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Stemline Therapeutics Announces Two Presentations of Direct Injection Synthetic Peptide Vaccine for Brain Cancer, Now Being Developed as SL-701, at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Cancer Research (AACR)
NEW YORK, April 18, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Stemline Therapeutics, Inc. announced that trial results of two clinical studies of direct injection synthetic peptide vaccine, now being developed as SL-701, in both adults and children with advanced brain cancer were selected for late-breaking presentations at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) held from March 31 to April 4, 2012 in Chicago, IL. SL-701 is comprised of synthetic peptides corresponding to epitopes of targets overexpressed on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and other high-grade and low-grade gliomas and administered via direct subcutaneous injection. The data were presented by investigators at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt), who developed the direct injection synthetic peptide vaccine. In 2009, the University of Pittsburgh licensed patent rights relating to the vaccine to Stemline.
In the pediatric study conducted by the Pitt team and led by Dr. Ian Pollack, 27 children were enrolled, including 16 with newly diagnosed brainstem glioma (BSG), five with newly diagnosed cerebral high grade glioma (HGG), and six with recurrent gliomas. Children were treated with the Pitt synthetic peptide vaccine, administered via direct subcutaneous injection, every three weeks for up to eight courses. Among 22 evaluable children who were HLA-A2-positive, three had sustained partial responses (PRs) including one exceeding 15 months, one had prolonged disease free status following surgery, and 14 had stable disease lasting longer than three months. In addition, the results of ELISPOT immunological assays revealed specific T-cell responses to the intended targets in six of seven children evaluated. Systemic side effects were minimal. Tumor pseudoprogression, which is transient tumor enlargement due to inflammation followed by tumor stabilization or shrinkage, occurred in four children. The research team concluded that the direct injection synthetic peptide vaccine, now being developed by Stemline as SL-701, demonstrated both immunological and clinical activity in children with malignant glioma.
In the adult study, conducted at the University of Pittsburgh and other centers, adult patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) were treated with the Pitt vaccine via direct subcutaneous injection every three weeks for eight courses. Twenty-four HLA-A2-positive patients were enrolled, including 13 with newly diagnosed high-risk LGG without prior radiotherapy, one with newly diagnosed high-risk LGG with prior radiotherapy, and 10 with recurrent LGG. Side effects were minimal with one grade 3 fever. Sustained and specific immune responses, as assessed by ELISPOT assays, were observed in the majority of evaluable patients. The research team on the adult study led by Dr. Hideho Okada at Pitt, reported that, although a thorough evaluation of progression-free survival would require a longer observation period, among 17 patients who completed eight courses, 10 had stable disease. The team concluded that the Pitt vaccine, now being developed by Stemline as SL-701, was well tolerated and demonstrated immune responses in high risk adult patients with LGG.
About Stemline Therapeutics, Inc.
Stemline Therapeutics, Inc. is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel oncology therapeutics that target both cancer stem cells (CSCs) as well as the tumor bulk. Among Stemline's drug candidates are SL-401 and SL-701, both of which have demonstrated single agent clinical activity in Phase I/II studies of advanced cancer patients. In a multicenter Phase I/II trial in patients with advanced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), SL-401 demonstrated single agent activity, including durable complete responses (CRs), and an overall survival (OS) improvement relative to historical data in the most heavily pretreated AML patients. In addition, SL-401 was well-tolerated and was not toxic to the bone marrow. SL-401 is being advanced into later stage trials in advanced AML. Stemline's second clinical stage therapeutic, SL-701, has demonstrated single agent activity including durable CRs and partial responses (PRs), as well as an OS benefit compared with historical data in Phase I/II trials of adult patients with refractory or recurrent glioblastoma and pediatric patients with malignant glioma. SL-701 is now poised for later stage trials in pediatric and adult patients with advanced brain cancer. Stemline is also developing a broad portfolio of preclinical small molecules and antibodies for a variety of solid and hematological cancer types. Many of these compounds have derived from the Company's proprietary discovery platform, StemScreen®. For more information, please visit the Company's website at www.stemline.com.
Stemline Contact:
Mark Jacobson
Director, Corporate Development
Stemline Therapeutics, Inc.
750 Lexington Avenue
Sixth Floor
Tel: 646-502-2307
Email: [email protected]
SOURCE Stemline Therapeutics, Inc


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The Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Board has approved Rserving as a Responsible Vendor Program (RVP) training provider.
If you are an individual, you will need to get certified through your establishment.
For bar managers/owners, to get your license(s) certified in the Responsible Vendor Program, you will have to initially train all your employees, then submit your paperwork. After your license(s) is certified in the RVP, new employees must be trained within 30 days.
Signing up a company for Rserving's RVP is a simple process. Just call us and pay the $95 set-up fee. For this set-up fee, Rserving will help you with your initial paperwork, help you customize the course with your establishment policies and you can begin training your employees online for only $9.98 per employee.
After all your employees are trained, Rserving will also assist you in submitting the required documentation to the Alabama ABC Board and send your policy sign posters in the mail.
Call today! 800-247-7737
Related Courses for Alabama:
The Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Board has approved Rserving as a Responsible Vendor Program (RVP) training provider.
What is the minimum age to sell/serve alcohol in Alabama?
The minimum age to sell alcohol in Alabama is any age, as long as an adult is present
The minimum age to serve alcohol in Alabama is 19 (if the establishment holds a retail restaurant license and that license is certified in the Responsible Vendor Program)
The Alabama Alcohol Beverage Control
The agency that handles Alabama liquor licensing rules and regulations in Alabama is The Alabama Alcohol Beverage Control.The Alabama Alcohol Beverage Control
(334) 271-3840
Bartending License, Responsible Vendor Program, RVP permit regulations for sellers and servers in Alabama
- AL Dram Shop Laws: Yes
- AL Happy Hour Laws: Alabama Happy Hour Laws reference the prohibited practices that result in excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages by consumers You may NOT: serve or sell two or more drinks at a price less than the number of containers actually sold - "two for the price of one." Establish a single retail price based upon the required purchase of two or more drinks. Sell or otherwise furnish drinks before 10:00 AM or after 9:00 PM at a reduced price. Sell or provide one person or a group of people on any day drinks for free or at reduced prices than those charged for the general public for that day. Conduct or sponsor contests which are determined by the amount of alcohol that is given as a price. Offer gifts to promote the sale of alcoholic beverages. Store liquor in any container other than that provided by the manufacturer. Refill any used alcoholic beverage container.
The Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Board has approved Rserving as a Responsible Vendor Program (RVP) training provider.
Can bartenders in AL work as a bartender with a felony conviction? yes
Yes. You can serve but not hold a license.

subset: commoncrawl


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Elevation of the Holy Cross
The Elevation of the Holy Cross is one of the Great Feasts of the Orthodox Church, celebrated on September 14. This feast is also referred to as the Exaltation of the Cross. This is also a popular name day for Stavroula/Stavros (from "stavros" meaning cross).
This feast commemorates two events:
- The finding of the Cross by the Empress Helen (the mother of St. Constantine the Great) on Golgotha in 326 AD, the place where Christ was crucified.
- On the spot where the Cross was discovered, St. Helen had found a hitherto unknown flower of rare beauty and fragrance, which has been named "Vasiliko," or Basil, meaning the flower of royalty. Note that the word "Vasiliko" means "of the King," since the word "Basileus" in Greek means "King"; so, the plant Vasiliko, Basil, is tied to the Precious Cross of the King of Glory, our Lord Jesus Christ.
- Underneath the Basil, the Cross of Christ was found, but with it were the other two crosses, those used to crucify the two thieves on either side of Christ. The sign with the inscription, "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews", also lay among the three crosses. In order to determine which one was the true cross, a sick woman was told to kiss each of the three crosses. The woman kissed the first cross with no result. She kissed the second cross and again nothing happened. However, when the ailing woman kissed the True Cross, she was immediately made well. It so happened that a funeral procession was passing that way, and so the body of the dead man was placed on each of the crosses, and when it was placed on the True Cross, the dead man came to life — thus the name the "Life-Giving" Cross, which gives life not only to that man, but to each person who believes in the sacrifice of Christ on the Cross and His all-glorious three day Resurrection.
- When the true Cross was identified, it was lifted on high for all the people to see, who then continually sang Kyrie eleison, a practice which is still enacted at current celebrations of this feast.
- The recovery of the Cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified from the Persians. The Persians had captured the True Cross as a prize of war when they sacked Jerusalem in 614 AD. It was recovered by the forces of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) in 627 AD, when Emperor Heraclius decisively defeated the Sassanid Persians at The Battle of Nineveh, surrounding their capital Ctesiphon, recovering the True Cross, and breaking the power of the Sassanid dynasty. The Elevation took place on March 21, 630 AD, when Emperor Heraclius entered Jerusalem amidst great rejoicing, and together with Patriarch Zacharios (609-632), transferred the Cross of Christ with great solemnity into the temple of the Resurrection, joyously held up for veneration by the Christian faithful.
This is one of the two feast days which is held as a strict fast. The other is the commemoration of the Beheading of St. John the Forerunner on August 29.
Celebration of the feast
This is a holy day of fasting and repentance. On this day the faithful make dedication to the crucified Lord and pledge their faithfulness to him by making prostrations at the Lords feet on the life creating Cross. For the feast, the Cross is placed on a tray surrounded by flowers or branches of basil, and placed in the center of the Church for veneration.
On the eve of the feast, Vespers is served and contains three Old Testament readings. The first, from Exodus 15:22-16:1, tells of the "tree" which made the bitter waters sweet, the symbol of the Tree of the Cross. The second reading is from Proverbs 3:11-18, which reminds us that the Lord chastens and corrects those whom he loves and that Divine Wisdom is "a Tree of life to those who lay hold upon her and trust in her, as in the Lord." The third reading is from the Prophecy of Isaiah 60:11-16; it tells of the "city of the Lord" where both Jews and Gentiles will live together and shall prostrate themselves at the place of God's feet and "shall know that I, the Lord, am your Savior and your Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob."
Sometimes Matins is served on the morning of the feast. The four directions of the universe are blessed with the Cross, while the faithful repeat the chant "Lord have mercy." The Matins Gospel reading is from John 12:28-36. In it Christ says that when he is elevated on the Cross he will draw all men to himself.
Divine Liturgy is served on the day on the feast. The normal antiphons are replaced by special verses from the psalms 22, 74, and 99, which have direct reference to Christ's crucifixion on the Cross. A special hymn replaces the Trisagion hymn, as it is sung, the faithful prostrate. The epistle reading is from I Corinthians 1:18-24, and says that "the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God." The gospel reading is taken from John 19:6-11, 13-20, 25-28, and 30-35 together. This long reading is the passion account.
In Ethiopia
In the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, this feast (called Mesqel) is the most significant feast-day after Pascha and Christmas. The faithful light bonfires to commemorate St. Helen's bonfire that revealed the Holy Cross, and burn daisies to symbolize the incense that descended upon the location of the Cross.[1]
- O Lord, save Thy people,
- And bless Thine inheritance.
- Grant victory to the Emperor [or "Thy people" or "the Orthodox Christians"]
- Over the barbarians, [or "their enemies"]
- And by the power of Thy Cross
- Preserve Thy commonwealth. [or "estate" or "habitation"]
Kontakion (Tone 4)
- As You were voluntarily raised upon the cross for our sake,
- Grant mercy to those who are called by Your Name, O Christ God;
- Make all Orthodox Christians glad by Your power,
- Granting them victories over their adversaries,
- By bestowing on them the Invincible trophy, Your weapon of Peace.
Instead of the Trisagion
- Before Thy Cross we bow down in worship, O Master, and Thy holy Resurrection we glorify. (Thrice)
- Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit,
- both now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.
- And Thy holy Resurrection we glorify.
- Before Thy Cross we bow down in worship, O Master, and Thy holy Resurrection we glorify.
Forefeast hymn
Troparion (Tone 4)
- We offer in supplication
- The Life-Creating Cross of Your Goodness, O Lord,
- Which You have granted to us who are unworthy:
- Save the Orthodox Christians, O only Lover of Man,
- Through the Theotokos.
Afterfeast hymn
Kontakion - Tone 4
- As You were voluntarily raised upon the cross for our sake,
- Grant mercy to those who are called by Your Name, O Christ God;
- Make all Orthodox Christians glad by Your power,
- Granting them victories over their adversaries,
- By bestowing on them the Invincible trophy, Your weapon of Peace.
See also
- Sunday of the Holy Cross
- Procession of the Precious Wood of the Life-giving Cross of the Lord
- Zacharias of Jerusalem
External links
- The Universal Exaltation of the Precious and Life-Giving Cross (GOARCH)
- The Universal Exaltation of the Precious and Life-Giving Cross - OCA web site
- Elevation of the Cross - The Orthodox Faith, by the V. Rev. Thomas Hopko
- Icons of the Elevation of the Cross
- F.C. Conybeare. Antiochus Strategos, The Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians in 614 AD. English Historical Review 25 (1910) pp. 502-517.


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About the Author:
Brian Jones spent more than 30 years working as an ASE Certified Master Tech and Parts Specialist at multiple dealerships. Brian has become an authority in the industry, traveling across the country to consult for car dealerships and contributing his expertise as a writer for several major automotive publications. In his spare time, Brian enjoys working on pickup trucks, muscle cars, Jeeps and anything related to motorsports.
See more posts from Brian Jones


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Team Building
Team Building
Bringing People Together
There genuinely is no better challenge for a Team Building exercise than Escapology. Placing you deep into a sinister plot, the importance of working as a team may literally save your life! Well figuratively speaking of course...
And whilst some people see team building activities as a 'nice break' from work, they do have a serious purpose: and that is to develop the skills and knowledge of your staff. A great team building event at Escapology can reap a range of benefits:
Build a Team
Successful organizations are all about a team. Learning about each other's strengths, weakness and interests whilst trying to accomplish your mission against a relentless deadline is a great way to create lasting memories and great friendships. It's no surprise that Escapology is rated as the number one choice for so many companies wishing to build outstanding teams.
Improved Communication
A key benefit of a properly planned team building activity is improved communication between employees. When you must achieve something and you're racing against the clock communication is vital, whether you're trying to escape a room or hitting a business deadline. Escapology will enable your team to get to know each other better and with a better understanding they will be able to focus on what they have in common rather than their differences.
Increased Collaboration
Collaboration is about knowing who has what knowledge, trusting them and their experience and being able to get access to that person when you need it. Hunting down a killer or saving the world whilst time is running out needs some serious collaboration between your team! One of the most important benefits of a properly planned team building activity is greater collaboration between employees.
Improve Productivity
By encouraging employees to learn to work together more effectively and reduce duplication of effort your employees can work more efficiently. Effective teamwork will be vital if you wish to escape so make sure you're not all chasing the same goal. Improving productivity is one of the most common objectives of team building activities.
Encourage Creativity
By stepping into a whole new world, Escapology creates an out-of-the-ordinary team building experience that will give employees permission to use their imagination to come up with creative solutions. This will in turn send the message that creativity in the workplace, and bouncing ideas off each other, is welcome.
Performance Recognition
Team building at Escapology can be used to provide recognition to employees by highlighting the work and the behaviours that have lead to the recipient receiving the recognition. By incorporating recognition into the team building you can send a strong message to every attendee about your company values.
Increase Motivation
Escape game team building activities can help increase employee motivation in a number of ways. When a group of employees 'escape' (or almost escape!) it creates momentum and makes them feel good about themselves. Solving our complex puzzles will increase employees' confidence in their, and their team's ability. A fun and challenging adventure will also show employees that you are willing to invest in them.


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While I have little trouble talking at length about home and all that it entails – its physical location, its place in my heart, who and what shares my space, its appearance and characteristics, what it means to me, how it makes me feel – I do struggle to definitively answer one question:
"What is your hometown?"
During my childhood and youth, my family moved fairly regularly (both from city to city and house to house within the same city), a practice which I continued into my adult years out on my own. As you might expect, unlike someone who was born, raised, and lived the majority of their life in one place, my first response to the "hometown question" has to be a request for clarification.
Do you mean the place…
…where I was born?
…where I spent most of my childhood years?
…where I spent my high school years?
…where I attended college or university?
…where I lived for the longest period of time?
…where I currently live?
…where my parents live?
Or perhaps, from another perspective, do you mean the place…
…that feels most like home?
…I love the most?
…I wish was my hometown?
So many questions, so many different answers – all of them accurate in their own way, yet none completely satisfactory.
I think I'd rather stick to talking about home.
How do YOU define your hometown?
Please share!
(Originally posted in April, 2012.)


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COUNTRY REPORTS - SUMMARY AND REPORTS FROM NATIONAL PARTNER LEADSCO-LAB Country Reports provide practical examples of implementing collaborative learning and teaching from the six national partners of the project.
The national experiences are also presented in the country videos, which comprise interviews with students, trainers, educators and policy makers, highlighting a variety of perspectives, useful examples and recommendations on implementing collaboration in the education system. | |


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The Little Prince® collection
Get back to your childhood with the monbento® collection dedicated to the wonderful story of The Little Prince®! Thanks to these complete lunch sets, you'll be able to share your favorite stories from the little golden-haired boy with your kids, while enjoying a homemade meal.
All grown-ups were children first. (But few of them remember it.)
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
A collection featuring a mythical scene from Saint-Exupéry's book
Get back to the Sahara Desert at lunchtime with The Little Prince®-Desert adult lunch set! MB Original bento box, MB Positive M reusable bottle and MB Pochette transport bag all reflect this unforgettable scene between the golden-haired hero and his tame fox.
Discover →
But you are innocent and true, and you come from a star…"
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
A kids collection inviting to dream of other worlds
Let the journey to other planets and asteroids begin at lunchtime with The Little Prince®- Planet kids lunch set! The young hero will follow the adventurers wherever they go, for a lunch in great company with the MB Tresor bento box and the MB Positive S reusable bottle!
Discover →
The Little Prince® - Antoine de Saint-Exupéry


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Starfangled Press
Yay you!
Sometimes simple is best. A heartfelt note quickly scribbled with a plain marker on a scrap of paper. The Marker Notes note card series combines the simplicity of a handwritten note with the characteristic traits of letterpress printing. Lush black ink and a visible deboss on plush white paper, these notecards are sure to bring even more joy to each lucky recipient.
PAPER: 110# Crane Lettra Fluorescent White Single Sheet
ENVELOPE: French Paper Co. Speckletone Kraft
CARD SIZE: A6 | 4 ½ " x 6 ¼ " | 115mm x 159mm single sheet size
BACK OF CARD: Blank with Starfangled Press logo
This Card Was Made By HandThe original artwork is hand drawn and the printing block handcrafted. Each card is then individually printed by hand on an antique printing press at our studio in the mountains of Brevard, North Carolina.
Thank You For Supporting An Independent Artist + Woman-Owned Small Business
Regular price
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To Do the Will of Our Father in Heaven: Toward a Partnership between Jews and Christians
03/12/2015 | Na stronie od 03/12/2015
Source: Dialogika resources
After nearly two millennia of mutual hostility and alienation, we Orthodox Rabbis who lead communities, institutions and seminaries in Israel, the United States and Europe recognize the historic opportunity now before us. We seek to do the will of our Father in Heaven by accepting the hand offered to us by our Christian brothers and sisters. Jews and Christians must work together as partners to address the moral challenges of our era.
- The Shoah ended 70 years ago. It was the warped climax to centuries of disrespect, oppression and rejection of Jews and the consequent enmity that developed between Jews and Christians. In retrospect it is clear that the failure to break through this contempt and engage in constructive dialogue for the good of humankind weakened resistance to evil forces of anti-Semitism that engulfed the world in murder and genocide.
- We recognize that since the Second Vatican Council the official teachings of the Catholic Church about Judaism have changed fundamentally and irrevocably. The promulgation of Nostra Aetate fifty years ago started the process of reconciliation between our two communities. Nostra Aetate and the later official Church documents it inspired unequivocally reject any form of anti-Semitism, affirm the eternal Covenant between G-d and the Jewish people, reject deicide and stress the unique relationship between Christians and Jews, who were called "our elder brothers" by Pope John Paul II and "our fathers in faith" by Pope Benedict XVI. On this basis, Catholics and other Christian officials started an honest dialogue with Jews that has grown during the last five decades. We appreciate the Church's affirmation of Israel's unique place in sacred history and the ultimate world redemption. Today Jews have experienced sincere love and respect from many Christians that have been expressed in many dialogue initiatives, meetings and conferences around the world.
- As did Maimonides and Yehudah Halevi,1 we acknowledge that the emergence of Christianity in human history is neither an accident nor an error, but the willed divine outcome and gift to the nations. In separating Judaism and Christianity, G-d willed a separation between partners with significant theological differences, not a separation between enemies. Rabbi Jacob Emden wrote that "Jesus brought a double goodness to the world. On the one hand he strengthened the Torah of Moses majestically… and not one of our Sages spoke out more emphatically concerning the immutability of the Torah. On the other hand he removed idols from the nations and obligated them in the seven commandments of Noah so that they would not behave like animals of the field, and instilled them firmly with moral traits…..Christians are congregations that work for the sake of heaven who are destined to endure, whose intent is for the sake of heaven and whose reward will not denied."2 Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch taught us that Christians "have accepted the Jewish Bible of the Old Testament as a book of Divine revelation. They profess their belief in the G-d of Heaven and Earth as proclaimed in the Bible and they acknowledge the sovereignty of Divine Providence."3 Now that the Catholic Church has acknowledged the eternal Covenant between G-d and Israel, we Jews can acknowledge the ongoing constructive validity of Christianity as our partner in world redemption, without any fear that this will be exploited for missionary purposes. As stated by the Chief Rabbinate of Israel's Bilateral Commission with the Holy See under the leadership of Rabbi Shear Yashuv Cohen, "We are no longer enemies, but unequivocal partners in articulating the essential moral values for the survival and welfare of humanity".4 Neither of us can achieve G-d's mission in this world alone.
- Both Jews and Christians have a common covenantal mission to perfect the world under the sovereignty of the Almighty, so that all humanity will call on His name and abominations will be removed from the earth. We understand the hesitation of both sides to affirm this truth and we call on our communities to overcome these fears in order to establish a relationship of trust and respect. Rabbi Hirsch also taught that the Talmud puts Christians "with regard to the duties between man and man on exactly the same level as Jews. They have a claim to the benefit of all the duties not only of justice but also of active human brotherly love." In the past relations between Christians and Jews were often seen through the adversarial relationship of Esau and Jacob, yet Rabbi Naftali Zvi Berliner (Netziv) already understood at the end of the 19th century that Jews and Christians are destined by G-d to be loving partners: "In the future when the children of Esau are moved by pure spirit to recognize the people of Israel and their virtues, then we will also be moved to recognize that Esau is our brother."5
- We Jews and Christians have more in common than what divides us: the ethical monotheism of Abraham; the relationship with the One Creator of Heaven and Earth, Who loves and cares for all of us; Jewish Sacred Scriptures; a belief in a binding tradition; and the values of life, family, compassionate righteousness, justice, inalienable freedom, universal love and ultimate world peace. Rabbi Moses Rivkis (Be'er Hagoleh) confirms this and wrote that "the Sages made reference only to the idolator of their day who did not believe in the creation of the world, the Exodus, G-d's miraculous deeds and the divinely given law. In contrast, the people among whom we are scattered believe in all these essentials of religion."6
- Our partnership in no way minimizes the ongoing differences between the two communities and two religions. We believe that G-d employs many messengers to reveal His truth, while we affirm the fundamental ethical obligations that all people have before G-d that Judaism has always taught through the universal Noahide covenant.
- In imitating G-d, Jews and Christians must offer models of service, unconditional love and holiness. We are all created in G-d's Holy Image, and Jews and Christians will remain dedicated to the Covenant by playing an active role together in redeeming the world.
- Mishneh Torah, Laws of Kings 11:4 (uncensored edition); Kuzari, section 4:22
- Seder Olam Rabbah 35-37; Sefer ha-Shimush 15-17.
- Principles of Education, "Talmudic Judaism and Society," 225-227.
- Fourth meeting of the Bilateral Commission of the Chief Rabbinate of Israel and the Holy See's Commission for Religious Relations with Jewry, Grottaferrata, Italy (19 October 2004).
- Commentary on Genesis 33:4.
- Gloss on Shulhan Arukh, Hoshen Mishpat, Section 425:5.
Initial signatories (in alphabetical order):
- Rabbi Jehoshua Ahrens (Germany)
- Rabbi Marc Angel (United States)
- Rabbi Isak Asiel (Chief Rabbi of Serbia)
- Rabbi David Bigman (Israel)
- Rabbi David Bollag (Switzerland)
- Rabbi David Brodman (Israel)
- Rabbi Natan Lopez Cardozo (Israel)
- Rabbi Kotel Dadon (Chief Rabbi of Croatia)
- Rav Yehudah Gilad (Israel)
- Rabbi Alon Goshen-Gottstein (Israel)
- Rabbi Irving Greenberg (United States)
- Rabbi Marc Raphael Guedj (Switzerland)
- Rabbi Eugene Korn (Israel)
- Rabbi Daniel Landes (Israel)
- Rabbi Benjamin Lau (Israel)
- Rabbi Simon Livson (Chief Rabbi of Finland)
- Rabbi Asher Lopatin (United States)
- Rabbi Shlomo Riskin (Israel)
- Rabbi David Rosen (Israel)
- Rabbi Naftali Rothenberg (Israel)
- Rabbi Hanan Schlesinger (Israel)
- Rabbi Shmuel Sirat (France)
- Rabbi Daniel Sperber (Israel)
- Rabbi Jeremiah Wohlberg (United States)
- Rabbi Alan Yuter (Israel)


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The active distribution network (ADN) represents the future development of distribution networks, whether the islanding phenomenon occurs or not determines the control strategy adopted by the ADN. The best wavelet packet has a better time-frequency characteristic than traditional wavelet analysis in the different signal processing, because it can extract better and more information from the signal effectively. Based on wavelet packet energy and the neural network, the islanding phenomenon of the ADN can be detected. Firstly, the wavelet packet is used to decompose current and voltage signals of the public coupling point between the distributed photovoltaic (PV) system and power grid, and calculate the energy value of each decomposed frequency band. Secondly, the network is trained using the constructed energy characteristic matrix as a neural network learning sample. At last, in order to achieve the function of identification for islanding detection, lots of samples are trained in the neural network. Based on the actual circumstance of PV operation in the ADN, the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation model of the ADN is established. After the simulation, there are good output results, which show that the method has the characteristics of high identification accuracy and strong generalization ability.
This paper proposes a fair calculation approach for the cost and emission of generators. Generators also have reactive power requirements along with the active power demand to meet up the total power demand. In this paper, firstly the reactive power is calculated considering the random active power operating points on the capability curve of a generator then the cost for reactive power generation as well as emission are calculated. In order to develop the mathematical function for the reactive power cost and reactive power emission, a curve-fitting technique is applied, which gives the generalised reactive power cost and reactive power emission functions. At the end, the problem is formulated as a multiobjective problem, considering conflicting objectives such as combined active- reactive economic dispatch and combined active-reactive emission dispatch. The problem is converted from the multiobjective load dispatch problem (MOLDP) into a scalar problem, using the weighting method and the best compromised solution has been calculated using the particle swarmoptimization (PSO) technique.Afuzzy cardinal method has been applied to choose the best solution. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of developed functions the proposed method is applied on a 3 generator unit system and a 10 generator unit system, the results obtained show its validity and effectiveness.
The article presents the consequences of the introduction of EU regulation 2016/631 for power park modules (PPMs), of which wind farms are a typical example. Analysing the yearlong course of changes in the generated power, the possibility of a typical wind farm meeting the requirements for the production and absorption of reactive power was checked. It was shown that in the selected cases it was necessary to introduce additional sources of reactive power on the side of the farm's MV.
During a blackout, after the post-disaster collapse of an electric power system (EPS), units of thermal power plants should switch-over to the house load operation mode (PPW). However, regarding the dynamics of a post-disaster blackout process, many units can be in forced outage Therefore, restart of these units from the start-up sources with a self-start capability is necessary. The Transmission Network Code in force imposes periodic tests and system tests for such sources. Any system test must be preceded and followed by simulation investigations in which the possibilities: (1) to bring voltage to the started-up power plant by a starting path and (2) to activate the highest-power auxiliaries (PW) of the unit being started-up are evaluated. In the paper, chosen results of simulative investigations of the transient phenomena in the starting path from the hydroelectric power plant of Włocławek (HPP Włocławek) to the thermal power plant of P˛atnów (TPP P˛atnów), related to the system test conducted in September 2017 have been presented.
This paper presents a study on ferroresonance occurring in a high voltage 400 kV transmission grid due to energization of power transformer under no-load conditions. The system scenarios analyzed in the present paper are considered as critical for development and modernization plans as currently announced by the national grid operator in Poland. The PSCADsimulation modelwas developed and applied for several study cases of a system with double-circuit arrangement of a transmission line. It is shown that the ferroresonant oscillations can be initiated by two-phase switching operation of a line circuit breaker. The impact of the double-circuit length on the ferroresonance mode and severity is demonstrated with the use of the Poincaré map analysis and Short Time Fourier Transform. It is demon- strated that the length of the transmission line that is mutually coupled in the double-circuit arrangement has a significant impact on the ferroresonance occurrence and on its mode. As the ferroresonance can pose severe threat to the power system components due to the severe overvoltage and overcurrent oscillations, the analysis presented in this paper demonstrates the necessity of the ferroresonance analyses for any re-designed transmission system.
Along with the increase in the use of nonlinear electronic devices, e.g. personal computers, power tools and other electrical appliances, the requirements for uninterruptible power supplies are constantly growing. This paper proposes a method and deep analysis of results viable for checking how single-phase uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) cope with nonlinear circuits under varying power loads in terms of electric energy quality.Various classes of single-phase UPS systems with different topologies were tested, for instance line-interactive and double conversion (online) single-phase UPS devices. Furthermore, measurements were carried out in view of a power source – loads were supplied both from a power grid and UPS built-in battery. Juxtaposition of the obtained results such as a THDU, THDI (Total Harmonic Distortion) percentage ratio of input/output voltage and current, a power factor and crest factor volume etc. of the tested UPS systems indicated major differences in their performance during laboratory tests.
In order to solve the problem of traditional carrier phase-shift modulation with multiple ratios or PI controllers and cumbersome tuning parameters, this paper uses improved carrier phase-shift modulation. The total turn-on number of sub-modules each bridge arm is determined by comparing the sinusoidal modulated wave with the triangular carrier, and then the control signal is generated according to the capacitance voltage sorting result and the bridge armcurrent polarity. However, this modulation method uses a sorting method that causes the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) have an excessively high switching frequency. Therefore, a sorting trigger condition that can effectively reduce the switching frequency is used. The method determines whether to reorder based on the error between the voltage average and the actual value. For the circulation problem, the double-frequency negative sequence component is extracted by rotating coordinate transformation, and it is suppressed by PI control. A 21-level MMC model was built in MATLAB/simulink to analyze the sub-module capacitor voltage fluctuation, output current, voltage distortion rate and bridge arm circulation. It is verified that the modulation method can combine the sorting algorithm and circulation suppression method at the same time, and has better voltage equalization and circulation suppression effects.
The paper presents the analysis of different fault states in drive systems with multiphase induction motors. The mathematical models of a five-phase and six-phase induction motor and the MRASCC estimator have been presented and the description of the Space Vector Modulation has been shown. The Direct Field-Oriented Control (DFOC) system is analyzed. Results of the simulation and experimental studies of the Direct Field-Oriented Control systems in the fault conditions are presented. The author's original contribution includes analysis and studies of the DFOC control method of a five-phase induction motor resistant to the motor speed sensor fault with the use of the MRASCC estimator.
With the increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs), the disordered charging of a large number of EVs will have a large influence on the power grid. The problems of charging and discharging optimization management for EVs are studied in this paper. The distribution of characteristic quantities of charging behaviour such as the starting time and charging duration are analysed. The results show that charging distribution is in line with a logarithmic normal distribution. An EV charging behaviour model is established, and error calibration is carried out. The result shows that the error is within its permitted scope. The daily EV charge load is obtained by using the Latin hypercube Monte Carlo statistical method. Genetic particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to optimize the proportion of AC 1, AC 2 and DC charging equipment, and the optimal solution can not only meet the needs of users but also reduce equipment investment and the EV peak valley difference, so the effectiveness of the method is verified.
Brushless DC motors are often used as the power sources for modern ship electric propulsion systems. Due to the electromagnetic torque ripple of the motor, the traditional control method reduces the drive performance of the motor under load changes. Aiming at the problem of the torque ripple of the DC brushless motor during a non- commutation period, this paper analysis the reasons for the torque ripple caused by pulse- width modulation (PWM), and proposes a PWM_ON_PWM method to suppress the torque ripple of the DC brushless motor. Based on the mathematical model of a DC brushless motor, this method adopts a double closed-loop control method based on fuzzy control to suppress the torque ripple of the DC brushless motor. The fuzzy control technology is integrated into the parameter tuning process of the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller to effectively improve the stability of the motor control system. Under the Matlab/Simulink platform, the response performance of different PID control methods and the torque characteristics of different PWM modulation methods are simulated and compared. The results show that the fuzzy adaptive PID control method has good dynamic response performance. It is verified that the PWM_ON_PWM modulation method can effectively suppress the torque ripple of the motor during non-commutation period, improve the stability of the double closed-loop control system and meet the driving performance of the motor under different load conditions.
The problem of a closed-form accurate determination of self and mutual capacitance of conductors in air and earth is considered: the application is the complete modeling of a railway line including buried conductors. The Generalized Potential Method (GPM) is presented and analyzed with regard to conditions of validity and solution methods. The accuracy of the GPM is evaluated solving some reference cases using the Complex Image Method and a commercial Finite Element Method simulator, comparing the model results with experimental data, and including the sensitivity on soil conductivity and permittivity, distance of conductors from the air–earth interface and frequency.
The invariant properties of the stability, reachability, observability and transfer matrices of positive linear electrical circuits with integer and fractional orders are investi- gated. It is shown that the stability, reachability, observability and transfer matrix of positive linear systems are invariant under their integer and fractional orders.
Averaged models: an AC large signal, DC and AC small signals of a current-controlled buck converter are described. Only peak current mode control of a converter working in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) is considered. The model derivation differs from the typical approaches presented in the literature and doesn't refer to the multi-loop concept of a current controlled converter. The separation of the variables method is used in the model derivation. The resulting models are presented in the form of an equation set and equivalent circuits. The calculations based on the presented models are verified by measurements and full-wave PSpice simulations.
Accurate prediction of power load plays a crucial role in the power industry and provides economic operation decisions for the power operation department. Due to the unpredictability and periodicity of power load, an improved method to deal with complex nonlinear relation was adopted, and a short-term load forecasting model combining FEW (fuzzy exponential weighting) and IHS (improved harmonic search) algorithms was proposed. Firstly, the domain space was defined, the harmony memory base was initialized, and the fuzzy logic relation was identified. Then the optimal interval length was calculated using the training sample data, and local and global optimum were updated by optimization criteria and judging criteria. Finally, the optimized parameters obtained by an IHS algorithm were applied to the FEW model and the load data of the Huludao region (2013) in Northeast China in May. The accuracy of the proposed model was verified using an evaluation criterion as the fitness function. The results of error analysis show that the model can effectively predict short-term power load data and has high stability and accuracy, which provides a reference for application of short-term prediction in other industrial fields.
The aim of this article is to present the results of research aimed at confirmation whether it is possible to form an intermediate band in GaAs implantation with H+ ions. The obtained results were discussed with particular emphasis on possible applications in the photovoltaic industry. As it is commonly known, the idea of intermediate band solar cells reveals considerable potential as the most fundamental principle of the next generation of semiconductors solar cells. In progress of the research, a series of GaAs samples were subjected to poly-energy implantation of H+ ions, followed by high-temperature annealing. Tests were conducted using thermal admittance spectroscopy, under conditions of variable ambient temperature, measuring signal frequency in order to localize deep energy levels, introduced by ion implantation. Activation energy ΔE was determined for additional energy levels resulting from the implantation of H+ ions. The method of determining the activation energy value is shown in Fig. 2 and the values read from it are σ0 = 10−9 (Ω·cm)−1 for 1000/T0 = 3.75 K−1 and σ1 = 1.34 × 10−4 (Ω·cm)−1 for 1000/T1 = 2.0 K−1. As a result, we obtain ΔE ≈ 0:58 eV. It was possible to identify a single deep level in the sample of GaAs implanted with H+ ions. Subsequently, its location in the band gap was determined by estimating the value of ΔE. However, in order to confirm whether the intermediate band was actually formed, it is necessary to perform further analyses. In particular, it is necessary to implement a new analytical model, which takes into consideration the phenomena associated with the thermally activated mechanisms of carrier transport as it was described in [13]. Moreover, the influence of certain parameters of ion implantation, post-implantation treatment and testing conditions should also be considered.
The paper presents an FE model of coupled electromagnetic and thermal phenomena in Line Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (LSPMSMs). An algorithm for solving equations of a discrete model using the FEM has been presented. On the basis of this algorithm the author's personally developed software for the analysis of coupled electromagnetic-thermal phenomena in the LSPMS motors was elaborated. This software was used to analyze the start-up process of motors with identical stator and rotor magnetic circuits and different materials of the starting cage. The start-up process of motors with the squirrel-cage made of aluminum and copper was considered. The influence of temperature on the start-up process has been taken into account. The results of simulation tests were compared with the results of measurements.
ARCHIVES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (AEE) (previously Archiwum Elektrotechniki), quarterly journal of the Polish Academy of Sciences is OpenAccess, publishing original scientific articles and short communiques from all branches of Electrical Power Engineering exclusively in English. The main fields of interest are related to the theory & engineering of the components of an electrical power system: switching devices, arresters, reactors, conductors, etc. together with basic questions of their insulation, ampacity, switching capability etc.; electrical machines and transformers; modelling & calculation of circuits; electrical & magnetic fields problems; electromagnetic compatibility; control problems; power electronics; electrical power engineering; nondestructive testing & nondestructive evaluation.
Manuscript submission:
All manuscripts should be submitted electronically on Editorial System.
Submission of paper to the Archives of Electrical Engineering is understood to imply that the article is original, unpublished and is not being considered for publication elsewhere. All articles will be reviewed. Since 2013, Authors wishing to use the facility of colour printing should consult the editors.
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Each paper submitted for publication in Archives of Electrical Engineering is subjected to the following review procedure:
a) the paper is reviewed by the editor in chief or guest editor for general suitability for publication in AEE
b) if it is judged suitable two reviewers are selected and a double blind peer review process takes place
c) based on the recommendations of the reviewers, the editor then decides whether the paper should be accepted in its present form, revised or rejected
d) the author(s) is(are) informed by e-mail on the results of the reviewing procedure.
The papers are published on average within 3 months after acceptance.
Requirements for preparation of manuscripts:
The manuscript submitted for publication should have no less than 12 pages and no more than 16 pages. In the case of the manuscript longer than 16 pages, please contact the AEE Editorial Board before submitting your paper. The manuscripts, written in UK English, should be typed using Template AEE according to the following instructions and should include: a title page with the title of a manuscript, a short title; abstract; key words, text; list of references. A DOI number as well as received and revised data will be completed by Editor. When you open Template.doc, select "Print Layout" from the "View" menu in the menu bar (View > Print Layout). Then type over sections of Template.doc or cut and paste from another document and then use markup styles (Home > Styles). For example, the style at this point in the document is "main text").
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The manuscripts are published on average within 3 months after their acceptance.
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Please use the MathML editor as well as MathType editor to build an equation in your manuscript.
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Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have been defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, sc, dc, and rms do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.
Si units are recommended for use in formulas, drawings and tables., for example the SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. Apply the center dot to separate compound units.
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Use a zero before decimal points: "0.25," not ".25." Use "cm3," not "cc."
Unit Symbols, SI Prefixes as well as Abbreviations should be writing in accordance with the IEEE standard
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The illustrations (line diagrams and photographs) should be suitable for direct reproduction. The lettering as well the details should have proportional dimensions to maintain their legibility after the usual reduction. All illustrations should be numbered consecutively (Fig. X). Tables are numbered with Arabic numerals.
All figures, figure captions, and tables in the text must be inserted into the correct places.
Figures, photos, tables or other parts of a manuscript that have previously appeared in another publication or are not the property of the authors must be properly acknowledged in the manuscript. Permission to republish these items must be obtained by the corresponding author from a person or institution holding the copyright, usually the publisher.
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Photographs, colour, and greyscale figures should be at least at a resolution of 400 dpi.
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You can use the rules presented on the site: IEEE standard.
Examples of the ways in which references should be cited are given below:
Journal manuscript
[1] Author1 A., Author2 A., Title of paper, Title of periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx (YEAR).
[1] Steentjes S., von Pfingsten G., Hombitzer M., Hameyer K., Iron-loss model with consideration of minor loops applied to FE-simulations of electrical machines, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 3945-3948 (2013).
[2] Idziak P., Computer Investigation of Diagnostic Signals in Dynamic Torque of Damaged Induction Motor, Electrical Review (in Polish), to be published.
[3] Cardwell W., Finite element analysis of transient electromagnetic-thermal phenomena in a squirrel cage motor, submitted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.
Conference manuscript
[4] Author A., Title of conference paper, Unabbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Country of Conf., pp. xxx-xxx (YEAR).
[4] Popescu M., Staton D.A., Thermal aspects in power traction motors with permanent magnets, Proceedings of XXIII Symposium Electromagnetic Phenomena in Nonlinear Circuits, Pilsen, Czech Republic, pp. 35-36 (2016).
Book, book chapter and manual
[5] Author1 A., Author2 A.B., Title of book, Name of the publisher (YEAR).
[5] Zienkiewicz O., Taylor R.L., Finite Element method, McGraw-Hill Book Company (2000).
[6] Author1 A., Author2 A., Title of patent, European Patent, EP xxx xxx (YEAR).
[6] Piech Z., Szelag W., Elevator brake with magneto-rheological fluid, European Patent, EP 2 197 774 B1 (2011).
[7] Author A., Title of thesis, PhD Thesis, Department, University, City of Univ. (YEAR).
[7] Driesen J., Coupled electromagnetic-thermal problems in electrical energy transducers, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Applied Science, K.U. Leuven, Leuven (2000).
For on electronic forms
[8] Author A., Title of article, in Title of Conference, record as it appears on the copyright page], © [applicable copyright holder of the Conference Record] (copyright year), doi: [DOI number].
[8] Kubo M., Yamamoto Y., Kondo T., Rajashekara K., Zhu B., Zero-sequence current suppression for open-end winding induction motor drive with resonant controller,in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), © APEC (2016), doi: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7468259
[9] http://www.aee.put.poznan.pl, accessed April 2010.
Authors will receive proofs for correction, which should be returned promptly. All joint contributions must indicate the name and address of the authors to whom proofs should be sent.
Fees for printing the papers in Archives of Electrical Engineering:
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The fee for the publication of an article in the AEE journal is 200 Euro.
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Preparation of manuscript for Archives of Electrical Engineering (AEE)


text:
Anonymity Letter to Media from the General Service Office of Alcoholics Anonymous
June 1, 2016
A Note of Thanks and a
Request for Continued Cooperation.
From time to time we write our friends in the media to thank them for helping us observe our long-standing tradition of anonymity for members of Alcoholics Anonymous.
First, let us express our deep gratitude to you. From the beginning of A.A. in 1935, its members have recognized that word-of-mouth is not sufficient by itself to carry the program's message of hope and recovery to the many people still suffering from alcoholism. The media has been a vital part of this effort, and today we estimate that there are more than 2 million successfully recovering members of Alcoholics Anonymous in more than 180 countries.
Second, we respectfully request that you continue to cooperate with us in maintaining the anonymity of A.A. members. The principle of anonymity is a basic tenet of our fellowship. Those who are reluctant to seek our help may overcome their fear if they are confident that their anonymity will be respected. In addition, and perhaps less understood, our tradition of anonymity acts as a restraint on A.A. members, reminding us that we are a program of principles, not personalities, and that no individual A.A. member may presume to act as a spokesman or leader of our fellowship. If an A.A. member is identified in the media, we ask that you please use first names only (e.g., Bob S. or Alice F.) and that you not use photographs or electronic images in which members' faces may be recognized.
Again, we thank you for your continued cooperation. Those who wish to know more about our fellowship are welcome to visit the "For the Media" section of aa.org. We hope you will take a moment to watch a brief video on why anonymity remains a vital principle in Alcoholics Anonymous.
Our fellowship does not comment on matters of public controversy, but we are happy to provide information about A.A. to anyone who seeks it.
Public Information Committee
of Alcoholics Anonymous
Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
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text:
Portal:Environmental engineering
Here is where participants create, organize and develop learning resources for environmental engineering. Environmental engineering is the application of scientific and engineering principles to improve the natural air, water, and/or land resources, to provide healthier water, air, and land for human habitation and for other organisms, and to unpollute polluted sites.
For your information, the "topic" namespace contains pages that are for management and organization of small academic units at Wikiversity such as departments (see: Wikiversity:Topics).
- See: Learning Projects
- See: Wikiversity:Learning model.
Learning materials and learning projects should be in the main namespace. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
- Introduction to Environmental Engineering
- Contaminated land management and site remediation
- Risk assessment
- Environmental policy and regulation development
- Solid waste management
- Hazardous waste management
- Environmental health and safety
- Natural resource management
- Noise pollution
- Geographic information system (GIS)
- Carbon capture and storage
- Pollution Remediation
- Life Cycle Analysis
Sanitary Engineering
editWikiversity uses the "learning by doing" model of education. We learn by doing.
User descriptive names for learning projects.
Related readings
editSee also
editRelated news
edit- November 2008 A green future for scrap iron
- March 2007 Bacterium could treat PCBs without the need for dredging


text:
Advertising may not be as impactful as you think
A panel at LEAD 2024 revealed that only 12% of ad campaigns have any impact on market growth.
A panel at LEAD 2024 revealed that only 12% of ad campaigns have any impact on market growth.
New Digital Age, published by Bluestripe Group, covers the latest news, insight, opinion and research on all aspects of digital media and marketing. Our aim is to be a new voice for knowledge and inspiration about the companies, technologies and people powering the next wave of disruption in our industry. We're a subsidiary of Bluestripe Group and will include news and views from our clients, in addition to other content we find interesting and that adds value to the digital media and marketing industry.
Please send all editorial enquiries to: firstname.lastname@example.com
For partnership enquiries please email us at: firstname.lastname@example.com
Built by Jigowatt – Web Design Peterborough


text:
OCEAN CITY- The first-ever Winterfest of Lights Jingle Bell Run is set for this Sunday, December 2 at Northside Park in Ocean City.
The Ocean City Recreation and Parks Department is partnering with OC Tri-Running to sponsor the inaugural Winterfest of Lights Jingle Bell Run. The event, which begins at 5 p.m. on Sunday will take place at the Winterfest of Lights in Northside Park on 125th Street in Ocean City. The race will take runners through the animated course of dazzling lights and spectacular displays. Race participants are encouraged to dress in the holiday spirit and will receive an event shirt, a glow necklace, hot chocolate and a ride on the Winterfest Express.
The cost of the event is $25 for adults and $20 for children under 12. Awards will be given to the winners in a variety of age groups. Due to the event, the first Winterfest Express tram will be delayed until roughly 6 p.m. for non-race guests. With more than one million holiday lights sparkling through Northside Park, the Winterfest of Lights Jingle Bell Run is going to be unlike other holiday races. For more information or to register, visit the OC Tri-Running website.


text:
Two Super-Earths around red dwarf K2-18
New research using data collected by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) has revealed that a little-known exoplanet called K2-18b could well be a scaled-up version of Earth.
Just as exciting, the same researchers also discovered for the first time that the planet has a neighbor.
"Being able to measure the mass and density of K2-18b was tremendous, but to discover a new exoplanet was lucky and equally exciting," says lead author Ryan Cloutier, a PhD student in U of T Scarborough's Centre for Planet Science, U of T's Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and Université de Montréal Institute for research on exoplanets (iREx).
Both planets orbit K2-18, a red-dwarf star located about 111 light-years away in the constellation Leo. When the planet K2-18b was first discovered in 2015, it was found to be orbiting within the star's habitable zone, making it an ideal candidate to have liquid surface water, a key element in harboring conditions for life as we know it.
K2-18b and its neighbor, newly discovered K2-18c, orbit the red-dwarf star k2-18 located 111 light years away in the constellation Leo. Credit: Alex Boersma
The dataset used by the researchers came from the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) using the ESO's 3.6m telescope at La Silla Observatory, in Chile. HARPS allows for measurements of radial velocities of stars, which can be affected by the presence of nearby planets, to be taken with the highest accuracy currently available. The instrument makes it possible to detect very small planets orbiting those stars.
In order to figure out whether K2-18b was a scaled-up version of Earth (mostly rock), or a scaled-down version of Neptune (mostly gas), researchers had to first figure out the planet's mass, using radial velocity measurements taken with HARPS.
"If you can get the mass and radius, you can measure the bulk density of the planet and that can tell you what the bulk of the planet is made of," says Cloutier.
After using a machine-learning approach to figure out the mass measurement, Cloutier and his team were able to determine the planet is either a mostly rocky planet with a small gaseous atmosphere – like Earth, but bigger – or a mostly water planet with a thick layer of ice on top of it.
"With the current data, we can't distinguish between those two possibilities," he says. "But with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) we can probe the atmosphere and see whether it has an extensive atmosphere or it's a planet covered in water."
The JWST, which will be launched in 2019, will be instrumental in collecting a range of data for studying the solar system, early universe and exoplanets.
"There's a lot of demand to use this telescope, so you have to be meticulous in choosing which exoplanets to look at," says René Doyon, a co-author on the paper who is also the principal investigator for NIRISS, the Canadian Space Agency instrument onboard JWST.
"K2-18b is now one of the best targets for atmospheric study, it's going to the near top of the list."
It was while looking through the data of K2-18b that Cloutier noticed something unusual. In addition to a signal occurring every 39 days from the rotation of K2-18, and one taking place every 33 days from the orbit of K2-18b, he noticed a different signal occurring every nine days.
"When we first threw the data on the table we were trying to figure out what it was. You have to ensure the signal isn't just noise, and you need to do careful analysis to verify it, but seeing that initial signal was a good indication there was another planet," Cloutier says.
Cloutier collaborated with an international team of researchers from the Observatoire Astronomique de l'Universite? de Gene?ve, the Institute for research on exoplanets (iREx), Universite? de Grenoble, U of T Scarborough, and Universidade do Porto.
While the newly described planet K2-18c is closer to its star, and probably too hot to be in the habitable zone, like K2-18b it also appears to be a Super-Earth meaning it has a mass similar to Earth. Cloutier, who had set the goal of discovering a new exoplanet within his Ph.D., considers himself very lucky to have discovered it in this dataset.
"It wasn't a eureka moment because we still had to go through a checklist of things to do in order to verify the data. Once all the boxes were checked it sunk in that, wow, this actually is a planet."
Provided by University of Toronto
Featured image: K2-18b and its neighbor, newly discovered K2-18c, orbit the red-dwarf star k2-18 located 111 light years away in the constellation Leo. Credit: Alex Boersma


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10 February 2008
An Apple By Any Other Name
Instead, let's talk about these lovely sweets. There is a tradition in the Middle East, and in fact across the Mediterranean, of preserving tiny fruits in syrup. It is quite similar to jam, but the fruits are usually kept whole and cooked in a syrup, in Greece this is called "spoon sweets." Unlike jam, where less-than perfect fruits are cooked down, the tiniest prettiest fruits are chosen for cooking in syrup, thereby preserving their beauty. They are often offered to guests, on a small plate topped with a bit of yogurt or thick cream. Standard are tiny lady apples, little pears no bigger than your thumb, teensy apricots, and figs. Dates, watermelon rinds, nuts and kumquats are other options. I've written before about the beautifully spiraled rolls of Seville orange and grapefruit peels which are cooked in the same process. And most fascinating, this technique isn't just limited to fruits, but used for vegetables too: chunks of pumpkin, tomatoes, and even the elegant baby eggplants are candied in syrup (there's a recipe in Aromas of Aleppo if you're interested).
At fancy sweet shops you might see these preserved whole fruits drained and individually wrapped in plastic, but the more home-style version is to leave the fruits in the syrup and can them or keep them in jars. Here I've used tiny lady apples that are in season now. I read recently that you should peel the apples, something I'd never bothered with before, so I tried peeling half of them, and I can tell you there's barely a difference and it is certainly not worth the effort. It is, however, essential that your core the fruits, or you'll get a mouthful of seeds, a tiny melon baller is the best tool for this.
So there you have it. Now that you know all about these sweets in syrup, you can decide what to call them yourself. I suppose a name isn't that important as long as they're as tasty as these are.
Lady Apples in Syrup
Though you want small apples for these sweets, keep in mind you have to core them, so you don't want teeny-tiny apples or you won't have any flesh left. The apples can be served as dessert on their own and also make great gifts in jars.
2 lbs lady apples
4 cups sugar
4 cups water
2 tablespoons orange blossom water or lemon juice
1. Working from the bottom of the apples, cut a cone out of the bottom, then use a small melon baller to scoop out the seeds from the center. Leave the stem attached on the top.
2. Place sugar, water, and orange blossom water in a wide deep pot. Bring to a boil, stirring so the sugar dissolves. Let boil gently for about five minutes so that the syrup is thick and viscous. Add the apples, stirring to combine. Lower the ehat and let the apples simmer gently in the syrup for 35-45 minutes. The apples should become translucent and soft but should not fall apart. The syrup will reduce somewhat but should not darken in color.
3. Remove apples with a slotted spoon to jars. Pour syrup over top. (If the syrup seems thin, you can continue to boil it until it thickens up a bit, but this shouldn't be necessary). Store in the refrigerator. Serve at room temp, with yogurt or clotted cream.
8 comments:
- Ellen said...
Looks great. My mom has an apple tree that produces smaller-than-usual apples, but I don't think I've ever come across baby apples in stores...
- February 11, 2008 at 11:07 PM
- eatme_delicious said...
Ohh what a cute little treat!
- February 12, 2008 at 2:32 AM
- aforkfulofspaghetti said...
How very pretty - and what a lovely idea! I wonder if I can find apples small enough...
- February 12, 2008 at 4:29 AM
- breadchick said...
I've never seen an apple look so pretty as that!
- February 12, 2008 at 11:22 AM
- Anonymous said...
Wowwww. You transformed those apples into something even more beautiful, they're so cute and decorative.
- February 12, 2008 at 3:37 PM
- Anonymous said...
oh my! your blog and recipes and photos are lovely. after stumbling into your pretty space, I could not help but leave a comment.I felt like I should say, Thanks.
keep it up! - February 13, 2008 at 11:09 AM
- Dori said...
It sounds so cute having all those little fruits floating in syrup...and tasty too!
- February 13, 2008 at 4:53 PM
- Cheryl said...
This is such an amazing idea. It makes me think of Fall too.
- February 14, 2008 at 9:36 AM