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your 3D printable toys supplier
Prix réduit €8,00 Prix régulier €9,00
PRE-SUPPORTED CHITUBOX V1.9.0 FILES INCLUDED!download Chitubox V1.9.0 here:https://www.chitubox.com/en/index
Images show color proposals.The download files will be provided in *.rar compression file archives.To unpack the file contents, either use WinRar (winrar.de) for windows, or The Unarchiver App (Apple App Store) for Mac OS. Both applications are free of charge.1/35 scale printable parts, snap fit assembly, no glue required.Figure height: approx. 2 inch / 5 cmThe parts come in pre-supported Chitubox files and STL file format (for all other printers, SLA, DLP and FDM).
We highly recommend to choose SLA or DLP printers!
FDM prints usually do not show the very fine detail, unless you scale up the parts.
For SLA/DLP printers, we highly recommend to use the Resione M58 or Resione TH72 or Anti-Impact resins.Resione M58 ResioneTH72 Resione Anti-ImpactFor near perfect prints, use the following settings:Bottom Layers: 5Bottom Layer Exposure Time: 50 secondsStandard Layer Exposure Time: 3.5 secondsLeave all other settings as recommended by the resin manufacturer:https://www.resione.com/pages/settings
For transparent glass parts, use Resione G217 transparent clear resin:Resione G217with a layer exposure time of 3.0 seconds.After post UV curing, submerge the transparent parts in a cup of hot water for about 5 minutes to reduce the yellowing effect.To receive full transparency and a clear and glossy glass effect, apply at least one layer of glossy clear coat with airbrush.
Wash the parts in IPA (70%-99%) for 20 minutes.UV post cure the parts: M58/G217: 20 minutes TH72: 60 minutes Anti-Impact: 60 Minutes at 70° Celsius
Assemble the parts after curing, to avoid dusting/powdering of the resin surface!
The joint fits are quite tight in the beginning, so make sure to wiggle the parts together slowly and carefully to avoid breaking parts. Should you still struggle to assemble the snap fit joints, place the parts in hot water for 30 seconds to soften them a bit, then assemble.Some printed resin tends to shrink over time (the process can go on several weeks after print) until it has fully settled it's properties. If the joints come loose, use small portions of modelling clay, like super sculpey to fill in the gaps.


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WASHINGTON – A new study by the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR) and the Center for
Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) reveals some bad news for men: they are a majority of non‐elderly adults in the United States who lack health insurance, according to an analysis of the 2009 March Current Population Survey.
One in five men ages 18‐64 – about 21.2 million –are uninsured, compared with 17.2 million women in the same age group. This gap in coverage is consistent across various demographic groups.
The group most likely to lack health insurance is younger, unmarried men—but men are less likely to
have health insurance than women at every age range.
Married men lack health insurance in greater numbers than married women before the age of 65, with
18.4 percent of married men between the ages of 26 and 34 lacking insurance.
"This disparity in health insurance between men and women is a serious problem for families," said Dr. Heidi Hartmann, President of IWPR. "With so many men lacking health insurance, I can think of no
greater gift for fathers this year than the security of knowing that they will have coverage in case of
illness. Men are often bread‐winners for their families, and family members often depend on them for
access to health insurance."
The data show that men stand to gain the most from health‐insurance reform, with 4 million more men than women ages 18 to 64 uninsured in the United States across age and marital status.
View the Fact Sheet here:
The Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR) conducts rigorous research and disseminates its
findings to address the needs of women, promote public dialogue, and strengthen families, communities, and societies. IWPR's work is supported by foundation grants, government grants and contracts, donations from individuals, and contributions from organizations and corporations. IWPR is a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization that also works in affiliation with the women's studies and public policy programs at The George Washington University.

subset: commoncrawl


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Despite rather expensive efforts to the contrary, I'm no more excited about a new Tomb Raider game than I would be to fish a quarter out of a urinal. It's not even that I have misgivings about it. I have nothing about it.
It's sort of funny, because if I were going to like a game now would be the time. A couple weeks away from daily gaming has made me crave and scrape for electronic entertainment. I tried to keep up with news when I'd make my updates, what game news there was at least - it was like gazing into a beautiful world suspended in a snowglobe. When I left, my passions were held by Raven Shield and Rise of Nations, each trying to crowd the other out and claim supremacy. Since I've been back, I've played only one game - Carcassone. You might already be familiar with the board game, but it is clear after a day or so of playing it that the computer is its natural home. It turns out that I met the product manager for the game years ago at E3, he comes over from Germany, and when I found out in a Munich sushi bar - over beer number 6 - that this was one of his projects, I began to approximate dancing. It was really only my left pinky that committed itself to the activity. In any case, he was able to scam me a copy and I've been playing it a lot.
I do apologize for having been gone so long. I did try to ameliorate this fact somewhat by posting each update, but I know that it is not exactly the same. I have a conception of you that I write to when I sit down to do these, it's a strange amalgamation of all the mail and forum posts I've read, plus my own insecurity and a B-Movie monster, maybe Mothra. So when I when I compose these, I always ask myself - would a furious, considerate, enthusiastic, violent moth appreciate it? I think you know what I'm getting at. I hope my absence has not been too much of an inconvenience.
Brenna is constantly stealing my Hiptop to put her own stupid dayplanner shit in there, navigating her complex life of Yoga and Millinery with my phone. I told her that she could have the color one when it came out, and this has appeased her for about four months, but she didn't understand that "When the color Hiptop comes out" is the same as telling a child "When pigs fly" or something to that effect. It may sound superficially as though I were acquiescing, when in fact I was denying her in the most absolute way possible. It's out now, of course. There's a lesson to be learned here, about money, or girls, but learning lessons has never really been my thing.
(CW)TB out.
if i never hear your name again
it's all the same to me


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Journal of Ban Asbestos Network of India (BANI). Asbestos Free India campaign of BANI is inspired by trade union movement and right to health campaign. BANI has been working since 2000. It works with peoples movements, doctors, researchers and activists besides trade unions, human rights, environmental, consumer and public health groups. BANI demands criminal liability for companies and medico-legal remedy for victims.
Thursday, November 24, 2016
NHRC disregards its own order against asbestos roofs, gets persuaded by a conflict of interest ridden study
Briefing Statement
NHRC disregards its own order against asbestos roofs, gets persuaded by a conflict of interest ridden study
Ignoring Supreme Court's directions and medical evidence, following ACPMA's impleadment, NHRC refrains from banning killer fibers of asbestos
India has banned asbestos mining and trade in asbestos waste but continues to import asbestos from Russia, Brazil, Kazakhstan and China
NHRC reveals "India may not support the inclusion of Chrysotile in Annexure-III at the next COP Meeting" of Rotterdam Convention disregarding domestic law that makes asbestos a hazardous substance
Ignoring gnawing public health hazard and its order about the harmful effect of asbestos, "NHRC has refrained from prohibiting use of killer mineral fibers of white asbestos. The order in Case No.2951/30/0/2011 filed by ToxicsWatch Alliance (TWA) is available on NHRC's website.
The Commission appears to have committed a grave error by merely reproducing the submission of one Assistant Industrial Advisor, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals as part of its "Directions".
NHRC has ignored its own order in Case No.693/30/97-98. The order is available on NHRC's website. In this case NHRC's direction reads: "Replace the asbestos sheets roofing with roofing made up of some other material that would not be harmful to inmates."NHRC has already decided that asbestos harmful to human health. It is evident that the NHRC considers asbestos sheets as harmful. It is noteworthy that asbestos fibers used for making asbestos based products like asbestos cement roofs etc is a ticking time bomb for lungs which causes preventable but incurable diseases and deaths.
NHRC has ignored its own statement dated June 5th, 2012, NHRC wrote, "The Commission had asked them (the central and state authorities) to share with it the information on the action taken by them with regard to the Supreme Court judgment dated the 21st January, 2011 in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 260 of 2004 on exposure to asbestos." It further wrote, "The Commission, while seeking their responses, had particularly drawn their attention the Supreme Court directions with regard to Para 16 of the Writ Petition, which are as follows: a) Ministry of Labour in the Union of India and Department of Industries and Labour in all the State Government shall ensure that the directions contained in the judgment of this Court in the case of Consumer Education and Research Centre (supra) are strictly adhered to; b) In terms of the above judgment of this Court as well as reasons stated in this judgment, we hereby direct the Union of India and the States to review safeguards in relation to primary as well as secondary exposure to asbestos keeping in mind the information supplied by the respective States in furtherance to the earlier judgment as well as fresh resolution passed by the ILO." NHRC's statement is available at: http://nhrc.nic.in/disparchive.asp?fno=2576
NHRC has ignored the decision of Kerala Human Rights Commission dated January 31, 2009 with the following recommendations: a) The State Government will replace asbestos roofs of all school buildings under its control with country tiles in a phased manner. b) The Government will take steps to see that the schools run under the private management also replace the asbestos roofs with country tiles by fixing a time frame. c) The Government should see that in future no new school is allowed to commence its functions with asbestos roofs.
It is noteworthy that "Asbestos poisoning" was highlighted in a meeting of the Core Group of NGOs that discussed Right to Environment which was held in the Commission on September 12, 2007, under the chairmanship of Justice Shri Y. Bhaskar Rao, Member NHRC.
NHRC has ignored Supreme Court's order dated January 27, 1995 and recommendation of World Health Organisation (WHO)'s outline for the Development of National Programmes for elimination of asbestos related diseases' make a case for stopping all asbestos based products to prevent the imminent public health crisis as a consequence of which more than 55 countries have banned all forms of asbestos. The Hon'ble Court's order is available at https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1657323/. This order has been reiterated in 2011 by the Hon'ble Court. The relevant WHO document is available at: http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/asbestosrelateddiseases.pdf
NHRC has ignored, Vision Statement on Environment and Human Health (Para 4.3.1) of Union Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change that reads: "Alternatives to asbestos may be used to the extent possible and use of asbestos may be phased out". (Reference:http://moef.nic.in/divisions/cpoll/envhealth/visenvhealth.pdf)
NHRC has ignored that so far some 48 countries have banned asbestos as of November 2016. These countries are : Germany, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, France, Australia, Norway, Spain, Belgium, United Kingdom, Israel, Turkey, Mauritius, Denmark, Ireland, Mozambique, Seychelles, Egypt, Netherlands, Slovakia, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Bahrain and Jordan, Gabon, South Korea, New Caledonia, Slovenia, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Brunei, Oman, Kuwait, Poland, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Gibraltar, Latvia, Portugal, Greece, Estonia, Lithuania, Qatar, Croatia, Honduras, Luxembourg, Romania, Uruguay, Cyprus, Hungary, Malta, Saudi Arabia, Czech Republic, Iceland, Serbia and Algeria.
NHRC has ignored that Dow Chemicals Company has set aside $2.2 billion in compensation fund to address future asbestos-related liabilities arising out of acquisition of Union Carbide Corporation and its Indian investments in 1999. Many manufacturers of asbestos-containing products have gone bankrupt in USA as a result of asbestos litigation.
NHRC has ignored the reply to NHRC dated May 29, 2012, Joint Secretary, Government of Uttarakhand in Case No.2951/30/0/2011, has submitted to the NHRC a document Medline Plus Trusted Health Information for You, U.S. National Library of Medicine and the prescription of National Institutes of Health (NIH) highlighting the Treatment stating: "There is no cure. Stopping exposure to asbestos is essential."
NHRC has ignored the submission of Secretary, Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh Administration which has categorically informed National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) that "a. White Asbestos (Chrysotile Asbestos) is implicated in so many studies with the following diseases:-Mesothelioma (Cancer of Pleura), Lung Cancer, Peritoneal Cancer, Asbestosis, And also consider as cause of following cancers:- Ovarian Cancer, Laryngeal Cancer, Other Cancer b. Diseases are produced in the person involved in Asbestos Industry."
It states that "No. of cancer deaths due to asbestos requires further large scale study from India". It informs, "It is definitely harmful material, causing cancer and other related diseases."
It quotes from Pulmonary Medicine journal saying, "Asbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals exploited commercially for their desirable physical properties. However, it has been proved beyond doubt that Asbestos is hazardous to humans. White asbestos has been found to have causal relationship with various diseases like pulmonary asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma leading to deaths of thousands of people every year." Considering the risk, its use has been banned more than 50 countries including Japan, European Union and Australia and efforts are being made for its prohibition in many countries.
The reply of Chandigarh Administration concludes saying, "Hence, use of white asbestos should be completely banned in India also and the same may be replaced by some safe alternative material." Chandigarh Administration has realized the public health consequences of exposure to fibers of asbestos.
In a separate reply to NHRC, Assistant Labour Commissioner, Union Territory, Chandigarh has referred to para 16 of the judgment of Hon'ble Supreme Court dated January 21, 2011 passed in Writ Petition (Civil) No.260 of 2004 wherein directions of January 27, 1995 in the Writ Petition (Civil) No. 206 of 1986 is required to be strictly adhered to. It further states, "In terms of the above judgement of this Court as well as reasons stated in this judgement, we hereby direct the Union of India and States to review safeguards in relation to primary as well as secondary exposure to asbestos keeping in mind the information supplied by the respective States in furtherance to the earlier judgement as well as fresh resolution passed by the ILO. Upon such review, further directions, consistent with law, shall be issued within a period of six months from the date of passing of this order." As to 'fresh resolution passed by the ILO', it is noteworthy that "A Resolution concerning asbestos was adopted by the International Labour Conference at its 95th Session in 2006. Noting that all forms of asbestos, including chrysotile, are classified as human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and expressing its concern that workers continue to face serious risks from asbestos exposure, particularly in asbestos removal, demolition, building maintenance, ship breaking and waste handling activities, it calls for: – the elimination of the future use of asbestos and the identification and proper management of asbestos currently in place as the most effective means to protect workers from asbestos exposure and to prevent future asbestos-related diseases and deaths." NHRC has ignored it as well.
Having ignored such glaring and indisputable scientific, medical and judicial findings, Mr. Justice H.L. Dattu headed Commission has issued the following Direction:
"Pursuant to the directions of the Commission, Dr.Rohit Misra, Assistant Industrial Advisor, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Deptt. of Chemicals and Petrochemicals, Govt. of India vide letter dated 4th July, 2016 has informed the Commission that in order to take an appropriate and scientific stand in the International Forum on the issue related to health hazards posed by Chrysotile variety of Asbestos, Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals had entrusted National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH) to carry out a study on Health Hazards/Environmental Hazards resulting from the use of Chrysotile variety of Asbestos in the country. Later, with the approval of MoS (Ind. Charge) Chemicals & Fertilizers, it was decided to set up an Inter-Ministerial Committee for considering the issue of continuance or otherwise of the use of Chrysotile variety of asbestos in India, taking into account of NIOH report and other related issues. On 27.8.2014, a meeting was held under the Chairmanship of Minister (Chemicals & Fertilizer) to consider the NIOH report. It was decided in the meeting that the NIOH report does not indicate any significant health/environment hazards resulting from the use of Chrysotile asbestos under proper conditions, coupled with the fact that asbestos products are quite cost effective for use by the masses, India may not support the inclusion of Chrysotile in Annexure-III at the COP Meeting in 2015. In the light of the above report, no further action by the Commission is called for. The case is closed." The Commission concluded on 8th August, 2016.
It is quite bizarre that views of Secretary, Medical Education & Research & Assistant Labour Commissioner, Chandigarh Administration and Joint Secretary, Uttarakhand Government have been disregarded and NHRC allowed itself to be persuaded by views of Assistant Industrial Advisor, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers. It is the same ministry which is dealing with public health disaster caused due to industrial disaster of Bhopal. This ministry's callousness towards public health concerns due to hazardous chemicals and pesticides is well known. It does not even have the inventory all the chemicals used in the country and a register of its ill effects on human health and environment.
It is indeed quite strange that NHRC has ignored Union Ministry of Labour's concept paper that declares, "The Government of India is considering the ban on use of chrysotile asbestos in India to protect the workers and the general population against primary and secondary exposure to Chrysotile form of Asbestos. The Concept paper of the Central Government notes, "Asbestosis is yet another occupational disease of the Lungs which is on an increase under similar circumstances warranting concerted efforts of all stake holders to evolve strategies to curb this menace". (Reference: http://www.labour.nic.in/lc/Background%20note.pdf)
As to NIOH study, while one disagrees with the findings of the conflict of interest ridden study conducted by the National Institute of Occupational Health, (NIOH), it is evident that even this study does not state that chrysotile asbestos is not a hazardous chemical. Had NIOH study concluded that Chrysotile Asbestos is not a hazardous chemical it may have become relevant. But even then it would have been legally unsustainable because under Indian laws chrysotile asbestos is a hazardous chemical.
NHRC ignored the fact that Union Minister of State for Environment and Forests had informed the Rajya Sabha in a written reply that the study of the health status of the workers and the residents in the vicinity of the asbestos industry by NIOH, Ahmedabad was co-sponsored by the Asbestos Cement Products Manufactures Association (ACPMA). Out of a total of Rs. 59.66 lacs allocated for the study by Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, the Asbestos Cement Products Manufactures Association has contributed Rs. 16 lacs. Reference: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=36794
NHRC has ignored that fact that every Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Report of every asbestos based factory itself admits that asbestos is a hazardous substance. The EIA report is prepared under EIA Notification notified under Environment Protection Act, 1986.
ToxicsWatch Alliance (TWA), the complainant before the NHRC got a reply based on Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals (DCPC)'s note dated June 18, 2013 from Union Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) on the issue of Government of Indias position on hazardous substance chrysotile asbestos at the Sixth Conference of Parties of (CoP-6) of the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade held during April 28-May 10, 2013 in Switzerland.
As to NIOH's role, a perusal of the 7 page long note of the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals (DCPC), Union Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers on the subject of Chrysotile Asbestos titled "Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals View on the use of Chrysotile Asbestos" in the country along with MoEF 's letter reveals that the contention of MoEF based DCPC's note stating that "On the basis of the said note, the listing of Chrysotile Asbestos under Annex -A of Rotterdam Convention at CoP-6 during April 28th -May 10th 2013 at Geneva could not be supported" was/is misplaced. The note of the "line department", i.e. Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals (DCPC), Union Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers on the subject chrysotile asbestos illustrates that it has failed to understand the purpose of the Rotterdam Convention and ignorance about the objective of the Convention.
NHRC has ignored the objective of Article 1 of the Rotterdam Convention which reads: "The objective of this Convention is to promote shared responsibility and cooperative efforts among Parties in the international trade of certain hazardous chemicals in order to protect human health and the environment from potential harm and to contribute to their environmentally sound use, by facilitating information exchange about their characteristics, by providing for a national decision-making process on their import and export and by disseminating these decisions to Parties."
NHRC has been kept in dark about the concluding sentence of the DCPC's note which reads: "In view of the above, India may take a stand in the next CoP meeting of Rotterdam Convention for not inclusion of chrysotile asbestos in Annexure-III of Convention."
NHRC has ignored the fact that the note is irrelevant from the point of view of the objective of the Convention for which it was prepared.
NHRC has ignored that the NIOH study which has been mentioned was admittedly tainted because of proven conflict of interest and thus its inference was questionable. This was admitted in the Parliament by the Labour Minister and the Environment Minister. The Press Information Bureau (PIB) release with regard to the same is available on its website.
It is submitted that the flawed conclusion of the DCPC's note titled "Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals' View on the use of Chrysotile Asbestos in the country" is based on manifestly flawed reasoning.
NHRC has ignored the fact that at the first meeting, the Chemical Review Committee (CRC) under the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, the committee agreed to recommend to the Conference of the Parties that Chrysotile Asbestos should be listed in Annex III of the Rotterdam Convention. The CRC is a group of government designated experts established in line with Article 18 of the Convention that evaluates candidate chemicals for possible inclusion in the Convention. Chrysotile (serpentine forms of asbestos) is included in the PIC procedure as an industrial chemical.
NHRC has failed to appreciate that what is poisonous and hazardous within India cannot be deemed non-poisonous and non-hazardous under the unscientific influence of DCPC and Asbestos Cement Products Manufacturers Association (ACPMA) at the conference of Parties of Rotterdam Convention. DCPC's untenable position is ridiculous.
NHRC has ignored the fact that the Union Ministry of Finance has announcement that asbestos related diseases will be covered under Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (National Health Insurance Scheme) is an acknowledgement of the fact that asbestos is a health hazard although this is hardly sufficient in the absence of environmental and occupational infrastructure.
NHRC has not been able to get the report of the 13 member- Advisory Committee of Union Ministry of Labour which has been set up to implement Supreme Court's order. This Advisory Committee is supposed to incorporate the ILO resolution of 2006 in the matter of asbestos as per Supreme Court's order of 1995 and 2011 under the Chairmanship of Joint Secretary, Union Ministry of Labour but as of November 20, 2016, the Advisory Committee has not submitted its report despite the fact that more than 4 years have passed since it was entrusted the task on January 23, 2012. The ministry is supposed to incorporate specific directions of the Court with regard to fresh ILO Resolution of June 14, 2006 introducing a ban on all mining, manufacture, recycling and use of all forms of asbestos besides WHO"s resolution of 2005 seeking elimination of future use of asbestos.
NHRC has ignored the approval and the recommendations of the Chemical Review Committee under Rotterdam Convention that has endorsed listing of chrysotile asbestos in the PIC list of hazardous substances.
NHRC has ignored the fact that Government of India's Environmental Impact Assessment, Guidance Manual for Asbestos Based Industries. The Manual refers to WHO's "Environmental Health Criteria 203; Chrysotile Asbestos (http://www.who.int/en/)" but fails to incorporate the criteria. Although requirements underlined in the Manual has neither been complied with in the past nor are they being adhered to at the present and it is quite unlikely that it will be done in future, NHRC has failed to apply it mind to such grave situation.
NHRC ignores that the official Inventory of Hazardous Chemicals Import in India lists "Asbestos" at serial no. 26 as one of the 180 hazardous chemicals in international trade which is imported in India. This inventory has been prepared by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), under Union Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India."
NHRC ignores that Schedule I of Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 provides the List of Processes Generating Hazardous Wastes. The list has 36 processes generating hazardous wastes. It may be noted that Production of Asbestos or Asbestos containing materials which generates Asbestos-containing residues, Discarded Asbestos, Dust/particulates from exhaust gas treatment is at the serial no. 15 in the list.
NHRC has ignored that Schedule VI of Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 that provides List of Hazardous Wastes Prohibited for Import and Export. The list had 30 such hazardous wastes which are also covered under UN"s Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. The list mentions Waste Asbestos (Dust and Fibers) at serial no. 16 with its Basel No. A2050.
NHRC has ignored that even under Factories Act, 1948, the List of 29 industries involving hazardous processes is given under Section 2 (cb), Schedule First, asbestos is mentioned at serial no. 24. The Act defines "hazardous process" as "any process or activity in relation to an industry specified in the First Schedule where, unless special care is taken, raw materials used therein or the intermediate or finished products, bye-products, wastes or effluents thereof would--(i) cause material impairment to the health of the persons engaged in or connected therewith, or (ii) result in the pollution of the general environment". This leaves no doubt that asbestos is a hazardous substance. The Act is available at:
NHRC has ignored the findings of Supreme Court constituted High Powered Committee (HPC) headed by Prof. MGK. Menon (by order dated October 13, 1997) for examination of all matters relating to hazardous wastes. The HPC had dealt with issues of asbestos based industries and their wastes. Based on it the Court has passed the landmark order of October 14, 2003 seeking prior decontamination of ships in the country of export before it is allowed in Indian waters. In compliance of this order which established Basel Convention as part of right to life, the end-of-life ships need to be decontaminated of asbestos and asbestos wastes before they are allowed entry in Indian waters.
NHRC has ignored the findings of Supreme Court constituted Technical Experts Committee on Hazardous Wastes relating to Ship-breaking in 2006-7 that had asked National Institute of Occupational Health, (NIOH) to undertake an epidemiological study was planned to find out the magnitude of asbestos related health problems and other disorders among ship breaking workers. The study observed that 15 (16 %) of 94 workers occupationally exposed to asbestos showed linear shadows on chest X-rays, and 26 workers (39%) showed restrictive impairment. But despite Supreme Court's order dated January 27, 1995 fixing Rs 1 lakh for victims of asbestos related diseases these workers have not been compensated.
NHRC has ignored the fact that the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transportation of Dangerous Goods classifies Chrysotile Asbestos in Hazard Class and Packing Group, UN number 2590, Class 9 – Miscellaneous dangerous goods and articles. Its International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code is UN No: 2590: Class or division 9.
NHRC has ignored the fact that on June 22, 2011 Indian delegation led by Ms. Mira Mehrishi, Additional Secretary, had supported the listing of Chrysotile asbestos as a hazardous chemical substance at the fifth meeting on Rotterdam Convention amidst standing ovation.
NHRC ignored the Working Group of a Planning Commission on Occupational Safety and Health for the Xth Five Year Plan at the workplace in its 159 page report dated September 2001, the Working Group which noted that "The workers are also exposed to a host of hazardous substances, which have a potential to cause serious occupational diseases such as asbestosis…" It has recorded that various studies conducted by the Central Labour Institute have revealed substantial prevalence of occupational health disorders amongst the workers such as Asbestosis. The prevalence rate for Asbestosis was reported to be 7.25%."
In its report dated August 01, 2011, NHRC provided details of its interventions including Banning use of white asbestos (Case No.2951/30/0/2011), wherein it claimed "The Commission took cognizance of a complaint that about fifty thousand people die every year in the country from asbestos-related cancer. The complainant requested the Commission's intervention to ban chrysotile asbestos (white asbestos), which is used on walls and roofs claiming that it caused various incurable diseases, and that the Government illogically had technically banned the mining of asbestos but allowed its import from countries which do not let it be used domestically. The Commission issued notices to the Secretaries of the Union Ministries of Chemical & Fertilizers, Environment & Forest, Health & Family Welfare, Industry & Commerce, and Labour and to the Chief Secretaries of all States and Union Territories, calling for reports on the issues raised in the complaint."
NHRC issued a Press Release dated 6th July, 2011 wherein it observed, "Citing contradictory position of the Government on the issue the complainant Gopal Krishna of Toxics Watch Alliance has alleged that though the mining of Asbestos has been technically banned by the government, but it allows its import and that too from the countries which do not prefer its domestic use." NHRC release reads: "It is also alleged that white Asbestos is considered a hazardous chemical substance for environment by a number of countries in the world. However, it is being used in a number of industries in India affecting the workers employed their in. The complainant has also requested for grant of a compensation package for present and future victims of Asbestos diseases." NHRC has failed to appreciate that Russia, the world's biggest asbestos producer remains India's biggest supplier of raw asbestos given the fact that India has banned asbestos mining because of its deleterious impact on health. India remains the world's biggest asbestos importer. India is consuming 15 % of the total world asbestos production, as per US Geological Survey estimates.
It is germane to recall that Asbestos Cement Products Manufacturers Association (ACPMA) had filed a case against TWA and NHRC in Delhi High Court through W.P. (C) 2682/2012 and C.M. No. 5765/2012 "seeking impleadment before the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is not being actioned while the NHRC is seeking to proceed with its enquiry in respect of allegations which would in fact affects the petitioner and its members." Following ACPMA's impleadment, this case was disposed off on 14th May, 2013 after 11 hearings in the High Court. Justice Rajiv Shakdher May 14, 2013 two page order reads: "The Registrar, NHRC is present in court.After a detailed hearing, counsels for the parties submit that the controversy in this case can be cut short with the petitioner making a request for inspection. It is further agreed that, in case the petitioner requires copies of specific material filed before the Commission, the same would be supplied unless it is already available in public domain. It is ordered accordingly. In so far as the application for impleadment is concerned, I am informed by the learned counsel for the Commission and the learned Registrar that the petitioner has already been given a right to appear before the Commission so as to enable the petitioner to present its case. This is reflected in the Commission's order dated 15.10.2012. It is, in fact, the grievance of the counsel for respondent no. 1 that the petitioner has not made a representation; though it is contended by Mr Virmani, that the same was not done because the relevant material was not made available to the petitioner. In view of the aforesaid statements of parties, time for making a representation is extended by another six weeks. I am also informed by the counsel for the Commission that the next date of hearing in the matter is fixed on 15.07.2013. Needless to say, as indicated above in terms of the Commission's order dated 15.10.2012, the petitioner will have the liberty to appear and present its case before the Commission. The writ petition is not pressed any further by the learned counsel for the petitioner. The writ petition is, accordingly, disposed of with the aforesaid statements of the parties on record." Mr Rajeev K. Virmani was the Senior Advocate who appeared on behalf of ACPMA which claims to be a non-profit organization.
Prior to this ACPMA had filed an RTI application with NHRC seeking copy of the complaint made before NHRC by TWA. TWA had objected to its disclosure prior to Commission's verdict but CIC arrived at a decision saying ACPMA "has the right to have a copy of the complaint made by Shri Gopal Krishna of Toxics Watch Alliance against the appellant's Association more so in view of the fact that they have been directed to appear before the Commission on 31.12.2012 to present their case" although this was contrary to decision of the NHRC adopted in the meeting pertaining to Administrative Business held on 15.12.2009 held: "that copies of reports on specific complaints submitted by the investigation team of the Commission or by Commission's authorized representatives or received from the Government or other authorities may be supplied under the RTI only after final order is passed in the case".
In February 2016, Justice Dattu began serving as the chairperson of the NHRC. Prior to him Justice K G Balakrishnan and Justice Cyriac Joseph headed the Commission that looked in to the issue of banning use of White Asbestos. It appears that concerned institutions got intimidated by the influence of asbestos industry through its non profit NGO, ACPMA. The "Direction" of NHRC is a setback to public health amidst epidemic of asbestos related diseases.
For Details: Gopal Krishna, Ban Asbestos Network of India (BANI)/ToxicsWatch Alliance (TWA), Mb: 09818089660, 08227816731, Email: email@example.com, Web: http://www.asbestosfreeindia.org, www.toxicswatch.org
1 comment:
- john smith said...
We hear about asbestos testing and wonder why it is so important? You will even find some writers and bloggers try to convince you there are no dangers related to asbestos exposure Asbestos testing
- January 30, 2018 at 4:42 AM
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Free Engineering Video Lectures
This is a follow up post to an earlier Engineering Video Lectures post which mostly contained Electrical Engineering video lectures.
Basic Electronics
Course syllabus:
1. Introduction to Basic Electronics. 2, 3. Electronic Devices 4. Some Useful Laws in Basic Electronics. 5. Some Useful Theorems in Basic Electronics. 6. Semi Conductor Diodes. 7. Applications of Diodes. 8. Wave Shaping using Diodes. 9. Zener Diode Characteristics. 10. Transistors. 11. Transistor Biasing. 12. Transistor Biasing. 13. Basic Characteristic of an Amplifer. 14. Hybrid Equivalent Circuit, H-Parameters. 15. Circuit Analysis using H-Parameters. 16. Frequency Response of Amplifiers. 17. Frequency Analysis. 18. Power Amplifiers. 19. Differential Amplifiers CKT. 20. Integrated Chip. 21. Typical Characteristic of Operation Amplifier. 22. Four Types of Feed Back. 23. Four Types of Feed Back. 24, 25. Mathematical Operations. 26. Mathematical Operations. 27. Characteristics of Operation Amplifier. 28, 29. Characteristics of Operation Amplifier. 30. Inverter/Non-Inverter Circuits. 35. Oscillatiors. 36. Logarthmic and Anti-Logarthmic Amplifer. 37. Filters. 38. Unit Junction Transistor. 39. Silicion Controlled Rectifier. 40. Field Effect Transistor.
Digital Circuits and Systems
Course syllabus:
1, 2. Introduction to Digital Circuits. 3. Combinatioal Logic Basics. 4. Combinatioal Circuits. 5. Logic Simplification. 6. Karnaugh Maps And Implicants. 7. Logic Minimization Using Karnaugh Maps. 8. Karnaugh Map Minimization Using Maxterms. 9. Code Converters. 10. Parity Generator And Display Decoder. 11. Arithmetic Circuits. 12. Cary Look Ahead Adders. 13. Subtractors. 14. 2's Complement Subtractor And BCD Adder. 15. Array Multiplier. 16. Introduction to Sequential Circuits. 17. S-R, J-K and D Flip Flops. 18. J-K and T Flip Flops. 19. Triggering Mechanisms of Flip Flops and Counters. 20. Up/Down Counters. 21. Shift Registers. 22. Application of Shift Registers. 23. State Machines. 24. Design of Synchronous Sequential Circuits. 25. Design Using J-K Flip Flop. 26. Mealy and Moore Circuits. 27. Pattern Detector. 28. MSI and LSI Based Design. 29. Multiplexer Based Design. 30. Encoders and Decorders. 31. Programmable Logic Devices. 32. Design using Programmable Logic Devices. 33. Design using Programmable Logic Devices. 34, 35. MSI & LSI based Implementation of Sequential Circuits. 36. Design of Circuits Using MSI Sequential Blocks. 37, 38. System Design Example. 39. System Design Using the Concept of Controllers. 40. System Design Using the Concept of Controllers.
High Speed Devices & Circuits
Course syllabus:
1. Introduction to Basic Concepts. 2. Requirements of High Speed Devices, Circuits & Materials 3. Classifications & Properties of Compound Semicond. 4, 5. Temary Compound Semiconductor and their Application. 6. Crystal Structures in GaAs. 7. Dopants and impurities in GaAs and InP. 8. Brief Overview of GaAs Technology for High Speed. 9. Epitaxial Techniques for GaAs High Speed Devices. 10. MBE and LPE for GaAs Epitaxy. 11. GaAs and InP Devices for Microelectronics. 12-14. Metal Semiconductor contacts for MESFET. 15. Ohmic Contacts on Semiconductors. 16. Fermi Level Pinning & Schottky Barrier Diodes. 17, 18. Schottky Barrier Diodes. 19. Causes of Non-Idealities-Schottky Barrier Diodes. 20. MESFET Operation & I-V Characteristics. 21. MESFET I-V Characteristics Shockley's Model. 22. MESFET Shockley's Model and Velocity saturation. 23. MESFET Velocity Saturation effect. 24. MESFET Drain Current Saturation. 25. MESFET Effects of Channel Length. 26. MESFET: Effects of Velocity Saturation. 27. Velocity Field Characteristics. 28. MESFET-SAINT. 29. SELF Aligned MESFET-SAINT. 30. Hetero Junctions. 31, 32. Hetero Junctions & HEMT. 33. High Electron Mobility Transistor. 34. HEMT-off Voltage. 35. HEMT I-V Characteristics and Transconductance. 36. Indium Phosphide Based HEMT. 37. Pseudomorphic HEMT. 38-41. Hetrojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT).
Solid State Devices
Course syllabus:
1. Introduction. 2. Evolution and Uniqueness of Semiconductor Technolo. 3-11. Equilibrium and Carrier Concetration. 12-14. Carrier Transport. 15, 16. Excess Carriers. 17, 18. Procedure for Device Analysis. 19-25. PN Junction. 26-32. Bipolar Junction Transistor. 33-37. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) Junction. 38-41. MOS Field Effect Transistor.
Power System Generation, Transmission and Distribution
Course syllabus:
1. Electric Energy Systems. 3. Conventional Sources of Electric Energy. 4. Hydroelectric Power Generation. 5. Non Conventional Energy Sources. 6. Renewable Energy 7. Energy Storage. 8. Deregulation. 9. Air Pollutants. 10. Transmission Line Parameters. 11. Capacitance of Transmission Lines. 12. Characteristics and Performance of Transmission. 13. Voltage Regulation. 14. Power Flow through a line. 15. Methods of Voltage Control. 16. Compensation of Transmission Lines. 17. Compensation of Transmission Lines 18. Underground Cables. 20. Insulators for Overhead Lines. 21, 22. HVDC. 23. Distrubution Systems. 24. Automatic Generation Control. 26. Load Flow Studies. 27, 28. Load Flow Problem. 29. Newton Raphson (NR). 30. Fast Decoupled Load Flow. 31. Control of Voltage Profile. 32. Optimal System Operation. 33. Optimal Unit Commitment. 35. Optimal Load Flow.
Transmission Lines and Electromagnetic (EM) Waves
Course syllabus:
1. Transmission Lines: Treansmission line model, telegraphist equations, characteristic impedance, and velocity. Termination, reflection, input impedance, and standing waves (resonance). Applications of transmission lines. Artificial tlines, dispersion relation, and group velocity.
2. Microwave circuits: Power dividers, directional couplers, and microstrip filters.
3. EM Waves: Electric fields. Magnetic fields. Electromagnetic induction. Displacement currents; Maxwell's Equations. Electromagnetic Properties of Matter. Dielectric, ferroelectricity; dielectrophoresis. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism; diamagnetic levitation. EM wave propagation in free space and dielectric, polarization, and Poynting theorem. EM wave propagation in a good/perfect conductor; plasma oscillation. Waveguides. Parallel plate waveguides and general formulation for guided waves; propagation modes (TE, TM, and TEM). Rectangular waveguides. Waveguides Resonators (Cavities). Strip resonators, dielectric resonators, ring resonators, and Fabry-Perot resonators.
4. Radiation and Antennae: Radiation Fundamentals. Electrodynamics, retarded potential, and Wienard-Richard potential. Radiation from a Dipole
topics. Near- and far-field calculation, radiation resistance, antenna patterns, and
dipole antennae. Various Antenna Types. Dipole antennae, loop antennae, and phased-array antennae. Receiving Antennas.
Digital VLSI System Design
Course syllabus:
1. Introduction to VLSI Design. 2. Combinational Circuit Design. 3. Programmable Logic Devices. 4. Programmable Array Logic. 5. Review of Flip-Flops. 6. Sequentional Circuits. 7. Sequentional Circuits Design. 8. MSI Implementation of Sequential Circuits. 9. Design of Sequentional CircuitsUsing One Hot Contr. 10. Verilog Modeling of Combinational Circuits. 11, 13. Modeling of Verilog Sequential Circuits. 13. RTL Coding Guidelines. 14, 15. Coding Organization - Complete Realization. 16. Writing a Test Bench. 17. System Design Using ASM Chart. 18. Examples, System Design Using ASM Chart. 19, 20. Examples of System Design Using Sequentional Circuits. 21, 22. Microprogrammed Design. 23. Design Flow of VLSI Circuits. 24, 25. Simulation of Combinational Circuits. 26, 27. Analysis of Waveforms Using Modelsim. 28. Modelsim Simulation Tool. 29, 30. Synthesis Tool. 31. Synplify Tool - Schematic Circuit Diagram. 32. Technology View using Synplify Tool. 33. Synopsys Full and Parallel Cases. 34, 35. Xilink Place & Route Tool. 36. PCI Arbiter Design Using ASM Chart. 37. Design of Memories - ROM. 38. Design of Memories - RAM. 39. Design of External RAM. 40-42. Design of Arithmetic Circuits. 43-47. System Design Examples. 48, 49. System Design Examples Using FPGA Board. 50. Advanced Features of Xilink Project Navigator.
Refrigeration and Airconditioning
Course syllabus:
1. History of Refrigeration. 2. Refrigerant Compressors and Development. 3. Applications of RTAC. 4. Review of Fundamentals. 6. Fundamentals of Fluid Flow. 7. Fundamentals of Heat Transfer. 8. Methods of Producing Low Temperatures. 9. Air Cycle Refrigeration Systems. 10. Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems. 11. Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems. 12, 13. Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems(contd.). 14-17. Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Systems. 18-19. Worked Out Examples (Problems and Solutions) 20-25. Compressor. 26, 27. Condensers. 28. Condensers and Evaporators. 30, 31. Expansion Devices. 32. Analysis of Complete Vapour Compression System. 33. Refrigerants. 34. Psychrometry. 35. Psychrometric Processes. 36. Inside Design Conditions Thermal Comfort. 37. Psychrometry of Air Conditioning Systems. 38. Air Conditioning Systems. 39. Cooling & Heating Load Calculations. 40-42. Cooling and Heating Load Calculations. 43. Selection of Air Conditioning Systems. 44-45. Transmission and Distribution of Air. 46. Space Air Distribution.
Water & Wastewater Engineering
Course syllabus:
1. Introduction to Water & Waste Water Engineering. 2. Water and Waste. Water Quality Enhancement. 3, 4. Water Quality Estimation. 5, 6. Water Characteristics. 7. Water Treatment System Unit Operations. 8, 9. Sedimentation. 10, 11. Coagulation and Flocculation. 12. Softening. 13, 14. Filtration. 15. Disinfection. 16. Introduction to Domestic Waster. Water Treatment. 17. Physical Unit Processes for Waste Water Treatmen. 18, 19. Introduction to Microbiology. 20. Waste Water Treatment Reactor Analysis. 21. Biological Unit Processes. Activated Sludge Process. 22, 23. Activated Sludge Process Modifications. 24. Aeration, Nitrification and Denitrification. 25. Natural Waste Water Treatment Systems: Ponds & Lagoo. 26. Attached Growth Aerobic Process. 27, 28, 29, 30, 31. Anaerobic Treatment. UASB. Sludge Treatment. 32. Wastewater Disposal and Reuse. 33. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. 34. Adsorption. 35. Ion Exchange, Advanced Oxidation Processes. 36. Industrial Wastewater Treatment. 37. Water Distribution Networks. 38. Sanitary Sewerage System. 39. Stormwater Sewerage System. 40. Intake structures and Pumping Installations.
Prestressed Concrete Structures
Course syllabus:
1. Prestressing System. 2. Type of Prestressing. 3, 4. Prestressing System and Devices (Pre-Tensioning). 5. Concrete 6. Concrete, Grout. 7. Prestressing Steel. 8. Losses in Prestress. 9. Friction & Anchorage Slip. 10. Creep, Shrinkage and Relaxation Losses. 11. Analysis of Members. 12. Analysis of Members Under Flexure. 13. Cracking Moment, Kern Point and Pressure Line. 14. Analysis of Rectangular sections. 15. Analysis of Flanged Sections. 16. Analysis of Partically Prestressed Section. 17. Design of Members. 18. Design of Members for Flexure (Type 1 Members). 19. Design of Members for Flexure (Type2 & Type3). 20. Choice of Sections and Determination of Limiting. 21. Magnel's Graphical Method. 22. Detailing Requirements. 23. Analysis and Design for Shear and Torsion. 24, 25. Design for Shear. 26-28. Analysis of Torsion. 29. Calculations of Deflection and Crack Width. 30. Transmission of Prestress. 31. Post-tensioned Members. 32. Cantilever Beams. 33, 34. Continuous Beams 35. Composite Sections. 36. One-Way Slabs. 37, 38. Two-Way Slabs. 39. Compression Members. 40. Circular Prestressing.
Advanced Strength of Materials
Course topics:
Stresses, Principal Stresses, Strain Energy. Failure Criteria. Plastic Torsion & Noncircular Shafts. Plastic Bending & Curved Beams. Deflection Of Beams. Unsymmetric Bending Of Beams. Columns. Energy Methods. Beams On Elastic Foundations.
Mechanical Measurements and Metrology
Course syllabus:
1. Introduction to the Study of Mechanical Measuremen. 2, 3. Errors in Measurement. 4. Propagation of Errors. 5, 6. Regression Analysis. 7, 8. Design of Experiments. 9. Temperature Measurement. 10. Overview of Thermometry. 11, 12. Thermoelectric Thermometry. 13. Measurement of Temperature Under Various Conditio. 14. Errors in Temperature Measurement. 15. Measurement of Transient Temperature and Resistan. 16. Resistance Thermometry. 17. Resistance Thermometry and Pyrometry. 18, 19. Pyrometry. 20-23. Pressure Measurement. 24. Transient Response of Pressure Transducers. 25. Transient Response of Pressure Transducers. 26. Measurement of High Vacuum. 27. Measurement of Fluid Velocity. 28. Hot Wire Anemometry and Laser Doppler Velocimetry. 29. Laser Doppler Velocimetry and Ultrasonic Methods. 30, 31. Measurement of Heat Flux. 32. Trasient Method of Heat Flux Measurement. 33. Measurement of Volume and Mass Flow Rate of Fluid. 34. Flow Measuring Devices. 35. Measurement of Stagnation and Bulk Mean Temperatu. 36. Measurement of Themo-Physical Properties. 37. Measurement of Thermal Conductivity. 38. Measurement of Heat Capacity and Heating Value. 39, 40. Measurement of Viscosity. 41. Integrating Sphere and Measurement of Emissivity. 42, 43. Measurements of Gas Composition. 44. Measurements of Gas Composition and Smoke. 45. Measurement of Force. 46. Force Measurement. 47. Vibration and Acceleration Measurement. 48. Laser Doppler Accelerometer, Speed, Torque. 49. General Issues in Mechanical Mearurement.
Kinematics of Machines
Course topics:
Kinematic concepts: Links, kinematic pairs, kinematic chains, mechanism and inversions, single and double slider crank chains, straight line motion mechanisms, Velocity and acceleration. Relative velocity methods, instantaneous center of rotation, centroids, acceleration diagram, acceleration center. Friction devices, introduction to friction, belt, chain arnd rope drive, transmission of power through friction clutch, fundamental law of gearing, classification of gears and basic terminology. Geometric and kinematic characteristics of involute and cycloidal tooth profiles, under cutting and interference, gear trains, simple, compound and planetary, tooth load and torque. Balancing: balancing of revolving in the same irlane by a single revolving mass, balancing of several revolving masses in different planes by two revolving masses in suitable planes.
Dynamics of Machines
Course syllabus:
1. Rigid Body Motion. 2. Dynamic Force Analysis of Mechanisms. 3. Space Motion of Rigid Bodies. 4. Inertia Tensor & Angular Momentum. 5. Euler's Equation of Motion. 6. Gyroscopic Action in Machines. 7. Unbalance in Machines. 8. Rotary Balancing. 9. Balancing Machines. 10. Field Balancing of Rotars. 11. Single-Cylinder Engine Balancing. 12. Balancing of Single Slider Machines. 13. In-Line Engine Balancing. 14. Radial Engine Balancing. 15. Turning Moment Diagram. 16. Flywheel Analysis. 17. Dynamics of Machines. 18. Rotating Vector Approach. 19. Equivalent viscous damping. 20. Dynamics of Machines. 21. Systems with two degree of freedom. 22. Tuned Vibration Absorber. 23. Design of Vibration Absorbers. 24. Flexibilty Matrix & Influence Coeffients. 25. Forced Vibration of multiple degrees. 26. Vibration of Continuous Systems. 27. Vibration of Continuous Systems. 28. Vibration of Beams. 29. Rayleigh's method. 30. Rayleigh-Ritz Method. 31. Vibration Measurement. 32. Types of Pickups.
Fluid Mechanics
Course topics:
Includes stress and strain descriptions. Fluid statics. Differential and finite control volume analysis with continuity. Momentum, Energy, Bernoulli and Euler equations. Vorticity, potential flow, incompressible viscous flow. Navier-Stokes equations. Dimensional analysis, pipe flow, boundary layers, separation, introduction to turbulence.
Finite Element Method
Course topics:
Intro to Finite Elements, 1D elements, orientation, assembly, boundary conditions, loads, solution. Stress-strain relation, small displacement, 2D and 3D elements, "defects," interpolation. Loads and sources, nature of FE results. FE formulation, energy, variational and Rayleigh-Ritz methods. FE computations, hybrid elements. Weighted-residual methods, Isoparametric elements. Numerical quadrature, reduced integration, geometry. Validity. Isoparametric triangles. Coordinate transformation, anisotropy. Error analysis and convergence. Error estimation. P-method. Modeling considerations.
Have fun with these lectures this month, and until next time!


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Are you looking for reliable and experienced steelwork contractors in Hounslow, London? Look no further than 4 Summit. We specialise in the fabrication and installation of structural and architectural steelwork, bespoke metalwork, and temporary works solutions. Our Hounslow team project manage all steelwork contracts in house, from design through to installation.
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design, manufacture and installation of structural, and architectural steelwork.
We work closely with our clients to deliver steelwork solutions that meet their exact requirements. As one of Hounslow's leading steelwork contractors, we understand the importance of regular communication throughout the project, from design to completion. This way we are able to adapt and change when necessary, to ensure a positive, successful outcome.
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Installation is assessed by a member of senior management by conducting a site survey, at which time we will also make a health and safety assessment onsite, in order to draft Risk and Method Statements as well as lift plans. After an assessment is made, we will agree an installation process with the client to ensure it works with construction phasing. We work closely with our clients in Hounslow to ensure we can meet programmed dates, which is aided by holding all trades in house.
We take pride in having the capability to thoroughly plan and execute a vast range of steelwork contracts no matter their complexity or size.
Take advantage of the free quote!
Send us your project files and within a few days you will receive a quote from us.


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Image via WikipediaThe Dealia's swimsuit catalog came in the mail for my teenage daughter and I handed it to my youngest son and asked him to take it to her. He padded in the den and I heard him say,
"Here's your bathing suit catalog, sis. Pick something that won't scar me for life!"
Scarred for life? lol. Hmmmm. Not a joke if I think about it.
Scarred for Life.
As I listened to my book on iPod and cleaned the kitchen, I started thinking that that is what is happening to many of today's teens.
We have driver's education because we want to protect kids from themselves. A car is a powerful machine and can kill.
We have sex education because we want to protect children as well. Sex is a very intimate thing that shouldn't be taken lightly. Sex can also kill if one contracts various STD's.
Cell phones and the Internet are powerful vehicles. Yet parents give kids cell phones like they are the latest gadget, ignoring what can happen if a child makes a childish mistake. They can be scarred for life.
Driver's education cannot stop accidents among teenagers – but well done – it can reduce them.
Sex education cannot stop sex among teenagers but it can prevent STD's and have students take it more seriously.
Digital citizenship education cannot STOP the headlines of people who do scarring things through improper use of their technology but I believe it can reduce them.
Margarite's Mistake
In the Saturday New York Times Article "A Girl's Nude Photo, and Altered Lives" ( a story we'll be talking about in Digiteen this week), Margarite is an eighth grader who posed nude in her mirror and sent the picture of herself to a popular athlete, Isaiah.
Isaiah forwarded this to a former friend of Margarite's who then forwarded it to every contact in her cell phone with the message:
"Ho Alert! If you think this girl is a whore, then text this to all your friends."
Pressed Send.
The video went viral and through four middle schools. When parents started calling in to complain, the Middle school principal at one school launched the investigation that led to the confiscation of student cell phones and three students being charged with dissemination of child pornography (a class C felony.)
The county prosecutor, Mr. Peters said, "The idea of forwarding that picture was bad enough," he said, "But the text elevated it to something far more serious. It was mean-girl drama, an all-out attempt to destroy someone without thinking about the implications."
As other kids left school to go home at the end fo the day, Isiah and Margarite's former friend were led off in handcuffs.
Scarred for life.
The article goes on to say that sexting (between adults) is protected first amendment speech and that many magazines are giving tips on "how to look good" in sexting photos. However, as many as 24 % of 14-17 year olders have been involved in "some type of naked sexting." (AP & MTV Poll – PDF)
Forwarding such photos can land you in jail.
Don't Freak Out, Fan Out
I think that banning cell phones and removing them from schools is NOT the right answer. You might as well dam the Mississippi in a few weeks during flood season. See if that will hold!
It would be like banning cars because too many kids die in traffic accidents. Not realistic. We have to co-exist with cars because they are part of our society and the way we get around.
Banning cell phones is not realistic. We must co-exist with cell phones because they are part of our society and the way we communicate.
When someone lost an earring in the grass the other day – we all took a small space and fanned out to find the earring and eventually did.
Likewise, we should all take the "plot of ground" assigned to us. Our classroom. Our Home. Our school. Our community.
We can't do it all but we can do something.
Don't Lecture, Learn.
This should be treated a lot like driver's education which does have a bit of classroom work but a lot of time IN a car navigating the spaces. If a kid is going to have a problem with a left turn or parallel parking you want them to have it under supervision so it is not scarring for life.
The final example from Facebook Friending 101 for Schools (about the student I named "Zipper) that I posted on Friday is from one of our Flat Classroom projects. (I did change the names.) The teachable moment that I discussed in that case study transformed our our kids and they all went in and changed their privacy settings.
Digital Citizenship in Situ
That is why I think effective digital citizenship education is done WHILE students are using educational networks (social networks for education) and cell phones. In fact, that is why we founded Digiteen and spun it off as a nonprofit – because we felt like the kids who came in to Flat Classroom weren't ready because they were clueless about managing their personal identity in safe, wise ways!
Kids DON'T get it, but neither do adults. We are learning as we go.
In fact, I received a SCATHING commenter accusing me of not knowing Facebook privacy settings because she says she has set lists to:
"I friend students. I also have a specific list just for them. This list is restricted so that they can't see:
– any of my default wall posts (unless I specifically select my "students" list, but even then when I post to that one, I ONLY post to students, so that my other friends can't see it)
– anything anyone posts on my wall
– any of my photo albums except for the one of my profile pics
– anyone on my friends list (you can even restrict that, it's just on the privacy screen under "Connecting on Facebook" rather than "Sharing on Facebook")
– any pages or anything else that I "like""
Now, I've got it on my personal PD list this week to check this out and learn if this is indeed the case. Furthermore, I want to test it and see if it actually works that way. I value commenters that let me know that there is more to be told.
(Of course this commenter didn't do it in a very nice way and that, I feel was poor citizenship, but onwards and upwards – if we cannot learn from those who are unkind to us, then we are letting our emotions restrict our learning potential – aren't we? So, my friends, don't let your emotions on this topic cause you to make a decision not to learn either.)
If I wasn't on Facebook and wasn't blogging – how would I know? It is a MISTAKE to ignore Facebook. You should all also know how to send and receive text messages.
Case Study: Who is Mij Cosby?
I've changed this name because we don't really know if this is a real person or not. However, last week as my class and I were brainstorming our action project for Digiteen, a student said – we need to talk about friending because "WHO IS MIJ COSBY?"
I asked – WHAT?
He said –
"There is this girl over in an adjacent county who has no friends at her own school but who has asked to FRIEND every student at Westwood. I won't friend Mij because I don't know who it is."
We talked for some time and everyone in the class but one person (who said he needed a lot of friends) unfriended Mij because they realized that NO ONE knew who it was.
But I left the question on the board and didn't think another thing about it. My tenth graders came in and saw the board and several shouted out
"WHO is Mij Cosby? I mean really, Mrs. Vicki, who is it?"
They too had been friended – such was the whole day!! We don't know who this is, but what we found out happened is that this person was able to get about 5 kids to friend at our school and then everyone started friending Mij. In 2-3 days at least 50+ kids (that I counted) had friended Mij and NO ONE knew the person!
They admitted that they look to see how many mutual friends they have and then decide if they should friend or not.
Almost all of the students unfriended Mij because we cannot find ONE student in the whole school who knows her. NOT ONE. We don't even know if there is a family in that county of 2800 people with that last name! We think Mij is a fake.
And yet, several kids didn't want to unfriend. ("But I want to have a lot of friends, Mrs. Vicki.") And many didn't want to make their pages Friends only — some have it set to public. ("I want people to know who I am.")
This live in-situ case study that happened because we were talking about what to DO about digital citizenship caused around 90+% of my students to change their behavior – at least for now. That did more to help them understand friending than anything else. Facebook is unblocked at school (at least for now) so they took action RIGHT THEN.
Get them talking and acting and learning and doing!
Time to Take Action
- Does your school have to end up on the cover of the New York Times for you to take seriously the need for digital citizenship education?
- Do you know that problems WILL happen and they will be WORSE if you ignore this issue?
- Do you think lecture from a fear-based uneducated un-social-media-wise adult is actually going to change anything? Do you want a person without a driver's license who doesn't own a car teaching drivers ed? Get someone who uses this stuff and can relate to kids to lead them in educated discussions – or join something like Digiteen.
- Do you think you have to find a place for this before you do it? We do what is important.
- Do you think educating parents on proactive ways to help will do more than scaring them into taking away cell phones? Cell phones are the identity of many kids. Face it.
- The best defense is a good offense. Are you going to be proactive or reactive? Which will paint you as more of a leader? Be a visionary, that is your job.
- What are you doing? Share.
Remember your noble calling. Handle this situation with nobility and wisdom and resist the desire to freak out and create fear.
And also remember this, I'm bringing attention to social media in schools because it is IMPORTANT. I will continue to talk about this and share what I know – but if I don't know something (and there is tons I don't know) please feel free to shoot me an email at vicki at coolcatteacher dot com and teach me something. ;-)
You are great readers and sharers. Thank you.
Related articles
- Schools taking responsibility for digital citizenship (heyjude.wordpress.com)
- Digital Citizenship Lesson from Gilbert Gottfried: The (former) Voice of the Aflac Duck (speedofcreativity.org)
- Why Should We Care About Digital Citizenship? (mediatechparenting.net)
- Facebook Friending 101 for Schools (coolcatteacher.blogspot.com)
- You: Poisoned Web: A Girl's Nude Photo, and Altered Lives (nytimes.com)
- Web 2.0 Leadership for Students (coolcatteacher.blogspot.com)
- Sexting in Lacey: A cautionary tale (NY Times) (seattlepi.com)
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Part Number:
Crompton Lamps LED Golfball 4.5W B22 Harlequin IP65 Pink Translucent
Part Number: 6195
Crompton Lamps LED Golfball 4.5W B22 Harlequin IP65 Pink Translucent
Crompton Lamps
FREE UK Delivery on orders over £50 (Standard delivery)
- Glass Type: Translucent
- Rated Life: 15,000 hours
- New 2021 Energy Rating: G (A Pre-2021)
- Energy Saving: 82% saving on a 25W harlequin golfball
Bulk Discount Qty
Crompton Lamps LED Golfball 4.5W B22 Harlequin IP65 Pink Translucent
- Cap type: BC-B22d
- Power Consumption: 4.5W
- Equivalent: 25W Harlequin Golfball
- Colour Output: Pink
- Dimensions: Diameter=45mm Height=76.5mm
These pink coloured decorative 4.5W LED golfball filament light bulbs from Crompton Lamps are designed to replace traditional 25W incandescent Harlequin golfball light bulbs. Of course, underneath each light bulb's immaculately coloured envelope things are entirely different, with modern LED components replacing the tungsten filaments of old.
Each coating is applied internally so that it doesn't fade over time, ensuring that the light bulb produces the same quality of light for the duration of its 15,000 hour nominal lifetime, all while using up to 90% less energy than the light bulbs it is designed to replace.
Additionally, each LED golfball light bulb is IP65 rated meaning they are long-lasting and suitable for outdoor use in festoon or garland lighting, alongside a host of other indoor applications such as Christmas lights, or entertainment and hospitality areas.
Features a BC-B22d bayonet (22mm) cap base. Also known as a round light bulb.
Please note that even though the light bulb itself is IP65 rated, it must be used in a suitable IP65 rated socket in order for it to be used outside safely.
Need more help in choosing a suitable light bulb? Read our guide What is a Golfball Light Bulb.
Here at Lightbulbs Direct, we want you to be able to buy with confidence both in ourselves and the products we sell. With this in mind, a number of our bulbs carry a specific warranty that ensures you can do exactly that.
Any LED or LED Smart light bulb bought from Lightbulbs Direct carries a 24-month warranty.
If you should purchase an LED light bulb from Lightbulbs Direct and have it fail, break or develop a fault at any point within the timeline stated above from the date of purchase, we will happily replace the item or offer a full refund, depending on your wishes.
In instances where large numbers of bulbs fail within a relatively short period of time, we may ask you to return them to us so that they can undergo testing to identify any potential issues.
Manufacturers Warranty
This product is also covered by a manufacturer's warranty for a period of 2 years from date of purchase. Please visit the manufacturer's website for further details.
What doesn't our warranty cover?
In any instance where your bulb has developed a fault, we will do our utmost to replace it or offer a full refund (provided the item is still within its stated warranty period). However, if it becomes apparent that the product has been misused, tampered with or modified in any way, we will view this as having voided its warranty.
'Misuse" includes, but is not limited to, incorrect operation by the user, use of non-dimmable bulbs on a dimmable circuit or connection to or operation with an unsuitable power supply. 'Tampering' or 'modification' can be interpreted as any activity designed to alter the product in such a way that it can be used in a manner that wasn't intended by its original design. This can include rewiring, removing plugs, home repairs or changing components. Unfortunately, we won't be able to replace any item that has undergone any such process.
If you have any further questions about our Warranty or Returns Policy that aren't addressed on this page, please feel free to contact us.
Attribute | Value |
Barcode | 5055579313872 |
Equivalent | 25W |
Technology | LED |
Cap | BC-B22d |
Shape | Golfball |
Colour | Pink |
Manufacturer | Crompton Lamps |
Cap Type | BC-B22d |
Voltage | 240V |
Power Consumption | 4.5W |
Dimmability | No - Not Suitable for Dimming |
Total Lumens | 200lm |
Equivalent Wattage | 25W Harlequin Golfball |
Colour Description | Pink |
Glass Type | Translucent |
Warm Up Time | <0.5 seconds (0-60%) |
Ingress Protection Rating | IP65 |
Mercury Content | 0mg |
Average Rated Life (L50) | 15,000 hours |
Switching Cycles | 20,000 |
Energy Saver | Yes |
EEI Pre-2021 Energy Rating | A |
EEI 2021 Energy Rating | G |
Diameter | 45mm |
Height | 76.5mm |
Estimated Running Cost | £2.38 per year based on 5-hours per day @ Jan 24 Price Cap (29.0p/kWh) |
Estimated Running Cost Saving | £10.85 per year based on 5-hours per day @ Jan 24 Price Cap (29.0p/kWh) |