text:
Window Air Conditioner
Our window conditioner has a cooling capacity of 12.6kW and is powered by a 0.6hp energy-effient compressor. It features a number of functions that can be activated on the LED control panel or through the remote control. These functions include a
3-speed cooling/fan mode, auto swing function, 24-hour timer and sleep mode. The unit only requires a 10A power socket to work and is suitable for room sizes of up to 12m虏. There is a 2-year warranty on the product.
* 1.6kW cooling capacity
* LED control panel
* 3-speed cooling/ fan mode
* Auto swing function
* Sleep mode
* 24-hour timer
* Operating temperature: 16-31°C
* Suitable to cool rooms up to 12m虏
* Highly efficient compressor
* Corrosion resistant copper tubes
* Removable mesh filter
* Simple installation
* Standard Australian 10A plug
* Remote control included
* Brand: Devanti
* Type: Window/ Wall Box
* Cooling capacity: 1.6kW
* Rated voltage: 220V 鈥?240V
* Rated frequency: 50Hz
* Horsepower: 0.6hp
* Energy rating cooling: 1.5 stars
* Cooling power input: 500W
* Indoor airflow volume: 420m鲁/h
* Refrigerant/ Charge: R410A/ 0.320kg
* Operation temperature: 16 – 31°C
* Ambient temperature 鈥?Cooling: 18 – 43°C
* Application area: 1-12m虏
* Noise Level 鈥?Indoor/ Outdoor: 54dB(A)/62dB(A)
* Outdoor unit waterproof rating: IPX4
* Overall dimensions (W x D x H): 47cm x 52cm x 36cm
* Cable length: 215cm
* Warranty: 2 years
* Colour: White
Package Content:
1 x Window Air Conditioner
1 x Remote Control
1 x User Manual


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Hilton Hills Homes for Sale - Roswell, GA
Hilton Hills Homes for Sale Hilton Hills Real Estate Agent Your Home's Value
Search all of the homes for sale in Hilton Hills in Roswell, GA here. If you would like more information on any of these Hilton Hills real estate listings, just click the "Request More Information" button when viewing the details of that property. You can also "Schedule a Showing" if you are ready to go see a home. Use the tools on the website to save your favorite homes in Hilton Hills as favorites and even share them with others! Search homes for sale in Hilton Hills by map, school, neighborhood, price, style of home, and more. Simply click the "Refine Results" button to get started.
Hilton Hills Homes For Sale
Note: Hilton Hills is a small neighborhood. There may not be any homes currently for sale. If you are very interested in this neighborhood, please contact us on the form below and we can see if there is a way to find any home for you to see in Hilton Hills. Search all homes for sale in Roswell here.
Get notified when matching listings become available. We also have found more listings nearby within 1 mile of this community.
Listing information last updated on July 19, 2024 at 8:15 AM EST.
Contact Us To Sell Your Home - 404-630-3187
Roswell is a very competitive real estate market. When you choose a real estate agent for the job to sell your home in, ensure your agent is knowledgeable about the national real estate market, the overall area, the hyperlocal market, has a clearly defined marketing plan, and a proven track record of home sales. A real estate agent in today's market will be able to effectively use the internet and social media, host impressive open houses, provide you with professional photography, ensure your home is staged well, and consult you on proper pricing to sell your home for the most money in the least amount of time. Contact us to learn more about how your home can benefit from a combination of traditional and powerful internet marketing to place your home for sale in front of a much larger audience of potential buyers. No obligation - contact us now to learn more below or take a look at our marketing page to learn even more about what we will do to sell your home.
Back to homes for sale

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Awa is 19 – and pregnant. She lives in a West African country, where she is constantly at risk of contracting malaria. This tropical disease can be fatal and people in poorer countries are particularly vulnerable. Effective, safe treatments for malaria do exist, but these are not suitable for pregnant women. Awa can protect herself with mosquito nets and preventive therapy, but as certain malaria pathogens grow more resistant, preventive therapy is no longer effective in some areas. New products must therefore be researched and developed. That said, potential customers have limited financial resources at their disposal. Thus the incentive for the pharmaceutical industry to invest in this is low. This is precisely where the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) comes in.
Capitalising on its many years of experience, it supports new partnerships between pharmaceutical companies, public research bodies and other actors. They have already successfully developed a range of affordable products to fight diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and sleeping sickness. So what are the results so far? Even people living in poverty are now able to get the medicines they need. But before Awa can benefit from these products, they have to be approved in her country. SDC supports accelerated quality approval procedures in partner countries. It also advocates health insurance models that are within everyone's reach. Health is a human right, but one that is not guaranteed for more than a billion people. The health inequalities that persist today are a violation of human rights. And yet other things too are required in order for Awa and her son to be healthy and remain healthy: clean air, clean water, soil free of pollution, a balanced diet and sufficient exercise are also important.
SDC – Switzerland taking action.


text:
Good afternoon!
Thanks for being patient with me as I get this lengthy recap post up! :) We went a little crazy with pictures last night, so there were a ton to sort through! Everyone wanted to try out Eric's camera. :D
I wish I could show you the pictures of my 3 nephews and niece…they are so so so adorable!! As I have said before, I don't post any pictures of children on the internet (something I feel strongly about) to protect their privacy. So just picture the cutest lil' monsters possible and you'd have my niece and nephews! lol
We had such a ball yesterday and I just soaked up every minute with them. :D I got them these 4 puzzles which kept them entertained for about 30 minutes. lol. I swear they were better than Eric and I at putting them together! I guess we are rusty…
I also gave them each a box of my Glo Bars (they are OBSESSED with them!) and they were munching on them all day and night.
Here is a fun 'centrepiece' that I made that was quite the hit at the party yesterday! Eric and I didn't have the money to spend on flowers so we simply took some from the garden. I thought some floating flowers would be a neat idea. Everyone really liked it!
I made about 5 of these in various sizes and scattered them in the kitchen and on the dining room table. It was a fun touch!
Our first mixed drink was mixed up by my sister Kerrie. She brought along this wonderful margarita mixer set. We decided on the pink grapefruit flavour. She added the bottle of the mix, along with tons of ice, and a ton of tequila. ;) It was lovely but very sweet. My two sisters, Kristi + Kerrie and I each had one and were ready to move onto a different drink. I think I had about half of this drink.
Our second drink was my Watermelon Rosemary Granita concoction. I added a bunch of ice and some vodka and blended it.
Kristi and I:
It was funny we both showed up with large earrings that matched our shirts! ;)
We couldn't make our minds up on this drink. I think I put WAY too much rosemary in and Kerrie said she thought that she was eating 'lamb'. LOL. I think it would have been much nicer without so much rosemary (I think I added 3 sprigs! lol). The good thing about this drink was that it wasn't very sweet which we liked. I hate tons of sugar in drinks. It gives me a bad headache.
Our 3rd drink was another cantaloupe creation. I figured I had so much success with the last one, I would try another variation.
I added 1/2 cantaloupe, 1/3 frozen pink lemonade concentrate, ice, and several glugs of tequila for good measure.
Kerrie should be OSG's 'stager', no?? ;)
This drink was our favourite out of all three. At this point I was pretty much 'sugared out' though, so I again only had about half the drink. After this drink, I moved onto Corona- one of my favourite 'go to' beers.
Some of you were asking what I was doing with my beer upside down. After you put the lemon into the Corona, you can stick your thumb in it, flip it upside down, and let the lemon float through the beer. This distributes the lemony flavour throughout the drink. My thumbs aren't big enough though so it always squirts out the sides. Classy lady, I know!
I did one shot all night long, so it wasn't too bad. On the menu was a Banana Liquor. My family and banana liquor go way back and it's kind of an inside joke with us, so my brother Chris always tries to bring it to our parties.
So all in all, I had 1.5 mixed drinks, 1 Corona, and 1 shot. That was IT! I was so very proud of myself for not over-doing it and woke up with no hangover this morning. Quite a rarity for me at times!
Now onto the FOOD of the evening!
Some prep pictures…
Regular cheese on the left, soy cheese on the right. The soy cheese tasted quite lovely. Everyone was surprised at how good it tasted.
The slow cooker roast stew:
Slow Cooker Stew
Adapted from Simply Organic by J. Cool
- 1 large sweet onion, chopped
- 5 carrots, chopped
- 3 cups mushrooms, chopped
- 1 28oz can diced tomatoes
- 1 cup ketchup
- 2 T Honey Dijon mustard
- 2 T Worcestershire sauce
- 1/4 t fine grain sea salt
- freshly ground black pepper
- 1 chuck roast (2-3 pounds)
Directions: Add the onion, carrots, mushrooms, garlic, and tomatoes into the slow cooker. Stir. In a small bowl, mix together the sauce ingredients: Ketchup, Dijon, Worcestershire, salt + pepper. Pour half of the sauce over the vegetables in the slow cooker. Add the roast and then baste the roast with the rest of the sauce. Cook on low for 8-9 hours, covering the roast with liquid every hour or so (time permitting). Serves 6-8 people.
I made some of the sauce separate from the slow cooker roast so I could try it too. I wasn't over the moon about it, but it was good. The sauce is sweet (from the ketchup) so if you enjoy a sweeter sauce you would probably like this one. It was great for the kids because they loved the sweetness of it.
The vegetable cobbler:
I would have given this vegetable cobbler recipe a 10 star rating had it not been too liquidy! Next time I make this stew I would cut the amount of liquid in half. It was simply too 'soupy' on the inside.
Vegan Summer Vegetable Cobbler
Crust (on top):
- 1.5 All Purpose Flour
- 1/4 cup whole wheat flour
- 2.5 t baking powder
- 1/2 t salt
- 1/4-1/2 cayenne spice
- 1/2 cup finely chopped parsley
- 4 T Butter (I used Earth Balance)
- 1 Cup shredded cheddar cheese (I used soy cheese)
- 1 cup Almond breeze + 1/4 t vinegar (a vegan way to replicate buttermilk)
- 4 T Butter (I used Earth Balance)
- 1 small onion finely chopped
- 3 T AP Flour
- 2 cups vegetable broth (Next time I'd use 1 cup!!!)
- 2 T fresh sage
- 4-5 cups vegetables in season (I used 1 zucchini, 1 red pepper, 1 yellow pepper, and 1 eggplant)
- 1/2 t fine grain sea salt
- Freshly ground black pepper
- 1 cup shredded cheese (I used soy)
Preheat oven to 375F and lightly grease a 3-3.5 quart casserole dish.
CRUST: Mix the dry ingredients, then the butter and cheese, and finally wisk in the 'buttermilk'. Place in fridge with you prepare the filling.
FILLING: Chop all veggies into small pieces. In a large saucepan, combine the butter and flour and stir until it thickens. Next add the veggie broth and keep stirring. After about 5 mins. when it has thickened up nicely, add all the chopped veggies. Stir, stir, stir. Transfer the veggie mixture into the casserole dish. Sprinkle with half of the cheese. Now take the 'crust' mixture from the fridge and spoon it onto the top of the veggie mixture. Finish by sprinkling the top with the remaining cheese. I found the crust mixture made way too much, so next time I would probably only use half (or just half the crust recipe above).
Bake for 45-50 minutes. During the last 10 minutes of cooking, switch to the broil setting on low-medium so you can crisp the crust.
Recipe Adapted from Simply Organic by J. Cool.
A basic salad with walnuts, tomatoes, cukes, and zucchini:
As you can probably see, the plates were quite soupy. :( Next time, I would serve the stew in a bowl, but we ran out since we used the bowls for salad. Ah well, can't win em all!
This was my plate below: Salad, 1 slice vegan garlic bread, some veggie stew, and the veggie cobbler. Click to enlarge.
I had seconds of the cobbler…yum!
Later on, I served my Vegan Banana Chocolate Chip cake with a vegan banana 'buttercream' frosting. I garnished it with some flowers. :) Everyone really loved the cake. I didn't have any because I wasn't feeling the sugar, but I had a slice today and it was lovely. :)
You'd think there was about 50 of us drinking last night! Nope, just 7…lol.
The 'newlyweds' as they still call us. :)
Oh- for those of you who asked my shirt is from BEBE. I have one in green too. When I find a shirt I like (which is quite rare) I buy it in different colours. ;) I love, love, love the cut and style of this shirt.
More 'seester' shots:
The late night munchies. My brother brought out the chips in a POT. We are by no means a froofy-fancy family! :D
I had some chips and salsa and some of those amazing PC BBQ rib chips I reviewed a couple weeks ago.
Wii all night long until 1:30am. I ROCKED this golf game that we played and I am now obsessed with it! Tiger step aside!!!
Well folks, I need to wrap up this mammoth recap post!
I didn't have my green monster this morning and I am really missing it. I will definitely be having one tonight! We're quite tired today as the lil 'monsters' woke us up very early this morning! ;) Hopefully the green monster will give me some pep to my step.
Saturday morning I was able to squeeze in a 45 min. treadmill workout which was nice. No workout yet today. I may or may not do some light walking on the treadmill tonight but I'm not sure. The weather is storming here AGAIN today so we can't get outside! Ugh, when will the rain end???
I am also going to try to do this awesome 10 minute body blasting boot camp!!!
Today's question:
Do you ever get together with family and party? Does it ever get crazy & what do you do?
I love partying with family. It tends to be pretty tame these days, but man we used to have some wild nights in the past! lol. Eric had his first introduction to my dad and brother Chris at one family party. Let's just say they sat Eric down at dinner and poured him a few shots of tequila to 'initiate' him!!! He was very GREEN the next morning, let me tell you…lol.


text:
Soundcloud Post
Over the course of my career, I have had the opportunity to lead various Web design and development teams, including a number of professionals fresh out of school. Along the way, I've made my share of mistakes and learned some valuable lessons.
Some new team members have jumped right in and


text: Optima Added on 5 March 2015 By ART 3 in 3D Channel Signs LED signs have quickly risen in popularity over other methods of illumination due to their potential as a long-term business investment. For example, LED bulbs are long-lasting and consume less energy in order to produce a s strong light. Not only that, but the bulbs are smaller and, unlike neon lights, can be disposed of with minimal environmental impact. In general, they offer a clear brightness, that can be seen from quite a distance and can cut through bad weather. If you're looking for an illuminated sign with minimal maintenance, LED-lit signs are the answer. View More LED Signs


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GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)
( Heartburn )
The Facts
GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease, which is the backflow of stomach contents (including stomach acid) upward into the esophagus (the swallowing tube that extends from the mouth to the stomach and sits behind the breast bone).
The lining of the stomach protects the stomach from the effects of its own acids. Because the esophagus lacks a similar protective lining, stomach acid that flows backward (refluxes) into it causes heartburn (also called dyspepsia).
Many people experience heartburn occasionally; however, people who get heartburn or other GERD symptoms persistently are considered to have GERD. GERD is the most common acid-related condition in Canada, affecting 5% to 12% of the population. Adults, children, and even infants can have GERD.
GERD occurs when the valve located at the bottom of the esophagus (called the lower esophageal sphincter, or LES) that normally keeps acid in the stomach isn't functioning properly. Acid that moves from the stomach into the esophagus damages its lining and can cause burning and pain.
Risk factors are characteristics that may increase your chance of developing a condition. Risk factors for GERD include:
- age (over 50 years old)
- being overweight or obese
- eating and drinking certain types of foods and drinks (see below)
- having excess abdominal fat
- pregnancy
- smoking
- taking certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs, some antidepressants, calcium channel blockers, corticosteroids)
The following foods can cause symptoms of GERD, but may not necessarily cause GERD itself:
- alcoholic drinks
- chocolate
- coffee, tea
- carbonated drinks
- foods with high acid content (e.g., tomatoes, orange juice)
- fried or fatty foods
- garlic
- onions
- peppermint
- spicy foods
GERD may sometimes be associated with a condition called hiatus hernia in which a portion of the stomach lining pushes up through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. People with severe GERD almost always have a hiatus hernia.
Symptoms and Complications
The main symptom of GERD is heartburn, which is a burning pain behind the breastbone that can travel to the back of the throat. The pain can last up to 2 hours and is often worsened by eating, lying down, or bending over. Infants with GERD show signs of irritability, vomiting, and loss of appetite.
Because heartburn and a heart attack have similar symptoms, it is important to note their differences. For someone having a heart attack, burning pain generally travels progressively down the left arm or both arms. For someone with GERD, the burning pain is localized to the upper chest. In addition, exercise may worsen the chest pain for someone having a heart attack (or someone with heart disease), while rest and certain medications may help to relieve it. On the other hand, the burning pain associated with GERD is usually not affected by physical activity. In any case, even people with characteristic features of GERD may require tests to ensure the symptoms are not being caused by a heart attack.
Other symptoms of GERD include regurgitation (swallowed food or liquid going back up into the throat or mouth), a sour or bitter taste in the throat or back of the mouth, excessive saliva, belching, upset stomach, nausea, or vomiting. Both adults and infants who inhale the reflux acid may experience coughing, hoarseness, or wheezing. Symptoms of GERD are generally worse after meals.
If GERD is not managed well, other complications can arise over time. These include:
- esophageal strictures (scarring of the lining of the esophagus), which reduce the diameter of the esophagus and make swallowing difficult
- esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), which can make swallowing painful
- pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat), which affects the vocal cords and can alter a person's voice and speech
- dental problems, such as an increased risk of cavities or tooth damage due to the acid reflux
- asthma or chronic cough, especially in adults
- Barrett's hyperplasia or Barrett's esophagus, which occurs when abnormal healing takes place after an ulcer has destroyed an area of the esophageal lining (The usual lining is replaced with tissue like that found in the stomach or intestine. People with this condition may be at a higher risk of developing cancer of the esophagus over time.)
Making the Diagnosis
Doctors usually diagnose GERD by assessing symptoms. Only people with severe chronic heartburn are likely to be tested for GERD.
Endoscopy is the test of choice for people who need further testing. A diagnostic tool called an endoscope is used, which is a fibre-optic tube passed down the throat that permits the doctor to see the inside of the esophagus.
There are also tests to measure the pH (acidity) of the esophagus and the internal pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
People who have had regular or daily heartburn for more than 5 years have an increased risk of Barrett's esophagus. People over the age of 50 who also have other risk factors such as smoking or obesity, may be tested using endoscopic biopsy (endoscopy with biopsy). For other patients, many doctors perform regular checkups to look for changes that may eventually develop into cancerous growths.
Treatment and Prevention
Most symptoms of GERD can be managed with a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. Surgery is reserved for people with severe complications but is needed only rarely.
Medications* that can be used to neutralize stomach acid are antacids (e.g., aluminum or magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, bismuth subsalicylate). Medications* that keep stomach acid away from the esophagus are alginates (sodium alginate). Medications* that can be used to reduce the production of stomach acid include H2-antagonists (e.g., cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine) and proton pump inhibitors (e.g., dexlansoprazole, omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole). When prescribing proton pump inhibitors, your doctor may put you on an 8-week trial and then assess your symptoms.
In addition to medications, symptoms of GERD can be improved by making one or more lifestyle changes. For example:
- Eat meals earlier, especially dinner.
- Eat smaller meals more frequently, instead of 2 or 3 large meals.
- Avoid lying down within 2 or 3 hours after meals.
- Reduce alcohol and caffeine intake.
- Avoid chocolate, acidic citrus juices and large fatty meals
- Stop smoking.
- Try not to wear tight clothing.
- Lose excess weight.
- Exercise regularly.
- Place the head of your bed 10 cm to 20 cm higher than the foot of the bed.
Most people can have successful treatment by taking medications and making lifestyle and diet changes.
All material copyright MediResource Inc. 1996 – 2024. Terms and conditions of use. The contents herein are for informational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Source: www.medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/GERD-Gastroesophageal-reflux-disease


text:
Trine™ is a fantasy action game where the player can create and use physics-based objects to beat hazardous puzzles and threatening enemies. Set in a world of great castles and strange machinery, three heroes are bound to a mysterious device called the Trine in a quest to save the kingdom from evil.
In 2014, Trine Enchanted Edition was released. Trine Enchanted Edition is a new version of the original Trine, remade using the Trine 2 engine. It introduces enhanced graphics and brings added features such as online gameplay.
More press materials here.


text:
The document is printed as found in Fred Gannon, A Short History of American Shoemaking, 1912. Others may find this document as useful as I.
The indenture of Joseph Verry, apprentice
to Daniel Putnam, Danvers, Massachusetts, shoemaker
March 16th, 1804
And I, the said Daniel, do agree that the said Joseph shall have two months to go to school each of the next two winters; and if that should not prove sufficient to give him good learning, he is to have one month schooling the third winter; and I agree to pay him fifty dollars more besides the $30.00 above mentioned, after he has completed his apprenticeship. And for the true and faithfull performance of the said Covenant and agreement, we the said parties bind our selves each to the other firmly by these presents. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals this sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and four. DANIEL VERRY. (Seal) And I, the said Joseph Verry above named, do hereby consent to the condition of foregoing indenture, and have hereunto subscribed my name. JOSEPH VERRY. (Seal.) Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of us.
NB. the interlining of the fifty dollars after he had completed his apprenticeship, was~ interlined before signing.


text:
We are committed to connecting homeowners with the top service professionals in their area using honest reviews and the values of user privacy, simplicity and reliability. Whether you are looking for services when buying or selling your home, need a repair or are upgrading your home's appeal; MüvzU will make sure you are just a click away from connecting with the top-rated professionals. We give you all of the tools you need to find your perfect service provider within your budget.
We are the only home-service provider search platform that does not require personal user information in exchange for the search results you are looking for. Simplicity, user privacy and reliability are the foundation on which MüvzU was built. Our philosophy greatly benefits both the user and the home service professional. As a MüvzU user, you can expect to get the results you want as soon as you need them. As a MüvzU home service professional, you can expect to maximize your business potential and visibility by users not being turned away by the ask of their personal information.
Let's build your home team together!


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A short sentence describing what someone will receive by subscribing
FREE Shipping on all of our Business and Office Supplies
Free Shipping
We offer Free shipping to make your shopping experience more enjoyable and affordable!
Satisfied or Refunded
If for any reason you are not completely satisfied with your order, we will completely refund your order or offer you a replacement at no extra charge.
Top-notch support
We love being able to provide our customers with the option to call or chat with us directly for all their questions and inquiries.
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All information entered in our secure pages (surname, forename, payment data, etc.) is encoded in order to avoid eavesdropping during transmission between your computer and our servers.


text:
Frame your meal on the playful, fun design of the Santorini Stripe Rectangular Tray. Drawing inspiration from the native colors of the Greek Isles, Santorini will easily become an everyday favorite in your kitchen.
Product Dimensions: 10"L, 6.25"WDishwasher Safe - We recommend using a non-fragrant/non-citrus, non-abrasive detergent on the air dry cycle (or econo heat when available). It is recommended to place the dishes so they avoid touching during the high pressure dishwashing and as such we recommend you do not overload the dishwasher. All dishes should be dried thoroughly before being stored.
Microwave Safe - The temperature of VIETRI pieces may vary after microwave use due to the handmade nature of quality, natural clays. Thus, as with all products used in a microwave, please use the following precautions:
- Hard Ceramic - Hard Ceramic has similar attributes to Italian Stoneware. Italian Stoneware is a mix of different clays including a stoneware clay that can be fired at higher temperatures and provides added strength to the product.
Region - Portugal
Our designs honor Italian craftsmanship
VIETRI artisans follow ancient practices - using simple materials to create forms that pulse with life. Rooted in this tradition, we use modern techniques to create new designs and products.


text:
The domain within your query sequence starts at position 325 and ends at position 365; the E-value for the ARM domain shown below is 1.98e-8.
ARMArmadillo/beta-catenin-like repeats |
SMART accession number: | SM00185 |
Description: | Approx. 40 amino acid repeat. Tandem repeats form superhelix of helices that is proposed to mediate interaction of beta-catenin with its ligands. Involved in transducing the Wingless/Wnt signal. In plakoglobin arm repeats bind alpha-catenin and N-cadherin. |
Interpro abstract (IPR000225): | The armadillo (Arm) repeat is an approximately 40 amino acid long tandemly repeated sequence motif first identified in the Drosophila melanogaster segment polarity gene armadillo involved in signal transduction through wingless. Animal Arm-repeat proteins function in various processes, including intracellular signalling and cytoskeletal regulation, and include such proteins as beta-catenin, the junctional plaque protein plakoglobin, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor protein, and the nuclear transport factor importin-alpha, amongst others [ (PUBMED:9770300) ]. A subset of these proteins is conserved across eukaryotic kingdoms. In higher plants, some Arm-repeat proteins function in intracellular signalling like their mammalian counterparts, while others have novel functions [ (PUBMED:12946625) ]. The 3-dimensional fold of an armadillo repeat is known from the crystal structure of beta-catenin, where the 12 repeats form a superhelix of alpha helices with three helices per unit [ (PUBMED:9298899) ]. The cylindrical structure features a positively charged grove, which presumably interacts with the acidic surfaces of the known interaction partners of beta-catenin. |
GO function: | protein binding (GO:0005515) |
Family alignment: |
There are 167287 ARM domains in 29030 proteins in SMART's nrdb database.
Click on the following links for more information.
- Evolution (species in which this domain is found)
Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing ARM domain.
This tree includes only several representative species. The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with ARM domain is also avaliable.
Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing ARM domain in the selected taxonomic class.
- Cellular role (predicted cellular role)
Binding / catalysis: protein-binding
- Literature (relevant references for this domain)
Primary literature is listed below; Automatically-derived, secondary literature is also avaliable.
- Cavallo R, Rubenstein D, Peifer M
- Armadillo and dTCF: a marriage made in the nucleus.
- Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1997; 7: 459-66
- Display abstract
Within the past year, Armadillo and beta-catenin's role in transducing the Wingless/Wnt signal has been substantially clarified. It is now clear that Armadillo and beta-catenin bind directly to members of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor subfamily of HMG box DNA-binding proteins, forming bipartite transcription factors that regulate Wingless/Wnt responsive genes in both Drosophila and vertebrates. These partners not only play key roles in a variety of cell fate decisions during normal development but, when inappropriately activated, contribute to both colon cancer and melanoma.
- Huber AH, Nelson WJ, Weis WI
- Three-dimensional structure of the armadillo repeat region of beta-catenin.
- Cell. 1997; 90: 871-82
- Display abstract
Beta-catenin is essential for cadherin-based cell adhesion and Wnt/Wingless growth factor signaling. In these roles, it binds to cadherins, Tcf-family transcription factors, and the tumor suppressor gene product Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC). A core region of beta-catenin, composed of 12 copies of a 42 amino acid sequence motif known as an armadillo repeat, mediates these interactions. The three-dimensional structure of a protease-resistant fragment of beta-catenin containing the armadillo repeat region has been determined. The 12 repeats form a superhelix of helices that features a long, positively charged groove. Although unrelated in sequence, the beta-catenin binding regions of cadherins, Tcfs, and APC are acidic and are proposed to interact with this groove.
- Gumbiner BM
- Signal transduction of beta-catenin.
- Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1995; 7: 634-40
- Display abstract
Beta-catenin participates in signal transduction and developmental patterning in Xenopus and Drosophila embryos as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. Its signaling activity is distinct from its role in cadherin-mediated cell adhesion, and it probably acts either in the cytosol or in the nucleus. The adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein is also implicated in beta-catenin signaling.
- Sacco PA, McGranahan TM, Wheelock MJ, Johnson KR
- Identification of plakoglobin domains required for association with N-cadherin and alpha-catenin.
- J Biol Chem. 1995; 270: 20201-6
- Display abstract
Cadherins are calcium-dependent, cell surface glycoproteins involved in cell-cell adhesion. To function in cell-cell adhesion, the transmembrane cadherin molecule must be associated with the cytoskeleton via cytoplasmic proteins known as catenins. Three catenins, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin (also known as plakoglobin), have been identified. The domain of the cadherin molecule important for its interaction with the catenins has been mapped to the COOH-terminal 70 amino acids, but less is known about regions of the catenins that allow them to associate with one another or with the cadherin molecule. In this study we have transfected carboxyl-terminal deletions of plakoglobin into the human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 and used immunofluorescence localization and co-immunoprecipitation to map the regions of plakoglobin that allow it to associate with N-cadherin and with alpha-catenin. Plakoglobin is an armadillo family member containing 13 weakly similar internal repeats. These data show that the alpha-catenin-binding region maps within the first repeat and the N-cadherin-binding region maps within repeats 7 and 8.
- Rubinfeld B et al.
- Association of the APC gene product with beta-catenin.
- Science. 1993; 262: 1731-4
- Display abstract
Mutations in the human APC gene are linked to familial adenomatous polyposis and to the progression of sporadic colorectal and gastric tumors. To gain insight into APC function, APC-associated proteins were identified by immunoprecipitation experiments. Antibodies to APC precipitated a 95-kilodalton protein that was purified and identified by sequencing as beta-catenin, a protein that binds to the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. An antibody specific to beta-catenin also recognized the 95-kilodalton protein in the immunoprecipitates. These results suggest that APC is involved in cell adhesion.
- Su LK, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW
- Association of the APC tumor suppressor protein with catenins.
- Science. 1993; 262: 1734-7
- Display abstract
Mutations of APC appear to initiate sporadic and inherited forms of human colorectal cancer. Although these mutations have been well characterized, little is known about the function of the APC gene product. Two cellular proteins that associate with APC were identified by nucleotide sequence analysis and peptide mapping as the E-cadherin-associated proteins alpha- and beta-catenin. A 27-residue fragment of APC containing a 15-amino acid repeat was sufficient for the interaction with the catenins. These results suggest an important link between tumor initiation and cell adhesion.
- Peifer M, Wieschaus E
- The segment polarity gene armadillo encodes a functionally modular protein that is the Drosophila homolog of human plakoglobin.
- Cell. 1990; 63: 1167-76
- Display abstract
The Drosophila segment polarity gene armadillo is required for pattern formation within embryonic segments and imaginal discs. We have found that armadillo is highly conserved during evolution; it is 63% identical to human plakoglobin, a protein found in adhesive junctions joining epithelial and other cells. We have examined arm protein localization in a number of larval tissues and found that arm protein accumulation within cells shares many features with the accumulation of plakoglobin. We have compared the phenotype and molecular lesions responsible for the different arm mutations. Surprisingly, severely truncated proteins retain some function; the degree of function is strictly correlated with the length of the truncated protein, suggesting that the internally repetitive arm protein is modular in function. We present a possible model for the cellular role of arm.
- Metabolism (metabolic pathways involving proteins which contain this domain)
% proteins involved KEGG pathway ID Description 12.22 map05217 Basal cell carcinoma 11.76 map05210 Colorectal cancer 11.76 map04310 Wnt signaling pathway 11.76 map05213 Endometrial cancer 7.69 map04520 Adherens junction 7.69 map04670 Leukocyte transendothelial migration 7.24 map04810 Regulation of actin cytoskeleton 4.52 map05216 Thyroid cancer 4.52 map04530 Tight junction 4.52 map04916 Melanogenesis 4.52 map04510 Focal adhesion 4.52 map05215 Prostate cancer 3.62 map05221 Acute myeloid leukemia 3.17 map04140 Regulation of autophagy 0.45 map04340 Hedgehog signaling pathway This information is based on mapping of SMART genomic protein database to KEGG orthologous groups. Percentage points are related to the number of proteins with ARM domain which could be assigned to a KEGG orthologous group, and not all proteins containing ARM domain. Please note that proteins can be included in multiple pathways, ie. the numbers above will not always add up to 100%.
- Structure (3D structures containing this domain)
3D Structures of ARM domains in PDB
PDB code Main view Title 1bk5 KARYOPHERIN ALPHA FROM SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE 1bk6 KARYOPHERIN ALPHA (YEAST) + SV40 T ANTIGEN NLS 1ee4 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF YEAST KARYOPHERIN (IMPORTIN) ALPHA IN A COMPLEX WITH A C-MYC NLS PEPTIDE 1ee5 YEAST KARYOPHERIN (IMPORTIN) ALPHA IN A COMPLEX WITH A NUCLEOPLASMIN NLS PEPTIDE 1ejl MOUSE IMPORTIN ALPHA-SV40 LARGE T ANTIGEN NLS PEPTIDE COMPLEX 1ejy MOUSE IMPORTIN ALPHA-NUCLEOPLASMIN NLS PEPTIDE COMPLEX 1g3j CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE XTCF3-CBD/BETA-CATENIN ARMADILLO REPEAT COMPLEX 1i7w BETA-CATENIN/PHOSPHORYLATED E-CADHERIN COMPLEX 1i7x BETA-CATENIN/E-CADHERIN COMPLEX 1ial IMPORTIN ALPHA, MOUSE 1iq1 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE IMPORTIN-ALPHA(44-54)-IMPORTIN-ALPHA(70-529) COMPLEX 1jdh CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BETA-CATENIN AND HTCF-4 1jpp The Structure of a beta-Catenin Binding Repeat from Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) in Complex with beta-Catenin 1jpw Crystal Structure of a Human Tcf-4 / beta-Catenin Complex 1luj Crystal Structure of the Beta-catenin/ICAT Complex 1m1e Beta-catenin armadillo repeat domain bound to ICAT 1pjm Mouse Importin alpha-bipartite NLS from human retinoblastoma protein Complex 1pjn Mouse Importin alpha-bipartite NLS N1N2 from Xenopus laevis phosphoprotein Complex 1q1s Mouse Importin alpha- phosphorylated SV40 CN peptide complex 1q1t Mouse Importin alpha: non-phosphorylated SV40 CN peptide complex 1qz7 Beta-catenin binding domain of Axin in complex with beta-catenin 1t08 Crystal structure of beta-catenin/ICAT helical domain/unphosphorylated APC R3 1th1 Beta-catenin in complex with a phosphorylated APC 20aa repeat fragment 1un0 Crystal Structure of Yeast Karyopherin (Importin) alpha in complex with a Nup2p N-terminal fragment 1v18 The crystal structure of beta-catenin armadillo repeat complexed with a phosphorylated APC 20mer repeat. 1wa5 Crystal structure of the exportin Cse1p complexed with its cargo ( Kap60p) and RanGTP 1xm9 Structure of the armadillo repeat domain of plakophilin 1 1y2a Structure of mammalian importin bound to the non-classical PLSCR1-NLS 2bct THE ARMADILLO REPEAT REGION FROM MURINE BETA-CATENIN 2c1m Nup50:importin-alpha complex 2c1t Structure of the Kap60p:Nup2 complex 2gl7 Crystal Structure of a beta-catenin/BCL9/Tcf4 complex 2jdq C-terminal domain of influenza A virus polymerase PB2 subunit in complex with human importin alpha5 2ynr mImp_alphadIBB_B54NLS 2yns rImp_alpha_B54NLS 2z6g Crystal Structure of a Full-Length Zebrafish Beta-Catenin 2z6h Crystal Structure of Beta-Catenin Armadillo Repeat Region and Its C-Terminal domain 3au3 Crystal structure of armadillo repeat domain of APC 3bct THE ARMADILLO REPEAT REGION FROM MURINE BETA-CATENIN 3btr AR-NLS:Importin-alpha complex 3fex Crystal structure of the CBC-importin alpha complex. 3fey Crystal structure of the CBC-importin alpha complex. 3ifq Interction of plakoglobin and beta-catenin with desmosomal cadherins 3knd TPX2:importin-alpha complex 3l3q Mouse importin alpha-pepTM NLS peptide complex 3l6x Crystal structure of p120 catenin in complex with E-cadherin 3l6y Crystal structure of p120 catenin in complex with E-cadherin 3nmw Crytal structure of armadillo repeats domain of APC 3nmx Crystal structure of APC complexed with Asef 3nmz Crytal structure of APC complexed with Asef 3now UNC-45 from Drosophila melanogaster 3oqs Crystal structure of importin-alpha bound to a CLIC4 NLS peptide 3ouw Structure of beta-catenin with Lef-1 3oux Structure of beta-catenin with phosphorylated Lef-1 3q5u A minimal NLS from human scramblase 4 complexed with importin alpha 3qhe Crystal structure of the complex between the armadillo repeat domain of adenomatous polyposis coli and the tyrosine-rich domain of Sam68 3rz9 Mouse importin alpha-Ku80 NLS peptide complex 3rzx Mouse importin alpha-Ku70 NLS peptide complex 3sl9 X-ray structure of Beta catenin in complex with Bcl9 3sla X-ray structure of first four repeats of human beta-catenin 3t7u A NeW Crytal structure of APC-ARM 3tj3 Structure of importin a5 bound to the N-terminus of Nup50 3tpm Crystal structure of MAL RPEL domain in complex with importin-alpha 3tpo Crystal structure of D192A/E396A mutant of mouse importin alpha2 3tt9 Crystal structure of the stable degradation fragment of human plakophilin 2 isoform a (PKP2a) C752R variant 3tx7 Crystal structure of LRH-1/beta-catenin complex 3ukw Mouse importin alpha: Bimax1 peptide complex 3ukx Mouse importin alpha: Bimax2 peptide complex 3uky Mouse importin alpha: yeast CBP80 cNLS complex 3ukz Mouse importin alpha: mouse CBP80 cNLS complex 3ul0 Mouse importin alpha: mouse CBP80Y8D cNLS complex 3ul1 Mouse importin alpha: nucleoplasmin cNLS peptide complex 3uvu Structural basis of nuclear import of Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) 3ve6 Crystal Structure Analysis of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Capsid Protein NLS and Importin Alpha 3wpt 3WPT 3zin Gu_alpha_helicase 3zio minor-site specific NLS (A28) 3zip minor-site specific NLS (A58) 3ziq minor-site specific NLS (B6) 3zir minor-site specific NLS (B141) 4b18 The crystal structure of human Importin alpha 5 with TERT NLS peptide 4b8j rImp_alpha1a 4b8o rImp_alpha_SV40TAgNLS 4b8p rImp_alpha_A89NLS 4ba3 mImp_alphadIBB_A89NLS 4bpl rice importin_alpha in complex with nucleoplasmin NLS 4bqk rice importin_alpha : VirD2NLS complex 4d49 4D49 4d4e 4D4E 4db6 Designed Armadillo repeat protein (YIIIM3AII) 4db8 Designed Armadillo-repeat Protein 4db9 Designed Armadillo repeat protein (YIIIM3AIII) 4dba Designed Armadillo repeat protein (YIIM3AII) 4djs Structure of beta-catenin in complex with a stapled peptide inhibitor 4e4v The crystal structure of the dimeric human importin alpha 1 at 2.5 angstrom resolution. 4ev8 Crystal structure of mouse catenin beta-59 in 2.4M urea. 4ev9 Crystal Structure of Mouse Catenin beta-59 in 4.0M urea 4eva Crystal Structure of Mouse Catenin beta-59 in 5.6M urea 4evp Crystal Structure of Mouse Catenin beta-59 in 7.2M urea 4evt Crystal Structure of Mouse Catenin beta-59 in 8.3M urea 4htv Mouse importin alpha: BFDV Cap NLS peptide complex 4hxt Crystal Structure of Engineered Protein. Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium Target OR329 4mz5 Structure of importin-alpha: dUTPase NLS complex 4mz6 Structure of importin-alpha: dUTPase S11E NLS mutant complex 4oih Importin Alpha in Complex with the Bipartite NLS of Prp20 4plq 4PLQ 4plr 4PLR 4pls 4PLS 4pvz 4PVZ 4r0z 4R0Z 4r10 4R10 4r11 4R11 4rv1 4RV1 4rxh 4RXH 4rzp 4RZP 4tnm 4TNM 4u2x 4U2X 4u54 4U54 4u58 4U58 4u5l 4U5L 4u5n 4U5N 4u5o 4U5O 4u5s 4U5S 4u5u 4U5U 4u5v 4U5V 4uad 4UAD 4uae 4UAE 4uaf 4UAF 4v3o 4V3O 4v3q 4V3Q 4v3r 4V3R 4wv6 4WV6 4xl5 4XL5 4xzr 4XZR 4yi0 4YI0 4yje 4YJE 4yjl 4YJL 4yk6 4YK6 4zdu 4ZDU 4zv6 4ZV6 5aei 5AEI 5b56 5B56 5ctt 5CTT 5d5k 5D5K 5e6q 5E6Q 5ekf 5EKF 5ekg 5EKG 5fc8 5FC8 5hhg 5HHG 5huw 5HUW 5huy 5HUY 5k9s 5K9S 5klr 5KLR 5klt 5KLT 5svz 5SVZ - Links (links to other resources describing this domain)
PFAM Armadillo_seg INTERPRO IPR000225


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How did the insurrection at the U.S. Capitol spin so wildly out of control? Yesterday, the officials whose job it was to guard the Capitol on that day answered questions from lawmakers about what happened. One of them was Steven Sund. He was the chief of the Capitol Police, and he resigned a day after the attack. Yesterday, he said authorities didn't get the intelligence they needed to protect members of Congress.
STEVEN SUND: A clear lack of accurate and complete intelligence across several federal agencies contributed to this event and not poor planning by the United States Capitol Police. We rely on accurate information from our federal partners to help us develop effective security plans.
KING: Senator Amy Klobuchar is the chair of the Rules Committee, which co-sponsored this hearing. She's with us now. Good morning, Senator.
AMY KLOBUCHAR: Well, thank you so much. It's great to be on, Noel.
KING: Mr. Sund said he asked for help from the Pentagon, but, quote, "almost two hours later, we had still not received authorization from the Pentagon to activate the National Guard." Did you come out of this hearing with an understanding of why the Pentagon appeared to move so slowly?
KLOBUCHAR: That part - no.
KLOBUCHAR: And I'm looking forward to asking the Department of Defense about that next week. We're announcing today a second hearing next week with representatives from Homeland Security, FBI and Department of Defense. We had always planned to focus first on the agencies that were directly in charge the day of the attack. And then the second is - and hear what they have to tell us and then follow through with these other agencies.
KING: OK. Mr. Sund also blamed a lack of preparation. Let's listen to what he said.
SUND: We probably planned for a mass demonstration with possible violence. What we got was a military-style coordinated assault on my officers and a violent takeover of the Capitol building.
KING: Gary Peters, senator of Michigan and your co-chair on the hearing, said yesterday, quote, "There's no question in my mind that there was a failure to take this threat more seriously, despite widespread social media content and public reporting that indicated violence was extremely likely." So he seems to be saying, forget intelligence reports; it was all right there on Twitter, on Facebook, on Parler. Is that fair?
KLOBUCHAR: First of all, I don't understand, with the Capitol Police, the sergeant at arms, two separate entities that work together in the Capitol, why they didn't think it was a problem when the president of the United States says, be there January 6. Another tweet - go wild. So I agree with that. But we also expect the intelligence agencies to contribute to the Capitol Police's knowledge. That's how it's always gone. So there's clearly issues on both ends.
But I think given everything we knew leading up to that - I know because I was in charge of the response to Ted Cruz and Josh Hawley when it came to them trying to undermine our democracy about the Electoral College, that they didn't see what was happening is very disturbing. But the purpose of the hearing - just to be very clear - yesterday was to get three people who had actually resigned - I think people were surprised they showed up. They showed up voluntarily, along with the current metropolitan police chief, who has jurisdiction over D.C., to get them in one place and answer our questions.
And I actually - my whole goal was to make it constructive, which I think it was, with a few exceptions from a few members that I expected. But it was to get the answers. Only then can we get the solutions - clear intelligence breakdown. We've got to hire a new police chief, the leaders do, for the Capitol. So that's going to contribute this information to who we hire. We've got to make decisions about security around the Capitol, the use of the National Guard, how they share intelligence, to make sure different procedures are put in place and, mostly, the Capitol Police Board that this chief reported to.
So one image for your listeners is that in the middle of this, when the insurrection had started, they're charging through the Capitol - he is calling the sergeant of arms, one of whom oversees the security of the senators, the other the House, those two are in those locations getting the people to safety, and he's calling them to get permission to call in the National Guard. That's because of this structure of the Capitol Police Board, and that has to change.
KING: OK, I hear you saying, instead of individuals - and I believe Mr. Sund has said that he regrets resigning because he doesn't think that he's to blame - instead of individuals, there are processes that need to be changed, including making it clear who is in charge of securing the Capitol if something like this happens in the future.
KLOBUCHAR: Let me make clear it's both. I mean, there was a reason the three of them resigned. I still am very grateful they came back to testify in a difficult circumstance. But we are going to get new people in these jobs. But the part about the process is real, and that's why we are having a second hearing with the Department of Defense and FBI and Homeland Security to figure out what went wrong on their end in terms of giving the chiefs at the Capitol the information. One glaring fact was there was an FBI report the night before that was just sent in an email, and the chief himself never - it never got to him...
KING: Right.
KLOBUCHAR: ...Through their own processes.
KING: Let me ask you about specific changes that may need to be made at the Capitol. Do you think you need more security? Do you want the fencing to stay up permanently?
KLOBUCHAR: Well, no one wants the fencing up permanently, but we have to do things smartly. We still want school groups and veterans groups. That's going to happen when the pandemic ends. But we have to look at where the perimeter is. The use of the National Guard - they stayed for quite a while after 9/11 and helped out. It doesn't have to be at these numbers. And then, of course, the building itself and how some changes can be made. It is a public building. It will be a public building. But the security has to be much better around that building, as well as the people that run it.
KING: Senator Amy Klobuchar, Democrat of Minnesota. Thanks for joining us.
KLOBUCHAR: Thank you. It was great to be on. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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The Eurojam 2014 was a great celebration; a moment of joy lived in an immense community; a celebration of reconciliation and unity. Not only a great meeting of 12,500 European youngsters, not only a happening in the middle of nowhere, not only a spectacle in front of 25,000 eyes. What is the difference between the Eurojam and, let's say, a music festival gathering the same (or an even higher) number of people as the Eurojam? A music festival gathers people who are enthusiastic of the same kind of music, so people who share an aspect, a part of them. The Eurojam doesn't gather people who share something together, but who ARE something together, who form a single body, the body of Christ! Only in HIM we are really able to find reconciliation, reconciliation with God, with ourselves and with each other. Our unity in HIM is our strength and the only reason why European Scouting can exist. The Eurojam is the best expression of this unity. It shows to us – and to the world! – that peace among the nations is not only a beautiful dream, but can be realized if we have the strong will to go to the other, to listen and to understand the other. Even if we don't speak the same language and don't have the same habits and customs, we are sisters, brothers and God's beloved children. We don't share only the one ore other chosen aspect of ourselves, but our essence, our being. Once we have understood that, our diversity is not an obstacle any more, but the source of new discoveries, beautiful exchanges and deep joy.


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Meanwhile, outsourced IT services create a supportive, functionally efficient technological environment through which these business objectives can be effectively pursued. When you think about it like that, outsourcing IT services – especially for small-to-mid-sized businesses – is a no-brainer. It's not just theoretical either – TechAisle reports that as of 2015, at least 40% of small businesses in the US will have had made the switch to an external IT management service.
It's not just about creating an environment most conducive to reaching business goals, managed service providers (MSP's) are also invaluable in their ability to create, protect and sustain functional networks. Through their ability to access, monitor, track progress, troubleshoot, perform maintenance and continually update, MSP's keep your technological networks and databases running as efficiently as possible. Because their business is IT support, MSP's bring a level of expertise and sophistication to IT management that simply cannot be duplicated by other, in-house solutions. MSP's can help reduce tedious IT annoyances and prevent productivity-halting IT catastrophes. Additionally, when the IT emergencies do happen, MSP's serve as focused and highly-trained 'emergency responders' who fix problems and restore productivity fast.
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Outsourcing IT management is fundamentally good for business. MSP's provide a continually secure and maintained network and allow business teams to focus on what matters most, namely, their business. They offer efficient support and invaluable expertise, all while keeping costs low and allowing business' to pursue what matters.
Could your organization be taking advantage of our IT management services? Get in touch with us to find out how we can make business even better. (831) 753-7677 or [email protected].


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LOS ANGELES (May 11, 2011) – Newly-crowned USBO Super Middleweight champion and undefeated prospect, Peter "Kid Chocolate" Quillin (24-0, 18 KO's), finds himself in a sweet position after his electrifying knockout of former world title challenger Jesse Brinkley (35-7, 22 KO's) on April 30 in Reno, Nevada in a fight televised live on TeleFutura's "Solo Boxeo Tecate."
The 27-year-old Quillin rocked Brinkley in the opening round with an overhand right, showed poise during target practice in the following round, and finished-off the then International Boxing Federation ("IBF") No. 7-rated Brinkley when referee Joe Cortez mercifully halted the action at 2:34 of the third.
"Going into that fight I had a lot more confidence to do in the ring what I had worked so hard on in training camp," Quillin said. "I orchestrated my camp and was more in rhythm to take care of boxing in order to be an explosive winner. I hurt him in the first round but didn't go in for the kill. I relaxed and took my shots, realizing I could hit him again at any time. I hit him with a lot of hard, accurate shots. I stayed with our game plan in the second round but my corner (trainer Eric Brown) told me after the second round that Brinkley was ready to go.
"Our game plan was to box him the first five rounds and go from there with a lot of pressure. I hurt him in the first but didn't pressure him then because I didn't exactly know how he'd react. I never underestimated him because he's a serious fighter. I didn't want to risk trying to finish him off then. I was in the biggest fight of my career and just did what was natural. I knew I had a lot of power and he was right there for me to hit. I wanted to show more boxing, go to the body, but the fight only lasted three rounds."
Quillin is now in an enviable position, training at Wild Club Boxing Club under Freddie Roach and Brown, promoted by Golden Boy, and even being mentioned as a participant in a high-profile fight, possibly against Sergio Martinez.
"I'll fight anybody put in front of me as long as everybody – Golden Boy, my manager (John Seip) and corner – all agree that the opponent is the right one at this stage of my career," Quillin noted.
Seip doesn't believe there's a rush for "Kid Chocolate" to be in a mega-fight, or need to fight again above middleweight. He noted that Quillin is a relatively young 27 with only 15 amateur matches and no "wars" as a professional having won 84 of 86 rounds.
"I've been with Petey six years and we're going to stay the course," Seip explained. "Why deviate? He's on his way and totally destroyed Brinkley. He's getting stronger working with his strength-and-conditioning coach, Brad Bose (Anatomi Gym in Santa Monica), who I call 'The Professor' because of his cutting edge programs. We're sold on Golden Boy, Freddie Roach and Eric Brown, and believe with them he'll become world champion. Petey has youth, athleticism, speed and power but people still haven't seen his best punch, yet – left hook – because he's been hurting guys with his right. I'd like to get him one or two more fights against a top 10, top 5 opponent before putting him in a world title fight. Physically, he's capable right now, but this is the big time and I want to make sure he's mentally prepared for the pressures of fighting in a major fight.
"He certainly was impressive, looking real strong against Brinkley, but Petey is going back down to 160 for good. We took this one fight against Brinkley because it was a great opportunity, but Petey is a middleweight, and I believe he's the biggest puncher there. After the fight Brinkley told me Petey hits harder than (Lucian) Bute. We've been patient all along and there's no reason to change now."
For more information about Peter "Kid Chocolate" Quillin go online to www.TheKidChocolate.com or follow him on Twitter @/Kid Chocolate.


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Men's hidden fears about body fat are fuelling gym attendance motivated by feelings of guilt and shame rather than a desire to build muscle, new research has shown.
Psychology researchers from the UK and Australia discovered that while male attitudes towards muscle or body mass index (BMI) did not predict how frequently they would attend the gym, their perceptions of body fat did.
The researchers found that men worried about body fat were more likely than others to undertake spontaneous, unplanned work-outs - and warned that these 'sporadic' exercise patterns tend to be difficult to sustain over time.
The findings raise questions over the effect portrayals of the 'ideal body' online and in the media have on healthy exercise behaviours in an era of 'selfies'. This has important real-life implications for health and exercise professionals and their intervention programmes, the researchers suggest.
The study is the first of its kind to examine men's body attitudes alongside both their conscious (explicit) and non-conscious (implicit) motivations for attending the gym. The findings could help health and fitness professionals improve gym attendance in the long-term by focusing on pro-active goal-setting and personal autonomy, rather than body image.
The study was carried out by Dr David Keatley from the School of Psychology at the University of Lincoln, UK, and Kim Caudwell from Curtin University, Australia.
Dr Keatley, a specialist in the study of complex patterns of behaviour and motivation, said: "Coaches, trainers, and even 'gym buddies' need to be aware of individuals' motivations and reasons for attending a gym. Spontaneous gym goers are more likely to be motivated by guilt, shame or pressure, so it's important to turn this around and place a focus on positive feelings of achievement and pride, fostering a long-term healthier behaviour change.
"Anyone can be affected by what they see online, the social cues images can give, and the popular conceptions of an 'ideal body image'. With the recent growth of 'selfies' and the return of muscle-bound Hollywood hero icons like Vin Diesel and Hugh Jackman, there's a real risk that males may be more influenced to attend the gym more regularly and workout to a point where it becomes dangerous or detracts from their wellbeing.
"This study is important in showing that whilst they may be more unlikely to admit it, body dissatisfaction and dysmorphia can and do affect males as well as females, and therefore should be investigated fully."
To assess their motivations for exercising, 100 men completed a self-report questionnaire and a second test which evaluated their non-conscious motivation by measuring how long it took them to associate particular words with themselves.
All participants had a slightly elevated BMI and said they work out for around an hour, two or three times a week. Nearly 60 per cent of the men listed health and fitness as their primary reason for attending a gym or fitness activity. Just 16 per cent labelled appearance or amateur body building as their motivation, and eight per cent said training or competing was their main focus.
Participants responded to a series of statements about body image, for example "seeing my reflection makes me feel bad about my body fat and muscularity". They also evaluated a series of statements about their motivation, such as "I feel under pressure to exercise or work out regularly from people I know well". These were scored on a scale from one to four, with one being not very true and four being very true.
To examine hidden, non-conscious motivations, the researchers also asked participants to complete an Implicit Association Test (IAT), a task designed to assess automatic associations. It paired positive and negative feelings about exercising, such as 'spontaneous' and 'willing' or 'restricted' and 'forced', with words relating to the self and others, such as 'me' and 'mine' or 'they' and 'theirs'.
The study is published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.


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Be Firm but Kind with Children
Satguru Bodhinatha Veylanswami , 2002-10-14
Cybertalk: Bodhinatha gives a wonderful upadesha based on the Living with Siva lesson of the day (178) called "Be Firm but Kind." This is one of the Positive Discipline principles. Children today must be told the reasons why for instructions and directions given to them, and such directions must be given in a kindly manner. The problem of giving directions in the form of questions is also discussed.


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KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia (AP) — Malaysian police arrested a woman Wednesday in the apparent assassination of Kim Jong Nam, the North Korean leader's exiled half brother who South Korean spies say once begged his sibling to spare his life.
The astonishing killing, which reportedly came at the hands of two female assassins, set off waves of speculation over whether North Korea had dispatched a hit squad to kill a man known for his drinking, gambling and complicated family life.
Kim Jong Nam, who was 45 or 46, was estranged from his younger brother, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, and had been living abroad for years. He reportedly fell out of favor when he was caught trying to enter Japan on a false passport in 2001, saying he wanted to visit Tokyo Disneyland.
According to two senior Malaysian government officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity because the case involves sensitive diplomacy, the elder Kim died en route to a hospital on Monday after suddenly falling ill at the budget terminal of Kuala Lumpur International Airport.
He told medical workers before he died that he had been attacked with a chemical spray, the Malaysian officials said. Multiple South Korean media reports, citing unidentified sources, said two women believed to be North Korean agents killed him with some kind of poison before fleeing in a taxi.
Malaysia started an autopsy Wednesday to determine the cause of death. But a Malaysian government official, who also demanded anonymity because of the case's sensitivity, said North Korea objected to the procedure because they wanted the body back. But the Malaysian official said the autopsy was still continuing.
Also Wednesday, Malaysian police arrested a woman carrying Vietnamese travel documents bearing the name Doan Thi Huong at the Kuala Lumpur airport budget terminal, where Kim Jong Nam was attacked. It was not immediately clear whether the passport was genuine. She was identified using earlier surveillance video from the airport, police said.
Still photos of the video, confirmed as authentic by police, showed a woman in a skirt and long-sleeved white T-shirt with "LOL" across the front.
Police said they were hunting for more suspects. No further details were released.
Since taking power in late 2011, Kim Jong Un has executed or purged a number of high-level government officials in what the South Korean government has described as a "reign of terror."
South Korea's spy agency, the National Intelligence Service, said Wednesday that North Korea had been trying for five years to kill Kim Jong Nam. The NIS did not definitively say that North Korea was behind the killing, just that it was presumed to be a North Korean operation, according to lawmakers who briefed reporters about the closed-door meeting with the spy officials.
The NIS also cited a "genuine" attempt by North Korea to kill Kim Jong Nam in 2012, the lawmakers said. The NIS told them that Kim Jong Nam sent a letter to Kim Jong Un in April 2012, after the assassination attempt, begging for the lives of himself and his family.
The letter said: "I hope you cancel the order for the punishment of me and my family. We have nowhere to go, nowhere to hide, and we know that the only way to escape is committing suicide."
Details of the Malaysia case were sketchy, but the NIS cited Kim Jong Un's "paranoia" about his half brother. The NIS has a history of botching intelligence on North Korea and has long sought to portray the country's leaders as mentally unstable.
Although Kim Jong Nam had been originally tipped by some outsiders as a possible successor to his late dictator father, Kim Jong Il, others thought that was unlikely because he lived outside the country, including recently in Macau.
He also frequented casinos, five-star hotels and traveled around Asia, with little say in North Korean affairs.
But his attempt to visit Tokyo Disneyland reportedly soured North Korea's leadership on his potential as a successor. Kim Jong Nam had said he had no political ambitions, although he was publicly critical of the North Korean regime and his half brother's legitimacy in the past. In 2010, he was quoted in Japanese media as saying he opposed dynastic succession in North Korea.
Among Kim Jong Un's executions and purges, the most spectacular was the 2013 execution of his uncle, Jang Song Thaek, once considered the country's second-most powerful man, for what the North alleged was treason.
Kim Jong Il had at least three sons with two women, as well as a daughter by a third. Kim Jong Nam was the eldest, followed by Kim Jong Chul, who is a few years older than Kim Jong Un and is known as a playboy who reportedly attended an Eric Clapton concert in London in 2015. It's unclear what positon he has in the North Korean government.
A younger sister, Kim Yo Jong, was named a member of the Workers' Party of Korea's Central Committee during a North Korean party congress last May.
Kim Yong-hyun, professor of North Korean Studies at Dongguk University in South Korea, said Kim Jong Nam could have faced threats from any number of directions.
He was probably not viewed as a direct threat to his half brother, but as "an obstacle to Kim Jong Un's plan to maintain the regime for the next 20 to 30 years," the professor said.
"So there is a possibility of Kim Jong Un directly or indirectly giving orders to get rid of those who could threaten the plan in the long term," he said. "The other possibility that cannot be ruled out is that of North Korean elites, who are competing against each other to show their loyalty to Kim Jong Un, making a move against Kim Jong Nam."
Associated Press writers Hyung-jin Kim in Seoul, South Korea, and Tim Sullivan in New Delhi contributed to this report.
Copyright 2017 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.
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3 great forces changing China's consumer market
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The New China Playbook was originally published by The Boston Consulting Group. It is republished here with permission.
For roughly three decades, China's booming economy has offered consumer product companies some of the world's greatest growth opportunities. China's economic slowdown and jittery markets have raised worries that this growth story is drawing to a close. In early November 2015, for example, the government lowered its official five-year annual GDP growth target to 6.5%, the slowest pace since the 2008–2009 global financial crisis.
China's economy is indeed struggling through a significant structural transition, and consumption isn't rising as fast as it did during the peak boom years. But make no mistake: although the pace is slower and the course is bumpier, consumption growth is still tracing a staggering trajectory. China's consumer economy is projected to expand by about half, to $6.5 trillion, by 2020—even if annual real GDP growth cools to 5.5%, below the official target. The incremental growth of $2.3 trillion alone over the next five years would be comparable to adding a consumer market 1.3 times larger than that of today's Germany or UK. (See Exhibit 1.)
The Chinese consumer market, moreover, is in the midst of a transformation that offers tremendous new opportunities. Three great forces are ushering in this transformation: the rise of upper-middle-class and affluent households as the drivers of consumption growth; a new generation of freer-spending, sophisticated consumers; and the increasingly powerful role of e-commerce.
Research by The Boston Consulting Group and AliResearch, the research arm of Alibaba, China's largest e-commerce company, found that these three forces of change will profoundly reshape China's economy and consumer market over the next five years. Through 2020, 81% of consumption growth will come from households whose annual income is more than $24,000. Furthermore, consumers 35 or younger will account for 65% of growth. E-commerce will become a far more important retail channel, driving 42% of total consumption growth, 90% of that growth coming from mobile e-commerce.
The types of products fueling China's consumer boom will also change. Services will overtake goods as the chief engine, accounting for 51% of incremental growth over the next five years. Demand for premium goods and services that enhance a personal sense of well-being—such as healthy foods, education, and travel, rather than daily necessities—will accelerate.
Companies will need a new playbook to capture the coming wave of growth. The strategies of the past will no longer be relevant.
There are several reasons to be bullish on Chinese consumption, which we project will grow 9% annually through 2020. One is that incomes are rising. Per capita income in China has been increasing at an 11% annual pace since 2010. With China's job market tight, average wages should continue to rise over the near term as the economy shifts from low-wage manufacturing industries to better-paying service and high-tech industries.
Rising incomes—and optimism that incomes will continue to rise—have kept consumer sentiment at its highest levels since 2008–2009. (See "A Tale of Two Chinese Consumers," BCG article, June 2015.) There has been widespread concern that recent declines in China's stock market will dampen consumer spending. We believe such worries are exaggerated. After all, only 15% of urban households have stock investments. Furthermore, according to a survey of 2,000 Chinese consumers that BCG's Center for Customer Insight conducted after the stock market crash, macroeconomic trends have thus far had minimal influence on consumer sentiment. Only 7% of Chinese consumers responded that stock market trends would influence their decision to spend more or less. Just 8% also cited housing-market trends. Respondents indicated that other factors would be more influential: 35% cited rising incomes, for example.
Another reason for bullishness is that average consumers are spending more, and demographic trends and the expansion of e-commerce indicate that they will continue to spend more.
To understand the implications of the three forces that are changing China's consumer economy, BCG and AliResearch analyzed the relationships of demographic, social, and technological trends and consumption.
One key finding: a two-speed consumer economy is emerging in China. (See Exhibit 2.) High-speed growth is occurring in upper-income brackets, among the younger generation, and in e-commerce channels, but consumption growth is decelerating among lower-income and older-generation consumers and in traditional retail channels.
The Rise of the Upper-Middle Class. During the past few decades, China's consumer economy has been powered by the ascent of hundreds of millions of people from poverty to an emerging-middle class, which includes households with annual disposable income of $10,001 to $16,000, and to the middle class, those with incomes of $16,001 to $24,000.
China is entering a new era. Consumption growth will be driven by the dramatic rise of upper-middle-class households ($24,001 to $46,000 in annual disposable income) and affluent households (more than $46,000). We project that by 2020, the number of upper-middle-class and affluent households will double to 100 million and account for 30% of all urban households, compared with 17% today and only 7% in 2010. Furthermore, upper-middle-class and affluent households will account for 55% of Chinese urban consumption and 81% of its incremental growth over the next five years.
Consumption among upper-middle-class and affluent households is growing at 17% per year and, by 2020, will account for $1.5 trillion in incremental spending in urban China. That compares with a 5% growth rate among emerging-middle-class and middle-class consumers. Even though their share of urban consumption will drop from today's 48% to 39% in 2020, such households will continue to make up a market that is too enormous to ignore. Because more of today's low-income households will enter the lower rungs of the middle class over the next five years, these segments will still account for roughly half of urban households. The emerging-middle class and middle class will remain the biggest consumers in many categories, particularly such fast-moving consumer goods as personal-care products and detergents.
Companies will have to venture far beyond China's biggest metropolitan areas to win the loyalty of upper-middle-class and affluent households. There are high concentrations of such households in more than 2,000 Chinese cities. We estimate that to reach 80% of this market in 2020, companies will need to establish their presence in 430 cities.
We project that the number of upper-middle-class and affluent households in tier 1 cities—huge metropolises such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou—will increase by 10% per year through 2020, reaching 30 million. But the fastest growth will be in small cities. Of the 46 million additional upper-middle-class and affluent households that will emerge in China by 2020, half will likely be located outside the top 100 cities. We classify these cities as tier 4 or lower.
The Emergence of a New Generation. People born in the 1980s, 1990s, and the first decade of this century—a segment known in China as the "young generation" as opposed to the "last generation," consumers who were born in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s—are poised to become the dominant force in the consumer market. Consumption by young-generation Chinese consumers is growing at a 14% annual rate—twice the pace of consumers older than 35. The share of total consumption by the young generation is projected to increase from 45% to 53% by 2020.
Young-generation Chinese spend more than their elders. Most Chinese older than 35 have lived through periods of instability and have experienced challenging economic circumstances. They are known to be frugal. The young generation is more motivated to spend. Our data shows that upper-middle-class consumers 35 and younger average 40% higher spending, across a range of product categories, than last-generation consumers with similar incomes. In a recent BCG global consumer survey, 42% of Chinese aged 18 to 25 disagreed with the statement, "I feel I have enough things and feel less the need to buy new ones." By comparison, 36% of U.S. and EU respondents of that age-group, 32% of Japanese, and only 26% of Brazilians also disagreed with the statement.
Young-generation Chinese also tend to be more sophisticated consumers than those older than 35. They are eight times more likely to be college graduates. They travel overseas twice as much. And they are more brand conscious than older Chinese and U.S. consumers of the same age.
The Growing Role of E-Commerce. One of the most revolutionary changes in the Chinese consumer economy has been the astounding growth of e-commerce. In 2010, online transactions made up only 3% of total private consumption. The number of Chinese online shoppers has since nearly tripled, to 410 million, as has the amount that the average consumer spends online. Online channels now account for 15% of private consumption.
Over the next five years, e-commerce could become an even more important retail channel in China. Private online consumption is projected to surge by 20% annually through 2020, compared with 6% annual growth in off-line retail sales. This means that e-commerce will account for 42% of growth in private consumption. By then, China's online consumer market will have grown to $1.6 trillion annually—24% of private consumption. (See Exhibit 3.)
Mobile e-commerce, which already accounts for 51% of all online sales in China, compared with a global average of 35%, will grow even faster. On Taobao, a Chinese e-commerce marketplace founded by Alibaba, the share of sales transacted though mobile devices rather than PCs rose from 51% to 62% within the first three quarters of 2015 and reached 68% on the year's Singles Day (November 11, 2015), one of China's biggest shopping days because retailers offer special promotions. By 2020, mobile e-commerce is projected to account for 74% of all online sales in China.
In addition to offering better prices and wider selections, e-commerce actually stimulates new demand in China by filling many needs that aren't being met at brick-and-mortar stores. For example, according to Taobao, spending by the average e-shopper on organic and imported food and beverages has expanded eightfold over the past three years. Many popular online offerings, such as organic baby foods, rice, and tea, aren't carried in local stores.
Chinese consumers also buy higher-priced products online. Our research found that overall consumption of home care products, packaged foods, and personal-care items increases only moderately as Chinese households become more affluent. But according to Taobao sample data, online purchases in these categories increase by around 150% when Chinese households enter the upper-middle class. Online purchases nearly double again among affluent households. In large part, that's because these consumers can find more distinctive, premium-priced products online.
E-commerce drives consumption growth by helping companies overcome distribution challenges associated with reaching a national market and by dramatically expanding the reach of their brands. We analyzed Taobao sales of several leading premium skin-care brands that already have fairly wide coverage in department stores. We found that only 55% of Taobao's online sales originated in cities that have those goods physically available in stores; 45% of sales were from the thousands of cities that don't have those goods in stores. The trend was similar for fashion apparel and baby education products.
The three forces of change will profoundly alter the landscape of China's consumer market. The growing role of richer, younger, Internet-savvy consumers will boost demand for different kinds of products purchased through different kinds of retail channels. Indeed, this emerging consumer class will transform the structure of China's economy.
Services will become the main economic engine. Powered by the growth of the upper-middle class, spending on services in China is projected to increase 11% annually through 2020, accounting for 51% of all growth in urban consumption. Spending on physical goods, by contrast, is projected to grow by 8% per year.
One reason is that wealthier consumers spend a disproportionately greater share of their incomes on services than do lower-income consumers. Although the average income of upper-middle-class and affluent households is 2.5 times higher than that of emerging-middle- and middle-class households, the wealthier spend 3.3 times more on education, culture, and entertainment. Still, upper-middle-class and affluent households spend only 1.8 times more on physical goods than emerging-middle and middle-class consumers.
The rapid development of digital channels will further enable the growth of services. Only six months after launching its lifestyle-service channel last year, Taobao had customers in 300 cities. Most were 35 or younger and were making online arrangements for home-based services. Each day, for example, 2,600 house cleaners were booked.
Value growth will replace volume growth in many categories. The huge expansion of China's emerging-middle class over the past decades has fueled rapid revenue growth in many categories, especially fast-moving consumer goods. Volume growth in such product categories is now slowing as the market approaches saturation. Approximately 70% of such households now consume ready-to-drink tea preparations, for example, compared with fewer than 40% in 2007. Spending for many higher-value products, however, is ready to accelerate as a result of the growth of the upper-middle class. According to our analysis, as consumers enter this income segment, their consumption of luxury goods, wine, automobiles, and overseas travel increases sharply.
Consumers will engage more with brands. Young Chinese consumers are among the world's most brand conscious. On average, the Chinese consumers aged 18 to 35 we surveyed were aware of 20 skin-care brands, for example. U.S. consumers in the same age range were aware of 14. Also, 49% of young-generation Chinese said that they advocate for brands, either personally or online, compared with 34% of U.S. consumers of similar age. Young Chinese also have a greater emotional connection with brands. A top priority of 18- to 25-year-old Chinese consumers buying skin care products is that the brands should "fit their personality" and convey that they are "young and energetic."
In another sign of their growing sophistication, young Chinese are increasingly open to local brands. In our experience, first-time buyers of certain goods in emerging markets trust well-known international brands more than domestic ones. As consumers gain experience and become more knowledgeable about products, they explore alternatives. For example, of the Chinese consumers we surveyed in 2015, 46% said they prefer Chinese-brand home appliances—a 9-percentage-point increase over the response to that question in our 2007 survey. Similar shifts in preference were reported for consumer electronics, apparel, and skin care brands.
E-commerce, especially mobile, will transform the marketplace. Our research indicates that e-commerce will propel Chinese consumers to purchase different kinds of products—and in greater variety. Currently, there are only five categories in which at least 40% of e-commerce shoppers make purchases: casual wear, casual shoes, handbags, snacks, and smartphones. By 2020, we project, there will be 15 such categories, including small home appliances, financial services, cosmetics, and formal shoes.
Online consumers will also buy on a more global basis. Cross-border purchases are projected to account for 15% of total e-commerce in China by 2020, and they will be more varied. E-commerce is also reconfiguring the Chinese marketplace, unlocking purchasing power in more remote regions. According to Taobao, all ten cities with the highest market penetration of mobile e-commerce during the 2015 Singles Day campaign are in central and western China. The daily rhythms of China's marketplace are changing as well, because consumers can shop online whenever they wish. Some 33% of Taobao's online sales are transacted before 10:00 a.m. and after 8:00 p.m.
The growth of e-commerce doesn't mean companies can ignore brick-and-mortar retail. As in developed economies, online and off-line retail are becoming increasingly intertwined. A BCG study found that before they decide to make a purchase, average Chinese consumers make contact with a product through seven different touch points, such as store displays, product promotions, or social-media comments. To capture China's younger, more affluent consumer market, therefore, companies will have to offer a seamless experience across retail channels.
The demographic, social, and technological forces redefining the landscape of China's consumer market will pose both huge opportunities and competitive challenges for companies. Companies that had an early start in China no longer necessarily have a competitive advantage: in many cases, they are in product categories with little appeal for the young and have been slow to adapt to new retail trends.
To win in China's new consumer market, companies must first keep in mind that even though the era of predictably rapid, easy growth is fading, China will remain one of the world's most important growth markets. China, therefore, must remain a priority.
Because the nature of consumption is changing dramatically, however, the winning strategies of the past are becoming outdated. Greater affluence, a new generation of consumers, and the rise of e-commerce will shift the action to different product categories, branding strategies, and retail channels.
It will be more important than ever before for companies to be highly strategic in the way they pick targets. The days are over when demand in China for virtually anything seemed insatiable. Even though overall consumption will continue to boom in China over the medium term, targeting the wrong income segment, playing in the wrong categories, and being underrepresented in the fast-growing online channels will be a formula for slow growth.
The encouraging news is that it is not too late to develop a winning Chinese growth strategy. The product preferences and brand loyalties of the upper-middle class and affluent are still being defined. With China's economy entering an important transition phase, the ride over the next five years is unlikely to be smooth. The winners will be the companies that pursue sound strategies that are in tune with the forces of change—and stick with those strategies despite the bumpy road ahead.
This report would not have been possible without the efforts of our AliResearch partners Fei Song, Zhoupei Xie, Roy Wu, Chang Liu, Baoying Zhao, Zhengwei Jiang, and Yang Liu, as well as our BCG colleagues Stefani Bai, George Qiu, April Gu, and Heidi Huang. We thank Pete Engardio for his help in writing this report, as well as Katherine Andrews, Gary Callahan, Elyse Friedman, Kim Friedman, Abby Garland, Jessica Melanson, and Sara Strassenreiter for their contributions to its editing, design, and production.
Publication does not imply endorsement of views by the World Economic Forum.
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Author: Youchi Kuo is Principal at BCG, Hong Kong. Jeff Walters is the Partner & Managing Director at BCG, Hong Kong. Hongbing Gao is the Vice President of the Alibaba Group. Angela Wang is the Partner & Managing Director at BCG, Beijing. Veronique Yang is the Partner & Managing Director at BCG, Shanghai. Jian Yang is a Fellow and Vice Director at AliResearch. Zhibin Lyu is a Senior Analyst at AliResearch. Hongjie Wan is a Data Mining Engineer at AliResearch.
Image: A Chinese national flag flutters at the headquarters of a commercial bank on a financial street near the headquarters of the People's Bank of China, China's central bank, in central Beijing. REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon.
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