text:
On a hot summer evening in 1661 London diarist Samuel Pepys giving up all hope of a comfortable nights sleep, decided that there was really only one thing to be done – he went into his garden and drank huge amounts of wine and ate bread and butter with botargo until "very near fuddled". Having sat though at least one similarly hot Melbourne night in a bath tub full of cold water with a book and a glass of wine to pass the time, I know exactly where he was coming from. I have never heard of, let alone eaten, the mysterious "botargo" he mentions, but maybe it was worth tracking down for next time there is a power outage during the summer? I little bit of research turned up the surprising fact that botargo was "the salted and dried roe of grey mullet and occasionally tuna", not something I was likely to come across then.
Eventually, I did come across a small exquisitely labeled and accordingly priced jar of a fine orange-brown dust which claimed to be "Botargo" in an exotic location (a Scottish-Italian Deli in truth). How could one resist charms of an exquisitely labeled jar of exotic powder? Certainly on this occasion not me and later that night I had my first taste of botargo. Five minutes later, and several mouthfuls exotic dust sprinkled pasta later, I still really couldn't understand why anybody would want to eat what was effectively very expensive salty, fishy nastiness. Just to make sure I wasn't mistaken the first time, I did try to eat it on several other occasions, and at least once I served it to some long suffering friends (who thereafter referred to the event as "The evening of evil fishy nastiness"). Botargo it seemed was just another one of those food ingredients that looked and sounded exotic enough that I felt that I had to try it, but were just plain nasty. Obviously, Pepys and everybody else in the last four hundred years that said they liked it were obviously mad, lying or both.
Strangely enough though, I recently had a botargo epiphany and have come to the conclusion that not all salted and dried fish roes are created equal. Which was rather a surprise, after all botargo is just salted and dried grey mullet roe, a very simple product, so how could one version be delicious and another just plain nasty? Could it simply be another example of the universal law that everything tastes better on holiday? This was very possible; after all I ate these utterly delicious sparkling shards of botargo in a Spanish bar, drinking salty manzanilla sherry and watching the setting sun turn the Guadalquivir river into a sheet of molten gold.
From previous bitter experience I had learnt that I am a sucker for the whole "setting sun, rivers of molten gold" thing and that under these specific circumstances I am inclined to buy large amounts of retsina wine or obscure herbal-anise liquor combinations, only to regret doing to so when opening these holiday "treasures" back home in non-holiday reality. So obviously there was only one thing to do, I filled up my suitcase with vacuum sealed packets of botargo and took them back to Edinburgh where I was living at the time. During this trip to Scotland's capital I experienced some of the most low, grey and moisture laden sky known to man, a perfect environment to test the deliciousness (or not) of holiday botargo.
Well obviously the wafer thin slices of botargo sprinkled with a few drops of olive oil and lemon juice and eaten in a dark Edinburgh flat turned out to be one of the most delicious things I have ever eaten and I finally worked out why the botargo I had eaten before was so nasty in comparison. The problem was that botargo although a relatively simply product to make is also quite an expensive product. I had originally bought low grade version of pre-shaved flakes in a jar, in effect I could have simply bought a jar of flaked fish food and saved some cash, that taste and texture would have been same. Good quality mullet botargo looks like two slim orange-brown to dark-brown sausages and has a translucent glow that makes it look more like a children's sweet then an adult savory. It is an ancient product, with production occurring around the Mediterranean wherever mullet occur and under various names it is also produced in Brazil, Venezuela, Turkey and Senegal. An identical product is also made in Japan where is known as "Karasumi". Given the wide distribution of production, surprisingly it is traditionally eaten in a restricted number of ways. In fact, in the vast majority of cases it is simply sliced finely and eaten without any other further preparation and it is consumed with one goal in mind as is described in this 19th century dictionary:
BOTARGO: A kind of salt cake, or rather sausage, made of the hard row of the sea mullet, eaten with oil and vinegar, but chiefly used to promote drinking.
It was the "to promote drinking" part that was relevant Samuel Pepys' interest in botargo and this is how it is still widely consumed today. Botargo was popular enough in England that it was specifically mentioned as one of the few foreign caught "fish" that could be imported by foreigners in Acts designed to protect English fisheries. This is also outlined in:
An act for making Billinsgate a free market for sale of fish" 1699.
8. And for the better encouragement of
the fishery of this kingdom, be it further
enacted by the authority aforesaid, That
no fish (except stock fish and live eels)
taken or caught by any foreigners, aliens
to this kingdom (except Protestant stran-
gers. inhabiting within this kingdom) shall
be imported in any foreign ship, vessel,
or bottom, not being wholly English property,
and uttered, sold or exported to sale
in this kingdom, under the pain of the forfeiture
of such ship, vessel, or bottom, with
the tackle thereunto belonging, and of all
such fish so imported and sold, contrary to the true intent and meaning hereof….
9. Provided nevertheless, That this shall
not be construed to prohibit the importation
of anchovies, sturgeon, botargo or cavear,
nor felling of mackarel before or after divine
service on Sundays.
Botargo is often mentioned along with caviar, in effect they were not dismiliar products in a period before technology developed to preserve caviar in plump salty little balls of individual fish eggs. At this stage caviar would have been a less refined product, with a great deal more broken down eggs, resembling a sort of salty caviar jam. Part of the bill of fare for the Corination of King James II consisted of:
Sweet-meats; toil'd Sallet, hot; ; Pigs Collar'd, cold; Sweet-mcats; Beef a la Royal, hot; Crayfish, cold ; Bolonia Sauiagcs; Salad; Botargo ; Periwincles; 11 Chickens, 4 larded, hot; ; Dozen Glasses of Blumange; Collar'd Eels, cold; Rabbits frigas'd, hot; Sweet-meats; Sallet; Sweet-meats; Tansie ; Pullet Pyes, cold; Sweet-meats; 6 Pheasants, 1 larded, hot; Mangoes, cold; Hung Beef, Sallet; Cockles; Salamagundy ; a Chine of Beef; hot; Goofeberry and Apricot Tarts; souc'd Mullets, cold; Pudding, hot; Sweet-meats; Sallet; Sweetmeats...>
And even in the British West Indian colonies we find botago on the bill of fare at a Plantation banquet during the 17th century:
First then (because beefe being the greatest rarity in the island) I will begin with it, and of that sort there are three dishes at either messe, a rompe boyl'd, a chine roasted, a large piece of the breast roasted, the cheeks bak'd, of which is a dish to either messe, the tongue and part of the tripes minc't for pyes, season'd with sweet herbs finely minc't, suet, spice, and currans; the legges, pallets, and other ingredients for an olio podrido to either messe, a dish of marrow-bones; so here are fourteen dishes at the table and all of beefe : and this he intends as the great regalio to which he invites his fellow-planters ; who having well eaten of it, the dishes are taken away, and another course brought in, which is a potato pudding, a dish of Scots collops of a leg of porke, as good as any in the world, a fricacy of the same, a dish of boyl'd chickens, a shoulder of a young goat drest with his blood and tyme, a kid with a pudding in his belly, a sucking-pig, which is there the fattest, whitest, and sweetest in the world, with the pognant sauce of the brains, salt, sage, and nutmeg, done with claret wine; a shoulder of mutton, which is there a rare dish ; a pasty of the side of a young goat, and a side of a fat young shot upon it, well seasoned with pepper and salt, and with some nutmeg; a loyne of veal, to which there wants no'sauce, being so well furnisht with oranges, lymons, and lymes; three young turkies in a dish; two capons, of which sort I have seen some extreame large and very fat; two henns with eggs in a dish ; four ducklings ; eight turtle-doves, and three rabbits; and for cold bak't meats, two Muscovie ducks larded, and season'd well with pepper and salt: and these being taken off the table, 'another course is set on, and that is of Westphalia or Spanish bacon, dried neats" tongues, botargo, pickled oysters, caviare, anchovies, olives, and (intermixt with these) custards, creams, some alone, some with preserves of plantains, bananas, guavers put in, and those preserved alone by themselves ; cheesecakes, puffs, which are to be made with English flower and bread; sometimes tansies.
It is perhaps from this account by Richard Lingon that Samuel Johnson made the observation in his dictionary that "Portago" is described as a "West Indian Pickle".
Not everybody was keen on Botargo, the 17th century diarist John Evelyn described Bologna as:
This citty is famous also for sausages ; and here
is sold greate quantities of Parmegiano cheese, with
Botargo, Caviare, &c. which makes some of their
shops perfume ye streetes with no agreeable smell.
But in general, where there was 17th century boozing, there was Botargo and this remains true even today. Its salty-sweetness flavor is perfect for the taste profile of sake and fino sherry. It is also a friend to crisp, lager style beers. Happily its subtle fishy-sweetness means that it does work very well in a range of other dishes, small amounts enhancing the flavor of more bland base ingredients. Unfortunately, it remains an expensive product and I have rarely, if ever, seen it offered for sale in Australia. This means that the easiest and cheapest solution is to make the botargo yourself. Unlike many luxury products this is actually very easy to do at home with minimum fuss and bother. A fresh mullet roe will cost less then two dollars and will produce enough botargo to dress enough pasta for ten people. Fresh roes are available from many fishmongers, especially those to cater to a Greek client base. The only other cost is enough sea-salt to cover (approximately 500 gm per roe), what other luxury food item can be produced for so little cost and effort? Botargo itself is quite versatile, depending on how much is used it can be a dominant or background element in a dish. When briefly cooked (as in the pasta recipe given below) the fish aroma which some people find objectionable is neutralized and the botargo gives a savory earthiness to a dish, in much the same manner which occurs when cooking with Thai fish sauce or dried shrimp paste.
Home-made Botargo
1 whole fresh mullet roe, with no tears or splits in the membrane
500 gm of sea salt (fine grade)
- place half of the salt in a shallow plastic container. Rinse and pat dry the roe, place on salt and cover with the remainder of the salt.
- place in refrigerator and leave for at least 6 hours to over-night.
- carefully remove the roe from the salt and rinse of salt, pat completely dry. Wrap loosely in kitchen paper and place out-side in full sun or place on a drying rack back in the refrigerator.
- at night bring the roe inside and place on a plate under a weighted board (a can of soup is about right) in the refrigerator. Change the kitchen paper if it becomes moist.
- repeat this process for six-eight days until the roe has hardened and has developed a golden-orange colour.
- the botargo can be stored in a sealed plastic container or bag in the refrigerator for up to a month or for up to a year at least in the freezer.
Thin slices of botargo can simply be served on its own with a few drops of extra virgin olive oil and lemon juice, or as Pepys did on a hot summer evening, simply with bread and butter.
Botargo with pasta
500 gm spaghetti or bavette
50 gm botargo, finely grated
1 garlic clove, crushed
100 ml extra virgin olive oil (a lighter flavored style, such as Ligurian is best)
- cook pasta in plenty of lightly salted water until al dente.
- While the pasta is cooking, gently heat the olive oil in a deep pot with the crushed garlic. When the garlic starts to gently bubble and give its flavor to the oil, add the botargo and cook for no more the thirty seconds or so to avoid burning the botargo.
- At this point drain the pasta and add to the oil. Mix well and serve.
Botargo with bean crostini
500 gm cannellini beans
2 whole cloves of garlic
One sprig of sage or rosemary
Salt and pepper
One loaf of good quality crusty bread
100 ml extra virgin olive oil for the beans, extra to brush crostini.
For the beans:
- soak beans over-night and drain. Place beans in a heavy casserole and cover with water bring to boil. Drain beans and discard water. This step removes some of the bean carbohydrates that contribute to gas production and removes much of the scum that is produced when beans are initially boiled.
- place beans back in casserole and cover with water to depth of 3-4 cms. Add garlic and herbs and olive oil. Heat to boiling point, then turn down the heat to the lowest setting. Cook beans until tender and they have absorbed oil and liquid. Beans are cooked when soft, but not broken or pulpy. A good indication of this is when a hot bean is exposed to the air it splits open. Remove herbs and garlic clove and add salt and pepper to taste. At this point the beans can be made hours ahead of time and re-heated just before serving.
For the Crostini:
- cut 2 cm thick slices of bread, brush with olive oil and either brown under a grill or on a very hot griddle pan (which will give you attractive scorch marks on the bread).
- for each person place a slice of bread on a serving plate, top with warmed beans and lightly grate on botargo to taste. A very small amount of botargo is required to give depth of flavor to the beans.


text:
Antique Crema Marfil Marble Tile 4x4
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
I had made a deliberate decision not to make cranberry sauce.
Here's the back story: I have made cranberry sauce for every Thanksgiving dinner for – forever – or at least as long as I have been preparing Thanksgiving dinner. In recent years it seems that I am the only one who eats the cranberry sauce and the leftovers eventually get thrown away. I didn't think the cranberry sauce would be missed. I was wrong.
So when I saw the last of the season's cranberries on sale at the grocery store, I decided to go all in. But instead of freezing the cranberries, I chose to make cranberry sauce and preserve it.
Whole Cranberry Sauce
Makes 6 to 6 ½ half-pints
3 (12-ounce) bags of cranberries
2 ½ cups Sucanat (another granulated sugar, e.g., organic cane sugar may be substituted)
1 ½ cups apple juice
2 tablespoons lemon zest
3 tablespoons fresh lemon juice
If you plan to preserve the sauce, as I did, then start a boiling water bath with jars.
Combine the cranberries, Sucanat, juices and zest in a large nonreactive pot over high heat. Once it reaches a rolling boil, reduce the heat to medium. Boil for 15 to 20 minutes until all of the cranberries have popped and the sauce is thickened.
If you are preserving, fill the jars (leave ½ inch headspace) and process in a water bath for 10 minutes. (Full details on using a water bath and preserving techniques can be found in The Allergy-Free Pantry.)
This sauce is tangy and lightly sweet. It can be used as a side with your favorite dish or spread on your bagel or toast as a jam.
I love having these jars in my pantry. Next time someone asks for cranberry sauce at my dinner table, I will be ready!


text:
• frequent posts by the email poster • occasional posts by ben tang • rare posts by michael wright |
contributor: the email poster |
Your Honor - The Foo Fighters.
The story goes that Dave Grohl wanted to undertake a side-project, and
release an acoustic album as the soundtrack to a movie. Somewhere along the
way, the plan changed, and so the double album In Your Honour was spawned,
one side a "typically loud" Foo Fighters record, and the second disc a more
mellow acoustic offering. The first track on disc one seems to me to be
something of an overly long introduction, and didn't leave me with a good
first impression. However, once you get past this drawn out beginning, the
album really begins to soar. It seems like the Foos are back at their
bittersweet best, and I found myself with an album that I just want to
listen to over and over again. You can't do this yet though, as there is a
'by this point much anticipated' second disc to treat yourself to. The only
problem is, I didn't think it was that great. A couple of the tracks,
Miracle and Cold Day In The Sun bear repeated listening, but as
you plod through, see if you don't really just wish you were listening to
the loud cd. It's OK, and worth it as a bonus disc, but I don't think they
took the opportunity to show us what they are capable of musically. Worth it
for the first half alone though.
Favourite Song: Best of You
- e-p >>
see previous records
- mike >>
see previous reads
The Old Man and the Sea
by Ernest Hemingway.
I first read this story back in high school. I
can't really remember why except that I had already read Hemingway's The
Sun Also Rises and enjoyed it, plus this looked rather short which I'm sure was appealing at the time.
I've read it again since then and now this is probably my third or
fourth reading of it. It's not that I like it so much that I have some
need to read it repeatedly, but as it is so short and tells such an
interesting story, I guess I've just felt the desire to pick it up again
every so often. The case this time was that I was thinking about fishing
for some reason and this book came to mind. I've always enjoyed fishing,
the time spent alone over the water with your thoughts or chatting with
a friend and not having to think about anything at all. This is indeed a
very solitary story about fishing, where an old Cuban man has fished for
many days without a catch and is thought of as having bad luck. But when
his luck changes, he is the only one around to contend with it, and in
many ways begins to feel an affinity towards his adversary and a oneness
with it in their struggle. It is a simple story (I try not to give too
much away in these little reviews even if most people have already read
a book like this), but one that I have enjoyed many times, mainly
because of the way Hemingway describes the scenes so completely and
imbues the old man with a wisdom and earnestness that is difficult not
to admire. Maybe it is because it is so simple that it can be so
interesting, because so much in life, the seemingly simplest of things
can have so much meaning to us.
search the
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Congratulations to Mike on his marriage!
written by Ben 6:01 PM | link & comment (1)
written by Email 6:07 PM | link & comment (3)
It feels good to sleep in. Sadly, I have no idea what that feels like since the slightest sun wakes me up! Instead, I nap all day long. I feel weird napping too much, as though I need to be productive. S'pose I should go into work now. After folding laundry
written by Ben 2:19 PM | link & comment (0)
This is an interesting confusion. Part of me wants to write and post here, but then I feel the readers of my other blog will be left out. Oh well, I can always reference this over there.. which is probably what I'll do.
Do you ever find that after reading about other people's woes, your own seem to go away? Or perhaps it is more diminished than the other person's. After all, people say 'it could always be worse'... and by seeing that 'worse', then you feel better. But is this really the way to approach things? Shouldn't you cure woes and problems so you become a better person (absolute), rather than seeing worse and thus are a better person (relative)? Hmm, for you fellow dorks, that was a semi-intentional reference to pressure.
Maybe it is more of a "I feel better" and then can move on to tackle bigger better problems or reapproach the woes with a new fresh head. Maybe.
written by Ben 10:54 PM | link & comment (0)
I feel I have lost the urge to post of late. That probably seems fairly obvious, given the lack of posts I have contributed recently. It's not even like I've wanted to and haven't been able to get my thoughts together, or the privacy to sit down and do it, I just haven't had anything going through my mind of late.
I wonder at what stage in life you stop asking the question of what it's all about, and just put your head down and get on with it? I don't like to think of this happening to myself, and yet here I seem to be. The urge to search for an answer to it all seems to have gone - does this means I've become stale and dulled, or have I just matured? Maybe these things are the same, new things are shiny, and they become dull with time (what an analogy*yeah right*). Growing older (relative to being a teenager anyway) certainly has its advantages - you gain independence and can do things you want to do, make your own choices etc. On the flipside, you have to take on responsibility (for yourself and for others), you have to go to work, and don't have as much time to spend as you please. You also suddenly realise that you are working your way through time to that inevitable point when you die.
I feel as though I have a slightly wiser perspective at least, and now feel comfortable that I still have a lot to learn in life as opposed to thinking I had learned everything there was to learn.
written by Email 2:06 PM | link & comment (0)
It seems as though there is a sickness going around. Of course, there are some people with amazing immune systems that deny the diseases from spreading. Lucky them. Unfortunately, I seem to have lost this ability to fight sickness. Maybe it's my poor diet or my lack of exercise. Hmm.
I wonder if this is a worldwide flu/cold.
Perhaps one day the human immune system will adapt so fast that there will be 'hourly' sicknesses. Either that or the sicknesses will be so severe. Hmm. Go evolution.
written by Ben 12:06 AM | link & comment (1)
Look what I happened to listen to today:
Sometimes I feel my life is going 'round in circles
Beneath my eyes are bluish black
There's nothing new, no one I wanna talk to
Nothing I wanna think about, I got soul doubt
written by Email 4:40 PM | link & comment (0)


text:
The year is 2051. Location: SATAZIUS, a long-abandoned planet.
The cruiser Agano was on patrol when it was attacked and stricken by a confederacy of space pirates that had established a base on SATAZIUS. The pirates attacked the Agano intending to steal the assault ship 'Trafalgar' that was stowed aboard the Agano, but the Trafalgar made a successful emergency escape.
The crew of the Trafalgar calculated the probability of successfully escaping the pirate overrun planet at 0.02%; the probability of charging into and successfully destroying the pirate base was 1%. Taking the higher probability escape plan, the crew of the Trafalgar turned their ship toward the pirate horde and began their charge into the heart of SATAZIUS.
SATAZIUS is an awesome old school side-scrolling arcade shooter by accomplished indie developer ASTRO PORT (Gigantic Army, Armed Seven, Supercharged Robot Vulkaiser), featuring an arsenal of 13 types of upgradeable weapons, power-ups, obstacles and boss encounters that arcade veterans will enjoying getting to grips with. Customize your ship by selecting two side weapons which can be cycled and deployed at any time during the action, and a charge attack to unleash massive destruction.
There is a plethora of enemy ships to shoot down, tight spaces to navigate, power ups to grab, and bonuses to acquire. Featuring great stage design, a thumping techno soundtrack, fast and outstanding action, old school graphics and giant bosses, SATAZIUS is a true throwback to old-school arcade shoot 'em ups, replete with homages which will be instantly recognizable to fans of arcade shooters.
Key features:
- 13 upgradeable weapons to choose from
- 4 difficult levels allowing accessibility for new players while challenging veterans as well
- Varied and exciting stage design
- Massive bosses
- Winner of the August 2008 Jikkyo Play Contents Award
What are the system requirements?
Below are the system specifications for Satazius Steam Key GLOBAL. Due to potential programming changes, the minimum system requirements for this product may change over time.
- OS: Windows 2000
- PROCESSOR: Pentium III 1GHz
- GRAPHICS: NDIVIA Geforce / AMD(ATI) Radeon


text:
Venezuela in Crisis: A Socialist Dystopia
City-wide protests have occurred daily throughout Venezuela, a politically divided and economically destitute country, which was once South America's wealthiest nation. Police meet protesters with rampant arrests, tear gas, and rubber bullets. Since the beginning of April, hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans have protested President Nicolás Maduro's socialist government and its perpetration of the nation's … Read more


text:
LAST EDITED ON 03-12-02 AT 12:18 PM (EST) NewsBin allows you to maintain multiple simultaneous connections to your news server or servers. Using the maximum of 8 connections does not necessarily mean you'll get the best datarate. There is a point of diminishing returns due to protocol overhead. With asymmetric internet connections such as Satellite, ADSL, and most cable systems, you may saturate your uplink (usually much lower datarate than your downlink) with network traffic - acknowledgments of packets. The answer is to experiment. Use one reliable server, queue up a significant number of downloads from the same group, and watch the datarate guage. Start with one connection and work your way up, 30-60 seconds at a time, watching the datarate. You most likely will see either a bell curve or a steady climb in datarate but leveling off. In our testing against a news server running on the same machine as NewsBin, we've attained datarates of 80Mbps with only 4 connections. The bottleneck for achieving high datarates will either be the quality of your internet connection, the quality of the news server, or, if you are on a 10Mbps or better internet connection, hard drive performance. Some news servers are limiting their per/connection datarates so no matter how fast your internet connection is, the best you can do can be calculated by multiplying the number of threads by the bandwidth limit.
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1) See comments under "TCP Window Size".
2) Use multiple servers: Most users find that their ISP news server is fast, but usually not the most complete. You can augment the quality of your primary news server by signing up for another news provider. By prioritizing your servers in the server window (click and drag), you can tell NewsBin to download from your primary server whenever it can and go to secondary servers as needed. This makes the most of your bandwidth because your primary server is usually the fastest.
3) Tell NewsBin about server limits: Most news servers limit the number of active connections you can have. You can tell NewsBin about these limits under the "Servers" menu. If you have hit your limit, you will see error messages in the "Status Messages" tab.
4) Use good, quality servers. Our favorites right now (changes frequently) are Easynews and Usenetserver.


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1st Story
Our mc ,Tatsumi, was sexually harassed by the girls from photography club. After being bullied he met Hatorijima, a girl who wants to take a revenge upon photography club. He got invited to her house and saw the president of photography club are all tied up.
2nd Story
Kanade Akahori is the leader of athletics club, she's known of her reputation defending the champion title. But there was a rumour about she's doing obscene activity in the club room. Tatsumi and Hatorijima are working together to expose her secret.
3rd Story
Hatorijima despises Mashiro Ringo, a teacher and a informant that has control of student council, however, she knew that Mashiro is involved with dirty organization, she send Tatsumi to subdue the lewd teacher.
4th Story
Hatorijima and Tatsumi got kidnapped by the group of delinquents. When Hatorijima was asked about her true intentions, she plainly answer «I don't like them». Then they offered one-on-one matchup between the leader to see who's better.


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Shelley Niro: 500 Year ItchMay 27, 2023 – January 1, 2024American Indian Museum New York
Shelley Niro: 500 Year Itch celebrates more than a half century of Shelley Niro's paintings, photographs, mixed-media works, and films.
Annie PootoogookJune 13, 2009 – October 10, 2010American Indian Museum New York
Visit 39 works that chronicle the social, economic, and cultural realities of Inuit life in the Canadian North by Annie Pootoogook (Inuit, b. 1969).
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Future Shock: The Internet of Compromised Things
It's doubtful that the average consumer would be aware that his or her refrigerator was participating in a DDoS attack. Even fewer would have any idea how to stop it.
If it contains software, it can be hacked. If it is connected to the Internet, it can be hacked remotely. This is the unfortunate reality of the state of computer software. It should come as no surprise that an Internet enabled smart-fridge can be subverted to send spam emails.
Writing software is tricky. The overabundance of failed software projects that clutter every organization is evidence of just how hard it is to write software that works as intended. For software to be secure, it must do what it is supposed to do and nothing else. The goal of a hacker is to find a way of tricking software into performing functions that it was not designed to do. By this route the attacker may be able to take control of the system and use it to execute the attacker's commands.
Unfortunately, this is often all too easy. The same flaws in code are found over and over again. Inputs are not validated. Buffers can be overrun. Software runs with too many privileges. The results are that attackers are able to subvert systems to execute malicious instructions. What surprises me most is that we know how to fix these issues during the development process. We know how to write code without these potential vulnerabilities. We know how to review code to spot weaknesses. We know how to test code to catch failings before it is ever released. However, reviewing code and security testing are time consuming. Neither are their benefits immediately apparent in the product. The result is that they tend to get dropped when deadlines loom, if they were ever envisaged at all.
What's more, even if your code has been verified and found to be secure, the same cannot be said for the third-party code with which it interacts. External libraries or the operating system may contain vulnerabilities that may affect your system, even if the code that you write is completely secure.
Patch Tuesday for your toaster?
The accepted method for remediating insecure code is to download and install updates to replace the vulnerable code. But how exactly do you update the software on your fridge or toaster? As increasing numbers of household devices are sold as Internet connected, it's only natural to assume that the number of compromised devices is going to ramp up. The question, then, becomes: What can an attacker do with a compromised device, such as a refrigerator or a smart-TV? The information contained within these devices would hardly be worth stealing. However, spare processor and network capacity can be harnessed to become part of a botnet and participate in denial of service attacks, send spam, and even mine bitcoins.
One possible solution might be to screen Internet connections to things in order to detect and stop hacking attacks, block communication with botnet command and control servers, and bar any device that is not an email server from sending email. This would be considered usual within a corporate environment, but consumers are unlikely to have anything other than the simplest firewall on home networks. Nor are they likely to be aware that their fridges are spamming, let alone have the knowledge to remedy the situation.
On a personal level, and as a security professional, I'm not too troubled by the prospect of a spamming fridge. I can blacklist the offending IP address in the unlikely event that a corporate email server accepted an email sent from a consumer ISP IP address range. My biggest concern is what the Internet of Compromised Things represents on the cyber-security front. As cyber-criminals improve their skills in identifying and compromising embedded software in Internet-enabled devices, they will have more devices under their control. They will have greater capacities to launch denial-of-service and hacking attacks against embedded systems that control our home and working environments, such as those running heating, air-conditioning, and water pumps.
I hope that this column serves as a wake-up call for both consumers and the security industry. We need to take stock of the Internet enabled devices on our networks, and, as a minimum, start demanding that these devices are properly secured and guaranteed by manufacturers. Let's chat about what that would mean in the comments.
Martin Lee is Technical Lead within Cisco's TRAC team, where he researches the latest developments in cyber security and delivers expert opinion on how to mitigate emerging threats and related risks.
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Well! So sorry to have been away for so long. I promise, its only good news! The Boho Kitchen has been super busy with orders and markets. Lots of news on our end.
First thing is first, you can now buy The Boho Kitchen cupcakes and assorted treats on Fridays at Walsh's Shop in the square in Portlaw. Get there early as they sell out quick! I'm looking for other shops and cafes to supply with a few in the pipelines so watch this space for updates.
Also, check out the new website! Hopefully this will be easier to navigate than searching through the blog here alone. http://www.thebohokitchen.com
Next, we ARE going to be at Savour Kilkenny.
But, only on Sunday, October 24th. I couldn't manage two full market days worth of baking at that time of the month. Look for our stall! Lots of goodies.
Lastly, Christmas is upon us. I, like many business, must accept this early in the year so I can provide you the best service! We are now taking advance orders for decorated shortbread sugar cookies and christmas fruit cakes. These make great gifts and we giftwrap!! Contact us via the website, email me at email@example.com or ring/text 0879524926. Delivery is free within most of Waterford and the surrounding areas.
I'm out of town from December 2nd - 16th to visit my folks over in America. So! Deliver is available before and after this time. I will be able to receive orders during this time so keep in touch guys.
Some recent cakes! Click the thumbnail and it will link to the larger picture on our Facebook Fan page:


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Watch or attend a livestream to get a better sense for what it's like to be a student at Norfolk State University and for tips on applying and writing essays.
Norfolk State University is a public school in Virginia with 5,000 total undergraduate students. To learn more, see all school details and calculate your chances of admission.


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- Events
- Post
UmmahNow is focused on empowering Muslim communities - individuals and organizations - in the U.S. to create dialogue and interaction with one another and is designed and dedicated to be a guiding, unifying force within American society through infrastructure services.
Our services has been initiated at the request of esteemed individuals and has been endorsed by organizations and individuals alike.
Regional moderators help cultivate dialog and positive relationships within your community. Let us know how your moderators are doing by leaving feedback in the contact form.
Brian Loo:
Brian moved to DC from California two years ago and fell in love with the community. Since moving here, he has helped organize events coordinated by a variety of small local organizations, including the Yaro Collective, DC Conver(t)sations, and the DC Townhall Dialogue Series. He is also a huge fan of the DC Quran Halaqa, Next Wave Muslim Initiative (NWMI), Karamah, and about a dozen other local organizations that seriously rock. Brian has graduate and undergraduate degrees from UC Berkeley and works in international development.
Pervaiz Bhatti:
Pervaiz has lived in the DMV area for over two decades, almost long enough to forget that he grew up Brooklyn. Pervaiz is a familiar face at DC events, and has hosted events (and lodging) for musicians, shuyukh, scholars, comedians, and wanderers of all stripes in his own home in Falls Church. He has been active in organizing events for the community including fundraisers, spiritual gatherings and discussion groups. He also facilitates professional networking and routinely provides career counseling and mentorship to young professionals in the community.
Suphia Dadabhoy:
Suphia is a moderator and organizer for the DC Quran Halaqa, which has been an integral part of the DC community since 2009. Suphia, along with her husband Meraj, and her two children, also hosts a wide range of gatherings for the community, whether they be weekly spiritual gatherings, smaller discussion groups, counseling through NYFOnline, or organizing community plans for Eid al Fitr and Eid al Udha. Suphia is working on her graduate degree at American University and takes a serious interest in mental health issues, particularly in the Muslim American community. Suphia enjoys spending time with her kids and husband and eating vegan cupcakes from Red Velvet!


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Healthy Living
Is Your Teen's Headache a Migraine?
Have you ever wondered if the headache your teen is complaining about may actually be a migraine? Or do you suspect your adolescent child could be experiencing migraine headaches? Approximately 12 percent of the U.S. population gets migraine headaches, and although they can be similar, there are some distinguishing traits to a migraine headache.
What Are the Symptoms of a Tension Headache?
A tension headache is the most common type of headache. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in teens and adults. Symptoms of a tension headache could be any combination of the following:
- Pain or discomfort in the head, scalp or neck
- Pain often feels like a band squeezing your head
- A dull, squeezing pain on both sides of your head
- Mild to moderate pain
- Occasional severe pain
What Are the Causes of a Tension Headache?
Tension headaches are most often associated with muscle tightness in the head, scalp or neck. A number of factors can trigger a tension headache, but the most common causes are:
- Fatigue or overexertion
- Physical or emotional stress
- Sleeping in an abnormal position
- Problems with muscles or joints in the neck or jaw
- Dehydration
- Caffeine (too much or withdrawal)
- Dental problems such as jaw clenching or teeth grinding
- Eye strain
What Are Some Treatments for a Tension Headache?
There are a number of options to treat a tension headache. Common treatments include:
- Taking a hot or cold shower or bath
- Gently massaging your head and neck muscles
- Taking over-the-counter medicine such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen
What Are the Symptoms of a Migraine Headache?
A migraine headache is often described as a headache with throbbing or intense pulsing pain. Other distinguishing symptoms include:
- Pain that is concentrated on one side of the head
- A severe sensitivity to light and sound
- Possible nausea
- Possible vomiting
Some people experience pre-migraine symptoms that warn them they are about to have a migraine. These warning symptoms include:
- Seeing zigzag lines
- Seeing flashing lights
- Temporary loss of vision
What Are the Causes of a Migraine Headache?
There are many factors that can trigger a migraine headache. However, some of the more common causes include:
- Anxiety
- Physical or emotional stress
- Hormonal changes in women
- Lack of food or sleep
- Exposure to light
What Are Some Treatments for a Migraine Headache?
If your teen is able to spot a migraine in its very early stages, it's possible to control it with nonprescription pain relievers, including:
- Acetaminophen
- Aspirin
- Ibuprofen
- Naproxen
A combination of one of these pain medications and caffeine can be effective if taken early in the attack. If necessary, your child's doctor may recommend a prescription drug to treat his or her migraines. Most doctors turn to triptans, which are available as tablets, nasal sprays or as injections that can be self-administered. Some common triptans include:
- Sumatriptan
- Zolmitriptan
- Rizatriptan
Alternate treatments to consider include:
- Mindfulness and meditation – research has shown that those who incorporate mindfulness and meditation into their daily routines have fewer migraines per month
- Magnesium – studies suggest that magnesium supplementation can be helpful for migraines
- Acupuncture – studies have proven that acupuncture can be effective in fighting chronic pain like headaches
If your teen experiences migraine headaches often, work with his or her doctor to establish a treatment plan that works best for your child. Keep in mind that every person responds to treatments differently.


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Over 13 new classes compatible with 5th Edition and the Underworld Races & Classes core book.
Mysterious Occult Traditions of the Underworld!
The untold vastness of the realms below beckons, and for the first time, we unearth the mysterious occult traditions of the Underworld. Surface-dwellers can finally lay their eyes upon the concepts of the Red River that binds all, attain amber enlightenment and transcend the bounds of the flesh with unique and potent magitech. Psychic poisons, mesmerizing spores and the damned of Hel await your command!
After the success of the critically-acclaimed Underworld Races and Classes, fans asked for more, and thus, we present you with a collection of complex and evocative class options for the subterranean races you know and love.
Within the pages of this massive expansion tome, you will find the means to play:
- Ahooling living vampires, seeking to understand the Red River that binds all through righteous bloodshed
- Heralds of the colloid, colliatur creating footholds for the strange entity
- Messiahs of Ashes, dødelig who seek to teach undead the bright side of death
- Draaki scoured by the Wind of Wasting, reincarnating upon death into other subraces
- Drow capable of poisoning the minds of others with their psychic might, with custom poison-creation
- Dvergr occult executioners of the grand void of the endtimes
- Speakers for the revered dweorg ancestors
- Mighty funglets capable of controlling their spores, mesmerizing their foes
- Perfidious gitwerc that drag the damned souls of Hel to the battlefield
- Hoyrall attempting to unify their sundered deity…using their very minds and bodies as a catalyst
- Kraidyl that channel the potential for the next evolutionary step for this race of apex predators
- Svirfneblin Transgnomamists, who transcend the limitations of their bodies with strange and potent svirftech
- Vestraadi singers of the deepest hymns, explorers of fathomless depths
And last, but not least, Zwerc that follow the path to amber enlightenment!
All this and more can be found within these pages!


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BRATZLAV or BRASLAVL:
By: Herman Rosenthal
A town in the government of Podolia, Russia, situated on the right bank of the southern Bug. It was founded in the fourteenth century. It was at different times subject to Poland, Lithuania, Russia, and the Tatars. In 1479, when the Tatars conquered and destroyed Bratzlav, more than 600 inhabitants, among them 400 Jews, were slain in one day. In 1551, when it was besieged by the Crimean khan Devlyet Girei, and the entire garrison and a large part of the population fled, the Jews heroically defended the town against the enemy. In 1569, at the time of a religious uprising of the Cossacks, the hetmans Nalivaiko and Kossinski repeatedly attacked the city, plundering and murdering without mercy; the Jews, of course, not being exempted.
But the most terrible year for the Jews was 1648, when the alderman Martin Kalinovski delivered Bratzlav into the hands of Chmielnicki, who seized the town and massacred all the Jews. In 1664 the Russians slaughtered the Poles and Jews of Kamenetz-Podolsk, Miedzybodz, and Bratzlav. When the hetmans Voinaravski and Orlik plotted with the Tatars against Peter the Great, Bratzlav became the scene of horrible cruelties perpetrated upon the Jews. The town has been a place of shelter for the followers of Shabbethai Zebi and other sects, especially the Frankists and the Ḥasidim.
In the town of Bratzlav in 1895 the Jews numbered 2,460, or 39.2 per cent of the total population; and in the district of that name there were 31,000, or about 15 per cent of the total population. They have a synagogue and six houses of prayer in the town.
- Shalom-'Alekem, in Yiddische Volksbibliothek, i. 416-418, Kiev, 1888;
- Entziklopedicheski Slovar, iv., St. Petersburg, 1895;
- Regesty i Nadpisi, i. 464, St. Petersburg, 1899.


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Mike Adams
Natural News
June 24, 2013
As reported by the Associated Press, Edward Snowden managed to evade U.S. authorities and fly to Ecuador where he is apparently being granted political asylum.
As AP reports:
The former National Security Agency contractor and CIA technician fled Hong Kong and arrived at the Moscow airport, where he planned to spend the night before boarding an Aeroflot flight to Cuba. Ecuador's Foreign Minister Ricardo Patino said his government received an asylum request from Snowden, and the anti-secrecy group WikiLeaks said it would help him.
What AP doesn't know – and neither do most Americans – is that the U.S. government has a well-established track record of running covert kidnapping and abduction operations in Ecuador to capture anyone they want.
And the reason I know this is because I am the journalist who used to live in Ecuador and who broke the bombshell story of herbalist Greg Caton being kidnapped by U.S. authorities in Ecuador in 2009. He was then stuffed onto a U.S.-bound jet at the airport in Guayaquil and flown to Miami. That full story is published here on Natural News:
U.S. State Dept. runs abduction operation in Ecuador
What's fascinating is that at the time, in 2009, nobody believed this story was true. But today, in light of all the revelations that have surfaced about illegal, covert, rogue government groups doing whatever they want, this story on the abduction and kidnapping of a U.S. citizen living in Ecuador sounds astonishingly feasible. In fact, it is true.
As I wrote in 2009, the FDA's Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI) managed to twist the arm of the State Department to have Greg Caton – an herbalist – added to Interpol's "red list." This list is normally reserved for extreme war criminals and international murderers, but because Greg Caton was selling anti-cancer salves made with Amazon rainforest herbs that really do eliminate many types of topical cancers, the U.S. government designated him as an enemy of the state (to protect the lucrative cancer industry, obviously).
Keep in mind that Greg Caton's activities were not illegal in Ecuador. The U.S. government, however, wanted to destroy this man's business and cut off the supply of anti-cancer salves to U.S. customers. So they dispatched a covert team of government operatives to Ecuador who proceeded to bribe all the right people to have Caton arrested at gunpoint as he was driving down his own driveway.
This process of abducting and kidnapping Caton was done completely outside of law, with no extradition request and with no due process whatsoever. It was an example of the U.S. government engaging in the kind of raw criminality we're increasingly seeing exposed week after week. In 2009, of course, most Americans still believed in Obama and thought their government would never engage in widespread criminal actions against the People. Today, however, we all know better.
What makes this all the more hilarious today in 2013 is that U.S. officials are now lecturing Hong Kong on the "rule of law". As Time.com reported today:
A senior U.S. official delivered a terse statement to Hong Kong on Saturday about Snowden, saying, "If Hong Kong doesn't act soon, it will complicate our bilateral relations and raise questions about Hong Kong's commitment to the rule of law."
The rule of law? Give me a break. The U.S. violates all law – both domestic and international – any time it wants. The abduction and kidnapping of Greg Caton was a gross violation of law, but that didn't seem to bother the FDA nor the State Dept. back in 2009.
It did bother Dr. Brian O'Leary, however. He was a NASA astronaut and globally-recognized scientist, and before he passed away, he gave me this statement on the record:
I was shocked to hear about his kidnapping and illegal deportation to the U.S., regardless of perceptions of his legal status within the U.S., something I understand to be a mild violation at most. He is a legal resident of Ecuador and conducts a legal alternative health product [company] here. I thoroughly support his work in healing untold thousands of people of cancer and other serious diseases.
U.S. State Dept may also abduct Edward Snowden
Two years after this event, I obtained documents further proving that the U.S. State Department ran the abduction operation to kidnap Greg Caton in Ecuador. That story is outlined here:
In that story, I wrote:
NaturalNews has now acquired documentation proving that Greg Caton was illegally stalked and then abducted in Ecuador by U.S. State Department agents who bribed local officials and military personnel in Ecuador to help carry out the criminal acts. As part of its effort to criminalize Caton, the FDA conspired with the U.S. Dept. of Justice to provide false information to Interpol, the international criminal investigation group. Through this false information effort, the FDA managed to get Greg Caton listed as an international fugitive who was wanted for "drug-related crimes." He was even given a "red notice" status which is normally reserved for mass murderers, serial rapists and escaped war criminals.
The reason all this matters is because Edward Snowden is obviously going to be a target for the criminal U.S. government (yes, an illegitimate occupying lawless government whose top people belong behind bars, not running the country). Most Americans incorrectly assume that once Snowden is safely in Ecuador, there is no way the U.S. government can force his return to "stand trial" in the USA (a total joke, as the trial will be charade of injustice, all carried out in total secrecy under the Big Brother excuse of "national security").
They are WRONG in that assumption.
The U.S. government can and will kidnap anyone it wants from Ecuador or any other country. The Obama administration, in particular, respects no law whatsoever. It will use secret military prisons, drone strikes, kidnappings, abduction, assassinations and anything else it wishes to use in order to eliminate enemies of the state. People like Ed Snowden.
You are watching the behavior of a lawless government running assassinations and abductions
To truly understand all this, it helps to realize that the current actors who have seized control of the United States federal government are entirely illegitimate. There is no longer even the theater of acting like they abide by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Under their control, the government has become a sociopathic serial killer that hunts down and destroys anyone who tries to expose its deepest, darkest secrets.
How do you think Rolling Stones journalist Michael Hastings died? Hours before his car exploded, he contacted Wikileaks and told them the FBI was following him. He also sent an email which has now surfaced, talking about how he needed to "go off the radar for a bit," obviously to avoid being stalked and assassinated.
The body count of the Obama administration is rapidly exceeding even the Clinton body count. How do you think Breitbart died? And now, Breitbart's coroner has been found mysteriously dead from arsenic poisoning.
If you think these are all coincidences, you're a fool. This is the Obama administration running its day-to-day operations, murdering anyone who has any real dirt that could threaten the criminal operatives running the White House, State Department, IRS and the NSA. Obama will no doubt bring this same system of mass murder and assassinations against Edward Snowden.
Killing someone in Ecuador isn't very difficult
Another problem with Snowden escaping to Ecuador is that it's very, very easy to kill an American in Ecuador. For starters, it's difficult to hide there. You don't blend in with the crowd when you're a tall white guy. (I know this from personal experience.)
Secondly, Ecuador is a country where you can bribe your way past any security. Bribery and corruption is an everyday part of the way things get done in Ecuador, and while Correa has done a lot to clean up policing and government, corruption is so deeply embedded in the culture that there's no way to effectively stop it. The city of Guayaquil, in particular, is a hotbed of kidnapping and ransom, murder, violence and theft.
What this means is that somebody is going to talk about Snowden's location. There will be a payoff and this information will be provided to U.S. intelligence authorities. They can then use this information to carry out anything from a covert deadly gas attack to a stealth bomber mission that drops a large cardboard bomb on Snowden's apartment. One way or another, U.S. government operatives will find a way to get to Snowden, and if they can't kidnap him, they will kill him.
Make no mistake: Snowden is putting himself at grave personal risk to relocate to Ecuador. There is a very high likelihood that he will either be abducted or assassinated there. We can only hope that he realizes this and is putting out the Ecuador narrative as a cover story while actually relocating somewhere else. The first rule of dealing with covert intelligence operatives isnever give them an easy target. Never tell them where you are, in other words, even if you think you're safely far away.
Because as Greg Caton experienced, the U.S. can literally have men with assault rifles waiting for you at your doorstep… anywhere in the world, at any time, completely outside of law. The United States government respects no international law whatsoever. Like any bully, it resorts to the threat of violence to achieve its own criminal aims.


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For this French/Italian girl that grew up on bagels and loaves of bread, it wasn't easy to read the lab results telling me gluten was the source of all my problems (digestive anyway). Despite a degree in nutrition, I'm here to break the news that it's far from easy, not just for me, but the unfortunate waiter, the distressed party hostess, or the sibling that doesn't quite understand why you are no help in devouring the Oreos.
This post is for anyone with a new diagnosis, those just coming to terms with an old diagnosis, and those that think that gluten intolerance might be a possibility. It's also for the friends and family of those affected by celiac disease or gluten intolerance, and for those that just want to learn more about it.
What's the deal with wheat, gluten, and these allergies?
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye and barley. You can be allergic to wheat, which is different than being gluten-intolerant (a broader category of things to avoid), which is different from having celiac disease. Here's a little about each.
Celiac Disease
- What it is: Not an allergy, but an autoimmune disorder that causes damage to the small intestine. We all have tons of little fingerlike-projections lining our small intestine that significantly increase the intestinal surface area, therefore assisting in absorption of nutrients. Normally as nutrients are passing through the small intestine, they are absorbed through the walls of the villi and into the bloodstream. However, when a person with celiac disease is exposed to gluten, their immune system responds by attacking and destroying their own villi. The result is malabsorption of nutrients.
- Symptoms: Vary by individual (and can actually be "silent" and present with nothing at all), but classic symptoms may include: constipation, diarrhea, bloating , cramping, abdominal pain, or abnormal stools .
Here are some good resources to read more about celiac: Celiac Disease Foundation and National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Diagnosis: If you or your doctor suspects Celiac disease, the first step is often blood tests (TTG-IgA/IgG and EMA-IgA/IgG). If these come back positive, then a definitive diagnosis is to complete a biopsy of the small intestine.
- Treatment: The only treatment is complete lifelong elimination of gluten from your diet.
Gluten Intolerance
- What it is: An inability to tolerate gluten, however not an autoimmune disorder or an allergy
- Symptoms: Similar to celiac disease (constipation, bloating, diarrhea, vomiting).
- Diagnosis: You likely will complete a blood test for celiac disease (it would be negative). The next step to confirm gluten intolerance would be to complete an elimination diet, where all gluten is avoided and symptoms are recorded. If there is improvement in symptoms, then intolerance to gluten can be assumed.
- Treatment: Avoidance of gluten. There is likely no damage to the small intestine if gluten is ingested, however the presentation of undesirable symptoms can be expected shortly following exposure. Is eating gluten worth it?
What to Avoid (if you have Celiac or gluten intolerance)
- Wheat (einkorn, durum, faro, graham, kamut, semolina, spelt), rye, barley and triticale. Most flours in common processed foods contain wheat. If it simply says "flour", don't eat it! (There are many gluten-free flours (potato, rice, tapioca, etc.), but they're usually written out. "Flour" can mean anything, so if in doubt, don't eat it!)
- Beers, ales, lagers and malt vinegars that are made from gluten-containing grains that are not distilled.
What to eat (if you have Celiac or gluten intolerance)
- Rice, corn (maize), soy, potato, tapioca, beans, fava, sorghum, quinoa, millet, buckwheat, arrowroot, amaranth, teff, flax, and nut flours.
- Distilled alcoholic beverages (wine/hard liquor) and vinegars are gluten-free. Or you may be able to find gluten-free beer.
What to Ask your Doctor or Dietitian About
- Oats - These are controversial and you may or may not react to oats, and you and your doctor can decide whether to avoid them.
Tips for dealing with a gluten-free diet
The list of foods to avoid can be overwhelmingly long. Remember that consuming whole foods that have been minimally processed may be one approach. Whole fruits, vegetables, meats, legumes, nuts and seeds should be safe, but always check (sometimes even plain salted nuts may have flour on them).
Do you need to go out and buy only gluten-free cookbooks? No! If you know how to make appropriate substitutions for gluten-containing recipes, then go ahead and adapt any recipes you like. From my own experience, it's not really intuitive how to substitute flours. The elasticity and rising action given from gluten is hard to replicate and usually requires a number of ingredients in place of one (example of a current substitution for whole wheat flour is a combination of: white rice, brown rice, tapioca, sorghum, amaranth, quinoa, and potato starch). Therefore, I would encourage gluten-free baking cookbooks to start as baking tends to be a bit of a challenge!
So… you're allergic to wheat?
No! Gluten intolerance, celiac disease and wheat allergy are three separate things. For people with gluten intolerance or Celiac Disease, in addition to wheat, they also need to avoid both rye and barley (and sometimes oats).
Where to Get More Information
The Gluten Intolerance Group: www.gluten.net
Celiac Disease Foundation: www.celiac.org
(Ed. Note – I, too, have celiac, and am so glad Tarynne wrote this post. I often get asked, "is the salad ok if I pick out the croutons first?" For me, the answer is no way! If someone you love or know has celiac or a food allergy, please take the time to learn about what they can eat - or simply ask rather than guess. I can only speak for myself, but when eating out or as a guest, I'm always willing to discuss the proposed menu to see if there's an easy substitution, if it's already naturally gluten-free, or plan to bring food so I'm not a burden! I'd much rather do that and enjoy the company and gathering than not eat or accidentally get sick!


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Hervé Chapelier
Ever since the early days of his enterprise, Hervé Chapelier, pioneer in the use of materials that are sturdy, colored and nimble, has offered made-for-travel bags, in orange, purple, fuchsia, red, pink and yellow tones, equipped with flat, braided handles, valuing fabrics that once upon a time were designed for safety belts used in the automotive industry. Thus was born the success of the "duffle bag." Retaining the same materials, Hervé Chapelier launched his backpack line, which is immediately applauded and adopted by high school and college students. Items that mark an epoch and launch a new fashion.
Simplicity and originality were, yet again, the order of the day, with the famous bi-color "cabas" (traditional French market) bag, the great classic of the Brand. A bag that has been sold in millions throughout the world, and whose success was never belied. Attentive and demanding on quality, Hervé Chapelier continues to this day to manufacture his products in France.


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The movie subtitle fansite undertexter.se has been raided by the police and copyright industry. This marks an escalation of the war against sharing culture and knowledge, as the site contained nothing but user-submitted translations of movie dialog. We are quickly coming to a two-tier justice system, where the copyright industry is right against single parents by definition, and that's not taken very well.
The movie subtitle fansite undertexter.se, literally meaning subtitles.se, is a site where people contribute their own translations of movies. This lets people who aren't good at the original language of a movie or cartoon put those fanmade subtitles – fansubs – on top of the movie or cartoon. Fansubbing is a thriving culture which usually provides better-than-professional subtitles for new episodes with less than 24 hours of turnaround (whereas the providers of the original cartoon or movie can easily take six months or more).
What's remarkable about this raid is that the copyright industry has decided to do a full-out raid against something that is entirely fan-made. It underscores the general sentiment of the copyright monopoly not protecting the creator of artwork, but protecting the big distribution monopolies, no matter who actually created the art. The copyright industry in Sweden has previously asserted threateningly that the dialog of a movie would be covered by the copyright monopoly, and that any fan translation – even for free – would be a violation of that monopoly. Still, going all-out with a police raid backed by the copyright industry's enforcement arm in Sweden is a clear escalation of violence.
(In Sweden, the copyright industry can legally order police raids. Such raids are called intrångsundersökning and are technically executed by the Enforcement Authority who enlist Police in turn. Details on the exact chain of command in this specific raid remain unclear as of Wednesday morning.)
In short, this event shows that the copyright industry will stop at nothing to reverse time to where they and they alone decided what culture and knowledge was available, and to whom. This war will not end until 1) the copyright industry is dead, or 2) they have complete control over access to the planet's culture and knowledge. Pick your sides and place your bets.
It is becoming increasingly clear that the police is acting to protect the copyright industry, and not to uphold the law. This is very, very serious. When Netflix copied fansubs for their Hollywood movies from the fansub site DivXFinland, everybody was amused – even though it was a textbook copyright monopoly violation of those fansubs. But Netflix is part of the copyright industry, and therefore, they are above the law.
When the Swedish video-on-demand service Voddler sat up on its pretend high-horse-in-shining-armor and proclaimed its love for the copyright monopoly and how important it was to all of civilization, while at the same time building its entire service on GPL code and thereby committing a huge copyright monopoly violation themselves, there's a pattern here. The rights, monopolies, and privileges don't matter in the slightest; what matters is who holds them.
This is the emergence of a two-tier justice system, where some rules apply to one set of people ("high justice"), and other rules apply to the rest of people ("low justice"). But a two-tier justice system is not a justice system at all; it is an oppression system.
This game is a dangerous one to play for the political elite. When ordinary people are told that there aren't police resources to investigate who raped them, who stole their car, and who broke into their home, and get the investigations closed in 15 minutes (which was the case with a rape investigation recently) – but there are police resources to conduct raids against fan-made creations from the common folk, just because the wealthiest feel like it (there's not even a credible threat to base the raid on) — that's a recipe for more than growing discontent. That's a recipe for an uprising, in one form or another. Which form such an uprising takes will depend entirely on how bad the corruption has fested.
The crew from undertexter.se has a statement out as of this morning:
Undertexter.se has had a police raid this morning (July 9) and servers and computers have been seized, and therefore, the site is down. We who work on the site don't consider an interpretation of dialog to be something illegal, especially not when sharing it for free. Henrik Pontén [the copyright industry's primary henchman in Sweden], who is behind the raid, disagrees. Sorry Hollywood, this was the totally wrong card to play. We will never surrender. […] We must do everything in our power to stop these anti-pirates. […]
The Swedish Pirate Party has published a press statement:
"The copyright industry is resorting to increasingly desperate measures to defend an obsolete copyright monopoly", says Anna Troberg, leader of the Swedish Pirate Party. "Today's monopoly scuttles and inhibits creativity in a way that is completely unreasonable. The raid against undertexter.se is yet another piece of evidence that the time has come to reform the copyright monopoly from the ground up."
(The subtitled frame illustrating the story is from the movie TPB AFK by Simon Klose.)
See also Marcus Fridholm, Gustav Nipe, Erik Hultin, Henrik Alexandersson, Magnihasa (all in Swedish).
UPDATE; In the Facebook thread, Adam Kumiszcza tips about a similar Polish case where the charges were dropped and the expert opinion was that translating from hearing and sharing for free is not infringing the copyright monopoly. This is relevant as any EU court sets precedent all over the EU.


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Entry Requirements & Travel Visas
Entry requirements are provided for your convenience. However, unless otherwise stated, it is your responsibility to determine the requirements that apply to you and your trip and to comply with them, including obtaining any necessary visas or other travel documents by the required deadlines and carrying them with you. Especially with COVID-19, requirements are subject to change, so check back for the latest before you depart.
Hong Kong Entry Requirements
Advice from our partner Sherpa
General Requirements & Guidelines
Advice from Friendly Planet
- In general, you must have a passport to travel abroad, which should be valid for at least six months after your return date. Passports expiring before then should be renewed as soon as possible. Passports contain at least 2 blank pages for each country visited. If your passport does not have this many pages, obtain a new passport as soon as possible.
- If your passport and visa are not in order, airlines and cruise ships may deny boarding, countries may deny entry, and your trip may be disrupted. Travel insurance may not cover such losses.
- Any changes in names or passport information should be reported to us immediately. Airlines and cruise ships may deny boarding if the name on your passport does not match your tickets.
- Minors (age 17 or younger) departing and/or returning to the U.S. without parents or with only one parent may be required by U.S. Customs & Border Protection (CBP) to present a notarized parental consent letter and/or unabridged birth certificate (more information). Many other countries have similar entry requirements, especially for minors traveling with a parent/guardian with a different surname; check with the consulates of all countries you'll be visiting to learn more.


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...one of the most highly
regarded and expertly designed C++ library projects in the
— Herb Sutter and Andrei
Alexandrescu, C++
Coding Standards
#include <boost/math/distributions/non_central_t.hpp>
namespace boost{ namespace math{ template <class RealType = double, class Policy = policies::policy<> > class non_central_t_distribution; typedef non_central_t_distribution<> non_central_t; template <class RealType, class Policy> class non_central_t_distribution { public: typedef RealType value_type; typedef Policy policy_type; // Constructor: non_central_t_distribution(RealType v, RealType delta); // Accessor to degrees_of_freedom parameter v: RealType degrees_of_freedom()const; // Accessor to non-centrality parameter delta: RealType non_centrality()const; }; }} // namespaces
The noncentral T distribution is a generalization of the Students t Distribution. Let X have a normal distribution with mean δ and variance 1, and let ν S2 have a chi-squared distribution with degrees of freedom ν. Assume that X and S2 are independent. The distribution of tν(δ)=X/S is called a noncentral t distribution with degrees of freedom ν and noncentrality parameter δ.
This gives the following PDF:
where 1F1(a;b;x) is a confluent hypergeometric function.
The following graph illustrates how the distribution changes for different values of ν and δ:
non_central_t_distribution(RealType v, RealType delta);
Constructs a non-central t distribution with degrees of freedom parameter v and non-centrality parameter delta.
Requires v > 0 (including positive infinity) and finite delta, otherwise calls domain_error.
RealType degrees_of_freedom()const;
Returns the parameter v from which this object was constructed.
RealType non_centrality()const;
Returns the non-centrality parameter delta from which this object was constructed.
All the usual non-member accessor functions that are generic to all distributions are supported: Cumulative Distribution Function, Probability Density Function, Quantile, Hazard Function, Cumulative Hazard Function, mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, kurtosis_excess, range and support.
The domain of the random variable is [-∞, +∞].
The following table shows the peak errors (in units of epsilon) found on various platforms with various floating-point types. Unless otherwise specified, any floating-point type that is narrower than the one shown will have effectively zero error.
Table 5.8. Error rates for non central t CDF
GNU C++ version 7.1.0 |
GNU C++ version 7.1.0 |
Sun compiler version 0x5150 |
Microsoft Visual C++ version 14.1 |
Non Central T |
Max = 0.796ε (Mean = 0.0691ε) |
Max = 139ε (Mean = 31ε) |
Max = 145ε (Mean = 30.9ε) |
Max = 135ε (Mean = 32.1ε) |
Non Central T (small non-centrality) |
Max = 0ε (Mean = 0ε) |
Max = 3.86ε (Mean = 1.4ε) |
Max = 9.15ε (Mean = 2.13ε) |
Max = 6.17ε (Mean = 1.45ε) |
Non Central T (large parameters) |
Max = 257ε (Mean = 72.1ε) |
Max = 5.26e+05ε (Mean = 1.48e+05ε) |
Max = 5.24e+05ε (Mean = 1.47e+05ε) |
Max = 286ε (Mean = 62.8ε) |
Table 5.9. Error rates for non central t CDF complement
GNU C++ version 7.1.0 |
GNU C++ version 7.1.0 |
Sun compiler version 0x5150 |
Microsoft Visual C++ version 14.1 |
Non Central T |
Max = 0.707ε (Mean = 0.0497ε) |
Max = 201ε (Mean = 31.7ε) |
Max = 340ε (Mean = 43.2ε) |
Max = 154ε (Mean = 32.1ε) |
Non Central T (small non-centrality) |
Max = 0ε (Mean = 0ε) |
Max = 10.5ε (Mean = 2.13ε) |
Max = 10.5ε (Mean = 2.39ε) |
Max = 4.6ε (Mean = 1.63ε) |
Non Central T (large parameters) |
Max = 478ε (Mean = 96.3ε) |
Max = 9.79e+05ε (Mean = 1.97e+05ε) |
Max = 9.79e+05ε (Mean = 1.97e+05ε) |
Max = 227ε (Mean = 50.4ε) |
Caution | |
The complexity of the current algorithm is dependent upon δ2: consequently the time taken to evaluate the CDF increases rapidly for δ > 500, likewise the accuracy decreases rapidly for very large δ. |
Accuracy for the quantile and PDF functions should be broadly similar.
The mode is determined numerically and cannot in principal
be more accurate than the square root of floating-point type FPT epsilon,
accessed using boost::math::tools::epsilon<FPT>()
For 64-bit double
, epsilon
is about 1e-16, so the fractional accuracy is limited to 1e-8.
There are two sets of tests of this distribution:
Basic sanity checks compare this implementation to the test values given in "Computing discrete mixtures of continuous distributions: noncentral chisquare, noncentral t and the distribution of the square of the sample multiple correlation coefficient." Denise Benton, K. Krishnamoorthy, Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 43 (2003) 249-267.
Accuracy checks use test data computed with this implementation and arbitary precision interval arithmetic: this test data is believed to be accurate to at least 50 decimal places.
The cases of large (or infinite) ν and/or large δ has received special treatment to avoid catastrophic loss of accuracy. New tests have been added to confirm the improvement achieved.
From Boost 1.52, degrees of freedom ν can be +∞ when the normal distribution located at δ (equivalent to the central Student's t distribution) is used in place for accuracy and speed.
The CDF is computed using a modification of the method described in "Computing discrete mixtures of continuous distributions: noncentral chisquare, noncentral t and the distribution of the square of the sample multiple correlation coefficient." Denise Benton, K. Krishnamoorthy, Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 43 (2003) 249-267.
This uses the following formula for the CDF:
Where Ix(a,b) is the incomplete beta function, and Φ(x) is the normal CDF at x.
Iteration starts at the largest of the Poisson weighting terms (at i = δ2 / 2) and then proceeds in both directions as per Benton and Krishnamoorthy's paper.
Alternatively, by considering what happens when t = ∞, we have x = 1, and therefore Ix(a,b) = 1 and:
From this we can easily show that:
and therefore we have a means to compute either the probability or its complement directly without the risk of cancellation error. The crossover criterion for choosing whether to calculate the CDF or its complement is the same as for the Noncentral Beta Distribution.
The PDF can be computed by a very similar method using:
Where Ix'(a,b) is the derivative of the incomplete beta function.
For both the PDF and CDF we switch to approximating the distribution by a Student's t distribution centred on δ when ν is very large. The crossover location appears to be when δ/(4ν) < ε, this location was estimated by inspection of equation 2.6 in "A Comparison of Approximations To Percentiles of the Noncentral t-Distribution". H. Sahai and M. M. Ojeda, Revista Investigacion Operacional Vol 21, No 2, 2000, page 123.
Equation 2.6 is a Fisher-Cornish expansion by Eeden and Johnson. The second term includes the ratio δ/(4ν), so when this term become negligible, this and following terms can be ignored, leaving just Student's t distribution centred on δ.
This was also confirmed by experimental testing.
See also
The quantile is calculated via the usual root-finding without derivatives method with the initial guess taken as the quantile of a normal approximation to the noncentral T.
There is no closed form for the mode, so this is computed via functional maximisation of the PDF.
The remaining functions (mean, variance etc) are implemented using the formulas given in Weisstein, Eric W. "Noncentral Student's t-Distribution." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/NoncentralStudentst-Distribution.html and in the Mathematica documentation.
Some analytic properties of noncentral distributions (particularly unimodality, and monotonicity of their modes) are surveyed and summarized by:
Andrea van Aubel & Wolfgang Gawronski, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 141 (2003) 3-12.


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There were 388,000 first-time claims for jobless benefits last week, down just 1,000 from the week before, the Employment and Training Administration just reported.
And in another sign that the labor market's recovery remains sluggish, the agency said "the 4-week moving average was 381,750, an increase of 6,250 from the previous week's revised average of 375,500." That measure is said by economists to be a better gauge of the underlying trend in claims.
The number of weekly claims has been below 400,000 since last October. But they have also edged up since February, when they dipped to near 360,000.
The Associated Press calls the news "a sign that hiring has likely slowed since winter."
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Mayor Bill de Blasio and Senator Chuck Schumer announced $3 billion in federal funding for Sandy-related repairs and resiliency improvements for the New York City Housing Authority. Speaking at an afternoon press conference in Red Hook, de Blasio and Schumer celebrated the massive block of federal funding intended for 33 separate NYCHA developments.
de Blasio and Schumer were joined by Reps. Gregory Meeks, Nydia Velazquez and Hakeem Jeffries, Council Member Carlos Menchaca, Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams and NYCHA CEO Shola Olatoye.
On Topic Q&A:
Here is the full on topic Q&A.
Off Topic Q&A:
Here is the full off topic Q&A.


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Why public Wi-Fi could be a disaster for you
Although WiFi has greatly increased convenience for laptop and smartphone users, it's also opened up a significant number of security risks. Here's how you can protect yourself from these threats.
Wi-Fi has drastically changed the world we live in, making it easier than ever to access the internet. Free public Wi-Fi networks can be found everywhere: public parks, coffee shops, churches, malls, libraries, and public transportation like buses and trains. Although this technology has greatly increased convenience for laptop and smartphone users, it's also opened up a significant number of security risks. Here's why public Wi-Fi can be dangerous, and here's how you can protect yourself from these threats.
Area networks, PSKs, and encryption breaking
To understand some of the most common types of attacks, you need to know how Wi-Fi works. This technology is a type of wireless local area network which exchanges data with your device using radio waves. A device called an access point communicates with your phone, tablet, or computer, then connects to the internet with a network router. The data exchanged between your device and the router is encrypted using a pre-shared key (PSK).
Unfortunately, since everyone within a Wi-Fi hotspot can connect to the same network, it's possible for anyone within the area to see the data that is being exchanged on the other devices. One common method, called network sniffing, happens when an attacker intercepts visible traffic on a Wi-Fi channel. In some cases, the attacker might manage to intercept the PSK, allowing them to decrypt all data sent to a specific device until the connection is broken or the PSK is changed. Even if they don't get lucky enough to intercept the PSK, they might use a "brute force application" to try and guess it, which allows attackers to test millions of combinations per second. This means that if the network administrator selected a simple PSK, the attacker can usually obtain it relatively quickly. (This threat can be reduced if the administrator chose a strong key, with mixed case letters, decent length, no dictionary words, and a variety of numbers or symbols.)
Some venues, however, don't bother to encrypt their data at all. Many locations display nothing more than an advertisement or agreement page before allowing users to connect. Even though businesses typically restrict Wi-Fi use to patrons (for example, by printing the password on a receipt) your data can still be visible to any other customer present. Some attackers even collect data passively and decrypt it later.
Fake networks and page spoofing
There are other potential risks for those who try to connect to public Wi-Fi. One type of attack involves setting up an entirely new Wi-Fi network and tricking users into connecting with it, which then allows the owner of the network to view any data sent. This practice is especially dangerous for users who connect to any open network.
Another strategy used by hackers is to create a fake access point in an area that might plausibly have free Wi-Fi. For example, they might set up a network at a bus station that does not offer Wi-Fi, and label the hotspot "BusStationInternet." Or a hacker might create a second network at a location that already offers Wi-Fi; if you're at a library with a hotspot called "CityLibrary1", they might create another hotspot called "CityLibrary2." Unsuspecting library patrons might choose a network based on the name alone, and when they link to the hacker's Wi-Fi, the hacker can easily view any information.
Although some hackers are content to gather whatever data you may accidentally give them, others may try to elicit specific information, such as account logins or email addresses. Some malicious access points rely on a practice called page spoofing to obtain that kind of desirable data. When a page is spoofed, hackers will create a fake webpage that looks just like the real thing, in order to encourage you to enter your information. For example, they may ask you to share something on social media to access the internet; you will be directed to a fake login page that looks exactly like the real one. After you've entered your account information, you'll be shown an error—possibly telling you that you've incorrectly entered your password or username—and then you're unwittingly redirected to the legitimate page, where you'll be able to log in, but this time with an audience. In this scenario, you may give away access to your social media account without even realizing it.
Privacy from proprietors
Even in those situations where the public Wi-Fi network is safe from hackers, you might still face privacy breaches, but instead from the very establishment offering the hotspot. Although most businesses aren't trying to steal your identity, they may use your information in ways that you don't want them to. Many Wi-Fi owners gather data from their users for advertising or statistical purposes. They may also request that you leave am email or phone number in exchange for network access, or that you share their business on your social media profiles. Some businesses triangulate your physical location using Wi-Fi signal strength, in order to determine how crowded their establishments are or to learn about the routes you take through a store.
How to stay safe
So how do you protect yourself against invasions of your privacy and malicious hacking? The most foolproof way is to avoid using public Wi-Fi networks at all, but not everyone is willing to make that sacrifice. If you do want to connect, always verify the legitimacy of the Wi-Fi network beforehand. Don't rely on the name alone; ask a staff member for the correct network or look for a posted sign. If you're concerned about the business's access to your data, check the terms of service carefully before agreeing.
When you're on a public Wi-Fi network, only access websites that do not require you to login, and don't make purchases online. If you absolutely must access an online account—for example, your email inbox or a social media page—then only visit websites that use HTTPS encryption. Do not ignore browser warnings if the security certificate is invalid.
Avoid downloading any files or software, since they may contain viruses, and make sure that you have a good firewall and current antivirus software. Finally, consider using a virtual private network (VPN), which can mask your IP address and add another layer of encryption to your connection. Public Wi-Fi hotspots can be dangerous, but with some sensible precautions you can keep yourself safe.
Editorial note: Our articles provide educational information for you. Our offerings may not cover or protect against every type of crime, fraud, or threat we write about. Our goal is to increase awareness about Cyber Safety. Please review complete Terms during enrollment or setup. Remember that no one can prevent all identity theft or cybercrime, and that LifeLock does not monitor all transactions at all businesses. The Norton and LifeLock brands are part of Gen Digital Inc.


text:
In research, to perform scientific research at the highest international levels, integrating cutting-edge multidisciplinary approaches to solving significant problems in biology and pharmacy.
In education, to develop internationally competitive professionals with excellent leadership, communication and teamwork skills who can contribute to an exceptional talent pool in Egypt and internationally.
It is our mission to provide a high quality education and learning experience for undergraduate and postgraduate students. We train competent professional biochemists with the knowledge, skills, and values required to address the need for high-level staff.
We support and retain the best possible academic, research, and technical staff. We promote the development of staff by creating the right environment and opportunities for staff to develop their full potential. This staff provides high quality academic programs in Biochemistry, and they provide graduates with a sound knowledge of the fundamental principles and practice of Biochemistry.
We build a rich collegial atmosphere that will equip our graduates with transferable skills and an awareness of research ethics. We provide outstanding teaching in the biochemical sciences in accredited programs and to conduct quality research of international repute.


text:
In order to continue receiving Troy University's portion of the State Fiscal Stabilization Funds, and to increase transparency and accountability in state government, Governor Riley signed Executive Order No. 46 in February 2009 requiring the creation of a publicly accessible website that details all spending by state government. The collection and posting of data is managed by the office of the Troy University Senior Vice-Chancellor for Business and Finance. Beginning in fiscal year 2009 each institution of higher education is required to begin posting monthly all expenditures made by the institution. Troy University has posted its below. It includes all check and wire transfer payments that do not include information that is confidential to anyone's payroll deductions, HIPAA or FERPA related information, or any other information that is subject to prohibitions by state and/or federal law/regulations. By September 1, 2010, this information will be searchable and, at a minimum, allow users to 1) search expenditures by any element of the information listed above, 2) ascertain through a single search the total amount of funding awarded to a person or state entity, and 3) download information yielded by a search.
For links to other Alabama institutions, visit http://www.ache.state.al.us/Expenditure/Index.htm or for further information regarding Open Alabama, visit http://open.alabama.gov/.
The information is updated once monthly, within three days of the closing of the monthly expenditures.


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Info With our food browser, you can sort thousands of different foods and recipes by serine, or by dozens of other nutrients. You can also choose to display the nutrition by serving, "per 100 g", or "per 200 calories" depending on how you want to see the nutrient density.
Just checking us out for the first time? Head over to our homepage to use the automatic meal planner, the fastest and easiest way to get started with any type of diet.
Note The restaurant foods and branded foods have very limited micronutrient information, and may not have accurate weight data if you choose to display nutrition "Per 100 g".


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Welcome to ActiVote!
& thanks for running!
Our candidate survey is different! First, your answers stay private and only your position in our policy matrix is shown to voters to encourage them to research those candidates who align with their values!
We want your campaign to be seen and heard, while providing a platform for all candidates to highlight their individuality and values as a candidate.
Once you download and setup the app you can see where you plot next to others in your race and gain access to voters who are itching for some quality candidate information.
Ready to get Started?!
Create a profile
You can find ActiVote in either the App Store or Google Play. Go to the VOTE theme, find your voter registration. Check out your elections and rank yourself as your 1st choice in your race!
Verify & Volunteer
Happy with your positioning? Send a note to email@example.com and we will ensure your position is visible. You can use the peer-to-peer organizing features of ActiVote with your team to energize your voters!
Frequently Asked Questions
Concerned? Curious? See what others have been asking about
How are you sharing my answers with voters?
We aren't! Your answers stay completely private and only your finalized grid position is shared with voters. We are not looking to create "gotcha" questions nor create news with your answers, only to share positioning so that voters feel empowered to vote their values.
What if I don't like my position and want to change my answers?
You can change your answers at anytime and your grid position is recalculated every 5 minutes. The more questions you answer the more accurate your positioning will be.
Why did you choose to apply your data science backgrounds to politics?
We feel that democracy is at its best when the more people participate. Some voters put up a firewall to shield themselves from candidate outreach but then don't know who to vote for when election day comes around. We aim to ensure that they have a safe place to look into candidates and empower their vote!