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Frequently Asked Questions
- Inmate Account
- Inmate Mail
- Inmate Locator
- Inmate Visiting
- Phone Calls
- Posting Bail
- Parole and Probation
- Pre-Trial Supervision
- Pre-Release and Reentry Services (PRRS)
- DOCR Human Resources
- Transportation
Inmate Account
- Can I process funds without an inmate facility id?
- What form of payment do you accept for deposit into an inmate account?
- How can I use cash, credit or debit cards to make deposits against an inmate account?
- What is the maximum amount I can deposit?
- What if two inmates have the same name in the Secure Deposit Kiosk?
- Will I get a receipt after I deposit money?
- When does an inmate have access to his/her funds?
- Can we wire or western union funds?
- Can I deposit money any time of the day?
- Do you accept money order for commissary?
- Do you accept insurance, personal or payroll checks?
- When are commissary orders placed and received?
- When is the last day/time to deposit money in order to make the commissary deadline?
- How much money is in my son /daughter's account?
- What are some of the basic hygiene items that can be ordered from the commissary?
- What did my son/daughter order from the commissary?
- Can you mail a copy of the commissary item list with prices?
- Upon transfer/release, how do I obtain my funds from the facility?
- How can inmate release money to an outside party?
Can I process funds without an inmate facility id?
No, to ensure that an inmate account is properly credited, we must have an inmate ID or processing the inmate fund will be delayed until an ID is secured. To obtain inmate facility id please call: (240) 777-9732
What form of payment do you accept for deposit into an inmates account?
We accept cash, credit card (Master and Visa), debit cards and government issued checks only.
How can I use cash, credit or debit cards to make deposits against an inmate account?
The Secure Deposit Kiosk: is a new efficient way to collect cash, credit and debit card transactions electronically and post to inmate accounts. The kiosk is located in the front lobby of each facility. The secure deposit Kiosk accepts cash denominations of $5 $10 $20 $50 & $100.00. The machine will not accept $1 dollar bills. A charge of $3.00 will be assessed for transactions of $.01-$300.00.
Credit & Debit Deposits Via Lobby Kiosk or Internet: The Secure Deposit Kiosk also accepts Visa and Master Card transactions as well as debit card transactions as a form of payment. Payments can also be made via the internet at www.inmatedeposits.com
The deposit fees for credit & debit transactions via the lobby or the internet are listed below:
Amount | Fees |
$01-$19.99 | $2.95 |
$20.00-$99.99 | $5.95 |
$100.00-$199.99 | $7.95 |
$200.00-$300.00 | $9.95 |
Credit & Debit Deposits via the phone: Funds can be deposited into inmate accounts via the phone. When making deposits via the phone, you will need one or more of the following: Inmate booking date, date of birth, the state where the inmate is currently incarcerated and the name of the correctional facility. Transactions are posted usually within 10 minutes of completed transaction. The toll free phone number is 1-866-345-1884.
The fees for phone charges are listed below:
Amount | Fees |
$01-$19.99 | $3.95 |
$20.00-$99.99 | $6.95 |
$100.00-$199.99 | $8.95 |
$200.00-$300.00 | $10.95 |
What is the maximum amount I can deposit?
The maximum amount that can be deposited in an inmate's account is $300.00 per transaction.
What if two inmates have the same name in the Secure Deposit Kiosk?
In order to verify the accuracy and eliminate mistaken deposits, offender ID is verified at point of sale by last name, date of birth or booking date search.
Will I get a receipt after I deposit money?
- Yes
When does an inmate have access to his/her funds?
If funds are deposited using the Secure Deposit Kiosk, inmates have access to his/her account immediately. If making payment via the internet or phone it can take up to 10 minutes to post to an account.
Can we wire or western union funds?
We do not accept wire or western union funds.
Can I deposit money any time of the day?
Acceptable funds can be deposited during the facility hours of operation
Do you accept money order for commissary?
No. We accept cash and credit card at the kiosk. We also accept checks from other jurisdictions and government checks.
Do you accept insurance, personal or payroll checks?
No. We only accept government issued checks.
When are commissary orders placed and received?
Commissary orders are placed Friday through Thursday each week; order deadline is 2pm on Thursday and Saturday is delivery day between the hours of 7am-11am.
When is the last day/time to deposit money in order to make the commissary deadline?
Funds must be deposited by 8:00am on Thursdays.
How much money is in my son /daughter's account?
We cannot disclose any financial information to family members and or friends.
What are some of the basic hygiene items that can be ordered from the commissary?
Soap, toothpaste, deodorant, socks and underwear, etc.
What did my son/daughter order from the commissary?
Due to confidentially we cannot disclose any information regarding an inmate commissary history.
Can you mail a copy of the commissary item list with prices?
We cannot mail a copy of the commissary item list, however; if you contact our office we can provide an average cost of items. Contact info: 240 773-9731.
Upon transfer/release, how do I obtain my funds from the facility?
Money remaining in your canteen account will be given to you the day of release. If you are being transferred to another facility and the sheriff do not take your money. You may write us to have your funds forwarded to your new location.
How can an inmate release money to an outside party?
Money release request forms are processed on the 15th and 30th of each month. An inmate can release all or part of their funds by completing a money release request.
Inmate Mail/Correspondence
Policy Change Inmate Mail/Correspondence
As part of our on-going efforts to provide a safe and secure facility, the Montgomery County Department of Correction and Rehabilitation has implemented the following policy change.Effective October 21, 2020, there have been changes in the mail policy. Please review the new policy (1200-6-1) prior to sending any correspondence.
- Effective September 15, 2021, if any photograph within a mailing is deemed to be a violation of Departmental Policy, ALL photos in the mailing will be returned to sender, there will be no partial delivery.
- Effective September 8, 2021, photographs sent through a third party vendor (ie. Shutterfly, FreePrint, etc.) will not be accepted. All photographs must arrive in a plain white envelope with a clearly marked return address from the individual sending the photographs. All photographs will be inspected. Photos larger than the standard 4X6 are not acceptable. Any photographs deemed to be a violation of Departmental Policy will be returned to sender.
- Effective September 8, 2021, inmates are limited to seven (7) items of reading material (including books and magazines combined). Any reading materials in excess of seven (7) will be considered contraband and confiscated and placed in the inmate's property. Inmates may coordinate for an outside party to pick up confiscated reading material. It is the responsibility of the inmate to ensure that they do not exceed the seven item limit and to coordinate property retrieval by an outside party. Please check with an inmate prior to sending reading material to ensure they do not exceed their limit. If an inmate has reached their limit of reading material, any subsequently received reading material will be immediately returned to sender and will not be stored or kept at the facility.
- Effective January 28, 2018, the Montgomery County Department of Correction and Rehabilitation will no longer accept incoming inmate mail at the Montgomery County Detention Center (MCDC). All incoming inmate mail should be addressed to the inmate using the following address: Montgomery County Correctional Facility (MCCF), 22880 Whelan Lane, Boyds, Maryland 20841. Once the mail is received and processed at MCCF, it will then be delivered to the Montgomery County Detention Center (MCDC) to be disseminated to the inmate worker population. Any inmate mail received after the above effective date at the Montgomery County Detention Center will be returned to sender.
- Effective November 1, 2017 the Montgomery County Department of Correction and Rehabilitation will no longer accept incoming mail that is received in colored envelopes. We will only process and deliver mail that is received in a plain white envelope. All inmate mail received after November 1, 2017 in anything but a white envelope will be considered contraband and returned to sender.
- Inmates may send and receive unlimited amounts of mail on a daily basis.
- All mail received must have a return address or it will be returned to the post office. All received mail will be opened and inspected for contraband (items not allowed to be received while confined at the Correctional Facility).
- Mail containing contraband may be returned to the sender or in case of contraband that may be considered a violation of Maryland law, may be turned over to the Montgomery County Police Department for disposition. Examples of contraband include: postage stamps, photographs depicting pornography, cash, clothing, etc.
- Please make sure the inmate's name is clearly indicated on the envelope/package.
Mail sent to inmates must be mailed to the following addresse:
- Montgomery County Correctional Facility
Attn: [Inmate Name and ID Number]
P.O. Box 247
Phoenix Maryland 21131
- Inmates have the opportunity to purchase from the commissary stamped envelopes and other writing materials. When inmates are without funds, they may order a limited number of stamped envelopes and other writing materials from the Kiosk/Canteen.
- If an inmate is no longer within one of our facilities, all mail will be returned to the sender.
- Inmates cannot receive e-mail communication.
- It is extremely rare that we would pass a message on to one of our inmates. It is the inmate's responsibility to keep in contact with family and friends.
Major emergencies, may be called in to the facility at 240-773-9700 (Montgomery County Correctional Facility) or 240-777-9810 (Montgomery County Detention Center)
Inmate Locator
Montgomery County Department of Correction and Rehabilitation does not have an automated list of offenders. However, you may use the following link to determine if person is incarcerated anywhere in the State of Maryland (or other participating states, commonwealths and the District of Columbia)
If you need to obtain specific location, obtain an inmate's identification number or have additional questions about a person incarcerated/detained in any Montgomery County Department of Correction and Rehabilitation facilities, please call Inmate Records Section.
Inmate Records Section phone number: 240-777-9730
Physical address:
Montgomery County Detention Center
ATTN: Inmate Records
1307 Seven Locks Road, Rockville, Maryland 20854
After Hours Inmate Records Section Coverage
On Friday and Saturday between the hours of 11pm and 6:30am, calls to Inmate Records are forwarded and answered by Montgomery County Detention Center Shift Commanders. You may contact them directly at 240-777-9810.
- Do you have an opening and where can I go to see the job announcement?
- Do you have to be a US Citizen or a Resident Alien to apply for correctional positions?
- How long will it be before I hear back from the department after taking the Correctional Officer examination?
- How long is the public safety background phase of the employment process?
- Should I resign from my current position while being processed for DOCR?
- Where can I find a description of job benefits?
- What are the minimum qualifications to become a Correctional Officer?
- If I want to be a Correctional Officer, can I get a pre-employment tour of your facilities?
- Can I send my resume for any position to your office?
Do you have an opening and where can I go to see job announcement?
You can visit the Montgomery County Careers Web site at www.montgomerycountymd.gov
Do you have to be a US Citizen or a Resident Alien to apply for correctional positions?
Yes, you must be a US Citizen or a Resident Alien to be considered for a correctional position.
How long will it be before I hear back from the department after taking the Correctional Officer examination?
We will contact only those applicants who received a "Well Qualified" rating for processing. Applicants will receive an email 4-6 weeks after the examination.
How long is the public safety background phase of the employment process?
The process takes between 6-10 weeks, depends on information being received on a timely basis and the applicant maintaining required appointments.
Should I resign from my current position while being processed for DOCR?
No, you should not resign from your current position after receiving the contingent job offer from DOCR. The final job offer will be provided by Montgomery County once you have successfully completed all the requirements of the employment process and background investigation.
Where can I find a description of job benefits?
You can visit the Montgomery County Careers Website to view County benefits.http://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/ohr/staffing/careers.html
What are the minimum qualifications to be come a Correctional Officer?
The minimum qualifications to become a Correctional Officer are: 18 years of age, have a valid driver's license, be a US Citizen or Resident Alien, and have one year of work experience.
If I want to be a Correctional Officer, can I get a pre-employment tour of your facilities?
No. We do not give tours prior to employment for applicants.
Can I send my resume for any position to your office?
No. The Montgomery County recruitment process is paperless; therefore you must apply online going through the Montgomery County Career Website at http://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/ohr/staffing/careers.html for positions that are posted
Inmate Phone Calls
- Inmates have daily access to collect call only telephones.
- All outgoing calls must be collect or by Prepaid Account. (see ICSolutions information below).
- Telephone calls may be monitored and/or recorded.
- There is no provision for incoming calls to inmates incarcerated at the facility.
- Correctional facility personnel do not accept or pass along phone messages.
- If you receive a call from an inmate incarcerated in one of our facilities and do not wish to accept the call then or in the future, please follow the phone prompts; they will allow you to restrict future calls.
In the event that you mistakenly block a call from the facility, you may contact the inmate phone system provider and have the block removed by calling 888-506-8407.
- International calling cards are available for purchase through inmate commissary.
ICSolutions Prepaid Account
ICSolutions is the inmate phone management system utilized by the department. As part of its role to help inmates complete as many calls as possible, ICS has established a pre-paid collect procedure (Prepaid Account). There is no fee for setting up these accounts. Family and friends call the operator and send a cashier's check or money order along with their name, address, and the destination telephone number to:
Attention: Customer Service
2200 Danbury St., San Antonio, TX 78217
Web Address:www.ICSolution.com
If they choose to use a credit card, they may call the operator at 1-888-506-8407. There is a credit card processing fee associated with this method. They may also use Debit Cards, or Western Union.1-800 numbers can NOT be called from within the correctional facilities.
The Prepaid Account process is the only method for inmates to make calls to friends and families that utilize companies such as Comcast, Vonage, Cavelier, Covad, etc. as their local telephone company, or if they use a cell phone.
Prepaid Account Information and Live Operator | 1-888-506-8407
Posting Bail
All bails, fines, and fees are accepted at the District Court Commissioner's Office and must be paid by cash, certified check or cashier's check.
District Court Commissioners Office Rockville
Address: 191 East Jefferson St Rockville, MD 20850
Telephone: (301) 563-8850
Office Hours: 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
District Court Commissioners Office | Located within Montgomery County Central Processing Unit
Address: 1307 Seven Locks Road Rockville, MD 20854
Telephone: (301) 610-7217
Office Hours: 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
District Court Silver Spring | This office accepts bonds, fines and fees
Address: 8552 2nd Avenue Silver Spring, MD 20910-3380
Telephone: (301) 563-8550
Office Hours: 7am to 11pm
Parole and Probation
How can I contact my Parole Officer?
Click on the link for information:
Maryland Division of Parole and Probation Regional and Field Offices
Pre-Trial Supervision
- Will Pre-Trial be calling my place of employment?
- What happens if I miss an appointment?
- Why do I have to submit to urinalysis if I don't have a drug charge?
- Will someone come to my house?
- Will the judge know if am doing well on Pre-Trial Supervision?
- The Commissioner released me and told me to call this number?
- Tips for Successful Pre-Trial participation
Will Pre-Trial be calling my place of employment?
Possibly.The Pre-Trial case managers understand that many defendants do not wish their employers to be aware of their arrest. In many instances, work may be verified through a friend or relative or by your bringing a current pay stub to your appointment. However, if you are missing Pre-Trial appointments due to your work and have not provided verification, your employer may be called. Although your case manager will attempt to work with you to set appointments that will not interfere with your work schedule, ultimately you are responsible for making arrangements to meet your obligations to report to Pre-Trial.
What happens if I miss an appointment?
A missed appointment is a violation of the conditions of your release. Depending upon your charge and other circumstances regarding your case, your case manager may notify the court of a missed appointment. If you encounter circumstances beyond your control that may cause you to miss an appointment, call your case manager to discuss the issue. Your case manager may still require you to report or may schedule another appointment date at his or her discretion. If you are under "Tracking" supervision and are required to call in only, your telephone calls are your appointments. If you realize you've missed a call, telephone your case manager immediately. If it is after hours, leave a message and call back on the next business day.
Why do I have to submit to urinalysis if I don't have a drug charge?
The staff at Pre-Trial supervision is aware that some drugs may stay in your system for a time if you used them prior to your arrest. If you have been ordered to participate in treatment, you must follow through on this order. If the judge did not order you to treatment, Pre-Trial may continue to monitor your use through regular urinalysis, or, if it is indicated you are continuing to use, you may be referred to treatment or a violation petition may be issued to the court.
Will someone come to my house?
Possibly. Your case manager may make a scheduled or unscheduled visit to your home to verify your address.
Will the judge know if I am doing well on Pre-Trial Supervision?
Yes! A report is submitted to the court when you are scheduled for a trial, plea or sentencing. The judge may use the information contained in a Pre-Trial report to help determine whether you should remain out on bond pending future court dates or what kind of sentence you should receive. The judge will also be notified if you are violating the conditions of your release. In some instances, Pre-Trial may request that your bond be revoked if you are not following the conditions of your release.
The Commissioner released me and told me to call this number.
The Commissioner released you to Pre-Trial Services and you must call us within 24 hours or the next business day to set up an appointment to come in for your intake interview. Pre-Trial supervision is a condition of your bond and is MANDATORY until a judge says otherwise. You will be scheduled for your first appointment in about 1-3 business days and it will be during business hours. You will be at Pre Trial Services for approximately 1-2 hours the first time. During the interview you will be assigned a caseworker and your reporting days.
Tips for successful Pre-Trial participation
- Report for all appointments at Pre-Trial and/or treatment programs.
- Report any problems you are having to your case manager.
- Bring your reporting card with you to all Pre-trial appointments.
- Keep a record of all of your treatment appointments, including the date and who you saw.
- Report any changes in your address, employment or telephone number to
Pre-Trial, treatment agencies and your attorney. - Obtain an attorney either privately or through the Office of the Public
Defender as soon as possible. - Report to court for all of your court dates.
- Stay arrest-free.
Pre-Release and Reentry Services (PRRS)
- When are sentenced individuals eligible for consideration for PRRS?
- Do I need to be a resident of Montgomery County to participate in the program?
- What offense charges would rule out an individual for PRRS?
- Do you take sex offenders? If so, why and what do you do with them?
- How do I apply for consideration for PRRS?
- Can I be pre-screened for consideration for PRRS?
- What actually does the screening (or pre-screening) process entail?
- Is their a waiting list of candidates for PRRS?
- Will individuals lose their jobs if they come to PRRS?
- What is Home Confinement?
When are sentenced individuals eligible for consideration for PRRS?
Under Montgomery County statutes, PRRS may serve individuals who are within 12 months of release from confinement. However, PRRS generally aims to enroll individuals into its program when they are within 6 months or release, and will enroll individuals for longer periods of time when there are specific needs and benefits.
Do I need to be a resident of Montgomery County to participate in the program?
No. Individuals serving sentences of 18 months or less in the Montgomery County Department of Correction and Rehabilitation are eligible for consideration for PRRS whether they are residents or not. The program also serves individuals returning from the State Division of Correction who are within six months of release, who have been approved by PRRS screeners, and who will be returning to Montgomery County. Finally, the program has a contract with the Federal Bureau of Prisons and will screen for eligibility individuals who are within six months of release and returning to the Greater Washington Metropolitan Area.
What offense charges would rule out an individual's eligibility for PRRS?
Individuals with a past conviction for escape from any type of correctional program are ineligible for PRRS. However, the offenses of all candidates are carefully scrutinized, and PRRS screeners will only recommend individuals into the program that can be safely managed in a community correctional setting.
Do you take sex offenders? If so, why and what do you do with them?
Individuals with sex offenses are considered and placed at PRRS with the belief that the public's safety is enhanced when soon-to-be released sex offenders can address their reentry needs and avoid post-release homelessness and an inability to support themselves. All individuals with sex offenses are placed on GPS electronic monitoring, complete a registration process with the local police and must participate in sex offender treatment services. As with all residents, they only access the community with pre-approval from PRRS.
How do I apply for consideration for PRRS?
All sentenced individuals incarcerated in the Montgomery County Department of Correction and Rehabilitation's detention facilities – Montgomery County Detention Center (MCDC) and Montgomery County Correctional Facility (MCCF) –are considered for eligibility for PRRS on a weekly basis automatically. Individuals must be within the statutory guidelines of having 12 months or less remaining on their sentence, be able to work legally, be free from serious continuing cases, warrants, and detainers, and be able to comply with the rules of a community correctional program.
Can I be pre-screened for consideration for PRRS?
PRRS will pre-screen defendants who are awaiting sentencing to determine their eligibility for PRRS. The program conducts these pre-screenings at the request of the Court, the State Attorney's Office, the Defendant's attorney, and Parole and Probation agent.
What actually does the screening (or pre-screening) process entail?
The screening process involves several steps including an application filled out by the candidate, a one-to-one interview process that lasts almost an hour where the PRRS screeners will administer a structured questionnaire, the administration of several nationally-recognized evaluations (instruments) that provide a needs and risk assessment, and a complete review of criminal history records. This information is gathered and discussed at a screening meeting where final recommendations are made to the Division Chief concerning placement. In all cases the sentencing judge must consent to the transfer of individuals to PRRS.
Is there a waiting list of candidates for PRRS?
There is no waiting list for individuals sentenced to the Montgomery County Department of Correction and Rehabilitation.
Will individuals lose their jobs if they come to PRRS?
PRRS will do all it can to allow an individual to continue working with their current employer as long as it meets the program requirements. All jobs must be "legal", involve a supervisor who is not an immediate family member and who agrees to abide by the requirements of the program (all employers are informed about client's status with PRRS and their criminal charges), not be involved in the criminal offense, and provide an ability to locate the individual during the course of the day. PRRS Work Release Coordinators assist clients with their job search and carefully evaluate different job possibilities.
What is Home Confinement?
PRRS provides services to clients both who are living at the pre-release center and who may be living in their own homes in the home confinement program. Clients eligible for consideration for home confinement are carefully selected for this program and must abide by strict requirements that are the same for those living at the Pre-Release Center. All community activities still require pre-approval and clients must submit to three or more randomly assigned alcohol tests administered remotely each day, must come into the center three times weekly for drug testing and case management services, and are monitored electronically.
The Montgomery County Ride-On-Bus System does provide transportation to the facilities during established times. For information about schedules, fares, and routes contact the Montgomery County Transit Services Division (Ride On) at (240) 777-7433.


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Galley Cat
Oreo modeling one of the galleys I received in the mail from Wiley yesterday.
A galley is an uncorrected proof of a book that's sent to people for endorsements and other stuff. I'm not sure what the other stuff is. I'm new to all of this. I'll let you know when I find out.
This particular galley has a first chapter that's probably going to get chopped to hell and a few facts that were a bit off, including one that was about $160 billion off (oops!).


text:
You Thought Your Bread was Stale!
Complete the form below to unlock access to ALL audio articles.
At an archaeological site in northeastern Jordan, researchers have discovered the charred remains of a flatbread baked by hunter-gatherers 14,400 years ago. It is the oldest direct evidence of bread found to date, predating the advent of agriculture by at least 4,000 years. The findings suggest that bread production based on wild cereals may have encouraged hunter-gatherers to cultivate cereals, and thus contributed to the agricultural revolution in the Neolithic period.
A team of researchers from the University of Copenhagen, University College London and University of Cambridge have analysed charred food remains from a 14,400-year-old Natufian hunter-gatherer site – a site known as Shubayqa 1 located in the Black Desert in northeastern Jordan. The results, which are published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, provide the earliest empirical evidence for the production of bread:
"The presence of hundreds of charred food remains in the fireplaces from Shubayqa 1 is an exceptional find, and it has given us the chance to characterize 14,000-year-old food practices. The 24 remains analysed in this study show that wild ancestors of domesticated cereals such as barley, einkorn, and oat had been ground, sieved and kneaded prior to cooking. The remains are very similar to unleavened flatbreads identified at several Neolithic and Roman sites in Europe and Turkey. So we now know that bread-like products were produced long before the development of farming. The next step is to evaluate if the production and consumption of bread influenced the emergence of plant cultivation and domestication at all," said University of Copenhagen archaeobotanist Amaia Arranz Otaegui, who is the first author of the study.
University of Copenhagen archaeologist Tobias Richter, who led the excavations at Shubayqa 1 in Jordan, explained:
"Natufian hunter-gatherers are of particular interest to us because they lived through a transitional period when people became more sedentary and their diet began to change. Flint sickle blades as well as ground stone tools found at Natufian sites in the Levant have long led archaeologists to suspect that people had begun to exploit plants in a different and perhaps more effective way. But the flat bread found at Shubayqa 1 is the earliest evidence of bread making recovered so far, and it shows that baking was invented before we had plant cultivation. So this evidence confirms some of our ideas. Indeed, it may be that the early and extremely time-consuming production of bread based on wild cereals may have been one of the key driving forces behind the later agricultural revolution where wild cereals were cultivated to provide more convenient sources of food."
Charred remains under the microscope
The charred food remains were analysed with electronic microscopy at a University College London lab by PhD candidate Lara Gonzalez Carratero (UCL Institute of Archaeology), who is an expert on prehistoric bread:
"The identification of 'bread' or other cereal-based products in archaeology is not straightforward. There has been a tendency to simplify classification without really testing it against an identification criteria. We have established a new set of criteria to identify flat bread, dough and porridge like products in the archaeological record. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy we identified the microstructures and particles of each charred food remain," said Gonzalez Carratero.
"Bread involves labour intensive processing which includes dehusking, grinding of cereals and kneading and baking. That it was produced before farming methods suggests it was seen as special, and the desire to make more of this special food probably contributed to the decision to begin to cultivate cereals. All of this relies on new methodological developments that allow us to identify the remains of bread from very small charred fragments using high magnification," said Professor Dorian Fuller (UCL Institute of Archaeology).
Research into prehistoric food practices continues
A grant recently awarded to the University of Copenhagen team will ensure that research into food making during the transition to the Neolithic will continue:
"The Danish Council for Independent Research has recently approved further funding for our work, which will allow us to investigate how people consumed different plants and animals in greater detail. Building on our research into early bread, this will in the future give us a better idea why certain ingredients were favoured over others and were eventually selected for cultivation," said Tobias Richter.
This article has been republished from materials provided by the University of Copenhagen. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.
Archaeobotanical evidence reveals the origins of bread 14,400 years ago in northeastern Jordan. Amaia Arranz-Otaegui, Lara Gonzalez Carretero, Monica N. Ramsey, Dorian Q. Fuller, and Tobias Richter. PNAS July 16, 2018. 201801071; published ahead of print July 16, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801071115.


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The nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan launched a new round of naval drills with South Korean warships on Friday, a day after North Korea fired more ballistic missiles and flew warplanes in an escalation of tensions with its rivals.
The Reagan and its battle group returned to the waters near the Korean Peninsula after North Korea earlier this week launched a nuclear-capable missile over Japan in response to the carrier group's earlier training with South Korean navy ships. North Korea views U.S.-South Korean military exercises as a practice to invade the country.
The latest two-day drills, which also involve U.S. and South Korean destroyers and other ships, were taking place in international waters off the peninsula's east coast. The drills are aimed at bolstering the allies' defense capabilities and will involve training to escort the Reagan southeast of South Korea's southern island of Jeju, South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff said in a statement.
"We will continue to strengthen our firm operational capabilities and readiness to respond to any provocations by North Korea," the statement said.
North Korea may react to the new drills with more missile tests. The North's Foreign Ministry said Thursday the carrier group's redeployment poses "a serious threat to the stability of the situation on the Korean Peninsula and in its vicinity."
Later Friday, the top nuclear envoys of South Korea, the United States and Japan had trilateral phone talks and agreed to increase their efforts to block the North's alleged cryptocurrency thefts and other means to finance its nuclear and missile programs. The envoys also decided to solidify an international cooperation to check North Korea's attempts to evade U.N. sanctions such as banned ship-to-ship transfers on the sea, according to South Korea's Foreign Ministry.
North Korea's record pace of weapons testing this year is intended to expand its arsenal so that it can credibly threaten the U.S. mainland and regional allies with nuclear arms, then engage in negotiations with the U.S. from a stronger position as a recognized nuclear state. Its two ballistic missile launches on Thursday were the North's sixth round of weapons firings in less than two weeks.
The intermediate-range North Korean missile tested Tuesday was likely a Hwasong-12 missile which is capable of reaching the U.S. Pacific territory of Guam, observers say. Other missiles launched recently are short-range weapons that target South Korea.
North Korea is ready to conduct its first nuclear test in five years and is preparing to test a new liquid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile and a submarine-launched ballistic missile, Heo Tae-keun, South Korea's deputy minister of national defense policy, told lawmakers earlier this week.
On Friday, Heo had trilateral video calls with his U.S. and Japanese counterparts to discuss North Korea's recent missile tests. They stressed the security cooperation among the three countries would be bolstered if the North continues its provocations, the South Korean Defense Ministry said in a statement.
On Thursday, naval destroyers of the three countries conducted one-day joint drills off the peninsula's east coast to hone their abilities to search, track and intercept North Korean ballistic missiles. Last week, they held anti-submarines exercises involving the Reagan in the area.
North Korea also flew 12 warplanes dozens of miles from the inter-Korean border, prompting the South to scramble 30 military aircraft in response. There were no clashes.
The eight North Korean fighter jets and four bombers were believed to have conducted air-to-surface firing drills, South Korea's military said. Yonhap news agency reported it was likely North Korea's biggest warplane mobilization for such an exercise near the border.
Additional reporting by The Associated Press.


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Qualifies for Club Championship
Dependents are $250 (Must be under 18 Years Old)
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Claremore Golf At Its Finest!
The amenities are nice but the real star of the show at Heritage Hills is the high quality course design. This is an 18-hole public golf course operating under the direction of the Rogers County Public Facilities Authority. The project was conceived in the 1970s as a subdivision of Claremore Junior College, now known as Rogers State University. The layout was designed by Donald Sechrest of Tulsa. It is a challenging golf course that plays up to 6,756 yards with a course rating and slope of 72.7 & 129 respectively. The layout is dominated by a mixture of hilly and flat terrain. There are water hazards on 15 of 18 holes, but not all hazards are in play for most golfers. There are currently 35 sand bunkers and 4 grass bunkers. HHGC has a classic architecture that gives reward to well played golf shots. Misguided shots will often result in deep lies, sidehill terrain, and ample wooded areas. Fairways, tees, and surrounds are sodded with Bermuda, and greens are Penncross Bentgrass.
Finally, don't forget to stop inside the pro shop and say hello. We can't wait to meet you!
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Continuing Professional Growth
- Our culture and environment offer a wide range of professional experiences. You will develop taxation and advisory experience within a wide range of industries. You will be able to work on projects with various clients and partners giving you the opportunity early in your career to develop relationships with clients. This broader experience translates into faster professional development
- We provide a continuous learning environment as well as extensive on the job training. You can receive up to 50 hours annual professional training
- Our team based environment provides all members with the opportunity to participate in the direction and future of the firm (and thus their own career path). Our open door policy provides access to partners and encourages everyone's thoughts and ideas. We encourage excellence and new ideas in all team members, regardless of how long they have been with the firm.
What You Need to Bring to the Firm
Our ability to bring value to our clients ultimately rests on our people.
Here are the qualities we look for:
- Flexibility
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- Technical skills
- Strong communication skills, both written and verbal


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Thursday, April 6, 2017 from 3:00 to 4:00 pm ET – Complimentary Webinar
Universal life (UL) insurance products have undergone drastic changes in the face of low interest rates and new tax rules. Despite the challenges facing UL, these policies continue to provide an attractive life insurance option for many Canadians. In this webinar, learn how UL has changed over the years, and explore strategies for selling UL and helping clients get the most from this dynamic product.
Presented by Jim Virtue, President and CEO at PPI Solutions.
Jim Virtue leads PPI Solutions, one of the insurance marketing organizations operated by PPI. He is also executive vice president at the PPI group of companies. A chartered accountant, Virtue held various senior positions with trust and life insurance companies before becoming an independent life insurance advisor in 1995. He purchased an MGA in 2000, and grew the firm until becoming part of PPI in 2010. Virtue holds his Certified Financial Planner and Chartered Life Underwriter designations. He is a member of the Conference for Advanced Life Underwriters and is the incoming chairman of the Advocis national board. Virtue is also past chairman of The Institute, and former president of Advocis (Calgary).
The webinar has ended. Watch the replay, take the quiz and earn CE credits in CE Place.
(Note: You must log in to CE Place to watch the replay.)
Read: A universal approach
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Just how challenging is backgammon to play? Its a question anyone new to the game will ask. Quite truthfully, the game is not that challenging. The basic rules are fairly simple so that anyone can pick up the game. But playing expertly can be a challenge because a lot of the correct plays can be counter-intuitive.
Placement of ones checkers can be essential to actually winning a game, as leaving yourself open to hits isnt very smart. But moving around the board to your home area can take some thinking and good dice rolls. It may sound contradictory, but in the beginning of a game its must better to leave a checker open to a hit, rather than later. That is because its much easier to get back on the board and through your opponents home board in the beginning when they wont have many checkers there to block you in as later in the game. This can be determined by odd dice http://www.thefreedictionary.com/카지노사이트 rolls early on and help you later in the game to win by getting past your opponent with those individual checkers.
One thing that is a challenge in the game is setting up a five-point in your opponents home board (defensive anchor). This is will keep your opponent from bearing in if you can accomplish it. Another good thing about pulling off this move is making sure your opponent cant block you out if they hit you. This move also takes some luck with the dice to only move your two checkers in your opponents home board to the five-point location however other hit checkers may jump in to help make that anchor too.
On the same note, you will want to get your own five-point filled up to keep your opponent in your home board when you hit them. This wont be as difficult if you have a opening roll of 3 and 1 or if you slot a piece down there and don't get hit on your opponents roll. But trying to do both without losing too many checkers to hits can be hard if the dice are not giving you what you need.
Playing the game will teach you how to win by learning what you can each 온라인카지노 time. Playing against better players will teach you other ways to win. But these tips can make it easier to challenge the next person you play. And possibly make them wonder just how long you have been playing.


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Pelham Saddlery
New & Used Saddles- Dressage saddles, Hunter saddles, Jumper saddles, Event saddles, Close Contact saddles, Endurance saddles, All Purpose saddles-
Pelham Saddlery is a Horse Saddle & Tack Shop located in New Hampshire that has been serving the needs of the English Horse and Rider since 1983.
We stock over 400 New & Consignment Saddles. Whether you ride Dressage, Hunter, Jumper, Event or Endurance, we have the Saddle, Horse Tack, English Horse Tack and Riding Apparel you need. Not sure what you need? Let our friendly, knowledgeable staff assist you!
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This is the 1967 Trident Clipper sport coupe Red in 1:43 scale by Esval Models.
Esval Models is a new company founded by model car enthusiasts who have been collecting models of various vehicles for the past 40 years. As model collectors, they understand the importance of bringing to market quality models that will become and remain valuable collector pieces for years to come
- Models are hand painted, decorated and assembled
- Beautiful detail and accuracy of shape and scale
- Photo etched parts, die-cutting, tampo printing and waterslide decals are also used.
- Each model comes with its own acrylic display case.


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Ruth Fowler has used two Counterpunch columns to criticize Angelina Jolie for writing a New York Times essay to discuss her decision to have a double mastectomy while not recognizing and acknowledging: 1) the economic means she holds to undergo an expensive medical procedure other women can't afford; and 2) that a corporation called Myriad Genetics is generating enormous profits by driving up screening tests for breast cancer. Fowler argues that these contradictions undermine Jolie's credibility to speak for survivors of breast cancer.
We disagree.
First and foremost, all medical patients diagnosed with potentially fatal illnesses deserve to be treated with dignity and respect. Jolie deserves respect as someone who spoke out bravely about the difficult decision to have a double mastectomy rather than risk getting breast cancer. Fowler fails to acknowledge this and uses Jolie's celebrity to try to strip her of her fundamental humanity. The title of her first article, "Angelia Jolie: On Privilege, Tits, and Being Dumb," reduces Jolie to a pair of "tits" in a move not that different from the sensationalist media that routinely objectifies women.
As Sharon Smith noted in her critique of Fowler's original piece, which Counterpunch refused to post, "using boob jokes to introduce an article about undergoing a double mastectomy to prevent a potentially deadly disease constitutes a descent from sexism to misogyny."
Julian Vigo in her response to Smith focuses her critique on the use of the term "tit" defending its use by Fowler and responding with what we expect a typical male undergraduate student to say when first introduced to the notion of women's objectification: "Counterpunch also uses titles with 'dick,' 'penis,' and 'cock' in them."
The problem with these articles in Counterpunch is that they use a left cover to re-cycle sexist tropes while hiding behind class outrage.
Second, Fowler ruthlessly attacks Jolie's apparent ignorance about the sexist machinations of the medical industry without noting that a lack of information under capitalism is fairly common. Information about pharmaceutical companies and the role they play in shaping our health care "choices" are neither easily accessible nor discussed openly in mainstream media. While Jolie surely could have done more "homework" on the health care system before writing her piece, we should acknowledge that Myriad Genetics, and the health care industry, is what denies women access to good health care, not Jolie.
Since Jolie's editorial there has been widespread media coverage of breast cancer as well as preventative measures open to women. Surely, as feminists we should welcome this development. Additionally, the ACLU has taken Myriad to court about their patent monopoly creating an opening to critique the for-profit health care system.
Third, Fowler ridicules Jolie's wealth and celebrity in a mean-spirited effort to discredit her attempts to educate other women about how to preserve personal dignity in the face of medical trauma.
When women negotiate the health industry they face a double jeopardy: the everyday scrutiny of female bodies and sexualities are heightened and pathologized. To this is added the fear and horror of care being solely determined by affordability.
Any attempt to shed light on this difficult process, regardless of the class of the person that it comes from, should be welcomed. When a "celebrity" such as Jolie speaks about double mastectomy not affecting her femininity she is bringing relief to many women who are caught in this trap of gender and class. And because she is a celebrity (who need not have exposed herself to such scrutiny we might add), she created a larger space in the mainstream media to reflect on these issues.
To be sure, Angelina Jolie is not a revolutionary. Nor is she, quite probably, what we could agree is a feminist. What we wish to defend in this statement is less Jolie and her politics, but rather her boldness in coming forward and the opening that has created to discuss this painful issue.
We are disappointed that Counterpunch has run three articles on this question but has refused to spend a second being self-reflexive about the sexism in these articles and their headlines, much less provide a space for those who wish to articulate a different and non-sexist position.
1. Deepa Kumar, Associate Professor, Media Studies, Rutgers University
2. Tithi Bhattacharya, Associate Professor, History, Purdue University
3. Bill Mullen, Professor, English, Purdue University
4. Janet Staiger, Professor Emeritus, Radio-Television-Film and Women's and Gender Studies, University of Texas at Austin
5. Janet Afary, Mellichamp Chair in Global Religion and Modernity, Professor, Religious Studies and Feminist Studies, University of California Santa Barbara
6. Radhika Parameswaran, Professor, School of Journalism, Indiana University
7. Deborah Tudor, Associate Dean, College of Mass Communication and Media Arts, Southern Illinois University
8. Lisa McLaughlin, Ph.D., Department of Media, Journalism and Film and Program in Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Miami University-Ohio
9. Cynthia Carter, Co-editor Feminist Media Studies, Senior Lecturer, Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies, Cardiff University
10. Vicki Mayer, Editor, Television & New Media, Professor, Communication, Tulane University
11. Margot Mifflin, Associate Professor, Lehman College/CUNY Graduate School of Journalism
12. Nirmala Erevelles, Professor, Social and Cultural Studies in Education, University of Alabama
13. Robin R. Means Coleman, Associate Professor, Communication, University of Michigan
14. Radhika Gajjala, Professor, School of Media and Communication and American Culture Studies, Bowling Green State University
15. Helen Scott, Associate Professor, English, University of Vermont
16. Saadia Toor, Associate Professor, Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, College of Staten Island
17. Des Freedman, Reader, Media and Communications, Goldsmiths College, University of London
18. Kavita Krishnan, Secretary, All India Progressive Women's Association, New Delhi, India
19. David McNally, Professor, Political Science, York University
20. Paul Kellogg, Assistant Professor, Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, Athabasca University, Canada
21. Sue Ferguson, Associate Professor, Wilfrid Laurier University, Brantford, Ontario, Canada
22. Dana Cloud, Associate Professor, University of Texas-Austin
23. Pranav Jani, Associate Professor, English, Ohio State University
24. Pam Tracy, Associate Professor, Communication, Longwood University
25. Regina Marchi, Associate Professor, Media Studies, Rutgers University
26. Maurice Stevens, Associate Professor, Department of Comparative Studies, Ohio State University
27. Basuli Deb, Assistant Professor, English and Women's and Gender Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
28. Patrick Jones, Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
29. Patrick L. Gallagher, Associate Professor, Department of Modern and Classical Language Studies, Kent State University
30. Jeff Bale, Assistant Professor, Dept of Teacher Education, Michigan State University
31. Phil Gasper, Philosophy Instructor, Madison College
32. Keith Danner, Lecturer, English, University of California, Irvine
ZNetwork is funded solely through the generosity of its readers.


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View the KidsDoc Symptom Checker from HealthyChildren.org
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An online resource center providing you with additional helpful information.