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Democrats in Washington say they have a PR problem. They say their policies and ideas that helped elect them to run the House, Senate and the White House are still popular today. The problem is that the polling does not seem to agree.
Here's the president's pitch yesterday in Woodstock, N.H.
PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN: Folks, when you see these projects starting in your hometowns, I want you to feel what I feel - pride - pride in what we can do together as the United States of America.
MARTÍNEZ: NPR Congressional correspondent Kelsey Snell has been talking to Democrats about this new PR drive. She joins us now. Kelsey, why are Democrats going on this big sales tour?
KELSEY SNELL, BYLINE: Well, they are a little bit defensive. They say polls are conflicting. They say they show support for individual policies - things like expanding health care or the child tax credit or even that infrastructure investment that Biden was talking about. But there is also polling that shows low approval ratings for Democrats as a whole, and for the Build Back Better bill, which is the thing they're still trying to pass. You know, the premise of their platform is that they're trying to fix an economy that was broken before the pandemic - one that favored wealthy people over the middle-class or lower-income people. And Democrats really promise to be the ones to solve all that. But so far, many people don't see or feel that impact in their daily lives.
You know, Congressman Hakeem Jeffries, who's the chair of the House Democratic Caucus, told me yesterday that it is true that Democrats tend to struggle to send clear, you know, chantable, headline-style messages to voters.
HAKEEM JEFFRIES: Sometimes we tend to speak in fine print because we care about governing. And we care about governing because we care about getting things done for everyday Americans.
SNELL: So their solution is to go out and do a thousand events before the end of the year, on top of over a dozen White House stops before Thanksgiving.
MARTÍNEZ: A thousand.
SNELL: Yeah.
MARTÍNEZ: OK, wow. The election is almost a year away, though. So why do this now?
SNELL: You know, Democrats are trying to pass that Build Back Better bill this week. That's the $1.75 trillion social and climate spending bill. And, you know, almost a year is not really a very long time for a complete shift in public opinion. They need to drive voters to care about Democrats and to feel connected to them with enough urgency to vote in a world where they aren't running against Donald Trump. And that is the world they'll be in when they're trying to defend their majorities in the House and the Senate.
MARTÍNEZ: Now, OK, so if these ideas and policies are so central to who Democrats are, why do they think they've been struggling to connect with voters?
SNELL: Well, they say some of it is the current economy. You know, those immediate economic fears of the pandemic have started to shift into fears about price increases, fears about supply chain shortages and inflation. And that's all happening before the holidays. You know, plus the midterms after a party has full control in Washington are usually terrible for the party in control. And that's when they're all getting along and doing things, you know, in a harmonious way in Washington.
And Jeffries made another point. He said that Democrats are trying to fundamentally alter social programs in the federal government with historically narrow majorities. He ticked off this whole list of policies Democrats enacted in the past - things like Medicare and voting rights and civil rights and the Affordable Care Act. But few of those policies were immediate political victories at the polls when voters went to decide.
MARTÍNEZ: All right, so if Democrats are on the defensive, how are Republicans on the offensive?
SNELL: Well, Republicans have been very effective in messaging on inflation, and particularly on fears that the economy isn't improving fast enough. You know, they've also had really good success in turning the conversation away from economic equity that was really on display in the pandemic and focusing it back on conservative culture war issues. Democrats, though, say that Republicans are still the party of President Trump. And they say they still have members who are supportive of the January 6 insurrectionists, just to name a few problems. So what Democrats are banking on is that their, you know, long-term political fight won't be just about this spending, that going into the midterm elections, people's attentions will shift, that these bills may pass and that they'll be running on a different plane than they really are talking today.
MARTÍNEZ: NPR Congressional correspondent Kelsey Snell - Kelsey, thanks.
SNELL: Thanks for having me. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.


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Press Release nr98-24
Press Release · Wednesday, November 26, 1997
Washington, DC
Press ReleaseNovember 26, 1997
Carter Library Material Added to NARA Website
College Park, MD . . . Archivist of the United States John W. Carlin announced today that descriptions of the holdings of the Jimmy Carter Library in Atlanta, GA are now available to the public on the Internet. The holdings, the majority of which were donated to the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in 1981 by President Jimmy Carter, include the White House materials of President and Mrs. Carter and their staff. The more than 37,000 descriptions represent 52 collections totaling about 7 million pages of publicly-available textual material. (The Carter Library is one of ten Presidential libraries administered by NARA.)
In making the announcement, Mr. Carlin said, "The 37,000 descriptions documenting the Carter Administration that are now available to Internet users is another example of NARAs commitment to access. Scholars, researchers and the general public interested in the history and significance of the Carter Presidency will find this to be an invaluable resource."
The Carter material can be accessed on the World Wide Web through the NARA ARCHIVAL INFORMATION LOCATOR (NAIL).
To improve public access to the data, it was transferred to NAIL from the Carter Librarys stand alone system. The conversion is part of NARAs Electronic Access Project, still in the developmental phase, which will eventually result in a virtual card catalog of all NARA holdings nationwide, including those in the Presidential libraries and regional archives. In addition, copies of more than 100,000 of NARA's most popular and significant manuscripts, photographs, sound recordings, maps, drawings and other documents are currently being digitized and made available for researchers to view online.
For additional PRESS information, please contact the National Archives Public Affairs staff at (301) 837-1700 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.
This page was last reviewed on August 15, 2016.
Contact us with questions or comments.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
European History/Renaissance Europe
The Italian Renaissance of the 13th and 14th centuries spread through the rest of Europe, representing a time when Europe sought knowledge from the ancient world and moved out of the Dark Ages. A renewed interest in science and experimentation, and a focus on the importance of living well in the present as opposed to the afterlife as promoted by the Church. The Renaissance brought on an explosion in art, poetry, and architecture. New techniques and styles developed as these art forms moved away from the colder and darker styles of the Middle Ages. This period, in this view, represents Europe emerging from a long period of backwardness and the rise of trade and exploration. The Italian Renaissance is often labeled as the beginning of the "modern" epoch.
However, it is important to recognize the countless modern institutions that did have their roots in the Middle Ages, such as nation-states, parliaments, limited government, bureaucracies, and regulation of goods and services.
editIn the wake of the Black Death, which decreased in incidence in 1351, faith in the power and significance of the church declined. The multitude of deaths (approximately 25-30 million between 1347 and 1351) signaled the need for a revival in art, education, and society in general. A large decrease in workers led to demands for higher wages, and thus uprisings were staged in several countries throughout Europe, particularly Germany, France, and Italy.
The Renaissance began in northern Italy in the early 1300s. Although it was not inevitable, several factors—nationalism (due to an increased pride in the days of early Rome), the Crusades, revival of trade—helped to bring about reform. Throughout Italy (Florence, Genoa, Rome, Naples, and Milan in particular) scholars revived their studies of early Greek and Latin literature, derived from archived manuscripts. Upon examining these early works, they realized that culture was essential to living a meaningful life, and education (especially history) was important in understanding both the world of yesterday and contemporary times, as well as gaining insight into the future. Thus, Italian scholars called for a 'Renaissance' (French for rebirth) in European education and culture.
Social Order and Cultural Change
editFlorentine Social Divisions
editThe denizens of Florence fell into one of four main social classes. These included the grandi (the great), the rulers of the city; the popolo grosso (big people), the capitalist merchants (these challenged the grandi for power); the smaller businesspeople, and the popolo minuto (little people), the lower economic classes, such as the paupers, who, despite constituting a third of the Florentine population, had no wealth at all.[1]
This division of society was prone to conflict, and eventually resulted in the successful Ciompi Revolt of 1378. The Ciompi Revolt was that of the poor, who revolted because of the constant feuds between the grandi and the popolo grosso, the anarchy from the Black Death, and the collapse of banks, which made the popolo minuto even poorer. After a while, the Ciompi Revolt led to a four-year reign by the popolo minuto until Cosimo de' Medici came into power in 1434 and restored the stability of Florence.
The Household
editThe plague resulted in more favorable working positions for women, although the overall participation of women in public life varied with class as well as region. Married couples worked together frequently, and most men and women remarried quickly if their spouse died.
Women's Education
editPrior to the Protestant Reformation, Catholic convents were the primary mode of education for unmarried women. The focus of studies at these institutions was religion and spirituality. As Catholicism declined, women had to find new venues of learning, especially in Protestant countries. Many wrote and studied from their homes. [2] When women were able to receive formal education, it was often not for the sake of their own intellectual development; rather, it was so that they were better able to educate their children.
The Querelle de Femmes, or the Woman Question, was the debate surrounding the intellectual equality of women and men. Some believed that women's secondary status was a direct result of their lack of access to education and opportunity. However, others believed that women were inherently inferior to their male counterparts. They justified these beliefs with the claims that men were physically stronger than women, God created Adam first, and Eve ate the apple that led to humanity's banishment from the Garden of Eden.[3] Also, during the Scientific Revolution, inaccurate portrayals of female anatomy were used to justify claims of male intellectual superiority. [4]
This topic would continue to be debated into the eighteenth century. Even as they preached the virtue of equality, the views of Enlightenment thinkers on the rights of women often diverged. One such philosopher, François Poullain de la Barre, wrote, "It would be a pleasant thing indeed to see a lady serve as a professor… or playing the part of an attorney… or leading an army… or speaking before states and princes as the head of an embassy." He also believed that "the mind has no sex," meaning that men and women shared the same intellectual capabilities. However, thinkers such as Rousseau disagreed, insisting that women were, by nature, less rational than men. [5] This is striking because many of the people who conceived of and developed modern ideas of equality and freedom were, in fact, not advocates of equality for all, but only for a select group of the population.
Witch Trials
editThough the European witch trials began in the early sixteenth century and gained traction throughout the Protestant Reformation, the religious ideas utilized during the trials had been seen much earlier. In 1374, Pope Gregory XI declared that demons aided the practice of magic; 100 years later, Pope Innocent VIII published Desiring with the Greatest Ardour, which condemned witchcraft.[6] By 1517, the beginning of the Reformation, witchcraft was widely condemned by the Catholic Church. Starting in 1560, the trials spread throughout Europe. Economists Peter Leeson and Jacob Russ argue that the Protestants used the witch trials as a form of coercion because Catholics and Protestants both wanted to convert Europeans to their religions. The regions with the highest concentrations of the trials were also populated by Protestants. Germany, the birthplace of the religion, had 40% of the witch trials. Protestantism also spread to Switzerland, France, England, and the Netherlands , and these regions contained 35% of the trials. Meanwhile, Catholic nations—Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Ireland—contained only six percent.[7]
In addition to the religious dimension, the European witch hunts of the early modern era were also gendered. The witch hunts in Europe targeted independent women. Overall, eighty percent of all accused were women [8], and, in Russia specifically, ninety to ninety-five percent of the accused were women. In contrast, witch hunters were disproportionately male.[9] Most accusations were against independent women, often older widows, who lacked the support of a husband or family.[10] Witch hunts also targeted gender non-conforming women and others who lived outside the social norms.[11] Women who gathered in groups were viewed as a threat to authorities. The process of finding and executing witches was known as gender cleansing. [12] According to Heinrich Kramer's Malleus Maleficarum - Hammer of Witches, published in 1487, women were inclined towards satan by nature.[13] This sentiment was widely used as justification for the witch hunts and executions. The religious scriptures followed by witch-hunting groups also deemed the female body impure and vulnerable to evil. Many of the accused were tortured into false confessions. In Europe, hangmen would carry out the torture and inspect the accused for physical signs of witchcraft.[14] In her book Caliban and the Witch, Silvia Federici writes, "It is generally agreed that the witch-hunt aimed at destroying the control that women had exercised over their reproductive function and served to pave the way for the development of a more oppressive patriarchal regime" (Federici 14).[15]
editAt the beginning of the Renaissance, the boundary between the poor and criminals was very thin. Larger cities frequently had problems with organized gangs. The so-called "decent society" treated the marginal elements of society with great suspicion and hatred. Women were featured prominently in the underclass, and many poor women found prostitution their only option.
Hard Times for Business
editThe Hundred Years' War resulted in the various governments in Europe borrowing a great deal of money that they could not pay back. Thus, merchants were less likely to take risks, and instead invested in government bonds. The result of this was an overall decrease in trade.
The Birth of Humanism
editAt the time, Italy was the center of culture in Europe. Middle class writers were supported by noble patronage, and as a result, during the beginning of the Renaissance literature blossomed alongside classic revival. This resulted in the rise of humanism, an intellectual movement that advocated the study of history and literature as the chief means of identifying with the glories of the ancient world. Humanism advocated classical learning and active participation of the individual in civic affairs.
Renaissance scholars advocated the concept of "returning to the sources," attempting to reconcile the disciplines of the Christian faith with ancient learning. In addition, the concept of civic humanism arose, which advocated participation in government. Civilization was inspired by the writings of Roman emperors, and by the end of the 1400s intellectuals had a command of the Latin language.
In the 1440s, Johannes Gutenberg created a printing press with movable type. This revolution in communication greatly assisted in the spread of Renaissance ideals throughout Europe, allowing the ideas to be printed for mass circulation, for the first time in history. Gutenberg was the first European ever to create a printing press with a movable type, though the Chinese had long before innovated this technology.
The Renaissance conception of life and man's role on earth was more secular than in the past, but in no way was it nonreligious. It was now believed that God holds people above everything else, and that the greatest thing about being human is the human's free will to choose. People were celebrated, as Renaissance scholars argued that men are made in God's image, and that we should celebrate our God-given talents and abilities. People believed that life on Earth was intrinsically valuable, and that citizens should strive to be the best that they can. The emphasis of the Renaissance was on the individual rather than the collective.
Italian Humanists
editFrancesco Petrarch (1304–1374) was an Italian scholar, poet, and early humanist. In his sonnets, he created the image of real people with personality, debunking the typical Medieval conceptions and stereotypes of people.
Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–1375) wrote The Decameron, a short story about the lives of people living during the Black Death. The book focused on people's responses to the plague rather than God's wrath. In this sense, the book was not about religion, but rather about people, a relatively new concept at the time.
Pico della Mirandola (1463–1494) was an Italian Renaissance humanist philosopher and scholar. He authored the "Oration on the Dignity of Man," which has become known as the "Manifesto of the Renaissance." In this, he explained that man has unlimited potential, and with his free will can be anything he wants to be. He argued that man should make use of his abilities and not waste them. Finally, he explained that people should live their life with virtue, or the quality of being a man - shaping their own destiny, using all of their opportunities, and working aggressively through life.
Northern Humanists
editSir Thomas More was an English lawyer, writer, and politician. He was a devout Catholic who wrote Utopia, a novel that depicted Christian Humanist ideals producing an ideal fictional society. In his utopia, there was no crime, poverty, nor war. Much of the novel is a conversation that criticizes European practices, especially capital punishment.
Desiderius Erasmus was a Dutch humanist and theologian. He was also a Catholic. In his Handbook of a Christian Knight, he argued that through education, society can be reformed in the pious Christian model. He believed faith, good works, and charity were the core Christian values, and that elaborate ceremonies were superfluous. In his The Praise of Folly, Erasmus claimed that the true Christian table of virtues, namely modesty, humility, and simplicity, had been replaced by a different, perverted value system of opulence, power, wealth, and so on.
editRenaissance art tended to focus on the human body with accurate proportions, and the most common subjects of art were religion, mythology, portraits, and the use of classical (Greco-Roman) subjects. Artisans of the Renaissance used oil paint to add shadow and light, and the use of the vanishing point in art became prominent during this time.
Artists of the Renaissance depended on patronage, or financial support from the wealthy.
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
editLeonardo da Vinci of Florence was known as one of the great masters of the High Renaissance, as a result of his innovations in both art and science. Leonardo is often viewed as the archetype of the "Renaissance Man" or "polymath" because of his expertise and interest in many different areas, including art, science, music, mechanics, architecture and the arts of war and philosophy.
Leonardo is best known for his paintings, the most famous of which are The Last Supper and The Mona Lisa. There remain about fifteen paintings attributed reliably to Leonardo, and many others to his pupils and imitators. He also left several important drawings of which the "Vitruvian Man" is the most famous and probably the most reproduced drawing in the world. Leonardo left many note books of studies of many subjects, often profusely illustrated. Much of his work was intended for publication but only a small percentage of his work was published, relating to art and mathematics.
In science, Leonardo practised meticulous observation and documentation. He dissected thirty corpses in order to study human anatomy and produced detailed drawings of the human skeletal, muscular, and internal organ systems including human fetuses. He made discoveries in anatomy, meteorology and geology, hydraulics, and aerodynamics. This led to his devising of many ingenious plans, including an underwater diving suit and non-functioning flying machines. He also sketched plans for elaborate killing machines. Many of these projects have proved impossible to create. On the other hand, he successfully built a mechanical lion that walked, roared and opened its chest to produce a bunch of flowers.
Michelangelo (1475–1564)
editMichelangelo was one of the most prominent and important artists of the Renaissance, supported by the Medici family of Florence. Michelangelo's monumental sculpture of David preparing to kill the giant Goliath with his rock and sling is the perfect confirmation of the return to a humanistic appreciation of physical beauty from the austere medieval conception of emaciated, self-flagellated saints. Michelangelo also adorned the ceiling of the Vatican's Sistine Chapel with his "Creation of Adam" and other scenes and painted the Last Judgment on one wall of the Sistine Chapel in present day Vatican City.
Raphael (1483-1520)
editRaphael was a famous painter and architect during the Renaissance.
Some of Raphael's famous paintings include The School Of Athens, The Nymph Galatea, and Portrait of Pope Leo X with two Cardinals.
The Prince
editThe Prince, a political treatise by the Florentine writer Niccolò Machiavelli (1464–1527), was an essential work of the Renaissance. For the first time, politics was presented as an objective science. Machiavelli recorded successful rulers and then drew conclusions without judgments. In other words, Machiavelli's politics were divorced from morality and religion.
Machiavelli's research showed that a successful leader of a nation acted in a number of ways:
- His power should be held as more important than ethics and morals.
- It is better to be feared, not loved, but he should never be hated.
- His advisers should be truthful and loyal, he should avoid flatterers, and he should select old and experienced advisers because they lack ambition to attempt to steal his power.
- He should be both the lion (brave) and the fox (cunning).
- He should break treaties and promises when it benefits him and he should assume everyone else will do the same.
Northern Renaissance vs. Italian Renaissance
editThe Southern Renaissance in Italy occurred earlier, from about 1300 to 1600, while the Northern Renaissance occurred later, ending in about 1630. The Southern Renaissance emphasized pagan and Greco-Roman ideals, and as a result was considerably more secular, while the Northern Renaissance advocated "Christian" humanism, or humility, tolerance, focus on the individual, and the importance of earnest life on earth. While the Southern Renaissance emphasized art and culture, the Northern Renaissance emphasized the sciences and new technology. This failed to occur in the south primarily because the Roman Catholic Church stunted learning and the sciences. While the Northern Renaissance was religiously diverse, with the rise of Protestantism and a great deal of religious division, the Southern Renaissance was entirely Roman Catholic. The Southern Renaissance saw far fewer universities, while the Northern Renaissance saw more universities and education. Also, Northern Renaissance humanists pushed for social reform based on Christian ideals.
The New Monarchies
editWith the Renaissance came the rise of new monarchs. These new monarchs were kings who took responsibility for the welfare of all of society. They centralized power and consolidated authority - the kings now controlled tariffs, taxes, the army, many aspects of religion, and the laws and judiciary.
In the way of the rise of new monarchs stood the church and nobles, who feared losing their power to the king. In addition, these new monarchs needed money, and they needed to establish a competent military rather than mercenaries.
The middle class allied themselves with the new monarchs. The monarchs desired their support because their money came from trade, and this trade provided a great source of taxable revenue. The middle class supported the monarchs because they received the elimination of local tariffs, as well as peace and stability.
editFrom the tenth century onwards France had been governed by the Capetian dynasty. Although the family ruled over what might be, in theory, considered the most powerful country in Europe, the French monarchs had little control over their vassals, and many parts of France functioned as though they were independent states. The most powerful vassals of the French kings were the Plantagenet dynasty of England, who, through their Angevin ancestry, ruled large parts of western France. The ensuing conflicts, known as the Hundred Years War, helped to solidify the power of the French monarchs over their country.
In France, the Valois dynasty came to the throne in 1328.
Charles VII expelled the English and lowered the church's power under the state in 1422.
Louis XI expanded the French state, laying the foundations for absolutism, in 1461.
editEdward IV began the restoration of royal authority, but the strengthening of the crown gained momentum only after the Tudor family came to power.
Henry VII manipulated the Parliament to make it a tool of the king. He created the Royal court and the Star Chamber, in which royalty had the power to torture while questioning; this legal system allowed the king to limit the power of the aristocracy. He also promoted trade in order to gain the support of the middle class.
His son, Henry VIII, took this process still further when, as a result of his desire to have a male heir, he founded the Anglican Church in England and broke away from the Catholic Church (this was also known as the reformation) After Henry married Catherine of Aragon, she failed to produce a male heir, and Henry desired to divorce her in order to marry a new lady, Anne Boleyn, who he hoped would be able to produce a son. The Catholic Church strictly prohibited divorce, however, and Henry found that the only way to sever his marriage was to separate from the Pope's jurisdiction. As a result, he withdrew England from the Catholic Church, establishing the Church of England, and in the First Act of Supremacy he established the monarch of England as the head of the Church.
editWith the success of the Spanish reconquista, Spain expelled the Jews and Muslims. The marriage of Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Catholic monarchs (Spanish:Los Reyes Católicos), was the final element which unified Spain. They revived the Spanish Inquisition to remove the last of the Jews.
Holy Roman Empire
editIn the Holy Roman Empire, which occupied Austria and Bohemia, the Hapsburg Dynasty began. The Empire expanded its territory, acquiring Burgundy and attempting to unite Germany. The emperor's son married the daughter of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella; their son, Charles V, became heir to Spain, Austria, and Burgundy.
Ottoman Turks
editThe Ottoman Turks were Muslims from Asia Minor who gradually conquered the old Byzantine Empire, completed in 1453 with the fall of Constantinople (renamed to Istanbul).
The Rise of Court Life
editNew monarchs began to utilize the court during this time to increase their power by setting themselves apart from the lay people and by allowing the king to control the nobles. The court became the center of politics and religion in their respective nations.
Nobles were required to live in the courts, and were as a result under constant watch by the king. Thus, the most important function of the court was that it allowed the king to control the nobles and prevent coup. In addition, however, the courts served an important social function, as the king's social circle was the nobles, and the court allowed him to interact with them.
Court life was incredibly lavish, with events including hunting, mock battles, balls, parties, dances, celebratory dinners, gambling, and general socialization. The middle class loved this, and frequently copied the behaviors of the nobility from the courts.
edit- ↑ Kagan, Donalt et al. The Western Heritage Since 1300. 3rd ed. New Jersey:Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.
- ↑ Gallo, Lou, and Robert Wade. AMSCO Advanced Placement European History. Perfection Learning, 2019.
- ↑ Gallo, Lou, and Robert Wade. AMSCO Advanced Placement European History. Perfection Learning, 2019.
- ↑ Scene on Radio. "S3 E3: Skeleton War," August 8, 2018. http://www.sceneonradio.org/episode-48-skeleton-war-men-part-3/.
- ↑ Scene on Radio. "S3 E3: Skeleton War," August 8, 2018. http://www.sceneonradio.org/episode-48-skeleton-war-men-part-3/.
- ↑ Jeffery Burton Russel, "Witchcraft," Britannica, accessed December 10, 2021, https://www.britannica.com/topic/witchcraft/Contemporary-witchcraft.
- ↑ Becky Little, "How Medieval Churches Used Witch Hunts to Gain More Followers," History, last modified January 10, 2018, accessed December 10, 2021, https://www.history.com/news/how-medieval-churches-used-witch-hunts-to-gain-more-followers.
- ↑ Pelz, William A. A people's history of modern Europe. Pluto Press, 2016.
- ↑ Cassese, Erin. "A Political History of the Term 'Witch Hunt.'" Vox, October 31, 2018. https://www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-faction/2018/10/31/18047208/trump-witch-hunt.
- ↑ Pelz, William A. A people's history of modern Europe. Pluto Press, 2016.
- ↑ Cassese, Erin. "A Political History of the Term 'Witch Hunt.'" Vox, October 31, 2018. https://www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-faction/2018/10/31/18047208/trump-witch-hunt
- ↑ Pelz, William A. A people's history of modern Europe. Pluto Press, 2016.
- ↑ Cassese, Erin. "A Political History of the Term 'Witch Hunt.'" Vox, October 31, 2018. https://www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-faction/2018/10/31/18047208/trump-witch-hunt
- ↑ CrashCourse. "Witchcraft: Crash Course European History #10." Video. YouTube, Jun 22, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rW4XFiHUQAs.
- ↑ Federici, Silvia. Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body, and Primitive Accumulation. Autonomedia, 2004.
- ↑ http://www.tickitaly.com/galleries/accademia.php
European History
01. Background •
02. Middle Ages •
03. Renaissance •
04. Exploration •
05. Reformation
06. Religious War •
07. Absolutism •
08. Enlightenment •
09. French Revolution •
10. Napoleon
11. Age of Revolutions •
12. Imperialism •
13. World War I •
14. 1918 to 1945 •
15. 1945 to Present
Glossary •
Outline •
Authors •


text:
Nicole is thrilled that she managed to get into her first choice school and is looking forward to experiencing college life there. However, as soon as she moves into the university dorms, she finds out that there's been a series of mysterious disappearances going on around the campus! So far, three girls have already gone missing and Nicole could be next if she's not too careful – not quite the ideal college experience Nicole had in mind.
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What are you waiting for? Get the normal game or the bonus content version which includes bonus chibi, wallpapers and the full game soundtrack in mp3!


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Maria Oliver USA
María Oliver
Coconut USA Corporation
370 Lexington Ave, #706,
New York, NY 10017
Mon – Fri · 9am to 4pm CT
2 in stock
Diana is a new design of a saddle bag: Lizard leather, BLUE, glazed, silver finish. Cross body bag model. Our modern interpretation of a saddle bag. Hold all of your daily essentials in our sweet Diana crossbody. The refined shape and understated elegance makes this silhouette your perfect companion for all occasions. You can carry Diana as a shoulder bag or wear it more casually across the body. The sleek metallic chain with a luxurious leather shoulder guard add to the functionality of this versatile style.
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A fantastic gift for yourself or for someone else.
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At Maria Oliver, we respect and value your trust. If you are not satisfied, for any reason, we are glad to accept returns of saleable merchandise for a full refund or exchange. Refunds will be credited to the original form of payment.
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Payments are accepted via major credit cards through PayPal and STRIPE with a valid United States billing and shipping address.
We are one of the few luxury bag stores that accepts payments in any crypto currency. You will be able to do it through COINBASE during the checkout process.
All transactions are secured. The Maria Oliver website is provided with an SSL encryption system to protect personal and payment data.
Maria Oliver products are hand crafted with the most luxurious materials, carefully selected for you. Please handle with care to maintain the lifespan of your Maria Oliver creation.
Protect from direct light, heat and rain. Should product become wet, dry it immediately with a soft cloth
Fill the bag with tissue paper to help maintain its shape, and store in the provided flannel bag.
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COCONUT USA CORPORATION Privacy Policy
This Privacy Policy describes how your personal information is collected, used, and shared when you visit or make a purchase from https://mariaoliver.net (the "Site").
When you visit the Site, we automatically collect certain information about your device, including information about your web browser, IP address, time zone, and some of the cookies that are installed on your device. Additionally, as you browse the Site, we collect information about the individual web pages or products that you view, what websites or search terms referred you to the Site, and information about how you interact with the Site. We refer to this automatically-collected information as "Device Information."
We collect Device Information using the following technologies:
- "Cookies" are data files that are placed on your device or computer and often include an anonymous unique identifier. For more information about cookies, and how to disable cookies, visit http://www.allaboutcookies.org.
- "Log files" track actions occurring on the Site, and collect data including your IP address, browser type, Internet service provider, referring/exit pages, and date/time stamps.
- "Web beacons," "tags," and "pixels" are electronic files used to record information about how you browse the Site.
Additionally when you make a purchase or attempt to make a purchase through the Site, we collect certain information from you, including your name, billing address, shipping address, payment information (including CoinBase, PayPal or credit card numbers), email address, and phone number. We refer to this information as "Order Information."
When we talk about "Personal Information" in this Privacy Policy, we are talking both about Device Information and Order Information.
We use the Order Information that we collect generally to fulfill any orders placed through the Site (including processing your payment information, arranging for shipping, and providing you with invoices and/or order confirmations). Additionally, we use this Order Information to:
Communicate with you;
Screen our orders for potential risk or fraud; and
When in line with the preferences you have shared with us, provide you with information or advertising relating to our products or services.
We use the Device Information that we collect to help us screen for potential risk and fraud (in particular, your IP address), and more generally to improve and optimize our Site (for example, by generating analytics about how our customers browse and interact with the Site, and to assess the success of our marketing, retargeting, remarketing or advertising campaigns).
We share your Personal Information with third parties to help us use your Personal Information, as described above. We also use Google Analytics to help us understand how our customers use the Site--you can read more about how Google uses your Personal Information here: https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/privacy/. You can also opt-out of Google Analytics here: https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout.
Finally, we may also share your Personal Information to comply with applicable laws and regulations, to respond to a subpoena, search warrant or other lawful request for information we receive, or to otherwise protect our rights, and also to success of our marketing, retargeting, remarketing or advertising campaigns.
As described above, we use your Personal Information to provide you with targeted advertisements or marketing communications we believe may be of interest to you. For more information about how targeted advertising works, you can visit the Network Advertising Initiative's ("NAI") educational page at http://www.networkadvertising.org/understanding-online-advertising/how-does-it-work.
You can opt out of targeted advertising by:
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Additionally, you can opt out of some of these services by visiting the Digital Advertising Alliance's opt-out portal at: http://optout.aboutads.info/.
Please note that we do not alter our Site's data collection and use practices when we see a Do Not Track signal from your browser.
If you are a European resident, you have the right to access personal information we hold about you and to ask that your personal information be corrected, updated, or deleted. If you would like to exercise this right, please contact us through the contact information below.
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When you place an order through the Site, we will maintain your Order Information for our records unless and until you ask us to delete this information.
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X-Ray Vision & More (No Tights or Cape Required)
Sometimes in the course of work as an electrical or network installer, you need to be able to do things that seem a bit...superhuman. You need to be able to quickly and accurately measure distances in seconds. You need to know where studs and cables are located, even if there's a solid wall or a whole lot of earth blocking your line of sight. You need to be able to see what's causing a blockage, even if it's located deep within a pipe that no human could possibly squeeze themselves into. So what do you do?
The solution is simple: you just need the right tools. Distance meters, sound level meters, cable and pipe locators, magnetic locators, inspection and thermal cameras can all turn you into the super-powered professional who can see behind walls, find cables and pipes underground, and tell how far away something is without moving an inch. And this is where you find those tools.


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Google Adwords Management Concord NH
At Obelisk Enterprises we manage all of our Adwords campaigns in house. We are Google Adwords certified (and Google Partners too! – click our badge). We are different than most Pay Per Click management companies, in that you pay Google yourself and we create/enhance/optimize your campaigns to ensure you achieve the type of Return On Investment (ROI) only adwords can deliver when done properly.
We are completely transparent in our approach and work with you every step of the way to ensure key milestones are reached and course correct when necessary. Another aspect that differentiates us from the rest is our Pay For Performance approach. WE DO NOT DO CONTRACTS. That's right, if you are not happy with our work you simply stop paying and we part as friends, all set-up fee's are non-refundable due to the hard cost/time investment associated with the initial set-up but I'm sure you can appreciate that right? :).
The Obelisk Pay Per Click Management Process:
– Consultation with you to identify the most profitable opportunities for your business goals.
– Audit of your account to ensure Adwords best practices are implemented before set-up/going live.
– Landing page & conversion optimized collateral creation.
– Initial campaign creation & quality check before going live.
– Launch…
– Careful monitoring, A/B split-testing and adjustments to ensure key metrics are being met.
It's really a 3 step process…
Step 1 (Account Setup—1 to 5 Business Days): In step 1, we learn about your business in order to create the most cost effective PPC campaign possible. Through analyzing your goals and model our adviser will determine the best way to maximize your ROI within your budget.
Step 2 (Initial Account Management Phase—1 to 3 weeks): In this step we do a deep analysis of your best performing aspects of your PPC account. If no account exsist we will do a market analysis and put together a game plan to best allocate funds. Once funds have been properly allocated toward your keywords and ad groups, we proceed to A/B testing. Through A/B testing we create multiple ads and test the conversion of each ad against the traffic received. This will help us discover which ad has the highest click through rate.
Step 3 (On-Going Management/Optimization): At this point everything has been created and your site should be receiving traffic, but this doesn't mean that our service is done. Performance of a PPC campaign varies over time due to competition, bidding prices, algorithm changes, customer search habits, and other life events. With our PPC management we give you the peace of mind knowing that a professional is managing your spend, decreasing the anxiety of external factors influencing your business. Increasing Click-Through-Rates (CTR) and Conversions While Reducing Cost
So if you are located in Concord and are looking for a
Google Adwords management company you can trust then call today (603) 289-8690
Once speaking with us and determining Obelisk Enterprises is right for your business, we will collect some basic information to get you started.
From there, we will then schedule a call to get the process started. Before our call, we will take a look at your website and any current PPC accounts to get a good understanding of your business and advertising history. With this background knowledge and our first scheduled call, it will be our goal to have a full understanding of the goals and factors that will contribute to creating the best PPC strategy to move forward. We look forward to hearing from you, we look forward to helping you.
New Hampshire Service Areas:
PLEASE NOTE: If you don't see your service please reach out as we work nationally.


text: Brighten up any season with this brand new, handmade, Laser engraved Badge Ornament. Sheriff, Deputy, Patrolman or Trooper, this is a tribute to you! Laser carved and cut from 1/4" solid Red Alder. Approximate size 3"x3.4". This is an ideal decor piece for any home! Great for holiday decorations, home decor, or Christmas tree decoration. Makes a great gift! There is a hole provided for your ribbon or hook. You will love the intricate detail that the laser produces! This item is sold UNFINISHED, and there is no finish necessary for indoor use.


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Polarized Eyewear & Angler Accessories by Flying Fisherman
Availability: In Stock
Tubular bandana can be worn in a variety of ways and offers extra protection from the elements. Diamond Plate all-over design. Breathable, Lightweight 100% Polyester. Wicks Moisture and Drys Quickly. Fabric Keeps You Cool in The Summer, Warm in The Winter. Added UPF 30 Protection From Wind, Sun and UV Rays.


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A year after the border reopened, costa Rica has seen a recovery in tourist arrivals
Date: 2021-08-19
Costa Rica's Tourism board recently announced that since the border reopened in early August 2020 through July this year, the number of inbound tourists has recovered compared to the period from August 2019 to July 2020.
A total of 766,303 tourists visited Costa Rica in July this year after the border reopened in early August 2020, according to figures recently released by the Costa Rican Tourism Bureau, el Pais reported. The number of inbound tourists has recovered since the reopening of the border, compared to data from August 2019 to July 2020.
Data showed that July was the most visited month since the reopening of the country, with 146,915 visitors. In terms of countries of origin, the United States was the main source of tourists to Costa Rica with 549,752 visitors.
Despite the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, Costa Rica is one of the few countries in the world where all U.S. airlines have resumed flights, the tourism board stressed.
Costa Rica's tourism minister, Gustavo Segura, stressed: "We still have a long way to go and we must open up tourism to the world in the most appropriate way, always taking into account the health and safety of the people. At the same time, we must protect the environment in order to achieve sustainable development."


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Virtual Archives
Welcome to the Virtual Archives
Virtual Archives (VA) is an electronic archives publication. The historical documents presented here were transcribed and translated. This accessibility helps promote historical and documentary analyses.
Handwritten archives are often presented as museum pieces. The elegance of letters written by hand is captivating. However, sometimes handwriting prevents the content of a manuscript from being accessed. It is with the intention of making the content of handwritten documents accessible that Virtual Archives was created.
This electronic publishing initiative is also helping to create a database, which is still being developed and enriched. When annotated archives and virtual exhibits of historical documents are added, VA electronic publishing will be renewed and in constant progression. Special access to sources not only makes the texts easier to access and understand, it also centralizes the archival documents.
For this electronic publishing project, some documents from the Archdiocese of Quebec's archives collection have been scanned for preservation purposes. It will allow for the future development of electronic transcription software (École Polytechnique de Montréal) and the development of translation software from Latin and Classical French to contemporary French and English (PORTAGE project by the Interactive Language Technologies Group at the National Research Council's Institute for Information Technology).
The project is a work in progress thanks to the expert participation of the researchers.
Partners and collaborators
Word of thanks to the partners and collaborators of Virtual Archives
How to reach us
Your comments are welcome
Welcome to the Virtual Cathedral exhibit, which contains a remarkable collection of archives from the Archdiocese of Quebec.
This exhibit helps launch an electronic archives publication project that gives access to rare archival documents and their written content. Historical comprehension of the transcribed and translated texts is the intention of this project.
The meticulous and highly skilled preservation efforts of the Archdiocese of Quebec's archives office has led some of the oldest historical documents on the North American continent to make their way through the centuries so that they could be transmitted to us today. Related to the exhibited written documents is a selection of religious objects of art from the Treasury of the Archdiocese of Quebec—a magnificent complement to the exhibit.
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The PyPy Road Show (1): New York and IBM
We're slowly getting adjusted to the jet-lag (except maybe Samuele). Time to blog...
The past two days at IBM, in New York, have been quite interesting. The place is a research center. Feels University-like, but meetings rooms have no windows and climatization fixed on "polar" settings. The building is of course heated at this time of the year, and then the meeting rooms are climatized... I guess that just doesn't make sense to me.
We gave a 1h30 talk to a general audience first. Then we had a compact schedule of meetings with various people or groups of people. In the early preparations for this trip we planned to stay only one day, but Martin Hirzel, our host, found too many people that wanted to talk with us :-)
I think that both us and most of the people we talked with got interesting things out of the meetings. On our side, let me point a few highlights.
We asked two people that worked on the GCs for the Jikes RVM if reusing them for RPython programs would make sense. They didn't scream "you're mad!", so I guess the answer is yes. Apparently, it has been done before, too. I'm still not sure I got this right, but it seems that Microsoft paid someone money to integrate them with Rotor... Then the real-time garbage-collection guys explained to us the things that we need to take care about when writing a VM: real-time GC needs not only write barriers and read barriers, but pointer-equality-comparison barriers... They have bad memories of trying to add a posteriori this kind of barrier into existing VMs, so it took us a bit of explaining to make them realize that adding new kinds of barriers is mostly trivial for us (I'm still not 100% sure they got it... bad memories can stick hard).
Then we had discussions with JIT people. Mostly, this allowed us to confirm that Samuele has already got a good idea about what Java JITs like Hotspot can do, and in which kind of situation they work well. As expected, the most difficult bit for a PyPy-like JIT that would run on top of a JVM would be the promotion. We discussed approaches like first generating fall-back cases that include some instrumentation logic, and regenerating code with a few promoted values after some time if it seems like it will be a gain. Replacing a method with a new version is difficult to do in a way that is portable across Java VMs. There are still possible workarounds, but it also means that if we really want to explore this seriously, we should consider experimenting with specifics VMs - e.g. the Jikes RVM gives (or could be adapted to give) hooks to replace methods with new versions of them, which is something that the JVM's own JIT internally does all the time.
We showed the taint object space and the sandboxed PyPy to several groups of security people. I won't say much about it here, beyond the fact that they were generally interested by the fact that the corresponding code is very short and easy to play with. They are doing a lot on security in Java and... PHP, for web sites. Someone could write a PHP interpreter (!) in PyPy to get the same kind of results. But as Laura and Samuele put it, there are things in life you do for fun, and things you do for money :-)
We're in Vancouver today and tomorrow. More about this later...
Armin Rigo


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If you want to know what it's really like at Mayo Clinic, just ask. You'll find that our pride–in where we work, and in what we do–is a common trait. You will also find a lot of inspiring stories about lives changed for the better.
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The Nurse Residency Program (NRP) is for all nurses with less than 12 months of experience, to be completed within the first year. NRP provides a framework for a successful transtion to a professional nurse by promoting educational and personal advancement.
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Residential Locksmith Toms River, NJ – Locksmith Store
Do you suspect your home locks having been played with by a vandal. Do your locks seem to be slightly off-track lately? Call a professional locksmith today to get your locks on shape immediately! How can peaceful sleep be a possibility when you know that burglars can break-in the house at any moment? Locksmith Store is a locksmithing firm that has top-rated locksmiths who are adept at fixing all kinds of lock and key issues and suggest right solutions for all kinds of locksmith situations.
We have an amiable team of locksmiths who are dedicated to serving the community with fervor. This is exactly why our locksmiths familiarize themselves with latest evolvements in the industry and also implement cutting-edge tools and machinery to resolve all sorts of lock and locksmith issues.
Our service offerings
The 24/7 locksmith
Locks aren't an element to be played with, whether it is a jamming issue or physical damage, the impact of it is always quite massive on personal safety and one's routine life. When a lock issue arises, it does not come with a warning, which makes matters worse. Due to a simple lockout issue, you might ruin one of the biggest days of your life too! Don't want to be in such a situation? Then call Locksmith Store – the 24 hour locksmithing firm to help you and we will be there within 15 minutes and redeem you from such a pressing situation within a few moments.
Home security experts
In a world that revolves rapidly and every other minute is a moment of discovery, it is quite uncanny to think that one can be the master of all, having direct control over everything. With a whole load of responsibilities placed on your shoulder, the last thing you'd want to worry about is your home security. When you are put in a stance when you'd be forced to lose your sleep due to the home security issues, all you need to do is give Locksmith Store a call to have the assistance of residential locksmiths who would offer comprehensive suggestions to fortify your home security.
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Call us at 732-587-5983 to have the assistance of a residential locksmith in Toms River, NJ area.


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In general terms PLCs are probably one of most widely used pieces of control and automation technology. The clue really comes from the name PLC, or "programmable logic controller". It is the fact that they are programmable that makes them so versatile in their application. PLCs contain a processor, memory to hold their programming and other data and input and output modules. They are usually programmed via a PC and there are a number of different industry standard (IEC 61131-3) languages that may be used.
A PID Controller is different to a PLC. It still requires inputs and outputs to receive information from the process and send signals back to control it but it contains specialist algorithms designed to control a process with one or multiple control loops. The term 'PID' relates to "Proportional Integral Derivative" control.
A control loop aims to get a process to a desired value (setpoint). This may be as simple as a dimmer switch connected to a lightbulb. This is an example of 'open loop' control – whereby the operator has to control what happens. Closed loop control provides feedback to the control system so that changes to the process can be made automatically. Continuing our theme of light bulbs, this would require a light sensor to be fitted into the loop so that as a room became darker the current to the bulb would increase so the bulb became brighter. The 'setpoint' in this example would be the desired level of light in the room.
PID control is used where greater levels of precision in control are required. It combines three control terms to give a single output to drive the setpoint. The Proportional band gives an output that is proportional to the error (the difference between the setpoint and the actual process value). The controller is tuned with a proportional band range that aims to get the process value to the setpoint in the shortest time without prolonged oscillations around the setpoint. If the band is set too wide, full power will be removed while there is still a large error and the setpoint will not be reached. If the band is too narrow, the power will be left on until the process value is very close to setpoint and there will be significant 'overshoot'. As it tries to right itself the narrow band will cause power to be switched on and off, which will cause oscillations around the setpoint that will take a long time to settle – if, indeed, they ever do.
Proportional control gives the operator no options to increase power demand if setpoint cannot be reached. There are always losses in a control loop. In simple terms, think of your house and whether it is perfectly insulated, for example. If the losses in a system counterbalance the proportional control, the process will never reach its setpoint. In such cases, more power needs to be introduced. To resolve this potential issue, Integral control determines the control reaction based on the sum of recent errors to close any gaps.
Proportional Integral (PI) Control reacts to changes seen by the process controller and, as such, is retrospective. Derivative control determines control reaction based on the rate that the error has been changing and so anticipates control requirements. This term of the control algorithm is designed to reduce overshoot and undershoot of the control setpoint. It helps improve stability and handle sudden changes in the process; such as a sudden temperature change due to a door opening, for example.
Control such as that provided by Eurotherm control algorithms can meet all sorts of different control needs. Of course controllers can handle straightforward control and offer reliable, assured performance that will optimize and maximize overall process performance. The difference with Eurotherm control is highlighted in a number of different areas. Eurotherm autotune algorithms (autotune helps you tune your process and achieve optimum proportional, integral and derivative term settings) save engineering time and money. The benefits of the performance of the control itself mean increased stability and process repeatability. Eurotherm control is particularly beneficial in highly regulated or sophisticated control applications.
Alongside world-class PID control, Eurotherm ensures that the devices it offers meet other application and industry needs. In the aerospace industry, for example, I/O must meet a certain level of accuracy and sensitivity to meet the precise thermal processing needs and quality levels this industry demands. Many more sophisticated processes also do not have a single setpoint requirement. They require a setpoint that changes over time – a setpoint profile. Flexible setpoint programmer tools are required to meet these needs without large engineering overheads.
Stable, precise control offers many benefits. Correctly applied, good control has a large impact on a plant's profitability. It will reduce process times, improve product quality, lower costs associated with scrap, and optimize energy usage.
Alongside good control, many industries also require records of a process. This used to be achieved using paper chart recorders. Operators would periodically take the paper record from the recorder and store as appropriate, either with a batch of goods or in an archive. Paper chart recorders were superseded by graphic, paperless recorders some time ago. These provided secure electronic records that could be archived to flash drives, removable electronic media or over the network. This natural progression meant that storing and searching data archives became much more efficient. Today, it is not uncommon for the data recording to be carried out by the control unit. Again, however, the security and accuracy of these records is vital for certain industries and not all records or recording strategies are equal! Ensuring records are complete and secure requires careful requires careful design and understanding of regulations that allow for the use of electronic records.
For certain industries where precision and security are paramount, specialist PID knowledge and algorithms are needed. Features such as flexible setpoint programmers and autotune algorithms help to keep engineering budgets under control. PLCs, however, offer greater flexibility and freedom in programming to meet broader application needs. The programming languages used are also often familiar as the technology is used in many different areas of the plant.
So why not have both? The E+PLC range from Eurotherm by Schneider Electric takes the best of both worlds. It integrates proven, well-accepted Eurotherm control algorithms into a PLC platform that uses standard IEC programming languages. Engineering costs are optimized through the use of standard function blocks, re-usable engineering, flexible communications options and ready, integrated visualisation with automated tag resolution. It offers users auto-tuned PID response that gives faster control without overshoot or oscillation and tighter, more stable control without the need for manual intervention. High resolution I/O and secure recording based on decades of expertise in this area provide a route to further lower engineering costs and obtain easier regulatory compliance.
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Kimactive Pro - Eclipse Grey
Couldn't load pickup availability
Kimyra Kimactive Pro 1 is the latest muslimah jersey revolution with its simple yet attractive colours that speaks character of a wearer - unlike the usual muslimah jersey in the market. It's not just for sports, but more than that; Perfect for casual events, for sightseeing, to enjoy your shopping time in the mall, and more!
SET PREMIUM & EXCLUSIVE specially for you!
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Kimyra Kimactive - Modest women sportwear specially created for women & modern muslimah to stay beautiful even in active, sports or casual setting.
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Contact 60196961634 for available readystock!


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Packages for the release of the KDE Software Compilation 4.6 Beta 1 are available for Kubuntu 10.10 and Natty.
These are beta packages for beta software, expect bugs.
Bugs in packaging should be reported to kubuntu-ppa on Launchpad. Bugs in the software to KDE.
Users of 10.10 can install it from the Kubuntu Beta PPA.
To update, use the Software Repository Guide to add the following repository to your software sources list:
These packages will break if you have KDE PIM 4.6 beta packages installed. Do not use in this case. Updates KDE PIM 4.6 beta packages will be available soon.
Thanks to yofel, aaskahy and others for their help with this release.


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Other Health Sites Chiroweb.com Dynamicchiropractic.com Chirofind.com Acupuncturetoday.com
Married couples share many common traits and habits - if one spouse smokes, the other often does; if one exercises, so does the other. Adult-onset diabetes is increasingly being shown to be based on lifestyle factors, rather than genetic ones.
A recent study in Diabetes Care determined the presence of adult-onset (type 2) diabetes and high blood sugar in the spouses of known diabetics attending a specialized clinic. The 245 spouses in this first group were then compared to 234 spouses of nondiabetic individuals.
People married to diabetics were more than twice as likely to have diabetes and glucose intolerance themselves than spouses of people without diabetes. Spouses of diabetics were also more likely to be obese or overweight and to have high blood pressure than the healthy individuals' spouses - both risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.
We've long known that if you have a parent or sibling with diabetes, you are at an increased risk for the condition. This study shows that lifestyle clearly has a significant influence on diabetes risk; the increased odds of sharing diabetes with a family member may be due more to similar habits than to genetics. To avoid developing type 2 diabetes, maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, and keep your blood pressure and cholesterol levels in check - and make sure your significant other does the same.
Khan A, Lasker SS, Chowdhury TA. Are spouses of patients with type 2 diabetes at increased risk of developing diabetes? Diabetes Care 2003:26, pp. 710-712.
Learn more about general health at www.chiroweb.com/find/archives/general.
Health News


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EDITOR'S NOTE: BP Ledger carries items for reader information each week from various Southern Baptist-related entities, and news releases of interest from other sources. The items are published as received.
Today's BP Ledger contains items from:
Southern Evangelical Seminary
Campbellsville University
WORLD News Service
Campbellsville students serve during spring break
By Samantha Stevenson, student newswriter
CAMPBELLSVILLE, Ky. (Campbellsville University) Spring break is one of the most anticipated vacation times for anyone in school, particularly for students in college. For most college students, spring break either means a relaxing time at home, earning money at work or going out to vacation with friends. For several students at Campbellsville University, however, they anticipated their spring break for another reason.
Approximately 50 students set out and served in six locations during the first week of March in Panama City Beach, Fla.; Northern Florida; Mexico; Haiti; Belize; and Tanzania.
They did everything from serving pancakes to those on the beach, to ministering to those in prison and teaching English to students in Belize.
Students from CU's Baptist Campus Ministry organization took to the beaches to minister to college students staying in Panama City Beach, Fla. Jasmine Barnett from Greensburg, Ky., Adam Durham from Lancaster Ky., Fontez Hill from La Center, Ky., Michaela Parker form Hopkinsville, Ky., Kathryn Thomas from Elizabethtown Ky., and Zack Wright from Summerville, Ky., spent their spring break participating in one of Lifeway's many ministries, Beach Reach.
Beach Reach is a ministry that attempts to share the gospel through their breakfast preparation and transportation services to teens and 20 year olds in the Panama City Beach area.
In the mornings, approximately 200 Christian college students made and handed out free pancakes to spring breakers eating at Rocket Lanes, a local business that is Christian-owned and operated. This ministry alone reached over 600 people each day.
When they weren't out advertising for their nighttime ministry, the remainder of their days were spent together in a prayer and worship service. The students handed out cards with a telephone number on it that connected to a control center that then transferred the information to several vans, who picked up anywhere from one to eight spring breakers during the night. The van ride is the second major opportunity to have gospel conversations with the passengers.
This ministry led to six decisions of faith from vacationers staying in Panama City Beach.
Jasmine Barnett, a BCM intern from Greensburg, Ky., said that the highlight of her trip was presenting the gospel alongside her peers to an atheist for over an hour and a half.
"He was genuinely interested in what we were saying, and I could tell he didn't want to leave. He didn't get saved, but we definitely planted a seed," Barnett said.
Several Campbellsville University's football players also spent their spring break serving in Florida. Players Wes Cain from Alachua, Fla., Blake Cordell from Elizabethtown, Ky. Rodrick Dickerson from Memphis, Tenn., Anthony Douglas form Chattanooga, Tenn., Dylan Hale from Tompkinsville, Ky., Michael K. Jackson from Lexington, Ky.,
Erik Krivitsky from Elizabethtown, Ky., Cameron Looper from Paducah, Ky., Seth McFerrin from Old Hickory, Tenn., Eli Mitchell from Elizabethtown, Ky., Caleb Myers from Ferdinand, Ky., Bryan Parnes from Dania Park, Fla., and Adam Robertson from Knoxville, Tenn. traveled to prisons in Orlando, Fla. alongside their coaches Hunter Cantwell, Josh Dye and Jim Hardy.
The players spent four days sharing the gospel and playing softball with inmates in maximum-security prisons in Florida. They spent one of their last days painting and restoring a Habitat for Humanity Center in the Orlando area.
Another group of students partnered with Project Fortify and traveled to Mexico to work with low-income families and orphans. CU students Brad Clem from Scottsburg, Ind., Cassidy Flowers from Kevil, Ky., Michael Jennings from Edmonton, Ky., Mikey Hatcher from Campbellsville, Ky.,
Sadie Mills from Hardyville, Ky., Aaron Nosich from Radcliff, Ky., Lucas Pepper from Hodgenville, Ky., Carissa Royer from Marion, N.C., Maggie Vaughn from Glasgow, Ky., and Mallory Vest from Fruitport, Mich., spent their time delivering supplies and repairing an orphanage in Mexico. The CU students also got to spend time with the children by teaching them, playing soccer with them and sharing the gospel with them.
"I had an amazing time, I left my heart in Mexico!" Sadie Mills said. This trip sparked a missionary call on her life, and Mills intends on spending more time in serving in Texas and Mexico in the years to come.
Neply, Haiti was another area of the globe impacted by Campbellsville University students this spring break. Dustin Ford from Campbellsville, Ky. spearheaded a trip to Haiti through "My Life Speaks," an organization that ministers to the needy, particularly special needs children.
Ford was joined by his fiancé Kayla Howard from Frankfort, Ky., and Bethany Bugg from Wilmore, Ky., Dena Clements from Campbellsville, Ky., and Marc Workman and Savannah Workman, both from Fort Gray, W.Va.
Campbellsville University's School of Education and School of Nursing also took mission trips to different parts of the Southern Hemisphere. Education students Hannah Allen from Liberty, Ky., Courtney Cain from Mintonville, Ky., Monica Canada from Woodbine, Ky., Rita Curtis from Campbellsville. Ky., Nakita Gavre from Harned, Ky., Mary Hodgen from Springfield, Ky.,
Emily Scott from Eddyville, Ky., Shannon Shippee from Elizabethtown, Ky., Kaitlyn Skaggs from New Haven, Ky., Arianna Snyder from Mt. Sherman, Ky., Ariella Snyder from Mt. Sherman, Ky., Tammy Snyder, secretary to early childhood education, from Mt. Sherman, Ky., Courtney Spurling from Mt. Washington, Ky., and Hayley Beth Taylor were joined by their professors Dr. Lisa Allen, assistant professor of special education, and Dr. Sharon Hundley, associate professor of education and chair of the early childhood education program in Belize.
While there, they put their teaching skills to good use by teaching English to the students in their schools. They also brought over school supplies and clothes to the orphanage.
Mary Hodgen, a sophomore from Springfield, Ky., said her favorite part of her experience was visiting the orphanage.
"Their faces lit up when they saw all of the clothing supplies that we brought them! They were all very excited to have us and the children were very respectful," Hodgen said.
Angie Atwood, assistant professor of nursing, traveled with two nursing students, Kisha Tarter and Jessica Cross, both of Russell Springs, Ky., to Kigoma, Tanzania.
They worked in the Kigoma Baptist Hospital with International Mission Board American missionary Dr. Larry Pepper. "We served the Tanzanian people both medically and spiritually," Atwood said.
She said, in addition to utilizing their nurses' skills, they led morning Bible devotions for the healthcare providers to encourage them spiritually.
Atwood also shared a postoperative nursing care lecture to hospital staff. "The healthcare workers were eager to learn nursing practices utilized in the United States," she said.
Students in the School of Theology also had an opportunity to travel to the Holy Land in Israel and Jordan with several of their professors, CU alumni, family and friends. While there, these travelers got to tour some of the famous sites in the Bible, including the Jordan River where Jesus was baptized, the Sea of Galilee and the tomb where Jesus is said to have been placed after his crucifixion.
At the site of the tomb, BCM president Noah Blackburn of Proctorville, Ky., and president-elect Joey Bomia of Marion, Ky. led their peers, professors and fellow travelers in a meaningful worship service and communion.
Richard Land, at Southern Evan. Seminary, begins radio program
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (Southern Evangelical Seminary) — Dr. Richard Land, president of Southern Evangelical Seminary is encouraging listeners to "Bring Every Thought Captive" through a new, three-minute radio program airing every weekday on several radio stations and podcasts on the SES website (www.SES.edu) that debuted March 17.
The new program, "Bringing Every Thought Captive," airs Monday through Friday and features Dr. Land as he comments on current events and issues from the perspective of the Christian faith.
"As Christians, 'we demolish arguments and every pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God, and we take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ,' as the Bible tell us in 2 Corinthians 10:5," Land said. "I look forward to applying a biblical worldview to the many pressing issues in today's society and sharing with other Christians how we can 'bring every thought captive.' We hope that Southern Evangelical Seminary's new radio program will engage listeners and help them to think about everyday topics from a fresh perspective and always through the lens of a biblical worldview."
"Bringing Every Thought Captive" airs at 8:25 a.m. EST during morning drive time, immediately following "Back to the Bible" (originally hosted by Dr. Woodrow Kroll and now hosted by Dr. John Munro, Senior Pastor of Calvary Church in Charlotte) on WHVN 1240 AM and 104.3 FM in Charlotte, as well as on WCGC Radio 1270 AM in Belmont, N.C., and WTIX-AM 1410 in Concord, N.C.
The program is streamed live online at HeavenRadio.org and airs again at 5:55 p.m. following the popular syndicated broadcast of "Love Worth Finding" with Dr. Adrian Rogers. "Bringing Every Thought Captive" is also available for download at www.ses.edu and podcast daily on the free SES mobile app.
Land served previously (1988-2013) as president of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, the Southern Baptist Convention entity assigned to address social, moral and ethical concerns.
Mark Driscoll apologizes, says he wants to be a pastor, not a celebrity
By Warren Cole Smith
SEATTLE (World News Service) — Mark Driscoll, pastor of Mars Hill Church in Seattle, wrote in a letter to his congregation that his "angry-young-prophet days are over" and that he plans to take steps to become "a helpful, Bible-teaching spiritual father."
Driscoll's nearly 2,000-word letter, posted Friday on the megachurch's private online community known as "The City" and published elsewhere since, apologized for recent missteps he and the church have made and outlined plans to keep them from recurring. Among the steps Driscoll planned to take included refraining from posting on social media until "at least the end of the year" and to doing few, if any, media interviews.
The letter also expressed regret for activities he engaged in to put his book Real Marriage on the New York Times best-seller list. Mars Hill spokesman Justin Dean had previously defended the use of the marketing firm ResultSource to buy books in quantity in order to get Real Marriage on prominent best-seller lists. But in his letter of apology, Driscoll wrote, "In retrospect, I no longer see it that way. Instead, I now see it as manipulating a book sales reporting system, which is wrong. I am sorry that I used this strategy, and will never use it again. I have also asked my publisher to not use the '#1 New York Times bestseller' status in future publications, and am working to remove this from past publications as well."
Driscoll also re-affirmed his commitment to Dave Bruskas and Sutton Turner as executive elders in the church, adding that the Board of Oversight and Accountability put in place several years ago would remain in place. That board announced its continued support of Driscoll on March 7.
Mars Hill Church and Driscoll have been influential in evangelical circles since the late 1990s. The Acts 29 church planting and networking organization Driscoll co-founded with David Nicholas now has more than 400 congregations associated with it. And while Driscoll's outsized personality coupled with his drive and energy have led to great accomplishments, they have also led to controversy. For example, he is no longer associated with Acts 29, and Mars Hill has experienced a dramatic turnover in leadership in the past three years. Driscoll alluded to the turnover in his letter. "I am deeply grieved and even depressed by the pain we have caused," he wrote. "Many have chosen to air their concerns online, and I apologize for any burden this may have brought on you."
Many Mars Hill observers saw the letter and Driscoll's open repentance as a step in the right direction, but several Mars Hill watchdog websites immediately posted the text of a sermon Driscoll gave in 2007, when the church was previously rocked by controversy and senior staff turnover. "I apologize and repent publicly to you, the church, for whom I am responsible for much pride in the history of my ministry that some of you have poorly imitated," he said from the pulpit then. "And for that, I'm deeply sorry."
Driscoll concluded that sermon by saying, "I am not a humble man. But as result of study, I'm a man who is acknowledging his pride and pursuing humility by God's grace."
Several bloggers hold Driscoll's words from seven years ago against him today, but others are more willing to give him the benefit of the doubt.
"This seems to me like a genuine apology and repentance, for which I am thankful," theologian and seminary professor Wayne Grudem said of Friday's letter.
Although Mars Hill said it was not distributing Driscoll's online letter beyond the Mars Hill community, given the pastor's high profile that was not a realistic expectation, and the statement quickly gained widespread circulation via Reddit and other websites.


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Without First Tee, I would still be the shy kid from Salinas, CA with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Devoid of lessons learned through First Tee programs, I would simply not be writing this letter yet alone be talking.
When you suffer sixteen seizures at two years old and have doctors tell your parents that you will never talk or never succeed in a mainstream class in school, I guess you can say I learned perseverance early in my life.
My parents enrolled me into numerous special education classes, occupational and physical therapy to regain my small muscle skills. However, with those classes came constant bullying of racial slurs and derogatory labels. Looking for appropriate programs that would help my social and physical development, my parents enrolled me into First Tee – Monterey County in 2005.
You can say that my local chapter and I have grown up together, so I consider myself part of the foundation and groundwork of our chapter. The coaches were always inclusive and willing to help guide my growth as a young adult on and off the golf course.
Despite the respect and acceptance into a sport that has given me so much, I still had a secret that I needed to tell. I did not share my disability with my First Tee coaches until 2014 when I talked to our Executive Director, Nick Nelson.
I was applying for the Outstanding Participant Summit, and I needed a recommendation letter from him. When he read my essay for the application he said to me," Derrick, I had no idea you had Autism."
Hearing that from someone I respect and look up to be a huge weight lifted off of my shoulders. This was the first time in my life that I felt loved by people who truly care for me, the sport of golf provided me an inclusive and safe environment where I was allowed to grow and develop as a golfer but most importantly a future citizen.
Building on this newfound confidence I was able to share my disability with my best friends at school and others outside my family.
In addition to life skills and core values I learned the importance of networking. I was honored to participate in five national First Tee events, where I met fellow First Tee members like me from all around the country. I keep in touch with most of the participants I have met along the way and cherish their friendship and support.
What so many people consider to be a rich man's sport is a sport that has given me a once in a lifetime opportunity. First Tee taught me life and golf skills – how to speak at public events to coaching an anti-bullying station during summer camp.
Most of these small accomplishments seem impossible to achieve with a disability like mine, but all you have to do is persevere through all the learning experiences I had to endure, working hard and never ever giving up. That is the impact First Tee has given me.


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Handmade cushion from high quality cotton. Will add a magical touch each bedroom.
Combined with other pillows from our collection will create a unique design.
- Dimensions: 55 cm
- Fabric: 100% plumetis cotton Oeko-Tex certified
- Filling: Hypoallergenic silicone fiber
- Shipping: 2-5 days
- Colours: gray
- Handwash, at 30 °C


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Myra E 400 IU Capsule d-Alpha Tocopherol (Vitamin E) d-alpha-tocopherol (Myra E 400) is an oblong-shaped, orange-colored softgel capsule with "Myra E 400". |
1. Who can take Myra E 400? Can men also take it?
Myra E 400 can be taken by both men and women 19 years and older.
2. When is the right time to take Myra 400 E?
Myra E 400 may be taken at any time of the day, preferably with meals.
3. What is the effect of Myra E 400? In how many days will I see any results or changes?
Myra E 400 contains Vitamin E, an antioxidant, which protects our cells from damage by harmful chemicals called free radicals. Thus, it is difficult to say when one will see any changes because most of the effect will be "inside".
4. Is it true that Vitamin E (such as Myra E 400) can cause tuberculosis when used by smokers?
Vitamin E such as Myra E 400 does not cause tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on clinical studies, smoking may increase the risk of tuberculosis. We recommend that you consult your physician on proper advice on nutritional supplementation and healthy lifestyle.
5. Is Vitamin E safe after long term use? Does it accumulate in the liver?
Based on clinical studies, long term use of recommended doses of Vitamin E supplements by healthy individuals is generally safe. Vitamin E does not accumulate in the liver.
6. Can Myra E 400 be taken twice a day?
No. The recommended daily dose of Myra E 400 is 1 soft gel capsule a day.*
7. Can Vitamin E be taken with other vitamins at the same time?
Yes. However, you should make sure that the other products you are taking do not contain vitamin E to avoid excessive intake (greater than 400 IU per day) of the vitamin.*
8. Is Myra E 400 safe for pregnant or breastfeeding women?
The amount of Vitamin E found in the normal diet (usually found in nuts, oil seeds, legumes, grains, and vegetable oils) and in pre- and postnatal multivitamins (which are specifically formulated for pregnant and breastfeeding women) is generally safe. Myra E 400 is not intended for pregnant and breastfeeding women as it has a relatively higher amount of Vitamin E than what is recommended during pregnancy and lactation.*
9. Can Myra E 400 be taken with birth control pills?
Clinical Studies have shown that women taking oral contraceptives have lower levels of vitamin E in the body. Therefore, Vitamin E supplementation may be beneficial for contraceptive users.*
10. Do you need to take Vitamin C in order for Vitamin E to be absorbed by the body?
No. Vitamin E can be absorbed by the body when taken alone. Vitamin C is not required for vitamin E absorption.
11. Can Myra E 400 softgel capsule and Conzace softgel capsule be taken at the same time?
Myra E 400 and Conzace should not be taken at the same time since these products both contain Vitamin E.*
12. I'm 18 years old. Can I already take Myra E 400?
Yes, you may already take Myra E.*
13. When is the best time to take Myra E 400? Is it safe to be taken on an empty stomach? Is it safe to be taken everyday?
Myra E 400 may be taken at any time of the day, preferably with meals since it contains vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin which is absorbed together with lipids/fat in the diet. The recommended dose for Myra E 400 is one softgel capsule once daily. To date, there have been no reported side effects with Myra E 400 when it is taken as recommended (i.e., one softgel capsule a day).*
14. What is the generic name of Myra E 400?
The generic name of the vitamin E variant found in Myra E 400 softgel capsule is d-alpha tocopherol.
15. What does Myra E 400 contain? Can it aggravate acne?
Myra E 400 contains Vitamin E. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects our cells from harmful free radicals. It can help maintain healthy skin as it promotes cell and tissue renewal. It has not been shown to aggravate acne. *
16. What are the side effects associated with the long term use of Myra E 400 softgel capsule?
Myra E 400 softgel capsule has not been reported to cause undesirable effects when taken in the recommended dose (i.e., one softgel capsule once a day).*
*We strongly recommend that you consult your doctor for proper advice before using any medications, including vitamins, supplements, herbals, and products for the skin.
instruction for use: Orally, one soft gel capsule daily. Or, as directed by a doctor.
Myra E 400 IU Capsule d-Alpha Tocopherol (Vitamin E) |
What I like:
- The price- affordable.
- The product comes in a plastic container and well-sealed.
- The capsule is easy to swallow.
- There's no funky odor/scent coming from the pill. I noticed a mild sweet scent every time I take this brand.
- Doesn't give me a stomach ache, nausea, dizziness or allergic reactions.
- No breakouts, allergic reaction or whatsoever.
- It made my pale skin brighter and glowing.
- I didn't saw effects on these areas: protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders and improve nerve functions and help prevent the onset of neuromuscular degenerative diseases BUT these things are very important to consider especially in late 30's I guess.
- There are a batch, manufacturing and expiry date printed on the bottle.
- Easily accessible.
- Aside from skin benefits, my ob-gyne advised me to take this as a preparation for healthy pregnancy together with folic acid.
- None


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Social media often feeds into the discovery of new content such as news stories, and "discovery" is a search activity. Many people also perform searches at social media sites to find social media content. Social connections may also impact the relevancy of some search results, either within a social media network or at a 'mainstream' search engine. Social media itself is a catch-all term for sites that may provide radically different social actions. For instance, Twitter is a social site designed to let people share short messages or "updates" with others.
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Social Campaigns
Digital Marketing
July 28, 2017
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Competitive analysis is a key aspect when in the beginning stages of an SEO campaign. Far too often, I see organizations skip this important step and get right into keyword mapping, optimizing content, or link building. But understanding who our competitors are and seeing where they stand can lead to a far more comprehensive understanding of what our goals should be and reveal gaps or blind spots.


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Taylor Hill is the newest face of Lancôme – the beauty brand's youngest ever ambassadress at just 20 years old. Hill joins actresses including Lupita Nyong'o, Julia Roberts and Penelope Cruz in representing the brand, as well as fellow model Daria Werbowy.
Picture credit: Taylor Hill/Instagram
"I am so excited and happy to announce that I will be joining the Lancôme family as their newest face!!! This an amazing day and I cannot believe one of my biggest dreams has come true!!," Hill posted on Instagram alongside a picture of herself with a large bunch of red roses. "Thank you so much to everyone at Lancôme for believing in me and having me [as] a part of your amazing family."
With over four million Instagram followers and a Victoria's Secret contract to her name, Hill represents the younger generation of social-media-savvy models claiming beauty contracts across the board – think Bella Hadid at Dior, Lily-Rose Depp at Chanel, Gigi Hadid at Maybelline and Kendall Jenner at Estée Lauder.