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A few weeks ago, PLoS One published a paper on the observation of preserved chitin in 34 million year old cuttlebones. Now the Institute for Creation Research has twisted the science to support their belief that the earth is less than ten thousand years old. It was all so predictable. It's a game they play, the same game they played with the soft tissue preserved in T. rex bones. Here's how it works.
Compare the two approaches, science vs. creationism. The creationists basically insert one falsehood, generate a ludicrous conflict, and choose the dumbest of the two alternatives.
The Scientific Approach ↓ ↓ find traces of organic material in ancient fossils ↓ Cool! We have evidence of ancient biochemistry! ↓ Science! |
The Creationist Approach ↓ declare it impossible for organic material to be ancient ↓ steal other people's discovery of organic material in ancient fossils ↓ Cool! Declare that organic material must not be ancient, because of step 1, which we invented ↓ Throw out geology, chemistry, and physics because they say the material is old ↓
You see, the scientists are aware of the fact that organic materials degrade over time, but recognize that we don't always know the rate of decay under all possible conditions. When we find stuff that hasn't rotted away or been fully replaced by minerals, we're happy because we've got new information about ancient organisms, and we may also be able to figure out what mechanisms promoted the preservation of the material.
The creationists start with dogma — in this case, a false statement. They declare
Chitin is a biological material found in the cuttlebones, or internal shells, of cuttlefish. It has a maximum shelf life of thousands of years…
Because of observed bacterial and biochemical degradation rates, researchers shouldn't expect to find any original chitin (or any other biomolecule) in a sample that is dozens of millions of years old–and it therefore should be utterly absent from samples deposited hundreds of millions of years ago. Thus, the chitin found in these fossils refutes their millions-of-years evolutionary interpretation, just as other fossil biomolecules already have done.
But wait. How do they know that? The paper they are citing says nothing of the kind; to the contrary, it argues that while rare, other examples of preserved chitin have been described.
Detection of chitin in fossils is not frequent. There are reports of fossil chitin in pogonophora, and in insect wings from amber. Chitin has also been reported from beetles preserved in an Oligocene lacustrine deposit of Enspel, Germany and chitin-protein signatures have been found in cuticles of Pennsylvanian scorpions and Silurian eurypterids.
So the paper is actually saying that the "maximum shelf life" of chitin is several tens of millions of years. And then they go on to describe…chitin found in Oligocene cuttlefish, several tens of millions of years old. The creationists are busily setting up an imaginary conflict in the evidence, a conflict that does not exist and is fully addressed in the paper.
The creationists do try to back up their claims, inappropriately. They cite a couple of papers on crustacean taphonomy where dead lobsters were sealed up in anoxic, water- and mud-filled jars; they decayed. Then they announce that there's only one way for these cuttlebones to be preserved, and that was by complete mineralization, and the cuttlebones in the PLoS One paper were not mineralized.
…mineralization–where tissues are replaced by minerals–is required for tissue impressions to last millions of years. And the PLoS ONE researchers verified that their cuttlebone chitin was not mineralized.
Funny, that. You can read the paper yourself. I counted 14 uses of the words "mineralized" and "demineralized". They state over and over that they had to specifically demineralize the specimens in hydrochloric acid to expose the imbedded chitin. And of course the chitin itself hadn't been mineralized, or it wouldn't be chitin anymore! Did the creationists lie, or did they just not understand the paper?
The scientists also do not claim that the chitin has not been degraded over time. They actually document some specific, general properties of decay in the specimens.
β-chitin is characterized by parallel chains of chitin molecules held together with inter-chain hydrogen bonding. The OH stretching absorbance, at about 3445 cmâ1 in extant chitin, is diminished in the fossil and shifted to lower wavenumbers, showing that the specimen is losing OH by an as yet undetermined mechanism. The N-H asymmetric stretching vibration is shifted to slightly lower wavenumbers, showing that it is no longer hydrogen bonding exactly as in extant specimens. Changes in the region 2800-3600 cmâ1 indicate that biomolecules have been degraded via disruption of interchain hydrogen bonds.
So, yes, the creationists seem to have rather misrepresented what the paper said. Here's another blatant example of lying about the contents of the paper.
The question they did not answer, however, is why the original organic chitin had not completely fallen apart, which it would have if the fossils with it were 34 million years old…
Actually, they did. A substantial chunk of the discussion was specifically about that question, a consideration of the factors that contributed to the preservation. It was a combination of an anoxic environment, the presence of molecules that interfered with the enzymes that break down chitin, and the structure of cuttlebone, which interleaves layers containing chitin with layers containing pre-mineralized aragonite.
In vivo inorganic-organic structure of the cuttlebone, in combination with physical and geochemical conditions within the depositional environment and favorable taphonomic factors likely contributed to preservation of organics in M. mississippiensis. Available clays within the Yazoo Clay in conjunction with suboxic depositional environment may have facilitated preservation of original organics by forming a physical and geochemical barrier to degradation. One key to the preservation of organic tissues, in particular chitin and chitosan, is cessation of bacterial degradation within environments of deposition. Bacterial breakdown of polymeric molecules is accomplished through activities of both free extracellular enzymes (those in the water column) and ektoenzymes (those on the surface of the microbial cell) such as chitinases. Chitinases function either by cleaving glycosidic bonds that bind repeating N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units within chitin molecules or by cleaving terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine groups. These enzymes adsorb to the surface of clay particles, which inactivates them. Strong ions in solution like iron may act in the same manner. Once bound to functional groups within these polymeric molecules, Fe2+ ions prevent specific bond configuration on the active-site cleft of specific bacterial chitinases and prevents hydrolysis, thus contributing to preservation.
Organic layers within cuttlebones are protected by mineralized layers, similar to collagen in bones, and this mineral-organic interaction may also have played a role in their preservation. Specimens of M. mississipiensis show preserved original aragonite as well as apparent original organics. These organics appear to be endogenous and not a function of exogenous fungal or microbial activity. Fungi contain the γ form of chitin not the β allomorph found in our samples. Also, SEM analyses shows there is no evidence of tunneling, microbes, or wide-spread recrystallization of the aragonite. Therefore the chitin-like molecules detected in fossil sample are most likely endogenous. Similar to collagen in bone, perhaps, organics could not be attacked by enzymes or other molecules until some inorganic matrix had been removed.
Like I always say, never ever trust a creationists' interpretation of a science paper: they don't understand it, and they are always filtering it through a distorting lens of biblical nonsense. They make such egregious errors of understanding that you're always left wondering whether they are actually that stupid, or that sleazily dishonest. Or both.
But imagine if the creationists hadn't screwed up royally in reading the paper, if they had actually found an instance of scientists being genuinely baffled by a discovery that should not be. What if there was actually good reason to believe that chitin could not last more than ten thousand years?
Then the only sensible interpretation of this observation of 34 million year old chitin would be that the prior estimation of the shelf-life of chitin was wrong, and that it could actually last tens of millions of years. What the creationists want to do is claim that that minor hypothetical is actually correct, and that instead the entirety of nuclear physics, geology, radiochemistry, and modern cosmology is wrong. On the one hand, uncertain details about the decay of one organic molecule; in the other, entire vast fields of science, already verified, and with complex modern technologies built on their operation…and which hand would the creationists reject? The trivial one, of course.
I'm leaning towards "stupid" as the explanation for their bad arguments.
Oh, after I started this dissection, I discovered someone had already beaten me to it: here's another analysis of the creationist misinterpretations.
(Also on FtB)


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To lobby in American politics means to talk to legislators in private to convince them to vote a certain way on specific legislation. "Lobby" is a verb, and the corresponding noun is "lobbyist" that is a person or firm that lobbies legislatures, either for pay from a sponsor or as a public service. A lobbyist works for an interest group. A record nearly $4 billion, not million, was spent in 2021 "to lobby Congress and federal agencies. Some special interests retain lobbying firms, many of them located along Washington's legendary K Street; others have lobbyists working in-house."[1]
In recent decades thousands of lobbyists are at work in Washington D.C. for every possible interest, totaling more than 12,000 as of 2021.[1] Lobbyists are also active in all the state capitols. Many lobbyists are former members of Congress or former staffers.
Since 1900 lobbying has became a legal, regulated institution in America. In 1946 for example, Congress required the registration of lobbyists. Key to the process leading up to lobbying's institutionalization and regulation were the congressional investigations of lobbyists in 1913, 1927–28, 1935–38, and the 1950s, which revealed the methods lobbyists used. This information has helped shape legislation aimed at reducing corruption and lending transparency to the legislative process. Since 1990, American states have adopted a variety of reforms to regulate lobbying in an attempt to address a host of ethical issues.
In the 19th century, the most important lobbies worked on behalf of a wool tariff and railroad subsidies in the 1865-900 era. In the South during Reconstruction lobbyists were very active in state capitols, seeking and getting subsidies for railroads. Many times they had to bribe legislators. In the early 20th century effective lobbyists represented the Anti-Saloon League (to prohibit alcohol, and farm interests.
Lobbying was in bad odor in the Progressive Era early 20th century, with many reformers (like Woodrow Wilson) convinced that it undermined representative government by skewing the thinking of legislators. Thanks to the new field of psychology, lobbyists began to employ propaganda techniques during the early 20th century to assert a more prominent role in the policy making process in the U.S. It is noted that while lobbyists amplified their constituents' power and influence, the methods they employed using false and misleading information cast doubt on the ability of ordinary citizens to participate in democratic politics.[2]
In reality, lobbyists spend most of their efforts providing information on specific legislation, pro or con (such as the conservative NRA's Second Amendment gun rights versus the liberal Mayors Against Illegal Guns's gun control), and letting the "information" sway the legislator. Often they testify before committees in open hearings. On controversial issues there may be two or more) teams of opposing lobbyists.[3]
Famous lobbies
Corporate Lobbies
Many sectors of the United States economy have organized trade associations under Section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code to advocate for their interests before the federal government. Such activities are protected under the First Amendment.
Historically, federal laws limited donations by corporations to the campaigns of candidates running for federal offices. Laws limited these corporate campaign donations to avoid corruption or the appearance of corruption. The United States Supreme Court found that campaign spending was a form of speech and was protected by the First Amendment. The Court suggested that corporate spending to influence federal elections would not "give rise to corruption or the appearance of corruption," the majority wrote in the landmark Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission decision. According to recent analysis by the Sunlight Foundation [4]"Between 2007 and 2012, 200 of America's most politically active corporations spent a combined $5.8 billion (with a B) on federal lobbying and campaign contributions. What they gave pales compared to what those same corporations got: $4.4 trillion (with a T) in federal business and support. Putting that in context, the $4.4 trillion total represents two-thirds of the $6.5 trillion that individual taxpayers paid into the federal treasury. Said otherwise, by spending: a paltry $6 billion to bribe the US government, or just a little more than what GM will spend on stock buybacks alone, US corporations are getting the direct benefit of two-thirds of US taxpayers' labor! And here is the visual representation of this stunning finding: for every dollar spent on influencing politics, the nation's most politically active corporations received $760 from the government. Which translates into an Internal Rate Of Return of, hold on to your hats folks, 75,900%!"[5]
Defense Industries
President Eisenhower warned in his farewell address of the dangers of the "military-industrial complex". The allocation of the defense budget to specific projects and weapon systems can become political. Although the different branches of the military are supposed to have the Secretary of Defense and the Office of Management and Budget decide questions of priority between competing projects, some military branches either lobby for their projects directly with Congress or have retired officers of their branch join the government relations staff of defense contractors who lobby for the projects. In addition, the subcontracts for specific projects are spread to employers located in the Congressional district of Congressmen who are members of the relevant appropriations committees.
Before the Civil War, the Christian lobby called for the abolition of slavery. It was politically weak and the target of ridicule before the Civil War, when it suddenly became powerful and won its case. Many continued to lobby on behalf of the Freedmen during Reconstruction. After 1870 Protestant lobbyists formed working partnerships with Southern Democrats (who had a base of Protestant support), along with many Republicans who represented pietistic[6] Protestant districts in the North. The lobbyists (and the groups they represented), pushed through Congress effective federal policies against polygamy, laws banning obscenity and prizefight films from interstate commerce and the mails, and (especially in the states) laws to restrict prostitution, sex with underage girls, and easy divorce. They tried not only to put God in the Constitution but also, through persuasion and legislation, to control drinking, obesity, divorce, Sabbath observance, gambling, smoking, prize fighting, prostitution, and sex with underage girls. Most significantly, they fought for prohibition—and under professional leadership of the Anti-Saloon League, finally won. Famous leaders included Frances Willard of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Wayne Wheeler of the Anti-Saloon League, and anti-pornography campaigner Anthony Comstock, whose laws against obscenity remain the law of the land. Proposed constitutional amendments regulating divorce and declaring the United States a Christian nation never reached the floor of Congress. Neither did the proposal for federal censorship of movies.[7]
Right to Vote
The woman suffragists tried lobbying as well, but found their best success when they appealed to male voters at election time. Currently, lobbying focuses on redistricting reform and gerrymandering.
The Israel Lobby refers to a coalition of Fundamentalist Protestants and major Jewish organizations. The lobby has strongly promoted American policies in the Middle East that are pro-Israel.[8]
Right to Bear Arms
The National Rifle Association, the Second Amendment Foundation, the Gun Owners of America, and the Brady Campaign lobby on Second Amendment and gun control issues.
Bribery has always been illegal and hints of bribery destroy the effectiveness of a lobbyist—and seriously hurt major politicians such as James G. Blaine.Lobbyist Jack Abramoff in the early 21st century went to prison for his extreme lobbying, especially on behalf of American Indian casinos. He dragged down numerous allies.
Further reading
- Balogh, Brian "'Mirrors of Desires': Interest Groups, Elections, and the Targeted Style in Twentieth century America," in Meg Jacobs, William J. Novak, and Julian Zelizer, eds. The Democratic Experiment: New Directions in American Political Theory, (2003), 222–49
- Baumgartner, Frank R., and Beth L. Leech. Basic Interests: The Importance of Groups in Politics and in Political Science (1998), 64–82, reviews the political science literature
- Browne, William Paul. Groups, Interests, and U.S. Public Policy (1998) online edition
- Clemens, Elisabeth S. The People's Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest-Group Politics in the United States, 1890–1925 (1997)
- Foster, Gaines M. Moral Reconstruction: Christian Lobbyists and the Federal Legislation of Morality, 1865-1920 (2002) online edition
- Hansen, John M. Gaining Access: Congress and the Farm Lobby, 1919–1981 (1991);
- Loomis, Christopher M. "The Politics of Uncertainty: Lobbyists and Propaganda in Early Twentieth-Century America," Journal of Policy History Volume 21, Number 2, 2009 in Project MUSE
- Thompson, Margaret S. The "Spider Web": Congress and Lobbying in the Age of Grant (1985) on 1870s
- Tichenor, Daniel J. and Richard A. Harris, "Organized Interests and American Political Development," Political Science Quarterly 117 (Winter 2002–3): 587–612 online
See also
External links
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying
- ↑ Loomis (2009)
- ↑ Thomas T. Holyoke, "Interest Group Competition and Cooperation at Legislative Hearings," Congress & the Presidency 2008 35(2): 17-38,
- ↑ Allison, Bill and Harkins, Sarah, Fixed Fortunes: Biggest corporate political interests spend billions, get trillions, Published November 17, 2014. Accessed March 20, 2015.
- ↑ Durden, Tyler, "The Best "Democracy" Money Can Buy: For Every Dollar Spent Influencing US Politics, Corporations Get $760 Back", Zero Hedge, (March 16, 2015). Accessed March 20, 2015.
- ↑ "Pietism, German Pietismus, influential religious reform movement that began among German Lutherans in the 17th century. It emphasized personal faith against the main Lutheran church's perceived stress on doctrine and theology over Christian living. Pietism quickly spread and later became concerned with social and educational matters. As a phenomenon of personal religious renewal, its indirect influence has persisted in Germany and other parts of Europe into the 21st century." Fair use Pietism, Encyclopedia Britannica, Chicago, Illinois, https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/459967/Pietism
- ↑ Foster (2002)
- ↑ David Howard Goldberg, Foreign Policy and Ethnic Interest Groups: American and Canadian Jews Lobby for Israel (1990) online edition

subset: commoncrawl


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Swords Heritage Centre
email: email@example.com
Since the year began we have been planning new projects which we hope will be of interest to our many viewers. The current issue of Swords Voices is still selling well with an avid interest in back numbers. Issue 25 in the series will be published later this year.
We have added another video from our archives, so if you wish to see what Swords looked like in 1991 have a look in our Activities page. This was made when Swords twinned with a town in France; Ozoir le Ferriere which is near Disneyland Paris.The research on local history continues as there is always something new to find out about the past.
With all the 'new' people coming to live in the area, we aim to satisfy their curiosity and relate what we know about 'old Swords.' The history of education in the area is quite controversial, to read more about it go to our Shop page where 'Sewn By Candlelight' is available. The story began in 1804 when The Borough School in Swords was opened, and problems there were not solved until 1888.
We continue to bring people on historical walks, they visit our Museum and our Genealogy Department is kept busy with various queries from home and abroad. Our next video will have a genealogical content with two Swords people talking about their backgrounds, and relatives who emigrated to America., England, etc..
In 1986 we made a video of Swords Main Street and North Street which had proved popular at the time but last year we resurrected it, brought it up to date and put it on UTube. We were amazed at the result; within two weeks over 5000 people had looked at it including those who were not even born in 1986. We had many requests to make another this year to leave behind for generations to come. We are still working on this and hope to launch it at Heritage Week later in the year..
FINGAL GENEALOGY keeps us busy with the many queries from those at home and abroad seeking their family history. We also give talks to various local groups, have children from local school doing work experience, and also mature people who have taken a change of career.
Recently we were involved in Cruinniu na Casca Fingal; the launch of it was held at Swords Castle and our group supplied the guide for bus tours of places of interest around Swords. Plans for the future of the heritage of Swords are very positive with the proposed Cultural Quarter and the on-going restoration of Swords Castle going ahead.
We have included photos of the various projects in which we are involved on our Activities page, have a look and you may also view our various videos of Swords.
An interesting tape of interview in Swords Museum taken in 1990s.
Many Swords men and women answered the call on Easter Monday 1916 and turned up at Knocksedan to fight for Ireland's freedom. On Swords Main Street alone several families had more then one son involved. Starting at 'The Star' Pub there were three of the Taylor brothers involved, Thomas, Joseph and Christopher. On Easter Monday Joe Taylor called up the street to Christopher Moran to tell him 'it was on'. Christopher (Kit) Moran, the son of an R.I.C. sergeant joined the rest of the volunteers including Tommy Duff who also lived on the same side of the street. The Duffs were a Fenian family, many meetings were held in their house which was known as 'The War Office'. It was burned by the Black and Tans during the War of Independence. Tommy Duff was a Volunteer while his sister Mary was in Cumann na mBan. On the other side of the street were the Colemans; Richard Coleman was deeply involved in the movement from 1914 and trained all the lads in preparation for 'The Rising'. Most of those mentioned already fought in the well documented 'Battle of Ashbourne' while Dick Coleman was the leader of those who volunteered to go into Dublin City in answer to a call from James Connolly for help. They reached the GPO having walked from Finglas and some were sent to the Mendicity Institute to fight under Sean Heuston. Here Peter Wilson from The Green lost his life. Dick Coleman was arrested again after the Rising and died in December 1918 having caught pneumonia while on hunger strike in Usk Prison in Wales... Also on Main Street lived the Nugents whose son Christopher fought at Ashbourne and the Earlys son Patrick J. also fought there. There are many more from outside the town and we hope to honour them with a further study of those buried in St. Colmcille's Graveyard at a later date. Detailed information on the Colemans of Swords is included in the current edition of 'Swords Voices' which is still available.
So far 2015 has proved to be busy heritage wise!
SWORDS HERITAGE WEEK 2015 was a great success and an excellent celebration of the heritage of our ancient town.
SWORDS VOICES, VOL. 3 Issue 2, (The 22nd in the series) was launched
We had a busy week with Swords Heritage Week,the first week in September.
For National Heritage Week we did a walk around St. Colmcille's
Graveyard in Swords. This graveyard
surrounds the RC Church on
Visitors on the day were from Swords and as far a field as Kildare. Buried there is Andrew Kettle, who was known as 'Parnell's Right-hand Man' also father of Tom Kettle described, among other things, as one of the poets of WW1.
There are the O'Colmains who were deeply involved in the 1916 Rising, the Corballys of Rathbeale Hall, Dr. R.J.May a renowned breeder of Irish Wolfhounds.
There were ordinary people whose lives turned out to be extraordinary, like Patrick Cleary who visited Paris in 1894 when people hardly went into Dublin City. He contracted rabies having been bitten by a mad dog. A far-seeing young doctor at the time was aware of the research done by eminent scientist Louis Pasteur, so Paddy and five others went sent to Paris to be treated by the great man.
Stories for another day arise from the plaques in the Church. They take us to Roark's Drift (Zulu Wars), building of the Pro-Cathedral in Dublin, Suez Canal & Turkish Wars.
The sun shone down while we walked about and it is hoped to do another 'walk' in the future.
Please get in touch if you think your ancestors are buried in the graveyard.
Phone 8400080 email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Swords Historical Society
Since SWORDS HISTORICAL SOCIETY was founded in 1982, dedicated volunteers have worked to record, promote and preserve all aspects of the heritage of the greater Swords area. Swords, in Fingal, Co. Dublin was founded by St. Colmcille is the year 560 A.D., when he blessed the 'well of clear water' thus giving the town its name; 'Sord' meaning 'clear or pure'. The Saint's Well is maintained by the Society who refurbished it in 1993. The Society's Museum and Heritage Centre at the Carnegie Library, North St., Swords is run by volunteers and is open weekdays from 1 p.m. to 4.30p.m. There is a fascinating collection of old photos and artefacts on display and their oral history project has produced the annual 'Swords Voices' publication. Now in its eighteenth year the publications have chronicled the memories of local people, thus creating a unique social history of the area.
Members also are available to give historical walks around Swords, and talks to students, ethnic groups etc. They are always interested in hearing from anyone with a tale to tell or old photos or memorabilia to loan or donate.
Swords Historical Society Ltd, Carnegie Library, North Street, Swords, Co. Dublin
Phone (01) 8400080 email: email@example.com or email@example.com.
The Swords area abounds with many mysterious or romantically sounding names which have probably been corrupted over the generations. But what of the new names, you man ask? The naming and numbering committee within the Planning Department of Fingal Co. Council works with members of local history groups to try to ensure that news developments are given names which have some connection with the area:
HOLY WELL: Named after the nearby St. Werburgh's Well. St Werburg was an ancient Saint, the daughter of the King of Mercia. Mercia was an around Bristol in England.
BUNBURY: Col. Bunbury and Mrs Bunbury are names to be found on ancient leases and deeds for properties around the Swords area. Also found is the name Lord Rathdonnell of the Bunbury family.
WATERSIDE: The Civil Survey for Swords of 1654 mentions 'ye waterside' between the land of Russell of Drynam and Russell of Seatown Castle; this is exactly where the present estate is.
JUGBACK: This is an example of an old name which has been currupted over the years. The Civil Survey describes it as 'jugebage' giving credence to the old Swords way of called the area 'Jugbag'.
COOLDRIONA: A corruption of the name 'Coldrimhna in Connaught' were a battle ensued when St Colmcille refused to return a Gospel he had borrowed from St Finian of Moville. The story is well documented. The Cooldriona Apartments are beside St Colmcille's Well in Swords.
Since our Oral History Project began in 1992 we have interviewed numerous local people, recording their memories of the greater Swords area. This resulted in a collection of tapes which we have recently been working towards transferring to CDRom for protection. The tapes were recorded solely for their historical content with a view to publishing them in our 'Swords Voices' series, the quality of some is not so good. However, family and friends of those involved who would like a copy may get in touch: Those included are:
Mr. George Pyper; Mr Sean Rock; Mrs Anastatia Heron; Mr Paddy Tyrrell; Mr Paddy Weston; Mr Frankie Monaghan; Jane & Paddy McCabe; Fr. Frank Cavanagh; Mrs Mary Graham; Mrs Ella McLoughlin; Mrs Kathleen Harford; Mr Paddy McKittrick; Eddie & Maureen Hughes; Mr John Joyce; Mrs Anne Flynn; Mr Gerard O'Brien; Mr Larry Geraghty; Mrs Catherine (Cosy) O'Reilly; Mrs Frances Donnelly; Mr Joe Savage; Mrs Eithne Geary; Mrs Edith Barrett; Miss Ruby Dow; Mrs Alice Dow; Mr Dan Golden; Mrs Elsie Cullen; Mr Tommy Reid; Mr Tom Moore; Mr James Garrigan; Mrs Margaet Thorpe; Mr Desmond Keane, Liam Heron; Frank Daly..
Many topics are included and those interviewed in the earlier editions had memories of early 20th century events in the greater Swords area, like Shop-keeping, Inn Keeping, Undertaking; Farming; Life in Great Houses; Building; Thatched Houses, Black & Tans; Early Transport, Priesthood..
There will be many events taking place next year to commemorate the 1000th anniversary of the Battle of Clontarf one of the most famous events in the history of Ireland. Places with connections with Brian Boru will come to the fore. For generations school children in Swords, Co. Dublin learned about the famous battle and how the body of Brian Boru was waked overnight at the monastic settlement of St. Colmcille there, on route to Armagh for burial. An account of the Battle translated from an ancient Irish manuscript (Cath Chluana Tarbh) by Irish antiquarian John O'Donovan gives an interesting insight into the connection with Swords. Accounts of the deaths of Brian and his son Morogh are also given in translations from 'Annuals of Innisfallen and Ulster' by Mr. Hardiman in his 'Irish Ministrelsy'.
Towards the end of the battle confusion became general through the Danish army and they fled on every side. Brian's servant Laidin sensed the confusion and he quickly entered the tent of Brian who was praying before a crucifix. Laiden suggested that he take a horse and get away. Brian refused saying 'it was to conquer or die I came here but you and my other attendants should take my horse to Armagh and communicate with the successor of St. Patrick – that I bequeath my soul to God, my body to Armagh and my blessing to my son Donogh.; give 200 cows to Armagh with my body, and go directly to Swords of Colmcille and order them to come for my body tomorrow and conduct it to Duleek of St. Kianan, and let them convey it to Louth, whither let Maelmurrrated Journal, 4/1/1862.
(C) Bernadette Marks December 2013. ay the son of Eochy come with the family to Armagh and convey it to the Cathedral.'
According to his will, the body of Brian was conveyed to Armagh. First the monks of Swords in solemn procession brought it to their Abbey and from there the next morning, the clergy of Duleek brought it to the church of St. Kianan... Here the clergy of Louth brought the corpse to their own monastery. The Archbishop of Armagh received the body at Louth and then it was conveyed to the cathedral. For twelve days and nights it was watched by the clergy and there was a continued scene of prayers and devotions. It was interred with much funeral pomp at the north side of the altar of the great church. The body or Morogh with the heads of Conang and Aeolian prince of Decies were deposited in the south aisle of the church. Brian's grandson Turlough and most of their chiefs were interred at the monastery of Kilmainham.
Compiled from 'The Battle of Clontarf' in Dublin Illust
Creating Employment
Bernadette Marks
With 'creating employment' or 'getting people back to work' foremost in the minds of the new Government, it might be interesting to look at the employment that was available in the Swords of the early 19th century. The history of the Old Borough School, built in 1809, has been well documented but it might not be known that one of the perks of being a pupil at the school was to be apprenticed to a trade. This would have been a valuable asset to the smart young pupil when records show that employment in the area was mainly for farm labourers or domestic servants. In 1835 Robert Savage, Michael Kennedy, William Sandford, Michael Keegan, Samuel Wilson and Michael Donohoe were apprenticed to the trade of shoemaker. William Fellows was to be a jaunting car maker, John Knowd a millwright, and William Leggett a harness maker. These trades illustrate the dependence on horse-drawn transport at the time and also the need for good boots for walking. Elizabeth Green, Mary Coleman, Sarah Green, Anne Tierney, Richard Dowling, Mark Dowling and William Blood where to be mantua makers. What is a mantua you may ask? It ties in with the fact that sewing was high on the curriculum of the school; a mantua being a loose fitting dress worn by women.
Although the town of Swords has expanded over the years, many of these surnames are still to be found, so if you think your ancestor learned a trade in Swords, further research may be done at the local Heritage Centre.
Copyright (C) Bernadette Marks 2013
By Geraldine McGovern
Geraldine grew up in the Swords of the 1960s, a time when many changes where happening in the town. Her stories of earlier times come from listening to her late father.
GERALDINE: My father was born in 1914 when the family lived on Main Street. Swords. His name was Mattie Smyth. He was the eldest of seven, four brothers and two sisters: Paddy, Mick, Matthew, Jim, May, Tom and Bridget.The Family lived at the old Dispensary on Main Street and then down the Hollow. In 1934 they moved to a little cottage on Commons East on the Drinam Road. Mattie was 20 years old at that stage.
They were reared by their parents John Smyth and Mary Jane McEvoy; my grandparents. Mary Jane was a little small woman who worked hard at rearing her family, especially during the war years, when life would have been very tough, with three young boys at that stage. Mattie (my father) told us how he used to cross the fields to school in his bare feet with his brother Paddy. School in those days was New Boro School on Seatown Lane. He grew up fast, he would tell us, and money was tight. As soon as you reached eleven or twelve, you were off to work the farms around Kinsealy, or Kinsaley as he called it. May and Bridget helped granny at home and left school early too.
As they got older, Mattie went to work as a groomsman up in Cloghran Stud. There he met my mother Katie; she worked in the kitchen... She was a 'live in' as she came from Longford. They married in the late fifties and lived for some time up at Greenhills, Cloghran, until 1964 when my mother tragically died. My father had to move in to his sister May and her husband Oliver's house in Newtown where she took over the rearing of my sister Mary and I. Mary was seven and I was five. Mattie continued to work up in the stud farm for all of fifty years.
His brothers Jim and Tom worked in the Airport and Mick worked in Squibbs on the Watery Lane. Jim and Mick married and settled in Swords and lived all their married lives in Seatowh Villas. Tom never married and continued working in the Airport till he retired in 1986. He also did 50 years service. He continued living at the family home at Commons East and died aged 71 in 1996.
While looking through some old postcards my father kept, we were amazed to see how they kept in contact with each other by way of postcards, especially during both World Wars. Most of them were to my granny Mary Jane, from her sisters Lily and Cissie who were working in large houses over in Glasgow. Lily also wrote from Linden Convalescent Home in Blackrock, Co. Dublin which she described as 'a lovely place'. There was also a postcard from Donabate to Swords; it would probably have seemed like miles away back then! In one of the postcards Lily mentioned that she would love to hear from M. Cleary and I have since found out that the person was a relative of my good friend Bernadette Marks. What a small world it is, as I have been helping her in voluntary work for local heritage at the Carnegie Library for the past year and we never knew there was a connection between our families.
At the family home were a set of War Medals from the Great War 1914-18. Being young and naïve and never wanting to ask any questions about where they came from, we never knew who in the family served in the war. Obviously it had to be someone close to the Smyths for them to have what was called the 'Death Plaque' or 'Dead Man's Penny'. The name inscribed is 'Michael Salmon Pte'
Regiment: 5th Lancers (Royal Irish) Born: Dublin. : Rank: Private.
My Granny's brother. Matthew McEvoy also fought in the 2nd world war, but he survived. Since tracing my family on both sides to see if the name Salmon pops up, I have still drawn a blank; Michael Salmon still remains a mystery Why were these medal kept in the Smyth home on the Commons? Do they belong to someone else? Who Knows? If any reader can give a clue, please get in touch.
My father Mattie lived to be a ripe old age. He died aged 81 years in May 1995...
Copyright Gearldine McGovern (C) 2013
In a place called Swords on the Irish road
It is told for a new renown
How we held the horns of the cattle, and how
We will hold the horns of the devil now
Ere the lord of hell, with the horn on his brow
Is crowned in Dublin town. *
Much has been written this year about the 1913 Lockout in Dublin but few people are aware of the incidents that happened in Swords. Swords at that time was mostly an agricultural area with many people employed as 'farm laborers', so anything that disrupted this way of life was serious. The 'Drogheda Independent' of September and October 1913 is full of reports of happenings in the Swords area. They are too numerous to mention them all, but we will try to give an idea of what when on and the location of some of the places mentioned.
From about 1908 onwards, city based union organizers caused discontent in rural areas. James Larkin himself traveled about Swords, Balbriggan and Howth areas where he had some success in organizing farm workers and laborers into a unionized group; the idea being to seek recognition of the ITGWU from large estate holders and independent farmers. The ITGWU was based chiefly in Swords, the organizer being Frank Moss.
Report includes one by John Lawless who said he was a member of the Transport Workers' Union and when in employment he followed threshing machines. He was out of work now and on Oct. 4th he was in Daly's Hotel (now Slaughtered Lamb) drinking a pint when Moss the union delegate in Swords came in and asked him if he were a union man. He replied that he was. Moss ordered all union men to leave the premises but Lawless said he would not go until he had finished his drink. Moss grabbed his drink from him and spilled it. Another witness, Andrew Rochford, an engine driver out of employment,, stated that he was also in Daly's when Moss came in and he (Rochford) was caught by the shoulders and called a 'scab'. A crowd then rushed to the hotel shouting 'all union men leave, scabs remain behind', Sergeant Moran stated that the same evening a crowd rushed to |O'Connor's pub the other side of the street, shouting in a similar manner. A serious riot occurred on the Wednesday night when strikers tried to stop cattle and sheep belonging to local farmers. The police arrived and stone and bottles were thrown at them. There was a baton charge and a number of strikers were wounded in the melee, two policemen were injured and the barrack windows broken. Christopher McKittrick and Patrick Rourke were arrested. Incidents also occurred on the farms of Mr Long of Castlefarm, and Mr Brangan of Skidoo. A Mr. O'Malley of Santry had five horses injured when the hair was cut from their tales.
This is just an idea of what went on and it is interesting to note that many of the surnames mentioned are still to be found around the area. If you think any of them may be your ancestors, please get in touch for further research.
*Part of a ballad by G.K. Chesterton (1874-1936) about an incident during the strike of farm workers in North County Dublin 1913. (There are several verses).
© Bernadette Marks 2013.
In the early part of the 20th century, like the village forge, the village pump was where the latest news was passed around, giving rise to the expression 'Parish Pump Politics'. About fifty or sixty years ago, particularly in rural areas it was common to see children and mostly women making their way to 'The Pump' in the morning so as to have a supply of drinking water available for the day. Washing of clothes could be done with rain-water collected in the barrels which stood outside most houses. The trip to the pump was a bit of an outing, as people met their neighbours and heard all the local gossip.
In this area The Balrothery Board of Guardians had, in the 19th century, the responsibility of erecting pumps throughout North County Dublin This they did on the recommendation of the committees of local dispensaries. The minutes of these bodies make interesting reading. Important items on their agendas might include the erection of a new pump in a certain area; it was discussed at length and voted upon.
Next door to the Old Borough School in Swords were Walshs The Pump Makers. They were also well sinkers and plumbers. Their workshop was a hive of industry with lathes for turning wood and metal, giving out plenty of noise and activity. The three Walsh brothers inherited the business from their father and they had the contract of sinking wells and erecting pumps all over Fingal. They were also responsible for installing an early form of central heating in many of the great houses in the area.
The first water pumps were carved out of wooden logs but in time cast iron pumps were introduced. The older type of pumps were square, while the more recent were round. One of the Walsh brothers had a chance to put his engineering skills to another use in 1904 when the famous Gordon Bennett Motor Race passed through Swords. They story goes that one of the French drivers had repairs done by Mr. Walsh, which were successful enough to enable him to continue the race. As motor cars were fairly rare then, Mr Walsh was the talk of the town for some time.
Nowadays the Village Pump is just a curiosity; a nice ornament for garden or roadside. But we might soon resort to the old rain-water barrel again to save water!
Copyright Bernadette Marks (C) 2013
It is well known that Wells are associated with olden times when the comfort of modern plumbing was unknown. They are known today as Holy Wells, but these wells were venerated long before Christianity. Many contain curative properties and are dedicated to various Saints and in some villages were the scene of an annual festival or pattern. The fact that some wells are said to remain cold in hot weather or hot in cold weather, is explained by their situation regarding sunlight.
The earliest form of improving the means of collecting drinking water for households was the pump. Many of these replaced wells and made access to the water easier. The earliest pumps were square and made of wood while later pumps were made of iron and in time were round like those seen today as ornaments. Up to the middle of the 20th century rainwater was collected in barrels which stood outside houses; only those in 'great houses' had pumps inside. In bigger cities there were ornamental fountains, and smaller ones for drinking and even pumps with horse troughs nearby to water the horses. There is no doubt that no matter now it is provided, people will always need water, either from the earth or sky.
1. ST. COLMCILLE'S WELL< Well Road, Swords. Reputed to be where Swords got its name when St. Colmcille blessed the well of
. clear water; 'Sord' being the Gaelic for 'clear or pure'.
2. ST COLUMBA'S CHURCH, BELFRY & ROUND TOWER; Round Tower surviving remainder of St Colmcille's Monastic
Settlement. Mediaeval Tower c1300 AD – Sexton's Lodge of Architectural interest. Built 1870. .
3 Old Vicarage c1730 – now apartments with part of original building retained.
4 SWORDS CASTLE c 1200AD - Built as a Summer Palace for lst Norman Archbishop of Dublin, John Comyn. At present being restored by Fingal County Council.
5 FINGAL COUNTY HALL – once the site of Swords House, the home of the Norman family of Taylors of Swords. Records show the family came there in the 13th century and built a 'Mansion House' in 1403.
6 ST.COLMCILLE'S RC CHURCH, Chapel Lane. Pre Catholic Emancipation church – built in 1827 on site donated by James Taylor of Swords House. Graveyard contained many interesting headstones including stone to Andrew Kettle who has know as 'Parnell's Righthand Man'.
7 THE COURTHOUSE, North Street built 1845.- Classical style designed by Alexander Tate.
8 TEACHERS' RESIDENCES, North Street - BUILT IN 1890 -
9 CARNEGIE LIBRARY, North Street, built in 1909. Redbrick building typical early 20th century. Now houses Swords Museum/Fingal Genealogy Centre.
10 OLD BOROUGH SCHOOL, Main Street. (Now Public House) Built in 1809 with fund awarded after the Act of Union from the Borough of Swords was disenfranchised. Designed by noted architect of the time, Francis Johnston. The story of the school is well documented; a controversial story of education in Swords..
Bernadette Marks
If we were to go back a bit in time to when I was growing up in the Swords of the 40s and 50s , we might not understand some of the local dialect, Many unfamiliar words, which I like to call 'Fingal Speak' were used in everyday conversation. One sometimes hears the odd one still, but by and large they have died out; perhaps taken over by the 'Dublin 4' or ' Dort' accents.
My childhood memories go something like this; Mammy would be up early in the morning to get the range lighting to boil the kettle for breakfast. Sometimes it was easily started because there might have been a bit of greisha from the night before. I got ready for school and if the weather was mild I could not be cloustered up too much. Off we went down the Chapel Lane where there were many examples of flora and fauna to be investigated, including the bulkeshans growing along the ditches. We sometimes picked primroses and cowslips taking care not to get prodded by a dalk Some elderly people passing by would greet us with 'Hello Girsha while we hurried along in case we'd be late for school.
In school we were treated to other dialects as most of the teachers came from other parts of the country. Back home from school I would find my mother busy with various chores like looking after the hens and chickens. A little chicken was described as dawney and usually did not survive. If I were late getting home from school and tried to make an excuse I would be called an impudent rossie. If mother felt she was overworked looking after everything and everyone, especially when her sisters came to stay, she would say she was a 'right old pilgaldry'. She made lovely cakes but if I tried to pick at them before tea, I was accused of glauming them. If I tried to deny this, I was a 'little cinnatt'.
Summers were idyllic with plenty of outdoor activities to amuse us, and often there were summer jobs to had on local farms. If the work was hard we were mullackin and when it rained we got 'possin wet. As the days came to an end it was off to bed early and to try begging to stay up a bit later, was 'sloothering' and it didn't work.!
LAWNEYDAY An exclamation of surprise or regret. Laine De – fullness or perfection of God.
GREISHA Griosach – fire. Burning ashes.
CLOUSTERED Probably a corruption of cludha – covered, hidden or protected.
BULKESHANS Ragworth – Gaelic – Balcaisean.
DALK Dealg – thorn or pin. The word may be Danish. 'Dalkey' is accepted as a Danish word–thorn island.
GIRSHA A young girl – Girrseach.
DAWNEY Delicate, weak – Donaidhe – miserable.
ROSSIE Rude, Robust, Blustering female.
PILGALDRY A rambling woman. An irresponsible rambling woman.
GLAUMING To grope – to unsuccessfully attempt to grasp something.
CINNATT A dodger – Bargainer who through trickery gets an unfair advantage.
MULLAKIN Working or walking in mud. Mulchan – a slough or bog.
POSSIN WET Saturated with rain.
SLOOTHERER A person who persuades with flattery in his own interest. Slusaire – a wheedler.
Copyright Bernadette Marks (C) 2013
The following are some excerpts from the diary of Mrs Howard wife of the Rev Francis Howard who was Vicar of Swords from about 1838 to 1850:
Swords June 21st 1838
I am often to be found in my garden when I ought to be in the village, but I hope to be more active in future. I am weary of making resolutions and breaking them.
June 22nd:
Up late, no reading breakfast, so much for resolutions of industry. Mrs Bannister seems near her end. Walked round by the Chapel – home by five – played with baby – gardened.
Saturday: Up late. Got ready to go out. Then to the school to give out the books; had hardly time – must be earlier in future.
Sunday: I new Clergyman breakfasted with us, sat after breakfast – he preached very well. All that he said was right as far as I could judge, but it was uninteresting – no point – nothing to remember. He did all the evening service. Francis and I stayed home.
Monday: Wet day – great flood in the river. Mr Davis left us after breakfast – on the whole we like him – after he was gone. Visiting Lady Domville, Santry, and home five.
Wednesday: The new housemaid came; a nice gentle looking person. I spent tye morning making various regulations. Then a visit to Mrs Coghlan who had lost her little boy and whose little girl is dying. Gardened a little; planted the roses at the end of the garden near the buddleia. Then had a visit from Lady Talbot. Wrote to Casey and to Mrs Trench congratulating upon the birth of her grandchildren. In the evening Francis read 'Oliver Twist'.
Thursday: Dreary morning. Francis drove to town to vote at Kildare Street; brought me the account of the death my dear Bessie Wingfield's little boy. My heart does indeed ache for her. Oh, how grateful I ought to be that my treasure is spared to me. Bessie loved her darling so much.
Sunday February 24th:
Francis had a sever attack of gout; he has now been a fortnight in his room, during which time I have seldom left him, unless when unavoidably called away by household causes and of them I have had several. I have found Catherine to be drunken and have parted with her at a few hours notice…
Monday: Francis came down to the drawing room.
Tuesday: Francis and I drove to enquire for Mr Corbally; home by the green.
Mss: 3577-3578, Wicklow Papers, Diary of Mrs Anne Howard wife of Rev Francis Howard of Swords. Manuscripts Dept, National Library.
The Rev Francis Howard, second son of William second Earl of Wicklow, preached his last sermon at St. Columba's on Sunday 15 September 1857. He was aged 57 years. He is buried at St Columb'as as are his youngest daughter Sarah and eldest daughter Kathleen Charlotte.
Sean Brett
Sean Brett was born and reared at Ballamadrough between Swords and Donabate. His memories of school days remind us of the many changes in the area.
SEAN: My name is Sean Brett. I'm from Ballamadrough which is a townsland between the Hearse Road and The Estuary. We as young fellows used to walk from there to the National School in Swords; the old School on the Seatown Road and occasionally we would get a lift with P.J. Burke, Rafael's father, who was a male nurse in Portrane Hospital. He used to be coming through Swords to the Dail as he was a T.D. at the time. Even though he didn't know us, he'd always put three or four of us in the back seat. In Swords we were taught by Miss Curtis, Mrs Keane (formerly Tighe) and downstairs we had Mrs Hamill in early years, Mr Kavanagh and Mr Keane.
Mr Keane had a Rover car; a lovely black car and at that time it would be rated as quite an expensive car. He used to park it beside the school yard where the old stone house is. I think it is used by the marriage counseling people now. He used to park it in the garage at the back of that. Occasionally at lunch hour he would take it out, take the rug off and give it a good shine up. Sometimes we used to get the Portrane Bus home . It used to come from Portrane and park outside Savages on the Main Street. In those years the street was very quiet and the bus used to be able to turn between the Chapel Lane and Savages as there was plenty of space. We'd be going home about 3.30pm. I forgot to mention Feenans who lived in Swords House, opposite Savages on the Main Street; one of the Feenan women used to pick apples from a orchard they had there; a fine big orchard at the back of the house. She used to pick the windfalls and bring them down in a white bucket along her own property... She'd walk down along opposite the schoolyard and we young fellows used to be jumping to get the apples to see who'd get the best ones. The teacher had to get on to her as he was afraid that the bigger fellows jumping for the apples would hurt the younger lads. Then she'd disappear for a while and then she'd come back and we used to be delighted when we'd see her coming.
Another thing I remember was when we'd be sitting in the Portrane Bus waiting to go home, you'd see Barney Lawless heard of cows; he'd be bringing them home to milk. They'd be coming from where they'd be grazing in the Chapel Lane. A field off the Chapel Lane. They'd walk down the Main Street. He also had a big whitehead bull with them and we used to be afraid in case he'd turn on us. But he (the bull) didn't appear to have any interest in looking at us anyway. They used to walk down the Main Street and into Barney's yard. I remember that quite well. It was the same in the morning when we'd be going to school; they'd be walking out of the yard, up the Street or sometimes down where he had some more land.
Copyright (C) Sean Brett 2012
The Victorian Dispensary on Main Street, Swords was once the pride and joy of the Balrothery Board of Guardians. The Dispensary was administered by a committee who, in turn were answerable to 'The Guardians'. This committee met on the last Saturday of every month with members bearing local names like Long, Lowndes, Early, Corbally, Russell-Cruise, Forster, McCourt and Norton. Their records give interesting insight into the social history of the town. The original Dispensary, on the same site was described as 'falling down' and in 1894 they decided to buy an extra ton of coal to combat the dampness by lighting extra fires. In 1896 'The Guardians' bought the site from Lord Rathdonnell but plans for the new building had many set-backs and it was not until 1898 that the present building was constructed.
The committee meetings in the old building were long and some serious decisions had to be made. Dr. Davys who had served the area as Medical Officer of Health for over 30 years died on March 11th 1894. One Dr. O'Donnell was appointed Locum until a permanent person could be found. This Dr. O'Donnell was the bright young man who recommended that the patients who had been bitten by a rabid dog be sent to the Pasteur Institute in Paris. His action saved the lives of five patients but the 'new man' with modern ideas did not please all the committee members. Many candidates applied for the permanent post including Dr. O'Donnell who was not appointed. Between their mundane duties of inspecting and erecting new water pumps, buying lime for the 'privies' (toilets), the committee managed to have their new Dispensary open by 1898.
What was once a modern dispensary and a fine example of Victorian architecture soon became inadequate to fill the needs of the ever growing town of Swords. With the erection of a new health centre on Bridge Street, the building soon turned to commercial use, and today serves as a betting shop.
Copyright (C) Bernadette Marks 2016


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Date Published: 11/17/2020
Sharon Koifman is a survivor. He survived the dot com crash. He survived working with outsourcers that mastered English like fish mastered riding bicycles. And he survived building and leading a completely remote business spanning four continents... With two toddlers in the room. The title of this book is a lie. Sharon Koifman didn't survive remote work. He thrived with remote work. This is a book by someone who experienced everything described within firsthand. Sharon made all the possible mistakes (plus a couple of impossible ones) in remote work. All so you don't have to.
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Cyber criminals are becoming more and more sophisticated every day. With that comes the need for businesses to keep up with their security measures. Cyber criminals are targeting companies that don't take the necessary steps to protect themselves from cyber intrusions, because those businesses are easy targets. So, what can you do to protect your business? In this article we will discuss some ways you can keep your data safe from hackers and cyber criminals:
Data Protection
Data protection is the process of preventing unauthorized access to data. It can be achieved by encryption, authentication, authorization and access control. Data protection can also be achieved by limiting access to data (for example, through policies).
Data Encryption
Data encryption is the process of encoding data in a form that makes it unreadable to anyone who doesn't have access to a decryption key. Encryption prevents unauthorized access to data in transit and at rest, making it one of the foundational security controls. It's also important because many companies still don't encrypt their sensitive information–and those that do often don't use strong enough encryption algorithms or apply them correctly.
Encryption can be applied at various points in your organization's IT infrastructure:
- On-disk: Data stored on disk drives can be encrypted before being written into files (on-disk) or after being read from files (at rest). When used properly, this method helps protect against unauthorized physical access by someone who may gain access through theft or hacking attacks like ransomware infections on company networks
Data Backup & Recovery
Data backup and recovery are two sides of the same coin. In fact, they're so closely related that it's easy to think of them as one big process.
Data backups are copies of your data that you create on a regular basis in order to protect yourself against data loss. Data recovery is the process by which you restore lost or damaged files from these backups when needed. Backups can take many forms: copies stored on an external hard drive; versions saved in cloud storage services like Dropbox or Google Drive; or even archives created by specific applications like Outlook email software (which automatically generates emails containing attachments).
Backups don't have to be complex–in fact, there are many simple ways for people without technical expertise to protect themselves against losing important files forever!
Training for Employees
The most important thing you can do to protect your company's data is to train your employees. It's true that there are many ways to secure your information, but if someone on the inside is careless with their password or leaves a USB drive lying around, it doesn't matter how well-protected your systems may be.
You should make sure that all of your employees receive training on best practices for keeping data safe–and not just once! If there are new threats or changes in technology that could impact security, make sure they're updated accordingly. You'll also want to test them periodically so as not only ensure they're learning what they need but also identify any gaps in knowledge that need addressing before they become problems down the road (e.g., "I didn't know this was an issue until my boss told me").
These are some of the ways you can protect your data from cyber criminals.
- Data protection is not the only thing you need to do to keep your data safe. You also need to encrypt and backup your data, as well as train employees on how they can protect themselves from cyber criminals.
- Data encryption involves scrambling the information so that it cannot be read by anyone without the right key or password. It's like putting an envelope with sensitive documents in a locked box before giving it to someone else; only those who have access will be able to see inside your envelope and read what's inside–and even then, only if they have permission!
- Backing up means saving copies of all your important files somewhere else (e.g., another hard drive). This way if something happens to one copy of an important file, there will still be other copies around so nothing gets lost forever!
- Training helps people learn how best practices work so they know what steps are necessary when dealing with sensitive information such as social security numbers or credit cards numbers etcetera so there won't be any accidents happening due
In conclusion, we can say that there are many ways to protect your data from cyber criminals. You just need to be aware of what is happening in the cyber world and take necessary precautions before it's too late.


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Ultra Music Festival 2013, taking place March 15-17, 2013 and March 22-24, 2013 at Bayfront Amphitheater in Downtown Miami, is celebrating its 15th anniversary the only way it knows how — by once again booking some of the world's best DJ and electronic talent to perform at its world-famous event.
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Congratulations to @AliDegan! Big thanks to everyone who entered.


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Sir Bobby launched his Foundation in 2008 after a request for help from his oncologist Professor Ruth Plummer.
Professor Plummer was treating Sir Bobby as he faced cancer for the fifth – and what he knew would be the final time. She needed to raise £500,000 to equip a new cancer drug trials centre at the Northern Centre for Cancer Care in Newcastle upon Tyne and asked him if he knew anyone who might like to donate.
Sir Bobby responded by launching a charity to get the money she needed. He described it as "like being at the helm of a team again." What he called his last and greatest team.
The reaction to his appeal for help was incredible and just seven weeks after the Foundation launched Professor Plummer had the £500,000 she needed.
In February 2009, Sir Bobby officially opened the Sir Bobby Robson Cancer Trials Research Centre. He was very proud that the centre carried his name.
Sir Bobby said he would give up a year of his life to the charity. In fact he became so passionate about it that, despite being very ill, he spent his last 18 months doing all he could to raise funds to help others facing cancer. He said he hoped it would become his legacy.
Lady Elsie, his three sons Paul, Andrew and Mark, trustees, the football community and committed Patrons including Alan Shearer, Niall Quinn, Steve Gibson, Delia Smith and Mick Mills are continuing his wishes today.
The charity is intrinsically linked, and is a fund within, the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Charity. The substantial support it receives from this local NHS charity means it can significantly limit administrative costs.
It does not employ professional fund-raisers to pro-actively raise money and co-ordinate volunteers, has no fund-raising targets and relies completely on third party, volunteer fund-raisers and the incredible generosity of the general public.
The Foundation funds projects within the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust that directly benefit cancer patients from across north east England and Cumbria – and which also contribute significantly to international research into the disease.


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The HTC ONE® GETS SUPERSIZED with THE HTC one
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London, October 14, 2013 — HTC,
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innovations and the HTC One max is certainly no exception," said Peter
Chou, CEO of HTC Corporation. "The upgrade to HTC Sense 5.5 will provide
our most amazing
mobile experience yet, with the
HTC One max
delivering the size and power required to do everything you want, and more, without compromise."
Big and powerful
The HTC One max's 5.9" full HD1080p display is perfect for enjoying photos, videos
and movies on the go. Smooth and efficient performance comes courtesy of a quad-core
Snapdragon™ 600 processor featuring a quad-core 1.7 GHz CPU enabling
jaw-dropping performance, ultra vivid videos and booming sound.
you're watching videos in stunning HD, playing games or checking out
what's hot online, the HTC One max sounds amazing, looks sharp and keeps
when you need it.
The 16GB or 32GB onboard memory can be expanded thanks to a microSD™ card slot, with a massive
50GB of additional free Google Drive online storage being offered exclusively to HTC One max owners.
The large 3300mAh embedded battery means that this level of performance will last and last. Even
the most intensive users will find the HTC One max is up to the challenge thanks to the optional HTC Power Flip Case, a stylish 1150mAh battery expansion for your HTC One
max which offers both protection and extra juice when you need it most.
Maximum convenience
at your fingertips
The average person checks
their phone multiple times a day, so the
HTC One max welcomes a new era of convenience and advanced
functionality thanks to a built-in
Fingerprint Scan feature. Located on the back of the device, the
fingerprint scanner allows users to lock or unlock the screen and
quickly launch up to three favourite applications by assigning an
individual finger to each.
More content than ever before
HTC One max's Sense 5.5 upgrade comes with a more social, personalised
HTC BlinkFeed that can be further refined by customisable topic
categories and new integration with premium content providers including
Instagram and Google+. Up to 120 articles can also be downloaded for
offline viewing, making BlinkFeed even better for snacking
on information wherever and whenever you are.
Ultimate imaging
HTC's UltraPixel camera technology, HTC Zoe mode, that
brings your photos to life, and a 2.1MP front-facing camera, the HTC One
max will capture stunning photos and full HD 1080p videos whether
you're the photographer, the subject or both.
Dual Capture means you can now snap memorable moments and your
reaction to them in one extraordinary photo or video by simultaneously
shooting with the front and rear cameras.
Improved imaging is also introduced through
Video Highlights, which combines your photos and videos to create
a mini movie complete with the soundtrack and visual theme of your
choice. And with the HTC One max, your Video Highlights can now be any
length you want.
Design at its Best
Available in Glacial Silver,
the HTC One max shares the same premium design credentials as the rest of the HTC One family,
providing an all round exceptional experience.
The HTC One max will begin rolling out across the globe from mid - end October.


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Gambling, "Yes" or "No." As far as the state of Texas was concerned, lottery gambling was considered braking the law up until the mid 1980s when the lottery was recommended. I had always thought that it was ironic that texas decided that gambling was OK lengthy as you gambled in regards to the state controlled sweepstakes. My question has always been "Why was lottery gambling illegal in the to begin with?" What was the point of making gambling against legislation? Were you protecting us from losing, or being scammed out of our hard-earned money? Do not think have the answer for this question, and I think no one else an answer that makes sense.
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Today I wrote this email to all HITSP members thanking them for all their service from October 2005 to the present.
Today is a milestone day. The HITSP Contract extension expires but our work will live on as a foundation to meaningful use, standards and certification.
It is my hope that all of us will continue to be part of the ONC processes, providing input to the Federal Advisory Committees, staffing workgroups, and implementing interoperability solutions in our communities.
The HITSP website, containing all the HITSP documents, will continue to be available. ANSI has graciously offered to maintain the website for the next few months until contracts are awarded and other arrangements are made.
The new RFPs have not yet been awarded and we'll continue to watch for those announcements.
What's new in the heatlhcare standards world this month?
The April HIT Standards Committee focused on vocabulary standards, consumer engagement and healthcare reform transactions.
NHIN Direct continued its work to define simple transport implementation guides and addressing specifications.
We'll see the revised Interim Final Rule on Standards and the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Meaningful Use before Summer.
A busy time for all as we implement all the standards and interoperability we've all worked so hard to define.
Thank you for all you do and I look forward to seeing you in Washington as we continue our work in a new ONC framework that leverages everything HITSP has accomplished.


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Here's the full list of 74th Primetime Emmy Award nominees. This list will be updated with the winners throughout the ceremony.
Best Drama
WINNER: Succession (HBO/HBO Max)
Best Comedy
WINNER: Ted Lasso (Apple TV+)
Best Limited Series
WINNER: The White Lotus (HBO/HBO Max)
Best Variety Talk Series
WINNER: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO/HBO Max)
Best Variety Sketch Series
WINNER: Saturday Night Live (NBC)
Best Competition Program
WINNER: Lizzo's Watch Out for the Big Grrrls (Prime Video)
Lead Actor, Drama
WINNER: Lee Jung-Jae, Squid Game
Lead Actor, Comedy
WINNER: Jason Sudeikis, Ted Lasso
Lead Actor, Limited Series or Movie
WINNER: Michael Keaton, Dopesick
Lead Actress, Drama
WINNER: Zendaya, Euphoria
Lead Actress, Comedy
WINNER: Jean Smart, Hacks
Lead Actress, Limited Series or Movie
WINNER: Amanda Seyfried, The Dropout
Supporting Actor, Drama
WINNER: Matthew Macfadyen, Succession
Supporting Actor, Comedy
WINNER: Brett Goldstein, Ted Lasso
Supporting Actor, Limited Series or Movie
WINNER: Murray Bartlett, The White Lotus
Supporting Actress, Drama
WINNER: Julia Garner, Ozark
Supporting Actress, Comedy
WINNER: Sheryl Lee Ralph, Abbott Elementary
Supporting Actress, Limited Series or Movie
WINNER: Jennifer Coolidge, The White Lotus
Directing, Drama
WINNER: Squid Game, "Red Light, Green Light" (directed by Hwang Dong-hyuk)
Directing, Comedy
WINNER: Ted Lasso, "No Weddings and a Funeral" (directed by MJ Delaney)
Directing, Limited Series or Movie
WINNER: The White Lotus (directed by Mike White)
Writing, Drama
WINNER: Succession, "All The Bells Say" (written by Jesse Armstrong)
Writing, Comedy
WINNER: Abbott Elementary, "Pilot" (written by Quinta Brunson)
Writing, Limited Series or Movie
WINNER: The White Lotus (written by Mike White)
Writing, Variety Special
WINNER: Jerrod Carmichael: Rothaniel (written by Jerrod Carmichael)
Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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About Charity Preston
A teacher, mom, wife. Featured in Scholastic Instructor Magazine, NEA, TeachHub, and Edutopia, Charity has over a half million fans and followers all over the world. A former K-6 gifted intervention specialist, she has built and managed over 20 educational related websites since 2011, and collaborated with high profile companies, such as eBay, ASCD, and Pinterest. Charity is the CEO of PEN Group Online, Inc. where she has taught her classroom and teacherpreneur business development systems to thousands of fans and members.


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Basic Introductory Program
The Basic Program develops the most important dances you plan to use immediately at a basic level. Emphasis is placed on three important elements of dancing; (1) foot position (2) rhythm and timing (3) leading or following with enough variety to keep your learning experience interesting.
Associate Bronze Program
The Associate Bronze Program will help you acquire freer movement around the floor while expanding your variety, technique and footwork. Associate Bronze dancers also begin to develop portrayal of a dance's characteristics in the form of styling. This dance program is very popular with those wanting to get on the dance floor quickly.
Full Bronze Program
Full Bronze is the complete social dance program taught by the Arthur Murray Dance Studios. It's designed to develop timing and techniques in all Social Dances selected by the student. The styling will make you look and feel comfortable on the dance floor and strengthen your lead and following regardless of your partner, the music being played or the type of dance floor. Bronze dancers have all the confidence anyone would need on the floor because they have reached the "fun point" in dancing. Dancing techniques at this level will be yours to keep as you'll never forget the elements of each dance.
Silver Program
Silver is the dance standard with a high degree of styling. More elaborate movements ensure the Silver dancer will stand out on any dance floor. Continuity of movements makes a couple glide across the dance floor with many natural directional changes. Styling, technique, balance and control take on an entirely new meaning. This is the beginning of a more professional style and look on the dance floor.
Gold Program
Our Gold standard is for the hobby dancer interested in performances, exhibitions or competitions. Its intricate patterns can only to be used when both partners are proficient. Choreography, styling, technique and showmanship are necessities in this standard. This material is generally not used on a crowded floor. Although there is a lot of work involved in this program, you will truly be regarded as an outstanding dancer.
Getting started is easy. The first step is to schedule a free introductory lesson with one of our trained instructors. During that lesson, your instructor will determine your current level and recommend an appropriate course for you to continue. To set up your free introductory lesson now fill out our online contact form.


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How to Protect Your Life Savings from Hyperinflation & Depression, 2nd edition
324 pages, 8 1/2 x 11, paperback, $39.95
This book tells you how to rearrange your assets and liabilities so that you are not devastated by the U.S. dollar hyperinflating or deflating. Each has happened in the past around the world and in the U.S.
My approach is an insurance one, not a gambling one. I do not tell you to bet on either inflation or deflation. Most other writers on the subject do tell you to bet. If it does not happen, or takes too long to happen, those bets will hurt you.
Rather, I tell you how to hedge or "insure" against hyperinflation and deflation in low-risk, low cost ways.
If you follow my advice and no monetary instability occurs, no harm done. But if the dollar does greatly inflate or deflate, you will be extremely glad you read the book and followed its advice.
What's at stake in hyperinflation is that it would cause all of your dollar-denominated assets to become worthless. That means cash, bank accounts, bonds, annuities like social security and pensions all become worthless.
Hi John,
I can't express my gratitude enough for your book on hyperinflation – best money ever spent on a book; and perhaps the most important financial planning tool I've ever come across! Matt Heckard
If you think the government would never let that happen, you don't understand hyperinflation. It is caused by the government. They want to spend more than they have so they have to "print" the money to keep spending. But "printing" money faster than the growth of the economy risks hyperinflation and the more you "print" and the longer you keep "printing," the greater the likelihood and severity of the hyperinflation.
'It could happen tomorrow.'
That's the first sentence in my book How to Protect Your Life Savings from Hyperinflation and Depression, 2nd Edition. I continuously write about the increasing crescendo of warning signals that hyperinflation is coming at my hyperinflation and depression blog.
When subprime loans began melting down in 2006, I started studying what happened to make sure I did not make such mistakes and to tell my readers how to avoid the mistakes.
When the Bear Stearns, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Lehman Brothers, AIG, and the stock market crashed in 2008, I figured there was something bigger going on here. So I began to furiously research past financial crises. I wanted to see who won and who lost in each and figure out how I and my readers could protect ourselves.
A friend suggested I title this book How to Keep What You've Got. That is partly what my book is about. But when you explain risk management, you have to identify which risk you are managing. Each risk requires different protective steps. The main risk we face at present is what economists would call monetary instability. Consumers would call it inflation and depression. Depression is another word for deflation. The problem in each case is a radical change in the purchasing power of the dollar.
Federal government borrowing and spending is a runaway train
The verdict on recent and projected federal government borrowing and spending is universal:
Who says so? Everyone—Greenspan, Limbaugh, Bernanke, Geithner, Beck, Volcker, Obama. Everybody.
Okay. So what does "unsustainable" mean?
It means economics professor Herbert Stein (Ben's father) was right when he promulgated Herbert Stein's Law:
If something cannot go on forever, it will stop.
I hereby promulgate John T. Reed's Law:
If something is unsustainable, it will not be sustained.
But what does it stopping mean?
Too horrible to mention
The politicians named above won't tell you the truth, or they won't tell you the whole truth. Because it's ugly, illegal, and immoral. I'm talking default on the national debt, hyperinflation, draconian cuts in entitlements, order-of-magnitude tax increases, and forcing U.S. citizens to buy overpriced U.S. government bonds because no one will buy of their own free will.
What the federal government needs to do is obvious: eliminate Medicare and Obamacare entirely, turn Social Security and Medicaid into programs that only the truly destitute can qualify for, cut military and other federal retiree pensions and benefits down to the civilian level, "broaden the tax base" (that means making the lower and middle classes pay taxes again), eliminate the cabinet departments created since 1960 and their employees, etc.
In other words, the overspending has gotten ridiculous. We have to live within our means. Our means at present are tax revenues of $3 trillion (2014 revenues from all types of federal taxes) Our projected spending is around $4 trillion plus more to pay off U.S. government bonds coming due each year. That means we have to borrow. Where do we get that money? By selling U.S. government bonds or "printing" it.
No one bids on our bonds
What "it will stop" means is that the buyers of our federal bonds in the U.S. and around the world will eventually say, "No, thanks. Your U.S. national debt is so high in relation to your income that we no longer trust you to pay us back and keep the purchasing power of the dollar steady. We think you are either going to default or inflate the dollar or both." When that happens, and it arguably already has, the U.S. government must stop paying all its bills or pay them by "printing" money. "Printing" money causes inflation. "Printing" lots of money causes hyperinflation.
If we cannot borrow those amounts, the government has to cut spending by huge amounts! That's why they have to eliminate Medicare and so on as I said above. You say Medicare is too popular to cut? The bond market doesn't care. And the politicians and voters squealing like stuck pigs doesn't pay the bills. Only the bond market can pay the bills, and they are starting to complain about the amount of risk they are taking paying bills for Americans. Indeed, the bond market will tell you Medicare is one of the biggest parts of the problem. The bond market will not lend money to us until Medicare and other spending are reduced to reasonable levels. And reasonable levels are WAY below current levels.
Cannot tax our way out
Can we tax our way out of debt? No. The U.S. cannot double or triple its current tax levels.
Cannot grow our way out
Can the U.S. grow out of the debt problem as in the past? No. It's too big. 3% annual growth would be extraordinary. That would be 3% x $16.8 trillion (U.S. Gross Domestic Product) = $500 billion increase in the U.S. economy. Since World War II, U.S. annual tax revenues have been about 18% of GDP no matter who has control of Congress and the White House. 18% of $500 billion is only $90 billion. It would take a long time to pay off a $19 trillion national debt at a rate of $90 billion per year—200 years to be exact. Furthermore, that $90 billion additional tax revenue would only go to paying down the debt if we starting running a $90 billion a year surplus and used every penny of it to pay down the debt. No one claims that will happen.
Politicians will cut spending—AFTER they try everything else—including hyperinflation
Are the President and Congress going to cut spending by hundreds of billions of dollars per year? No. What if Republicans take control of the White House and Congress? No. They did from 2017 to 2018—and increased deficits spending back up to the $1-T-a-year Obama level.
The politicians in Washington are going to keep the runaway train going until it crashes. Thus my new book How to Protect your Life Savings from Hyperinflation & Depression.
Get off the train track before you get run over by the federal deficit
This is going to happen. There is no political will to stop it. The public is too ignorant of finance to realize the catastrophe that may be about to happen. All we as individuals can do is "get off the train track." How to Protect your Life Savings from Hyperinflation & Depression tells you, in detail, how to do that.
Why both hyperinflation and depression?
Because my research indicates that it is impossible to predict which we will get. Hyperinflation happens because the government deliberately "prints" too much money. They do that because they are afraid to cut spending or raise taxes enough to avoid it.
Depression/deflation, on the other hand, is a blunder by the government. It is mainly caused by the government waiting too long to "print" more money or by the government slamming on the brakes too hard to stop hyperinflation. It can also be caused by stupidity like protectionist laws, wage and price controls, tax increases, and so on—none of which are beyond our politicians.
Not gold or TIPS
Most somewhat informed people believe gold and/or Treasury Inflation Protected Securities protect you from inflation. That's wrong. You have to read the fine print of the pertinent laws. When it comes to gold, if you think it's a good inflation hedge, you must not know the history. There are a bunch of reasons why gold is not a good inflation hedge. With TIPs bonds, the reason why they are no good is the indexes adapt way too slowly. How to Protect your Life Savings from Hyperinflation & Depression covers gold in a chapter on "Gold and Other Commodities." TIPs are covered in detail in the "Bonds" chapter.
Condemned to repeat it
Perhaps the greatest danger to Americans today with regard to hyperinflation and depression is the fact that very few have experienced and remember either hyperinflation or depression. So they do not fear it enough. Since they have not experienced it, they unconsciously believe it cannot happen.
Oh, yes it can. How to Protect your Life Savings from Hyperinflation & Depression takes care of that deficiency in your experience and memory with a detailed chapter on the human history of financial crises as well as historical examples all through the book.
Tax law is big in hyperinflation and deflation
Income and property tax law interact big time with hyperinflation and depression. How to Protect your Life Savings from Hyperinflation & Depression explains how. I am also the author of the book Aggressive Tax Avoidance for Real Estate Investors now in its 20th edition. As an expert on both the tax law and the history of financial crises, I recognize interactions that even the top tax lawyers might not recognize. One of the "trains" coming at you on the hyperinflation track is the income-tax law "train."
Insurance, pension plans, college savings plans
The same is true of insurance, retirement accounts, and college savings plans. During German hyperinflation in the early 1920s, university endowments, annuitants, owners of insurance policies with cash value, and so on were completely wiped out. Deposit insurance did not exist then, but it would not have mattered because deposit insurance does not protect you from loss of purchasing power. Pension plans like IRAs, SEPs, and 401(k)s did not exist then either. Furthermore, they have never been tested in a real financial crisis. Depending upon the details, the right pension account can save you financially, or destroy you if we have hyperinflation or depression.
Government and institutional reaction is predictable
Generally, it's impossible to forecast the future. But when it comes to the way government and banks and insurance companies and so on behave during financial crises, forecasting is possible. How so? There have been national financial crises since 301 A.D. Politicians, kings and dictators do not change their spots. Time and again, the leaders of governments and institutions did almost the same thing repeating the same mistakes initially, then finally doing the right thing when they had no other choice. But they will repeat the mistakes for many years before they are forced to do the right thing. If you get wiped out by the typical behavior of government and institutions before they finally do the right thing, their doing the right thing eventually won't do you any good.
The Consumer Price Index? Forget about it.
The chapter on indices explains the limitations of the main official measure of inflation: the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index. In fact, it does not work for other than moderate inflation. In How to Protect your Life Savings from Hyperinflation & Depression I tell you about warp-speed, real-time market- rather than bureaucrat-based inflation indicators that you can use to try to deal with hyperinflation. Hyperinflation always ends and ends overnight. In theory, the CPI indexes will then catch up. But that would just start the hyperinflation all over. There is not enough money in the world to pay all the U.S. federal spending promises the politicians have made. So they will terminate the CPI indexing promises wherever they have been made. They must to end the problem. But that means CPI indexing has to be reneged upon and outlawed even by private parties.
Simple and complex
The list of solutions to How to Protect your Life Savings from Hyperinflation & Depression includes both simple and complex techniques. I am biased in favor of simple, few-links-in-the-chain solutions, but I also discuss the complex ones that involve institutions and financial engineering. Advance Purchase and Sale is one of the longest chapters and will take care of a great deal of the protection you need and do so in the simplest manner.
Barter is not a Plan A or even a Plan B. But I have to tell you about it as at least a Plan C. In the 1990s, many Argentinians, suffering hyperinflation, were saved from starvation only through barter. There are tricks to it. Tax laws apply to it. Read all about them in the Barter chapter.
Stocks, real estate, foreign currency, bonds, Swiss bank accounts, and all that
Will well-selected stocks, real estate, foreign currency and so on protect you? Stocks are a crap shoot. Depends on what's on the financial statement of each corporation. Well-chosen foreign currencies are great. I have six and they have to be located outside of the U.S. Read any book on past hyperinflations and you will find the citizens spend almost all day every day trying to get foreign currencies with which they can buy food, fuel, medicine. The rest of their days are spent on barter, black markets, and evading authorities. I discuss those subjects mainly to convince you why their reputations for inflation protection are incomplete at best and wrong at worst.
The stuff you do not think about enough
Some of the most important chapters in How to Protect your Life Savings from Hyperinflation & Depression cover stuff you probably rarely think about. Like what? New forms of money that spring up during financial crises like scrip or warehouse receipts. Liquidity. Counterparty risk. Exchange risk. Depository institution risk. Bankruptcy risk.
Risk management
How to Protect your Life Savings from Hyperinflation & Depression is a risk-management book. 99.99% of American have almost no clue about risk management. Yet they are currently marching like lemmings toward our unsustainable financial future blissful in their ignorance of hyperinflation risk, deflation risk, exchange risk, depository institution risk, counterparty risk, tax risk, political risk, index risk, model risk, currency risk, non-recourse mortgages, bankruptcy exemptions, correlated assets, and so on. In hyperinflation or depression, that sort of ignorance can kill you financially, and too often in the past, literally end your marriage, health, and even life. Wise up fast before it's too late.
I also talk about risk management in my books Best Practices for the Intelligent Real Estate Investor and Distressed Real Estate times.
When you buy 2 books at the same time, you save $2.55 on shipping to U.S. addresses. Shipping is free if you buy 3 or more books at the same time.
39% of those who buy the hyperinflation/depression book also buy the Succeeding book
You get a discount on domestic shipping if you buy two books and free domestic shipping if you buy three or more at the same time.


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The Cooper Temple Clause
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