text:
A Dirty Deeds Novel
BY J.Daniels
Release Day: January 23, 2018
He didn't want to
be bad. He just didn't have a choice...
Shayla Perkins isn't
the kind of girl who makes the same mistake twice, especially when it comes to
Sean "Stitch" Molina. So when he gives her the world's biggest
rejection, that's it--she's done. Until the sexy, silent, unavailable Sean
makes Shay a very personal offer. Of course, it still doesn't mean he's
interested in her. Or does it?
Sean has done things
in life. Bad things. And he's paid the price. All he wants now is to make up
for his past by doing good in the present. And no one deserves more good than Shay.
Beautiful on the inside and out, Shay is the kind of woman who should be cared
for and protected--especially from a man like Sean. He's tried to keep his
feelings for her in check, but a single, reckless impulse pulls them closer
than ever before.
Soon the two are
sharing their biggest dreams and satisfying their deepest desires. But what
will happen if the only way to truly give each other what they want most...is
to let each other go?
"The perfect mix
of funny, hot and heartwarming. I enjoyed it immensely!" --Mia
Sheridan, New York Times bestselling author, on Four
Letter Word
AMAZON US | AMAZON UK | AMAZON AU | B&N | KOBO | KOBO UK | iBOOKS
Chapter One
I wanted to tell her no. I wanted to lie to Gladys or Dorothy,
whatever this sweet old lady's name was seated in my section, and say we were
fresh out of ranch dressing, and the little cup of it that came with her large
garden salad was the last drop. If I didn't and obliged her request, it would
mean walking back over to the kitchen window I avoided like the plague and
speaking to him—Sean "Stitch" Molina. The keeper of the dressings. The
cook at Whitecaps Restaurant. He hoarded the ranch back there, and the only way
to get more of it was with words.
And we didn't do words anymore. Not as of eight months ago.
So, instead of doing my job as a waitress, I contemplated the
dishonest route, which could very well get me fired.
Was I willing to roll those dice? Maybe. It might be worth a
shot. My boss, Nate, could overlook my wrongdoing. He was understanding enough.
We're fresh out of ranch, I could tell the lady. And all
other dressings, for that matter. I am so sorry. Could I maybe get you another
refill? Or something else not located in the kitchen?
I thought on this plan—it could work. Maybe she would believe
me. Or maybe she would rethink her request and decide she no longer needed more
Help a fellow woman out here, Millie. Christ.
"I just need a little bit more," the lady requested with a
gentle smile. "Would you be a dear? I won't trouble you for anything else, I
"Of course," I replied, the response compulsively leaving my
tongue. I couldn't fight it. I couldn't lie. I'd feel terrible.
Besides, this was my job. If someone requested more ranch
dressing, I got them more ranch dressing, even if it meant speaking to the man
I was completely and pathetically infatuated with, no matter how badly it hurt me
to do so.
I gave the lady a smile in return before moving away.
My steps were slow as I weaved between tables and headed toward
the kitchen. I tried to keep my head down, to focus on the tile floor
disappearing beneath my feet, but I couldn't.
I had to look.
Who was I kidding? I wanted to look.
As I approached, Tori was leaning close to the window that
separated Sean's domain from everyone else's. She slid two plates of food off
the ledge, commenting, "Looks good. Thanks, Stitch," before walking off to deliver
her orders, winking at me as she passed.
Sean only went by Stitch when he was here, I was assuming. I
wouldn't know for sure since I'd never spent any time with him outside of work.
It was a nickname Tori and I had given him when he'd cut himself a bunch of
times during his first week on the job, and he didn't seem to mind being called
Back then, he didn't seem to mind a lot of things, like
listening to me talk and talk about anything and everything, putting my
problems on him in between waiting tables, my stresses, my fears, needing a
person to vent to and him being the only person I wanted to vent to because of
the way he listened and looked at me.
No one had ever seemed so interested in what I had to say
Like what I was saying meant everything to them. Like it was a
privilege just to listen.
And no one had ever looked at me the way Sean
did—glances that only ever lasted a few seconds at a time, but those few
seconds of eye contact—holy crap. I thought my skin was going to combust it would
tingle and heat up so quickly. The man had a stare unlike any stare. Equal
parts intense and intimidating. But his eyes, sweet mother of God, his eyes
were unreal, this rich, golden copper color. And when they were on you, you
didn't just see that beauty—you felt it.
It was a two-punch combo that turned me into a puddle. No man
had ever affected me that way before.
And that effect wasn't going away. I was still feeling it.
Even now with us not speaking to each other, or rather, with me
not speaking and him not listening, I still couldn't get Sean out of my head. I
missed what we used to have, yes, but it was more than that. It was so much
A man I barely knew, who seldom spoke, and who had never showed
interest in me in that way had somehow taken hold of my heart and
twisted it all up. I didn't understand how it had happened, I just knew it
Pathetic, right?
I reached the counter silently, which was a miracle considering
how loud my heart sounded in my ears. Keeping my breathing quiet, I looked
through that window and peered into the kitchen.
Sean had his back to me as he flipped burgers and stirred
something in a pot. I allowed my eyes to travel the length of him, something I
hardly ever let myself do anymore. We shared quick glances now, that was it.
Sean was well over six feet tall—way taller than me. His back
was broad. His hair was long, a beautiful caramel color, and almost always
pulled back; his arms were covered in tattoos and roped in muscle; and he had a
thick, short beard that hid what I just knew was a strong jaw.
Sean was beautiful. And he was intimidating. Not just how he
looked, but how he acted too.
He smoked. He drove a motorcycle. He never smiled. He rarely
said a word. Everything about Sean said leave me alone, but eight months
ago I couldn't.
And eight months ago, I didn't think he wanted me to.
I thought that was why he looked at me the way he did and
listened so well. I wasn't even nervous when I finally asked him out after
hearing about a local party. I was excited.
I wanted Sean. I wanted to kiss him and touch him and God,
hear his voice more. I had gotten so little of it. I wanted to do everything
with him. And I thought we would. I thought we'd go to that party together as
friends and leave as something more.
But Sean wasn't interested in the more I'd been after. He wasn't
interested in me at all.
Now, that was perfectly clear.
Sensing me, or maybe he was finished minding the burgers and
whatever he was stirring in the pot—I didn't know for sure, since I was still
letting my eyes wander—Sean spun around and stepped forward, snapping my gaze
off his body in a panic. Our eyes met.
Mine widened.
His narrowed angrily, like I'd pissed him off and he hated me
for it, and further hated me for catching him pissed off about it.
I didn't understand that look, but no way was I asking about it.
I was doing what I came over here to do, and then, hopefully, staying far away
from this window the rest of the day.
Maybe I could convince Tori to put in my orders.
"My lady needs more ranch," I informed Sean, swallowing thickly
when my voice came out sounding stressed and distorted. "Could I get a little
more for her?"
Sean's gaze lowered to my mouth like he was waiting for more
words, which didn't make sense to me, until I considered the one word I left
off he was most likely waiting for.
"Please?" I added.
His eyes lifted to mine and stayed narrowed. His nostrils
flared. His jaw set.
I almost apologized for being polite and for not lying to that
woman about our condiment supply. Things were so awkward now, I couldn't stand
it. I missed how easy this used to be.
Memories flooded my mind in an onslaught as I stood there
waiting, and my back stiffened. I pictured Sean watching me with care and
concern. I remembered the smiles behind his beard I used to catch, and the way
his eyes would follow me through the restaurant and brighten when I would wave.
We were friends. I wanted to scream at him for ruining that. I wanted to scream
at myself for still caring. What was wrong with me? He had completely shut me
out. We were nothing now. We were this.
But with a quick hand, Sean snatched a dressing cup off the
shelf and ladled some ranch into it before I spoke another word. He sat the cup
on the ledge, removing his hand before our fingers touched, and briskly turned
back to the grill without giving me another glance.
"Thank you," I mumbled at his back, turning before I lingered
another second.
He shut me out. I needed to do the same to him.
I delivered the cup of ranch to the sweet old lady, picked up a
check for a table who didn't wait for change, and took care of their tab at the
register. Then because I didn't have any other tables needing anything from me
at the moment, I moved to a vacant booth far away from that window and busied
myself filling ketchup bottles.
The next time anyone needed extra dressing, I'd send Tori.
Three Days Later
I am getting one of everything.
Twisting the dial on the radio, I quieted the music I was
listening to when the truck ahead of me pulled forward, allowing room for my Civic
to squeeze up next to the speaker.
Mouth already salivating, I rolled my window down.
"Welcome to Taco Bell. Can I take your order?"
My stomach growled as I surveyed my choices.
I eyed the fiesta taco salad. The quesarito. The never-ending
list of combos and the specialty options. Everything intrigued my taste buds.
I stuck my head out the window and directed my order at the
speaker. "Can I have a number six, please? Chicken supreme with a soft taco?
And a Mountain Dew."
"That'll be six fifty-seven at the second window, please."
I couldn't pull forward yet, so I kept my foot on the brake, and
just as I was about to roll up my window to keep the cool March air from
filling up my car any more, a song I knew and loved began playing low through
the speakers.
I had no idea what the name of the song was or who sang it, but
I knew every single word. And this was not a song you didn't crank up and sing
along to with your windows down.
Fingers twisting the dial until music poured out of my car, I
started moving my hips in time with the beat and smacking the steering wheel,
eyes closing and fingers snapping as the lyrics left my mouth.
"Oh oh oh oh oh oh,
You don't have to go, oh oh oh oh oh
You don't have to go, oh oh oh oh oh
You don't have to gooo."
The drum kicked up. I shook my head and felt pieces of my short,
dark hair lash against my cheeks.
The girl giggled through the speaker.
Smiling and not feeling one bit of shy about the audience I was
entertaining, I leaned halfway out the window and sang to her as loud as I
could, reaching and pointing like she was front row at my concert.
"Ay ay ay ay ay ay
All those tears I cry, ay ay ay ay
All those tears I cry, oh oh ah ay
Baby, please don't goooo."
She laughed harder this time, whooping and cheering me on.
"How's that?" I asked. "Think I got a career in singing if all
my other options fall through?"
"You bet!" the girl yelled. "That was sick!"
Giggling at myself, I sat back in the seat and turned the volume
down halfway, noticing through the windshield the space between the truck in
front of me and the car in front of it.
My eyes narrowed. I beeped twice. I was starving, and this was
not the time to be messing around. What was this person doing?
The truck jerked forward, gears grinding over the music, loud enough
I actually cringed. It was an old, beat-up Chevy, covered in dirt and rusted
all along the back, with most of the paint chipped off and the muffler barely
hanging on by a thread. The well loved and very well used vehicle was
probably on its last leg, as was the worn smiley-face sticker half peeled from
the bumper, leaving only one eye and half a mouth showing.
That thing had definitely seen better days.
Staring at all that rust, I had a moment of panic when I
imagined the truck dying on its owner and blocking my path. Come hell or high
water, I'd get my chalupas. Though I really didn't feel like stepping out of my
car and walking inside where the lunch rush sat. I was wearing sweats covered
in bleach stains, a baggy sweatshirt, zero makeup, and not a lick of dry
shampoo. No way was I presentable for the public yet.
This was why God invented drive-throughs and curbside service—so
women like me could sleep in on their days off and rush out the door when a
hankering hit without even bothering to glance at themselves in a mirror.
But when the truck made it up to the window to pay without a
hitch or stall, most of that panic left me.
And when the driver pulled away after collecting their order and
turned out onto highway, all of that panic left me.
I rubbed my hands together. Come to Momma.
"Hello!" I greeted the young girl with a smile and a wave,
feeling like we had one of those lifelong friendship connections since I'd just
serenaded her.
Grabbing my bag off the floor in front of the passenger seat, I
dug around for my wallet.
"No need for that!" she said, turning my head and pausing my
search. "That guy just totally paid for you. God…I love it when that
happens. It doesn't happen enough. It's such a treat!"
I sat up and looked at her more fully. "What? What guy?"
"The guy in the truck."
Nobody had ever done that for me before, and I used
drive-throughs a lot. Well, shit on my head. My first random act of
kindness, and I had rushed the poor thing along.
I suddenly felt bad for beeping.
"Yep," the girl said, smacking her gloss-covered lips. "He asked
me how much your order was and gave me enough to cover you both. And he wasn't
bad looking either."
I leaned closer to the window, my interest in this mystery man
spiking off the charts. "Yeah?"
"Oh, yeah. He had that dark, smoldering look about him. Real
"Did he say anything? Leave his number on a napkin or
"No." She shrugged. "Just paid for you and left. He acted in a
rush." The girl turned to pack up my order.
If he was interested, he would've gone beyond just paying for my
food. I would think he would've at least waited before speeding out of here—at
least pulled over and given me opportunity to thank him.
Maybe he was just doing a good deed?
Letting myself think on that, I smiled and took my drink. "I'd
like to pay it forward. How much is the person's order behind me? I'll take
care of them," I said while blindly digging my wallet out of my bag.
"Really?" The girl clapped her hands together and squealed.
"This is awesome! And they say there's no good people left in the world."
I laughed and made a face like I was agreeing with her, though I
really didn't. I knew a lot of good people. Dogwood Beach was full of them.
And I was blessed to have a lot of those people in my tribe,
supporting me, giving me friendship and love, and others, not necessarily in my
tribe, but around me enough I got to see their good.
Still, I understood this girl's excitement. It wasn't every day
a complete stranger did something out of sheer generosity. And selfless to
boot. Who didn't stick around to take credit when credit was due? That was
practically unheard of.
It's funny how a simple gesture can affect you. But kindness was
powerful that way. It not only had the ability to alter moods, but it was also
infectious. People wanted to spread that good around once they got it put on
Hell, I was doing it. Maybe the person behind me would do it
too, and so on. We could all pay it forward.
Smiling, I thought about that mystery man in the beat-up truck,
wondering if he knew just how inspiring he was. How good he was. I
hoped someone was telling him.
After safely securing my bag of deliciousness in the front seat,
I got the total of the order from the car behind me, paid, got my change,
cranked up my stereo again, and sped off, leaving my window cracked so I could
serenade Highway 355.
About the Author:
J. Daniels is the New York Times and USA Today
bestselling author of the Sweet Addiction series, the Alabama Summer series,
and the Dirty Deeds series.
She would rather bake than cook, she listens to
music entirely too loud, and loves writing stories her children will never
read. Her husband and children are her greatest loves, with cupcakes coming in
at a close second.
J grew up in Baltimore and resides in Maryland
with her family.
Twitter: @JDanielsbooks
Instagram: authorjdaniels
Sign up to receive her newsletter and get
special offers and exclusive release info: http://authorjdaniels.com/newsletter/


text:
What is ping.chartbeat.net and why do I see it in my browser footer?
When you see ping.chartbeat.net in your browser footer it's because the site you are on is running chartbeat real-time analytics. Chartbeat is used by the owners of this site to help them understand what's happening on their site. The data it sends is anonymous and the site owners don't see any Personally Identifiable Information as a result of this. It's more like "someone from New York City is on the gardening page of your site". See an example of a chartbeat dashboard.
Does this slow down the site?
No. We get it, it's frustrating to see this site waiting on this ping.chartbeat.net thing. Unfortunately, the browser is blaming ping.chartbeat.net unfairly; it's really not slowing down the site at all!
What actually happens?
Chartbeat code is typically put at the very bottom of the page by the site owner and is built in a special way so that it waits until the page has finished loading before it loads itself. (For techies this is asynchronous javascript that doesn't begin to load until after the on-load event). This means that it has zero effect on how fast it's taking your site to load.
A bug in some browsers means that whenever they are waiting on a part of the site to load they don't reference the slow-loading item but instead reference the code at the bottom of the page. So, when the browser tells you it's "waiting for ping.chartbeat.net", what it actually means is it's "waiting for this image or advertisement to load so that I can get down to ping.chartbeat.net and finish the job".
You can find more information about this browser bug, and please don't hesitate to reach out to firstname.lastname@example.com if you need any more information or if we can help in any way.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Who Needs the Queen's English?
Let's Throw Grammar into the Garbage Can!
(Originally published by the Dana Society Journal in February, 2006)
Writers, poets, and playwrights should mold and bash language into whatever art form they wish to create. Traditional Grammar in creative works is unnecessary, and can often be an obstacle to the creative impulses of the writer. The writer should concern himself more with creativity, and less with correct grammar. The writer must do with language as he pleases. The writer should help destroy "standard" English, at least within the realm of contemporary literature.
Language must be the servant of the writer, and the writer must be a god over the realm of words. The role of language is to lie down in front of the writer and beg to be ravished by him. In order to create a higher literary art the writer should throw off the straightjacket of grammar whenever necessary. The writer must create with the intensity and passion of a freed madman rampaging on the streets.
Traditional grammar is not necessary in creative works. Take note that poetry and music are cousins. Literature often has a rhythm that makes grammar unnecessary, just as good verse has a natural flow that has made the rhyme obsolete. Many of the traditional rules of grammar are destined to go the way of the rhyme in poetry, at least in creative works.
Writers should think of their literary creations in much the same why they think of sex. Correctly obeying all the rules of grammar while in the throes of literary creation is like having sex with your clothes on. An artist of words should write with the same intensity as passionate sex. All boundaries to expression should be smashed open with pens that crash through everything like sledgehammers.
Grammar lends legitimacy to "standard" English, which is the spoken and written medium of communication of the elite. Of course, how convenient for the upper classes that their way of talking and writing is considered "standard".
Why should the mode of speaking of the most privileged members of our society be considered "standard" English? Why shouldn't the rich and constantly evolving language of poor blacks in the ghetto be considered "standard English" instead? People from all over the world do not crowd in giant concerts or tune into their radios to hear the privileged members of our society recite "standard" English. There is a worldwide fascination with hip-hop for good reason. Hip-hop glorifies the "standard" English of the black American ghetto, which is far more exciting and rich in contemporary culture than the "standard" English of Park Avenue. Take note that rap music has brought a resurgence of interest in poetry.
Standard English is constantly under siege from the influences of the black ghetto and immigration. Writers should stop defending "standard" English and should participate in its downfall. Gutting "standard" English and its rules of grammar will free the writer to express himself more freely than ever!
Another reason to throw "standard" English in the garbage is that it is not worth saving. The English language originates from invading barbarians of different tribes and races all babbling and babbling to each other for thousands of years on the British isles. This of course helps explain why English is such a course and ugly language in comparison with the romance languages. If it wasn't for the civilizing influence of the French language brought over by the Normans English would probably sound as ugly as German.
The defenders of "standard" English who obsess over its grammar are obstacles in the necessary evolvement in what has become the most important language of the world. Instead of rejecting the growing international and cosmopolitan influences of an evolving language we should embrace these changes. The further that English evolves away from its barbaric Anglo-Saxon heritage the better. If purists and traditionalists want a language with unchanging rules of grammar then let them learn Latin.
More than ever the time is ripe for a rebellion against grammar and tradition. With the invention of word processing there is no excuse for literature to remain one of the most backward areas of the art world. Word processing, because it makes change, experimentation, and innovation easier, is an important development that can help writers, poets, and playwrights to free literature from its chains. Look at how painting has constantly revolutionized itself over the past one hundred and twenty years. Artists of the written word should do the same!
When we have sex most of us do not invent a bunch of rules to make the experience less enjoyable. Why not eliminate the rules in literature? Why shouldn't literature be as exciting and decadent as sex? Let us free literature from the constraints of grammar like two lovers throwing off their clothes and diving into a natural frenzy of joy!
Established rules of music, painting, and sculpture have been thrown in the garbage by innovators like Stravinsky, Picasso, and Rodin. The result has been a constantly changing art that is exciting and fresh. Painters and sculptors deposed of a rigid faithfulness to representation, and the result has been an explosion of artistic brilliance. Just as the painters deposed of rigid representation creative writers should depose of grammar whenever it gets in the way of expression. One obstacle to artists of the written word is the straightjacket of grammar, and its anal obsession with the placement of commas, colons, semicolons, etc. Who cares if a sentence is a fragment? Who cares if a sentence is a run-on? I wrote a 200,000 word run-on sentence. I slashed and cut it down to seventy-thousand words. It's called The Exclamation Point! The idea of writing a run-on sentence occurred to me while I was sitting in a café in Amsterdam, Holland. I would never have dreamed up such a wild book if I had been loyal to the rules of grammar.
Writers should do with language whatever they please. Any obstruction to expression must be obliterated into dust with the sledgehammers of our pens. Imagine that while you're trying to make love to someone an old grammar teacher is yelling at you, "PUT A COMMA THERE! AND CHANGE THAT COLON TO A SEMI-COLON! OH NO! THAT SENTENCE IS A FRAGMENT!" It would be terrible, wouldn't it? Why do you write under the same circumstances?
Copyright 2005 by Wolf Larsen. All Rights Reserved


text:
A bold strategic study for public TV, commissioned by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, recommends that stations spend less on local program production and more on achieving high quality in national and instructional programs.If PTV fails to "invest fully in national programming," it will see a "downward spiral" in program quality, audience and revenues, according to the report by Boston Consulting Group, a business strategy firm.
The study, whose earlier drafts have been discussed for months in high-level meetings, was presented publicly for the first time at public TV's Pacific Mountain Network and Central Educational Network annual meetings earlier this month.
"Most of the managers say, 'It's terrible news, but I've known it's there — I've felt it,"' says Joseph Zesbaugh, president of PMN, who devoted a day and a half of his annual conference to discussions related to the study.
Despite the bad news, the consultants' presentation won "far and away the highest marks" given by attendees in their evaluations of the PMN meeting, Zesbaugh said.
The consultants gave public broadcasters an unfamiliar profit/loss sketch of their major functions. Local program production, which the report calls PTV's largest single activity, takes 35 percent of its spending but brings in 16 percent of its revenue and accounts for 7 percent of its air time. National programming from PBS, in contrast, was estimated to cost 29 percent of total spending, bring in 50 percent of revenues and fill 60 to 65 percent of air time.
Among the major findings:
- Public TV's rationale of providing unique kinds of programs — not found on commercial networks — is now "obsolete" amid the abundance of TV channels, the report argues. Therefore, public TV must make sure its national and instructional programs are clearly better than those of commercial competitors.
- In a preface, the study's Steering Committee of 20 public TV officials endorsed a new drive for excellence: "To retreat to providing those unique (but diminishing) functions in which the commercial sector is still not interested would be not just a defeat for public television's aspirations, but a loss to American society."
- National programming, "the chief value delivered and the chief motivator of donations, enjoys a strong competitive position today, but requires substantially increased investment if it is to survive the intensifying competition of focused cable networks."
- Educational services, "a central mission" of public TV, will also face increasing competition and require increased investment and application of new technologies.
- Stations should make strategic plans to realign services, identifying "areas where resources may be freed up to support national programming and educational services."
Station officials at the PMN conference noted that they may not be free to "free up" fund from local production, however, because funders expect them to produce local programs with the money.
The study suggests that public TV spend an additional $250 million a year on national and instructional programming — a 55 percent increase — by the end of the decade. Stations now spend $470 million on local production and outreach, the consultants estimate.
Many of these points have been made before — by former PBS President Larry Grossman among others, and were not as well received in public TV. "When Larry Grossman was saying it, that was before we were starting to feel the pinch," says Zesbaugh. Now public broadcasters are readier to hear the prescription.
Though the analysis is not new, the study presents it with new urgency, says Edward Coltman, CPB's director of policy development and planning.
CPB commissioned the $225,000 study last summer, says Coltman, and will follow up with "three or four" five-figure grants to support pilot projects pursuing new station strategies, he says. CPB is already hearing informal proposals.
The study was based on interviews with 40 prominent public broadcasters, examination of commercial media competitors, and an analysis of public TV's costs and revenues.
In interviews, the consultants found "deep-seated frustration" among public TV execs "far more acute than any that BCG has identified in comparable studies for other clients," but also sensed "a strongly expressed desire for renewal and leadership."
The picture painted by the consultants would be reason enough for acute frustration.
Media economics have changed so that proliferating low-cost "niche" cable networks can now profitably serve audiences significantly smaller than public TV's, the report contends. Cable networks are spending more on original programming, threatening public TV's quality image and viewer loyalty. Though public TV still outspends any of them for original programming, four competing cable nets together — the Discovery Channel, the Arts & Entertainment Network, the Disney Channel and CNN — equal public TV's spending, and their combined buying power, now $360 million, will double in a decade. Public TV in comparison has "no explicit plans for any significant increase in real terms."
Challenge in classrooms, too
Commercial media meanwhile are mounting a parallel challenge to win the school and college audience. Changing media economics are making ITV an attractive market for competitors using satellite (Whittle Communications), cable (CNN Classroom) and videocassette or disc (textbook publishers).
These new instructional media have displaced broadcasting as the "most efficient and effective" media for distribution of educational video materials, the report contends.
The new for-profit competitors will be driven, the consultants believe, by opportunities for "synergy" with their other lines of business — building cable TV's public image and selling textbooks related to classroom videoware.
At the same time, the report projects that rising costs and slowing revenue growth (in part, because of shrinking audiences) will leave public TV with a $250 million funding gap by the end of the decade.
Rather than seeing hope in fundraising, the consultants recommend shifting funds now spent on local production.
New forms of "local presence"
Taking ratings into account, the report says, "stations spend around 50 times more, on a per-viewer-hour basis, on local productions for local use only than…for national programming." The consultants note, however, that some stations get decent ratings for well-made shows.
Acknowledging that local "presence" and autonomy are "essential" to public TV's fundraising and political independence, the report endorses the use of nationally produced material in stations' community activities, as in outreach projects. "Local programming," the consultants contend, "does not necessarily mean local production."
CPB's Coltman says the report is suggesting the stations adopt new ways of doing local programs, instead of traditional half-hour and hour documentaries produced entirely locally.
For example, Zesbaugh, a member of the study's Steering Committee, suggested during a PMN session that stations consider packaging their local production in "bridge breaks" of two minutes, 40 seconds, between programs. That could cut production costs in half and greatly increase viewing of the product, he believes.
James Pagliarini, general manager of KNPB, Reno, speculates that his station might do better for its viewers by halving its $200,000 local production budget and spending the savings on community outreach supporting the best national programs.
The Boston Consulting Group report is "excellent" and "very provocative," Pagliarini says. "I was surprised there wasn't more negative reaction."
Local presence also doesn't necessarily mean having a broadcast tower. "Terrestrial broadcasting is becoming obsolete," the report contends. Though 57 percent of households now subscribe to cable, 89 percent have it available. "The estimate of the number of U.S. households using public television that are unpassed by cable or unable to afford it is about 10 percent."
Stations "should be ready in the long run to migrate entirely away from terrestrial broadcasting," the report advises, "if they can provide greater service to the public in other ways."
The report leads off with a "user's guide" principally written by two members of the study's Steering Committee, David Liroff, station manager of WGBH, Boston, and Kathleen Pavelko, program director at WPSX, University Park, Pa.
To get station decision-makers thinking, the preface offers a series of "provocations." The study asked, among other things: What if stations had no transmitters? No production facilities? Would fewer people watch shows produced more simply? Could studios be closed or shared with commercial stations? Could programs have longer shelf-life? Could stations cut costs by sharing community service campaigns, on-air promotion and operations tasks?
CPB is mailing copies of the study, "Strategies for Public Television in a Multi-channel Environment," to every public TV station. The findings will be discussed next month, Coltman says, at the CPB Board in New Orleans and the Public Telecommunications Financial Management Association meeting in St. Louis.
Another consultant heard from
Coming hard on the heels of the CPB findings is another study commissioned earlier by America's Public Television Stations (APTS). APTS Vice President Ric Grefe says the study, by Denver-based media consultants Bortz & Co., puts more emphasis on future strategies for different types of public TV stations. The Bortz study, still underway, was also discussed at the PMN and CEN meetings, but APTS will use the findings without publishing a formal report, Grefe predicts.


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The children of Israel increase in Egypt after the death of Joseph. (8-14) They are oppressed, but multiply exceedingly. (1-7) The men-children destroyed. (15-22)
(Read Exodus 1:1-7)
During more than 200 years, while Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob lived at liberty, the Hebrews increased slowly; only about seventy persons went down into Egypt. There, in about the same number of years, though under cruel bondage, they became a large nation. This wonderful increase was according to the promise long before made unto the fathers. Though the performance of God's promises is sometimes slow, it is always sure.
(Read Exodus 1:8-14)
The land of Egypt became to Israel a house of bondage. The place where we have been happy, may soon become the place of our affliction; and that may prove the greatest cross to us, of which we said, This same shall comfort us. Cease from man, and say not of any place on this side heaven, This is my rest. All that knew Joseph, loved him, and were kind to his brethren for his sake; but the best and most useful services a man does to others, are soon forgotten after his death. Our great care should be, to serve God, and to please him who is not unrighteous, whatever men are, to forget our work and labour of love. The offence of Israel is, that he prospers. There is no sight more hateful to a wicked man than the prosperity of the righteous. The Egyptians feared lest the children of Israel should join their enemies, and get them up out of the land. Wickedness is ever cowardly and unjust; it makes a man fear, where no fear is, and flee, when no one pursues him. And human wisdom often is foolishness, and very sinful. God's people had task-masters set over them, not only to burden them, but to afflict them with their burdens. They not only made them serve for Pharaoh's profit, but so that their lives became bitter. The Israelites wonderfully increased. Christianity spread most when it was persecuted: the blood of the martyrs was the seed of the church. They that take counsel against the Lord and his Israel, do but imagine a vain thing, and create greater vexation to themselves.
(Read Exodus 1:15-22)
The Egyptians tried to destroy Israel by the murder of their children. The enmity that is in the seed of the serpent, against the Seed of the woman, makes men forget all pity. It is plain that the Hebrews were now under an uncommon blessing. And we see that the services done for God's Israel are often repaid in kind. Pharaoh gave orders to drown all the male children of the Hebrews. The enemy who, by Pharaoh, attempted to destroy the church in this its infant state, is busy to stifle the rise of serious reflections in the heart of man. Let those who would escape, be afraid of sinning, and cry directly and fervently to the Lord for assistance.


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Ted Kaczynski
Letter to a Turkish anarchist
Ted Kaczynski wrote this letter in reply to a Turkish anarchist, Kara, who sent him a series of questions as an interview for her zine. Rather than include Kara's letter, I have quoted only the questions which Kaczynski answered. Spelling and typographical errors, apparently introduced in transcription, have been fixed. Kara's English has been corrected. Section headings have been added.
In the letter, Kaczynski describes his personal motivation for absconding from civilization; he quotes from his journal to explain his motive for seeking its destruction; he asserts the responsibility of technology for civilization; he addresses the idea of non-violence as a value in itself; he rebuts the romanticized vision of primitive society promoted by some primitivists; and he warns against the counter-revolutionary potential of the "Green Anarchist Movement," which he attributes to the influence of leftist values.
Regarding his bombings, Kaczynski claims here that he sought to destroy industrial society only after the land on which he had escaped it was destroyed by development.
The letter follows.
Dear Kara,
I am sorry I have taken so long to answer your letter dated August 12. I am usually busy, especially with answering correspondence, and your letter is one that could not be answered hastily, because some of your questions require long, complicated, carefully-considered answers.
For this same reason, it would cost me an unreasonable amount of time to answer all of your questions. So I will answer only some of them — the ones that seem to me to be most important and those that can be answered easily and briefly.
Kara: Where/when were you born?
I was born in Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., on May 22, 1942.
Kara: Which schools did you graduate from?
I graduated from an elementary school and a high school in Evergreen Park, Illinois. I received a bachelors degree from Harvard University, and masters degree and doctors degree in mathematics from the University of Michigan.
Kara: What was your job?
After receiving my doctors degree from the University of Michigan, I was an assistant professor of mathematics for two years at the University of California.
Kara: Were you married? Do you have children?
I have never been married and have no children.
Rejecting civilization
Kara: You were a mathematician — do you have thoughts like that now? What has changed your ideas wholly? When did you start to think that the problem is in civilisation? Can you tell in a few words why you refused civilisation? How/when did you decide to live in the forest?
A complete answer to these questions would be excessively long and complicated, but I will say the following:
The process through which I came to reject modernity and civilization began when I was eleven years old. At that age I began to be attracted to the primitive way of life as a result of reading of the life of Neanderthal man. In the following years, up to the time when I entered Harvard University at the age of sixteen, I used to dream of escaping from civilization and going to live in some wild place. During the same period, my distaste for modern life grew as I became increasingly aware that people in industrial society were reduced to the status of gears in a machine, that they lacked freedom and were at the mercy of the large organizations that controlled the conditions under which they lived.
After I entered Harvard University I took some courses in anthropology, which taught me more about primitive peoples and gave me an appetite to acquire some of the knowledge that enabled them to live in the wild. For example, I wished to have their knowledge of edible plants. But I had no idea where to get such knowledge until a couple of years later, when I discovered to my surprise that there were books about edible wild plants. The first such a book that I bought was Stalking the Wild Asparagus, by Euell Gibbons, and after that when I was home from college and graduate school during the summers, I went several times each week to the Cook County Forest Preserves near Chicago to look for edible plants. At first it seemed eerie and strange to go all alone into the forest, away from all roads and paths. But as I came to know the forest and many of the plants and animals that lived in it, the feeling of strangeness disappeared and I grew more and more comfortable in the woodland. I also became more and more certain that I did not want to spend my whole life in civilization, and that I wanted to go and live in some wild place.
Meanwhile, I was doing well in mathematics. It was fun to solve mathematical problems, but in a deeper sense mathematics was boring and empty because for me it had no purpose. If I had worked on applied mathematics I would have contributed to the development of the technological society that I hated, so I worked only on pure mathematics. But pure mathematics was only a game. I did not understand then, and I still do not understand, why mathematicians are content to fritter away their whole lives in a mere game. I myself was completely dissatisfied with such a life. I knew what I wanted: to go and live in some wild place. But I didn't know how to do so. In those days there were no primitivist movements, no survivalists, and anyone who left a promising career in mathematics to go live among forests or mountains would have been regarded as foolish or crazy. I did not know even one person who would have understood why I wanted to do such a thing. So, deep in my heart, I felt convinced that I would never be able to escape from civilization.
Because I found modern life absolutely unacceptable, I grew increasingly hopeless until, at the age of 24, I arrived at a kind of crisis: I felt so miserable that I didn't care whether I lived or died. But when I reached that point, a sudden change took place: I realized that if I didn't care whether I lived or died, then I didn't need to fear the consequences of anything I might do. Therefore I could do anything I wanted. I was free! That was the great turning-point in my life because it was then that I acquired courage, which has remained with me ever since. It was at that time, too, that I became certain that I would soon go to live in the wild, no matter what the consequences. I spent two years teaching at the University of California in order to save some money, then I resigned my position and went to look for a place to live in the forest.
Motivation for bombing
Kara: How/when did you decide to bomb?
It would take too much time to give a complete answer to the last part of your ninth question, but I will give you a partial answer by quoting what I wrote for my journal on August 14, 1983:
The fifth of August I began a hike to the east. I got to my hidden camp that I have in a gulch beyond what I call "Diagonal Gulch." I stayed there through the following day, August 6. I felt the peace of the forest there. But there are few huckleberries there, and though there are deer, there is very little small game. Furthermore, it had been a long time since I had seen the beautiful and isolated plateau where the various branches of Trout Creek originate. So I decided to take off for that area on the 7th of August. A little after crossing the roads in the neighborhood of Crater Mountain I began to hear chain saws; the sound seemed to be coming from the upper reaches of Roaster Bill Creek. I assumed they were cutting trees; I didn't like it but I thought I would be able to avoid such things when I got onto the plateau. Walking across the hillsides on my way there, I saw down below me a new road that had not been there previously, and that appeared to cross one of the ridges that close in Stemple Creek. This made me feel a little sick. Nevertheless, I went on to the plateau. What I found there broke my heart. The plateau was criss-crossed with new roads, broad and well-made for roads of that kind. The plateau is ruined forever. The only thing that could save it now would be the collapse of the technological society. I couldn't bear it. That was the best and most beautiful and isolated place around here and I have wonderful memories of it.
One road passed within a couple of hundred feet of a lovely spot where I camped for a long time a few years ago and passed many happy hours. Full of grief and rage I went back and camped by South Fork Humbug Creek.
The next day I started for my home cabin. My route took me past a beautiful spot, a favorite place of mine where there was a spring of pure water that could safely be drunk without boiling. I stopped and said a kind of prayer to the spirit of the spring. It was a prayer in which I swore that I would take revenge for what was being done to the forest.
My journal continues: "[...] and then I returned home as quickly as I could because I have something to do!"
You can guess what it was that I had to do.
Technology and civilization
Kara: What made you decide to bomb technological areas? How do you think we can we destroy civilisation? What will make its destruction closer?
Anything like a complete answer to these questions would take too much time. But the following remarks are relevant:
The problem of civilization is identical with the problem of technology. Let me first explain that when I speak of technology I do not refer only to physical apparatus such as tools and machines. I include also techniques, such as the techniques of chemistry, civil engineering, or biotechnology. Included too are human techniques such as those of propaganda or of educational psychology, as well as organizational techniques that could not exist at an advanced level without the physical apparatus — the tools, machines, and structures — on which the whole technological system depends.
However, technology in the broader sense of the word includes not only modern technology but also the techniques and physical apparatuses that existed at earlier stages of society. For example, plows, harnesses for animals, blacksmiths tools, domesticated breed of plants and animals, and the techniques of agriculture, animal husbandry, and metalworking. Early civilizations depended on these technologies, as well as on the human and organizational techniques needed to govern large numbers of people. Civilizations cannot exist without the technology on which they are based. Conversely, where the technology is available civilization is likely to develop sooner or later.
Thus, the problem of civilization can be equated with the problem of technology. The farther back we can push technology, the father back we will push civilization. If we could push technology all the way back to the stone age, there would be no more civilization.
Kara: Don't you think violence is violence?
In reference to my alleged actions you ask, "Don't you think violence is violence?" Of course, violence is violence. And violence is also a necessary part of nature. If predators did not kill members of prey species, then the prey species would multiply to the point where they would destroy their environment by consuming everything edible. Many kinds of animals are violent even against members their own species. For example, it is well known that wild chimpanzees often kill other chimpanzees. See, e.g., Time Magazine, August 19, 202, page 56. In some regions, fights are common among wild bears. The magazine Bear and Other Top Predators, Volume 1, Issue 2, pages 28–29, shows a photograph of bears fighting and a photograph of a bear wounded in a fight, and mentions that such wounds can be deadly. Among the sea birds called brown boobies, two eggs are laid in each nest. After the eggs are hatched, one of the young birds attacks the other and forces it out of the nest, so that it dies. See article "Sibling Desperado," Science News, Volume 163, February 15, 2003.
Human beings in the wild constitute one of the more violent species. A good general survey of the cultures of hunting-and-gathering people is The Hunting Peoples, by Carleton S. Coon, published by Little, Brown and Company, Boston and Toronto, 1971, and in this book you will find numerous examples in hunting-and-gathering societies of violence by human beings against other human beings. Professor Coon makes clear (pages XIX, 3, 4, 9, 10) that he admires hunting-and-gathering peoples and regards them as more fortunate than civilized ones. But he is an honest man and does not censor out those aspects of primitive life, such as violence, that appear disagreeable to modern people.
Thus, it is clear that a significant amount of violence is a natural part of human life. There is nothing wrong with violence in itself. In any particular case, whether violence is good or bad depends on how it is used and the purpose for which it is used.
So why do modern people regard violence as evil in itself? They do so for one reason only: they have been brainwashed by propaganda. Modern society uses various forms of propaganda to teach people to be frightened and horrified by violence because the technoindustrial system needs a population that is timid, docile, and afraid to assert itself, a population that will not make trouble or disrupt the orderly functioning of the system. Power depends ultimately on physical force. By teaching people that violence is wrong (except, of course, when the system itself uses violence via the police or the military), the system maintains its monopoly on physical force and thus keeps all power in its own hands.
Whatever philosophical or moral rationalizations people may invent to explain their belief that violence is wrong, the real reason for that belief is that they have unconsciously absorbed the system's propaganda.
Green Anarchism
Kara: How do you see anarchists, green-anarchists, anarcho-primitivists? Do you agree with them? How do you see vegetarianism/veganism? What do you think about refusing to eat and use animals? What do you think about Animal/Earth Liberation? What do you think about groups such as Earth First!, Earth Liberation Front and Gardening Guerillas?
All of the groups you mention here are part of a single movement. (Let's call it the "Green Anarchist" (GA) Movement). Of course, these people are right to the extent that they oppose civilization and the technology on which it is based. But, because of the form in which this movement is developing, it may actually help to protect the technoindustrial system and may serve as an obstacle to revolution. I will explain:
It is difficult to suppress rebellion directly. When rebellion is put down by force, it very often breaks out again later in some new form in which the authorities find it more difficult to control. For example, in 1878 the German Reichstag enacted harsh and repressive laws against Social-Democratic movement, as a result of which the movement was crushed and its members were scattered, confused, and discouraged. But only for a short time. The movement soon reunited itself, became more energetic, and found new ways of spreading its ideas, so that by 1884 it was stronger than ever. G. A. Zimmermann, Das Neunzehnte Jahrhundert: Geshichtlicher und kulturhistorischer Rückblick, Druck und Verlag von Geo. Brumder, Milwaukee, 1902, page 23.
Thus, astute observers of human affairs know that the powerful classes of a society can most effectively defend themselves against rebellion by using force and direct repression only to a limited extent, and relying mainly on manipulation to deflect rebellion. One of the most effective devices used is that of providing channels through which rebellious impulses can be expressed in ways that are harmless to the system. For example, it is well known that in the Soviet Union the satirical magazine Krokodil was designed to provide an outlet for complaints and for resentment of the authorities in a way that would lead no one to question the legitimacy of the Soviet system or rebel against it in any serious way.
But the "democratic" system of the West has evolved mechanisms for deflecting rebellion that are far more sophisticated and effective than any that existed in the Soviet Union. It is a truly remarkable fact that in modern Western society people "rebel" in favor of the values of the very system against which they imagine themselves to be rebelling. The left "rebels" in favor of racial and religious equality, equality for women and homosexuals, humane treatment of animals, and so forth. But these are the values that the American mass media teach us over and over again every day. Leftists have been so thoroughly brainwashed by media propaganda that they are able to "rebel" only in terms of these values, which are values of the technoindustrial system itself. In this way the system has successfully deflected the rebellious impulses of the left into channels that are harmless to the system.
Primitive society
The romanticized vision
Rebellion against technology and civilization is real rebellion, a real attack on the values of the existing system. But the green anarchist, anarcho-primitivists, and so forth (the "GA Movement") have fallen under such heavy influence from the left that their rebellion against civilization has to a great extent been neutralized. Instead of rebelling against the values of civilization, they have adopted many civilized values themselves and have constructed an imaginary picture of primitive societies that embodies these civilized values. They pretend that hunter-gatherers worked only two or three hours a day (which would come to 14 to 21 hours a week), that they had gender equality, that they respected the rights of animals, that they took care not to damage their environment, and so forth. But all that is a myth. If you will read many reports written by people who personally observed hunting-and-gathering societies at a time when these were relatively free of influence from civilization, you will see that:
All of these societies ate some form of animal food, none were vegan.
Most (if not all) of these societies were cruel to animals.
The majority of these societies did not have gender equality.
The estimate of two or three hours of work a day, or 14 to 21 hours per week, is based on a misleading definition of "work." A more realistic minimum estimate for fully nomadic hunter-gatherers would probably be about forty hours of work per week, and some worked a great deal more than that.
Most of these societies were not nonviolent.
Competition existed in most, or probably all of these societies. In some of them competition could take violent forms.
These societies varied greatly in the extent to which they took care not to damage their environment. Some may have been excellent conservationists, but others damaged their environment through over-hunting, reckless use of fire, or in other ways.
I could cite numerous reliable sources of information in support of the foregoing statements, but if I did so this letter would become unreasonably long. So I will reserve full documentation for a more suitable occasion. Here I mention only a few examples.
Cruelty to animals
Mbuti pygmies:
The youngster had spread it with his first thrust, pinning the animal to the ground through the fleshy part of the stomach. But the animal was still very much alive, fighting for freedom. [...] Maipe put another spear into its neck, but it still writhed and fought. Not until a third spear pierced its heart did it give up the struggle. [...] [T]he Pygmies stood around in an excited group, pointing at the dying animal and laughing. At other times I have seen Pygmies singeing the feathers off birds that were still alive, explaining that the meat is more tender if death comes slowly. And the hunting dogs, valuable as they are, get kicked around mercilessly from the day they are born to the day die.
— Colin Turnbull, The Forest People, Simon and Schuster, 1962, page 101.
Eskimos: The Eskimos with whom Gontran de Poncins lived kicked and beat their dogs brutally. Gontran de Poncins, Kabloona, Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, 1980, pages 29, 30, 49, 189, 196, 198–99, 212, 216.
Siriono: The Siriono sometimes captured young animals alive and brought them back to camp, but they gave them nothing to eat, and the animals were treated so roughly by the children that they soon died. Allan R. Holmberg, Nomads of the Long Bow: The Siriono of Eastern Bolivia, The Natural History Press, Garden City, New York, 1969, pages 69–70, 208. (The Siriono were not pure hunter-gatherers, since they did plant crops to a limited extent at certain times of year, but they lived mostly by hunting and gathering. Holmberg, pages 51, 63, 67, 76–77, 82–83, 265.)
Lack of gender equality
Mbuti pygmies: Turnbull says that among the Mbuti, "A woman is in no way the social inferior of a man" (Colin Turnbull, Wayward Servants, The Natural History Press, Garden City, New York, 1965, page 270), and that "the woman is not discriminated against" (Turnbull, Forest People, page 154). But in the very same books Turnbull states a number of facts that show that the Mbuti did not have gender equality as that term is understood today. "A certain amount of wife-beating is considered good, and the wife is expected to fight back." Wayward Servants, page 287. "He said that he was very content with his wife, and he had not found it necessary to beat her at all often." Forest People, page 205. Man throws his wife to the ground and slaps her.
Wayward Servants, page 211. Husband beats wife. Wayward Servants, page 192. Mbuti practice what Americans would call "date rape." Wayward Servants, page 137. Turnbull mentions two instances of men giving orders to their wives. Wayward Servants, page 288–89; Forest People, page 265. I have not found any instance in Turnbull's books of wives giving orders to their husbands.
Siriono: The Siriono did not beat their wives. Holmberg, page 128. But: "A woman is subservient to her husband." Holmberg, page 125. "The extended family is generally dominated by the oldest active male." Page 129. "[W]omen [...] are dominated by the men." Page 147. "Sexual advances are generally made by the men. [...] If a man is out in the forest alone with a woman he may throw her to the ground roughly and take his prize without so much saying a word." Page 163. Parents definitely prefer to have male children. Page 202. Also see pages 148, 156, 168–69, 210, 224.
Australian Aborigines: "Farther north and west [in Australia] [...] [p]erceptible power lay in the hands of the mature, fully initiated, and usually polygynous men of the age group from thirty to fifty, and the control over the women and younger males was shared between them." Carleton S. Coon, The Hunting Peoples (cited earlier), page 255. Among some Australian tribes, young women were forced to marry old men, mainly so that they should work for the men. Women who refused were beaten until they gave in. See Aldo Massola, The Aborigines of South-Eastern Australia: As They Were, The Griffin Press, Adelaide, Australia, 1971. I don't have the exact page, but you will probably find the foregoing between pages 70 and 80.
Time spent working
A good general discussion of this is by Elizabeth Cashdan, Hunters and Gatherers: Economic Behaviour in Bands, in Stuart Plattner (editor), Economic Anthropology, Stanford University Press, 1989, pages 21–48. Cashdan discusses a study by Richard Lee, who found that a certain group of Kung Bushmen worked a little more that forty hours per week. And she points out on pages 24–25 that there was evidence that Lees study was made at a time of year when the Kung worked least, and they may have worked a great deal more at other times of year. She points out on page 26 that Lee's study did not include time spent on care of children. And on pages 24–25 she mentions other hunter-gatherers who worked longer hours than the Bushmen studied by Lee. Forty hours per week is probably a minimum estimate of the working time of fully nomadic hunter-gatherers. Gontran de Poncins, Kabloona (cited earlier), page 111, stated that the Eskimos with whom he lived toiled fifteen hours a day. He probably did not mean that they worked fifteen hours every day, but it is clear from his book that his Eskimos worked plenty hard.
Among the Mbuti pygmies who use nets to hunt, "Net-making is virtually a full-time occupation [...] in which both men and women indulge whenever they have both the spare time and the inclination." Turnbull, Forest People, page 131. Among the Siriono, the men hunted, on average, every other day. Holmberg, pages 75–76. They started at daybreak and returned to camp typically between four and six o'clock in the afternoon. Holmberg, pages 100–101. This makes on average at least eleven hours of hunting, and at three and a half days a week it comes to an average of 38 hours of hunting per week, at the least. Since the men also did a significant amount of work on days when they did not hunt (pages 76, 100), their work week, averaged over the year, had to be far more than forty hours. Actually, Holmberg estimated that the Siriono spent about half their waking time in hunting and foraging (page 222), which would mean about 56 hours a week in these activities alone. With other work included, the work week would have had to be well over sixty hours. The Siriono woman "enjoys even less respite from labor than her husband," and "the obligation of bringing her children to maturity leaves little time for rest." Holmberg, page 224. For other information indicating how hard the Siriono had to work, see pages 87, 107, 157, 213, 220, 223, 246, 248–49, 254, 268.
As mentioned earlier, numerous examples of violence can be found in Coon's The Hunting Peoples. According to Gontran de Poncins, Kabloona, pages 116–120, 125, 162–165, 237–238, 244, homicides — usually by a stab in the back — were rather common among his Eskimos. The Mbuti pygmies were probably one of the least violent primitive peoples that I know of, since Turnbull reports no cases of homicide among them (apart from infanticide; see Wayward Servants, page 130). However, throughout The Forest People and Wayward Servants Turnbull mentions many beatings and fights with fists or sticks. Paul Schebesta, Die Bambuti-Pygäen vom Ituri, Volume I, Institute Royal Colonial Belge, Brussels, 1938, pages 81–84, reports evidence that during the first half of the 19th century the Mbuti waged deadly warfare against the village-dwelling Africans who also lived in their forest. (For infanticide, see Schebesta, page 138.)
The presence of competition in hunting-and-gathering societies is shown by the fights that occurred in some of them. See for example Coon, Hunting Peoples, pages 238, 252, 257–58. If a physical fight isn't a form of competition, then nothing is.
Fights may arise from competition for mates. For instance, Turnbull, Wayward Servants, pages 206, mentions a woman who lost three teeth in fighting with another woman over a man. Coon, page 260, mentions fighting over women by Australian aboriginal men. Competition for food may also lead to quarreling. "This is not to say that sharing [of meat] takes place without any dispute or acrimony. On the contrary, the arguments that ensue when the hunt returns to camp are frequently long and loud [...]." Turnbull, Wayward Servants, page 158. Coon refers to "vociferous arguments" over sharing of whale meat among certain Eskimos. Hunting Peoples, page 125.
I could go on and on citing concrete facts that show how ridiculous is the image of primitive peoples as non-competitive, vegetarian conservationists who had gender equality, respected the rights of animals, and didn't have to work for a living. But this letter is already too long, so the examples already given will have to suffice.
I don't mean to say that the hunting-and-gathering way of life was no better than modern life. On the contrary, I believe it was better beyond comparison. Many, perhaps most investigators who have studied hunter-gatherers have expressed their respect, their admiration, or even their envy of them. For example, Cashdan, page 21, refers to the hunting-and-gathering way of life as "highly successful." Coon, page XIX, refers to the "full and satisfactory lives" of hunter-gatherers. Turnbull, Forest People, page 26, writes:
[The Mbuti] were a people who had found in the forest something that made their life more than just worth living, something that made it, with all its hardships and problems and tragedies, a wonderful thing full of joy and happiness and free of care.
Schebesta writes, page 73:
How varied are the dangers, but also the joyous experiences on his hunting-excursions and countless journeys through the primeval forest! We of an unpoetic, mechanical age can have no more than an inkling of how deeply all of that touches the forest people in their mystical-magical thinking and shapes their attitude.
And on page 205:
The pygmies stand before us as one of the most natural of human races, as people who live exclusively in compliance with nature and without violation of their physical organism. Among their principal traits are an unusually sturdy naturalness and liveness, and an unparalleled cheerfulness and freedom from care. They are people whose lives pass in compliance with the laws of nature.
But obviously the reasons why primitive life was better than civilized life had nothing to do with gender equality, kindness to animals, non-competitiveness, or non-violence. Those values are the soft values of modern civilization. By projecting those values onto hunting-and-gathering societies, the GA Movement has created a myth of a primitive utopia that never existed in reality.
Green Anarchism and revolution
Thus, even though the GA Movement claims to reject civilization and modernity, it remains enslaved to some of the most important values of modern society. For this reason, the GA Movement cannot be an effective revolutionary movement.
In the first place, part of the GA Movements energy is deflected away from the real revolutionary objective — to eliminate modern technology and civilization in general — in favor of the pseudo-revolutionary issues of racism, sexism, animal rights, homosexual rights, and so forth.
In the second place, because of its commitment to these pseudo-revolutionary issues, the GA Movement may attract too many leftists — people who are less interested in getting rid of modern civilization than they are in the leftist issues of racism, sexism, etc. This would cause a further deflection of the movements energy away from the issues of technology and civilization.
In the third place, the objective of securing the rights of women, homosexuals, animals, and so forth, is incompatible with the objective of eliminating civilization, because women and homosexuals in primitive societies often do not have equality, and such societies are usually cruel to animals. If one's goal is to secure the rights of these groups, then ones best policy is to stick with modern civilization.
In the fourth place, the GA Movements adoption of many of the soft values of modern civilization, as well as its myth of a soft primitive utopia, attracts too many soft, dreamy, lazy, impractical people who are more inclined to retreat into utopian fantasies than to take effective, realistic action to get rid of the technoindustrial system.
In fact, there is grave danger that the GA Movement may take the same route as Christianity. Originally, under the personal leadership of Jesus Christ, Christianity was not only a religious movement but also a movement toward social revolution. As a purely religious movement Christianity turned out to be successful, but as a revolutionary movement it was a complete failure. It did nothing to correct the social inequalities of its time, and as soon as the Christians had an opportunity to make a deal with the emperor Constantine they sold out and became part of the power-structure of the Roman Empire.
There appear to be some disquieting resemblances between the psychology of the GA Movement and that of early Christianity. The analogies between the two movements are striking: primitive utopia = Garden of Eden; development of civilization = the Fall, original sin, eating the apple from the Tree of Knowledge; the Revolution = Day of Judgment; return to primitive utopia = arrival of the Kingdom God. Veganism probably plays the same psychological role as the dietary restrictions of Christianity (fasting during Lent) and of other religions. The risks taken by activists in using their bodies to block logging machinery and so forth can be compared to the martyrdom of early Christians who died for their beliefs (except that the Christians' martyrdom required far more courage than the tactics of today's activists do). If the GA Movement takes the same path as Christianity, it too will be a complete failure as a revolutionary movement.
The GA Movement may be not only useless, but worse than useless, because it may be an obstacle to the development of an effective revolutionary movement. Since opposition to technology and civilization is an important part of the GA Movements program, young people who are concerned about what technological civilization is doing to the world are drawn into that movement. Certainly not all of these young people are leftists or soft, dreamy, ineffectual types; some of them have potential to become real revolutionaries. But in the GA Movement they are outnumbered by leftists and other useless people, so they are neutralized, they become corrupted, and their revolutionary potential is wasted. In this sense, the GA Movement could be called a destroyer of potential revolutionaries.
It will be necessary to build a new revolutionary movement that will keep itself strictly separate from the GA Movement and its soft, civilized values. I don't mean that there is anything wrong with gender equality, kindness to animals, tolerance of homosexuality, or the like. But these values have no relevance to the effort to eliminate technological civilization. They are not revolutionary values. An effective revolutionary movement will have to adopt instead the hard values of primitive societies, such as skill, self-discipline, honesty, physical and mental stamina, intolerance of externally-imposed restraints, capacity to endure physical pain, and, above all, courage.
P.S. Letters addressed to me sometimes fail to reach me, so if you should write to me and get no answer, you can assume that I did not receive your letter. — TJK
Sincerely yours,
Ted Kaczynski
Enclosures: Photocopies of pages 28 and 29 of magazine Bears and Other Top Predators, Volume 1, Issue 2.
Photocopy of article "Sibling Desperado," Science News, Volume 163, February 15, 2003.
Ted Kaczynski can be reached at the following address:
Theodore John Kaczynski
U.S. Penitentiary Max
P.O. Box 8500
Florence, CO 81226–8500


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Ghost Copper Pearl- Black Diamond Metallic Pigment
42 gram/1.5oz Container
Metallic Colour Pigments are special effect pigments composed of mica nano-particles coated with various organic and inorganic pigments to create pearlescent and iridescent effects that mimic the natural look of stone and rock formations.
They can be added to any clear base to create an incredible color or these pigments turn to a pastel color if added to a white or grey base.
Watch it Being Poured Below!


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Healing is possible. I've walked the journey. And I want to see you find raucous, wild healing, to be set free from what has tormented you. I want you to hold this book in your hands, read its message of hope, and walk your own freedom path.
Read The IntroCall a truce on the effects of sexual abuse.
I didn't do this.
For far too many years. I resigned myself to let the rapes from the past mess with my head and heart. Flashbacks invaded my sleep. I startled far too easily. Sex within marriage became scary and complicated. I often wondered if I'd ever be normal. I even disconnected from those I loved the most.
The mark that sexual abuse gave me felt indelible, permanently inked with a Sharpie pen. And no matter of scrubbing erased it. (Have you ever felt this way?)
But they didn't erase.
The pathway to healing came when I realized I needed to face the past again, to choose to heal for my sake and for the sake of those who loved me. I desperately needed freedom. Have you had this same ache?
You are not alone. Not Marked is my way of coming alongside you, cheering you toward a new, new life.
Not Marked will help you:
The only mark that remains is the mark of Jesus' great affection for us.
Live and breathe there.
Buy Not Marked
Mary DeMuth is an author and speaker who loves to help people live uncaged, unmarked lives. As a five-year-old, she was repeatedly raped by neighborhood bullies and has spent many years processing and healing from that violation.
She's the author of sixteen books, including six novels and her critically acclaimed memoir, Thin Places. After church planting in Southern France, Mary, her husband Patrick, and their three young adult kids now live in the burbs of Dallas.
She writes Not Marked with Patrick who has graciously and patiently walked alongside her as she healed from the scars of abuse. He's a graduate of Dallas Theological Seminary and pastors a Life Group at Lakepointe Church.
I wish I could say that sexual abuse only affected me, but the truth is, other people are hurt because we've been hurt. It's so not fair, but it's reality.
That's why I felt it extremely important to add Patrick's voice to this project. After every chapter, he shares his perspective as the spouse of a victim, how he coped, what he did right and wrong, and how we healed together.
Not Marked is for those who have been exploited, but it's also for those who want to help loved ones who can't seem to get beyond their painful memories of sexual abuse.
Sarah Bessey
author of Jesus Feminist
"There is no one I trust more than Mary to come alongside those wounded by sexual abuse and then, with gentleness and compassion and strength, breathe hope and healing into their souls. Mary knows her stuff, absolutely, but what sets her apart is her deep love for Jesus, and her faith-filled commitment to seeing wholeness and healing become a reality for people who have suffered from sexual abuse. This book will bring healing and hope to so many."
Jennie Allen
Author of Anything
"Mary's bravery is essential in a day when 1 in 4 women have suffered abuse. This project was not optional, it was a calling and God will use it to heal many women, who feel alone."
Jeff Goins
Author of The In-Between: Embracing the Tension Between Now and the Next Big Thing
"Silence and shame are nobody's friends. This book is many things, including a brutal but beautiful account of one woman's path to healing. But for me, it's a reminder to open my mouth. Thank you, Mary, for going first — for speaking up on behalf of those whose voices need to be heard."
Carolyn Sidereas
Ms,LPC-S, Director of Lake Pointe Church Counseling, Rockwall, Texas
"Mary has written a courageous book about her journey healing from sexual abuse. She is raw, authentic, and encouraging. Anyone who is a survivor of sexual abuse will not feel alone but will relate to so many of Mary and Patrick's struggles. You can hear her hope and the truth about God's presence in healing. You will be touched by her strength and fierce grip on God's steadfast hand, to overcome and replace the lies of the enemy with God's truth and love. "
Frank Viola
Author of God's Favorite Place on Earth
"A brutally candid but elegant unveiling penned by one of today's foremost Christian authors. If you've suffered any kind of abuse in life, Mary's superb new book will lead you by the hand to the world's greatest Healer who knows exactly how to restore your heart and set you free from guilt, shame, and bitterness."
Chuck Roberts
M.A., LPC, Managing Director Center for Biblical Counseling, McKinney, Texas
"As a counselor it's often difficult to ask someone to walk the painful path to healing from childhood sexual abuse. I know it's the path to freedom, but the journey often feels lonely and frightening. Thanks to Mary DeMuth's wise and courageous book I can say to a client, 'Read this and you won't feel so alone. Mary has a map and she will make the trip with you.'"
Sundi Jo Graham
Speaker, Author, and Founder of Esther's House of Redemption
"Divinely inspired words that will heal your heart, give you the steps to be redeemed from your past, and offer you hope. You can't read this book and walk away unchanged."
Lisa Whittle
Author of Whole
"I find Not Marked to be a most powerful read. Mary DeMuth, an in-the-trenches-with-you author, comes with a fractured past, yet the healing she has found since is what covers the pages. I love the idea that broken people will read this book and find community. I love, most, that they will read it and find hope."
Amy K Sorrells
Author of How Sweet the Sound
"A raw and brave sojourn into the difficult--but possible--work of healing from childhood sexual abuse, Not Marked should be a top resource on counselor and pastoral shelves, as well as in the homes of survivors. A welcome, no holds barred, Christian perspective into the realities survivors face on the road toward discovering hope and freedom."
Julie Barnhill
Author and speaker, www.juliebarnhill.com
"Not sure you can (or want to) trust your 'marked' heart, body, soul, and story to yet one more, perhaps, unknown author? If so, let me encourage you to turn or scroll your way to 'Appendix One: Answers.' Read and discover for yourself the heart and bold intentionality of honesty which Mary brings to the page for your good. This, coupled with the interspersed observations of her husband, makes for a powerfully written instrument of 'Not Marked' change."
Dan King
speaker and co-author of Activist Faith: From Him and For Him
"Just. Wow. This it a brave work that does more than merely bringing a candle into the darkness. Rather it brings a 100,000 lumens spotlight in and demands that we see the issue of sexual abuse in plain daylight. Better yet, it shines on the healing and hope that can be found in a Christ whose heart breaks at the pain suffered by so many victims. I applaud Mary for using her story and experience to bring the same redemption for others."
Deidra Riggs
Managing Editor, TheHighCalling.org
"One of the things I esteem in Mary DeMuth is the generosity with which she shares her story. 2 Corinthians tells us, after we've received comfort from God in our own dark journeys and come out on the other side, we — in the same way this God of comfort comforted us — can then comfort others who struggle under their own weight of pain. Not Marked is Mary's gift of encouragement to you; a result of Mary experiencing, first-hand, a brand new freedom in Christ."
Christy Tennant Krispin
"Mary DeMuth has guts. This book took a great amount of courage and surrender to write, and by her example of bold honesty, Mary is giving others permission to tell their own stories of abuse. But she is also holding up a torch to light the path to healing, as she demonstrates that the trauma of abuse is not the end of the story. There is healing in the love of Jesus, and, having experienced it bit by bit over years of walking in the light of that love, it is as if she is now taking each reader by the hand and guiding them to Him, so that they may be healed as well."
Andy Traub
Author and Podcaster
"It's so difficult to hear about how my friend Mary was abused and victimized, but I'm so grateful Mary wrote this book. It is a tool for those who have been abused, but it's also a tool for people like me who want to help friends but don't know how. Mary's husband's contribution to this book is particularly important for spouses of victims. I was moved by his words as much as I was moved by hers."
Caitlin Muir
Flawed Jesus follower, storyteller, and friend. www.CaitlinMuir.com
"Your story is not over. The chances are you know someone whose sense of worth has been stolen by senseless sexual acts. Maybe it's happened to you. If you were the one hurt, know that you are not alone. Not Marked is Mary's story. Like far too many of you, she's been hurt badly. She's been to those dark places and struggled to find healing for years. It was a journey. It took a long time. But she found healing. Her story wasn't over yet."
Jeanne Damoff
Author and Speaker
"Mary DeMuth's book, Not Marked, is a gift to anyone who has experienced sexual abuse, especially those who've suffered alone, silenced by fear or shame. It's an invitation to hear and be heard. A doorway to real change. Mary's openness about her own relentless, ongoing pursuit of healing encourages others to bravely face their past, to give and receive forgiveness, and to press on toward a hopeful and beautiful future. Boldly practical, gut-wrenchingly honest, and drenched with soul-refreshing empathy, Not Marked faces thorny questions head on and exposes lies, thereby stripping them of their power.
Mary's advice regarding sexual intimacy in marriage is applicable even for those who haven't suffered abuse, and her hard-won wisdom is underscored and enhanced by husband Patrick's helpful insights, as he honestly shares the struggles and responsibilities of a sex-abuse victim's spouse. Their journey as a couple reveals an important truth: Darkness flees before light, but first we have to let the light in, and that means revisiting the dark places. The good news? We don't go alone. Jesus goes with us, and He not only reveals and redefines reality, He redeems it, beautifying even the deepest scars.
This book is a road map to restoration and real joy. I hope it finds its way into the hands of those who need it, and I pray the Healer meets them on the pages."
"For all those who feel marked, tainted, and unnecessary on this earth:
I hope you close this book cleansed, renewed, and wholly loved, living an umarked story."
— Mary
Sexual abuse has far reaching impact in our lives, often years and years later. My hope in sharing this quiz is to help you identify possible ways it has hurt you, not so you feel marked and marred, but so you can understand the new places God wants you to heal. Feel free to use this quiz as a guide in the following ways:
I pray this quiz will be eye opening and helpful to you as you tenaciously pursue healing.
© 2013 Mary DeMuth. All Rights Reserved. Site by Author Media.


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False Economy: Saving Money on This Summer Activity Could Be Catastrophic for Your Kids
publication date: Jun 20, 2011
In ground pools are disruptive and costly to have installed. And, in some communities, despite the fact that a pool won't enhance your home's value, you'll get socked with higher property taxes for your new pool.
So, increasing numbers of folks have turned to portable pools which have gained in popularity as a low cost and simpler alternative to an in ground pool. Unfortunately, that financial savings may come at a bigger expense - the potential drowning of a young child. In fact, according to a just released study from Center for Injury Research and Policy of The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, every five days a child drowns in a portable pool during the summer in the U.S.
Here's what you should know:
"The study, which...will appear in the July 2011 print issue of Pediatrics, found that every five days a child drowns in a portable pool during the summer in the United States. The majority of cases in the study, which looked at both fatal and non-fatal submersion events, involved children under 5 years of age (94 percent), involved males (56 percent), involved pools in the child's own yard (73 percent) and occurred during the summer months (81 percent).
"Because portable pools are generally small, inexpensive and easy to use, parents often do not think about the potential dangers these pools present," said Gary Smith, MD, DrPH, senior author of the study and director of the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Children's Hospital. "It only takes a couple of minutes and a few inches of water for a child to drown. It is important for parents to realize that portable pools can be just as dangerous as in-ground pools."
It is also vital that parents realize that while supervision by an adult when children are in a pool is important, it is not enough. More than 40 percent of the children in this study were being supervised by an adult at the time of the submersion event. In 18 percent of cases, a brief lapse in supervision, such as socializing with neighbors, answering the telephone and doing chores, was enough to allow a submersion event to occur.
The study's authors emphasize that multiple layers of protection should be used to prevent portable pool submersions, including measures to prevent children from accessing pools when adults are not present, keeping children safe during use and being prepared to respond if a submersion injury does occur.
A hurdle that parents face is the relatively high cost or lack of availability of drowning prevention tools such as isolation fencing, safety covers, lockable or removable ladders and pool alarms specifically designed for portable pools.
"Drowning prevention tools used for in-ground pools are often either too expensive or simply not available for portable pools," said Dr. Smith, also a professor of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. "Portable pool manufacturers should develop more effective and affordable tools to help parents decrease the drowning hazards associated with these products."
This is the first study of pediatric submersion events occurring in portable pools. Data for this study were obtained from the four U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission data banks, the Death Certificate file, the Injury/Potential Injury Incident file, the In-Depth Investigation file and the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System."


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WUHAN, China – In the early days of the coronavirus outbreak in China, authorities in the country reportedly spent time detaining people who were attempting to spread information about it.
The New York Times and Business Insider both report that journalists were detained and threatened with arrest while reporting on the virus that was beginning to spread in Wuhan.
The Times says a group of Hong Kong journalist were taken into custody for a few hours after going to a Wuhan hospital that took most of the patients.
While detained, the newspaper reports that the reporters were asked to delete their TV footage and hand in their phones and cameras for inspection.
The current outbreak, which has left at least 25 people dead and hundreds ill as of Friday, is being compared to the SARS disaster, which the Chinese government attempted to cover up in the early 2000s.
As the severe impact of the viral respiratory illness became clear, journalists and other critics helped shame officials into opening up about the problem.
While the Chinese government has been more transparent with the current viral outbreak, the reported treatment of those spreading information is drawing familiar criticisms.
The new deadly coronavirus is being called 2019 Novel Coronavirus, or "2019-nCoV." It has spread to several countries, including the United States, where two cases have been confirmed as of Friday. The Centers for Disease Control says more infections in the U.S. are expected, as 63 people in 22 states are being evaluated for symptoms possibly related to the virus.


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Which Non-American Guy Would You Like To Bring to Thanksgiving?
Happy Turkey Day! Thanksgiving is all about spending time with the special people in your life, and this year we'd like to open up the table to some new guests who might not be familiar with our delicious traditions. Canadians Ryan Reynolds and Ryan Gosling have their own version, though our neighbors to the North do things a little differently. Meanwhile, Brit Robert Pattinson, Swedish Alexander Skarsgard, Mexican Gael Garcia Bernal, and Spanish Enrique Iglesias may need to be introduced to what the holiday is all about. Buzz already picked out the TV families they'd like to feast with and now we want to know — which non-American Hollywood hottie would you like to bring to American Thanksgiving?
Cast Your VOTE at PopSugar
via Twilightish
Not that he is available for Thanksgiving. lol I'm pretty sure Rob and Kristen are now thanking each other in their own way. har har.
Seriously, I think Kristen is preparing some intimate turkey dinner for friends and Rob is dutifully helping in the kitchen.


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From the manufacturer:
The Wedge series is the work horse of our line up. It's for beginners and maturing young skimmers alike. The Wedge comes in three different sizes to accommodate a number of rider profiles and is built using our Composilite™ construction for unrivaled performance and durability surpassing other manufacturers boards in its class.
*Rider size suggested is for average fitness and ability. Experienced riders may prefer smaller size and beginners may require a larger size.
Build Material > Composilite
Finish > Tuff Coat Gloss
Resin > Polyester


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Byron Dorgan's retirement has made John Hoeven, the three-term Republican governor of North Dakota, very close to a lock to become a US Senator if he runs. So will he? TPM's Eric Kleefeld has the goods:
[North Dakota] State GOP chairman Gary Emineth told Politico: "I expect Gov. Hoeven to get in, and he's going to work through personal issues relating to his family, but I would be shocked if he's not in the Senate race soon."
North Dakota GOP political director Adam Jones explained to me that the family issues referred to here were simply a matter of Hoeven talking to his family about the prospect of a Senate run and a move to Washington. "First and foremost, the governor is a father and husband before he's a public servant," said Jones. "First he has to decide what's good for his family."
I asked Jones if he thought there was any significant chance that Hoeven wouldn't make the race. His response: "No, absolutely not."
That seems settled. It's worth noting that Hoeven has a truly weird doesn't-match-his-hair mustache and is really young-looking (he's 52). At first, I thought he actually looked kind of bizarrely like Michael Cera. Unfortunately, a few minutes with Photoshop revealed that this was a fairly stupid theory that will not hold up under scrutiny. Behold:


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A trail mix buffet is a fun option for your western or rustic themed reunion or party. If your occasion is more formal you can dress up your buffet with glass apothecary jars for a fancier look which lends itself to fancier parties such as wedding receptions or anniversary celebrations. A trail mix buffet is also a fun treat idea for a movie themed or kid themed party.
For our family reunion of 100 guests we used large tin foil pans to put the many treat options in but using a variety of glass jars, tin buckets, and baskets are great for holding all the delicious goodies your guests can choose from. .
Serving guests is a breeze and everyone fills their own containers (paper sacks, sandwich bags, party treat bags, boxes or paper ice cream cups) with their favorite treats.
You can use healthy ingredients for your buffet featuring raisins, nuts and seeds or a kids favorite buffet using cereals, M & M's and gummy bears. Use your imagination when selecting treats for your buffet.
Here's a list of possible options for your buffet:
nuts- almonds, peanuts, pecans, cashews etc.
pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds
cereal such as Cheerios, Trix, Chex, Fruit Loops or Captain Crunch etc.
chocolate chips, butterscotch chips, vanilla or peanut butter chips etc.
candy- M&M's, candy corn, gummy worms, milk duds, sour patch kids etc.
coconut, banana chips
pretzels, goldfish crackers
raisins, Craisins, chopped dates, yogurt raisins
Popcorn makes a great filler.
Make signs for ingredients your guests may not recognize. Custom labels, mini chalkboards and cardboard tents designed to support your theme will do the job. Print off the following food tents for your trail mix buffet.
Provide serving scoops such as ice cream scoops, oversized spoons or measuring cups- you'll need one for each treat in your buffet. Smallish scoops help control serving size to assure that there is enough if each treat for all your guests.


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