words 'digital content' with something that you sell). The words are legally correct and outline your customers' rights, so we suggest tailoring and adding to these words, rather than deleting or altering the wording provided.
The summary is attached below in both PDF and Word formats, the latter to enable you to create your own version more easily:
Consumer rights summary: digital content (PDF)
Consumer rights summary: digital content (Word)
Selling goods
If your business also sells goods please see 'Selling and supplying goods'.
Back to topSupplying services
If your business also supplies services please see 'Supplying services'.
Back to topSelling digital content together with goods / services: mixed contracts
For the vast majority of retail transactions on the high street the digital content that is supplied is included with goods that can be physically handled - for example a car, washing machine, music CD, etc. The goods and digital content are mixed together as a 'mixed contract'.
Where this is the case the test to be applied is whether the digital content fails to meet the statutory rights that apply to digital content as detailed above.
If the digital content does not meet the quality requirements then the goods and digital content are treated as a whole item that does not conform to the contract. The remedies that the trader should offer, and the consumer can request, then become the remedies that are provided for as if the item were goods. This is an important difference as the remedies for breach of quality requirements in relation to goods include the right to reject, which is not a remedy available for defective digital content alone.
Services may also be involved in the contract and the Consumer Rights Act sets out how the different elements work together. Please see 'Mixed contracts' for more information.
Back to topFurther information
The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (a predecessor of the Department for Business and Trade) produced detailed guidance to help businesses understand the implications of the Act: Consumer Rights Act: Digital Content - Guidance for Business.
Back to topTrading Standards
For more information on the work of Trading Standards services - and the possible consequences of not abiding by the law - please see 'Trading Standards: powers, enforcement and penalties'.
Back to topIn this update
No major changes.
Last reviewed / updated: April 2023
Back to topKey legislation
Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013
Please note
This information is intended for guidance; only the courts can give an authoritative interpretation of the law.
The guide's 'Key legislation' links often only shows the original version of the legislation, although some amending legislation is linked to separately where it is directly related to the content of a guide. Information on changes to legislation can be found by following the above links and clicking on the 'More Resources' tab.


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Do-Nut Care! Sailor Bow
J'em & Co. bows are THE most essential accessories for your pup and cat! We have perfected our bow ties with the best quality, durability and designs!
All bows have two vertical discreet elastic bands in the back for easy "slip-on" attachment to your pup's or kitty's collar!
Handcrafted in Canada with love and care. All of our products are handmade so they may vary slightly. This includes the colors, pattern placement, design, shape and size.
Bow Tie Size Chart
Our bow ties have two vertical discreet elastic bands in the back for easy "slip-on" attachment to your pup's or kitty's collar!
S | 4.5" W x 2.5" H | for small dogs and cats |
L | 5.5" W x 3.5" H | for large dogs |
All bow ties sizes are the same price
All orders of bow ties will be shipped as a parcel. Shipping fee is calculated at checkout.
Material & Care Instruction
Fabric: 100% cotton fabric
Spot clean with water, do not use washer or dryer.
Bow ties are not toys. While accessories are fun and stylish, never leave your pet alone while wearing them. To ensure these are suitable for your pup or cat, please check for wear and tear regularly. Our bow ties contain small components that may be choking hazards if swallowed.


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– The Radiation Warnings You Won't Get from the Mainstream Propaganda Machine (SHFT Plan, April 2, 2012):
The mainstream media and the federal government will soon have the blood of the world on it's hands.
Radiation from the Fukushima Nuclear Plant disaster in Japan is now actively in the ecosystem all along the North American west coast… even the sea weed is now radiated. The Vancouver Sun reported one year ago that the seaweed tested from waters off the coast of British Columbia were 4 times the amount considered safe. No further test results were released after the initial report.
The governments of the United States and Canada are not conducting tests for radioactivity – at least not to the knowledge of the public. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has agreed to continue purchasing seafood from Japan, despite the fact that the food is not being tested for radioactive contamination. Last November, independent testing in Japan showed 65 per cent of the catches tested positive for cesium (a radioactive material). Instead of refusing to purchase the poisoned fish, food safety agencies in both the United States and Canada have simply raised the "acceptable level of radiation." We can't go offending the Japanese after promising to buy their tainted goods, now can we?
After the North American governments refused to fund testing, oceanographer Ken Buesseler, a senior scientist at the non-profit Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Woods Hole, Mass, along with Nicholas Fisher, a marine sciences professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and other concerned scientists, managed to secure private funding for a Pacific research voyage. The results?
Cesium levels in the Pacific had initially gone up an astonishing 45 million times above pre-accident levels. The levels then declined rapidly for a while, but after that, they unexpectedly levelled off.
In July, cesium levels stopped declining and remained stuck at 10,000 times above pre-accident levels.
This means the ocean isn't diluting the radiation as expected. If it had been, cesium levels would have kept falling.
The finding suggests that radiation is still being released into the ocean long after the accident in March, 2011.
Less than two weeks after the tsunami and subsequent nuclear disaster, Michael Kane, an investigative journalist, reported, "In the wake of the continuing nuclear tragedy in Japan, the United States government is still moving quickly to increase the amounts of radiation the population can "safely" absorb by raising the safe zone for exposure to levels designed to protect the government and nuclear industry more than human life."
The radiation has absolutely reached the shores of North America. Water samples from across the continent have tested positive for unsafe levels of radioactivity. The levels exceeded federal drinking water thresholds, known as maximum contaminant levels, or MCL, by as much as 181 times."This means that the complete ecosystem of the Pacific Ocean is now poisoned with radiation and we aren't being warned.
Samples of milk taken across the United States have shown radiation at levels 2000 percent higher than EPA maximums. The reason that milk is so significant is that it it representative of the entire food supply. According to an article published on Natural News, "Cows consume grass and are exposed to the same elements as food crops and water supplies. In other words, when cows' milk starts testing positive for high levels of radioactive elements, this is indicative of radioactive contamination of the entire food supply."
The GMO Food and Drug Pushers Administration and the EnvironmentalDeception Protection Agency, instead of refusing to prohibit the sale of tainted foods and mandatory testing of foods produced and harvested from the Pacific Coast, have simply raised the "acceptable levels" of radioactive material in foods.
Clearly, the "it's-all-for-your-own-good" government will not protect us, or even inform us of the dangers so we can protect ourselves, because it might dip into the pockets of the global elite, the nuclear energy industry, and the food industries. There is big money behind this cover-up. Refusing to purchase and consume their tainted goods is the best way to fight back, while keeping our families safe and healthy.
How can we protect ourselves? First, be aware of what items are likely to be highly tainted.
1.) SEAFOOD: Question the origin of ALL seafood. Fish and crustaceans from the Pacific Ocean should all be considered to be poisoned with radiation.
2.) WATER: The rainfall and snowfall are all radiated. Do not drink any water that has not been filtered. The tap water that flows from your faucet has NOT been treated to rid it of radioactive particles. A recent report from the NY Times stated, "A rooftop water monitoring program managed by UC Berkeley's Department of Nuclear Engineering detected substantial spikes in rain-borne iodine-131 during torrential downpours …
3.) DAIRY PRODUCTS: Milk and milk products from the West Coast states currently have the highest levels of radiation in North America.
4.) PRODUCE: Leafy Vegetables, Wines, Tomatoes, Strawberries….all produce from California or any other West Coast State are also likely to be tainted.
5.) MEAT: If a animal eats any leafy vegetable all along the West Coast, that animal has consumed radiation, and is poisoned. This is any animal from cows, pigs, goats, sheep to wild deer and other game.
If you eat the above foods from areas with high radiation levels, you are eating radiation and feeding it to your children. Slowly the radiation levels within your body will build up. This is PERMANENT.
Infant mortality rates across the United States have increased by more than 35% since the nuclear disaster, according to a court statement by Dr. with independent scientist Leuren Moret, MA, PhD. A study published in The International Journal of Medicine indicates that more than 20,000 deaths right here in North America can be directly attributed to the release of radioactive material from Fukushima.
Radioactive isotopes of the type released from Fukushima have a half life of 30,000 years. This means that we must permanently change the way we prepare our food.
- Wash your food with soap and rinse it in filtered water.
- Be aware of the origins of your vegetables, fish, game and seafood.
- Keep abreast of radiation levels to help monitor where your food is acquired.
- Use only filtered water for drinking, cooking and ice.
Check in tomorrow at Inalienably Yours to read more about our increasingly toxic land and the intentional poisoning of the United States.
Fukushima Radiation Spreads Worldwide – Washington Blog
Nuclear Genocide of Babies and Children in Japan, the US and Canada


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Regular price $33.00 Dispatched within 10 working days Dispatched within 10 working days
This stunning bolero comes in both 4 way stretch power mesh and all over stretch lace. Please choose between straight cuff (which can be cut to length, i.e. 3/4 if required) or finger loop. All of our garments are made in Nottingham, England and designed by ourselves. The Belly Stocking™ brand name is your guarantee of quality and authenticity.
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For a 12th time since the Africa Zone VI Golf Championships launched in 2000, the South African team were simply superior and successfully wrapped up their title defence at Lilongwe Golf Club in Malawi.
Showing the same tenacity and commitment that has seen South African win this title 11 times, the eight man squad opened their title defence bid with eight points in the first round singles. The team gathered all four points in their second round foursomes and three out of a possible four in their round three Betterball matches.
Teeing off in the fourth and final round, South Africa held an almost unassailable lead on 15 points with Tanzania a distant second on nine and a half points and Namibiat hird on nine points.
It would have taken a mammoth effort from the challengers to close the gap, but the South Africans refused to even give an inch in the final round Singles.
They delivered a powerful message when they closed out their title defence with seven comprehensive victories and a hard-fought for halve from Zander Lombard over Willy Kitata from Uganda.
Southern Cape's Shaun Smith was the team's lead henchman with an 8&6 win over Texon Banda fromMalawi, while Drikus Bruyns from Boland came a close second when he sent Samuel Languene from Mozambique packing with a 6&4 result.
Western Province's JP Strydom beat Uganda's Patrick Mugisha 5&4, while Limpopo's CJ du Plessis, the only hold-over from the 2011 victorious SA side, cleaned up against Zimbabwe's Denmark Mulambo with a 5&4 result.
Debutants Muzi Nethunzwi from Soweto and Gert Myburgh from Ekurhuleni both closed out for victories, with Nethunzwi knocking out Ridwan Purdassy from Mauritius 2&1 while Myburgh won his match against Michael Makala from Tanzania 4&2.
Reigning SA Stroke Play champion Haydn Porteous completed the run for South Africa with a 4&3 victory over Roux Jeffrey from Namibia.
South Africa lifted the trophy for a second successive year and a record 12th time with a total score of 22½ points. Namibia took second place on 15 points, while Kenya- the only other winners of the championship in 2010 – snuck into third place on 13½ points. The host nation finished in fourth on 13 points, edging out Zimbabwe on a count-out.
"Defending a title is always special, but this year it really feels like some kind of an achievement as we managed to win with a seven and a half point margin," said South African Golf Association president, Colin Burger.
"I am incredibly proud of the team. The players put a lot of work into their preparations for this championship. Each player delivered their best effort and the team played well as a unit. I believe the experience gained in playing against some of the best players from countries around Africa will be invaluable, especially to our two debutants, Muzi and Gert.
"We became a very strong side as the championship progressed and created some wonderful memories to build on in the future."
1 South Africa 22.5 points
2 Namibia 15 points
3 Kenya 13.5 points
4 Malawi 13 points
5 Zimbabwe 13 points
6 Uganda 12.5 points
7 Tanzania 11 points
8 Zambia 8.5 points
9 Mozambique 6.5
10 Mauritius 4.5 points
SHAUN SMITH Beat BEN FOLLET-SMITH (ZM) 5 and 3
SMITH / PORTEOUS Beat KROG / CHIBVURI (ZM) 4 and 2
PORTEOUS / SMITH Lost To JEFFERY / HUYSAMEN (NM) 1 up
SHAUN SMITH Beat TEXON BANDA (ML) 8 and 6


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Related links:
International Space Station Update
News story originally written on May 26, 1998
The building of the International Space Station (ISS) has been delayed. Russia hasn't been able to finish the service module for the station. Apparently, Russia needs to come up with $70 million so that construction can start.As things stand now, construction is likely to be postponed until November of 1998 (one year later than planned). A Russian rocket would transport the control chamber from Kazakstan on November 20. The Space shuttle Endeavour would then follow on December 3 with the second component, a connecting passageway named Unity. The third piece, the Russian service module, is supposed to be completed in time for a spring 1999 launch. NASA is still hoping that a crew will be on board by next summer.
The ISS construction will take place over the span of at least five years. Sixteen countries are participating with an expected total contribution into the tens of billions of dollars!


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Privacy Policy
Personal Information
This privacy policy applies to https://healthwatchwirral.co.uk and its mobile site, owned and operated by Healthwatch Wirral (collectively: "We", "Us", and "Our"). This privacy policy describes how Healthwatch Wirral collects and uses the personal information you provide on our website https://healthwatchwirral.co.uk. It also describes the choices available to you regarding our use of your personal information and how you can access and update this information.
You can view all of the content on our site without providing personal information. However, if you seek additional information by using one of our contact forms, personal information will be requested, including your name, email address and phone number. The information you submit via our request form is then shared only with the team at Healthwatch Wirral. Healthwatch Wirral does not share, sell, rent, or trade your personal information with third parties for their promotional purposes, unless authorized by you. We will share your personal information with third parties only in the ways that are described in this privacy policy.
We may provide your personal information to companies that provide services to help us with our activities such as offering support and advice. These companies are authorized to use your personal information only as necessary to provide these services to us.
Testimonials and Case Studies
Within our monthly monitoring we post case studies and upload to our website. These case studies never contain personal information.
Cookies and Other Tracking Technologies
Technologies such as: cookies, beacons, tags and scripts are used by Healthwatch Wirral and our partners e.g. marketing partners, affiliates, or analytics or service providers e.g. customer experience optimization provider, etc. These technologies are used in analysing trends, administering the site, tracking users' movements around the site and to gather demographic information about our user base as a whole. We may receive reports based on the use of these technologies by these companies on an individual as well as aggregated basis. We use cookies to store your information so you don't have to enter it more than once if you so choose. Users can control the use of cookies at the individual browser level. If you reject cookies, you may still use our site, but your ability to use some features or areas of our site may be limited.
Analytics / Log Files
As is true of most websites, we gather certain information automatically and store it in log files. This information includes internet protocol (IP) addresses, browser type, internet service provider (ISP), referring/exit pages, operating system, date/time stamp, and clickstream data. We do not link this automatically-collected data to personal information.
You will be added to our newsletter mailing list only if you register to receive it. We do not share your name or e-mail address with other companies. If you wish to unsubscribe from our newsletter, you may opt out by clicking on the "Unsubscribe" link in any of the email newsletters.
User Access and Choice
If your personal information changes, or if you no longer desire our service, you may correct, update or delete it by emailing us at [email protected] or by postal mail at the contact information listed below and we will respond to your request within a reasonable timeframe. We will retain your information for as long as your case is active or as needed to provide you services. We will retain and use your information as necessary to comply with our legal obligations, resolve disputes, and enforce our agreements.
Children's Privacy
We do not knowingly collect any information from individuals under the age of 18. If we are made aware of information collected from an individual under the age of 18, we will remove their information from our system as soon as possible.
Links to Other Sites
We provide links to other companies and services from our site. Once you leave our site and enter another site, you are subject to their privacy policies. If you submit personal information to any of those sites, your information is governed by their privacy policies. You should carefully review the company's privacy policy before using that site.
Other Organisations and Services
To enable you to have greater choice, our directory of services includes organisations across Wirral that provide health and care support. Please be aware Healthwatch Wirral are not legally permitted to recommend any service and that some of those services listed may incur a charge.
Legal Disclaimer
We reserve the right to disclose your personal information as required by law and when we believe that disclosure is necessary to protect our rights and/or to comply with a judicial proceeding, court order, or legal process served on our website. If Healthwatch Wirral is involved in a merger, acquisition, or sale of all or a portion of its assets, you will be notified via email and/or a prominent notice on our website of any change in ownership or uses of your personal information, as well as any choices you may have regarding your personal information.
Security Measures
We use a variety of security technologies and procedures to help protect your personal information from unauthorized access, use or disclosure. While no data transfer can be completely secure, we will make reasonable efforts to secure all data that is transferred, stored or processed. We recommend that you take every precaution to protect your personal information when you are on the internet. For example, use a secure browser, change your passwords often, and select a strong password by choosing a combination of numbers, letters and characters. The security of your personal information is important to us. We follow generally accepted standards to protect the personal information submitted to us, both during transmission and once it is received. If you have any questions about the security of your personal information, you can contact us.
Healthwatch Wirral reserves the right to make material changes to its Privacy Policy. These changes will be posted prominently to our privacy policy, the home page, and other places we deem appropriate.
Healthwatch Wirral, Liscard Business Centre, The Old School, 188 Liscard Road, Liscard, CH44 5TN
0151 230 8957


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Blue Heavy Duty Free Standing Metal Hose Reel. Item coming in FLAT PACK SELF ASSEMBLY. Ireland, Highlands, British Isles and other remote areas. Please ensure you have read and agree to the following policy before placing your order.
All stocked items packed and dispatched daily if orders are placed before 1pm. Orders placed after 1pm may not be despatched that day but we always do our best.We cannot be held responsible for delays due to issues beyond our control such as adverse weather, missorting, etc. We try to ensure that items shown on the website are in stock and available for immediate dispatch, but sometimes it is not possible. If you are not prepared to accept the goods in the condition they arrive, then please sign for as damaged and do not accept - send them back with the same driver if possible.
Customers are responsible for checking consignments for damage or missing parts, PRIOR to ACCEPTING and SIGNING from courier. Any errors on an order must be reported within 7 days.
All goods are new unless stated otherwise. If a spare part was ordered, it is your responsibility to fit or assemble, If not sure how, you should seek a proffessional help. Please make sure you have a certificate of posting when you are returning an item so you can proof that item is dispatched and you have a cover for it.
BAYERSAN UK LTD (FULLCLEANCENTRE) is one of the few one stop Window cleaning, and Janitorial products supply company. We are based in Sutton, Surrey within M25.
Easy reach from London or A3. We are in business since 2007, specialized in Water Fed Pole products, Traditional Window Cleaning Products and Janitorial Supplies. We sell Bayersan, Streamline, Ettore, Pulex, Moerman, Craftex, Greyland, Phoenix and Evolution and other brands.
We at FULLCLEANCENTRE take our feedback and customer service very seriously. This item is in the category "Home, Furniture & DIY\Household & Laundry Supplies\Cleaning Tools\Squeegees & Window Cleaning". The seller is "bayersanukltd" and is located in this country: GB.
This item can be shipped to United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Italy, Spain, France.


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After many delays in launching the first Soyuz due to design complications, equipment deliveries, the learning curve for testing new designs, unreasonable launch dates, persecution from the communist party, and the death of Chief Designer Korolev. The first unmanned test flight is nearing launch. Two Soyuz 7k-OK's have made it through testing. Both Soyuz have been attached to their carrier rocket and are nearly ready to launch. The plan is to launch both vehicles 24 hours apart in order to perform a rendezvous.


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Communication and language
Communication and language development involves giving children opportunities to experience a rich language environment; to develop their confidence and skills in expressing themselves; and to speak and listen in a range of situations.
Physical development involves providing opportunities for young children to be active and interactive; and to develop their co-ordination, control and movement. Children must also be helped to understand the importance of physical activity and to make healthy choices in relation to food.
Personal, social and emotional
Personal, social and emotional development involves helping children to develop a positive sense of themselves and others; to form positive relationships and develop respect for others; to develop social skill and learn how to manage their feelings; to understand appropriate behaviour in groups and to have confidence in their own abilities.
Literacy development involves encouraging children to link sounds and letters and to begin to read and write. Children must be given access to a wide range of reading materials (books, poems and other written materials) to ignite their interest.
Mathematics involves providing children with opportunities to develop and improve their skills in counting, understanding and using numbers, calculating simple addition and subtraction problems; and to describe shapes, spaces and measures.
Understanding the world
Understanding the world involves guiding children to make sense of their physical world and their community through opportunities to explore, observe and find out about people, places, technology and the environment.
Expressive arts and design
Expressive arts and design involves enabling children to explore and play with a wide range of media and materials, as well as providing opportunities and encouragement for sharing their thoughts, ideas and feelings through a variety of activities in art, music, movement, dance, role-play and design and technology.


text: Members: Easy Freezer Monte Cristo Sandwiches Classic 30 Day Gourmet Recipes, Member Recipes, Recipes, Soups & Sandwiches Jan 012004 This content is password protected. To view it please enter your password below: Password: Carol Santee Carol is the co-author of the Big Book of Freezer Cooking and the author of 30 Day Gourmet's Slow Cooker Freezer Favorites, Freezer Lunches To Go and Healthy Freezer Cooking eBooks. She is a computer information specialist and works for a computer software company. This post is password protected. Enter the password to view comments.


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A cure for cancer? Israeli scientists may have found one
A small team of Israeli scientists think they might have found the first complete cure for cancer. "We believe we will offer in a year's time a complete cure for cancer," said Dan Aridor, of a new treatment being developed by his company, Accelerated Evolution Biotechnologies Ltd. (AEBi), which was founded in 2000 in the ITEK incubator. AEBi developed the SoAP platform, which provides functional leads to very difficult targets
A small team of Israeli scientists think they might have found the first complete cure for cancer.
"We believe we will offer in a year's time a complete cure for cancer," said Dan Aridor, of a new treatment being developed by his company, Accelerated Evolution Biotechnologies Ltd. (AEBi), which was founded in 2000 in the ITEK incubator. AEBi developed the SoAP platform, which provides functional leads to very difficult targets.
"Our cancer cure will be effective from day one, will last a duration of a few weeks and will have no or minimal side-effects at a much lower cost than most other treatments on the market," Aridor said. "Our solution will be both generic and personal."
It sounds fantastical, especially considering that an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide each year, according to reports by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Further, every sixth death in the world is due to cancer, making it the second leading cause of death (second only to cardiovascular disease).
Aridor, chairman of the board of AEBi and CEO Dr. Ilan Morad, say their treatment, which they call MuTaTo (multi-target toxin) is essentially on the scale of a cancer antibiotic – a disruption technology of the highest order.
The potentially game-changing anti-cancer drug is based on SoAP technology, which belongs to the phage display group of technologies. It involves the introduction of DNA coding for a protein, such as an antibody, into a bacteriophage – a virus that infects bacteria. That protein is then displayed on the surface of the phage. Researchers can use these protein-displaying phages to screen for interactions with other proteins, DNA sequences and small molecules.
In 2018, a team of scientists won the Nobel Prize for their work on phage display in the directed evolution of new proteins – in particular, for the production of antibody therapeutics.
AEBi is doing something similar but with peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids linked in a chain. According to Morad, peptides have several advantages over antibodies, including that they are smaller, cheaper, and easier to produce and regulate.
When the company first started, Morad said, "We were doing what everyone else was doing, trying to discover individual novel peptides for specific cancers." But shortly thereafter, Morad and his colleague, Dr. Hanan Itzhaki, decided they wanted to do something bigger.
To get started, Morad said they had to identify why other cancer-killing drugs and treatments don't work or eventually fail. Then, they found a way to counter that effect.
For starters, most anti-cancer drugs attack a specific target on or in the cancer cell, he explained. Inhibiting the target usually affects a physiological pathway that promotes cancer. Mutations in the targets – or downstream in their physiological pathways – could make the targets not relevant to the cancer nature of the cell, and hence the drug attacking it is rendered ineffective.
In contrast, MuTaTo is using a combination of several cancer-targeting peptides for each cancer cell at the same time, combined with a strong peptide toxin that would kill cancer cells specifically. By using at least three targeting peptides on the same structure with a strong toxin, Morad said, "we made sure that the treatment will not be affected by mutations; cancer cells can mutate in such a way that targeted receptors are dropped by the cancer."
"The probability of having multiple mutations that would modify all targeted receptors simultaneously decreases dramatically with the number of targets used," Morad continued. "Instead of attacking receptors one at a time, we attack receptors three at a time – not even cancer can mutate three receptors at the same time."
Furthermore, many cancer cells activate detoxification mechanisms when in stress from drugs. The cells pump out the drugs or modify them to be non-functional. But Morad said detoxification takes time. When the toxin is strong, it has a high probability of killing the cancer cell before detoxification occurs, which is what he is banking on.
Many cytotoxic anticancer treatments aim at fast-growing cells. But cancer stem cells are not fast growing, and they can escape these treatments. Then, when the treatment is over, they can generate cancer again.
"If it does not completely annihilate the cancer, the remaining cells can start to get mutations again, and then the cancer comes back, but this time it is drug resistant," Morad said.
He explained that because cancer cells are born out of mutations that occur in cancer stem cells, most of the overexpressed proteins which are targeted on the cancer cell exist in the cancer stem cells. MuTaTo's multiple-target attack ensures that they will be destroyed as well.
Finally, some cancer tumors erect shields which create access problems to large molecules, such as antibodies. MuTaTo acts like an octopus or a piece of spaghetti and can sneak into places where other large molecules cannot reach. Morad said the peptide parts of MuTaTo are very small (12 amino acids long) and lack a rigid structure.
"This should make the whole molecule non-immunogenic in most cases and would enable repeated administration of the drug," he said.
Morad said their discovery could also reduce the sickening side-effects of most cancer treatments, which stem from drug treatments interacting with the wrong or additional targets, or the correct targets but on non-cancerous cells. He said MuTaTo's having a combination of several highly specific cancer-targeting peptides on one scaffold for each type of cancer cell would increase the specificity to the cancer cell due to the avidity effect. In addition, in most cases, the non-cancer cells that have a protein in common with the cancer cells do not overexpress it.
"This makes a great difference between the two kinds of cells and should decrease the side effects dramatically," Morad said.
He equated the concept of MuTaTo to the triple drug cocktail that has helped change AIDS from being an automatic death sentence to a chronic – but often manageable – disease.
Today, AIDS patients take protease inhibitors in combination with two other drugs called reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The drug combination disrupts HIV at different stages in its replication, restrains an enzyme crucial to an early stage of HIV duplication and holds back another enzyme that functions near the end of the HIV replication process.
"We used to give AIDS patients several drugs, but we would administer them one at a time," Morad explained. "During the course of treatment, the virus mutated, and the AIDS started attacking again. Only when patients started using a cocktail, were they able to stop the disease."
Now, he said, people with AIDS are HIV carriers, but they are not sick anymore.
The MuTaTo cancer treatment will eventually be personalized. Each patient will provide a piece of his biopsy to the lab, which would then analyze it to know which receptors are overexpressed. The individual would then be administered exactly the molecule cocktail needed to cure his disease.
However, unlike in the case of AIDS, where patients must take the cocktail throughout their lives, in the case of MuTaTo, the cells would be killed, and the patient could likely stop treatment after only a few weeks.
The company is now writing patents on specific peptides, which will be a large bank of targeting toxin peptides wholly owned and hard to break, said Aridor.
Morad said that so far, the company has concluded its first exploratory mice experiment, which inhibited human cancer cell growth and had no effect at all on healthy mice cells, in addition to several in-vitro trials. AEBi is on the cusp of beginning a round of clinical trials which could be completed within a few years and would make the treatment available in specific cases.
Aridor added: "Our results are consistent and repeatable."


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a question of worth
Certain Proof: A Question of Worth is a feature documentary about three children living with significant communication and physical disabilities, who struggle against the public schools in an emotional battle to prove their worth.
Over the course of two and a half years, "Certain Proof" follows the lives of Kay, Josh and Colin, three children with cerebral palsy. Despite multiple disabilities, they fight to prove that they are able to learn and deserve to be taught. Colin finds "No Child Left Behind" has exceptions; Kay combats harsh stereotypes inside middle school; and Josh faces continual doubt that he can learn at all. They and their families dare to hope in a striking testament to the complexity of the human spirit.