text:
From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia
Ragtime | |
Stylistic origins | |
Cultural origins | Early 1890s,[1] Midwestern and Southern U.S. |
Derivative forms |
Ragtime, also spelled rag-time or rag time,[2] is a musical style that had its peak from the 1890s to 1910s.[1] Its cardinal trait is its syncopated or "ragged" rhythm.[1] Ragtime was popularized during the early 20th century by composers such as Scott Joplin, James Scott and Joseph Lamb. Ragtime pieces (often called "rags") are typically composed for and performed on piano, though the genre has been adapted for a variety of instruments and styles.
Ragtime music originated within African-American communities in the late 19th century and became a distinctly American form of popular music. It is closely related to marches. Ragtime pieces usually contain several distinct themes, often arranged in patterns of repeats and reprises. Scott Joplin, known as the "King of Ragtime", gained fame through compositions like "Maple Leaf Rag" and "The Entertainer". Ragtime influenced early jazz,[3] Harlem stride piano, Piedmont blues, and European classical composers such as Erik Satie, Claude Debussy, and Igor Stravinsky. Despite being overshadowed by jazz in the 1920s, ragtime has experienced several revivals, notably in the 1950s and 1970s (the latter renaissance due in large part to the use of "The Entertainer" in the film The Sting). The music was distributed primarily through sheet music and piano rolls, with some compositions adapted for other instruments and ensembles.
[edit]Ragtime music was developed long before it was printed into sheet music. It had its origins in African American communities of St. Louis, Missouri. Most of the early ragtime pianists could not read or notate music, but instead played by ear and improvised. The instrument of choice by ragtime musicians was usually a banjo or a piano. It was performed in brothels, bars, saloons, and informal gatherings at house parties or juke joints .
The first ragtime composition to be published was "La Pas Ma La" in 1895. It was written by minstrel comedian Ernest Hogan. Kentucky native Ben Harney composed the song "You've Been a Good Old Wagon But You Done Broke Down" the following year in 1896. The composition was a hit and helped popularize the genre to the mainstream.[4][5] Another early ragtime pioneer was comedian and songwriter Irving Jones.[6] [7]
Ragtime was also a modification of the march style popularized by John Philip Sousa. Jazz critic Rudi Blesh thought its polyrhythm may be coming from African music, although no historian or musicologist has made any connection with any music from Africa.[8] Ragtime composer Scott Joplin (ca. 1868–1917) from Texas, became famous through the publication of the "Maple Leaf Rag" (1899) and a string of ragtime hits such as "The Entertainer" (1902), although he was later forgotten by all but a small, dedicated community of ragtime aficionados until the major ragtime revival in the early 1970s.[9][10] For at least 12 years after its publication, "Maple Leaf Rag" heavily influenced subsequent ragtime composers with its melody lines, chord progressions or metric patterns.[11]
In a 1913 interview published in the black newspaper New York Age, Scott Joplin asserted that there had been "ragtime music in America ever since the Negro race has been here, but the white people took no notice of it until about twenty years ago [in the 1890s]."[12]
The heyday of ragtime
[edit]Ragtime quickly established itself as a distinctly American form of popular music. Ragtime became the first African-American music to have an impact on mainstream popular culture. Piano "professors" such as Jelly Roll Morton played ragtime in the "sporting houses" (bordellos) of New Orleans. Polite society embraced ragtime as disseminated by brass bands and "society" dance bands. Bands led by W. C. Handy and James R. Europe were among the first to crash the color bar in American music. The new rhythms of ragtime changed the world of dance bands and led to new dance steps, popularized by the show-dancers Vernon and Irene Castle during the 1910s. The growth of dance orchestras in popular entertainment was an outgrowth of ragtime and continued into the 1920s.
Ragtime also made its way to Europe. Shipboard orchestras on transatlantic lines included ragtime music in their repertoire. In 1912 the first public concerts of ragtime were performed in the United Kingdom by the American Ragtime Octette (ARO) at the Hippodrome, London; a group organized by ragtime composer and pianist Lewis F. Muir who toured Europe.[13][14] Immensely popular with British audiences, the ARO popularized several of Muir's rags (such as "Waiting for the Robert E. Lee" and "Hitchy-Koo") which were credited by historian Ian Whitcomb as the first American popular songs to influence British culture and music.[15] The ARO recorded some of Muir's rags with the British record label The Winner Records in 1912; the first ragtime recordings made in Europe.[16] James R. Europe's 369th Regiment band generated great enthusiasm during its 1918 tour of France.[17]
Ragtime was an influence on early jazz; the influence of Jelly Roll Morton continued in the Harlem stride piano style of players such as James P. Johnson and Fats Waller. Ragtime was also a major influence on Piedmont blues. Dance orchestras started evolving away from ragtime towards the big band sounds that predominated in the 1920s and 1930s when they adopted smoother rhythmic styles.
[edit]There have been numerous revivals since newer styles supplanted ragtime in the 1920s. First in the early 1940s, many jazz bands began to include ragtime in their repertoire and put out ragtime recordings on 78 rpm records. A more significant revival occurred in the 1950s as a wider variety of ragtime genres of the past were made available on records, and new rags were composed, published, and recorded.
In the 1960s, two major factors brought about a greater public recognition of ragtime. The first was the publication of the book, They All Played Ragtime, in 1960, by Harriet Janis and Rudi Blesh. Some historians refer to this book as "The Ragtime Bible." Regardless, it was the first comprehensive and serious attempt to document the first ragtime era, and its three most important composers, Joplin, Scott, and Lamb. The second major factor was the rise to prominence of Max Morath. Morath created two television series for National Educational Television (now PBS) in 1960 and 1962: The Ragtime Era, and The Turn of the Century. Morath turned the latter into a one-man-show in 1969, and toured the U.S. with it for five years. Morath subsequently created different one-man-shows which also toured the U.S., that also educated and entertained audiences about ragtime.[18] New ragtime composers soon followed, including Morath, Donald Ashwander, Trebor Jay Tichenor, John Arpin, William Bolcom, William Albright.
In 1971, Joshua Rifkin released a compilation of Joplin's work which was nominated for a Grammy Award.[19]
In 1973, The New England Ragtime Ensemble (then a student group called The New England Conservatory Ragtime Ensemble) recorded The Red Back Book, a compilation of some of Joplin's rags in period orchestrations edited by conservatory president Gunther Schuller. It won a Grammy for Best Chamber Music Performance of the year and was named Top Classical Album of 1974 by Billboard magazine. The film The Sting (1973) brought ragtime to a wide audience with its soundtrack of Joplin tunes. The film's rendering of "The Entertainer", adapted and orchestrated by Marvin Hamlisch, was a Top 5 hit in 1975.
Ragtime – with Joplin's work at the forefront – has been cited as an American equivalent of the minuets of Mozart, the mazurkas of Chopin, or the waltzes of Brahms.[20] Ragtime also influenced classical composers including Erik Satie, Claude Debussy, and Igor Stravinsky.[21][22]
Historical context
[edit]Ragtime originated in African American music in the late 19th century and descended from the jigs and march music played by African American bands, referred to as "jig piano" or "piano thumping".[23][24]
By the start of the 20th century, it became widely popular throughout North America and was listened and danced to, performed, and written by people of many different subcultures. A distinctly American musical style, ragtime may be considered a synthesis of African syncopation and European classical music, especially the marches made popular by John Philip Sousa.
Some early piano rags were classified as "jig", "rag", and "coon songs". These labels were sometimes used interchangeably in the mid-1890s, 1900s, and 1910s.[23] Ragtime was also preceded by its close relative the cakewalk. In 1895, black entertainer Ernest Hogan released the earliest ragtime composition, called "La Pas Ma La". The following year he released another composition called "All Coons Look Alike to Me", which eventually sold a million copies.[25]
Tom Fletcher, a vaudeville entertainer and the author of 100 Years of the Negro in Show Business, has stated that "Hogan was the first to put on paper the kind of rhythm that was being played by non-reading musicians."[26] While the success of "All Coons Look Alike to Me" helped popularize the country to ragtime rhythms, its use of racial slurs created a number of derogatory imitation tunes, known as "coon songs" because of their use of racist and stereotypical images of black people. In Hogan's later years, he admitted shame and a sense of "race betrayal" from the song, while also expressing pride in helping bring ragtime to a larger audience.[27]
The emergence of mature ragtime is usually dated to 1897, the year in which several important early rags were published. "Harlem Rag" by Tom Turpin and "Mississippi Rag" by William Krell were both release that year. In 1899, Scott Joplin's "Maple Leaf Rag" was published and became a great hit and demonstrated more depth and sophistication than earlier ragtime.
Ragtime was one of the main influences on the early development of jazz (along with the blues). Some artists, such as Jelly Roll Morton, were present and performed both ragtime and jazz styles during the period the two styles overlapped. He also incorporated the Spanish tinge in his performances, which gave a habanera or tango rhythm to his music.[28] Jazz largely surpassed ragtime in mainstream popularity in the early 1920s, although ragtime compositions continue to be written up to the present, and periodic revivals of popular interest in ragtime occurred in the 1950s and the 1970s.
The heyday of ragtime occurred before sound recording was widely available. Like European classical music, classical ragtime has primarily been a written tradition distributed though sheet music. But sheet music sales ultimately depended on the skill of amateur pianists, which limited classical ragtime's complexity and proliferation. A folk ragtime tradition also existed before and during the period of classical ragtime (a designation largely created by Scott Joplin's publisher John Stillwell Stark), manifesting itself mostly through string bands, banjo and mandolin clubs (which experienced a burst of popularity during the early 20th century) and the like.
Ragtime was also distributed via piano rolls for mechanical player pianos. While the traditional rag was fading in popularity, a genre called novelty piano (or novelty ragtime) emerged that took advantage of new advances in piano roll technology and the phonograph record to permit a more complex, pyrotechnic, performance-oriented style of rag to be heard. Chief among the novelty rag composers is Zez Confrey, whose "Kitten on the Keys" popularized the style in 1921.
Ragtime also served as the roots for stride piano, a more improvisational piano style popular in the 1920s and 1930s. Elements of ragtime found their way into much of the American popular music of the early 20th century. It also played a central role in the development of the musical style later referred to as Piedmont blues; indeed, much of the music played by such artists of the style as Reverend Gary Davis, Blind Boy Fuller, Elizabeth Cotten, and Etta Baker could be referred to as "ragtime guitar."[29]
Although most ragtime was composed for piano, transcriptions for other instruments and ensembles are common, notably including Gunther Schuller's arrangements of Joplin's rags. Ragtime guitar continued to be popular into the 1930s, usually in the form of songs accompanied by skilled guitar work. Numerous records emanated from several labels, performed by Blind Blake, Blind Boy Fuller, Blind Lemon Jefferson, and others. Occasionally ragtime was scored for ensembles (particularly dance bands and brass bands) similar to those of James Reese Europe or as songs like those written by Irving Berlin. Joplin had long-standing ambitions of synthesizing the worlds of ragtime and opera, to which end the opera Treemonisha was written. However, its first performance, poorly staged with Joplin accompanying on the piano, was "disastrous" and was never performed again in Joplin's lifetime.[30] The score was lost for decades, then rediscovered in 1970, and a fully orchestrated and staged performance took place in 1972.[31] An earlier opera by Joplin, A Guest of Honor, has been lost.[32]
Musical form
[edit]The rag was a modification of the march made popular by John Philip Sousa, with additional polyrhythms coming from African music.[8] It was usually written in 2
4 or 4
4 time with a predominant left-hand pattern of bass notes on strong beats (beats 1 and 3) and chords on weak beats (beat 2 and 4) accompanying a syncopated melody in the right hand. According to some sources the name "ragtime" may come from the "ragged or syncopated rhythm" of the right hand.[1] A rag written in 3
4 time is a "ragtime waltz".
Ragtime is not a meter in the same way that marches are in duple meter and waltzes are in triple meter; it is rather a musical style that uses an effect that can be applied to any meter. The defining characteristic of ragtime music is a specific type of syncopation in which melodic accents occur between metrical beats. This results in a melody that seems to be avoiding some metrical beats of the accompaniment by emphasizing notes that either anticipate or follow the beat ("a rhythmic base of metric affirmation, and a melody of metric denial"[33]). The ultimate (and intended) effect on the listener is actually to accentuate the beat, thereby inducing the listener to move to the music. Scott Joplin, the composer/pianist known as the "King of Ragtime", called the effect "weird and intoxicating." He also used the term "swing" in describing how to play ragtime music: "Play slowly until you catch the swing...".[34]
The name swing later came to be applied to an early style of jazz that developed from ragtime. Converting a non-ragtime piece of music into ragtime by changing the time values of melody notes is known as "ragging" the piece. Original ragtime pieces usually contain several distinct themes, four being the most common number. These themes were typically 16 bars, each theme divided into periods of four four-bar phrases and arranged in patterns of repeats and reprises. Typical patterns were AABBACCC′, AABBCCDD and AABBCCA, with the first two strains in the tonic key and the following strains in the subdominant. Sometimes rags would include introductions of four bars or bridges, between themes, of anywhere between four and 24 bars.[1]
In a note on the sheet music for the song "Leola" Joplin wrote, "Notice! Don't play this piece fast. It is never right to play 'ragtime' fast."[35] E. L. Doctorow used the quotation as the epigraph to his novel Ragtime.
Related forms and styles
[edit]Ragtime pieces came in a number of different styles during the years of its popularity and appeared under a number of different descriptive names. It is related to several earlier styles of music, has close ties with later styles of music, and was associated with a few musical fads of the period such as the foxtrot. Many of the terms associated with ragtime have inexact definitions and are defined differently by different experts; the definitions are muddled further by the fact that publishers often labelled pieces for the fad of the moment rather than the true style of the composition. There is even disagreement about the term "ragtime" itself; experts such as David Jasen and Trebor Tichenor choose to exclude ragtime songs from the definition but include novelty piano and stride piano (a modern perspective), while Edward A. Berlin includes ragtime songs and excludes the later styles (which is closer to how ragtime was viewed originally). The terms below should not be considered exact, but merely an attempt to pin down the general meaning of the concept.
- Cakewalk – a pre-ragtime dance form popular until about 1904. The music is intended to be representative of an African-American dance contest in which the prize is a cake. Many early rags are cakewalks.
- Characteristic march – a march incorporating idiomatic touches (such as syncopation) supposedly characteristic of the race of their subject, which is usually African-Americans. Many early rags are characteristic marches.
- Two-step – a pre-ragtime dance form popular until about 1911. A large number of rags are two-steps.
- Slow drag – another dance form associated with early ragtime. A modest number of rags are slow drags.
- Coon song – a pre-ragtime vocal form popular until about 1901. A song with crude, racist lyrics often sung by white performers in blackface. Gradually died out in favor of the ragtime song. It was strongly associated with ragtime in its day.
- Ragtime song – the vocal form of ragtime, more generic in theme than the coon song. Though this was the form of music most commonly considered "ragtime" in its day, many people today prefer to put it in the "popular music" category. Irving Berlin was the most commercially successful composer of ragtime songs, and his "Alexander's Ragtime Band" (1911) was the single most widely performed and recorded piece of this sort, even though it contains virtually no ragtime syncopation. Gene Greene was a famous singer in this style.
- Folk ragtime – ragtime that originated from small towns or assembled from folk strains, or at least sounded as if they did. Folk rags often have unusual chromatic features typical of composers with non-standard training.
- Classic rag – the Missouri-style ragtime popularized by Scott Joplin, James Scott, and others.
- Foxtrot – a dance fad that began in 1913. Fox-trots contain a dotted-note rhythm different from that of ragtime, but which nonetheless was incorporated into many late rags.
- Novelty piano – a piano composition emphasizing speed and complexity, which emerged after World War I. It is almost exclusively the domain of white composers.
- Stride piano – a style of piano that emerged after World War I, developed by and dominated by black East-coast pianists (James P. Johnson, Fats Waller, and Willie 'The Lion' Smith). Together with novelty piano, it may be considered a successor to ragtime, but is not considered by all to be "genuine" ragtime. Johnson composed the song that is arguably most associated with the Roaring Twenties, "Charleston." A recording of Johnson playing the song appears on the compact disc James P. Johnson: Harlem Stride Piano (Jazz Archives No. 111, EPM, Paris, 1997). Johnson's recorded version has a ragtime flavor.
American ragtime composers
[edit]Influence on European composers
[edit]European Classical composers were influenced by the form. The first contact with ragtime was probably at the Paris Exposition in 1900, one of the stages of the European tour of John Philip Sousa. The first notable classical composer to take a serious interest in ragtime was Antonín Dvořák.[36] French composer Claude Debussy emulated ragtime in three pieces for piano. The best-known remains the Golliwog's Cake Walk (from the 1908 Piano Suite Children's Corner). He later returned to the style with two preludes for piano: Minstrels, (1910) and General Lavine-excentric (from his 1913 Préludes),[21] which was inspired by a Médrano circus clown.
Erik Satie, Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, and the other members of The Group of Six in Paris never made any secret of their sympathy for ragtime, which is sometimes evident in their works. Consider, in particular, the ballet of Satie, Parade (Ragtime du Paquebot), (1917) and La Mort de Monsieur Mouche, an overture for piano for a drama in three acts, composed in the early 1900s in memory of his friend J.P. Contamine de Latour. In 1902 the American cakewalk was very popular in Paris and Satie two years later wrote two rags, La Diva de l'empire and Piccadilly. Despite the two Anglo-Saxon settings, the tracks appear American-inspired. La Diva de l'empire, a march for piano soloist, was written for Paulette Darty and initially bore the title Stand-Walk Marche; it was later subtitled Intermezzo Americain when Rouarts-Lerolle reprinted it in 1919. Piccadilly, another march, was initially titled The Transatlantique; it presented a stereotypical wealthy American heir sailing on an ocean liner on the New York–Europe route, going to trade his fortune for an aristocratic title in Europe.[37] There is a similar influence in Milhaud's ballets Le boeuf sur le toite and Creation du Monde, which he wrote after a visit to Harlem during his trip in 1922. Even the Swiss composer Honegger wrote works in which the influence of African American music is pretty obvious. Examples include Pacific 231, Prélude et Blues and especially the Concertino for piano and orchestra.
Igor Stravinsky wrote a solo piano work called Piano-Rag-Music in 1919 and also included a rag in his theater piece L'Histoire du soldat (1918).[38]
[edit]In the early 1940s, many jazz bands began to include ragtime in their repertoire, and as early as 1936 78 rpm records of Joplin's compositions were produced.[39] Old numbers written for piano were rescored for jazz instruments by jazz musicians, which gave the old style a new sound. The most famous recording of this period is Pee Wee Hunt's version of Euday L. Bowman's "Twelfth Street Rag."
A more significant revival occurred in the 1950s. A wider variety of ragtime styles of the past were made available on records, and new rags were composed, published, and recorded. Much of the ragtime recorded in this period is presented in a light-hearted novelty style, looked to with nostalgia as the product of a supposedly more innocent time. A number of popular recordings featured "prepared pianos", playing rags on pianos with tacks on the hammers and the instrument deliberately somewhat out of tune, supposedly to simulate the sound of a piano in an old honky tonk.
Four events brought forward a different kind of ragtime revival in the 1970s. First, pianist Joshua Rifkin released a compilation of Scott Joplin's work, Scott Joplin: Piano Rags, on Nonesuch Records, which was nominated in 1971 for a Grammy Award for Best Classical Performance – Instrumental Soloist or Soloists (without orchestra) category.[19] This recording reintroduced Joplin's music to the public in the manner the composer had intended, not as a nostalgic stereotype but as serious, respectable music. Second, the New York Public Library released a two-volume set of The Collected Works of Scott Joplin which renewed interest in Joplin among musicians and prompted new stagings of Joplin's opera Treemonisha.[31][40] Next came the release and Grammy Award for The New England Ragtime Ensemble's recording of The Red Back Book, Joplin tunes edited by Gunther Schuller. Finally, with the release of the film The Sting in 1973, which had a Marvin Hamlisch soundtrack of Joplin rags, ragtime was brought to a wide audience. Hamlisch's rendering of Joplin's 1902 rag "The Entertainer" won an Academy Award,[41] and was an American Top 40 hit in 1974, reaching No. 3 on May 18.[42] Ragtime news and reviews publications during this period included The Ragtime Review (1962–1966), The Rag Times (bimonthly/sporadic, fl. 1962–2003), and The Mississippi Rag (monthly, 1973–2009).[43][44]
In 1980, an adaption of E. L. Doctorow's historical novel Ragtime was released on screen. Randy Newman composed its music score, which was all original. In 1998, a stage version of Ragtime was produced on Broadway. With music by Stephen Flaherty and lyrics by Lynn Ahrens, the show featured several rags as well as songs in other musical styles.
See also
[edit]- Animal dance
- Ragtime (film)
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Berlin, Edward A. (2001). "Ragtime". The Grove Music Dictionary. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.22825. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
- ^ Perlman, Itzhak. "The Easy Winners and other rag-time music of Scott Joplin". Archived from the original on April 26, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
- ^ Reed, Addison W. (1975). "Scott Joplin, Pioneer". The Black Perspective in Music. 3 (1): 45–52. doi:10.2307/1214379. ISSN 0090-7790. JSTOR 1214379.
- ^ Blesh, Rudi (1981). 'Scott Joplin: Black-American Classicist, Introduction to Scott Joplin Complete Piano Works. New York Public Library. p. xvii.
- ^ Brogan, Hugh (1999). The Penguin History of the United States of America (2 ed.). Penguin Books. p. 415. ISBN 978-0-14-025255-2.
- ^ Abbott and Seroff, Lynn, Doug (2009). Ragged But Right: Black Traveling Shows, 'Coon Songs' and the Dark Pathway to Blues and Jazz. University of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-4968-0030-5. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Miller, Karl Hagström (2010). Segregating Sound: Inventing Folk and Pop Music in the Age of Jim Crow. Duke University Press. p. 43. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
- ^ a b Scott Joplin: Black-American Classicist, pp. xv–xvi.
- ^ Scott Joplin: Black-American Classicist, p. xiii
- ^ Scott Joplin: Black-American Classicist, p. xviii
- ^ Scott Joplin: Black-American Classicist, p. xxiii.
- ^ "Theatrical Comment: Use of Vulgar Words a Detriment to Ragtime". New York Age. April 3, 1913. p. 6.
- ^ Jack Burton, Graydon LaVerne Freeman, Larry Freeman (1962). The Blue Book of Tin Pan Alley: A Human Interest Encyclopedia of American Popular Music, Volume 2. Century House. p. 213.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Stephen Inwood (2011). "Music and Dancing". City Of Cities: The Birth Of Modern London. Pan Macmillan. ISBN 9780330540674.
- ^ Ian Whitcomb (2013). "Invasion". After the Ball: Pop Music from Rag to Rock. Faber & Faber. ISBN 9780571299331.
- ^ Brian Rust, Sandy Forbes (1989). British Dance Bands on Record 1911 to 1945 and Supplement. General Gramophone Publications. p. 1139.
- ^ Emmett Jay Scott (1919). Scott's Official History of the American Negro in the World War. Homewood Press. pp. 308.
- ^ John S. Wilson, New York Times "MAX MORATH IN RAG AND 'UNRAGTIME'". Originally published, July 30, 1982; site accessed, July, 2021.
- ^ a b Past Winner Database, "1971 14th Grammy Awards". Accessed Feb. 19, 2007.
- ^ Hitchcock, H. Wiley. "Stereo Review", 1971, p.84, cited in Scott Joplin: Black-American Classicist, p. xiv.
- ^ a b Scott Joplin: Black-American Classicist, p. xiii.
- ^ Dickinson, Peter (January 1, 1987). "Reviews of Books". Music and Letters. 68 (1): 78–79. doi:10.1093/ml/68.1.78.
- ^ a b Van der Merwe, Peter (1989). Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 63. ISBN 0-19-316121-4.
- ^ "From Piano Thumping to the Concert Stage: The Rise of Ragtime". Music Educators Journal. 59 (8): 53–56. April 1973. doi:10.2307/3394278. JSTOR 3394278. S2CID 221056114.
- ^ White, Loring (2005). Ragging it: getting ragtime into history (and some history into ragtime). iUniverse. p. 99. ISBN 0-595-34042-3.
- ^ Ragging It, p.100.
- ^ Peress, Maurice (2003). Dvorak to Duke Ellington: A Conductor Explores America's Music and Its African American Roots. Oxford University Press. p. 39.
- ^ Garrett 2004, p. 94.
- ^ Bastin, Bruce. "Truckin' My Blues Away: East Coast Piedmont Styles" in Nothing But the Blues: The Music and the Musicians. Ed. Lawrence Cohn. New York: Abbeville Press, 1993.
- ^ Scott, William B.; Rutkoff, Peter M. (2001). New York Modern: The Arts and the City. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 37.
- ^ a b Peterson, Bernard L. (1993). A century of musicals in black and white. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 357. ISBN 0-313-26657-3. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
- ^ "Classical Net". Classical.net. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
- ^ Scott Joplin: Black-American Classicist, p. xv.
- ^ Joplin, Scott (1971). Brodsky Lawrence, Vera (ed.). The Collected Works of Scott Joplin. New York Public Library. p. 284. ISBN 0-87104-242-8.
- ^ Berlin, Edward A. (March 30, 2016). King of Ragtime: Scott Joplin and His Era. Oxford University Press. pp. 276–. ISBN 978-0-19-024605-1. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
- ^ "Antonin Dvorak – Symphony No. 9 "From the New World" In Nature's Realm – Carnival". Musicallyspeaking.com. Archived from the original on August 20, 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
- ^ Gildo De Stefano, "Ragtime, jazz & dintorni", Preface by Amiri Baraka. Sugarco Editions, Milan, 2007. ISBN 978-88-7198-532-9
- ^ Robert Bridge (May 17, 1994). "L'Histoire du Soldat (The Soldier's Tale) A Brief Historical Overview". Archived from the original on June 23, 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) also PDF - ^ Jasen, David A. Discography of 78 rpm Records of Joplin Works, Scott Joplin Complete Piano Works, New York Public Library, (1981), pp. 319–320
- ^ Ping-Robbins, Nancy R. (1998). Scott Joplin: A Guide to Research. Psychology Press. p. 289. ISBN 0-8240-8399-7. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
- ^ "Entertainment Awards Database". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
- ^ "Charis Music Group, compilation of cue sheets from the American Top 40 radio Show" (PDF). Charismusicgroup.com. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
- ^ Vezner, Tad (January 21, 2009). "Mississippi Rag publisher Leslie Johnson dies at 66". Twin Cities Pioneer Press. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
- ^ Jasen, David (2007). "Ragtime Publications". Ragtime: An Encyclopedia, Discography, and Sheetography. Routledge. pp. 202–205. ISBN 9780415978620.
Further reading
[edit]- Berlin, E. A. (1980). Ragtime: A Musical and Cultural History. California: University of California Press.
- Blesh, R.; Janis, H. (1971). They All Played Ragtime, 4th ed. Oak Publications.
- De Stefano, Gildo; Baraka, Amiri (2007). Ragtime, Jazz & Dintorni. Milan: Sugarco Editions. ISBN 978-88-7198-532-9.
- Jasen, D. A.; Tichenor, T. J. (1980). Rags and Ragtime. Dover.
- Schafer, W. J.; Riedel, J. (1973). The Art of Ragtime: Form and Meaning of an Original Black American Art. Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 9780807102206.
- Waldo, Terry (2009). This Is Ragtime. Jazz at Lincoln Center Library Editions.
- RAGTIME HISTORY (Storia del Ragtime)


text:
I is in Las Vegas, NV, the particular fall of 2010. It's, of course, one of the popular, fun cities found (or across the country?) It's really one of an kind. You observe things there that all you don't see anywhere besides you.
Whether for business or pleasure, Gambling forums build a great medium for building relationships. You're able to find friends and mentors for all times if you frequent reputable forums. Some are people who might give valuable advice to assist improve your gaming experience. Others are beginners 69VN nhận 169k seeking friendship of people similar hobbies. Stick with or even more two Gambling forums in which means you can engage with yearly. In doing so, finish up exposed numerous great resources and trustworthy Gambling practices.
You may drink in the casino which enables you to zone out and boost your casino gambling experience. You should drink excessively so perfect numb your feelings.
It can be advisable may set a win limit. Specialists the amount that will distinguish if are already satisfied on winning and ready to stop playing. Number of many players who go on playing just because they are experiencing a winning streak. May a big mistake. As soon as you are winning, that ought to an indication to cash out and set. Otherwise, this oftentimes leads to your great departure. Slot machines will almost always tricky. At first, it could give basically winning streak to lure you into placing big amounts of bets now you are convinced that you will be getting purchasing. Then, suddenly, after making an important bet, also it lose removing a huge amount of your profits as well as your bankroll. Letting this happen is a fantastic smart way to do gambling.
To increase your chances of winning the sport it will be better if you have chosen the Pg slot machine game based on the payout can make. Select a machine that rrs known for a good payout frequency. Whether or not the bet amount is low, your associated with winning recreation are higher in purchase. Therefore, it will always be wise to opt as a consequence of machines. Just as the risk or difficulty of winning recreation is low, you won't lose a lump sum amount money even if you lose the sport. Thus, it will not affect your account balance.
So if gambling is legal and so widespread, why isn't everyone addicted? Would people know when terminate and return home! Gambling doesn't have to be addictive. Want strong self-control and an instinct to learn when in order to. You need to have many more important things to do and think in living.
You can also learn about new types of gambling. You can always find new gambling sites advertised on vast web with manufacturer new twist. These help keep gambling interesting for people who have been playing traditional games for several. You can learn new methods and rules for traditional games also. Also, keep up with gambling news and stocks when you are an investor or want to know what's enjoying an in your region.
There furthermore gamblers who withdraw from society resultantly of being apart from his/her friends. They keep mostly to themselves and often fidgety in crowds and gambling then become a scapegoat to enable them to get rid of the negative feelings.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
God is calling us to seek after Him'
Psalm 22:26-32
Related Sermons
Acts 16:29-31 (NIV) Acts 16:29-31 (NIV) 29 The jailer called for lights, rushed in and fell trembling before Paul and Silas. 30 He then brought them out and asked, "Sirs, what must I do to be saved?" 31 They replied, "Believe in...
Use your Talents
(John West) The Parable of the Talents:- Matthew 25:14-30 The Parable of the Talents:- Matthew 25:14-30
Taking time to rest & Pray.
Mark 1:29-35 In our Gospel passage from Mark 1:29-35 Jesus goes to a quiet place, a remote place to pray. He likely climbed the large hill by the Sea of Galilee. To minister to others Jesus needed to spend time in prayer. It is wise for us to follow that example.
David & Goliath
1 Samuel 17:4-49 In this sermon we turn to 1 Samuel 17:4-49 and the story of David & Goliath. Israel trembles before the giant but young David says, "You come against me with sword, spear & javelin but I come against you in the name of the LORD Almighty!" David is a saviour...
2 Cor 12:2-10
No one likes to suffer or go through trials. But God uses our trials, persecution and sufferings to equip us to minister to others who are also suffering and being persecuted. With Gods grace we can use what we're going through to help others.
(John West) Ephesians 1:1-14 John West says:- "I don't say that out of a sense of triumphalism but rather as a reminder that when things go really badly in our lives - by which I mean that life seems to totally fall apart - we as Christians are still blessed, in the heavenly realms...
(Denis Kirkaldy) Eph 2:11-22 Continuing the sermon series on Paul's letter to the Ephesians. We now look at how Jesus breaks down barriers between us and brings unity. Eph 2:11-22
Paul's prayer for the Christians at Ephesus
(Denis Kirkaldy) Eph 3:14-21 Eph 3:14-21 This gives us an example of how Paul prays for people but more than that, it is an insight into the things that are important for Christians.
Eph 4:1-16
(Denis Kirkaldy) Continuing our series on Ephesians. Last week Denis talked a bit about Christian maturity. The theme continues again today in more detail as Paul focuses on some of the ways we become mature as Christians.
Eph 4:17-5:2
(Denis Kirkaldy) Paul's letters all have a similar structure. He begins with theology/doctrine centred on what Jesus did & finishes with instructions on Christian living as a response to this. In our series on Ephesians we come today to Paul's instructions on how to live as Christians. He tells us what to...
James 2:18-26
(John West) Self-denial is not a very popular subject. We are more likely to want to know "what's in it for me!" Our reading from Mark's Gospel poses the question, "Who is Jesus?" and our answer to the question will determine what we do with our lives. If Jesus is really King...
Prayer of Faith
James 5:12-20 James 5:12-20:- This passage deals with the prayer of faith and gives some good theological basis and biblical warrant. For James contrasts those who frantically make oaths and bargain with God in difficulty with those who rely on God's power and grace and turn to him in prayer and seek...
'Trusting God with the faith of a child'
Mark 10:13-16 Mark 10:13-16 "We naturally put our trust in people and things on a daily basis without even thinking much about it. But when it comes to trusting God we struggle as our fears, possessions and emotions can hinder us."
Hebrews 4:11-13
Hebrews 4, in particular 11-13 Some months ago I ended up in ER at Wyong Hospital after chopping some onions. The knife was sharp and cut me cleanly, easily penetrating and dividing flesh. Thankfully the cut wasn't too deep. Today we will consider our reading from Hebrews 4,in particular 11-13 and it comes with a...
Contending for the Faith Part 3
Jude 17-22 Jude 17-22 The third part of our sermon series on Jude- Contending for the faith is on how to contend for the faith. I love those books- the dummies guide to car repair or the dummies guide to Windows 10 and Jude 1:20-23 is really a "dummies guide to Christian...
Jude- The final in the series
Jude 3 & 24 Jude 3 & 24 The conclusion ot the four part series on Jude- Contend for the faith by turning to verses 24 and 25. At the end of his letter Jude reminds us, that it is God who keeps us from falling. It is not all about our own effort....
Rev Kevin's Farewell Message
The Apostle Paul stayed in Ephesus, which is in modern day Turkey, for over two years (see Acts 19:10) the longest he stayed in any place on his missionary journeys. Ephesus was the second largest city in the Roman Empire with a population of 250,000 and was a major trading...
Love at Dinnertime
(Bishop Charlie Murry) John 12:1-8 John 12:1-8 1Six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus lived, whom Jesus had raised from the dead. 2Here a dinner was given in Jesus' honour. Martha served, while Lazarus was among those reclining at the table with him. 3Then Mary took about a pint of pure...
The Word of God
(Denis Kirkaldy) 2 Timothy 3:15-17 2 Timothy 3:15-17 We take a look at the bible & it's importance in Christian living.
Pentecost- Rom 8:1-17
(Denis Kirkaldy) Pentecost Sunday. Pentecost was a Jewish Festival held 50 days after Passover. The Christian Church has taken it over to celebrate the coming of the Holy Spirit to the followers of Jesus. The account of this is found in Acts 2 and is seen as the beginning of the church....
(John West) Isaiah 35:1-10 -Have you ever been out walking and reached a fork in the road, where you had the choice of either direction. Sometimes in such circumstances I have chosen the easier looking road and at others I have taken the road which I think is more likely to get me to...
"Conquerors" - Romans 8:26-39
(John West) A message & Service of Holy Communion at Wollombi by Rev John West
"Saving Faith. Living Faith." Romans 10 with Rev. John West at St John's, Wollombi.
(John West) Romans 10
Romans 10
A Higher Calling
(Aleks Pinter) Ephesians 4:1-16 Aleks' Inaugural Sermon Ephesians 4:1-16


text:
If I'm completely honest, going there meant also going out of comfort zone. If you're used to having an IT team that does what is needed, the notion of having to really fight for the survival of your ideas on a level playing field was something that I wasn't all that used to anymore.
I believe this is something that happens to all managers to a certain degree. You might tell yourself that "but I have to fight for my ideas at work too!" – it's not the same. If you're CEO and ask the IT team to build something, the CTO will most likely not tell you that your idea is crap (maybe not in those exact same words at G48 either), get off the stage and find some other people to do it for you. So G48 is definitely a great way to help revitalize your public speaking and team working abilities.
But what I actually wanted to tell you is that this weekend the gravitas of Garage48's influence dawned on me. I met an Australian bloke who moved here to work on his start-up (promotional brackets: www.stepsie.com). When I asked "why?", the answer wasn't "a blonde", as it usually tends to be. Instead he said that he could do it anywhere and he heard that Estonia has a vibrant start-up scene, so why the F not -Tallinn it is!
I would argue that Garage48 has to do with the fact that such people (= young trend setting professionals and entrepreneurs) say such things and place such trust in Estonia as a welcoming environment.
I don't have to tell you how the internet age is democratizing the world economy, how 20 years ago building an international business from Estonia was virtually impossible, how these global success stories of #estonianmafia keep popping up one after the other or how we now have the opportunity to really put Estonia on the map of the world by having another tiger's leap. Taavi Kotka is doing a superb job at that (mad props, btw).
What I would like to say is that when it comes to hands-on work towards building a start-up ecosystem, no one is doing a better and more important job than Garage48 meaning the founders and the current team. The beauty of it is that it's all about enabling you to do what you want by giving the necessary framework. Different incubators are maybe useful for some companies, but there is really nothing like having yourself thrown in the water and learning to swim that way. Years from now, when Estonia will be absurdly rich because of the plethora of wildly successful start-ups (including an app called "Duckificationify" which teaches people how to make a proper duckface. I hope.), people will look back and say "Well that's also because of Garage48, of course".
Here's to another 48 years of boosting the Estonian start-up scene. I salute you and cheers!
post by: Martin Kõiva (Participant at the Garage48 Tallinn 2014 "Health&Wellness" event)
If you liked Martin's story, find team Ticky to show support. You can also read more about the Garage48 Tallinn 2014 "Health&Wellness" or find the next event happening near you.


text:
Some weeks back, there was a discussion on the yahoogroups software-testing list, into which I managed to dare to comment.
The discussion, shortly summarized, was handling testers scope and authority, and what a testers should do that is within her authority. There was a comment related to the idea of separation of concerns emphasized in agile, where the "what" questions belong to business and "how" questions belong to the team. And a tester is part of the team.
I find myself and a significant portion of my colleagues in test to be people who are somewhere between business and the team. I've intentionally chosen to be a tester, and focus most of my energy into testing type of activities. I could be a project manager. I could be a product owner. But, I'm a tester.
If I would choose to be e.g. a product owner, I could still test. I could take the bits from XP and interpret that acceptance testing, at least the tip of it after all the automation, belongs to the customer role.
I see the potential personal benefits in focusing on one or the other of what / how – getting to actually be good at one instead of trying to do both. But again, mostly from a personal point of view, do I really have to choose between the sides I live by "living up to my role"?


text:
Facts About Google: What You Probably Don't Know
Everyone knows Google. The largest empire on the web; having not only dominated the web market, they pretty much created it. Starting out as nothing more than an innovative algorithm to battle the lacking search engines of the early days of the mainstream Internet, Google quickly exploded. Their revenue jumped, and suddenly they were making improvements and churning out new projects like no tomorrow. If you believe the paranoid (and possibly correct) privacy advocates, it won't be long before Google takes over the world. Or something like that.
Latest Tweets
@jesseosher https://t.co/ZwlqIlG9QW
- Tuesday Dec 8 - 12:04pm
RT @nadiyashah: Nearly all the best things that came to me in life have been unexpected, unplanned by me. - Carl Sandburg #quote
- Sunday Dec 6 - 1:23am


text:
Shipping, taxes, and discounts calculated at checkout.
Create or sign into your 686 account during checkout to accrue and apply loyalty credits for a discount.
A regular fit through the seat and thigh with a mellow taper through the knee and leg opening.
Earn $16.90 credit
This item is only available for sale in the US.
These Reclaimed pants are some of the stars of our sustainability initiatives. Limited in numbers yet maximized in style. Look good and feel good knowing you're helping keep deadstock fabrics out of the landfill
Model is 6'1" (185cm) with a 32" waist wearing a size 32
Free shipping on orders over $100 (US Only).
For eligible items, returns for a refund are accepted within 30 days from the shipment date.
We are committed to a continuous journey of improvement and positive contribution to the world we live and play in, and using our business as a force for good. B Corp Certification designates that we've met B Corp community standards of performance, accountability, and transparency on factors from employee benefits and environmental management to supply chain practices and input materials.
Learn more about out sustainability efforts HERE
A regular fit through the seat and thigh with a mellow taper through the knee and leg opening.
Since 2013, in response to the wasted textiles that end up in landfills, we have found ways to create unique products from our own leftovers and scraps. Fabric that would normally be trashed is upcycled into limited edition garments.
DWR (Durable Water Repellency) coating is the outermost finish applied to exclusive 686 fabrics increasing their contact angle and thus repelling water while maintaining high breathability. DWR also helps repel stains and oils that can damage your garment's surface.
Everywear®. It's in the name. This was the fabric chosen above all others to center the 686 Everywear® apparel around. The perfect amount of stretch. Just the right durability in the nylon to make it move with you and drape just right. Breathable but with a capable water and stain resistant finish and with an Ultraviolet Protection Factor of 40+. If you wanted to create a piece of apparel that had to perform at a high level across the board, Everywear® fabric is up for the job.
Ultraviolet Protection Factor gauges a fabric's effectiveness at filtering both ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) light. In everyday terms, a rating of UPF 40+ means the fabric allows less than 2.5% UV transmission. UPF-rated clothing enhances protection against UV-related health risks. Increase your personal safety and decrease your reliance on sunscreen by covering up with our UPF-rated clothing.


text:
Orders, Returns, Terms and Conditions
Website Sales
- Orders placed on our website to include but not exclusive to apparel, shirts, hoodies, jackets, ball caps, plaques, decals, posters, license plate covers, drinkware, statues or other military gift item are considered website sales oriented. If an item that is ordered requests additional customization for example a personalized text drop that is considered a semi-custom order.
- We strive to provide the very best quality and services when it comes to the original military art, design and printing we offer. Because each of products are produced on-demand we have specific lead times that allow us to best serve all our customers with their unique semi-custom or custom design requests. Due to the demand for our services our production schedule can and does fluctuate. We provide approximate lead and print times to serve as a guide. We do request your flexibility but please note it is our goal to provide the best services for the products and services we provide. If you have a special date or anniversary or a deadline that needs to be achieved please let us know in writing as soon as possible and we will do our very best to accommodate your needs.
Lead Times (Please use this as a guide) All days are referred to as business days. Please exclude weekends and holidays. Orders placed after 12pm PST are treated as orders placed the following business day.
Challenge Coins- 1-2 Days if in inventory. Orders that are incomplete are to be fulfilled once all items are in the order are ready to ship unless per request by customer.
Shirts & Hoodies – 3-5 Days (but will typically go out in 1-3 days)
Decals – 3-5 Days (but will typically go out in 1-3 days)
Steins/Mugs – 3-5 Days (but will typically go out in 1-3 days)
Embroidery – 5-7 Days
New/Back Patches- 14 Days
Pre-Orders (Back Orders)
- These are military designs whether coins or apparel items that are first seen on our website so our customers can get them early and get on the list right away!
They are not in stock yet (in production with various lead times until completion) but will be arriving soon and we will fire them out the door the minute they arrive. You can order early and get them and be the first person on the block with the newest military designs we offer. Pre-orders are not refundable and non-cancellable. When you place your pre-order you are reserving that item. The reason for this is that our production and associated costs to custom make an item from an apparel item to a challenge coin is based on the number of orders placed for it. A refund or cancellation of an item can severely increase the cost of manufacturing and impact all orders placed by all customers for that item.
- Back ordered items such as challenge coins are defined as in production at the time of order placement. When you place an order for a back ordered challenge coin you are accepting the terms of conditions that the coin is being made, that you understand it is a non-cancellable item and that the lead time to produce the coin could several weeks to several months for its completion. We of course want the very best for our customers and we will not sacrifice quality for speed ensuring your order is fulfilled with only the finest military products and gift items in the industry.
Order returns
- Orders placed for all items with the exception of challenge coins can be returned if they meet all of the following conditions:
- The item has not been worn, washed or used and does not have any wear associated with use.
- Has experienced a material defect such as a tear, incorrectly labeled size, or color issue associated with its original manufacturing.
- Challenge coins are non-returnable.
- Items that have experienced a misprint can be returned for replacement or store credit. Incorrectly ordered sizes are the responsibility of our customers and cannot be returned.
- Any items that quality for a return must have a photo submitted to our offices for review prior to replacement or store credit.
Custom – A custom order is defined as any request in writing whereby our customer has requested the creation of artwork, the printing of shirts or order placement of custom challenge coins. This includes but is not limited to any art development, any associated set up costs to include but not limited to molds and dies, screens and films and any product or service required to produce the custom items.
- Custom orders can be placed at any time. When a custom order is cancelled it can and will incur costs associated with its preparation and development and any costs incurred by us will be billed and charged to our customers. If any prepayment for a custom job has occurred a paid invoice showing what costs have been incurred and paid for will be provided. Any refunds owed for costs not incurred will be refunded to our customer.
- Artwork – A cancellation of a custom job that has had artwork performed will be billed and charged for the work incurred. We bill at a rate of 75.00/hour. The cost and number of hours will be determined at time of written cancellation and provided in a paid invoice to customer.
- Set up – Any tooling, molds, dies, screens, films, blank apparel items or set up costs that have been ordered and costs incurred by company prior to the cancellation of a custom job will incur a restocking and shipping cost. These costs will be charged and billed for at the time of cancellation.
- Cancellation of custom job after production and printing is completed is considered non-cancelled and will be billed and charged for in full.
- Any issues arising from an incorrect mailing address provided by the customer and any additional shipping and handling costs incurred by company will be billed and charged to its customer.
- Lost or stolen merchandise is not the responsibility of our company. If insurance is requested for the custom job a price quote for insurance will be provided. If insurance is declined then all responsibility of delivery is waived by customer and accepted in full by customer.
- Duration of completion is not guaranteed due to the nature of custom creation. Quotes provided with estimated production and or delivery are estimates. They are to be used as guides only and are non-binding to company.
- Art acceptance and proofing – it is the responsibility of our customers to review in its entirety any art proof provided by our company. An approval provided by our customers is their acceptance of the artwork and any subsequent printing. If any discrepancy arises as a result of the printing being inconsistent with the art proof in the case of a misspelled word or sentence or art that was printed that is inconsistent with the art proof that was signed off on it will be replaced in full by company. Any issues associated with the printing after it is determined it has been correctly printed is the responsibility of the customer and a reprint will occur at the expense of the customer.
- Transit – a USPS tracking number will be provided when the custom job has been printed and shipped. Unless specified or requested to use another carrier or service, USPS will be the method of shipment.


text:
Ba Zi Case Studies
What if someone else says that they also provide Ba Zi (Eight Characters) analysis?
Firstly, please check whether the Feng Shui practitioner provides you with a full or basic Ba Zi analysis.
What if the practitioner says that he/she gives each family member a full Ba Zi analysis?
Check further to see if the practitioner analyses two extra Pillars: House of Life and House of Conception are analyzed in addition to the Year, Month, Day and Time of birth. As House of Life Pillar will ultimately determine whether a person is weak or strong as shown in the two case studies below.
On the other hand, House of Conception tells about the type of relationship for the male. And for females, in particular it relates to child birth issues and more.
Insist on this two extra pillars if anyone claims that they do a full Ba Zi analysis for you.
No one has ever come close to our highly detailed and accurate full Ba Zi analysis!
Case Study 1:
An actual case where FS practitioners have wrongly stated that this person's Ba Zi is strong earth. The correct analysis should be weak earth person.
1. In a Ba Zi or Pillars of destiny, the Year, Month, Day, Time, House of Life and House of Conception are looked at. (where each pillar e.g. Year, month etc... has each a heavenly stem and earthly branch.)
2. These elements are looked at in relation to the day of birth pillar. For example, if the day pillar has earth element.
3 The above example shows a sample chart of a person who is considered as a weak earth person.
4. Our Ba Zi analysis takes care of which season, earth is strongest or weakest as this will affect the element at the time one were born.
5. This analysis takes into consideration many of the factors i.e. what is your season of birth, any clash, or combinations of your elements.
6. Many of us, may not be aware but, many practitioners fall short of fully analyzing the birth chart of a person in this aspect.
7. For example, in this sample chart, one will see that some FS practitioners may mistaken the person born in that date to be a `strong earth' person.
8. Here is how they could easily have mistaken the person to be strong. And this is an actual case where one practitioner had got it wrong as they not done sufficient work on the Ba Zi chart.
9. The mistake has arisen to consider the person as strong earth element:-
10. Most of the normal Ba Zi analysis done by others will only consider the Year, Month, Day & Hour of Birth. If one wrongly considers only that, one can see from this example that:-
The original elements in the chart will be as follows...
2 Metal
3 Earth
1 Wood
2 Fire
0 Water
11. This is assuming no combinations was considered and the House of Life and House of Conception was not taken into account.
12. In the above, you can see that being a Earth person, he has 3 earth, plus 2 fire which produces it. This makes his favourable elements to be 5 out of 8 elements. Which is already a clear indication that he is likely to be a Strong Earth person (even if we do not yet consider the seasons of birth influence).
13. However, if you consider the Combination which occur in Hour or Day Earthly Branch wei and Year Earthly Branch wu. This is a combination that will occur and because of the favourable conditions it will combine to change the original element from wei-wu (earth-fire) to Wood element. This change reduces the two favourable elements earth and fire and change it to 2 unfavourable element wood which destroy Earth.
2 Metal
2 Earth
3 Wood
1 Fire
0 Water
14. Thus, if you consider the combinations that resulted, the final element summary would be different and thus, making it a weaker earth than originally determined.
15. Similarly, because now the House of Life and House of Conception was considered, there will be further changes to the element summary which affects whether a person is weak or strong.
16. All the analysis done by us takes into account every possible clash, harm, punishment & self punishment, and every possible Joins, Double/Triple combinations. Every additional analysis will have an overall impact on the final analysis.
17. However, if any one of the above analysis has yet to be considered, the final analysis deduced will never be accurate. Thus, we find that it is a pity that many calculation done are often lacking in many of detailed analysis in order to do a complete Pillars of Destiny Analysis.
18. In addition, the environment earth strength has already being factored into the Ba Zi.
Case Study 2:
An actual case where FS practitioners have wrongly stated that this person's Ba Zi is a weak earth. The correct analysis should be strong earth person.
1. In this second example, one can also see how often, many FS practitioners get their client's Ba Zi wrong.
2. In fact, these two case studies are true real life examples, where, these two persons, were `mislead' to think that their elements were i.e. in the first earlier example - strong earth. While in this second example, they were told that the analysis resulted in this case as a weak earth.
3. This example (below) shows how, this person especially due to double combinations of his element became a `strong earth' person.
4. Depends on how comprehensive the analysis, most of the analysis takes only the basic 4 pillars. Thus the resulting elements would be:-
1 Water
2 Earth
2 Wood
1 Fire
2 Metal
5. Given the seasons of birth Earth is Extremely Weak and he has 2 extremely weak earth, plus 1 Strong Fire against, 2 Strongest Wood and 1 Water which destroy Fire.
6. This would seem at a glance that this person is a weak Earth. If you consider all the clash and combinations etc.
0 Water
1 Earth
3 Fire
2 Wood
2 Metal
7. Again, if you consider the combinations and clashes, the resulting elements would change as above. In this case, the number of Fire would increase, decreasing the water which unfavourable for this person as there is now water now to destroy the Fire which is a Earth person's favourable element. Thus, this person is not as weak as it original seem.
8. In addition, if you have the full blown chart with the House of Life and house of Conception, again, this will change as there is additional 2 Fire element added from his House of Life and House of Conception. In addition, there is an additional Earth element in the House of Conception.
0 Water - weak
2 Wood - strongest
5 Fire - strong
2 Earth - extremely weak
3 Metal - weakest
9. No doubt, this person is a extremely weak earth, but it is strengthen by the 5 strong Fire which exhaust the 2 strongest wood to again give strength to the extremely weak earth.
10. So under this circumstances, this person is a Strong Earth as opposed to a weak Earth as originally defined.
11. Determining a person's element strength is extremely important as a weak earth is different from a strong earth. In our reports, we go all out to provide all the necessary analysis to determine this as we understand the importance and impact of having determined the correct element strength.
Who do you want to depend on getting your Ba Zi correct?
As you can see, we make sure that your Ba Zi is absolutely correct as being wrongly diagnosed as `weak' or `strong' can make such a vast difference in your Ba Zi!
No one comes as close to us in doing what we do best! Providing you the most comprehensive and accurate Ba Zi analysis!
Warmest Regards,
Cecil Lee
Center for Applied Feng Shui Research
- Hits: 91089


text:
The outdooralabama.com website offers a wealth of information about the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and its programs.
The Newsroom contains press releases issued by ADCNR.
For photographs, see the agency's Flickr page.
Members of the media who have specific questions should contact the following:
General Inquiries, Press Releases
Kenny Johnson, 334-242-3163
Billy Pope, 334-242-3152
David Rainer, author of Outdoor Alabama Weekly, a column on hunting/fishing/outdoors in Alabama.
Hunter Education, Archery in the Schools, Becoming an Outdoors-Woman
Marisa Futral, 334-242-3469
State Parks
Parks Promotions, 334-242-3154
Media inquiries for Marine Patrol, which is now under the Alabama Law Enforcement Agency
Robyn Bryan


text: The 2016 Ford Super Duty trucks are offered in F-250, F-350 and F-450 models, designating progressively higher tow and weight ratings. Compared to light-duty, full-size trucks, like the F-150, the Super Duty models have a stronger structure, along with heavy-duty components throughout and a powertrain lineup chosen for sheer pulling and hauling ability. Ford Super Duty trim levels include XL, XLT, Lariat, King Ranch and Platinum. Throughout the lineup, there's a choice of two different engines -- either a 385-horsepower, 6.2L gasoline V8, or a 440-horsepower 6.7L Power Stroke turbo diesel engine. The gasoline engine is also compatible with E85 (85-percent ethanol) and can be equipped for propane or compressed natural gas, which makes it attractive for fleet use. In any practical use, the diesel engine, with its mammoth 860 pound-feet of torque, comes out far ahead of the gas engine's 405 pound-feet. No matter which engine, the Super Duty trucks come with a heavy-duty 6-speed SelectShift automatic transmission. F-350 and F-450 models get a reinforced frame and hitch system compared to F-250 models. Both the F-350 and F-450 are also offered in a dual-rear-wheel configuration for better stability with heavy loads. F-350 models can tow up to 26,500 pounds with either a conventional bumper hitch or a fifth-wheel hitch, while F-450s will tow up to 31,200 pounds. All single-rear-wheel models of the Super Duty trucks come with electronic stability control plus trailer sway control and hill start assist to help with standing starts on steep uphill slopes. Anti-lock brakes are also included and an integrated trailer brake controller is available. Integrated exhaust braking -- like that of big rigs -- is on the options list with the diesel, while Hill Descent Control also helps on slippery downhills, even when towing. Big PowerScope trailer-tow mirrors are also available. Ford's SYNC with MyFord Touch in-dash multimedia system is standard on Lariat, King Ranch, and Platinum models. It features an 8-inch high-resolution touchscreen display, with access to climate controls, phone, entertainment and navigation features, along with voice control. The display also shows the view from the rear backup camera. The options list for the F-Series Super Duty Trucks isn't as comfort- and luxury-oriented as that of the F-150, though trucks at the top of the range can be ordered as luxuriously as desired. Some innovative specialized features, such as a Ford Work Solutions Crew Chief system for fleets and a Cable Lock security system for equipment, are geared toward those who use the Super Duty for serious work.


text:
Cardi B, T.I. and More React to Mass Shootings in Texas and Ohio
The nation was rocked by not one but two mass shootings over the weekend that took place in El Paso, Texas and Dayton, Ohio.
Twenty people were killed and another 26 injured when a gunman, identified as Patrick Crusius, 21, opened fire at a Wal-Mart in El Paso on Saturday (Aug. 3). Afterward, he was arrested and taken into custody. Crusius was reportedly targeting Hispanic Americans during his terrorist act.
In Ohio, 10 people were killed and at least 26 injured on Sunday morning (Aug. 4) in a shooting near a popular nightclub in the Oregon District of downtown Dayton. Officers killed the shooter, later identified as 24-year-old Connor Betts, after he opened fire with high-powered assault rifle.
Needless to say, the two tragedies so close together have sent a shock wave through the country and again brought the issue of gun control to the forefront. Members of the hip-hop community are also weighing in on the devastating events.
Cardi B, who is on a tour break before hitting the road again later this month, chimed in on Instagram with a post about the El Paso shooter that is making its rounds on the internet. The post gives info on the suspect and points out the fact that Crusius, a white male, is the opposite of the right-wing model of terrorism.
She also called President Trump to task on Twitter.
"We have enough information already!" she replied to a post from the president updating the situation. "Both of the shooters are white supremacist terrorist with intentions to kill minority's .Law enforcement took rapid action but what are YOU going to do to control some of your RACIST SUPPORTERS?"
T.I. posted a graphic that shows the numbers of mass shootings this year in America as opposed to other countries. The statistics are shocking.
"I don't think this makes US 'Great Again'...," the Us or Else rapper captioned the post.
See members of the hip-hop community including Missy Elliott, Juicy J, Plies, J.I.D, Russell Simmons and more react to the senseless violence that took place over the weekend below.
See 19 Rappers Who Were Shot While They Were in the Spotlight


text:
Original Handwoven Hat by Esther Atabongo
Baba Tree Original Handwoven Hat
The Baba Tree Basket Co. offers unique, handwoven African baskets and hats. Wide selection of colors, styles and sizes.
Made from all natural materials and woven in Bolga by Baba Tree's incredible artisan weavers, these unique African Hats are practical and fashionable.
For those who are fanatical about hats, know about the magic in hats and will wear hats everywhere they go because they know...that hats are where it's at.
PLEASE NOTE: ALL SALES ON HATS ARE FINAL. IF YOU PURCHASE A HAT, IT CANNOT BE RETURNED. We encourage you to measure your head accurately.
WEAVER: Esther Atabongo
SPECS: Circumference 23" Height 5"
Our weavers are paid well for weaving our hats, they will receive 5% of the retail price as a commission in addition to what they were initially paid.
You will receive the hat in the picture. In our photos, hats are presented by the weavers who created them.
ZONE 1 (Canada, USA, Europe, Africa) - $17.50 USD per basket. Free Shipping for orders over $450.00 USD
ZONE 2 (Australia, New Zealand, Mid-East, Far-East, South America, Central America including Mexico, and the Caribbean) - $20.00 USD per basket. Free Shipping for orders over $500.00 USD
Please note the possibility of paying sales tax and duties. Visit our "Shipping & Payments" page to see shipping transit times to your country.


text:
Governor Inslee has called a 30-day Special Session to begin on May 13th so that lawmakers can complete their unfinished work on the 2013-15 state budget. One of the major sticking points in ongoing budget negotiations is the House's controversial decision to propose more than $1 billion in job killing tax increases. This despite an estimated $2 billion increase in forecasted revenue growth, voters' 64% statewide approval for the fifth time of the requirement for tax increases to receive a 2/3 vote, and Governor Inslee's campaign promise that he would not seek tax increases. With that in mind, here are five things lawmakers should focus on as they work to finish the budget:
- Keep the promise that "temporary" taxes will be temporary. Lawmakers promised taxpayers in 2010 that several "temporary" tax increases they enacted would expire on June 30, 2013. Business owners across the state have built this into their financial planning and expect our political leaders to keep their word. Though Governor Inslee has sought to redefine the definition of "tax increase" to exclude breaking the promise of allowing temporary tax increases to expire, at a minimum making "temporary" taxes permanent breaks faith with Washingtonians and should be avoided.
- Listen to the clear will of voters on taxes. On five separate occasions over the past 20 years the people of Washington have consistently said they want lawmakers to agree on a broad-based bipartisan supermajority vote to raise taxes, or they should send proposed tax increases to the voters for approval. Regardless of the Supreme Court's action striking down that restriction, the Legislature should at a minimum refer any tax increases that can't secure a supermajority vote to the people for approval.
- Avoid budget gimmicks. To avoid the possibility of further action needed to re-balance the budget in the near future and to protect the state's credit rating, lawmakers should avoid relying on budget moves like dedicated fund raids, agency reversions, and a small unrestricted ending fund balance. The focus should be on aligning ongoing increases in state spending with ongoing increases in forecasted tax revenue.
- Save the protected emergency reserve for a true budget emergency. Voters wisely created a constitutionally protected emergency budget reserve in 2007 because lawmakers were unable to restrain themselves from using it for non-emergency spending. With more than $2 billion in forecasted revenue growth and a still-tentative economy, now is not the time to raid the state's small emergency reserve fund. Leave the emergency reserve for a true emergency.
- Adopt a performance-based budget that really balances over four years. The 2013-15 state budget is the first one that is subject to the state's new four-year balanced budget requirement. Past budgets projected shortfalls the day after the regular two-year budget period ended. Along with linking spending to real performance outcomes (as several provisos in the House and Senate budgets currently do), lawmakers should ensure the final 2013-15 budget has a "clean" balance sheet with no gimmicks, defensible revenue assumptions and enough reserves to be truly in balance for four-years.


text:
I've been drinking pumpkin beer and eating sandwiches on pumpkin bread. I've been using pumpkin puree to get Elliot to eat his medicine. I've been pinning pumpkin-painting ideas. To say, I'm totally in love with pumpkin is an understatement. I just really hope you guys aren't totally over it, because these crepes are super good. They're worth breakfasting on, it's the truth.
These would be extra awesome with a maple cream cheese filling. I served mine with brown sugar and goat cheese though. Breakfast is important, and since I wake up hungry I have no time to be running to the store in my will-nilly pajama situation to get maple syrup and cream cheese. Next time, I'll be ready though. And believe me, there will be a next time.
Pumpkin Crepes (makes 13ish)
Adapted from my go-to recipe
crepes –
- 2 cups milk
- 2 T butter, plus more for cooking
- 2 eggs
- 1/2 cup pumpkin puree
- 1 t vanilla
- 1 1/2 cups flour
- 1 T sugar
- 1/2 t baking powder
- 1/2 t salt
- 1 t cinnamon
- 1/4 t ginger
- 1/4 t nutmeg
- pinch cloves
- brown sugar
- goat cheese
- powdered sugar
- Other filling options: maple cream cheese frosting, nutella, sweetened ricotta, greek yogurt and honey, whipped cream
- In a small saucepan over medium-low heat warm the milk and butter until the butter's almost melted. Stir melted completely. Transfer to a medium bowl. Whisk in the eggs, pumpkin puree, and vanilla.
- In a large bowl, whisk together flour, sugar, baking powder, salt and spices.
- Add the wet ingredients to the dry and whisk until smooth and no lumps remain.
- Meanwhile heat a crepe pan or nonstick skillet at medium heat. Melt a teaspoon of butter on the pan. Pour batter into the pan 1/3 cup at a time twirling the pan so the crepe batter thins and spreads out covering the pan. Flip when top is almost set. Remove from pan 30 seconds after flipping and place on a cookie sheet in a 200 degree oven. Feel free to melt butter on your pan every few crepes to prevent sticking. I found that doing this just once at the beginning was enough.
- When all crepes are done, sprinkle brown sugar and goat cheese in each crepe, and roll up and place seam side down on a plate. Sprinkle with powdered sugar and eat 7!
Yay! Click HERE for a printable pdf of the recipe above.
Elliot's in charge of crumb control.


text:
Did you just lock your keys in the car?
Have you searched everywhere and didn't find your car keys?
Call now: 310-699-3733
Perhaps you have shifted to an area where car theft is the order of the day and now you want to beef up your car's security.
Call us immediately for:
• Restore your lost car keys• Disengage your door and car lockout
• Extract and remove a broken key from your car locks
• Open your car and retrieve your keys
• Attend to an emergency
• Solve issues to do with your switchblade key or transponder chip or key
• Repair or replace your ignition car keys
• Program your high security smart keys
• Unlock trunk lock
• Replace a duplicate of your car key
• Activate and program your transponder key
• Cut any car key
• Open your safe, mailbox, door locks and solve other locksmith issues.
Santa Clarita Automotive Locksmith Services Call now: 310-699-3733
No matter where you live in Santa Clarita, our company will reach out to you when you call. We are preferred by many people in this area because of the way we help save their time and money. Our services are competitively priced and we have emergency vehicles that transport our technicians to where you are.
If your car key is stolen or misplaced in any other way, do not just tow it home.
Gives us a call through this phone number: 310-699-3733
All types of vehicles are welcome at Santa Clarita car locksmith!
Our automotive key locksmith services are flexible. First of all, we can offer you laser keys, high security keys, proximity keys, keyless remotes, key programming, smart keys, transponder keys and a lot more. We do not mind Whether you have Infiniti, Toyota, , Ford, Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Mercedes, Buick, Chevy,Honda, Subaru, Volvo, Harley Davidson, Isuzu, Suzuki, Nissan, Kawasaki, Volkswagen, Ducati, Yamaha, Hyundai, Kia, Land Rover, Mazda, GM, Saab, Mitsubishi, Lexus, Jaguar among others.
Our technical staff
We know just how sensitive car key locksmith jobs are. So we only employ properly trained, certified and competent technicians. We also make sure they have good communication and interaction skills.
Our workers are courteous and always ready to listen and help you with any car lock issue. They are available around the clock for seven days a week.
Locations We Serve:
San Fernando Valley
Granada Hills, West Hills, North Hills, Mission Hills, Northridge, Sylmar, Porter Ranch, Reseda, Chatsworth, Canoga Park, Van Nuys, Woodland Hills, Hidden Hills, Santa Clarita, Stevenson Ranch, Calabasas, Tarzana, Encino, Arleta, Sunland, Tujunga, Sherman Oaks, Studio City, Valley Village, Valley Glen, North Hollywood, Universal City, Burbank, Toluca Lake.
Los Angeles
Los Angeles, West Hollywood, Beverly Glen, Beverly Hills, Bel Air, Baldwin Hills, Los Feliz, Silver Lake, Echo Park, Hollywood ,Hollywood Hills, Rampart Village, Westlake Village, Culver City, Century City, Cheviot Hills, Brentwood, Santa Monica, Malibu, Pacific Palisades, Mar Vista, Inglewood, Hawthorne, El Segundo, Lawndale, Carson, Harbor City, Lomita, Westchester, Torrance, Gardena, Manhattan Beach, Redondo Beach, Palos Verdes Estates, Rolling Hills, Long Beach, Santa Clarita, Bellflower, Lakewood, Paramount, Lynwood, South Gate, Pico Rivera, Hunnington Park, Silver Lake, Glendale, Rossmoyne, Glennwood, Grandview, Verdugo Woodlands, Oakmont, Chevy Chase, North Arroyo, Highland Park, La Canada Flintridge, La Crescenta- Montrose, Pasadena, Altadena, San Gabriel, Alhambra, Rosemead, Monterey Park, Pico Rivera, Bell Gardens, Downey.
Ventura County
Agoura Hills, Oak Park, Thousand oaks, Newbury Park, Simi Valley, Moorpark, Camarillo.
Orange County
Whittier, La Habra, West Covina, Le Puente, Montebello, El Monte, Arcadia, Baldwin Park, Glendora, Rancho Cucamonga.


text:
Dear FSU Members,
The Faculty-Staff Union expresses our grief and anger in response to the recent mass shooting in Atlanta and wishes to express solidarity with all Asian Americans and Asians who have experienced racial and gendered violence. We understand the historical roots and contemporary manifestations of anti-Asian violence, and recognize how foundational violence towards, and exclusion of, Asian Americans and Asians is in the history of white supremacy in the United States.
For now the FSU wants above all to articulate our horror and sadness at this tragedy and urge members to reach out to us if they feel targeted or discriminated against in any way. There is much work to be done in the face of this terrible event and the FSU aspires to stand in support of those who bear the brunt of such injustice.
From the Faculty Staff Union Executive Committee
For information on the FSU, links to our contract and bargaining updates, and a calendar of events, see the FSU webpage


text:
Last modified: 2006-01-21 by rick wyatt
Keywords: united states | serapis | john paul jones | franklin | benjamin franklin | john adams |
Links: FOTW homepage |
search |
disclaimer and copyright |
write us |
image by Dave Martucci, 7 December 1997
image by Rick Wyatt, 24 July 2001
See also:
This is the flag used on board the captured British ship "Serapis" in 1779, Captain John Paul Jones. This ship was captured following the famous sea battle between the "Serapis" and the "Bonhomme Richard" in which the latter's flag staff was blown away; the British Captain asked if Jones had struck his colors; and Jones replied "Struck, Sir? I have not yet begun to fight!" The "Bonhomme Richard" was so badly damaged that it sank with its colors flying. After putting into the Dutch port of Texel for refitting, the British authorities in the Netherlands demanded Jones be arrested as a pirate since he flew no known flag. The Dutch replied that they would consult their archives. Sometime between then and a few days later when they replied to the British that they had evidence in their files that the flag used on the "Serapis" was a recognized flag and that Jones would be allowed to refit, a painting of this flag (and that of the Alliance) was made. Besides the unconventional use of blue stripes as well as white and red, if you examine the painting closely you will see there are 12 eight pointed stars and one seven pointed star on the flag. It is also nearly square.
Dave Martucci, 6 December 1997
In a letter dated October 9, 1778, Benjamin Franklin and John Adams described this flag to the Ambassador of the King of the Two Sicilies. It is the flag later known as the "Serapis" flag. While Benjamin Franklin was the U.S. ambassador to Paris in 1777, John Paul Jones was creating so much havoc on the high seas with his raids on the British Merchant Marine and coastal villages that the Admiralty issued orders to have him hung as a pirate if he could be captured. The reason given for the order was a legalistic one -- he did not fly the flag of any recognized nation. While Ambassador Franklin pondered possible solutions to this problem, the Dutch Ambassador, acting for his government, asked for a description of the United States Flag. As far as Mr. Franklin knew, no national flag existed. Nevertheless, he gave his visitor a description of what we now call the "Franklin or Serapis Flag." This description was sent to the Dutch Fleet, along with the orders that it be recognized on the high seas. Shortly afterwards, the Ambassador of the two Sicily's came to call, making the same request. He also received a description of the flag, and forwarded similar orders to his country's fleet. Mr. Franklin, then apparently, had the flag made and sent to Jones so that it could be flown at his ships' masthead. By doing this, he could avoid being treated as a pirate by other countries. Thus the United States, through it's Navy, was first given official recognition by foreign countries. Meanwhile a ship from the United States was on its way to Paris with a notice that a "Resolve" of Congress of June 14, 1777, had adopted the now familiar "Stars and Stripes." No one knows who designed or made this flag for Mr. Franklin. The "Franklin Flag" that was given for foreign recognition before the first
national flag was adopted was similar to the one we know today. Its colors are red, white and blue, and it had thirteen stripes and thirteen white eight-pointed stars on a blue background.
Blas Delgado Ortiz, 27 July 2001


text:
Descrizione Prodotto
Septilin stimulates phagocytosis by macrophage activation, increases the polymorphonuclear cells and helps overcome infection. Septilin builds up resistance to infection and helps prevent re-infection. Septilin augments granulocyte-macrophage differentiation, natural killer cell activity and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Septilin's stimulatory effect on the humoral immunity increases the antibody-forming cells, thereby enhancing the secretion of antibodies into the circulation. Septilin also augments the synthesis of erythropoietic and granulopoietic precursor cells, stab cells and primary myelocytes.
Septilin syrup and tablets are useful when the following symptoms are displayed:
* As a daily health supplement in infection-prone individuals
* In the management of:
- Upper respiratory tract infections
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Allergic disorders of upper respiratory tract
- Skin and soft tissue infections and inflammations
- Dental and periodontal infections
- Infective and inflammatory conditions of the eye
- Bone and joint infections
- Urinary tract infections.


text:
Jeff points me to a paper by Chandler McClellan and Erdal Tekin which begins as follows:
The controversies surrounding Stand Your Ground laws have recently captured the nation's attention. Since 2005, eighteen states have passed laws extending the right to self-defense with no duty to retreat to any place a person has a legal right to be, and several additional states are debating the adoption of similar legislation. Despite the implications that these laws may have for public safety, there has been little empirical investigation of their impact on crime and victimization. In this paper, we use monthly data from the U.S. Vital Statistics to examine how Stand Your Ground laws affect homicides. We identify the impact of these laws by exploiting variation in the effective date of these laws across states. Our results indicate that Stand Your Ground laws are associated with a significant increase in the number of homicides among whites, especially white males. According to our estimates, between 4.4 and 7.4 additional white males are killed each month as a result of these laws. We find no evidence to suggest that these laws increase homicides among blacks. Our results are robust to a number of specifications and unlikely to be driven entirely by the killings of assailants. Taken together, our findings
raise serious doubts against the argument that Stand Your Ground laws make America safer.
I don't really trust their regressions. I mean, sure, 5 additional homicides per month is as good an estimate as any, but the conclusions are coming from the data, which McClellan and Tekin display reasonably well:
I think one would want to understand these wavy ups and downs in the curves before making any definitive pronouncements.
From a policy standpoint, I guess it's no surprise that Stand Your Ground laws could be associated with an increase in homicide. After all, these laws aren't really enacted as a homicide-control measure, right? It's more the opposite, that they legalize certain violence that used to be criminal. I could imagine Stand Your Ground decreasing homicide in some sort of deterrence effect, but that would seem to me to be a bit of a bank-shot of an effect, hoping that legalizing some acts of violence would decrease others. It's possible but I wouldn't bet on it. To put it another way, even if Stand Your Ground laws really did increase homicides, I could imagine people still supporting the laws on the grounds that some of these homicides were justifiable. I suppose that would be the next stage of research but it would take a lot more effort as it would have to investigate the story of each homicide.


text:
gifts for her
MG Rewards: Are You Ready To Get Pampered?
There's nothing more rewarding than gifting your loved ones with personalized gifts; and the rewards are even better with a program like MG Rewards. MG Rewards is a free customer rewards program, exclusively designed by our team at MemorableGifts.com to acknowledge our loyal customers. All you need to do is register for an account on our site and you automatically earn reward points on your every purchase. Our MG reward points value your gesture of giving; making every dollar you spend on our site worthwhile!
The points get accumulated in your account and can be redeemed on your future purchases on our site. On your next purchase, you will be given an opportunity to use your reward points and our system will deduct price equivalent to the value of your accumulated reward points from your total cost. It's that easy. And the best part is you don't have to do anything special to enjoy the discounted prices!
You can check the total number of MG reward points that you have earned by logging into your memorable gifts account and selecting "View Your MG Rewards Points". Knowing the total amount of reward points that have been accumulated proves helpful in planning future purchases from our engraved gifts, gifts for her, gifts for him, and other unique categories of gift collections.
Our MG Rewards is more than just a program; it's our way of saying thanks for placing your trust in us. Find more details about it on our MG Rewards page and start earning those brownie points from today!


text:
Norwalk Hospital Florist
Only the freshest flowers and the best delivery service from your local florist will do for our customers at Norwalk Hospital. Your satisfaction is our number one priority at Bruce's Flowers. We offer same day delivery in Norwalk, CT or nationwide. Let our florist create the perfect gift of flowers or plants to send get well wishes.


text:
SHIPPING to UNITED STATES, CANADA and AUSTRALIA ONLY other countries click here
Your cart is currently empty.
© 2024 Seven Sirens Studios
Sign up for our mailing list to receive new product alerts, special offers, and coupon codes.
Nautical Marine Vintage Map Seahorse Triton Art Mug 11oz
11oz Height, in 3.75 Diameter, in 3.15 11oz Height, in 3.75 Diameter, in 3.15 Perfect for coffee, tea and hot chocolate, this classic shape white, durable ceramic mug in the most popular size. High quality sublimation printing makes it an appreciated gift to every true hot beverage lover. .: White ceramic .: 11 oz (0.33 l) .: Rounded corners .: C-Handle


text:
Software Policy
Software, such as GUIs and Presets for our processors, is available on each processor's product page.
Software as a product, such as ScreenBuilder, Navigator, IP-Meters, Scheduler, ConsoleBuilder, WheatNet-IP Driver, WheatNet-IP Logic Viewer, BLADE-3 Clip Player, GLASS-E, GLASS LXE, Remote LXE, Virtual Dimension Three, StreamBlade, VoxPro, and dedicated console/Blade software is available only through Wheatstone sales and support, by calling 252-638-7000 and/or by contacting your sales person directly.
You can also contact us via e-mail at email@example.com.


text:
13 mm Wall distance
Mount your TV flat to the wall. Only 13 mm wall distance, like your TV is a part of the wall itself.
Experience the unobtrusive design, smart engineering and high quality of the Ultra Slim Line made with durable materials.
Mount your TV flat to the wall. Only 13 mm wall distance, like your TV is a part of the wall itself.
Hang your TV flush to the wall to create a modern look in your living room. Thanks to its minimalistic design it will make a fabulous choice in your home!
No extra pair of hands needed. Click your TV easily into the mount with the integrated lock and release mechanism. Should you have to remove your TV from the wall, just unlock and release.
The level of the bracket can be adjusted with a screwdriver after installation. You can always be sure your TV is straight.
All mounting materials such as screws, spirit level, concrete anchors and spacers are delivered with the wall mount for a quick and straightforward setup.
*Please select a TV bracket based on VESA and weight compatibility primarily and use the screen size as an indication.


text:
– raw, vegan, gluten-free, grain-free –
Don't let the lack of color fool you with this crust. The title indicates that it is chocolaty, yet it is pale in color?! That's because I used cacao butter instead of the powder. I did a very informative post (here) if you want to read up on where it comes from, the health benefits, and so forth.
There are many wonderful recipes that you can create using raw pie crusts. Everything in between sweet and savory. With this recipe or any of the others, you can either make it for an instant dessert creation, or you can store blank crusts in the freezer for future inspiration.
Just remove them from the freezer and load them up with your favorite fillings. For a few ideas, you could use cheesecake fillings, raw chocolate pudding, blended Young Thai coconut meat, fresh fruit, or even savory ingredients.
There isn't an answer to this because the possibilities are quite endless. Pie pans, Springform pans, baking pans, tart pans… be creative and start to look outside of the "pan" for ideas.
If using a pie pan and plan on serving it straight from there, I would lightly dust the pan with finely ground nuts or oat flour. If you use Springform pans or tart pans, wrap the base with plastic wrap.
I, for one, am not going to stop you. :) But seriously, of course, you can. You can use any nut and/or dried fruit, but before you do, stop and think about what the end flavor will be and will it compliment the filling. I always recommend adding salt because it helps to elevate the flavors.
With this recipe, I can make a flat crust for a 6″ pan. The larger the pan, the thinner the crust. Don't go too thin or it won't hold up. If you want to go up the sides of the pan, you will need to double the recipe. Or I can make 2 (4″) tart pan crusts. It can be enjoyed instantly or dehydrated.
Yields 1 cup crust batter
Freezer option:
Dehydrate option:


text:
Praseodymium - chemical symbol Pr, atomic number 59 - is a soft, silvery, metallic, corrosion resistant, paramagnetic, chemical element in the group of lanthanides (rare earth metals).
Online available information resources about the chemistry and physics of praseodymium and the praseodymium compounds.
Further information categories about related topics are listed in the navigation menu on the left side of these page.
Praseodymium, PrChemical and physical properties. Webelements, UK - [e]
Praseodymium, PrChemical and physical properties; comprehensive data. Environmental Chemistry, USA - [e]
Praseodymium, PrChemical and physical properties of Praseodymium. Visual Elements, Chemsoc, UK - [e]
Atomic Data for Praseodymium, PrThis handbook is designed to provide a selection of the most important and frequently used atomic spectroscopic data in an easily accessible format. Basic Atomic Spectroscopic Data. NIST, USA - [e]
Isotopes of PraseodymiumOverview, data and properties of the Pr nuclides.
X-ray properties of PraseodymiumPeriodic table of X-ray properties: Edge energies; edge jumps; fluorescence yield. CSRRI, USA - [e]
Discovery of Praseodymium IsotopesFor each isotope a brief synopsis of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method. Article, 2011 - Format: PDF - [e]
Actinides(III)-Lanthanides Group Separation from Nitric AcidIn this paper, extractants are presented which made it possible to separate actinides(III) and lanthanides from strong nitric acid solutions (0.05 - 1 mol/L) - Format: PDF - [e]
LanthanidesLecture notes: Introduction to the Lanthanides. Wiley - Format: PDF - [e]
Lanthanides and ActinidesLecture notes in Inorganic Chemistry. S. J. Heyes, Oxford, UK - [e]
Lanthanides and ActinidesGeneral Information. Radiochemistry Society, USA - [e]
Lanthanides in Organic SynthesisLecture notes. Princeton University, USA - Format: PDF - [e]
Luminescent Lanthanides HomepageThe lanthanides are a special group of elements within the periodic table. Their trivalent cations emit light at well-defined wavelengths. A characteristic of this lanthanide luminescence are the long decay times - [e]
Praseodymium and praseodymium compounds: information and available productsDatabase search form for praseodymium and praseodymium compounds: properties, safety data, available products etc. - [d, e]
Praseodymium MineralsThe Mineralogy of Praseodymium. Webmineral - [e]
Rare EarthsStatistics and Information on the worldwide supply of, demand for, and flow of minerals and materials essential to the U.S. economy, the national security, and protection of the environment. USGS - [e]
Toxicological and cytophysiological aspects of lanthanides actionLanthanides constitute an interesting group of 15 elements with similar physicochemical properties, which change periodically with the atomic number ... - Format: PDF - [e]
Sparkle Model for the Calculation of Rare Earth ComplexesLanthanide complexes structure and properties calculations using the sparkle model in the semi empirical molecular orbital package MOPAC2009. Prediction of geometries, infrared and UV-Vis absorption spectra, pKa of hydroxyl hydrogens, etc - [e]
Simon Cotton
Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry
This book is the only introduction into the exciting chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides. The book is based on a number of courses on "f elements". The author has a long experience in teaching this field of chemistry. Lanthanides have become very common elements in research and technology applications; this book offers the basic knowledge. The book offers insights into a vast range of applications, from lasers to synthesis. "The Inorganic Chemistry: A Textbook" series reflects the pivotal role of modern inorganic and physical chemistry in a whole range of emerging areas, such as materials chemistry, green chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry, as well as providing a solid grounding in established areas such as solid state chemistry, coordination chemistry, main group chemistry and physical inorganic chemistry. "Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry" is a one volume account of the Lanthanides (including scandium and yttrium), the Actinides and the Transactinide elements, intended as an introductory treatment for undergraduate and postgraduate students. The principal features of these elements are set out in detail, enabling clear comparison and contrast with the Transition Elements and Main Group metals. The book covers: the extraction of the elements from their ores and their purification, as well as the synthesis of the man made elements; the properties of the elements and principal binary compounds; detailed accounts of their coordination chemistry and organometallic chemistry, from both preparative and structural viewpoints, with a clear explanation of the factors responsible for the adoption of particular coordination numbers; spectroscopy and magnetism, especially for the lanthanides, with case studies and accounts of applications in areas like magnetic resonance imaging, lasers and luminescence; and, nuclear separations and problems in waste disposal for the radioactive elements, particularly in the context of plutonium. Latest developments are covered in areas like the synthesis of the latest man made elements, whilst there is a whole chapter on the application of lanthanide compounds in synthetic organic chemistry. End of chapter questions suitable for tutorial discussions are provided, whilst there is a very comprehensive bibliography providing ready access to further reading on all topics.
Wiley-VCH; 2006