text:
Jeff Toobin on Citizens United (slightly expanded)
on May 14, 2012 at 9:30 pm
Out today from The New Yorker is a must-read excerpt from Jeff Toobin's forthcoming (in September) book The Oath: The Obama White House vs. The Supreme Court. The excerpt recounts insider details about the process by which the Court decided the Citizens United campaign finance case.
The theme of the piece is that Chief Justice Roberts orchestrated the case's metamorphosis from a narrow ruling about statutory construction to a much broader constitutional decision with sweeping implications for campaign finance.
I should disclose that I am naturally inclined towards that reading of the history. I think that the Chief Justice is quite conservative and a brilliant tactician, including in undoing significant pieces of the legacy of the Court's O'Connor era. I also disagree with the Citizens United decision.
But despite that, while the article is a fascinating and full accounting of the case and the background of the Court's rapid movement to the right, the facts reported by Toobin don't seem to support his conclusions about the Chief Justice.
By way of brief background for readers who have forgotten it, in Citizens United the Court originally agreed to decide whether a particular "movie" critical of Hillary Clinton was subject to campaign finance regulation. But the Court subsequently ordered reargument on the question whether the relevant restriction on corporate expenditures in elections violated the First Amendment. By a vote of five to four, it then invalidated the statute, holding that corporations and unions have a First Amendment right to engage in independent campaign expenditures.
Toobin reports the following behind-the-scenes details as they relate to the Chief Justice:
After the first argument on the statutory question, "Roberts assigned the opinion to himself," and "did write an opinion roughly along [the] lines" of holding that the movie was not covered by the statute.
By contrast, Justice "Kennedy wrote a concurrence which said the Court should have gone much further" to rule for Citizens United on broad constitutional grounds.
"But after the Roberts and Kennedy drafts circulated, the conservative Justices began rallying to Kennedy's more expansive resolution of the case," leading Roberts to "withdr[a]w his opinion and let Kennedy write for the majority."
After strident protests from the more liberal Justices that the Court was deciding a major constitutional question without briefing or argument, Roberts "agree[d] to withdraw Kennedy's draft majority opinion and put Citizens United down for reargument" on the constitutional issue.
After the second argument, "Roberts assigned the opinion in Citizens United to Anthony Kennedy."
From those facts, Toobin reasons that, "[e]ven without writing the opinion, Roberts, more than anyone, shaped what the Court did." Reargument, he says, was "a strategically ingenious maneuver"; giving Kennedy the opinion after reargument "was another brilliant strategic move." Because corporations favor Republican candidates, Toobin concludes: "So, as the Chief Justice chose how broadly to change the law in this area, the real question for him, it seems, was how much he wanted to help the Republican Party. Roberts's choice was: a lot."
That does not seem to follow. Take the results of the first argument. The Court's five conservatives agreed that Citizens United should prevail, but divided on whether to resolve the case on narrow statutory or broad constitutional grounds. The Chief Justice both voted for the former and assigned the opinion to himself to try and control the reasoning. That is the opposite of the narrative in which he is attempting to produce the broader result.
But the Chief Justice lost his majority to Kennedy's broader constitutional opinion. That happens. While Toobin calls the draft Kennedy opinion a "majority," he does not report that the entire majority switched to Kennedy's opinion. It appears that Kennedy may have had only a plurality. The conservatives have repeatedly divided on how quickly to move the law to the right, and the Chief Justice has been one to favor moving more slowly – recall Justice Scalia's biting criticism of "faux judicial modesty."
In response to Justice Souter's criticism that the Court should not be deciding the constitutional question without briefing and argument, the Court set the case for reargument. While Toobin describes Roberts as having made that decision alone, I don't believe that is possible: the Chief Justice does not have that power. But in any event, even if he did, that decision does not seem like an effort to decide Citizens United as broadly as possible as quickly as possible.
After the reargument, the Chief Justice assigned the majority to Kennedy. That was not much of a tactical move – given the case's history, it was the only realistic possibility. The conservatives had voted to decide the case on the broader constitutional ground. Kennedy had already written an opinion deciding the case on that basis that had the support of several members of the majority. It would have been fairly insulting for Roberts to take the assignment away.
The post-Citizens United history also seems to undermine Toobin's take. Soon after Citizens United, in a suit by the RNC, a three-judge district court held that Citizens United did not undermine the Supreme Court's ruling in McConnell that Congress may restrict contributions to political parties. The court said that only Congress or the Supreme Court could revisit that question. When appealed to the Supreme Court, six Justices summarily affirmed, refusing to revisit that aspect of the Court's campaign finance jurisprudence. The Chief Justice was in the majority, with Justice Alito and the Citizens United dissenters; Justices Scalia, Kennedy, and Thomas would have heard argument. If the Chief Justice were actually leading the charge for revisiting campaign finance law, he presumably would not have voted to affirm.
It does seem fair to me to criticize the Chief Justice for voting to decide Citizens United on constitutional grounds. But that is a criticism that is just as applicable to the entire majority, as opposed to an indication of maneuvering by him. It also ignores that the alternative may have been no clear holding whatsoever – with dueling members of the majority articulating inconsistent rationales that left the law in flux.
It is also a criticism that is deeply rooted in a belief that the Citizens United ruling is wrong on the merits, as opposed to an objective view that the Court should never issue broad constitutional rulings when it can avoid them. If you instead agree with the ruling, that criticism seems fairly empty. The majority's view is that the statute imposed a significant restriction on a basic First Amendment right: participating in elections. More broadly, the majority believes that the Court's prior precedents in this important area are fundamentally flawed. It is not surprising that they want to correct those perceived errors — on what everyone agrees is a critical question — as quickly as possible.
Imagine if the shoes are reversed in 2018. Justice Kennedy retires and is replaced by Kamala Harris. The Court hears a case that it could decide on narrow grounds, or it could go further and overrule Citizens United. Will progressives really contend that the new and more liberal majority should leave that decision standing? I don't think so. They will want the Court to get the decision "right." And if the senior Justice in the majority votes that way and assigns the opinion accordingly, I don't think it will be because she is trying to help the Democratic Party as much as possible.
Others may disagree. And in all events, as I mentioned, you must read the article and buy the book. The article is a fascinating read, and it promises much more to come.


text:
Chintpurni Road, Hoshiarpur, Punjab
Find Residential & Commercial Property in Yodha Mall Road Hoshiarpur. Property Advisor Hoshiarpur is providing Hoshiarpur Yodha Mall Road Properties Sell Rent Classifieds database . Contact with us for instant Buy sell Agricultural/Farm Land, Individual Houses / Villas, Commercial Shops, Commercial Lands /Inst. Land, Residential Plot, Factory / Industrial Building, Showrooms, Farm House, Industrial Land / Plot, Office Space, Warehouse/Godown, Business Center.
No properties found.
Locations in Hoshiarpur
Property by City
Hi! Simply click below and type your query.
Our experts will reply you very soon.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Senate has passed a bill that would end the chore of resetting our clocks twice a year. The Sunshine Protection Act would make daylight saving time permanent year-round beginning in the fall of 2023. The bill now goes to the House. Its chances there are unclear. Meanwhile, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine warns that it could harm public health.
Dr. Karin Johnson is an associate professor of neurology at UMass Chan Medical School Baystate and medical director of the Baystate Regional Sleep Medicine Program. She joins us now. Thanks for being with us.
KARIN JOHNSON: Thank you for having me.
SIMON: People don't like switching clocks back and forth. And, you know, the senators that spoke in favor of this bill talked about how it disrupts the sleep cycles of children and darker afternoons. What do you say to all that?
JOHNSON: The majority of people do support ending clock change. Not only do people feel worse, as we're feeling this week, but there is increased health risk, things like increased strokes and heart attacks, as well as car accidents that occur in that week after time change, especially in the springtime.
SIMON: But you have some caution on this, too, don't you?
JOHNSON: So there's two ways to end clock change. One is to go to permanent daylight saving time, and one goes to permanent standard time. And so the scientific and medical community really feel it's very important for us to go to permanent standard time, which is much more aligned with the sun in the sky and so better for our overall health and well-being.
SIMON: Well, explain how that works out to us, if you could.
JOHNSON: So we all have body clocks, and they align to the sun. And studies have shown that even after switching to daylight saving time, our hormones stay with the sun. And so we end up living our social life by a clock time, when we go to work and school, but our body's clock is on that sun times still. And so that leads to at least about an hour of misalignment. But parts of the country, especially in the western parts of time zone, are misaligned by about 2 hours. And so that, again, affects things like our health. It affects how we sleep. There's more sleep deprivation and poor quality sleep when you're more misaligned. And that in itself has effects that last the whole time we're on daylight saving time.
SIMON: And how could we pay for that in terms of our health?
JOHNSON: So some of the research we have the best data on is increase in obesity. We also have a lot of good data now from multiple studies about cancer. And so some of these studies look at just the effect of where we are in the time zone and places in the country that are more aligned by an hour, similar to time change, have about a 12% increased risk in cancer. And certain types of cancer like liver cancer are even higher than that.
SIMON: The Senate approved the bill by an expedited process. As you've probably read, no one objected. There was no debate, and BuzzFeed has since reported some senators maybe didn't know what was going on. At least one would have objected if they had. I know you don't want to diagnose from a distance, but what do you figure? They were sleep-deprived?
JOHNSON: So there are some strong lobbies that are for permanent daylight saving time. And so, you know, a lot of people probably said, hey, it's popular to end time change. No one's going to really think about which way to go, so let's push it on through.
SIMON: Dr. Karin Johnson, associate professor of neurology at UMass Chan Medical School - Baystate, thank you for being with us. And when people say goodbye to you, do they always say something like pleasant dreams?
JOHNSON: (Laughter) I don't get that one much.
THE CHORDETTES: (Singing) Mr. Sandman, bring me a dream. Bum, bum, bum, bum. Make him the cutest that I've ever seen. Bum, bum, bum, bum. Give him two lips like roses and clovers. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
Co-Host Month rolls on in Steve's absence with a creator I've actually met, face-to-face, mano a mano. Rosscott is responsible for those hilarious play-on-word strips you've seen over at The System, featuring characters that hail from such renowned places as The Door to the Bathroom and Just Outside the Bathroom.
As I found out in our first interview segment, he also helped create the growing comics phenomenon known as Super Art Fight (13:50). Part pro wrestling (sports entertainment?), part artist's studio, this battle sounds intense, hilarious, and most of all, ridiculously fun. Head over to SAF's YouTube page for just a small taste of the raucous, inventive experience that awaits you.
With SAF at his disposal, Rosscott has encountered many names in the world of comics, making the list of name drops in that first segment quite long, but entirely worth mentioning:
- xkcd (3:42)
- Cyanide and Happiness (5:15)
- Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal (5:17)
- Lee Cherolis (man, not comics, 6:15)
- Caf-Fiends (8:40)
- Octopus Pie (9:18)
- Dinosaur Comics (11:01)
- Halolz (11:42)
- Paul Reveres (11:50)
- Finder's Keepers (11:56)
- Girls With Slingshots (12:17)
- High Moon, Box 13 (12:19, search for High Moon or Box 13, stupid Flash navigation)
- Sledgebunny (15:31)
- Dead of Summer (16:57)
Things take a turn for the dirty, but in name only, as we break with The Missionary Position's "The Big Sleep" (21:00). In the second review segment, we take a look at a comic that Rosscott himself brought to our attention:
- Yellow Peril (23:30)
This comic plays exaggeration into the genre of journal comics pretty well and creates an atmosphere that is instantly familiar to all Northeastern dwellers and graphic designers alike. To the rest of us, it's just a humorous, fun romp through what may or may not be a true person's story. Either way, I enjoyed getting to know Kane (pronounced kah-nay, so you know he's not a girl, apparently) and the gang and I think you will, too. Another comic mentioned in our critique:
- Erfworld (26:18)
Podcast: Play in new window | Download


text:
A judge has barred Los Angeles County District Attorney George Gascón from implementing a significant piece of his criminal justice reforms, ruling the progressive's policy to end sentencing enhancements in criminal cases is unlawful.
Monday's ruling comes after the Association of Deputy District Attorneys for Los Angeles sued their boss over the changes. The union challenged Gascón's directives, which he issued after taking office in December. The deputy attorneysarguedthat Gascón's orders posed serious ethical issues for deputy district attorneys.
"The court ruled that the District Attorney's policy violated the law to benefit criminal defendants and ordered him to comply with the law," the union said in a statement. "This ruling protects the communities which are disproportionately affected by higher crime rates and those who are victimized."
The lawsuit contested Gascón's policy of barring the use of sentencing enhancements. The union argued under California's three-strikes law, prosecutors don't have discretion "to refuse to seek the enhancement."
Sentencing enhancements mandate that those convicted of serious crimes, and have a prior conviction, receive longer sentences than those who are convicted of the same crime, but have no criminal record. Prosecutors in LA would commonly seek longer prison terms for criminal defendants with past felony convictions, or for being suspected of being a gang member.
Judge James Chalfant agreed with the union's argument that Gascón's rules broke California's three-strikes law, which states, "[t]he prosecuting attorney shall plead and prove each prior serious or violent felony conviction" of a criminal defendant.
Chalfant said the three-strikes law must "be applied in every case in which the defendant has a prior serious or violent conviction, and that the prosecuting attorney 'shall plead and prove' the strike prior" except in cases where the prior offense can't be proved.
Gascón to appeal
The Association of Deputy District Attorneys for Los Angeles said in its statement, "As the court ruling makes clear, this decision was based on what the law is and not what an officeholder thinks it should be."
Chalfant's preliminary injunction will not stop Gascón from preventing his deputies from seeking sentencing enhancements in new cases where not required by the three-strikes law.
Gascón pitched himself to voters as a force that will bring sweeping changes to California's most populous county's criminal justice system.
Shortly after being sworn in to his post, Gascón announced several reforms, in addition to his changes to the three-strikes policy. Those included a call for ending the death penalty, and stopping most uses of cash bail for misdemeanor or nonviolent felony offenses.
Gascón said in a statement Monday: "My directives are a product of the will of the people, including survivors of crime, and a substantial body of research that shows this modern approach will advance community safety."
He said he will appeal Chalfant's ruling, but that he would adopt the judge's order in the interim.
"Until the appeal is decided, my office will adjust its policies to be consistent with this ruling," he said. "We can no longer afford – morally, socially or economically – to justify tough-on-crime policies in the name of victims when a majority of the survivor community supports rehabilitation over excessive sentences. The long-term health and safety of our community depend on it."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


text:
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) leapt 1.3% in June, following a 1.0% increase in May. The measure of inflation has risen 9.1% in the last year and reached its highest level since 1981 (Figure 1). Energy prices have been the top contributor in the last 12 months, responsible for 3.0% of the 9.1% annual increase. Core CPI, which excludes food and energy, rose 0.7%. Its annual level continues to slide lower, dropping from 6.0% to 5.9%. Shelter costs rose sharply as rents and housing prices pushed them higher.
Key Points for the Week
- The Consumer Price Index jumped 1.3% in June, beating expectations. Inflation has now increased 9.1% in the last year.
- Retail sales surged 1.0% as higher prices and strong employment helped retail demand stay robust in the face of higher inflation.
- Chinese GDP fell 2.6% in the second quarter. Lockdowns and a weaker property market caused the Chinese economy to shrink.
The U.S. consumer is holding up well despite the inflationary pressures. June retail sales rose 1.0% and are 8.4% higher over the last year. When adjusted for inflation, consumers are paying more for slightly fewer goods as inflation has risen faster than sales. In June, the 1.0% rise in sales lagged the 1.3% rise in inflation, and the 8.4% yearly sales gain trails the 9.1% inflation hike. For example, gasoline station sales surged 5.9% because gasoline prices were significantly higher.
Chinese GDP fell 2.6% last quarter as China's approaches to COVID-19 restricted economic activity. The shutdowns were major contributors to retail sales falling in April and May and only partially rebounding in June. The risk of future lockdowns continues to loom large on Chinese growth and the global supply chain.
Markets were lower last week, although a rally on Friday after the retail sales report helped narrow weekly losses. The S&P 500 fell 0.9%. The global MSCI ACWI gave back 1.6%. The Bloomberg Aggregate Bond Index rallied 0.9%. The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey as well as second quarter earnings are the key data points likely to move markets this week.
Figure 1
Inflation Spirals Higher
U.S. inflation continued to run higher in June. A monthly increase of 1.3% added to already high inflation and pushed the yearly inflation rate to 9.1%. As we shared last week, pay increases have been most rapid for those with the least education and lowest-paying jobs. While these pay gains have helped, this group is also the most vulnerable to increases in inflation as they spend a higher percentage of their incomes on basic goods and have less spending flexibility than higher earners.
Energy costs have contributed significantly to annual inflation. Although energy makes up only 7% of the basket of goods used to measure CPI, it has contributed 3.0% to the yearly inflation rate, accounting for nearly one-third of the increase. When combined with food and auto prices, the three categories contributed 56% of the inflation, yet make up only 28% of the basket. Any relief in these areas could help slow inflation.
The details of the report provided little positive news. A few travel categories reported lower prices, but those have still increased by more than the overall CPI average in the last year. A plethora of categories climbed more than 0.5%, suggesting inflation pressure continues to broaden.
Some relief on energy prices will help next month's report. Gasoline prices have declined for more than 30 straight days, after peaking in early June. Because the average price in June was above May's average, gasoline pumped inflation higher in June. That should reverse in July. Some factors working in the opposite direction will make next month's inflation a tougher comparison. Monthly inflation ebbed lower in the third quarter last year, and that means smaller monthly increases may still push the annual inflation rate higher than the already high 9.1%.
The Federal Reserve meeting in two weeks is the next big event in the ongoing fight to lower inflation. In its recent minutes and subsequent press appearances, Fed governors have gone out of their way to make up for being overly optimistic about inflation trends earlier. Since dropping "transitory" from its description of inflation late last year, the Fed has become more hawkish, meaning it has more will to raise rates. That hawkishness, combined with the big jump in CPI, has cemented expectations for at least a 0.75% increase in interest rates later this month. Some have begun to forecast an increase of 1.0%, matching the Canadian central bank's recent hike.
A 1.0% increase seems a big step given the moves already made by the Fed and others. Even amid the high inflation, strong employment environment, and solid retail sales, there are signs the global economy is slowing. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced it will reduce its projections for economic growth for the second time in three months due to the ongoing war in Ukraine, higher inflation, and ongoing supply bottlenecks. Some Fed governors are counselling against raising rates too fast. Esther George, who leads the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, worries, "…that a rapid pace of rate increases brings about the risk of tightening policy more quickly than the economy and markets can adjust."
Interest rate hikes often slow the economy after a lag, as some economic momentum takes a while to reverse. The U.S. is not alone in raising rates. The U.K., South Korea, Canada, and Australia have all increased rates, which will help slow global activity. According to the IMF, 75 central banks have raised interest rates since July 2021.
Perhaps a useful analogy for the Fed's current challenge is someone trying to train for a marathon after sitting on the couch for most of the pandemic and then postponing the start of the training program until long after the recommended start date. The erstwhile marathon runner will have to accelerate her training much more rapidly to get in good enough shape to finish the race. At the same time, the intense training regimen required increases the chance of injury. The Fed is in a similar situation. Having waited too long to start increasing rates, it finds itself having to walk a narrow path between pushing too hard and not pushing hard enough.
Based on the signals the Fed is giving, we expect it will increase rates 0.75%. That attempts to balance the goal of taking big steps to curtail inflation while still giving the economy and markets time to adjust to a higher rate environment.
This newsletter was written and produced by CWM, LLC. Content in this material is for general information only and not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any individual. All performance referenced is historical and is no guarantee of future results. All indices are unmanaged and may not be invested into directly. The views stated in this letter are not necessarily the opinion of any other named entity and should not be construed directly or indirectly as an offer to buy or sell any securities mentioned herein. Due to volatility within the markets mentioned, opinions are subject to change without notice. Information is based on sources believed to be reliable; however, their accuracy or completeness cannot be guaranteed. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
The Standard & Poor's 500 Index is a capitalization-weighted index of 500 stocks designed to measure performance of the broad domestic economy through changes in the aggregate market value of 500 stocks representing all major industries.
The MSCI ACWI captures large- and mid-cap representation across 23 developed markets (DM) and 23 emerging markets (EM) countries*. With 2,480 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the global investable equity opportunity set.
NBC News. Laura Eagan. 07/17/2022. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/gas-prices-are-falling-voters-say-arent-feeling-relief-rcna37680
IMF. Kristalina Georgieva. 07/13/2022. https://blogs.imf.org/2022/07/13/facing-a-darkening-economic-outlook-how-the-g20-can-respond/
Wall Street Journal. Nick Timaros. 07/17/2022. https://www.wsj.com/articles/fed-officials-preparing-to-lift-interest-rates-by-another-0-75-percentage-point-11658068201?mod=hp_lead_pos1
Wall Street Journal. Michael S. Derby. 07/11/2022. https://www.wsj.com/articles/feds-george-concerned-about-effect-of-aggressive-rate-rises-on-economy-11657554589?mod=article_inline
Cheddar News. Alex Vuocolo. 12/15/2021.0 https://cheddar.com/media/fed-chair-powell-drops-transitory-from-statement-speeds-up-taper#:~:text=Fed%20Chair%20Powell%20Drops%20'Transitory'%20From%20Statement%2C%20Speeds%20Up%20Taper,-Dec%2015%2C%202021&text=As%20prices%20for%20goods%20hit,in%20its%20latest%20policy%20statement
US Bureau of Labor Statistics. 07/13/2022. https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm
US Census Bureau. 07/15/2022. https://www.census.gov/retail/marts/www/marts_current.pdf
CNBC. Evelyn Cheng. 07/14/2022. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/15/china-q2-gdp.html
Compliance Case # 01432458


text:
I am a sucker for orange chicken, and the crock-pot version is so easy and absolutely delicious! I posted the recipe almost a year ago, and you can find it here.
Another recent favorite is Mexican egg rolls. It's a yummy meal that can be altered to accommodate even the pickiest of kids, and it's fun for them to help assemble too! The recipe from a few months ago is here.
Because I can't follow rules - I'm going to share my favorite dessert too. If I get invited to a cook-out and don't have much time to prepare, these suckers are going with me. (Fine. I bring them even if I have tons of time to prepare. But people love them, I swear!) Recipe here!
This week's recipe is a soup that a small group of my friends ask for every time I see them.
Broccoli Cheddar Soup
6 tablespoons butter
1 small onion, chopped
1/4 cup flour
2 cups half & half
3 cups chicken broth
2 bay leaves
1/4 teaspoon nutmeg
4 cups broccoli florets
1 large carrot, diced
2 1/2 cups cheddar cheese, shredded
Salt and pepper to taste
Melt the butter in a large pot over medium heat. Add the onion and cook until tender, about 5 minutes. Whisk in the flour and cook until golden, 3 to 4 minutes, then gradually whisk in the half and half until smooth. Add the chicken broth, bay leaves, nutmeg, salt and pepper and bring to a simmer. Reduce the heat to medium low and cook, uncovered, until thickened, about 30 minutes.
Add the broccoli and carrot to the brother mixture and simmer until tender, about 20 minutes. Discard the bay leaves. Puree the soup with an immersion blender. Add the cheese and whisk over medium heat until melted.
What's cooking in your kitchen?


text:
Magma world: NASA'S Spitzer finds evidence for an exoplanet smaller than Earth
- Date:
- July 18, 2012
- Source:
- Summary:
- Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have detected what they believe is a planet two-thirds the size of Earth. The exoplanet candidate, called UCF-1.01, is located a mere 33 light-years away, making it possibly the nearest world to our solar system that is smaller than our home planet.
- Share:
Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have detected what they believe is a planet two-thirds the size of Earth. The exoplanet candidate, called UCF-1.01, is located a mere 33 light-years away, making it possibly the nearest world to our solar system that is smaller than our home planet.
Exoplanets circle stars beyond our sun. Only a handful smaller than Earth have been found so far. Spitzer has performed transit studies on known exoplanets, but UCF-1.01 is the first ever identified with the telescope, pointing to a possible role for Spitzer in helping discover potentially habitable, terrestrial-sized worlds.
"We have found strong evidence for a very small, very hot and very near planet with the help of the Spitzer Space Telescope," said Kevin Stevenson from the University of Central Florida in Orlando. Stevenson is lead author of the paper, which has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. "Identifying nearby small planets such as UCF-1.01 may one day lead to their characterization using future instruments."
The hot new planet candidate was found unexpectedly in Spitzer observations. Stevenson and his colleagues were studying the Neptune-sized exoplanet GJ 436b, already known to exist around the red-dwarf star GJ 436. In the Spitzer data, the astronomers noticed slight dips in the amount of infrared light streaming from the star, separate from the dips caused by GJ 436b. A review of Spitzer archival data showed the dips were periodic, suggesting a second planet might be blocking out a small fraction of the star's light.
This technique, used by a number of observatories including NASA's Kepler space telescope, relies on transits to detect exoplanets. The duration of a transit and the small decrease in the amount of light registered reveals basic properties of an exoplanet, such as its size and distance from its star. In UCF-1.01's case, its diameter would be approximately 5,200 miles (8,400 kilometers), or two-thirds that of Earth. UCF-1.01 would revolve quite tightly around GJ 436, at about seven times the distance of Earth from the moon, with its "year" lasting only 1.4 Earth days. Given this proximity to its star, far closer than the planet Mercury is to our sun, the exoplanet's surface temperature would be more than 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit (almost 600 degrees Celsius).
If the roasted, diminutive planet candidate ever had an atmosphere, it almost surely has evaporated. UCF-1.01 might therefore resemble a cratered, mostly geologically dead world like Mercury. Paper co-author Joseph Harrington, also of the University of Central Florida and principal investigator of the research, suggested another possibility; that the extreme heat of orbiting so close to GJ 436 has melted the exoplanet's surface.
"The planet could even be covered in magma," Harrington said.
In addition to UCF-1.01, Stevenson and his colleagues noticed hints of a third planet, dubbed UCF-1.02, orbiting GJ 436. Spitzer has observed evidence of the two new planets several times each. However, even the most sensitive instruments are unable to measure exoplanet masses as small as UCF-1.01 and UCF-1.02, which are perhaps only one-third the mass of Earth. Because knowing the mass is required for confirming a discovery, the paper authors are cautiously calling both bodies exoplanet candidates for now.
Of the approximately 1,800 stars identified by Kepler as candidates for having planetary systems, just three are verified to contain sub-Earth-sized exoplanets. Of these, only one exoplanet is thought to be smaller than the Spitzer candidates, with a radius similar to Mars, or 57 percent that of Earth.
"I hope future observations will confirm these exciting results, which show Spitzer may be able to discover exoplanets as small as Mars," said Michael Werner, Spitzer Project Scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif. "Even after almost nine years in space, Spitzer's observations continue to take us in new and important scientific directions."
JPL manages Spitzer for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech in Pasadena. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.
For more information about Spitzer, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/spitzer
Cite This Page:


text:
Georgia Senior Picture Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What Does a Georgia Senior Picture Photographer Do?
A senior picture photographer takes photos of the graduating seniors from high school and college. This will include pictures of the graduate in a setting and location of their choosing to represent their favorite place near their school, their interests, their athletic participation or their high school or college major. In addition, they will have to edit all of your photos and spend a lot of time during the post processing stage to prepare your final pictures.
How Do I Find and Choose The Best Georgia Senior Picture Photographers?
There are several ways to find a good senior pictures photographer that will satisfy your expectations, including using the search engines, a local senior picture photographer directory, and also word of mouth referrals from family and friends. When reviewing your options always be sure to review the senior picture photography galleries of the photographers you are considering to be certain you are choosing a senior photographer that takes pictures and photos in the style that you desire. What one graduate likes another graduate may not, so it's an entirely subjective process depending on the style of senior picture photography you want. Always look for someone with significant experience in senior picture photography and as a graduation photographer, at least 5 years so you can be sure they are competent and have plenty of previous high school and college senior shoots to show as examples.
How Much Do Georgia Senior Picture Photographers Cost on Average?
Average prices and cost for Georgia senior picture photographers will vary based on the experience of the photographer, the location, whether they have to travel long distance, and also how in demand they are due to their talent. On average, you can expect to pay $200 to $400 or more for a good senior photographer session. Some that travel and are in high demand will charge $300 or more plus travel expenses. It is not advisable to choose a photographer that only charges $100 or less due to the fact that they may not have that much experience, but if their senior picture photography portfolio is good and you're happy with their style, that may be an option for you.
Do You Tip a Graduating Senior Picture Photographer?
Most people do tip a graduate photographer, but it isn't required depending on their fee. A tip of 10% to 15% is not uncommon and most have no problem tipping because of the relationship they develop with their senior photographer and the time spent throughout the day of the shoot.
What Questions Should I Ask a Georgia Senior Picture Photographer?
There are several questions you should ask your senior photographer up front to be sure you have clarity on how things will take place, what you can expect and what the final deliverables will be. Key questions include:
- How many senior picture photography and graduate photography shoots have you shot?
- What editing style do you use for senior picture photography?
- What editing style do you use for graduation photography?
- How many edited photos are included?
- Can we have all the photos that aren't edited on a thumb drive?
- What are your total costs and what deposit is required?
- Can we shoot inside at our house, your studio, or even outside for senior picture photography?
- Can we include other family members in the senior photography shoot?
- Can you be available for two different locations if desired?


text:
Best plugin of all time to categorize WordPress media library with folders.
Let's organize WordPress media library folders using a drag and drop organizer.
TEST DRIVE | GO PRO (Lifetime License) 💎
FileBird enhances your media library with a clean user interface, native icons, smooth drag & drop, dynamic gallery, and advanced sort options. With such a better organization, it becomes super easy to insert images into Gutenberg blocks, find old files, and remove unused images.
The free version allows you to create unlimited main folders and subfolders.
📌 Documentation | Compare FileBird Free vs Pro
FileBird allows you to create virtual folders to categorize your WordPress media file uploads. So when you move files and folders around, it won't break the permalinks to your images in the page/post content.
With FileBird, you can save time on WP media management, search for any files & folders, sort them out, add product image gallery, download/export media folders, etc. That's a great way to boost your admin workflow and productivity.
NEW – Folder Tree Themes (PRO)
Instead of the traditional gray shade of folder icon, now you can transform your "Folderella" into Dropbox theme or Windows 11 styling.
Download Media Folder (PRO)
Export an entire media folder, including its subfolders and files, in a single ZIP file. Keep the same folder structure. Backup categorized media files.
Smart Startup Folder
Choose a specific folder or previously opened folder upon startup. Quickly get back to work. Save more time.
File Location
Locate any file in its details modal and easily change its containing folder.
Smart Context Menu
Right-click on any FileBird folder to quickly create a subfolder, rename, set color, cut, paste, or delete it just the way you do on your computer.
Full Control In One Toolbar
FileBird's collapsible sidebar provides you with ultimate control over all WordPress media library folders.
Painless Migration
Import and seamlessly synchronize media category/folder structure from Enhanced Media Library, WP Media Folder by JoomUnited, WordPress Media Library Folders by Max Foundry, Real Media Library, and HappyFiles.
Export Folders Organization
One-click to export the whole WP media folder structure so that you can migrate it to your live sites or simply keep a backup.
User Based Folder View
Enabling this mode allows admins and other users access to create their own categories/directories. A user can freely manage his/her folders without affecting others' directory structure.
Powerful Search Feature
You can sort and search for files and folder names not only in the Media library but also while browsing images through the page/post editor.
Various Sort Options (PRO)
Go advanced with 2 ways to sort folders and 10 ways to sort files. This is a great time-saver for all busy WordPress admins & webmasters.
Sort Files by File Size (PRO)
Now you can calculate your attachment size in a single click and sort files by file size.
Custom Folder Color (PRO)
Right-click on a specific folder to pick a distinct color. This helps differentiate it between numerous folders.
Multiple Tree View Styles (PRO)
Apart from the hierarchical tree view, you have the option to hide levels from the tree view, too. This flat tree view is very useful for those with a large number of folders.
Categorize Pages, Posts, and Custom Post Types (PRO)
Easily enable the folder tree to organize your WordPress pages, posts, plugins, WooCommerce coupons, discounts, and other CPTs.
Customizable Default File Order
Set a way of sorting files alphabetically by ascending/descending the file name, title, date, modified, and author.
Bulk-Delete Folders
Now, you can bulk-select File Bird folders and delete them in a single click. All those files will be moved to the Uncategorized folder and remain intact.
FileBird 支持RTL语言包括Hebrew,Arabic等等
Many Languages Supported
This plugin supports most popular languages such as English, Spanish, Italian, French, German, Dutch, Hebrew, etc.
That FileBird now comes with an addon to help you create a standalone WordPress document gallery using Gutenberg and FileBird folders?
Be sure to check it out: FileBird Document Library.
Managing a WordPress site means that you'll be adding tons of multi-media files, such as images, videos, audios, documents, etc., into your WP media library.
As a result, your library has to store thousands of files and could become a total mess. WordPress default file name search function is a good thing but it will never match the ease of going directly to a folder. That's when FileBird comes in to help with managing files in WordPress!
This media file manager gives you the ability to easily organize all files by drag and drop between folders. With FileBird in hand, things will be a lot better than they were.
The best thing about a folder-based structure is it makes it very easy to find the files you need and saves you so much time.
You won't see WordPress media library not loading, as FileBird smart-loads one folder at a time.
🚀 使用 FileBird 像专业人士一样管理 WP 媒体文件夹的技巧
- Upload multiple folders and their files directly from your computer to WordPress
- Create a gallery from folders using the Gutenberg block of FileBird gallery
- Create WordPress document gallery with shortcode
- 调整左侧边栏的大小以获得所有文件夹的概览
- Upload files to a specific folder by choosing the destination folder from the dropdown
- 轻松的 搜索 用于文件/文件夹名字
- 从页面/帖子编辑器中,浏览 FileBird UI 中的文件和文件夹
- While customizing WooCommerce email with a drag-and-drop email builder, you can quickly find the images you need
- Keep your folders uncluttered by clearing out the old files using the Sort by file size feature
With FileBird Pro, you will be able to use folders to organize posts, pages, WooCommerce products, coupons, templates, and other custom post types. These premium-only features include integrations with third-party themes and plugins.
- Avada – #1 WordPress best selling theme of all time
- Divi – Theme from ElegantThemes
- Enfold – 有史以来最用户友好的 WordPress 主题
- Uncode – 高度受欢迎的前端编辑器
- Jupiter – Elementor 多用途主题
- Flatsome – 卖的最好的WooCommerce主题
- Salient – 响应式多用途主题
- XStore – 响应式多用途 WooCommerce WordPress 主题
- KLEO – Community Multi Purpose BuddyPress Theme
- Bricks Builder
- 并且有更多+++
- Polylang – A plugin that allows you to create a bilingual or multilingual WordPress site
- Elementor Website Builder
- JetEngine
- Flatsome UX Builder
- Divi Builder
- Visual Composer
- Beaver Builder
- SiteOrigin Pro
- KingComposer
- Tatsu Builder
- Oxygen
- Thrive Architect
- 经典编辑器 – 老的编辑器用来展示树状文件夹
- Slider Revolution – Best selling WordPress responsive slider plugin
- EWWW Image 优化器
- FooGallery 图片库 – 响应式图片库
- Smush – 压缩、图像优化器、延迟加载、WebP 图像
- 并且有更多+++
- FileBird Gallery
Setup FileBird (or File Bird) is easy and takes less than one minute.
- Download the plugin from wordpress.org, unpack it, and upload the [FileBird] folder to your wp-content/plugins/ directory.
- 通过 WordPress 中的"插件"菜单激活插件。
- 转到您的 WordPress 主菜单 > 媒体,
Yes, you can find all uploads in the All Files folder.
When I move an image to another folder, does this action affect how the image appears on the page/post?
No, it makes no changes to your images on the site's front end.
If I create a folder or category, does this override the default WordPress path `wp-content/uploads/`?
No, it does not. The plugin helps organize files into folders visually. Every file permalink/URL remains unchanged.
What happens to my site if I uninstall FileBird?
不用担心,您的网站将完全不受影响。停用后,您的所有文件都可以在默认的 WordPress 媒体库中找到。
您可以在此处与我们联系 https://ninjateam.org/support/
If you wish to use FileBird folders in all premium page builders, you can upgrade to FileBird PRO. Premium features include advanced sort & filtering for both files and folders, download entire media folders, more themes, plugins & page builders supported.
FileBird Pro是一次性付款吗?
Yes! FileBird lifetime license costs you a one-time fee, you can use it on a single site, and get unlimited updates.
Happy Organizing! 😍
Jun 25, 2024 – Version 6.3.2
- Fixed: Issue with loading media in Add New Media File page
- Fixed: CSS hiding all admin notices
Jun 24, 2024 – Version 6.3
- Added: FileBird folder column in Media list and Post Type table (PRO)
- Improved: WordPress TableList Drag/Drop
- Fixed: WordPress VIP service doesn't load FileBird styles
- Fixed: WPML/Polylang not sync file to folder when add new attachment (PRO)
Jun 14, 2024 – Version 6.2.5
- Fixed: Folder dropdown not showing in Featured Image upload tab when Elementor is activated
May 23, 2024 – Version 6.2.3
- New: Full compatibility of folders for pages, posts, custom post types with WPML, Polylang, etc.
- New: SVG upload & sanitization
- New: Each user can now experience new folder skins in different themes
- New: Quickly display folder ID
- New: File counter options for each user
- New: UI/UX & icon design
- Required: At least PHP 7.4
- Improved: Unstyled component
- Improved: Smooth resizeable folder sidebar
- Improved: Lightweight plugin bundle with minified packages
- Improved: Faster performance
- Improved: Smart load assets per task
- Improved: File search scope in list view
- Improved: Performance
- Fixed: Default folder settings not working in Elementor
- Fixed: Default folder settings not saved in some CPTs
- Fixed: PHP 8.0 auto-update library
Mar 29, 2024 – Version 5.6.4
- Fixed: Wordfence bug report
Mar 11, 2024 – Version 5.6.3
- Fixed: Compatible with PHP 8.2
- Added: Show Buy Banner in Zion Builder
Mar 2, 2024 – Version 5.6.2
- Updated: Open for Elementor free version
- Added: Import folder from Mediamatic plugin
- Improved: Image gallery
Jan 19, 2024 – Version 5.6.1
- Fixed: XSS vulnerability
Jan 9, 2024 – Version 5.6.0
- Fixed: Firewall blocking (Sucuri, GoDaddy, etc.)
Jan 9, 2024 – Version 5.5.9
- Fixed: I18N issues
- Fixed: Support SVG file
- Fixed: Special symbols in folder name when exported
- Updated: POT file
Dec 7, 2023 – Version 184.108.40.206
- Fixed: Folder names in document library not seen on mobile
Nov 28, 2023 – Version 5.5.8
- Fixed: Compatible with Polylang latest version
Nov 22, 2023 – Version 5.5.7
- Added: Support YooTheme ver 4 and greater
- Fixed: Conflict with ATUM Purchase Order Pro plugin (by Stock Management Labs™)
Nov 13, 2023 – Version 5.5.6
- Fixed: Sorting in WooCommerce Products (PRO)
Nov 8, 2023 – Version 5.5.5
- Fixed: Compatible with WP 6.4
- Improved: Review suggestion
Oct 25, 2023 – Version 5.5.4
- Fixed: Not show folder tree in post types (PRO)
Oct 24, 2023 – Version 5.5.3
- Improved: Work with cache
Aug 31, 2023 – Version 5.5.2
- Fixed: Counter wrong in popup modal with WPML (PRO)
- Fixed: Support Betheme latest version (PRO)
- Fixed: Conflict tooltip style with Betheme builder (PRO)
- Fixed: Drag/drop attachment not working correctly (conflict with betheme builder drag/drop) (PRO)
Aug 23, 2023 – Version 5.5.1
- Fixed: Error with WP 6.0.x
Aug 3, 2023 – Version 5.5
- Added: New filter for Post Types Support: filebird_post_types
- Added: Label All Posts/Pages/Items (PRO) & Logo Empty Folder
- Added: Counter of folder on the right
- Fixed: Tooltip of folder on the right
- Fixed: Laggy moving
- Improved: Logic and performance
- Updated: POT files, updated Dutch Language
Jul 7, 2023 – Version 5.4.5
- Added: Compatible with PDF Image Generator (By Mizuho Ogino)
- Updated: Document Link
- Fixed: PHP 8 warning
Jul 3, 2023 – Version 5.4.4
- Added: Compatible with text block of UX builder (Theme Flatsome)
- Fixed: Drop item when a subfolder is deleted
- Fixed: Conpatible with Twenty twenty three theme
Jun 27, 2023 – Version 5.4.3
- Fixed: Conflict with plugin CMS Tree Page View
- Fixed: Set folder for cropped image
Jun 20, 2023 – Version 5.4.2
- Added: Sync WPML
Jun 7, 2023 – Version 5.4.1
- Fixed: Compatible with the latest version of Beaver Builder (PRO)
- Fixed: PostType Tree keep loading with Editor Role (PRO)
Jun 5, 2023 – Version 5.4
- Added: Support migrate folders from Wicked Folders plugin
May 15, 2023 – Version 5.3.2
- Fixed: SQL security
May 11, 2023 – Version 5.3.1
- Fixed: Guide link
May 8, 2023 – Version 5.3
- Added: Options Choose user folder when import CSV (with attachments)
- Fixed: Compatible with PHP 5.6, PHP 8.2
- Fixed: Disable button Bulk select after moving files
Apr 18, 2023 – Version 5.2
- Added: Folders for other post types (PRO)
- Fixed: Error with layout of woo product
- Fixed: Move files
- Fixed: sql_require_primary_key
Apr 10, 2023 – Version 5.1.6
- Fixed: Sql_require_primary_key in Digital Ocean
- Fixed: Can not active when email has plus character
Mar 23, 2023 – Version 5.1.5
- Supported: LearnPress
- Supported: BeTheme
- Fixed: Permission for generate-key api
- Fixed: Gutenberg scroll folder
Jan 9, 2023 – Version 5.1.4
- Fixed: Special symbol in image alt in gallery
Jan 4, 2023 – Version 5.1.3
- Fixed: Conflict with PHP <7.4
Jan 3, 2023 – Version 5.1.2
- Fixed: Download folder error (PRO)
Dec 28, 2022 – Version 5.1.1
- Fixed and improved: Sort by file name (PRO)
Nov 15, 2022 – Version 5.1
- Fixed: Import folders from WP Media Folders (by Damien Barrère)
- Fixed: Move attachment
Nov 10, 2022 – Version 5.0.9
- Added: Import folders from WP Media Folders (by Damien Barrère)
Oct 10, 2022 – Version 5.0.8
- Improved: Review notice (display after 3 days when activated the first time)
- Added: Hook for not create folder when uploading
- Added: Open folder tree view for CPT UI plugin
- Fixed: Small CSS
Sep 16, 2022 – Version 5.0.7
- Updated: New algorithm
Sep 12, 2022 – Version 5.0.6
- Fixed: SVG Icon in Safari
- Added: Notice when create/update folder fail
- Fixed: FileBird Gallery not display image when using EWWW Image Optimizer plugin
- Fixed: Some bugs
Aug 11, 2022 – Version 5.0.5
- Fixed: Some bugs
Aug 9, 2022 – Version 5.0.4
- Fixed: Issue with wordpress.com
- Fixed: Compatible with Themify
- Fixed: PHP warnings
Jul 25, 2022 – Version 5.0.3
- Fixed: Import from 3rd party plugins
Jul 21, 2022 – Version 5.0.2
- Removed: CSS Gallery when not using Gutenberg
- Improved: UI on mobile
- Fixed: PHP warning
Jul 5, 2022 – Version 5.0.1
- Updated: Korean Language
- Removed: All .DS_Store files
- Fixed: Module build failed
Jun 30, 2022 – Version 5.0
- Added: FileBird Gallery Layouts (Flex | Manasory | Grid) and Lightbox
- Added: New API method for Dev
- Added: Some new settings
- Added: Full Support Gutenberg Block Translation with new json file (you can generate by using wp i18n make-json which have been published by WP version 5)
- Added: Support Korean Language
- Added: Support Themify
- Added: Recommended plugins
- Optimized: Performance (FileBird 5 loads the previous versions, refactored code base, optimized query, removed some library, changed structure)
- Improved: UI and notices
- Updated: POT file
- Fixed: CSS with LMS Plugin
- Fixed: Minimize Upload Popup
- Fixed: Warning in PHP 8 (Tested in PHP 8.1)
- Fixed: Compatible with Enhanced Media plugin
- Fixed: Some bugs
Feb 9, 2022 – Version 220.127.116.11
- Optimized code
Jan 7, 2022 – Version 4.9.9
- Fixed: Slow query
- Fixed: File permissions
- Fixed: Hide tab Import/Export error
Dec 30, 2021 – Version 4.9.8
- Added: Import/Export folder structure into CSV
- Added: Flat/Default tree view in modal
- Improved: UI and text
- Fixed: Conflict with Envato Market plugin
Dec 14, 2021 – Version 4.9.7
- Fixed: Conflict with ACF
- Fixed: Error in folder.php
Dec 06, 2021 – Version 4.9.6
- Added: Support MailPoet
Dec 02, 2021 – Version 4.9.5
- Added: Folder selector in Edit media
- Fixed: WooCommerce conflict (break Upload Theme button)
Nov 10, 2021 – Version 4.9.4
- Fixed: Elementor With PolyLang wrong folder counter
- Fixed: Image ALT in FileBird Gutenberg Gallery
Sep 30, 2021
- Updated: Some notice
Sep 14, 2021 – Version 4.9.3
- Added: Import folders for Folders by Premio
- Fixed: Compatible with WordPress old version.
Sep 9, 2021 – Version 4.9.2
- Improved: Import notice
- Fixed: Some small bugs
Aug 25, 2021 – Version 4.9.1
- Fixed: Gutenberg widgets missing
Aug 13, 2021 – Version 4.9
- Added: Infinite scroll
- Added: Plugin activation alert
- Added: Sorting by File Name in FileBird Gallery
- Improved: Folder name sorting
- Improved: German translation
- Fixed: Drag files in Tablet
Jul 21, 2021 – Version 4.8
- Fixed: Compatible with WordPress 5.8
- Fixed: Replace image
Jul 15, 2021 – Version 4.7.8
- Fixed: Conflict with Photo Gallery plugin
- Fixed: ACF warning
- Fixed: ACF meta field image can't load
- Fixed: WPML Counter (in WPML last version 4.4.10)
Jul 2, 2021 – Version 4.7.7
- Added: Notice when a license was used
- Supported: Enhanced Media Library
- Supported: Media Library Assistant
- Improved: Load large files
- Improved: Translation (Added missing strings)
- Fixed: Loading Uncategorized folder
- Fixed: Context menu position
- Fixed: Security
- Fixed: Small bugs
Jun 11, 2021 – Version 4.7.4
- Updated: Languages
- Fixed: JS conflict with Divi builder
- Fixed: WPML non translated mode make folder counter and files in folders get wrong
- Fixed: Conflict with Debug Bar plugin
- Fixed: PolyLang get missing files in folder
- Fixed: Folder always loading
- Fixed: Important security updates.
May 26, 2021 – Version 4.7.3
- Improved: FileBird UI in Mobile
- Improved: Library
- Improved: Translations, update POT file
- Fixed: Auto Update function conflict with plugins and themes
- Fixed: Image validation for ACF plugin
- Fixed: Gutenberg issues (Wrong tag in frontend, Large images chosen when create gallery)
- Fixed: Missing language "NL"
- Fixed: RestAPI (404 Error)
- Fixed: WPML/Polylang Full Compatible modes in Setting Media, support "All languages in admin bar", Counter
Apr 07, 2021 – Version 4.7.2
- Improved: Tooltip
- Improved: UI
- Optimized: FileBird zip size
- Fixed: Can't set folder Uncategorized as default in folder load
- Fixed: Update database make folders duplicated when "Each user folder mode" enabled
Apr 01, 2021 – Version 4.7.1
- Added: Upload multiple images in multiple folders when upload processing
- Fixed: Append wrong folders in right side
Mar 30, 2021 – Version 4.7
- Added: New Resize bar
- Improved: Performance
- Improved: Optimize code
- Improved: UI
- Improved: Text
- Supported: PHP 8 and greater
- Supported: Tatsu Builder
- Fixed: Counter in WPML
- Fixed: Tooltip bugs
- Fixed: Can't set "Uncategorized" default folder load
- Fixed: Reorder on Edit gallery
- Fixed: Small bugs
Feb 5, 2021 – Version 4.5
- New feature: Download folder (Pro)
- Added: Unlimited folders
- Added: Limited file explorer with 3rd party plugins
- Improved: Performance
- Fixed: Draggable for tablet
- Fixed: Edit Gallery
- Fixed: Over The Max Number Of attachmentID
- Fixed: FileBird Gallery selector in Gutenberg
- Fixed: Duplicate folder when import
- Fixed: Folder scroll
- Fixed: Folder counter bug when moving images in user-based folder mode
- Fixed: Conflict with Picu plugin
- 修复:带有TutorLMS插件的混淆
- 禁用:在手机中可拖拽的附件
Dec 21, 2020 – Version 4.3.1
- Added: Support shortcode for Document Gallery
- Added: API – Get folder detail by folder_id
- Fixed: Modal append (Conflict with Yoast SEO)
- Fixed: Conflict with Uncode theme
- Fixed: Not loading media when uploaded by different modal in Elementor
- Fixed: Reset file selection when move file in bulk select
Dec 14, 2020 – Version 4.3
- Added: Press ESC key to exit Bulk select mode
- Improved: Alert text
- Improved: Icon size and default folders with long names in some languages
- Fixed: Missing folder container
- Fixed: Security
- Fixed: SQL
- Fixed: Upload new image can't insert to the post in modal
- Fixed: Prevent reload attachments when sort folders
Nov 25, 2020 – Version 4.2
- Added: Set previous folder selected as default folder
- Added: Compatible with Oxygen Builder
- Fixed: ACF warning
- Fixed: Conflict with WPML rest API
- Fixed: CSS conflict with The Grid plugin
- Improved: Prevent warning when upload folder containing desktop.ini or .DS_Store file
Oct 27, 2020 – Version 4.1
- Added: Set default folder to open
- Added: New APIs
- Added: Support ACF
- Improved: Notice of creating the first folder
- Removed: Folder selector when no item available in modal popup
- Fixed: Some bugs in folder container
Sep 16, 2020 – Version 4.0.7
- Added: User can use API to create folders
- Improved: Cut/Paste function
- Fixed: Counter with Polylang
- Fixed: Import function
- Fixed: Counter in import message
Aug 26, 2020 – Version 4.0.6
- Added: Compatible with Cornerstone Page Builder (From X Theme)
- Fixed: Browser security issue with Microsoft Edge, Firefox
- Fixed: Conflict jQuery-UI with ACF plugin
- Fixed: Can't create table 'fbv_attachment_folder'
- Fixed: Screen Option hidden in Media Upload
- Fixed: Cache issues
- Fixed: Mobile view
- Fixed: Compatible with The7 theme
- Fixed: Improve performance on modal
- Fixed: Upload bugs
- Fixed: Count on parent folder
- Fixed: Small bugs
- Improved: Notifications
- Improved: Keep old folders from 4.0 version
- Improved: Performance
- Added: Gutenberg block
- Improved: Keep old folders from 4.0 version after update database
- Improved: UI/UX
- Fixed: Update FileBird database
- Fixed: Bulk delete folders
- Fixed: Some small bugs
- Fixed: Auto import folders from old version
- Added: New designs
- Added: Use new technology
- Added: Smooth performance for unlimited folders and large numbers of files
- Added: REST API for developers
- Added: Sort files by Name, Date, Modified, Author (PRO)
- Added: Bulk select folders
- Added: Bulk delete folders
- Added: Wipe old data
- Added: Clean all data
- Added: Import from Media Library Assistant
- Added: Import from WP Media Folder by JoomUnited
- Added: Support Brizy builder
- Added: Support Fusion builder (PRO)
- Added: Compatible with KnowherePro theme
- Improved: Switchers
- Improved: Text and Popups
- Improved: Documentation
- Fixed: Special characters in folder name
- Fixed: Auto detect site width
- Fixed: SQL syntax errors
- Fixed: Bugs in list view
- Fixed: Duplicate queries
- Fixed: Bugs with WPML
- Fixed: Small bugs
- Added: Support Thrive Architect
- Added: Language files for Taiwan (Thanks to soga172)
- Fixed: List view order item bug
- Fixed: WPML bug
- Fixed: Scroll bar
- Fixed: Some smart bugs
- Fixed: Tree view show modal
- Added: New FileBird layout
- Added: New icon
- Added: Separate Folder(s) for different user
- Added: Import files from 2 media library plugins (Enhanced Media Library by webbistro and WordPress Media Library Folders by Max Foundry)
- Added: Folder sort, folder search
- Fixed: Support PolyLang
- Fixed: Count
- Fixed: Splitter
- Fixed: Rename folder in list view mode
- Fixed: Some bugs in right to left screen
- Fixed: Move large folders
- Fixed: Filter is hidden when using Smush plugin
- Removed: Unused css
- Removed: Unused libraries
- Added: FileBird Gallery Block
- Improved: Optimize FileBird Modal
- Fixed: Can't edit Image in media setting
- Fixed: CSS corrupts site menu
- Fixed: Conflict with Menubar icon plugin
- Fixed: Uncategorised view the following error message
- Fixed: Some small bugs
- Improved: Remove unuse CSS
- Fixed: Elementor
- Fixed: List view don't load images
- Fixed: ACF plugin CSS conflict
- Fixed: Remove trigger which conflict with Divi builder
- Fixed: Conflict with Gridd Theme
- Fixed: Count uncategories items
- Added: Option turn on/off load FileBird JS at front-end for page builders
- Improved: Removed CDN for customScrollBar
- Fixed: Small bug will Elementor
- Fixed: Select option doesn't not change in modal popup upload
- Fixed: Only call move image when moving folder position
- Fixed: Go Pro version links
- Fixed: Security required
- Improved: Performance and Optimize Code
- Improved: Optimize Code
- Improved: Optimize Code
- Fixed: Sorting error in list view
- Fixed: Conflict with WordPress Customize Function
- Fixed: Some small bugs
- Fixed: "nt_wmc_folder" in Google Search Console results
- Fixed: Error in full front end Divi Page Builder editor
- Fixed: PHP notice on line 582 and 586
- Fixed: Load JS script on front end
- Fixed: Error "FileBird is loading" on Elementor builder
- Fixed: Compatible with FooGallery and Final Tiles Grid Gallery
- Fixed: Warning notice in WordPress
- Fixed: Margin Overlay
- Fixed: Other small bugs
Jul 24, 2019 – Version 2.3
* Improved: Fast append treeview
* Improved: Prevent public folders link
* Improved: CSS UI
* Fixed: Prevent plublic taxonomy folder
* Fixed: Query database callback alltime
* Fixed: FileBird treeview show on top left in product editor in WooCommerce
* Fixed: Can't drop file when create first folder
* Fixed: Work with WPML when Post Types Translation: Media tick not translatable
* Fixed: 10 folders create in Lite version
* Fixed: Bulk select moving images into folders by itself
* Fixed: Move folder with length folder text
* Fixed: Resize bar not save in min minimum width
* Fixed: Remove map file library
* Fixed: Conflict photo gallery
Jun 13, 2019 – Version 2.2
* Added: RTL display
* Added: Hebrew language
* Added: Support Advanced Custom Field
* Fixed: Create new folders in edit attachment page
* Fixed: RTL languages in Beaver and Divi builder
Jun 04, 2019 – Version 2.1
* Improved: Change drag-drop library
* Improved: Optimize drag-drop
* Improved: Change drag-drop to trigger folders, list view
* Improved: Change syntax jQuery
* Fixed: CSS not show in all folders treeview from classic editor
* Fixed: Move many files
* Fixed: Move all categories
* Fixed: Auto Deselect bulk when none file
* Fixed: Count file selected in bulk select
* Fixed: Conflict with Avada theme
* Updated: CSS
* Removed: Unused files
May 29, 2019 – Version 2.0
* Added: Treeview interface in page, post, custom post type
* Added: Treeview interface in Divi Builder, Beaver Builder, Visual Composer, WPBakery Page Builder, Elementor Builder
* Added: Treeview interface for Gutenberg
* Added: Bulk auto deselect when change folder
* Added: Compatible with WPML 4.x version
* Fixed: WPML 3.9 conflict
* Fixed: Move one file not click image
* Fixed: CSS over when edit folder
* Fixed: Load too much database
* Fixed: Treeview interface Elementor Builder
* Fixed: Upload images
* Improved: No load FileBird files on frontend if not use builder
* Improved: Optimize FileBird
* Improved: UI/UX
* Removed: Unused files
Mar 13, 2019 – Version 1.8
* Added: Compatible with Elementor
* Added: Compatible with Visual Composer
* Added: Compatible with Beaver Builder
* Added: Refresh folder
* Added: Save position for resizable sidebar
* Added: Russian Translation
* Improved: Languages and Documentation
Improved: Doesn't jump to destination folder when moving files
* Improved: CSS
* Improved: Clean code
* Fixed: Removed WordPress notification
* Fixed: Categories dropdown from Media Library popup
* Fixed: Folder structure when insert files in page/post
* Fixed: Press double clicks for OK/cancel button
* Fixed: Bulk select error
* Fixed: Scroll to view folders
* Fixed: Many small bugs
Dec 14, 2018 – Version 1.7
* Added: Drag and drop files to folders for List mode
* Added: Count items after dragging
* Added: Load effect while dragging
* Added: Hover effect (List mode and gird mode)
* Added: Show loading progress bar when upload file
* Improved: CSS
* Improved: Clean code
* Improved: Loading effect smoother
* Fixed: Resize bug when dragging back
* Fixed: Hide list attachments after load attachment
* Fixed: Conflict with 404 to 301 plugin
* Fixed: Error in Theme Customize Tab
* Fixed: Some small bugs
Aug 15, 2018 – Version 1.6
* Fixed: Some small bugs
July 2, 2018 – Version 1.5
* Added: Display location latest folder place use.
* Improved: New UI/UX
* Improved: Change icons
* Improved: CSS styles
March 28, 2018 – Version 1.4
* Improved: New drag and drop Javascript
* Fixed: JS conflicts
March 18, 2018 – Version 1.3
* Fixed: Load files in folder
* Fixed: More bugs
March 10, 2018 – Version 1.2
* Fixed: Drag and drop files
* Fixed: More bugs
March 5, 2018 – Version 1.1
* Fixed: JS conflicts
* Fixed: Drag and drop folders
May 1, 2016 – Version 1.0
* Version 1.0 Initial Release