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House Exterior Design Tips And Ideas New Home Trends | Home Design
Right Software Home Design
Small House Exterior Home Exterior Design Ideas | Home Bases
Exterior Small Home Design
Modern Small Homes Exterior Designs Ideas Home Decor 2012 ...
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Modern small homes exterior designs ideas | PICTRENDS.
Modern small homes exterior
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Homes Exterior Ideas. New
Exterior House Painting Ideas | Home Design
Related Posts to Know How Home
Small Modern Asian House Exterior Designs » HomeIDb.
Modern Asian House Exterior
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Architecture: Fabulous Woodrow House Exterior Design Green Lawn ...
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Small Home Design | Image
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Bridgestone Dueler Ht 684 Tyres Available in Skegness
Dueler Ht 684
The Dueler H/T D684 is a Highway All-Season light truck tyre designed for sport utility vehicles driven primarily on the road. It was developed to provide aggressive looks and year round traction, even in light snow.
On the outside, the Dueler H/T D684 features a symmetric independent block tread design. Its tread blocks and all-season tread compound were developed to provide traction on dry, wet and light snow-covered roads. Internally, the Dueler H/T D684 features twin steel to stabilize the tread area and a polyester cord body to help cushion the ride.
Sorry, we currently do not have any tyres with the Dueler Ht 684 pattern in stock.
Contact us to see if we can order these in for you.

subset: commoncrawl


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Etihad Airways offer a number of optional products and services for an additional fee. These fees are summarised below.
At many airports and in the US and Canada, Etihad no longer accepts cash payments. You can only make payments using a credit, debit or payment card. If you do not have a credit, debit or payment card, please check with our airport staff to find out what third-party options are available at the airport for purchasing a payment card. Please make sure to allow extra time at the airport for this.
Optional fees may differ if you're flying with one of our partner airlines or on an Etihad Airways codeshare flight (EY*). For details, please visit the operating airline's website by following the applicable link under the "Our Partner Airlines" heading, below.
Pay for excess baggage quickly and easily online up to 30 hours before your flight. Visit Manage my booking and get up to 20% off our standard rates. You can also add excess baggage when you check in online, available up to one hour before your flight, or when you check in at the airport. All excess baggage payments are non-refundable.
Carrying items that are larger than our standard baggage dimensions? If your items weigh no more than your maximum baggage allowance, you'll just be charged an oversized baggage fee each way of your flight. Individual items weighing more than 32kg or with any single dimension exceeding 300cm will not be accepted.
More about your baggage allowance
Surf and share during your flight with unlimited Wi-Fi from $9.99. Or stay connected with our Chat package – it's free for Etihad Guest members.
Wi-Fi packages
If you have extra time at the airport, you can pay to relax in one of our lounges, with delicious food and drinks, Wi-Fi and shower facilities.
Explore our lounges
Fast-track through the airport with one of our friendly hosts. They'll help you navigate all areas of the airport, from baggage and security to boarding.
Let us help
Use any of our airport transfer services to get to and from the airport and start your trip with one less thing to worry about. Book our complimentary coach service or pay to arrange a car.
Book a transfer
Whether you're looking for a short city break or longer beach retreat, Abu Dhabi is an ideal stopover destination. Stay over on the way to your next destination for free hotel nights, exclusive deals and endless adventures in the city we call home.
Book a stopover
Subject to the fare you've booked, you can pay to guarantee an Economy seat from when you book your ticket up to one hour before you fly.
For more space to stretch out, you can pay to reserve an Extra legroom seat, or keep up to three neighbouring seats free with Economy Neighbour-Free.
Pick your seat
Need travel insurance? Travel Guard will protect you while you're travelling to or within any destination in our network.
Find out more
Our Unaccompanied Minor service is available for children aged 5 to 17 years old.
Children between the ages of 5 and 11 years can travel with our Unaccompanied Minor service for free when they fly on a normal adult fare.
Children aged 12 to 17 are permitted to travel on their own adult ticket, though you may prefer to pay to use our Unaccompanied Minor service. This service costs US $100 each way on direct flights or US $150 each way for journeys that involve connecting flights.
More about children flying alone
Upgrade your ticket and fly in Business or First. You can pay for an upgrade using your Etihad Guest Miles, place a bid, ask us for an upgrade at the airport or call our contact centre.
Upgrade now
Optional fees may differ if you're flying with one of our partner airlines or on an Etihad Airways codeshare flight (EY*).


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If I prefer to hear US/Canadian Siri, will she understand my Australian accent?
Sorry Australian-voiced Siri, but you sound too much like the Telstra automated bill payment system voice. And I'm used to hearing the US/Canada Siri so I would rather select that language option in Settings.
Apple's Siri FAQ page says:
"the more you use Siri, the better it will understand you. It does this by learning about your accent and other characteristics of your voice. Siri uses voice recognition algorithms to categorize your voice into one of the dialects or accents it understands"
I am curious about whether it will correctly categorize my voice as being from an entirely different region to the one I have selected or just pick an accent from within the region I have chosen and maybe never achieve the best potential accuracy. It seemed that after I switched to "English (United States)" accuracy went down. I haven't been using it long enough to decide whether it is improving.


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Thanks to Lisa who helped me drag that filthy weighty cardboard box full of magazines out of the shed, up the driveway and finally somehow into the trunk of her car (with wasps still trying to make a nest in her braid) - and later for helping me get it out of the same trunk and onto my porch where it eventually fell apart, spilling out magazines like a musty piñata. I've only begun to barely look at them but here are some sneak peeks at the splendor:
I can't wait to have a big chunk of time to go through them all! On a related note, if you hear me talking about buying a "smaller house" and "downsizing" just slap me. I'm pretty sure that the Mister wishes that I'd collect something small like say, stamps.
Until next time,
x's and o's,


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New Planet Kepler 22b May Prove We're Not Alone in the Universe [VIDEO]
Monday marks the day when astronomers made a startling announcement: after years of searching, they've discovered an Earth-like planet outside the solar system that may very well be habitable.
The new planet Kepler 22b circles a star about 600 light years away — close by astronomical standards — and has a size and distance from its own star that could make for an average surface temperature of just 72 degrees.
Scientist Natalie Batalha of the Kepler space telescope discovery team said the planet is "right smack in the middle of the habitable zone" since it isn't too hot or too cold to harbor oceans as Earth does. Liquid water has long been considered key for development of life on a planet's surface.
"This is a phenomenal discovery in the course of human history," says planet hunting pioneer Geoff Marcy of the University of California-Berkeley, a Kepler investigator, adding Kepler 22b "is the smallest, most nearly Earth-size, planet ever found in the lukewarm zone around another sun where life could thrive."


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July 23 to Aug. 22: A shift in workplace management could be helpful for talented leos and leonas who have been waiting to have their accomplishments rewarded by receptive leadership.
Aug. 23 to Sept. 22: A misunderstanding between you and someone you care for should be corrected immediately. This relationship is too important to lose over a bruised ego.
Sept. 23 to Oct. 22: A welcome piece of good news helps clear the air in a family situation. A job-related incident also eases as more information provides a clearer focus on the problem.
Oct. 23 to Nov. 21: Quick action to heal bruised feelings pays off in a big way.
Now you'll be able to move forward with your plans without that problem holding you back.
Nov. 22 to Dec. 21: Your creativity combined with a positive attitude should give you a considerable edge in finding a way to get around the negativity you've run into.
Dec. 22 to Jan. 19: That sudden streak of stubbornness could cause some problems.
Try to be more open to helpful suggestions and more flexible in making needed changes.
Jan. 20 to Feb. 18: Now that that special relationship appears to be well and truly restored, you can spend more time dealing with those long-needed workplace changes.
Feb. 19 to March 20: A new opportunity sounds promising. But watch out for any conditions that might be attached. Before making a decision, ask that each one be explained in detail.
March 21 to April 19: Your honesty might upset some people, but you inevitably win more admirers for having the courage to tell the truth when others are more likely to scramble for cover.
April 20 to May 20: Your efforts to defend your project begin to show favorable results. You should soon be able to win over even the most determined detractors who had lined up against it.
May 21 to June 20: You win praise for your selfless efforts in a very difficult situation. But be careful not to allow your generous nature to be exploited by those who have their own agenda.
June 21 to July 22: A trusted colleague sheds light on a recent spate of puzzling workplace situations. This should give you the information you need to bring to your superior's attention.
Horoscopes for week of Aug. 14-20
Sign up for our E-Newsletters


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{owl ipad case, coin purse, wristlet}
{elephant ipad case, coin purse, wristlet}
{frog scarf, coin purse, wristlet}
Salvatore Ferragamo 'Animal Capsule' gift collection consists of coin purses, cases for the modern gadgets, mini bags, silk scarves and wristlets. The range is in vibrant sapphire blue, pink quartz and topaz orange colors featuring the most iconic animal foulard prints taken from Ferragamo's archive - owl, frog and elephant, adorned with 3D leather appliqué details. There are more items from the range that can be found at Ferragamo's website here.


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- This event has passed.
Event Series:
Transportation | Art at KSB exhibition
Transportation | Art at KSB exhibition
Wednesday, March 22, 2023 @ 9:00 am – 5:00 pm
Jan. 7 – March 31, 2023
Formerly known as "Trains, Planes, and Automobiles."
This exhibit shows an artist's interpretation of the importance of the many modes of transportation in our daily lives.
It is open to all artists over the age of 18 and will only feature original 2-D art. The work should be for audiences of all ages.
KSB Hospital | Commerce Towers
The art will be displayed on the first floor of KSB Commerce Towers, 215 E 1st St, Dixon, IL 61021.
Artist Deadlines and Application
Entry deadline | Dec. 23, 2022
Deliver artwork to TNPS | by Jan. 2, 2023
Opens to the public | Jan. 7, 2023
Artwork pickup at TNPS | beginning Apr. 5, 2023


text:
...one of the most highly
regarded and expertly designed C++ library projects in the
— Herb Sutter and Andrei
Alexandrescu, C++
Coding Standards
Construct a basic_socket_iostream
establishing a connection.
basic_socket_iostream(); » more...
Establish a connection to an endpoint corresponding to a resolver query.
template< typename T1, ... , typename TN> explicit basic_socket_iostream( T1 t1, ... , TN tn); » more...


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How durable is a plastic bag?
Takeaways from a plastic bag
Jan. 8, 2018 - Willem L. Middelkoop
About five months ago I got some take away food from our local Asian restaurant. They packaged the food and gave me a plastic bag to carry it home. On my way home I was thinking about the bag. Although it has some nice styling printed on it, it's designed for single use only. What a waste... making me wonder: how long would it last if you would use it on a daily basis?
Continue reading


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Privacy Policy
1.1 This privacy policy ("Privacy Policy") is issued by Electrolux Philippines, Inc. and its related companies (individually or collectively referred to as "Electrolux", "we", "our" or "us"). This Privacy Policy applies to the products, services and/or website(s) provided by Electrolux.
1.2 Electrolux is committed to protecting your privacy and personal data, as defined in the Philippine Data Privacy Act ("DPA"). This Privacy Policy explains how we collect, use, disclose and/or process your personal data. This Privacy Policy should be read in conjunction with the Electrolux Terms and Conditions.
1.3 Electrolux reserves the right to amend this Privacy Policy from time to time. We will notify you of any changes to the Privacy Policy by publishing the updated Privacy Policy on our Site at https://www.electrolux.com.ph/data-protection-policy/. Please check the Site or send your request by email to firstname.lastname@example.com if you would like to receive the latest updated Privacy Policy. Our "Site(s)" are our websites and online applications.
2.1 Generally, the personal data we collect, use, disclose, process and/or store include your name, address (including email address) and contact details (which may include home, business and mobile phone numbers). It is possible that where a specific product or service is involved, we may collect personal data from you that relates to that particular product, service or warranty repair. The types of personal data that we may collect, use, disclose and/or process as part of our day-to-day operations or in the ordinary course of our business and depending on the nature of interaction with the individual in question and the circumstances in question, include:
- Full name, personal identification number of individual, mobile/residential telephone number, personal email address and/or residential address;
- Financial data such as bank account numbers and/or credit card details;
- Photograph, video image or voice recordings of individuals;
- Age or birth date;
- Personal product preferences;
- Products and services an individual may have purchased/enquired about together with any data necessary to deliver, repair and maintain those products and services or to respond to enquiries;
- Data relating to individuals provided to Electrolux directly through its websites or indirectly through use of Electrolux's websites, through Electrolux's third parties or otherwise;
- Data provided to Electrolux through its customer service channels, surveys, visits by and to Electrolux's representatives from time to time;
- Data from access to or usage of Electrolux's premises, facilities and/or resources;
- Cookies, pixel tags, web beacons, IP addresses and navigational data.
2.2 The information that we collect from you when you interact with us online depends on the tasks you complete on the Site, the products or services that you obtain from us and/or your interactions with us. From time to time, you may be able to interact with us anonymously or by pseudonym.
2.3 You have no obligation to provide any of the personal data requested by us. However, if you choose not to provide us with certain personal data or withdraw your consent, we may not be able to deal with your request, and/or provide you with the products or services that depend on our ability to collect, use, disclose or process, or which require, your personal data. We also may not be able to respond to your inquiry or instructions without your personal data.
2.4 When you visit and browse through our Site or use our products, we collect data for statistical and maintenance purposes that enables us to evaluate the performance of our Site or products. Such general information includes:
- the number of users visiting our Site or using our products and the number of pages viewed;
- the date, time and duration of visits; and
- the path taken through our Site.
Such information will not identify you and we will not combine it with any information in a manner whereby we can identify you.
2.5 When you interact with us for matters where logically your personal data is required by us in order to deal with your interaction, your request or activity, we would need to obtain personal data from you in order to complete such interaction, such as your online application for our product or services information and/or your registration of our products or services that you had obtained or are obtaining from us ("Product Registration"). When completing the Product Registration process or requesting other product or service information or when using the contact us function on our Site, you may need to complete an online form on the Site. Our online forms will ask you to provide personal data and such personal data will/may be collected, used, disclosed and/or processed by us for one or more of the Purposes (as defined below) and/or any other purposes stated in that form. You will have the right to choose whether or not to provide personal data or withdraw your consent, although if certain needed personal data is not provided to us, it will mean that we may not be able to deal with your request or transaction in question.
2.6 You can contact us by e-mail via email@example.com. In such instances, you have the choice whether or not to provide personal data other than your name and e-mail address.
2.7 The Site is not intended for use by any person below the age of 18. We do not and do not intend to, transact through the Site directly with, nor sell or ship any items ordered through the Site directly to, anyone we know to be under the age of 18. If you are under the age of 18, you should use the Site only with the involvement of and through your parent or guardian and should not submit any personal data to us. By providing any personal data to us, you affirm that you are at least 18 years of age and above and agree to the terms set out in this Privacy Policy.
3.1 Electrolux collects personal data in a number of ways, including but not limited to the following instances:
- when you request information concerning a product of interest to you, make other enquiries or place an order for our products or services;
- when you interact with us such as through our customer call centres or with our technicians during site visits, or through your access and use of the Site, or our online and telephone services;
- when you purchase or register warranties for, Electrolux's products and/or service;
- when you attend an event, enter a competition or participate in a promotion, organised or run by us;
- when you register your purchase(s) so you can receive all the benefits to which your purchase(s) entitles you;
- when you enter your personal details on our websites (for example when you sign up to receive our newsletters), when you provide information via fax or over the telephone or in documents such as warranty registration forms;
- when you register as a member of one of our loyalty clubs or membership programs;
- when you provide feedback on our products or services, or when you complete any application forms, purchase orders, questionnaires or surveys, or participate in our competitions;
- when you engage with us by social media, such as by posting on our Facebook page;
- from third parties such as our related companies, contractors and agents;
- from sources of information which are available to the public;
- from records relating to the use, service and repair of your Electrolux products;
- when you provide us with your personal data; and
- from our other Sites.
3.2 Any information which is not capable of identifying you, such as the number of users visiting this Site, is collected through code embedded in the pages of this Site. You are unable to disable the code on these pages.
3.3 Other information, such as browser type, is included in a "cookie". Cookies are pieces of information that a website can transfer to an individual's computer hard drive for record keeping. Cookies make using our Site easier by storing information about your choices on a particular website. This will enable you to take full advantage of the services offered to you. The use of cookies is an industry standard utilised by most major websites. Most Internet browsers are set to accept cookies. If you would prefer not to receive cookies you are able to adjust your Internet browser to disable cookies or to warn you when cookies are being used.
3.4 We may use cookies to identify you from other users on the Site. As mentioned above, a cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we store on your browser or the hard drive of your computer or device. You can block or deactivate cookies in your browser settings. We use log-in cookies in order to remember you when you have logged in for a seamless experience. We use session cookies to track your movements from page to page and in order to store your selected inputs so you are not constantly asked for the same information. The Site uses Google Analytics which is one of the most widespread and trusted analytics solution on the web for helping us to understand how you use the Site and ways that we can improve your experience. These cookies may track things such as how long you spend on the Site and the pages that you visit so we can continue to produce engaging content. By continuing to use the Site, you are agreeing to the use of cookies on the Site as outlined above. However, please note that we have no control over the cookies used by third parties. For further information on types of cookies and how they work, visit www.allaboutcookies.org.
3.5 We may use flash cookies. "Flash Cookies" (also called Local Shared Objects or "LSOs") are data files similar to cookies, except that they can store more complex data. Flash Cookies are used to remember settings, preferences, and usage, particularly for video, interactive gaming, and other similar services. We may use web beacons. Web beacons are small graphic images on a web page or in an e-mail that can be used for such things as recording the pages and advertisements clicked on by users, or tracking the performance of e-mail marketing campaigns. We may use analytics tags. If so, we use analytical tags to analyse what our customers like to do and the effectiveness of our features and advertising. They can also help us customize your browsing and shopping experience. We may use information collected through analytical tags or tracked links in combination with your personal data for the Purposes. We may also combine personal data you provide to us with other of your personal data (such as purchase history and demographic information) for the Purposes.
3.6 This Site may include hyperlinks that enable you to access a number of other websites and online applications operated by Electrolux or by our related companies. These other Electrolux websites and online applications are subject to their specific Privacy Policy and if there is none, then subject to this Privacy Policy. Where this Site includes hyperlinks to third party websites not operated by Electrolux we recommend that you read the privacy and security provisions relevant to those sites in order that you understand how those organisations will deal with your personal data. We are not responsible for the content or privacy practices of those third party sites.
4.1 Electrolux will/may collect, use, disclose and/or process your personal data for one or more of the following purposes:
(a) administering, facilitating, processing and/or dealing in any matters relating to your use or access of the Site, including identifying you for login to the Site, our portals and other online services provided by or on behalf of us. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, if you:
(i) gain access to or sign in to the Site, using your login credentials of a Social Networking Site, or
(ii) use any features of a Social Networking Site such as its widgets, plug-ins and browser push notifications, made available to you on our Site,
it may result in information or your personal data being collected or shared between us and the third party. For example, if you use Facebook's "Like" feature, Facebook may register the fact that you "liked" a product and may post that information on Facebook. ("Social Networking Site" refers to an online or digital platform owned or operated by a third party, that is used by people to build social networks or social relations, or to interact, with other people, such as but not limited to Facebook, Instagram, Twitter). By your proceeding pursuant to (i) or (ii) above, you consent to such collection, use or disclosure of your personal data;
(b) monitoring, processing and/or tracking your use of the Site in order to provide you with a seamless experience, facilitating or administering your use of the Site, and/or to assist us in improving your experience in using the Site;
(c) assessing and processing your request for the purchase of and/or subscription to our products and/or services;
(d) processing payment relating to your purchase of our products and/or services (including but not limited to repair and maintenance works to be carried out on the products);
(e) registering you as a customer of Electrolux and/or to deal with, process and/or administer the account that you may open with us, whether a membership account or otherwise, including to facilitate your transactions or activities on the Site, or your transactions or activities with us, or your registration of a warranty for the Electrolux product(s)/service(s) that you have obtained, have purchased or are using;
(f) administering, facilitating, processing and/or dealing with your relationship with us, any transactions or activities carried out by you on the Site or at our retail stores. This includes processing your application, orders and payment transactions; implementing transactions and the supply of products and/or services to you that you have requested. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, should you make a purchase to be delivered to a third party recipient, you consent to us disclosing personal data that identifies you, to the said third party recipient (such as but not limited to your name). Further, you acknowledge and agree that delivery of your purchase could involve disclosure of certain personal data about you to bring about delivery of the same such as your name and contact details, which may be disclosed on the cover of the parcel, on an envelope or a delivery related document, as the case may be, which could be seen by third parties who view such parcel, envelope or said document;
(g) carrying out your instructions or responding to any enquiry given by (or purported to be given by) you or on your behalf including responding to your customer service enquiries and complaints; or responding to or dealing with your interactions with us;
(h) contacting you or communicating with you via phone/voice call, text message and/or fax message, email and/or postal mail for the purposes of administering and/or managing your use of the Site, your membership and/or account with us, your relationship with us or any transactions made by you with us. You acknowledge and agree that such communication by us could be by way of the mailing of correspondence, documents or notices to you, which could involve disclosure of certain personal data about you to bring about delivery of the same as well as on the external cover of envelopes/mail packages;
(i) providing services to you as our account holder, as our customer, as a member of our loyalty or other program(s) or when requested by you; dealing with or administering your participation in contests, gamification, social events organized by us;
(j) sharing or disclosing (at our discretion) your suggestions, comments, feedback or content (including audio, video etc.) (collectively "Feedback") that you provide through Social Networking Sites, to the Site or to us (including at the retail stores), with other users of the Site or with the public, for publicity and/or promotion purposes with a view to marketing or showcasing the business, products or services of Electrolux, and/or to acquiring customers, and/or for the purpose of providing the public with your Feedback which may be useful for the public's purchasing decision or for the public's information or otherwise. This includes us disclosing your name together with your Feedback. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the above regard, your Feedback and name may/will be published or shared by us on public media platforms such as the newspaper, the Internet, in our (including our affiliates') annual reports (if any) etc., and/or incorporated as part of Electrolux's marketing collaterals/materials or corporate video to be disclosed to the public, and you hereby consent to the same. Do not provide us with Feedback if you do not wish for such Feedback to be disclosed to the public. If you wish to give us your Feedback without it being disclosed to the public, please separately email our Customer Department at email@example.com and head the subject of your email with the word "Confidential";
(k) understanding your interests, concerns and preferences;
(l) to comply with or enforce the terms and conditions of any contract or agreement entered into by or on behalf of Electrolux (and/or its associated entity) to which Electrolux (and/or its associated entity) is otherwise bound or is obliged to observe;
(m) identifying you and assisting you in your use of our products, services and website services;
(n) for marketing purpose and in this regard, we would be providing you with marketing, advertising and promotional information, materials and/or documents relating to products, contests, services and/or events (including those of third party organisations with which Electrolux may collaborate with) that Electrolux (including its affiliates/related corporations) or such third party organisations may be selling, marketing, offering, organizing, involved in or promoting, whether such products, services and/or events exist now or are created in the future by any mode of communication, including but not limited to by way of postal mail, electronic transmission to your email address(es), push notifications, other forms of in-app notifications or harnessing other technologies (such as geo-location technology) for our mobile application(s) ("App") on your mobile device(s) or other technologies on your computers, in compliance with applicable local data protection law (i.e. the DPA). You may opt out of this or withdraw from this at any time by sending an email to our DPO;
For the avoidance of doubt, this subparagraph is without prejudice to subparagraph (s) below for which you have hereby consented to us contacting you for a survey, which you may subsequently opt out of by sending our DPO notice;
(o) carrying out due diligence or other screening activities (including background checks) in accordance with legal or regulatory obligations(whether the Philippines or foreign country) applicable to us or our affiliates/associated companies, the requirements or guidelines of governmental authorities (whether the Philippines or foreign country) which we determine are applicable to us or our affiliates/associated companies, and/or our risk management procedures that may be required by law (whether the Philippines or foreign country) or that may have been put in place by us or our affiliates/associated companies;
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Data Protection Officer
Electrolux Philippines, Inc.
12/F Cyber Sigma Building,
Lawton Avenue, McKinley West,
1634 Taguig City, Philippines
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
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text: logo Posted by Georgia Ampelakiotou Date 10 November 2015 Comments 0 comment Georgia Ampelakiotou Georgia Ampelakiotou She made her first cake on December of 2011 for her daughters birthday. Soon she realised that her passion was in modelling so she dedicated all her free time trying to improve her skills on that. On 2012 she started teaching modelling classes in Greece but also abroad. At November in 2016 she won a gold metal in Cake International Show On March 2017 she got First gold metal and Best in Show International, on Cake International On November 2018 she got another gold metal in the collaboration cake category, on Cake International.


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Large Click on this slide show to see documentation of LARGE works such as Hospitality, Housing, Mixed Use, Museums, Schools and Transportation. Design doesn't differentiate between the scale of work. All problems are unique to particular circumstances therefore solutions are generated for that situation. (click any slideshow for next page) |
Small Click on the slide show to the right for drawings and photographs of SMALL works like Country Houses, Town Houses, Apartments, Lofts, and Office Interiors. Ideas are the tools of design and can take any form or move in any direction. If style is an assemblage of ideas then it is a product of the design process. |
Sustainable Click on this slide show for plans and images of SUSTAINABLE works involving Daylighting, Views, Solar Heating and Fresh Air. An approach that utilizes particular ideas and materials arranged in such a way so that their outcome, the work, is self maintaining in any number of ways. (mouse over slideshow to pause) |


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In my double period 9th grade English class last week, two boys who sit in the second-to-the-back-row were clearly very sleepy. During our "practice reading" time (the first 20 minutes of class when students read a book of their choice), they kept on putting their heads down.
I went over to speak with them, and told them that I could understand sitting in a school desk and wanting to fall asleep. In fact, I said, just last week I fell asleep at an English Department meeting. My close friend and colleague (and co-author with me of an upcoming book on teaching writing to English-language learners) was running the meeting and woke me up. I then went out, got a drink of water, and came back refreshed.
But, I continued, I should have done that before I fell asleep—sometimes we just have to "suck it up" and take responsibility. I told the students that if they were sleepy, they could ask for a hall pass to get a drink of water, stand in the back of the room and read, or they could sit on the desk right behind them as long as they were just reading—having to sit up should keep them awake. I also said that I was very open to hearing other ideas from them about what they could do to stay awake, and how I could possibly help.
Their ears perked up at the idea of sitting on the desk and reading, so the two of them did it and were soon engrossed in their books. A few minutes later, three other boys in that same row came up to me and said they were sleepy, too, and asked if they could sit on the desks behind them. I told them that would be OK, as long as they were just reading and not trying to show off.
Soon, five teenage boys were sitting silently on desks in the back of the room, all clearly focused on reading their books. It would have made quite a picture—one I would have taken with my brand new iPhone if I had thought of it.
Who knows if they will want to continue the practice, but I think there is a useful lesson for me in this experience, and perhaps for other classroom teachers as well.
We need to keep "our eyes on the prize." The prize, in this case, was three-fold:
• Students should enjoy reading, and do so in a way that is not disruptive to anyone else.
• Students should learn that if they are having a problem, they need to take responsibility for fixing it (and, by the way, this will connect to a lesson I'm planning on the importance of getting enough sleep).
• My relationship with these students (still developing in these early weeks of the school year) should be constructive and open, which will only help me be a more effective teacher for them and help them to want to learn more.
Of course, I could have decided that the "prize" was compliance, and just kept on going back to them, telling them to keep their heads up, or ordering them to go outside. Or punishing them in some other way. But where's the learning in that?
Obviously, there are times in class when it is easier to be flexible than others. But how often do we ignore the opportunity to take advantage of flexibility and instead respond punitively out of habit—without thinking of the ground we might gain by following a different course? I just wonder how many times all of us, including me, keep our eyes on the wrong prize.
The next day, everybody chose to read in their seats. However, at one point, one of those same students put his head down. I waited for a minute to see what might happen. Would he decide to do something that would keep him awake? But before he had a chance, his friend who sits at the next desk quickly poked him gently and said, "Why don't you sit on the desk?"
For me, that's a prize worth keeping an eye on. How about you?


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Elizabeth, Mary, and Sophia Peabody managed to extend the boundaries that cramped the lives of nineteenth-century women. Elizabeth introduced the kindergarten movement to America, Mary developed a new philosophy of mothering that we now take for granted, and Sophia was liberated from invalidism by her passionate love for her husband.
September/October 1987
Other men," Ralph Waldo Emerson told an admiring crowd in Boston's Odeon Theater toward the end of 1845, "are lenses through which we read our own minds." The eminent philosopher then went on to tell his audience of the importance in their lives of "Representative Men," such as Plato, Shakespeare, Napoleon, and Goethe. "These men correct the delirium of the animal spirits, make us considerate, and engage us to new aims and powers," Emerson concluded. "Thus we feed on genius...."
Emerson's lecture series "Representative Men" became one of his most famous, for Emerson spoke directly to his listeners' need for new models of action in the tumultuous decades before the Civil War. To this day his phrase "Representative Men" reverberates, reminding us not so much of the heroes Emerson identified in 1845 as of Emerson himself and the men he inspired during New England's flowering: Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, Whitman, and many more.
There were women, too, among Emerson's listeners. In his audience, no doubt, was the forty-one-year-old Elizabeth Peabody, one of the few female members of Emerson's elite Transcendental Club. She was the printer and publisher of his literary journal The Dial and the oldest of three sisters who could well be called the "Representative Women" of their time. Elizabeth's thirty-nine-year-old sister, Mary, might also have been in Emerson's audience that day, for she, too, attended his lectures whenever she could. Or perhaps she had stayed home that night, for three years earlier Mary had at last, after a long, secret courtship, married Horace Mann; now she was pregnant with their second child. Elizabeth's youngest sister, the thirty-six-year-old Sophia, was a talented painter who had studied Emerson's writings on nature and art and gratefully received his praise of her work. But she most likely never attended his lectures, because severe migraine headaches had confined her to bed through much of her young adulthood. Now the beautiful Sophia was a recovered invalid, married to Nathaniel Hawthorne and living in Salem while her husband served the apprenticeship at the customhouse that would lead to his writing The Scarlet Letter.
What must Elizabeth Peabody have thought, listening that day to the revered Emerson, whose only explicit reference to women was the offhand remark that women learn "by sympathy...as a wife arrives at the intellectual and moral elevations of her husband"? Those words probably rankled Peabody, who never married and who had proved herself every bit as able a scholar as Emerson. After all, more than twenty years before, young "Waldo" himself had told her when she came to him for private tutoring in Greek that she already knew as much as he did. Ever since then Elizabeth Peabody had been earning a living as a teacher, writer, and lecturer, exploiting her extensive knowledge of languages, literature, and history as best she could in a city that still forbade women entrance to its institutions of higher learning, both as students and as teachers. Whose genius could she "feed on"? What lessons could she learn from "Representative Men"?
Nonetheless, the same words that to a modern ear sound condescending were heard as compliments by most nineteenth-century women. When Emerson addressed a women's rights convention in Boston, he joined the women in calling for female suffrage but based his support for the cause on a view of women as special creatures, very different from men. "Man is the will, and Woman the sentiment," he told this audience. "More vulnerable, more infirm, more mortal than men...[women] lose themselves eagerly in the glory of their husbands and children....Women are, by this and their social influence, the civilizers of mankind."
In 1855 this speech brought applause, not catcalls, from feminists. A new age for women was dawning, in which they might ask for voting rights but also take pride in their role as "civilizers" within the home. Elizabeth Peabody, with her hardwon career as a writer and educator; Mary Peabody Mann, with her joy in motherhood; Sophia Peabody Hawthorne, with her illness, her art, and her transfiguring love for her husband—each of the three Peabody sisters in her turn lived out a new pattern for womankind. Their lives can be the lenses through which we may read the minds of America's women.
The American Revolution had brought a sense of heady freedom and exhilarating responsibility to American men; no other modern nation had promised its citizens self-rule. By the 1830s and 1840s men in the established urban centers of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia were already working toward a second revolution—one that was both social and personal. Reformers like Horace Mann, Samuel Gridley Howe, and others founded schools and hospitals for the blind, the deaf, the insane, and launched a great national campaign to improve public education. Crusaders for personal liberty like Emerson, Henry Thoreau, and the more radical Bronson Alcott and Orestes Brownson set up a cry for independence of mind and style of living such as had not been heard since the Pilgrims left Leiden for the New World. Their programs included communes, pacifism, pantheism, simplicity in dress and food, and, above all, self-examination.
But what of the women of the young Republic? By most standards, women were passed over by these waves of reform. Their husbands and sons and fathers had gained the vote. They had not. Even some rights that had been theirs under the old colonial governments, such as the right to represent themselves in court, were written out of the new legislation. Then, as industrialism gained momentum, women were left behind in the home as their men went out to work. How was a woman supposed to find time for self-examination now that she had full responsibility for rearing her children and running a household? How could she feel important when, despite her hard work, her husband's was the voice that would be heard in all legal matters?
Yet history can never be fully told by simply tallying gains and losses. American women of the nineteenth century were pioneers in a domestic wilderness, and what mattered to them was their performing to the utmost a "civilizing" role for the men and children in their lives.
For Mary Peabody the first task was to find the right man. She and her sisters had grown up in what has been politely called genteel poverty. Both their parents had been schoolteachers when they married, and for as long as the Peabody girls could remember, they had lived in houses with one parlor set aside for a schoolroom. But Mrs. Peabody, the granddaughter of a wealthy Revolutionary War hero whose businesses had failed during the postwar years, had higher hopes for her husband. She urged him to become a doctor, and he trained for several years in the profession. But the young Dr. Peabody, the only member of an obscure rural branch of the famous New England clan "who stepped out of the furrow into a gentle profession," preferred to experiment with the new science of dentistry. By some accounts, he spent more hours writing tracts on the care of teeth and testing herbal remedies than attending patients, and he was always willing to take time off to teach his older daughters Latin and Greek or lead them on nature walks. Mrs. Peabody continued as a main support of the family until her girls were grown.
The young Mary Peabody could not afford to bide her time attending cotillions and teas. Every bit as bright as her older sister, Mary moved to Boston in her late teens to teach in Elizabeth's schools and was drawn along with Elizabeth into the highest intellectual and reform circles. It must have seemed to them that the most exciting men of their time were already married—William Ellery Channing, Alcott, Emerson. This didn't stop Elizabeth from forming close platonic relationships with each of these men. Looking back on this phase in an article she wrote in the 1870s defending women's right to higher education, Mary wrote sympathetically of the "noble army of unmarried women, who are often in the respectable ranks of 'spinsterism'...out of self-respect...."
In their mid-twenties Elizabeth and Mary moved into a boardinghouse that ran on the combined intellectual wattage of some of the brightest minds of their day. At Mrs. Clarke's the sisters met their landlady's son, James Freeman Clarke, soon to become an outspoken Unitarian minister; the historian Jared Sparks, at work on The Writings of George Washington, which eventually would land him the president's chair at Harvard; the up-and-coming lawyer-editor George Hillard; and the recently widowed politician Horace Mann.
Both Peabody women were immediately attracted to the grieving thirty-six-year-old widower, whose young wife, Charlotte, had died of tuberculosis. Because he had been a married man, Elizabeth felt it proper to invite Mann to the sisters' private parlor unchaperoned. In the name of sympathy she held his hand, combed his hair, massaged his forehead, and more than once allowed him to embrace her.
But it was Mary who finally won Mann's heart, though the couple were not to marry for ten years. Mann was deeply in debt, having taken responsibility for a widowed sister's large family and a ne'er-do-well brother's business failures. But most important, he was too brokenhearted to think of starting a new family. Never certain of her beloved's feelings until he proposed to her the month before their wedding, Mary survived those years believing "it is far better for the soul to live in an ideal union with a possible twin-soul than to enter marriage upon a low plane of thought or feeling." For from the first time Mann smiled at her, Mary felt "here was life and something to do....It was to make that smile perpetual."
Throughout that anxious decade Mary visited and corresponded with Mann, offering him her support in his new project—the reform of the Massachusetts common schools. This was no small offer, for as a teacher Mary had a good deal more experience with children than did Mann the statesman. Mary published at least one anonymous article defending Mann's methods, and she began to write her own educational works for children and parents. The first of these, published in 1838, was called The Flower People, a collection of tales about a little girl named Mary who makes the acquaintance, one by one, of common garden plants. In these imaginary conversations with crocuses, violets, anemones, and geraniums, Mary Peabody was putting forth a radical educational view: that young children could be taught science through direct experience of the natural world. It would be nearly a century before John Dewey reached the same conclusion.
At last came the wedding, on May 1, 1843, a family affair with Mary and Horace's old boardinghouse companion James Freeman Clarke officiating. The couple planned an extended European honeymoon with their friends the newlyweds Samuel Gridley Howe and Julia Ward Howe (the future suffragist and author of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic"). The couples' itinerary featured prisons, reform schools, insane asylums, institutions for the blind and the deaf. In short, it was to be a working holiday on which Mary, with her knowledge of foreign languages, was to serve as interpreter.
Mary could only delight that at last she had a "legal right to comb his hair & hold his head." She wrote to Elizabeth when she reached London that "Mr. M & I shut the door of the little dining room and sat down together alone for the first time & it seemed a little bit like a home feeling. The only evil in my lot thus far has been this being in public....What a pleasant season that will be...when we are at housekeeping!!!"
Her wish would soon come true, for while in Europe Mary became pregnant. As soon as possible after their return to New England, Mary and Horace built a house in West Newton, Massachusetts, that would be as progressive as the family that lived in it. The Manns installed one of the earliest central furnaces in the United States and a "bathing room with a pump, as hot as Tophet, and a water closet annexed, hotter still." These newfangled conveniences were not just whimsy. After waiting so long for marriage, the couple faced parenthood with the burdens of demanding work and advanced age. Mary Mann was now nearly forty; her husband, almost fifty. They needed whatever comforts they could afford.
Among Horace Mann's papers is a newspaper clipping claiming the scientific benefits of rearing children late in life. The offspring, it was supposed, would inherit the health and greater brainpower of its mature parents. Mary and Horace Mann believed in this kind of speculation, but they were also part of a trend familiar to our own day for couples to postpone marriage and bear fewer children. Mary's mother had married at twenty-four and given birth to seven children; Mary married at thirty-six and reared only three.
In most other ways Mary's life was not to be a common one. Her wish to remain out of public scrutiny was never realized. Horace Mann was destined to become first a controversial opponent of corporal punishment and sectarianism in public education, then an outspoken abolitionist in the U.S. Congress, and finally the first president of Antioch College, an innovative, fully coeducational institution.
Mary continued her quiet support of her husband at home and in daily letters when his work took him out of town. And she turned her considerable skills to educating her children at home. Some of her experiments backfired. When she and her husband tried speaking only in French to their youngest son, Benjey, in hope that he might become bilingual, the boy's speech became a muddle, understandable only to his immediate family. But for the most part, Mary held out for common sense. When her husband's schoolteacher sister pressed Mary to give the four-year-old Horace, Jr., lessons in geography, she calmly refused. "I have not quite made up my mind yet," Mary wrote to her husband, "to confine his ideas of creation within small boundary lines."
All this time Mary Mann was formulating a philosophy that she was to publish in her popular Christianity in the Kitchen: A Physiological Cookbook. It was the housewife's duty, Mary believed, to educate herself in the latest scientific knowledge in order to keep her family healthy. Citing the research of the best men of science, she warned her readers against rich and fatty foods and advised moderation in spices and abstinence from alcohol. Some of her notions sound needlessly frugal or old-fashioned today. "Compounds, like wedding cake, suet plum-puddings, and rich turtle soup, are masses of indigestible material, which should never find their way to any Christian table,"she wrote. "It looks ominous to see a bridal party celebrating nuptials by taking poison." Yet underlying these injunctions is the modern principle of preventive medicine. "A book of reckoning is kept for the offences of the stomach, as well as for those of the heart," Mary Mann wrote. "If asked why I pronounce these and similar dishes unchristian, I answer, that health is one of the indispensable conditions of the highest morality and beneficence." Her book was perhaps the first of many cookbooks combining an inspirational message with the latest scientific findings to be published during the second half of the nineteenth century as her brand of domestic feminism took hold. Fannie Farmer founded her cooking school with the same elevated goals.
Mary Mann and her readers were not radicals. They did not believe, as a few ambitious women like her older sister argued, that women should be permitted to leave the home to join men in the professions. Instead, their goal was to professionalize the home. This movement gave women a sense of power and achievement that compensated for their lack of political influence. Indeed, domestic feminism convinced many women that they were above politics. They were the "civilizers of mankind," just as Emerson had said.
The youngest Peabody sister, Sophia, embodied another special female power that Emerson described. Ironically this power left Sophia an invalid for almost half her life. "Man is the will, and Woman the sentiment," Emerson had said. As Sophia Peabody neared adulthood, sentiment became her enemy. She was a talented painter, but her sensitivity to beauty was so acute that she often felt too overwhelmed to record her responses on canvas. "My heart never moves to joy or grief without sending out a ministry of pain through all my nerves," she wrote in a letter to Elizabeth. "This is so sure & fixed a law of my nature...[that] I should go to some far off turret & live in profound solitude—where the interests of humanity & the noise of matter could never reach me—Then I might paint perhaps—tho' my members would even object to that—because it requires so much soul to paint."
The result was disabling headaches that lasted days, and then weeks, keeping Sophia from the art she dearly loved. As she spent more time in bed, Sophia suffered lameness, heart palpitations, fevers, and dizziness.
Was Sophia's illness psychosomatic, rooted in the conflict she must have felt as a female artist in a time when the only painters she knew were men who would rather paint her portrait than aid her career? Perhaps. Yet that was not the way Sophia saw it. As the years passed, she became convinced that suffering was to be her lot. Sophia and her many doctors shared the nineteenth-century view of the body as a closed system, with only so much energy to be expended during a lifetime. For a woman with so excitable an "organization" as Sophia's, the constant monitoring of one's feelings, whether physical, emotional, or spiritual (and the three became inseparable), was the only route to health. Paradoxically this preoccupation with self tended to perpetuate the disease.
Some historians have argued that in an era in which selflessness was required of most women as wives and mothers, invalidism was one of the few choices a high-spirited woman could make to preserve her independence of mind. For most it was a tragic choice. But like a growing number of women who later were termed "neurasthenics," "hysterics," or simply "bed cases," Sophia made illness her career. She herself may not have known whether she preferred to be the artist or the work of art.
And that, most likely, is why she fell in love, at last, with Nathaniel Hawthorne, a man who revered her as both. Hawthorne was another of Elizabeth Peabody's intellectual conquests. Elizabeth had read his early stories, reviewed them favorably, and finally sought out the author in the Salem house where he had lived with his widowed mother and two unmarried sisters for the decade since his graduation from Bowdoin College. Elizabeth invited Hawthorne and his sisters to tea, but on their first visit to the Peabody household, Sophia stayed upstairs in her room, sick with a headache. Elizabeth was so taken by the young writer's looks, she ran upstairs in the middle of his call to report to Sophia: "You never saw anything so splendid as he is,—he is handsomer than Lord Byron!" Elizabeth had exclaimed. Hawthorne went home, his mind filled with images from the journals and sketchbooks by the unseen Sophia that her older sister had shown him.
Nathaniel Hawthorne called again, this time alone. Here was the way Elizabeth recorded the first meeting of the couple: "...she came down, in her simple white wrapper, and sat on the sofa. As I said 'My sister, Sophia,' he rose and looked at her intently,—he did not realize how intently. As we went on talking, she would frequently interpose a remark, in her low, sweet voice. Every time she did so, he would look at her again, with the same piercing, indrawing gaze. I was struck with it, and thought, 'What if he should fall in love with her!' and the thought troubled me; for she had often told me that nothing would ever tempt her to marry, and inflict on a husband the care of an invalid."
A more crucial encounter, for Sophia at least, came not long after, when she showed Nathaniel a drawing she had made of a character from his story "The Gentle Boy." She asked him, Elizabeth recalled, "'if this looks like your Ilbrahim.' He sat down and looked at it and then looked up and said, 'He will never look otherwise to me.'"
"She is a flower to be worn in no man's bosom," Nathaniel told Elizabeth a year later, "but was lent from Heaven to show the possibilities of the human soul." Soon Sophia and Nathaniel were taking walks together, and Sophia's strength gradually returned. Privately the couple began to hope that Sophia would one day be well enough to marry. But like her sister Mary's romance, Sophia's, too, would be a long, secret courtship. Hawthorne's mother and sisters opposed any marriage, fearing that family life would prevent him from pursuing his career as a novelist. Indeed, Nathaniel himself worried that he earned too little from his writing to support Sophia. He took a job in the Boston customhouse; then he joined the Transcendentalists' commune, Brook Farm. With each experiment he hoped to put aside enough savings to set up housekeeping with the woman to whom he was now writing almost daily as "Mine own Dove," "Infinitely Belovedest," "Blessedest wife" and signing himself "Your ownest Husband."
By 1842, after four years of courtship, the couple could wait no longer. They scheduled a June wedding, and Hawthorne rented for their new home the vacant Emerson family house in Concord, which he soon dubbed "The Old Manse." Then Sophia fell sick with a fever that lasted several weeks. Was she having second thoughts about making such a radical change in her thirty-third year? But by July she was better, her pulse elevated on her wedding day, the doctor said, only by the excitement. After a short service in the Peabody parlor, the Hawthorne women conspicuously absent, Sophia and Nathaniel rode by carriage to Concord.
The next day she wrote to her mother that "every step the horses took, I felt better and not the least tired. My husband looked upon me as upon a mirage which would suddenly disappear. It seemed miraculous that I was so well."
Concord was, to the newlyweds, an Eden in which they played Adam and Eve. Sophia set up her studio on the first floor; Hawthorne, his study on the second. The two took long walks through the meadows and forests gathering wild flowers, and they bought a rowboat from their neighbor Thoreau for outings on the lazy Concord River. But Sophia would never again paint as much as she had before the marriage. Love, not art, had replaced her illness. And for Sophia love was more than enough. To the new Mrs. Hawthorne the world seemed a different place. By the next spring she was recording in her journal: "I feel new as the Earth which is just born again. I rejoice that I am, because I am his, wholly, unreservedly his. Therefore is my life beautiful & gracious. Therefore is the world pleasant as roses."
Like Mary, Sophia bore three children and educated them at home. But for Sophia the love that restored her to health remained the center of her life. When she thought about herself and her sisters now, it was in these terms. At the time of Mary's marriage, she wrote in her journal: "Now Mary has shot into her orbit, having found the other half of her globe."
And what of Elizabeth Peabody? Was she less happy than her married sisters? Rumors circulated for years after the weddings that Elizabeth, because of her close attachments to both Horace Mann and Nathaniel Hawthorne, had been engaged to each man but then been thrown over in favor of her more conventionally feminine sisters. Had she been jilted?
Most likely Elizabeth simply preferred not to marry. She had left home at eighteen to become a teacher, partly out of ambition for herself but mostly to help support her large family. In her late thirties, while both her sisters were forming secret attachments to their future husbands, Elizabeth was still thinking of her parents and younger siblings. She rented a town house in Boston where she could set up a bookstore and a small publishing firm, and she brought the family together again under one roof for the four years before Mary and Sophia went off to start their own families.
But there was more to Elizabeth's romantic hesitancy than the burdens of an oldest child. Elizabeth Peabody had a brilliant mind and an outspoken personality. In nineteenth-century New England, where learned women were admired but still expected to appear, in Emerson's terms, "more vulnerable, more infirm, more mortal than men," Elizabeth's habit of intellectual disputation made her first attractive and then repellent to both men and women. During the years in which she might have married, the outgoing Elizabeth, fully aware of what other people saw as her faults, often felt inwardly depressed and uncertain. She begged Horace Mann to tell her if "he thought that thro' earnestness—enthusiasm—or any other innocent cause even—I was ever betrayed into an overbearing—intrusive—masculine manner—." He answered no. But like all the others, after a brief infatuation, he drew back from Elizabeth.
In a letter to Mary written during this time, Elizabeth expressed an equally avid desire to live alone. "You can have solitude in society," she wrote to Mary, with whom she had always shared her rented rooms, "because reserve is a part of your character—I cannot for I must communicate wherever there is a human being presented to my senses....I have always felt this, but I feared it would not be understood and so have done violence to my nature. I felt from the time [we moved to Boston] that a chamber to myself would have been a greater blessing than anything else."
It wasn't until Elizabeth was well beyond her childbearing years that she resolved these conflicts and settled into what she called her life's work: the education of young children. During the years just following the Civil War, when Elizabeth was in her sixties, she revived a series of historical lectures she had given in her youth and found in the new atmosphere of political self-analysis an extremely receptive audience. But more important than the lectures were the fees Peabody earned, which allowed her to travel to Europe to study the innovative German kindergartens begun by a man named Friedrich Froebel. This, Elizabeth later wrote, was "the 'wandering year,' closing my apprenticeship to life, and from which I returned enriched with the knowledge of Froebel's method of Education, to the diffusion of which in this country I have devoted the last fifteen years of my life."
The schools that Peabody started in Boston and then promoted across America operated on the principle that "children should be led to discover everything...when their minds are in the ease of spontaneous play!" Peabody's kindergartens were run by young women who trained both mothers and children in the art of creative play. Passing on such learning was a way for Elizabeth to have a profession and feel satisfied with her womanhood. At last she abandoned competition in the male world of ideas and joined the ranks of the domestic feminists, who would, as she had so long hoped, "love and value me for what I am." It was a decision that carried her influence into the twentieth century as America's young modernists (chief among them Frank Lloyd Wright, whose unique design sense has been traced by one biographer to the years he spent piling up special blocks in a Froebel school) were educated through guided play.
This is not to say she had accomplished little in her youth. Elizabeth Peabody was always a dynamo. In her thirties and forties she wrote, translated, and printed dozens of books on education, history, and literature; she founded two magazines and published in one of them Thoreau's "Civil Disobedience." During the Civil War years she campaigned for abolition, twice visiting President Lincoln to urge emancipation for the slaves. But these efforts were scattered and rarely effective. It took the emergence of a women's culture, the same audience that eagerly received Mary Mann's physiological cookbook, to give Elizabeth's voice the strength it needed to carry beyond the parlors of polite Boston society. At last Peabody earned the respect that should have been hers much earlier in life. By the 1880s Henry James could memorialize her in a half-mocking, half-admiring portrait in The Bostonians. There, as Miss Birdseye, she was "one of our celebrities....The woman in the world...who has laboured most for every wise reform."
Today we might say that Elizabeth Peabody claimed too much for her preschool movement, which she was convinced would transform the world into a utopia of love and thought. But we have only to look around us to see that every American child now attends a kindergarten and that built into our American character is her belief in "self-direction."
Elizabeth Peabody, who died in 1894, and her sisters Mary and Sophia, who died in 1887 and 1871, respectively, certainly never imagined the world we live in now. But through their lives we see that the ambitions and conflicts of women today are not so very different from those of the "Representative Women" of the past. For Elizabeth there was the conflict between achievement and womanliness; for Sophia, the choice between becoming an artist or playing the muse; and for Mary, the challenge to win respect for women's rights and duties. Although it took many years for each sister to resolve those issues to her own satisfaction, they (and women like them in those pre-women's suffrage days) found many not-so-subtle ways to exert their influence, an influence that most men recognized. As Mary Peabody wrote in one of her earliest letters to Horace Mann, "I think women ought to be the politicians of the world, for, begging pardon of such a famous legislator as yourself, I think they would infuse some morality into the governments of men which seem[s] to be the last thing thought of now." And when she added, "You know I consider you a woman in those & all other good matters," she was only partly joking. Horace Mann, or for that matter any one of those "Representative Men" of her day, would have received Mary's words as a compliment.


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SAN FRANCISCO (AP) – Texas Gov. Rick Perry, during a visit that focused primarily on economic issues, drew on a reference to alcoholism to explain his view of being gay.
Perry's comments to the Commonwealth Club of California came after Texas' Republican Convention on June 7 sanctioned platform language allowing Texans to seek voluntary counseling to "cure" being gay.
The San Francisco Chronicle reports that in response to a question about it, Perry said he did not know whether the therapy worked.
Perry, a former and potential future GOP presidential candidate, was then asked whether he believed being gay was a disorder.
The paper says that the governor responded that "whether or not you feel compelled to follow a particular lifestyle or not, you have the ability to decide not to do that."
He said: "I may have the genetic coding that I'm inclined to be an alcoholic, but I have the desire not to do that, and I look at the homosexual issue the same way."
The Texas Republican platform stand on the issue is in contrast to California and New Jersey, which have previously banned licensed professionals from providing such therapy to minors.
During the bulk of his talk, Perry held up his own state as a model for responsible energy production and economic growth in California.
Perry said he believes Texas is leading the way in achieving energy independence by producing crude oil and electricity in many forms, including solar power.
Perry also suggested that deregulating electricity had started a boom for renewable energy in Texas, which he called the nation's leading developer of wind energy.
Perry said shale drilling techniques had doubled oil production in Texas, and he urged Californians to tap the full energy potential in its Monterey Shale.
On June 10, Perry drove up to California's state capital of Sacramento in a Tesla Model S electric car — underscoring his desire to lure a Tesla battery factory to Texas.


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Thomas McAllister, Millennium Professor of Psychiatry and Director of Neuropsychiatry at the Geisel School of Medicine, is the lead author on the study reported in the journal Neurology. (photo by Mark L. Washburn)
Dartmouth faculty and students played prominent roles in a recent study on the cognitive effects of head impacts among student athletes. Tested at the beginning and end of one season, 22 percent of those students who participated in contact sports scored significantly lower in memory and learning skills than expected, as opposed to only 4 percent of non-contact sport athletes.
"These results were found shortly after the season and we do not know how long the effect [of the head impacts] lasts," said Thomas McAllister, Millennium Professor of Psychiatry and Director of Neuropsychiatry at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth. "While it may be bad for the 22 percent, the good news is that overall there were few differences in the test results between the athletes in contact sports and the athletes in non-contact sports," he added.
The study subjects were drawn from Dartmouth College and other Division I schools. The groups, numbering more than 250 in total, included football and hockey players, who were compared to participants in track, crew, and Nordic skiing—the contact vs. non-contact sports athletes.
McAllister is the lead author on the study report published in the May 16, 2012, online issue of the journal Neurology. He was joined in the study by Geisel's Laura Flashman, Arthur Maerlender, Margaret Grove, and Tor Tosteson; and John Turco, director of the Dartmouth College Health Service, as well as investigators from other institutions.
Richard Greenwald, an adjunct assistant professor at Dartmouth's Thayer School of Engineering and co-author on the paper, played a unique part in the study. Founder and president of the Lebanon-based company Simbex, he pioneered the innovative Head Impact Telemetry System that enabled the scientists to emplace small sensors in the helmets of the football and hockey players to monitor the head impacts.
For more on the study, see the press release from the American Academy of Neurology.