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Glossary of Magnetic Terms
Here are some magnetic terms that you may hear and want to understand the meaning of.
Air Gap
A low permeability gap in the flux path of a magnetic circuit. Often air, but inclusive of other materials such as paint, aluminum, etc.
Anisotropic Magnet
A magnet having a preferred direction of magnetic orientation, so that the magnetic characteristics are optimum in one preferred direction.
Closed Circuit
This exists when the flux path external to a permanent magnet is confined within high permeability materials that compose the magnet circuit.
Coercive Force, Hc
The demagnetizing force, measured in Oersteds, necessary to reduce observed induction, B, to zero after the magnet has previously been brought to saturation.
Curie Temperature, Tc
The temperature at which the parallel alignment of elementary magnetic moments completely disappears, and the material is no longer able to hold magnetization.
Demagnetization Curve
The second quadrant of the hysteresis loop, generally describing the behavior of magnetic characteristics in actual use. Also known as the B-H Curve.
Eddy Currents
Circulating electrical currents that are induced in electrically conductive elements when exposed to changing magnetic fields, creating an opposing force to the magnetic flux. Eddy currents can be harnessed to perform useful work (such as damping of movement), or may be unwanted consequences of certain designs, which should be accounted for or minimized.
A magnet, consisting of a solenoid with an iron core, which has a magnetic field existing only during the time of current flow through the coil.
Energy Product
Indicates the energy that a magnetic material can supply to an external magnetic circuit when operating at any point on its demagnetization curve. Calculated as Bd x Hd, and measured in Mega Gauss Oersteds, MGOe.
Ferromagnetic Material
A material whose permeability is very much larger than 1 (from 60 to several thousand times 1), and which exhibits hysteresis phenomena.
The condition existing in a medium subjected to a magnetizing force. This quantity is characterized by the fact that an electromotive force is induced in a conductor surrounding the flux at any time the flux changes in magnitude. The cgs unit of flux is the Maxwell.
An instrument that measures the change of flux linkage with a search coil.
Fringing Fields
Leakage flux particularly associated with edge effects in a magnetic circuit.
Lines of magnetic flux per square centimeter, cgs unit of flux density, equivalent to lines per square inch in the English system, and Webers per square meter or Tesla in the SI system.
An instrument that measures the instantaneous value of magnetic induction, B. Its principle of operation is usually based on one of the following: the Hall effect, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), or the rotating coil principle.
Hysteresis Loop
A closed curve obtained for a material by plotting corresponding values of magnetic induction, B, (on the abscissa) against magnetizing force, H, (on the ordinate).
Induction, B
The magnetic flux per unit area of a section normal to the direction of flux. Measured in Gauss, in the cgs system of units.
Intrinsic Coercive Force, Hci
Measured in Oersteds in the cgs system, this is a measure of the material's inherent ability to resist demagnetization. It is the demagnetization force corresponding to zero intrinsic induction in the magnetic material after saturation. Practical consequences of high Hci values are seen in greater temperature stability for a given class of material, and greater stability in dynamic operating conditions.
Intrinsic Induction, Bi
The contribution of the magnetic material to the total magnetic induction, B. It is the vector difference between the magnetic induction in the material and the magnetic induction that would exist in a vacuum under the same field strength, H. This relationship is expressed as: BI = B-H.
Irreversible Loss
Defined as the partial demagnetization of a magnet caused by external fields or other factors. These losses are only recoverable by re-magnetization. Magnets can be stabilized to prevent the variation of performance caused by irreversible losses.
Isotropic Magnet
A magnet material whose magnetic properties are the same in any direction, and which can therefore be magnetized in any direction without loss of magnetic characteristics.
A piece of soft iron that is placed on or between the poles of a magnet, decreasing the reluctance of the air gap and thereby reducing the flux leakage from the magnet.
Knee of the Demagnetization Curve
The point at which the B-H curve ceases to be linear. All magnet materials, even if their second quadrant curves are straight line at room temperature, develop a knee at some temperature. Alnico 5 exhibits a knee at room temperature. If the operating point of a magnet falls below the knee, small changes in H produce large changes in B, and the magnet will not be able to recover its original flux output without re-magnetization.
Leakage Flux
That portion of the magnetic flux that is lost through leakage in the magnetic circuit due to saturation or air-gaps, and is therefore unable to be used.
Length of air-gap, Lg
The length of the path of the central flux line in the air-gap.
Load Line
A line drawn from the origin of the Demagnetization Curve with a slope of -B/H, the intersection of which with the B-H curve represents the operating point of the magnet. Also see Permeance Coefficient.
Magnetic Circuit
An assembly consisting of some or all of the following: permanent magnets, ferromagnetic conduction elements, air gaps, electrical currents.
Magnetic Flux
The total magnetic induction over a given area. When the magnetic induction, B, is uniformly distributed over an area A, Magnetic Flux = BA.
Magnetizing Force, H
The magnetomotive force per unit length at any point in a magnetic circuit. Measured in Oersteds in the cgs system.
Magnetomotive Force, F
Analogous to voltage in electrical circuits, this is the magnetic potential difference between any two points.
Maximum Energy Product, BHmax
The point on the Demagnetization Curve where the product of B and H is a maximum and the required volume of magnet material required to project a given energy into its surroundings is a minimum. Measured in Mega Gauss Oersteds, MGOe.
North Pole
That pole of a magnet which, when freely suspended, would point to the north magnetic pole of the earth. The definition of polarity can be a confusing issue, and it is often best to clarify by using "north seeking pole" instead of "north pole" in specifications.
Oersted, Oe
A cgs unit of measure used to describe magnetizing force. The English system equivalent is Ampere Turns per Inch, and the SI system's is Ampere Turns per Meter.
Orientation Direction
The direction in which an anisotropic magnet should be magnetized in order to achieve optimum magnetic properties. Also known as the "axis", "easy axis", or "angle of inclination".
Paramagnetic Material
A material having a permeability slightly greater than 1.
The inverse of reluctance, analogous to conductance in electrical circuits.
Permeance Coefficient,Pc
Ratio of the magnetic induction, BD, to its self demagnetizing force, HD PC = BD / HD This is also known as the "load line", "slope of the operating line", or operating point of the magnet, and is useful in estimating the flux output of the magnet in various conditions. As a first order approximation, BD / HD = Lm/Lg, where Lm is the length of the magnet, and Lg is the length of an air gap that the magnet is subjected to. PC is therefore a function of the geometry of the magnetic circuit.
Pole Pieces
Ferromagnetic materials placed on magnetic poles used to shape and alter the effect of lines of flux.
Relative Permeability
The ratio of permeability of a medium to that of a vacuum. In the cgs system, the permeability is equal to 1 in a vacuum by definition. The permeability of air is also for all practical purposes equal to 1 in the cgs system.
Reluctance, R
Analogous to resistance in an electrical circuit, reluctance is related to the magnetomotive force, F, and the magnetic flux by the equation R = F/(Magnetic Flux), paralleling Ohm's Law where F is the magnetomotive force (in cgs units).
Remanence, BD
The magnetic induction that remains in a magnetic circuit after the removal of an applied magnetizing force. If there is an air gap in the circuit, the remanence will be less than the residual induction, Br.
Residual Induction, Br:
This is the point at which the hysteresis loop crosses the B axis at zero magnetizing force, and represents the maximum flux output from the given magnet material. By definition, this point occurs at zero air gap, and therefore cannot be seen in practical use of magnet materials
Return Path
Conduction elements in a magnetic circuit which provide a low reluctance path for the magnetic flux.
Reversible Temperature Coefficient
A measure of the reversible changes in flux caused by temperature variations.
The condition under which all elementary magnetic moments have become oriented in one direction. A ferromagnetic material is saturated when an increase in the applied magnetizing force produces no increase in induction. Saturation flux densities for steels are in the range of 16,000 to 20,000 Gauss.
Search Coil
A coil conductor, usually of known area and number of turns that is used with a fluxmeter to measure the change of flux linkage with the coil.
Exposure of a magnet to demagnetizing influences expected to be encountered in use in order to prevent irreversible losses during actual operation. Demagnetizing influences can be caused by high or low temperatures, or by external magnetic fields.
Temperature Coefficient
A factor, which describes the change in a magnetic property with change in temperature. Expressed as percent change per unit of temperature.
The practical unit of magnetic flux. It is the amount of magnetic flux which, when linked at a uniform rate with a single-turn electric circuit during an interval of 1 second, will induce in this circuit an electromotive force of 1 volt.


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The British Library is home to the UK's national collection of radio recordings in its sound archive. They range from 1924 through to the present day and include programming of all kinds, both public service and commercial. The arrival of the internet, and internet radio, has freed creative programme makers from the need for transmission equipment, broadcast schedules and sponsorship, and ushered in an era in which almost every imaginable approach to programme making is now possible.
Although the artistic possibilities of radio were recognised almost as soon as the medium was introduced back in the early 1920s, the full possibilities of art radio and of radio art are even now only being explored by a small number of pioneering stations around the world, of which Touch Radio is one. The range of approaches adopted by these stations can be as diverse as the interests and personalities of the producers themselves. Freed from the concerns of advertisers, charters, sponsors, licenses, departmental policies or house styles, the programme contributors are allowed to be as straightforward or as creatively original as they like.
This collection represents the complete Touch Radio archive to date: around one new programme released monthly since January 2005, each varying in duration from a few minutes to over an hour. The collection will be updated from time to time as new recordings become available.
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and one of the world's greatest research libraries. It provides world class information services to the academic, business, research and scientific communities and offers unparalleled access to the world's largest and most comprehensive research collection. The Library's collection has developed over 250 years and exceeds 150 million separate items representing every age of written civilisation. It includes: books, journals, manuscripts, maps, stamps, music, patents, photographs, newspapers and sound recordings in all written and spoken languages.
Touch Radio on the British Library's Archival Sound Recordings website

subset: commoncrawl


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Dear Amazonians,
This isn't business as usual, and it's a time of great stress and uncertainty. It's also a moment in time when the work we're doing is its most critical.
We've changed our logistics, transportation, supply chain, purchasing, and third party seller processes to prioritize stocking and delivering essential items like household staples, sanitizers, baby formula, and medical supplies. We're providing a vital service to people everywhere, especially to those, like the elderly, who are most vulnerable. People are depending on us.
I'm not alone in being grateful for the work you are doing. I've received hundreds of emails from customers and seen posts on social media thanking you all. Your efforts are being noticed at the highest levels of government, and President Trump earlier this week thanked this team profusely.
Across the world, people are feeling the economic effects of this crisis, and I'm sad to tell you I predict things are going to get worse before they get better. We're hiring for 100,000 new roles and raising wages for our hourly workers who are fulfilling orders and delivering to customers during this period of stress and turmoil. At the same time, other businesses like restaurants and bars are being forced to shut their doors. We hope people who've been laid off will come work with us until they're able to go back to the jobs they had.
Much of the essential work we do cannot be done from home. We've implemented a series of preventative health measures for employees and contractors at our sites around the world — everything from increasing the frequency and intensity of cleaning to adjusting our practices in fulfillment centers to ensure the recommended social distancing guidelines. We are meeting every day, working to identify additional ways to improve on these measures.
We've placed purchase orders for millions of face masks we want to give to our employees and contractors who cannot work from home, but very few of those orders have been filled. Masks remain in short supply globally and are at this point being directed by governments to the highest-need facilities like hospitals and clinics. It's easy to understand why the incredible medical providers serving our communities need to be first in line. When our turn for masks comes, our first priority will be getting them in the hands of our employees and partners working to get essential products to people.
My own time and thinking is now wholly focused on COVID-19 and on how Amazon can best play its role. I want you to know Amazon will continue to do its part, and we won't stop looking for new opportunities to help.
There is no instruction manual for how to feel at a time like this, and I know this causes stress for everyone. My list of worries right now — like yours I'm sure — is long: from my own children, parents, family, friends, to the safety of you, my colleagues, to those who are already very sick, and to the real harm that will be caused by the economic fallout across our communities.
Please take care of yourselves and your loved ones. I know that we're going to get through this, together.


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Articles of Organization filed with the Secretary of State of New York (SSNY) on 07/01/2021.
Office location: Bronx County.
SSNY has been designated as agent of the LLC upon whom process against it may be served. SSNY shall mail process to the LLC to 1026 E.180th Street, Apt. 3F, Bronx, NY 10460.
Purpose: to engage in any lawful act or activity.


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Join Ning Developer Docs
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Job Description
Are you awesome? We have awesome drinks that need serving to our awesome guests. We have Cocktails in cans to Peppermint Tea, Healthy smoothies to craft beer, cask ales to crazy concoctions coupled together with great food, a cool place to hangout, all topped off to the soundtrack selected by your guests via the Secret DJ!? Now if this doesn't tick all the boxes of being a Bar Team Member – I don't know what will. If going the extra mile for someone comes naturally to you, you could be a natural fit with us!
It is strengths like these that we look for in our people. You are comfortable starting a conversation with anyone, answering their questions or meeting their requests, doing that bit extra for them and going the extra mile. It comes naturally to you. For you, making people smile is what makes it all worthwhile. Seeing our customers happy is what makes you happy. When you have made sure everyone has had the best possible time and leaves us with a smile you feel like you have had a great day.
You do not necessarily need any experience but you do need to be able to demonstrate that you are a great team player as well as being able to work unsupervised during busy times and keen to learn.
In return, we can offer you an award winning development programme with access to apprenticeships along with 25% discount on food and drink for you and your entire party in all our pubs and venues. We have an employee benefits scheme which gives you discounts across hundreds of brands and services and a contributory pension scheme.
- Flexible working hours.
- Ability to work in loud environment.
- Ability to mix liquids to create delicious drinks.


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Christmas Tree Farms In Placer County, California
Are you looking for u-pick farms that offer Christmas Trees in Placer County California?
Most farms will offer multiple different types of Christmas Trees and additional Christmas festivities.
Below is a list of farms that we have available in your area where you can pick a Christmas Tree.
Click on the farm page and view their information. Most farm information will include their open seasons as well as types of Christmas Trees they offer.
A map will also be included to help you get directions and see how long of a drive it will be to their farm.
Local Farm Locations
Snowy Peaks Tree Farm
- (530) 367-3766
- 30100 Foresthill Rd Foresthill CA 95631
- View Details
If for some reason the farm is closed, you can always find other Christmas Tree u-pick farms in a nearby county.
Important tip – Always contact the farm before heading out as some farms may close at a moment's notice or may not be providing Christmas trees for the current year.


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Welcome Guest! Would you like to log yourself in?
You are here : Home/
Fashion brand(A-H) /
Balenciaga Iron Ons/
Custom balenciaga logo iron on transfers (Decal Sticker) No.100008
About Us
brandlogos.top wholesales and retails iron on heat transfer stickers for garment decorations. All iron on stickers are printed with high quality eco solvent heat transfer media.
Contact Us
1516 2nd Ave.
Seattle, WA 98101
Our Store
Latest Products
- Copyright © 2024 Brand Logos t-shirt iron on stickers(heat transfers)
- / Contact Us / Privacy / Site Map


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What is aromatherapy?
Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils from plants to improve the mind, body, and spirit. It is used by patients with cancer to improve quality of life and reduce stress, anxiety, pain, nausea, and vomiting caused by cancer and its treatment. Aromatherapy may be used with other complementary treatments like massage therapy and acupuncture, as well as with standard medical treatments, for symptom management.Essential oils are the fragrant (aromatic) part found in many plants, often under the surface of leaves, bark, or peel. The fragrance is released if the plant is crushed or a special steam process is used.
There are many essential oils used in aromatherapy, including those from Roman chamomile, geranium, lavender, tea tree, lemon, ginger, cedarwood, and bergamot. Each plant's essential oil has a different chemical make-up that affects how it smells, how it is absorbed, and how it affects the body.Essential oils are very concentrated. For example, it takes about 220 pounds of lavender flowers to make about 1 pound of essential oil. The aroma of essential oils fades away quickly when left open to air.
How is aromatherapy given or taken?
- Indirect inhalation: The patient breathes in an essential oil by using a room diffuser, which spreads the essential oil through the air, or by placing drops on a tissue or piece of cotton nearby.
- Direct inhalation: The patient breathes in an essential oil by using an individual inhaler made by floating essential oil drops on top of hot water.
- Massage: In aromatherapy massage, one or more essential oils is diluted into a carrier oil and massaged into the skin.
Essential oils may also be mixed with bath salts and lotions or applied to bandages.There are some essential oils used to treat specific conditions. However, the types of essential oils used and the ways they are combined vary, depending on the experience and training of the aromatherapist.In laboratory studies, tumor cells are used to test a substance to find out if it is likely to have any anticancer effects. In animal studies, tests are done to see if a drug, procedure, or treatment is safe and effective in animals. Laboratory and animal studies are done before a substance is tested in people.


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I'm calling the Christmas decorating done for this year. I went a lot simpler and put out less stuff, but I like it. I still have a bit of fluffing to do, moving things around a bit, but thought I'd share a little peek of what is going on around here.
I totally redid the little tree I put in our master bedroom, from whimsical looking with bright colored ornaments, to something neutral and more natural looking. I bought some ornaments from bloggy friends and there's burlap involved, too.
I'm also waiting on a new duvet from Pottery Barn {white} so I can have a nice neutral, Winter look to our bedroom.
I have one other thing I want to add to our kitchen for the counter, which I hope to pick up tomorrow.
I'll share a bit of a Christmas home tour next week, once I'm satisfied with how everything is looking and can get good pictures.
Did I say I kept it simple?


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Council activities:
The Council Activities Service Program promotes fraternalism in our membership. Some suggestions from the Supreme Council include activities such as athletics, blood donor clinics, socials, culture, and public relations. Historically, Fr. Bonner Council's council activities program has included the following:
- Council newsletter — Published 10 times per year, the newsletter provides meeting minutes, reports from the executive, promotion of events, notice of birthdays/anniversaries, and general interest articles. All members are welcome and encouraged to provide material for consideration.
- Council website — The council maintains this website to assist with the dissemination of council information. Services found on the website include the following:
- Council membership roster
- Council executive roster
- Council events/activity calendar
- Newsletter archives
- Council publication archives
- Event photo galleries
- Grand Knight's monthly message
- Related links for the Order, the parish, and the Catholic Church
Members are encouraged to assist the webmaster by providing content or suggestions for content or functional enhancements, and by assisting with website administration. - Charities Appeal — Each year, a state-sponsored Jeep Cherokee raffle (Alberta-wide) involves Knights to sell tickets to family/friends, and in the shopping malls. Proceeds go to various charities including battered women's shelters. This activity has typically been one of Fr. Bonner Council's more successful events, as for 9 years straight, our members sold more tickets than any other council in the jurisdiction of "Alberta – Northwest Territories", some years by more than double. Assistants are required to:
- sell tickets at specific time slots
- assist delivering and returning the demonstration vehicle to/from the malls
- phone committee for finding volunteers
- booking mall times
- assist with bookkeeping (tracking ticket sales)
- collecting ticket books from members
- 1st Degree initiation team — This team works city-wide to introduce new members into the 1st Degree. New team members are required, so that backup is always available in event of schedule conflicts for existing team members.
- 4th Degree representative — This member reports to Council on K of C 4th Degree news, activities, and encourages Major (3rd) Degree members to become 4th Degree members of the Knights.
- Telephone committee — This committee contacts members to inform them of significant events, and to search for volunteers for key events (e.g., Awards Night). Participants on this committee will be given a list of members to contact, with specific details as to the nature of the call, and any subsequent details that are relevant. Typically, phone-outs take place 4–5 times per year, with anticipated effort being 1 to 3 hours per phone-out.
- State curling — The "State Curling Bonspiel" is held in a different location in the province each year. Fr. Bonner Council is typically represented by at least one rink (4 curlers) at this event, and more rinks if the interest is there. The council partially subsidizes the costs, so as to encourage participation. All members are eligible, as long as the event is not full.
- State golf — The annual "State Golf Tournament" is held in a different location in the province each year. Historically, many members of Fr. Bonner Council register as a group and participate. All members are eligible as long as the event is not full.
- Awards Night — The Council Activities Director is responsible for managing the committee for the annual "Awards Night" which happens in June, as a wrap up barbeque for the council, to install the new council officers for the upcoming Columbian year, and to provide recognition to the efforts of the membership at large. Volunteers are required for organizing the event, purchasing and preparing food, providing door prizes, and event cleanup.


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Introduce your business and tell us your story: How did you decide on what to sell, and how did you source your products?
We started out making hand-stamped swing tags for our failed clothing brand. It was only when people started asking us where they could get the stamps that we decided to pivot and start selling custom made stamps. At first we outsourced pretty much everything but now nearly 75% of our products are produced in-house.
How did you earn your first sales? Which channels are now generating the most traffic and sales for you?
We gained our first potential customers from Instagram, however it wasn't until we launched our own website that we began taking real orders. At first sales were very slow and we were both juggling freelance & full-time jobs at the time to help pay for our new life in Hong Kong having just moved from the UK. As sales began to pick up through word of mouth our apartment looked more and more like a warehouse. With the arrival of our first child in December 2015 we were fortunate enough to be taking in enough orders to finally afford to rent our own office space. Stamptitude, Inc. was born. The biggest boost that we had in the beginning was getting our products featured on a prominent design blog. That accounted for about 80% of our initial sales. But after about a month or two the referral traffic died down and the majority of our sales are now through direct traffic (word of mouth) & also Google search.
Tell us about the back-end of your business. What tools and apps do you use to run your store? How do you handle shipping and fulfillment?
As a husband & wife team we manage every aspect of the business ourselves, but we are always on the lookout for useful apps to help us keep on top of things like order fulfilment and shipping. Wunderlist is our most-used app second only to Shopify. Due to the custom-made nature of our products it's crucial for us to be able to keep track of the fulfilment process whilst having the customer's uploaded design file to hand. With Wunderlist we know exactly which items belong to which order and at what stage they are in the fulfilment process. For shipping we use locally-developed aftership.com which automatically pulls up the tracking info for any given shipping handler. Another useful tool is Zopim, which we use to offer live support. This is important because with the difference in time zones it is very difficult for us to take phone calls from our customers so instead we utilize the power of online chat. All shipping and fulfilment us done by us (yes, just the two of us). We make regular trips to the local post office, which often involves pushing a trolly full of IKEA bags through the town's shopping mall... This is perhaps an area in which we could make some improvements as the business continues to grow.
What are your top recommendations for new store owners?
Some friendly but stern advice: Do not start an online business in the hope that "if you build it they will come." This may be somewhat true for brick & mortar stores, but the fact is that in the virtual world it doesn't matter how great your website may look or how much thought and preparation has gone into it, all effort is wasted if there's nobody there to appreciate it! Lay the basic foundations first and then work your way from the bottom. The most crucial step in starting any business which is almost always overlooked is validation. Focus on offering something of value to someone and then worry about how much you're going to charge for it afterwards. One happy customer becomes two and from that two another ten :)


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pthread_getschedparam, pthread_setschedparam - dynamic thread scheduling parameters access (REALTIME THREADS)
[THR TPS] #include <pthread.h>
int pthread_getschedparam(pthread_t thread, int *restrict policy,
struct sched_param *restrict param);
int pthread_setschedparam(pthread_t thread, int policy,
const struct sched_param *param);
The pthread_getschedparam() and pthread_setschedparam() functions shall, respectively, get and set the scheduling policy and parameters of individual threads within a multi-threaded process to be retrieved and set. For SCHED_FIFO and SCHED_RR, the only required member of the sched_param structure is the priority sched_priority. For SCHED_OTHER, the affected scheduling parameters are implementation-defined.
The pthread_getschedparam() function shall retrieve the scheduling policy and scheduling parameters for the thread whose thread ID is given by thread and shall store those values in policy and param, respectively. The priority value returned from pthread_getschedparam() shall be the value specified by the most recent pthread_setschedparam(), pthread_setschedprio(), or pthread_create() call affecting the target thread. It shall not reflect any temporary adjustments to its priority as a result of any priority inheritance or ceiling functions. The pthread_setschedparam() function shall set the scheduling policy and associated scheduling parameters for the thread whose thread ID is given by thread to the policy and associated parameters provided in policy and param, respectively.
The policy parameter may have the value SCHED_OTHER, SCHED_FIFO, or SCHED_RR. The scheduling parameters for the SCHED_OTHER policy are implementation-defined. The SCHED_FIFO and SCHED_RR policies shall have a single scheduling parameter, priority.
[TSP] If _POSIX_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER is defined, then the policy argument may have the value SCHED_SPORADIC, with the exception for the pthread_setschedparam() function that if the scheduling policy was not SCHED_SPORADIC at the time of the call, it is implementation-defined whether the function is supported; in other words, the implementation need not allow the application to dynamically change the scheduling policy to SCHED_SPORADIC. The sporadic server scheduling policy has the associated parameters sched_ss_low_priority, sched_ss_repl_period, sched_ss_init_budget, sched_priority, and sched_ss_max_repl. The specified sched_ss_repl_period shall be greater than or equal to the specified sched_ss_init_budget for the function to succeed; if it is not, then the function shall fail. The value of sched_ss_max_repl shall be within the inclusive range [1, {SS_REPL_MAX}] for the function to succeed; if not, the function shall fail.
If the pthread_setschedparam() function fails, the scheduling parameters shall not be changed for the target thread.
If successful, the pthread_getschedparam() and pthread_setschedparam() functions shall return zero; otherwise, an error number shall be returned to indicate the error.
The pthread_getschedparam() function may fail if:
- The value specified by thread does not refer to an existing thread.
The pthread_setschedparam() function may fail if:
- The value specified by policy or one of the scheduling parameters associated with the scheduling policy policy is invalid.
- An attempt was made to set the policy or scheduling parameters to an unsupported value.
- [TSP] An attempt was made to dynamically change the scheduling policy to SCHED_SPORADIC, and the implementation does not support this change.
- The caller does not have the appropriate permission to set either the scheduling parameters or the scheduling policy of the specified thread.
- The implementation does not allow the application to modify one of the parameters to the value specified.
- The value specified by thread does not refer to a existing thread.
These functions shall not return an error code of [EINTR].
pthread_setschedprio(), sched_getparam(), sched_getscheduler(), the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <pthread.h>, <sched.h>
First released in Issue 5. Included for alignment with the POSIX Threads Extension.
The pthread_getschedparam() and pthread_setschedparam() functions are marked as part of the Threads and Thread Execution Scheduling options.
The [ENOSYS] error condition has been removed as stubs need not be provided if an implementation does not support the Thread Execution Scheduling option.
The Open Group Corrigendum U026/2 is applied, correcting the prototype for the pthread_setschedparam() function so that its second argument is of type int.
The SCHED_SPORADIC scheduling policy is added for alignment with IEEE Std 1003.1d-1999.
The restrict keyword is added to the pthread_getschedparam() prototype for alignment with the ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard.
The Open Group Corrigendum U047/1 is applied.
IEEE PASC Interpretation 1003.1 #96 is applied, noting that priority values can also be set by a call to the pthread_setschedprio() function.


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Buttermilk Powder, Non-Instant,Org
Regular price
Buttermilk Powder, Non-Instant,Org
This is pasteurized, grade A, low heat dry buttermilk. You will find the powder delicious in baked goods and fairly easy to reconstitute.
INGREDIENTS: Organic skim milk, organic buttermilk. (Pasteurized, low heat.)
Nutrition Facts
Serving Size: 3 Tbsp. (34 g)
Servings Per Container: About 66 (5 lb. size)
Servings Per Container: About 27 (33 oz. size)
Servings Per Container: About 13 (16 oz. size)
Nutrient Amount %DV
Calories 130
Calories from Fat 20
Total Fat 2 g 3%
Saturated Fat 1 g 6%
Trans Fat -- g
Cholesterol 25 mg 8%
Sodium 180 mg 7%
Total Carbohydrate 17 g 6%
Sugars 17 g
Protein 12 g
Vitamin C 4%
Calcium 40%
Not a significant source of dietary fiber, vitamin A, and iron.
- Basic Instructions: Mix 2/3 cup powder with enough water to make 1 quart milk, 5 1/3 Tbsp. to make 1 pint, 2 2/3 Tbsp. to make 1 cup. Pour the desired amount of powder into half the water stirring continuously as the rest of the water is added. Continue to stir until well-mixed (about 30 seconds). Or, for better results, use a blender.
- Azure Farm is located in the foothills east of Mt. Hood with a fantastic view of the Cascades and farm land in the valleys below. This is wheat growing country where dry-land farming produces an abundance of soft white wheat and other grains. But what makes our farm different from most other wheat farms is our growing practices. We've been growing organically for over 25 years, and are attempting to go beyond basic "organic" (which only ensures which harmful things have not been used). We try to keep up with organic soil amendments that will actually improve our soil, and consequently improve the food itself.
- Any items with the Azure Farm label which are not grown on Azure Farm, are from farms which we know have been growing organically for many years, doing whatever they can to ensure healthy soil, so the food on your table is also healthy.
- Why go organic? Organic foods are grown without synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or herbicides. Organic foods are not genetically modified. Organic foods are grown in soil that is nurtured, not treated... which means top soil, groundwater, rivers, lakes, streams, watersheds, fish & wildlife, and people are not compromised. Healthy food grows in healthy soil. You can often taste the organic difference!


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Glastonbury Dog Attacks Attorney
We have handled many matters involving dog attacks. Glastonbury has specific laws that protect individuals from injuries caused by dogs. Biting is obviously the most common type of serious injury. Glastonbury law holds an owner or keeper of a dog strictly liable for injuries caused by that dog, even if not from a bite, or if the dog has no history of attacking others, so long as the victim was not trespassing or teasing, tormenting or abusing the dog. Depending on the circumstances of the particular case, we have also pursued these cases on a theory of negligence, especially when the person in control of the dog knows that it is dangerous.
Please do not hesitate to contact us if you would like assistance on a matter of this type and speak with a Glastonbury Dog Attacks Attorney.


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(Paul Joseph Watson) – Dan Bubalo says he was told of deployment by source close to Ft. Hood. Venture capitalist Dan Bubalo claims he was told by a source close to Ft. Hood that US troops have been ordered to deploy to Syria.
Writing for conservative columnist Mychal Massie's website, Bubalo cites a "close and verifiable source" who told him that a friend at Ft. Hood had received news that he was to be sent to Egypt for the next nine months.
"This particular soldier said that while he was not really thrilled about the assignment to Egypt, it was better than the soldiers that remained at the military base BECAUSE THEY HAD JUST RECEIVED THEIR DEPLOYMENT ORDERS TO GO TO SYRIA," writes Bubalo.
Noting that the development was "extremely troubling," Bubalo added that it, "contradicts the posturing and false reassurances and table-pounding of Obama and Kerry."
Bubalo claims the information was "sourced thoroughly," but he received flak from some of the respondents in the comments below his article.
"I'm currently deployed and this article made me laugh," wrote one respondent who claimed to be a Sergeant.
However, another alleged active duty soldier shot back, "It's truth, a few of my fellow soldiers left last week…others are setting up to go this weekend."
Dan Bubalo is a former brokerage firm owner and currently a venture capitalist and financial advisor on mergers and acquisitions. He has appeared as a guest on mainstream networks such as CNBC.
The White House has repeatedly insisted that there will be no "boots on the ground" in Syria, although Secretary of State John Kerry said he didn't want to take the option off the table during testimony at a Senate Foreign Relations Committee last week.
In addition to CIA training of Syrian rebels which is already taking place in Jordan, the Obama administration is considering a new proposal to use the US military to train the opposition militants, despite their close links with terrorist groups like Jabhat al-Nusra.
Read Original: http://www.infowars.com/venture-capitalist-claims-us-troops-have-received-orders-to-deploy-to-syria/
also read:
Joint U.S.-Egypt military exercise (BrightStar) Cancelled due to tensions
Mediterranean missile launches were 'American-Israeli drill'


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Yesterday, Channel NY1 reached out to feature my boyfriend Chris in a special news segment (you can see me sitting next to him in the video)! He's been getting a lot of press for his impressions and comedy. My boyfriend, like me, is an actor, comedian and writer. He also does amazing impressions – and he's been making some serious coin with them. Basically, people looking to do something a little different for a gift, can pay him to prank call people as Christopher Walken, Alec Baldwin, Tony Soprano, any many more characters, all through a website called Fiverr. Naturally, orders for Christopher Walken are always in high demand, and the most popular on Chris's page. 😉
Check it out and get someone you love the perfect birthday gift at www.fiverr.com/jerseyferretti. You can also see Chris' hilarious videos on his youtube channel at www.youtube.com/chrisferretti.
After the interview we took advantage of the beautiful weather and took a couple of quick snapshots in Astoria. I wore my Balenciaga leather jacket, but even that proved too heavy for this Spring, or as I like to say "the early Summer" weather! 🙂 Leave a comment below. Now we are off to get the biggest air conditioner ever to beat this sweltering heat. WOW! It's only March! XOXOXO – Julie 😉
Bag: Alexander Wang Diego (get it in black with rose gold hardware here) Ring: YSL, Jacket: Balenciaga, Boots: Steve Madden, Top: Forever 21, Jeans: J Brand


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- Home to DLR
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Reemployment Assistance Tax
Employer Appeals Process
How the process begins
When you file an appeal, your case is scheduled for a hearing with an administrative law judge from the Reemployment Assistance Appeals office. The hearing is a fact-finding process. The judge listens to each side and makes a decision on the issues in the case. The hearing is formal because legal procedures are used. Hearings are usually conducted via telephone conference call. Each party is asked to call a toll-free telephone number and follow the prompted instructions. Witnesses testify under oath and in the order set by the judge. Each party has the right to ask questions of the witnesses. Documents can be submitted as evidence, and are typically mailed or faxed to the other parties prior to the day of the hearing. The hearings are recorded. Only the record made at the hearing and any exhibits admitted into record will be reviewed if the judge's decision is appealed further. The hearing is important since it is the only chance you have to present the facts of your case.
How you will be notified of the hearing
A Notice of Hearing will be mailed to you at least seven days before the hearing. Carefully read the notice and any papers attached to the notice. The notice tells what the case is about, the laws or rules involved in the case, the time and date of the hearing and where the hearing will be held if it is not a conference call. A notice for a telephone hearing lists the telephone number you must call at the time of your hearing. If you have requested a hearing and then moved, immediately inform the appeals office of your new address.
Postponing or canceling a hearing
If you are unable to participate in the hearing as scheduled, contact the appeals office immediately to request a postponement, preferably at least 24 hours before the hearing. The hearing will be postponed only for good cause. If you have requested a hearing and later decide not to proceed with your hearing, your appeal may be withdrawn at any time before the hearing. You should mail or fax a letter withdrawing your appeal to the appeals office as soon as possible so the other party can be notified that the hearing is canceled.
Hearing date and location
Most hearings (more than 90 percent) are conducted by telephone conference call, but occasionally the circumstances of a case require an in-person hearing. An in-person hearing is usually held at the nearest South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation office. In a telephone hearing, the parties and their witnesses testify over the telephone. If you are using a cellular phone, please make sure it is fully charged and you are in a quiet place with minimal background noise. Everyone is able to hear the witnesses, and the parties can ask the witnesses questions. The hearing is recorded. If you are scheduled for a telephone hearing, pay close attention to the Notice of Hearing and any instructions included for telephone hearings. If you object to a telephone hearing, you must make a written request for an in-person hearing explaining why an in-person hearing is needed in your case.
Legal representation
You have the right to be present and represent yourself at the hearing. Under South Dakota law an attorney or any other authorized representative may represent a claimant. Employers may be represented by an officer or employee of the business or an attorney licensed to practice law in South Dakota. The judge is trained to conduct hearings where one or both parties are not represented. You need to decide whether to have a representative or attorney at the hearing. If you decide to hire an attorney, do it right away and notify the appeals office. Your lawyer will need time to prepare your case before the hearing. If you hire an attorney, it will be at your own expense. You may be eligible for legal assistance through one of the state's legal services programs if your income and resources are limited.
Additional information about obtaining legal representation can be obtained through the South Dakota State Bar Legal Resources.
What happens at the hearing
Although the exact procedure will vary depending on the nature of the case, the basic process goes like this:
The hearing will start at the time shown on the Notice of Hearing. Be sure you appear or call for the hearing on time. If you do not call in or are late for the hearing, your case may be dismissed, or it may be decided based on other available evidence.
At the beginning of the hearing, the judge explains the hearing process, the issues to be decided, and the order of testimony.
The witnesses are sworn.
The parties, in the order specified by the judge, present their cases by testifying, calling other witnesses and presenting documents or other evidence.
After each witness testifies, the opposing party can ask questions of the witness. This is not a time to argue with the witness or make comments about the testimony; it is a chance to question the witness to verify the accuracy of the testimony or obtain information that is helpful to your case. The judge may also ask questions of the parties and their witnesses during the hearing.
After the parties are finished presenting information and asking questions of the witnesses, each party may give a closing statement, and the judge closes the hearing. Normally, no information is accepted into the record after the hearing is closed.
Witnesses and evidence
If you believe the opposing party's testimony will be different from yours, you may want to have witnesses or other evidence to help your case. Talk to potential witnesses before the hearing to find out what they know about your case. You should present witnesses with personal knowledge of the facts. A person who did not observe what happened or whose memory is bad is a poor witness. Use only witnesses you really need. If you have several people who would say the same thing, use the person who can best state the facts. Make sure your witnesses are available to participate at the time set for the hearing. If witnesses who are needed for your case refuse to appear, a subpoena ordering them to appear for the hearing can be issued.
You will receive with the Notice of Hearing documents related to your case. If you have other documents or evidence to prove your case, mail or fax copies to the appeals office promptly after you receive the Notice of Hearing. If you want any of these documents considered by the judge in making a decision, ask the judge to mark the documents as exhibits in your case at the hearing. Parties should cooperate in exchanging information before the hearing. If the other party will not give you documents needed to prove your case, you can have a subpoena issued for the information.
Requests to subpoena witnesses or documents should be made as soon as you receive the Notice of Hearing. You must state why the witness or document is important to your case. In deciding whether to grant or deny the subpoena, the judge will consider if your request is reasonable and if the witnesses or documents are necessary. In your request, you must supply the name and home address of any witness you want subpoenaed and describe the documents you need. Subpoenaed witnesses who appear at a hearing are paid witness fees and mileage for each mile traveled in South Dakota going to and from the place of the hearing. The Department of Labor and Regulation pays the costs for issuing subpoenas and pays the witness fees and mileage after the witness submits a payment voucher.
Tips for presenting your case
Listen to what the judge tells you. If you do not understand, ask questions before the hearing starts. Make sure you understand the issues for the hearing. Explain the facts of your case in a clear and orderly way, and give only the facts that are important. Do not waste time on things that have nothing to do with the issues in the case. Do not repeat yourself. If the judge or the other party asks a question, answer it directly and honestly; do not add extra information. Be prepared to ask your witnesses questions to present his or her testimony to the judge.
Listen to what the other side says. Do not interrupt. You will get your turn to ask questions and respond after the witness finishes testifying. Take notes so you can ask good questions and properly respond to the testimony. You should ask the other side questions only about important matters where the testimony can help your case. It is important that the judge believes you are telling the truth. Getting angry, being rude or arguing with the opposing party, witnesses or the judge will not help your case. Individuals who are disruptive may be expelled from the hearing.
Following the hearing
The final decision will be mailed to the parties as soon as possible after the hearing. The decision will state the important facts of the case, the legal conclusions and reasons for the decision, and an order stating the result of the decision. The decision may disqualify the claimant from receiving reemployment assistance benefits or may allow the claimant benefits that may be chargeable to the employer.
Further appeal rights
If you think the judge's decision is wrong, you can appeal it in one of two ways:
- You can file an appeal of the decision directly to Circuit Court within 30 days after the date of the decision.
- You can file a request for a Department of Labor and Regulation review by mailing an appeal to:
Secretary of Labor and Regulation
South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation
123 W. Missouri Ave.
Pierre, SD 57501
The appeal to the Secretary of Labor and Regulation must be made within 15 days of the date of the decision.
The Secretary's decision may be further appealed to Circuit Court within 30 days of the date of the decision. Decisions of the Circuit Court may be appealed to the South Dakota Supreme Court. If you have any questions about filing an appeal of an administrative decision, consult an attorney.


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Shopping For A CEO's Baby
Julia Kent
(Shopping for a Billionaire, #16)
Publication date: October 27th 2020
Genres: Adult, Comedy, Contemporary, Romance
It's Andrew and Amanda's turn… in duplicate
We're having twins.
Which means my shooters are stronger than my brother's. I win.
Yeah, yeah, everyone can say it's not a competition, but it is.
And we all know it.
Two babies at once means double the fun, and double the misery for my poor wife, Amanda. While I'm growing a Fortune 500 company, she's growing two entire human beings out of nothing but orange cheese snacks and ice cream.
Do you have any idea how hard I've worked during this pregnancy, tracking down orange smoothies for her?
Not to mention being forced to Facetime into a childbirth class on perineal massage, rescuing Chuckles the cat from being shaved bald by my two-year-old niece, and fighting with a wife who has named the twins Lefty and Righty.
By the time we hit the ninth month, my entire world revolves around pleasing — and protecting — her.
Even if it means humiliating myself in the name of love.
Wait a minute. Wait a minute, now.
Hold on.
Is she the one who's winning?
Andrew and Amanda are BACK in the newest New York Times bestselling Shopping series book as they "beat" Declan and Shannon in the baby competition, but at what cost? As their future awaits them in the form of twins, Amanda and Andrew face ghosts from the past with wit, humor, and most of all — plenty of love.
Goodreads / Amazon / Barnes & Noble / iBooks / Kobo / Google Play
I look at my phone. Andrew.
I'll be home for dinner. What do you want?
For the last few weeks, we've ordered takeout every single night, because I never know what my stomach will or won't be able to handle. I close my eyes and ask myself what I want, and reply:
Grilled salmon with paprika. Cantaloupe. Sautéed carrots in honey and cumin.
He texts back: I see you're sticking with the orange theme.
I send an emoji of someone an orange sticking out its tongue.
Will do, he replies. I'll have Consuela make it and bring it home after the gym.
Then I get a heart.
Consuela owns a private restaurant in the Seaport District, the kind that you can't know about unless you know someone who knows someone. It's our special place, and since morning sickness has ravaged me, Consuela's been gracious enough to meet my weirdo dietary needs.
She also takes it as a challenge. My palate has expanded considerably as a result of her driving mission to find new orange foods.
I reply with: You mean you'll have Gina contact Consuela to do it all, and have Gerald pick it up and bring it to the house.
Same thing, he texts back.
"I love how you smile when you think about Andrew," Mom says, making me look up from my phone.
"You two are so in love."
My smile broadens. "We are."
She looks at my belly. "Those babies are very, very fortunate."
"Billionaire's kids," I mutter.
"No. You could be penniless and they'd be so, so blessed. You and Andrew are going to be wonderful parents."
"How do you know?"
Tenderness floods her face as she reaches for me. I stand and bend before her, her hand on my shoulder, eyes shining with something close to tears.
Author Bio:
New York Times and USA Today Bestselling Author Julia Kent writes romantic comedy with an edge. From billionaires to BBWs to new adult rock stars, Julia finds a sensual, goofy joy in every contemporary romance she writes. Unlike Shannon from Shopping for a Billionaire, she did not meet her husband after dropping her phone in a men's room toilet (and he isn't a billionaire). She lives in New England with her husband and three sons in a household where the toilet seat is never, ever, down.
Website / Goodreads / Facebook / Twitter / Instagram / Newsletter / Bookbub / Amazon
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No, not points for plumbing and badges for bidets, but a series of 10 talks in the very english town of Bath. They're ostensibly on gamification, but the remit is really the impact of games on a wide variety of fields. I'm presenting session four and so far we've already had talks on serious games, ARGs for education and tomorrow (Fri 21st) there will be a talk on Gamification, Innovation, Transformation by the organiser, and innovation specialist, Anja-Karina Pahl.
Next week I'm presenting (28th October) on Gamification, Design and Beyond. I'll be using some of the definition work that has already been carried out via our CHI and Mindtrek papers, as well as discussing the general trend in the ludification of culture; the ludic turn. Some colleagues from the Play Research Group at UWE will be presenting over the next few weeks.
The event is free, but they would like you to register for it if you're coming along. Drinks during and dinner afterwards.


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Because the notion of rabbits as indoor companions is still relatively new, many adopters are first-time house-rabbit people. Not surprisingly, most prefer to start with just one rabbit. If all goes well, they will find themselves thinking of adopting a second rabbit. Our experience as fosterers is that the vast majority of rabbits crave the companionship of at least one of their own kind. We offer the following to help you decide whether a multi-rabbit household is right for you.
The two most important factors in introductions are reproductive status and territory. Two unaltered rabbits, in any combination, are likely to either fight or breed, or both. "Nature" programs on t.v. always describe the territorial habits of wild animals. It is easy to forget that as primates, we humans are also part of the animal world. Do you have a lock on your door? a fence around your yard? a "vanity plate" on your car? How would you feel if one evening, sitting by the fire rereading [rabbit.org articles], your rabbit hopped into the room with a strange human in tow? Would you immediately welcome this person as a permanent member of your family, or would you call 911?
Let's try introducing that strange new human again. You attend a seminar on rabbit behavior at the SPCA. The room is full of people who share your interests. At the break, you find yourself chatting with an extremely pleasant human. You exchange phone numbers and agree to meet for coffee later in the week. Sound more promising this way?
The difference between a public meeting room and your den is that the former is neutral territory. For your rabbit, neutral territory means anywhere she has never spent time. Ideally this space is also small (about six feet square), with an easily cleaned floor and no underneath or behind spaces accessible to rabbits but not humans. If your rabbit inhabits every nook and cranny of your home, use your car as neutral territory. Better still, find a sympathetic friend and hold the get-acquainted sessions there. You should also have a cage or some kind of contained, private space for each rabbit. To avoid the expense of an extra cage, try to borrow one. Your local shelter or rescue group may have a spare. The larger travel kennels (for medium to large dogs) may be used. A small bathroom or a hallway barricaded with baby-gates can serve as either a neutral territory or a second area for the newcomer.
Equip yourself with a water sprayer, a large quantity of patience and calmness, and if at all possible the help of an experienced rabbit-person, on the scene or at least available for phone consults. Your local shelter may have a rabbit-person who can help, or be able to put you in touch with a rabbit educator.
Who: Many people assume that in choosing a companion for their rabbit, they should look for one who is similar in size or breed. The rabbits tell us otherwise. Matches between dwarf- and jumbo-size rabbits are quite common. Don't be surprised if the feisty little one dominates her easygoing big friend.
Like territory, hormones elevate the tension level between rabbits. Even when you eliminate every possible source of hostility, you are still likely to see some aggressive behavior during the introduction. By introducing altered rabbits in neutral territory, you are taking two giant steps toward your goal. Territorial marking is greatly reduced when both rabbits are fixed. False pregnanciesÃstressful for all partiesÃare less likely. And the possibility of a real pregnancyÃand the resulting increase in the number of rabbits killed in sheltersÃis avoided.
When we first began matching rabbits, conventional wisdom held that males, even if neutered, cannot live together. We have cared for a great many male pairs, as well as larger groups with multiple males, and found that males can form close friendships. Adopt a compatible spayed female for your male if possible; but if you find yourself with two males, don't despair.
Age plays a minor role in determining compatibility. Don't assume that your 2-year-old female will feel maternal toward a baby (under 3 months old). Adults generally prefer other adults or teenagers, and baby bunnies do best with another youngster.
Temperament refers to your rabbit's sense of herself in relation to others, and specifically to other rabbits. She may be bossy and confident, bossy and insecure, timid, mellow, asocial, anti-social, terrified, or some combination of these traits. A common experience for fosterers is a stunned, embarrassed human who has brought his rabbit to meet potential companions. "But she's such a sweetheart with us!" he cries in dismay as Ms. Creampuff grabs another mouthful of fur from her new "friend."
Where: The best place to find a rabbit is your local animal shelter or rescue group. Many of these will allow you to bring your rabbit with you, so she can meet several prospective pals on neutral territory.
At last, you're ready. You've set up the basicsÃone cage/area per rabbit, one small, easy-to-clean, accessible neutral territory, a plant-sprayer filled with water. You pack your bunny into her carrier, and the two of you head for the foster home or shelter.
The rabbits are taken from their carriers at the same time. They spend the first five minutes investigating the room, ignoring each other. Tuffy, an outgoing, charmingly obnoxious, recently spayed teenage girl, charges after Sweetpea, a sensitive neutered adult male. Sweetpea runs away. Tuffy catches up with Sweetpea, mounts him, and doesn't let him move. Sweetpea stays where he is, eyes bulging, pulse racing. This bodes well. A rough translation of their conversation: Tuffy says, "I'm the biggest baddest bun in the universe." Sweetpea replies, "Yes o great one, and I am but a speck of dust in the cosmic eye." Tuffy: "Well, as long as we're clear on that." "Absolutely. Unquestionably. Crystal clear," whispers Sweetpea. Although there's been a lot of commotion and some fur flying, these two share a common view of their respective positions in the Great Scheme of Things.
After about 20 minutes, Tuffy and Sweetpea are returned to their respective havens. These temporary quarters can be set up in a variety of ways, depending on your living space. If you have two cages, put them next to each other, so the rabbits become accustomed to each other's sight, scent, and presence. Repeat the 20-minute sessions daily. Tuffy will continue to assert her supremacy through such actions as chasing, mounting, biting, and lunging. Injuries requiring medical attention may occur. One of the most difficult aspects for the attending humans is knowing when and how to intervene. Intervention is a judgment call on your part. It's often difficult to separate our emotional responses from our more objective reading of the situation, especially if your resident rabbit is the one being pushed around. If you feel Tuffy is becoming dangerously aggressive, you have several options. Distract the rabbits by making a commotion. Stamp your feet, shout, drop a trash-can lid on the floor. The startled rabbits will run for cover. Use a plant sprayer to spray one or both rabbits in the face. Not only will they stop fighting, but also they will take a face-washing break. There's no law requiring neutral-territory sessions to be exactly 20 minutes. Play it by ear.
Some rabbits respond well to human involvement. They may calm down if you stroke them. Some rabbits have a "lick response" to being groomed or scratched on the back and can be tricked into grooming the other rabbit. Usually within a few days or weeks, you will see signs of friendship. The most easily recognizable of these is grooming. When you see this, it's time to try placing the rabbits in non-neutral territory. The introductory phase may need to be repeated in this home territory.
In Instant-Hostility encounters, the initial investigation of the room is either absent or brief. Within a few minutes, the two are engaged in serious combat. They both grab hold of the other with their teeth and then kick the belly with their strong back legs. Neither backs down. Both want to be top bunny. By the time they work out their positions, one or both may be seriously injured. However, as our feature story demonstrates, difficult introductions can lead to harmony. The steps required are also described in detail by HRS Education Director, Margo DeMello in HRJ vol. 2, #5.
Love at First Sight is unmistakable. These soulmates greet each other as old friends, grooming and snuggling and may kick up their heels in a joyful dance. A slight variation occurs when one rabbit experiences love at first sight, and the other tolerates affection. In time their feelings will be mutual, but the initial encounter may be somewhat muted.
©Copyright Amy Espie. All Rights Reserved. Republished with the permission of the author.
Two Rabbits: A Perfect Match or Double Trouble? was originally published as "When a Bunny Meets a Bunny" in House Rabbit Journal Volume III, Number 4.


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File upload size
Probably the most frequently asked question in the Moodle.org Using Moodle forums is "How do I increase the upload file size limit?" The changes that need be made are the same in all versions of Moodle, just in different OS' they need be made in different places. Upload file sizes are restricted in a number of ways and each one in this list restricts the following ones:
Server level Moodle site level Course level Activity level
This is a contentious issue, mainly because you might think that it should be set inside the Moodle. Unfortunately, this is not so, these are environment issues that need to be set in the server and PHP folders, Moodle cannot work outside itself.
Physical access to Server
These instructions assume you have full physical and administrative access to your server. If you are using a hosted server then you will probably need to look into other ways to increase your file upload size.
There are positives and negatives to both methods below. If you modify the php.ini file then the changes will effect all php applications on your server. Since PHP5 you can only have one php.ini file on your server. The php.ini method will work with all web servers though. The .htaccess method will only effect the folder and all subfolders that it is placed in, but you must have certain settings enabled in Apache.
Restricting the File size - how it works
The Host may set a limit on the maximum file upload size in the Server environment, which you may override if the Host allows you to. PHP has a setting that it uses to limit the size of the file that it handles in upload. The Host has set that figure in the php.ini based on their particular perceptions and their clientele need. This size appears in Moodle in the Administration > Security > Site Policies > Maximum uploaded file size drop-down combo box. You can change this at any time to suit your site need. In the Course Settings page, there is also a further restriction that can be made. At no time can the Course setting over-ride the Site setting, nor can the Site setting over-ride the php.ini setting, which cannot over-ride the Server setting. The only exception to this rule is that you can manipulate both the Server and the PHP settings, and how to do that is described below.
Modifying the php.ini file
These instructions show you how to change the file upload size by editing your php.ini file.
Ubuntu Linux Instructions
These instructions assume that you have installed the standard Moodle package, PHP 5 and Apache 2 via apt-get and left it all as a default install. If you have compiled yourself I presume that you will know where your php.ini files are!
You need to edit the following three settings in your php.ini file located at: /etc/php5/apache2/
- Type "sudo nano /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini"
- Press Ctrl and W and type "post_max_size"
- Change the value to the number of Mb you want your site to accept as uploads
- Press Ctrl and W and type "upload_max_filesize"
- Change the value to the number of Mb you want your site to accept as uploads
- Press Ctrl and W and type "max_execution_time"
- Change the value to 600
- Press Ctrl and O
- Press Ctrl and X
- Type sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
Your new file size limit should now appear in Administration > Security > Site Policies > Maximum uploaded file size
XAMPP on Mac Instructions
These are instructions for how to do this for Moodle on a Mac using the XAMPP sample download package available. (This is not for a OS X production server.)
- Close down Apache and MySQL if they are running via the XAMPP Control app and close the XAMPP Control app
- Open Finder and go to Applications
- Navigate down and open the folder XAMPP / xamppfiles / etc
- Open the file php.ini with TextEdit (or another plain text editor)
- Search for the post_max_size setting and up this from 128M (the default) to more; 500M is the maximum
- Do the same for upload_max_filesize (make the numbers the same)
- Search for the max execution_time setting and up this to 300 (or more if you get timeouts on uploads)
- Save the php.ini file
- restart Apache and MySQL as usual
Note: You may get a "permission denied" error when saving the php.ini file unless you are logged in with admin access to your Mac. To work around this, you can set the /etc directory in which the php.ini file is located to be writable temporarily. For how to do that, see here or here.
Windows XP and Server 2003 Instructions
These instructions presume that you have downloaded the latest PHP 5.3.x Windows zip package and extracted it to C:\PHP. If you have installed PHP to another location then change all references to "C:\PHP" to the location you installed PHP too.
Download and install any text editor that can save the file in a UTF-8 format, Crimson Editor is one such, NotePad++ is another, use that instead of either Wordpad or Notepad! The issue is that WordPad or Notepad will include hidden characters that may not be compatible with the requirements of PHP. |
- Open C:\PHP
- Right Click the php.ini file in this folder and choose "Open with..." selecting your editor of choice.
- Press Ctrl + F and type "post_max_size" (click Find...", where needed)
- Change the value to the number of Mb you want your site to accept as uploads
- Press Ctrl + F and type "upload_max_filesize" (click Find...", where needed)
- Change the value to the number of Mb you want your site to accept as uploads
- Press Ctrl + F and type "max_execution_time" (click Find...", where needed)
- Change the value to 600
- Press Ctrl and S or the save button.
- Exit your editor.
- Restart your webserver to reload PHP with the edited changes.
- For IIS
- Open the Start Menu on your server and select "Run"
- Type "iisreset /RESTART"
- For Apache 2 and Windows XP
- Go to Start > All Programs > Apache > Restart
- For Apache 2 and Windows Server
- The following command will work as long as you have installed Apache 2 as a service on your Windows Server
- Open your Start Menu on your server and select "Run"
- Type "httpd -k restart"
Your new file size limit should now appear in Administration > Security > Site Policies > Maximum uploaded file size
NOTE: These instructions also cover the Xampp Windows installer. Just replace C:\PHP with C:\Moodle\server\php and to restart your Moodle with a normal stop-start.
Modifying the apache config file
Ubuntu Linux Instructions
You may also need to edit the config.php file in the moodle directory:
- Type "gksudo nautilus" to get root permissions
- Navigate to /etc/moodle
- Open apache.conf
- Go to the "<IfModule mod_php5.c>" section
- Change "php_value upload_max_filesize = 2M" to a higher value
- Change "php_value post_max_size = 2M" to a higher value
- Go to the "<IfModule mod_php4.c>" section
- Change "php_value upload_max_filesize = 2M" to a higher value
- Change "php_value post_max_size = 2M" to a higher value
- Save file
- Type sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
Modifying the .htaccess file
The following instructions will only work on an Apache web server, and also the Apache server must have Overrides allowed. Traditionally, you could only use .htaccess files when PHP was run as a module of Apache, but with Apache 2.2, this appears to no longer be the case. You can now use the .htaccess file in either module or cgi forms. As well, allowing the use of .htaccess files will cause a performance hit on the server, not a desirable outcome either - so check with your Host.
The .htaccess file is a distributed configuration file, that is, it can be used on a per-folder basis to configure each user's folder and sub-folders. You cannot alter the "AllowOverrides" directive in the Apache configuration file with a .htaccess file, only the Host can set that manually. Usually the Host will place a .htaccess file into your site Root if they do allow you to override the server settings. You can edit it the same as below, and the overrides you set will work. Alternatively, you may create your own .htaccess file in your text editor. It may also be called something else, like .config. If you have any file that starts with a ., you might want to open it in your text editor, just out of curiosity.
Create a file called .htaccess in Moodle's main directory (where 'index.php' is located, not the 'moodledata' directory) that contains the following information:
php_value upload_max_filesize 20971520 php_value post_max_size 20971520 php_value max_execution_time 600
20971520 is the integer value for 20Mb. You can use the following site to convert MegaBytes to Bytes.
For a more complete description of how to edit the .htacess file, look at this page, Apache Tutorial: .htaccess files
Modifying the IIS 7.0/7.5 configuration (Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2)
First increase activity and request time outs (allows large files to succeed on slow connections)
FastCGI Settings > Edit (Right-click on PHP application) Set Process Model > Activity Timeout to '3600' (one hour) Set Process Model > Request Timeout to '3600' (one hour)
Next set 'Maximum allowed content length'
Request Filtering > Edit Feature Settings: Set 'Maximum allowed content length' to your desired file size (in bytes) e.g. '536870912' for 512MB (default is approximately 28.6MB)
Hosted Server
Things can be a little different with a hosted server for uploaded and downloaded file size. You are probably going to to be told to create or change a .htaccess file, or to modify a php.ini file.
.htaccess with hosted server
The one purpose of an .htaccess file is to override the the current limitations of both the server and the php.ini file. Your hosted server should inform you where that file needs be placed in your Moodle, but generally in the root is sufficient. They may already have a standard file you can use, if so, use it - but perhaps not.
To the .htaccess file add the lines:
php_value upload_max_filesize 128M php_value post_max_size 128M
This will limit uploads to 128MB, but you can make it any size you agree with your provider. The wording may vary slightly, according to the demands of the server.
php.ini with hosted server
Some servers will not allow you to change the moodle root .htaccess file and tell you to use a php.ini file for php directives. Here you can use the instruction located in the section above called Modifying the php.ini file.
Find the php.ini file in your moodle subfolder on your hosted server. You might want to copy the file as a backup just in case. Edit php.ini, find "upload_max_filesize" and post_max_size in the code. After the = change the number. Here the max filesize is 20 megabytes.
upload_max_filesize = 20M post_max_size = 20M
See Also
- Administration FAQ Doc page
- Site Policies Doc page
- Using Moodle Detailed instructions to increase the maximum allowed size for uploaded files forum discussion
- Using Moodle Instructions to increase maximum allowed size on hosted servers forum discussion
- Using Moodle Help on changing the maximum upload size when installing Moodle via apt-get forum discussion


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There are many advantages to manufactured home living… a few might surprise you!
Cost Effective:
Did you know that construction costs per square foot averages 10 to 35 percent less than a comparable site-built home?
The construction process of building a manufactured home is controlled; therefore, weather does not interfere with construction and is better protected from weather-related damage. Are you wondering how the cost of manufactured homes is substantially lower than site-built homes? All interior finishes and appliances are purchased in bulk by manufacturers, which offer you additional savings.
You can select from an array of floor plans from basic to elaborate, with fully-equipped kitchens, walk-in closets, whirlpool tubs, bay windows and more. Additionally, many of our communities offer swimming pools, basketball courts, club houses with kitchens, shuffle board courts, BBQ pits and more.
The building materials used in site-built homes are the same as those of manufactured homes, which means they are engineered for wind safety (properly installed manufactured homes can withstand 120 to 130 mph wind gusts) and energy efficiency. Federal law requires manufactured homes to have smoke detectors, escape windows and non-combustible materials around furnaces, water heaters and kitchen ranges.
So, what are you waiting for?


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Mario de Sabato Visions, Mario de Sabato was born is France in 1933. As with many others, his abilities showed early in life (by age 7) and by the 1960's, he was established as a "future consultant". Throughout the 70's, de Sabato gained reputation for prophetic and accurate predictions and was regularly consulted by both laymen and world leaders alike. de Sabato was known to be a very passionate and religiously devoted man. His prophecies have never been published in English, so it is not surprising that the majority of the English speaking world has not heard much about this man and his proven work.
The Cuba affair of 1962, much of the activity in Europe and the Middle East in the 70's, the assassinations of both John and Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King and the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union are a few of his successful predictions. Forwarding to the 90's and beyond, de Sabato offers these glimpses of the future. He saw 1996 as the end of a particularly dangerous period of international tension, with a near nuclear encounter in Korea.
1998 seems to mark the beginning of a Chinese invasion of Europe. This beginning, he sees as unarmed (mass emigration or economic "takeover'?) and in full force by 2000. For that same period (2000), he also predicts an armed Chinese attack of Russia. For 1999, de Sabato sees the harnessing of a new type of electro-magnetic energy and major earthquakes damaging (specifically) nuclear power stations.
Armageddon or a Second Coming ?
De Sabato seems in full agreement with Edgar Cayce and Jeane Dixon (another 20th century seer) that the "messiah" is here and will be revealed in 1999. All three speak of a massive increase in individual psychic experiences, an awakening to the true power of our holy spirit, our psychic selves And most of the prophets allude to this time as being the end of the world as we know it.
Mario de Sabato Visions
Are we approaching the biblical second coming ?
Whether in flesh or as through a mass spiritual awakening, most of the prophets seem to agree that, in fact, we are. For de Sabato, the "window of great change" that he saw open in 1993, closes in 2021. Through great upheaval, he sees us (as a collective) beginning a new age of peace. According to him, we (as a collective) seem to figure a few things out. There seems a new respect for the value of all life (which really may be the point of all of this upheaval) and new understanding of the true human condition. It seems to me that although many see the change times as quite dark and destructive, they all hold tremendous hope for the future of humankind.
The purpose of the prophets and their prophecy is to alert us all to the potential consequences of our collective actions – giving us some time to change. These folks (and many others) use their field of vision to warn us and to tell us that we do have the will and the power to change our world and our future.
Source : Globalpsychics
Mario de Sabato Visions – Mario de Sabato Visions – Mario de Sabato Visions – Mario de Sabato Visions – Mario de Sabato Visions


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All of our rings can be re-sized. If you do not see the size that you need, please contact us on email@example.com. For more information on sizing, see our 'Care, Stones & Sizing' section.
Please be aware that many of our products are made to order. Feel free to contact us to check stock levels on firstname.lastname@example.com. Please allow 6-8 weeks for delivery.
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Everyone has heard the phrase "good fences make good neighbors," and yet this office receives at least a couple of calls a week about repairing a fence, trimming overgrown trees, or resolving a dispute involving damage that either has occured or is about to occur due to landscaping. This article will briefly set forth the law regarding fences and trees. If you need additional assistance, or have a specific question, would be happy to provide experienced legal guidance to help you resolve your specific matter.
California Civil Code § 841 requires adjacent landowners equally contribute to maintain walls and fences between them, unless one of the two landowners chooses to let the remaining sides of his property remain unfenced. If that landowner later fences in his property, however, he will then be responsible for payment of his proportional share of the original value of the fence.
So what do you do if your neighbor doesn't want to maintain a fence that is falling down? First try to reason with the neighbor. Good neighbors will agree on splitting the cost of the repair, especially if informed that they have a legal obligation to do so. If that fails send your neighbor a demand letter setting forth his legal obligation and the cost of the fence and attach a copy of an estimate you have acquired. If your neighbor still refuses to pay his proportional share, either contact an attorney or proceed to pay for the fence yourself and consider filing a claim in small claims court.
The high winds this past fall caused many tree limbs to fall and in some cases pulled entire trees out of the ground. The fear of a tree falling on your home and the nuisance created by overgrown trees and shrubbery, root systems attacking your water pipes, and fence damage often lead homeowners to seek out legal advice and potential remedies. The remainder of this article sets forth the general rules regarding your neighbors landscaping and trees.
First, Who Owns The Tree.
Pursuant to California Civil Code Section 833, if the trunk of a tree stands wholly on the land of one landowner, that landowner owns the tree regardless of whether its roots, foliage, or branches have grown onto the land of another. However, if the trunk of a tree stands partly on the land of two adjoining landowner, then both landowners own the tree. (Civil Code Section 834).
What To Do or Not To Do About Overgrown Limbs.
Generally, the law considers shrubbery, foliage and branches that encroach onto the land of another a nuisance. The owner of the land encroached upon may abate the nuisance by trimming the overhanging foliage, branches and limbs so long as the owner acts reasonably so as not to seriously injure or kill the tree causing the nuisance. If a landowner cuts foliage that is not encroaching onto his property and does not have the permission of the tree's owner to trim, however, the person cutting the foliage may be liable to the adjoining landowner for up to triple the amount of the damage caused by the wrongful cutting. However, if the damage is accidental or based on a mistaken belief, damages may be limited in the court's discretion to double the value of the wrongful cutting. (Civil Code Section 3346).
In Metropolitan Water District v. Campus Crusade for Christ (2005), the California Court of Appeal ruled that the amount of damages to be awarded to a landowner whose trees were destroyed was the diminution in value of the property caused by the tree trimming, not the replacement cost of the trees. This case, however, is presently pending appeal before the California Supreme Court.
Tree Roots and Damage To My Pipes.
Although adjoining landowners have almost an unfettered right to trim encroaching limbs, branches and foliage, that is not the case with tree roots. If roots encroach under adjacent property, you can sever the roots but only if the roots are in fact causing damage and then only if done reasonably (which may mean by a professional). If the tree roots of an adjoining landowner do in fact cause damage and the encroached upon landowner acts reasonably to sever the roots causing damage, the owner of the encroaching tree is liable for the actual out-of-pocket expenses incurred as a direct result of his tree's encroaching roots.
However, If the adjoining landowner negligently severs tree roots and in turn seriously injures, or kills, a tree the owner of the tree may sue. In Booska v. Patel, 24 Cal. App. 4th 1786 (1994), the plaintiff claimed his neighbor negligently cut the roots of his tree which in turn necessitated the tree's removal. The neighbor claimed he had an "absolute right" to cut the tree roots any way he wanted (in this case 3 feet deep) because they were uprooting his driveway. The Appellate Court disagreed and held that a homeowner's right to manage his own land must be "tempered by his duty to act reasonably."
Landowners should also note that the mere encroachment of tree roots onto your property does not give you the unfettered right to trim. To have the legal right to sever roots, the roots must be causing actual damage.
Who is Liable for Falling Trees?
Sometimes it's the owner of the tree and sometimes it's the adjacent landowner. Landowners have a duty to inspect their trees to determine if a tree is healthy or hazardous, and to remove branches and even an entire tree if it poses a hazard. If the tree owner was negligent or careless in that he failed to maintain his tree after warnings or visual signs of problems, then the tree owner is responsible for resulting damage. If the tree was well maintained and a storm or earthquake causes a tree to fall, then the courts will find the damage was from an act of God and the tree owner will not be held responsible, or liable, for the resultant damage.
Spite Fences.
In California, Civil Code Section 841.4 governs what has commonly become known as spite fences. Pursuant to Civil Code Section 841.4, a "fence or other structure in the nature of a fence unnecessarily exceeding 10 feet in height maliciously erected or maintained for the purpose of annoying the owner or occupant of adjoining property is a private nuisance." Pursuant to California law, trees and hedges planted in a row to form a barrier may be deemed a fence. See, Wilson v. Handley, 97 Cal.App.3d 1301 (2002), where the Appellate Court ruled that a row of trees planted in the nature of a fence along the property line does constitute a "structure" under California Civil Code Section 841.4, could be deemed a spite fence and hence illegal.
If an adjoining landowner erects such a fence, the injured neighbor can sue for an injunction, reduction of the height, or removal of the fence.
Leaves, Fallen Fruit and Sap.
Another area of contention is tree debris: leaves, fallen fruit, and sap. Generally, the natural growth of trees includes shade, invading roots, and leaves that blow in the wind and as such while a neighbor may have a limited right as discussed above to "reasonably" trim encroaching branches and foliage, the neighbor does not have the right to insist that the owner of the tree take responsibility for the natural growth and resulting debris of his tree so long as his tree is reasonably maintained.
My Neighbor Cut Down My Tree - Damages.
Chopping down, or killing, your neighbor's tree, even unintentionally, can lead to both criminal and civil damages. Pursuant to California Penal Code sections 384a and 622, it is a criminal offense to harm or remove a tree on someone else's land punishable by a fine of up to $1,000 and up to six months in jail. In addition, California Civil Code section 3346 and California Code of Civil Procedure section 733 provide that the injured tree owner is entitled to a mandatory doubling (with certain exceptions), and at the discretion of the judge treble damages, for wrongful injury to trees or vegetation. In other words, if your neighbor even mistakenly cuts down your trees thinking the trees were on his or her property, the judge is required to award double the actual damages. In addition, the person or company that actually cut down the tree can also be held liable under various common law claims such as: negligence, trespass, conversion, intentional infliction of emotional distress and fraud.
Although the statute of limitations is a long five years, it is best to bring a case as soon as practically possible before evidence disappears and memories fade.
Despite all the law we return to the phrase "Good fences make good neighbors." Before starting a legal battle that could turn out to be very costly, consider informing your neighbor of the law and making a reasonable accommodation. If two parties each give a little, compromise should successfully resolve the matter. Who are we kidding, if everyone was reasonable, there would be no attorneys and in California there are a lot of them. If reason fails, consider consulting with an attorney regarding your options as soon as practically possible. Typically a letter should be sent, and if that fails, then a lawsuit may need to be filed.
If you have additional questions regarding California law on trees, fences, and boundary lines and would like the assistance of a licensed California real estate attorney, Melissa C. Marsh, please schedule a telephone consultation for as little as $129 by completing Ms. Marsh's Telephone Consultation Request Form and Melissa Marsh will call you back at the time you select. To learn more about how our low cost telephone consultations work, click here. In many cases, Ms. Marsh can help you resolve the matter with either just simple instruction, or a written letter.
California real estate lawyer, Melissa C. Marsh, is based in Sherman Oaks and West Hollywood, and assists individuals throughout Los Angeles County, including: West Hollywood, Miracle Mile, Beverly Hills, Century City, Santa Monica, Burbank, North Hollywood, Valley Village, Toluca Lake, Studio City, Sherman Oaks, Van Nuys, Encino, and Woodland Hills.
© 2007 - 2009 Melissa C. Marsh. All Rights Reserved.
Disclaimer: The information presented on this web site was prepared by Melissa C. Marsh for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. The information provided in my articles and alerts should not be relied upon, or used as a substitute for professional legal advice from an attorney you retain to advise or represent you. Your use of this Internet site does not create an attorney- client relationship. Transmission of this article is not intended to create, and receipt of it does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship. All uses of the contents of this site, other than personal uses, are prohibited. You may print or email a copy of any information posted on this web site for your own personal, non-commercial, use, but you may not publish any of the articles or posts on this web site without the Express Written Permission of Melissa C. Marsh.
Located in Los Angeles, California, the Law Office of Melissa C. Marsh handles business law and corporation law matters as a lawyer for clients throughout Los Angeles including Burbank, Sherman Oaks, Studio City, Valley Village, North Hollywood, Woodland Hills, Hollywood, West LA as well as Riverside County, San Fernando, Ventura County, and Santa Clarita. Attorney Melissa C. Marsh has considerable experience handling business matters both nationally and internationally. We routinely assist our clients with incorporation, forming a California corporation, forming a California llc, partnership, annual minutes, shareholder meetings, director meetings, getting a taxpayer ID number (EIN), buying a business, selling a business, commercial lease review, employee disputes, independent contractors, construction, and personal matters such as preparing a will, living trust, power of attorney, health care directive, and more.


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Where Do We Cover
Our team of Handymen services cover a vast proportion of London.
We have handymen located throughout the capital to provide as many of our valued customers as possible with our renowned services.
Whatever job you need, our handymen can come to you even if you don't live in these areas.
Please see the map above to find out the areas that our handymen in London cover. The locations that are shown in orange on the map above are those that we have covered 24/7.
However, if you are outside of this area and require a job that may need longer than 3 hours, please do contact us to discuss this and we will find a way to provide the service you need. Just email us direct or via our simple online booking form.