text:
mitigating wordpress xmlrpc attack using ossec
I've created some local rules for ossec to mitigate some of the effects of the wordpress xmlrpc attack presented here: WordPress Pingback Portscanner – Metasploit Module.
They seem to work for me, use at your own risk of getting flooded with tons of alerts. Obviously you need to set the alert level of the second rule to something that will trigger your active-response. Feel free to tweak the alert level, frequency and timeframe. Before you change frequency to something else please read the following thread though: setting ossec frequency level
<rule id="100167" level="1"> <if_sid>31108</if_sid> <url>xmlrpc.php</url> <match>POST</match> <description>WordPress xmlrpc attempt.</description> </rule> <rule id="100168" level="10" frequency="2" timeframe="600"> <if_matched_sid>100167</if_matched_sid> <same_source_ip /> <description>WordPress xmlrpc attack.</description> <group>attack,</group> </rule>
btw, if you don't want xmlrpc.php accessible at all, you can block it through a simple mod_rewrite rule:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/PATH/TO/xmlrpc.php [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [F,L]
or you can try any of the other numerous ways to accomplish the same thing as presented here.
You'll lose pingback functionality though…oh well.
Filed by kargig at 23:59 under Internet,Linux,Networking
Tags: attack, Internet, Linux, ossec, portscan, vulnerability, wordpress, xmlrpc
No Comments | 17,285 views


text: Parents and schools need to work together for the betterment of the students. Parents play an important role in providing support and building the confidence of their children. Parents should check some of the tips or activities they can use to develop their children's confidence and improve their school experience.

subset: commoncrawl


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John McCain is the quintessential enemy from within on the right. I am long past the argument of honoring his service to this country. He served his country long ago with distinction, now he's serving it on a platter to the Communists. At every turn he has betrayed America in recent years. Just two words describe the good he has done this country: Sarah Palin and she is Tea Party. Now, in an act of political cleansing, McCain has set about to gut the Arizona GOP of Tea Party riff-raff using an Obama San Francisco donor. How richly appropriate for a man who is a Marxist Progressive and much more of a friend to the Leftist policies of Barack Obama than to the Constitutional Conservative premise of Ronald Reagan.
Behold the machinations of the troll that is McCain:
As the longtime Republican senator lays the groundwork for a likely 2016 reelection bid, his political team is engaging in an aggressive and systematic campaign to reshape the state GOP apparatus by ridding it of conservative firebrands and replacing them with steadfast allies…
The ambitious effort — detailed to POLITICO by nearly a dozen McCain operatives, donors, and friends — has stretched from office buildings in Alexandria, Virginia, where strategists plotted and fundraisers collected cash for a super PAC, to Vietnamese-American communities across Arizona, where recruiters sought out supporters eager to help the incumbent defeat the tea party.
McCain is much more likely to be besties with the likes of Arizona Rep. Kyrsten Sinema. You remember her… she endorsed a Communist Party May Day appeal back in 2002. She did it again in 2003. He probably also hearts Arizona Rep. Raul Grijalva who penned an article for the Communist Party paper back in 1993. Don't forget the fascist moves of La Raza either in the Red State of Arizona. Arizona has big problems on the Left and the Right.
I don't believe McCain ever really intended to win his last run for President. I think he wanted to enable Obama and taint Palin. If he had employed even a fraction of his time fighting for conservatives that he spent fighting against them, he might have occupied the Oval Office:
Until this year, however, McCain aides had never seriously considered a concerted effort to remake the state GOP apparatus, which has traditionally been dominated by his conservative antagonists. That changed after the January censure, which rapped the senator for having an insufficiently conservative record that was "harmful" to Arizona.
"He was very unhappy with the censure and wanted to make sure it never happened again," said Mike Hellon, McCain's deputy campaign manager in 2010.
In the days after the state party's rebuke, a group of top McCain political hands, including Jon Seaton and Christian Ferry — who worked for McCain in his 2008 campaign and have remained with him since — hatched a plan to form a super PAC that would spend money to elect a more friendly slate of precinct committeemen.
The super PAC, which was based out of offices in the Washington, D.C., suburbs and Phoenix and given the generic name "Arizona Grassroots Action PAC," raised nearly $300,000. The largest checks, according to contribution reports, came from Gregory Maffei, a Colorado businessman, and Gregory Wendt, a San Francisco-based financial adviser, both longtime McCain donors.
But the most stunning part of a story linked to Politico's puff piece: McCain's big purge, has to be the money behind McCain's move:
Greg Wendt and Lisa Wendt of San Francisco, CA (generous benefactors of the Democrat Party and its candidates) gave over 40% of the funds for Grassroots Arizona; a PAC set up to target the Republican chairman of legislative district 11.
Greg and Lisa have been very generous to Democrats. Greg has donated to such people as Ron Wyden, Max Cleland, Barack Obama, Diane Feinstein, and Claire McCaskill, among many other Democrats.
Though some of these links go back to 2006, Wendt is still giving large amounts to Arizona Grassroots Action PAC who is funding McCain.
The other donor you should note here is Greg Maffei from Colorado. He's a bud of Colorado gun control Governor Hickenlooper. He gave 100k to the anti-Tea Party war chest for McCain.
This is nothing new for McCain. He's been doing it for as long as I can remember. He is roundly despised by true conservatives in Arizona and with good reason. If you are an out-spoken critic of him, he destroys you, or at least he tries to. Ethics be damned. McCain is for McCain and the wealthy elites in Arizona and those he pals around with. He's despicable and has no morals or sense of decorum. He has stood for Amnesty and for just about every Progressive platform out there. The only one left in the State of Arizona that hearts McCain is freshman Senator Jeff Flake, who I have serious issues with. He is a Progressive as well and is the only Republican to travel with Democrats to Cuba on junkets and profess his admiration for a Communist regime. 'Nough said there for now.
And what brought on the ire of this corrupt politician who counts himself as a good friend to Barack Obama? He's out for payback for the those that backed his embarrassing censure earlier this year. He's paving the way for a possible 2016 run.
McCain's team has been busy tolling away to reform the state party by forcibly removing hostile Tea Party-aligned members from local GOP offices and replacing them with allies ahead of the senator's 2016 re-election bid. He's at war with the Tea Party and McCain is taking no hostages.
More from Politico:
Under the byzantine rules of Arizona Republican Party politics, these elected officials, known as precinct committeemen, vote for local party chairmen. The chairmen, in turn, determine how state and local GOP funds are spent, which candidates are promoted in an election year, and which political issues are highlighted — all matters of central concern for McCain heading into 2016, when the threat of a primary looms.
Prior to Aug. 26, when the races for the party offices were held, the vast majority of the 3,925 precinct slots were filled by people McCain's team considered opponents. Now, after an influx of candidates were recruited by the senator's allies, around 40 percent of those offices — 1,531 to be exact — will be held by people McCain's team regards as friendly. They will have the power to vote down hostile Republican chairmen in each of their respective localities.
"There's been a huge organizational effort that I've never seen before," said Gordon James, an Arizona public relations executive and longtime McCain confidant. "A lot of the party folks who were hostile to John McCain have been marginalized, and that's a good thing."
The biggest foe to fall: Timothy Schwartz, the man who authored the McCain censure resolution. Earlier this month, Schwartz was ousted from his post as a GOP legislative district chairman by a group of newly elected precinct committeemen who voted in favor of a McCain-aligned candidate. Another outspoken McCain detractor, A.J. LaFaro, recently announced that he wouldn't be seeking reelection to the Maricopa County Republican chairmanship, a tacit recognition that he didn't have enough support to win.
And from the Inquisitr:
The resolution was passed by a 1,150-to-351 vote. The Tea Party vote listed a number of what the party called "disastrous" and "harmful" policy decisions toward Arizona and the country. The "liberal" policy record he holds included votes for amnesty, and a refusal to defund Obamacare are among the charges. The amnesty charge comes from the fact that Arizona is border state, and the issue has been boiling over the past several years. The Inquisitr reported on the ongoing fights over illegal immigration.
The wording of the resolution was very serious and stern in its declaration, the Arizona Repubic reports.
"Only in times of great crisis or betrayal is it necessary to publicly censure our leaders. Today we are faced with both. For too long we have waited, hoping Senator McCain would return to our Party's values on his own. That has not happened."
Along with McCain's jabs at Sarah Palin, who can forget his infamous labeling of Ted Cruz and Rand Paul as wacko birds last year. Or when he called them 'Tea Party Hobbits.' He haaates the Tea Party – McCain despises the independence and freedom it stands for, along with the Constitutional precepts of limited government and taxation, as well as the rights that are inherent to all Americans. McCain went to the dark side of politics long ago. As Investor's Business Daily sagely points out… purges may work in totalitarian states, but not in a Constitutional Republic. Republicans would do well to remember that, unless of course they relish living under the heavy hand of a dictator. Cavorting with the enemy leads to becoming the enemy.
McCain believes with his money, power and influence he can rule Arizona and the nation at the tender age of 78. He's a megalomaniac of epic proportions. But does he really think the patriots of the Tea Party will just roll over and wet themselves? If he does, he's even more delusional than I thought. Schwartz, the ousted McCain foe, hinted that Tea Party forces were planning on a counterstrike after the holidays. He didn't provide specifics, but trust me… it is coming. "They think it's over," Schwartz told Politico. "But the fat lady hasn't sung." Indeed, this big boy is just warming up – let's dance. If McCain wants a war with the Tea Party, he's got one.


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There are a variety of small animals that make great household pets. These little critters are engaging, quiet, relatively clean, and easy to handle. Many come from the Rodent order, which comprises 28 families and more than 2,000 species. Rodents can be found everywhere in the world except for Antarctica and on some small islands. They are natural-born burrowers. In fact, some rodents spend their entire lives underground.
Rodents exhibit a wide range of types, from aquatic species to others that flourish in arid deserts and from omnivores to herbivores. Many of them make good first pets for children because of their easy care and handling and small size. The most common small animals kept as household pets include chinchillas, gerbils, guinea pigs, mice, and rats.
Please Note: Some people are allergic to the saliva and urine produced by rodents, particularly mice and rats. Before purchasing a rodent, ensure that everyone in your household is exposed to your choice of animal to determine whether or not they have this allergy. Do not purchase one of these animals if someone in the household is immunosuppressed. They are susceptible to a wide range of bacterial and viral infections.
Common Small Animal Descriptions
Chinchillas. Chinchillas are native to areas in the Andes Mountains of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru and live in rocky, mountainous regions. They are related to guinea pigs and porcupines and have long ears, large eyes, and bushy tails. Chinchillas are famous for their soft, fine fur. One benefit of their thick fur is that they don't usually attract parasites like lice or fleas. A chinchilla's hind legs are longer than its front legs, which helps it climb, run and leap. Two primary species are found among pet chinchillas: Chinchilla Lanigera, which is slightly more slender than Chinchilla Brevicaudata, which is distinguished by a slightly thicker body and shorter tail. These lovable, furry creatures live an average life of 5-7 years but have been known to live as long as 20 years in captivity. Chinchillas tend to be shy and easily frightened but can be hyperactive, which is why they are not the ideal choice for young children. Chinchillas are very sociable animals and tend to do better when more than one is kept together.
Gerbils. Gerbils originate in the desert regions of Mongolia and northeastern China. Their coloring is in the blacks, browns, and tans, but their tummies are usually white. Gerbils are active and curious, spending much of their activity burrowing. They have superior senses for seeing, hearing, and smelling. They are both nocturnal (active at night) and diurnal (active during the day) and tend to be friendlier and more complex than most rodents. They are also clean, odorless and rarely bite. This combination makes them a terrific first pet for children. A typical life span for a gerbil is 3-4 years. Because they are very sociable, it is recommended that you purchase at least two.
Guinea Pigs. Also known as a cavy, guinea pigs are native to the Andes Mountains and were introduced to Europe by Dutch explorers in the 16th century. The Dutch took these animals to Guinea as well, which is how the name originated. Guinea pigs are docile, quiet, and clean. They rarely bite and can recognize their owners with a little squeak. Four species are commonly bred as household pets: Shorthairs or English are distinguished by their short coats; Abyssinians have fluffy tufts all over their short, wiry coat; Silkys or Shelties have a medium-length, silky coat and are a little larger; and Peruvians have long, silky hair. Guinea pigs weigh about two pounds, live an average of 5-7 years, and can vary in size from other small critters to small dogs. Guinea pigs prefer to live in small groups, so you should plan on obtaining at least two simultaneously.
Hamsters. The name "hamster" comes from the German word "hamstern," which means "hoard." These aptly named small animals are renowned for hoarding and hiding food in corners of their cages. They originated from Syria and the Middle East and are recognized for their large cheek pouches and short, stubby tails. The larger species, commonly the Golden hamster or Teddy Bear hamster, grow to about 6 inches and have a life span of roughly 2-3 years. Dwarf hamsters are smaller (about 2-3 inches), live shorter lives (about 1-2 years), and are represented by four primary species: Siberian, Roborovski, Djungarian, and Chinese. Armenian and European hamsters are the giants among hamsters and are used almost exclusively for research. Hamsters are purely nocturnal animals and don't like being awakened during the day. That is why they are not recommended as pets for young children. Hamsters should be kept in individual cages.
Mice. Pet mice are not the same as the mice you may encounter out in the world. These frenetic little creatures are very active, curious and friendly and are a lot of fun to watch. Thanks to their popularity and breeding, they come in more than 700 color and coat varieties, including the white albino. Domesticated more than four centuries ago, mice were used in religious rituals in ancient China, and the Greeks used them to predict the future. Pet mice are active during the day and night. Mice are highly sociable and need companions to thrive, so you'll need to keep more than one at any given time. Given their tiny size, they can be fragile. Be sure your children can handle them delicately before taking responsibility for your pet's care. Mice are also one of the least expensive pets to buy and own.
Rats. Rats earned their reputation in history as pests. They bred quickly, spread deadly diseases and populated the world by traveling on boats. They have always lived near people, who have traditionally been their best source for food. But pet rats are bred for domestication and, much like mice, are gregarious, curious and active day and night. Pet rats range in colors (including the albino white), but most are either solid-colored or hooded (different colors for the head and body). They are larger than mice - which makes for easier handling - and hardier. Some common varieties include African Giant Rats, Bushy-Tailed Woodrats, Kangaroo Rats, Packrats and Spiny Rats. Rats should also be kept with at least one companion.
Small Animal | Average Life Span | Average Body Size |
Chinchillas | 5-7 years | 8.75 inches x 15 inches |
Gerbils | 3-4 years | 4 inches |
Guinea Pigs | 5-7 years | Varies |
Hamsters | 1-3 years | 2-6 inches |
Mice | 1-3 years | 2.5 inches x 3.5 inches |
Rats | 2-3 years | 14-18 inches |
Preparing Your Home
Before bringing your new pet(s) home, you'll need to purchase some essential equipment, including a cage, bedding, substrate materials, water feeder(s), food bowls, and food made explicitly for your choice of animal and activity toys. Rodents are quintessential hiders, so you'll need to be sure to keep them in a space that can be completely closed off by a door when they are active outside their cages. Make sure you rid this area of any electrical cords or items you don't want to be chewed. You'll need to set up the cage and place it in an out-of-the-way, quiet area.
Pet ownership demands a level of responsibility for your loving creature's care and feeding. You and your family need to agree on how you will manage daily care by devising a schedule for feeding, cleaning and playing with your pet(s).
Lastly, before bringing home your new pet(s), be sure to find and select a veterinarian with experience with small animals and set up an initial appointment to confirm your pet(s) 's baseline health.
Selecting Your Pet
When choosing a small animal, look for obvious signs of a healthy being. Every small animal should appear energetic, with clear eyes, a clean and full coat, a rounded body and strong legs. With the exception of hamsters, rodents need communities and should be purchased at least twice. Do not combine males and females. Even if they are spayed or neutered, they may exhibit problems interacting when they reach sexual maturity. Two or more males are generally a fine combination if they were litter mates. Female pairs or multiples are most accessible for adapting to each other as long as no males are present.


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This relief will help you to defer capital gains tax (CGT) when you give away chargeable assets or if you sell something subject to CGT for less than its market value. The relief is called Gift Hold-Over Relief and could be claimed if you give away business assets (including certain shares) or sell them for less than they are worth to help the buyer.
Gift Hold-Over Relief means:
- you don't pay Capital Gains Tax when you give away the assets
- the person you give them to pays Capital Gains tax (if any is due) when they sell (or 'dispose of') them
Tax isn't usually payable on gifts to your husband, wife, civil partner or a charity.
The conditions for claiming relief depend on whether you're giving away business assets or shares.
If you're giving away business assets you must:
- be a sole trader or business partner, or have at least 5% of shares and voting rights in a company (known as your 'personal company')
- use the assets in your business or personal company
You can usually get partial relief if you used the assets only partly for your business.
If you're giving away shares the shares must be in a company that's either:
- not listed on any recognised stock exchange
- your personal company
The company's main activities must be in trading (e.g. providing goods or services) rather than non-trading activities like investment.


text:
Is aluminium better than steel for my home improvement project?
9 July 2024 | General
2. Paste this code immediately after the opening
tag:Steel-look windows are not just a functional choice; they are also an aesthetic upgrade. Whether you are working on period properties or new properties, these windows add a dramatic and stylish statement that stands out.
The industrial-style frames are perfect for homeowners who want to add a touch of modernity and edge to their interiors. These frames are often featured in trendy urban lofts and offices but are now increasingly popular in residential spaces too.
Get a QuoteAt Direct Trade Windows, we offer windows with high-quality glass panels and durable aluminium windows. These materials ensure longevity and minimal maintenance, making them a great investment for your home improvement projects.
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Get a QuoteAt Direct Trade Windows, we construct steel look windows from Smart using premium grade aluminium to ensure the best quality possible. Made in our in-house factory, we can ensure that every unit meets our high standards for supply and installation.
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We understand that every property has unique requirements, which is why we provide bespoke designs. Whether you are looking for something sleek and modern or a more traditional look, our windows can be customised to fit your exact needs.
Choose from a variety of finishes including the ever-popular black frames which add a touch of elegance and sophistication to any property.
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Interested in enriching your property with our steel-look windows? Contact us today for a free quote and take the first step towards transforming your home.
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Alitherm 300 Casement Windows provide many solutions for residential and light commercial applications. These windows use Smart's innovative thermal break technology to create a barrier between the cold air outside and the warm air inside, significantly enhancing the overall U-value.
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These windows are designed to be built as a series of horizontal modules which can be stacked using horizontal couples to form a multi-part window featuring a specially designed drip bar between modules.
Alitherm 300
Alitherm 300
The Alitherm 300 series offers a range of high quality glazing solutions for side and top hung open out windows suitable for both the residential and commercial markets.
U Value: 1.5W/m²K (using correct glass unit)
Side Hung Max Width (mm) 700mm
Side Hung Max Height (mm) 1400mm
Top Hung Max Width (mm) 1400mm
Top Hung Max Height (mm) 1300mm
Glazing (mm) 24mm, 28mm, 32mm & 36mm double or triple glazed units
Frame Depth (mm) 53mm & 70mm
Document L Compliant Yes
Kitemark Yes
BS 6375-1:2009 Yes
BS 7950:1997 Yes
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Material Aluminium Polyamide
Get in TouchHeritage Tilt & Turn Windows
Alitherm Heritage
A modern thermal aluminium solution for both heritage and refurbishment projects where the requirement to replace old steel windows is essential.
U Value 1.5W/m²K (using 1.0W/m²K glass unit)
WER Rating B
Document L Compliant Yes
Kitemark Yes
BS 6375-1:2009 Yes
BS 4873 Yes
Top Hung Max Width (mm) 1400
Top Hung Max Height (mm) 1400
Fixed Max Width (mm) 2100
Fixed Max Height (mm) 2100
Single Door Max Width (mm) 900
Single Door Max Height (mm) 2100
Glazing (mm) 24, 28, 32 & 36 double or triple glazed units
Frame Depth (mm) 47
Typical Sightlines (mm) 59
Material Aluminium Polyamide
Contact UsColours
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close up of steel look hardware
steel look window hardware
Are you curious about the exceptional features and benefits of steel look aluminium windows? Find answers to commonly asked questions about these stylish and durable windows crafted by Direct Trade Windows. Discover how these windows add a touch of authenticity and modernity to properties, all while offering versatility, durability, and energy efficiency. Read on to explore the key aspects of these premium-grade aluminium steel-look windows and why they are a preferred choice for both new build properties and renovation projects.
Contact UsSteel Look Windows from Direct Trade Windows are crafted from high-grade aluminium, ensuring robustness and longevity. They are versatile, ideal for both modern and heritage properties, and are renowned for their authentic industrial appearance. Our steel look-a-like windows not only provide an authentic appearance, they offer much improved security, thermal efficiency, and come at a fraction of the cost of steel. Moreover, these windows boast thermal efficiency, thanks to their innovative polyamide thermal break design, and are custom-made to fit seamlessly into any property.
These windows are designed with a focus on thermal efficiency. They incorporate a polyamide thermal break, which significantly enhances their insulation capabilities. This design helps maintain a comfortable indoor temperature, reduces energy consumption, and contributes to a lower carbon footprint.
Direct Trade Windows offers a wide range of customisation options for their Steel Look Windows. Customers can choose from various sizes, styles, and colour finishes to match the architectural needs of their property. This flexibility ensures that each window is tailored to the specific aesthetic and functional requirements of the customer while also meeting the minimum requirements of building regulations for energy efficiency.
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9 July 2024 | General
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18 January 2024 | General


text:
This is my oldest question on SO. It still hasn't generated a useful answer there, so I thought I'd give it a try here.
The question was: I don't seem to be able to find the method to generate the table of contents for a Mathematica notebook. AuthorTools, an old v5.1 utility package is still hidden in Mathematica, but it doesn't work for me. The TOC should contain correct section numbers (if present in the stylesheet) and list page numbers (this requires taking page size settings into account).


text:
A summary of what Salina has to offer.
State capital Topeka has the expected selection of governmental sites but also find in this pleasant town a number of historic attractions, a museum or two and easily accessible lakeside activity.
Searchable list of Salina tour companies, guides and outfitters, rental companies and more.
Full information on Salina Tourist Attractions, Scenic Drives and other easy vacation activities…
Searchable listings of Salina hotels, motels, resorts, bed & breakfast, and more.
Searchable listings of Salina RV parks and campgrounds.
Use our easy Lodging Search to find exactly the type of accommodation you are looking for at the right price.
Transportation companies, driving directions and more for Salina.
Salina weather report, historic temperatures and climate info,…
Searchable lists of Salina tourism offices and other helpful government agencies.
Explore destinations near Salina.
Switch to Mobile Browser Mode
We offer a compact version of Go-Kansas for mobile users, allowing you to access just the information you need on the road. Of course, you can still use the full version of Go-Kansas on your mobile device just as you can on your desktop.
Continue to Mobile Site Return to Main Site


text:
1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine Manufacturers, with SDS GHS MSDS Sheet
Supplier, Manufacturer, Exporter of 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine, Muby Chemicals of Mubychem Group, established in 1976, is the original manufacturers of Specialty Chemicals, Pharmaceutical Excipient, Fragrance Food & Flavor chemicals, Reagent Grade Chemicals, Shale Gas Fracturing Chemicals in India. Mubychem Group has several manufacturing facilities spread across Western India and world wide contacts and toll manufacturers. We are exporting globally to countries like USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Egypt, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Turkey, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, China, Germany, France, Italy, Portugal, Bangladesh, etc.
The products are offered as per required specifications and in correct shape and size in mm or meshs or microns as specified by the buyer.
The participating units have one or more accreditations like FDA - cGMP and GLP approval, ISO-9001 Certified, "REACH" Registered, ISO-14001, ISO/IEC 17025, ISO-22000, FSSC 22000, ISO 45001, Kosher Certified, Halal Certified, HACCP, FSSAI. We offer Commercial Pure & IP BP EP Ph Eur USP NF JP FCC Food Grade Analytical Reagent Grades of Chemicals
Bookmark this Web Site -- or -- Email This Page Info to a Colleague or Yourself Search our website here:
1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine or 1,2-Di-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE: CAS Number: 201036-16-0, EINECS EC Number: NA, Molecular Formula: C45H90NO8P, Molecular Weight: 804.2, HS Code ---**
How big is your requirement or how small
We serve it all.Specifications, Safety Data Sheet, Manufacturing process details, Wholesale retail buy sell prices, Uses etc available on line in these pages for 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine or 1,2-Di-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.
For SDS MSDS Sheet Click
SDS MSDS Sheet of 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine Manufacturers1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE
DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine Pure Suppliers
Phosphoethanolamines DPyPE
1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine or 1,2-Di-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE.1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine is a phospholipid containing the tetramethylated long-chain (16:0) diphytanic acid inserted at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is a phosphatidylethanolamine with phytanic acid. Phosphatidylethanolamine is a phospholipid found in all living organisms, particularly in nervous tissue. It serves as a precursor of phosphatidylcholine, and promotes membrane fusion, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy.
General Properties and Specifications of 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine:
CAS Number: 201036-16-0
Molecular Formula: C45H90NO8P
Formula Weight: 804.2
Appearance: Waxy solid.
Assay: 98% minimum.
Relative density: around 1 predicted.
Storage: -20C. Short term shipping may be with ice.For Original Monographs of IP Indian Pharmacopoeia BP British Pharmacopoeia USP US Pharmacopoeia FCC Food Grade product, please check with the respective web-pages or books.
We manufacture ansd supply as under:
1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine or DLPE
1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or DMPE
1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or DOPE
1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or DPPE
1,3-Dipalmitoyl-glycero-2-phosphoethanolamine or 1,3-DPPE
1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE
1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or DSPE
1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or POPE
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1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine SDS GHS, Safety Data Sheet
MSDS Sheet, Material Safety Data Sheet 25-Nov-20Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification
Product Name & Other Names: 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine or 1,2-Di-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE.
CAS Number: 201036-16-0
EINECS EC Code: NA
Molecular Formula: C45H90NO8P
Molecular Weight: 804.2
Relevant uses and uses advised against (if any): Industrial Manufacturing.
Suppliers: As per letterhead.Section 2: Hazards Identification
GHS, Globally Harmonized System Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910
Hazard Class and Category Code(s), Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
This substance is not classified as dangerous according to Directive 67/548/EEC.Labeling Regulation as per GHS & EC 1272/2008 (CLP) & GHS
GHS Label Elements
NONESignal Word: None
Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC):
May causes mild skin irritation.
May causes mild eye irritation.Precautionary statements:
P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
P262: Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
P281: Use personal protective equipment as required.
P302+P352 - IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P303+P361+P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P304 + P340 - IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P337+313: If eye irritation persists get medical advice/attention.Section 3: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Product Name & Other Names: 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine DPyPE or 1,2-Diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine or 1,2-Di-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine.
CAS Number: 201036-16-0
EINECS EC Code: NASection 4: First Aid Measures
Always seek medical advice after the first aid treatment.
Skin: Rinse with water. Soap may be used. Seek Medical Aid.
Eyes: Wash eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lids occasionally. Seek Medical Aid.
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Ingestion: If swallowed, induce vomiting immediately after giving two glasses of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data
Fire: Not a fire hazard. However, it can burn at high temperature.
Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable. However, it will burn at high temperature.
Products of Combustion: Fumes and Oxides of Carbon, Phosphorous and Nitrogen.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Special Information: In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full face piece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode. At high temperatures under fire conditions, it may produce toxic or irritating fumes. Fire-extinguishing work is done from the windward and the suitable fire-extinguishing method according to the surrounding situation is used. Uninvolved persons should evacuate to a safe place.Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Personal precautions, protective equipment, and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing dust/fumes/gas/mist/vapors/spray. Use individual protective equipment (waterproof boots, suitable protective clothing, safety glasses, etc.). Restrict unprotected personnel from the area. Prevent any contact with hot surfaces. Do not approach facing the wind. Do not touch the spilled material.
Environmental precautions: Do not let the product enter drains, soil or water sources.
Methods and materials used for containment Cleanup procedures and Storage:
Small Spill: Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and dispose of according to legal requirements.
Large Spill: Contain spilled material. Do not inhale vapors, mist, or gas. Avoid dust formation. Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on the contaminated surface and dispose of according to legal requirements.Section 7: Handling and Storage
Precautions for safe handling: Apply according to good manufacturing and industrial hygiene practices. Ensure proper ventilation. Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not drink, eat, or smoke while handling. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Minimize dust generation. Avoid breathing dust/fumes/gas/mist/vapors/spray. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Use individual protective equipment (waterproof boots, suitable protective clothing, safety glasses, etc.). Prevent any contact with hot surfaces.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Store in cool, dry, and ventilated area away from heat sources and protected from sunlight in tightly closed original container. Keep air contact to a minimum. Do not leave the material container open. Store protected from heat, sparks and ignition sources and incompatible materials. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of dust/mist/vapor. Do not store with incompatible materials like oxidizing agents. Storage temperature: -20C. Short period shipping may be with ice. Air sensitive. Hygroscopic. Light sensitive. Handle and store under inert gas.Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Occupational Exposure Limits: No exposure limits known for ingredient.
Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume, or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to airborne contaminants below the exposure limit.
Ventilation System: A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures as low as possible. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area.
Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved): For conditions of use where exposure to dust or mist is apparent and engineering controls are not feasible, a particulate respirator may be worn. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator.
Skin Protection: Wear protective gloves and clean body-covering clothing.
Eye Protection: Use chemical safety goggles and/or full face shield where dusting or splashing of solutions is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
Other Control Measures: Maintain good housekeeping in work area. Dust deposits on floors and other surfaces may pick up moisture and cause the surfaces to become slippery and present safety hazards. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands after handling.Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical state and appearance: Waxy solid.
Odor: Not available.
Odor threshold: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Relative density: around 1 predicted.
Melting point/freezing point: Not available.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not available.
Flash point: Not available.
Auto-ignition temperature: Not available.
Decomposition temperature: Not available.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not available.
Vapor pressure: Not available.
Vapor density: Not available.
Evaporation rate: Not available.
Flammability (solid, gas): Not available.
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not available.
Solubility: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Molecular Formula: C45H90NO8P
Molecular Weight: 804.2Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data
Stability: It is stable at recommended storage temperature closed containers under normal storage & handling.
Hazardous decomposition products: Fumes and Oxides of Carbon, Phosphorous and Nitrogen.
Conditions of instability: Incompatible materials, heat flame
Incompatibility with various substances: Avoid high temperatures, sparks, open flames, and moisture. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents.
Polymerization: Will not occur.Section 11: Toxicological Information
LD50 Oral – Rat: Not available.
Carcinogenic Effects: Not a reported carcinogen by IARC, NTP, ACGIH, OSHA.
Mutagenic Effects: Not available.
Developmental Toxicity: Not available.
Reproductive Effects: No information available.Section 12: Ecological Information
Toxicity to fish: Not available.
BOD5 and COD: Not available.
Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
Ecotoxicity: Not regarded as dangerous for the environment. However, large or frequent spills may have hazardous effects on the environment.
Persistence and Degradability: Not likely to persist.
Mobility: No information available.
Bioaccumulation/ Accumulation: Degradable.
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment: No data available for assessment.Section 13: Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal: Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state, and local environmental control regulations.
Section 14: Transport Information
DOT USA, TDG Canada & ADR/RID Europe: Not dangerous goods.
IMDG/IMO: Not dangerous goods.
IATA/ICAO: Not dangerous goods.Section 15: Other Regulatory Information
USA Regulations:
Section 16 - Additional Information
SARA 313: Not applicable
SARA 311/312 Hazard Categories: Not applicable. See section 2.
California Prop 65: None of the chemicals in this product are listed.Disclaimer:
Our company provides this MSDS sheet in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This SDS sheet is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. The above information has been compiled from various sources and has the possibility of discrepancy and being out-dated information. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment and do further search in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose. In no case shall our company be liable to loss or damages by the product user.


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Aaaaaaand I'm back! Miss me?
I did treat you to a few posts, shelved prior to 'the week without tastebuds' in my house so I wasn't superbly absent. Interestingly enough, while I recuperated, my blog was inundated with hits, mostly searching for pictures of funny cats. I suppose I'm not so remiss in that area, but this is a food blog!
So it's December, and the month of Christmas, which means it's time to bake cookies. Baking for me is highly nostalgic; my mother was a champion baker, if only just for our family. She prided herself on never having store-bought cookies, cakes or anything like that in our home, she baked, and she baked really darn well. If she had one prominent love language to show us, it was in her Baking. She only had to call out "Who wants to help me make cookies?" and I would often drop everything I was doing and race to the kitchen. It was our time to bond, hang out and laugh, not to mention, nibble on warm cookies. Each recipe I have of hers brings me waves of nostalgia whenever I make them- Gingersnaps, Peanut Butter Fingers, Coffee Toffee Bars, Three Layer Bars; they all spelled L-O-V-E in our house. I love to bake but don't have the benefit of five kids to take away the tempting treats, so I don't do it too often unless it's for a crowd, or a special occasion.
Onto the cookies!!!
One of Griffin's favorites is what our family, and likely plenty of others, always calls 'Church Window Cookies'. It's a simple chocolate and colored mini-marshmallow cookie, that when cut (and if you squint and engage enough imagination), can resemble stained glass.
(jump for story and recipes
Church Window Cookies:
Melt one stick of butter and one bag of chocolate chips of your choice, stir gently until smooth, then cool. Pour over one bag of colored mini marshmallows, stir to combine. Either roll into logs, or scoop into plastic drink cups, chill until firm, then slice.
Date-Nut Pinwheels
8 ounce package dates
1 cup hot water
1 cup very finely chopped pecans
1 cup sugar
2 teaspoons vanilla
2 cups firmly packed brown sugar
1 cup butter
2 eggs
3-1/2 cups flour
1 teaspoon cinnamon
1/2 teaspoon soda
1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar
1/2 teaspoon salt
Combine dates, sugar and 1 teaspoon vanilla, and hot water in a medium saucepan. Cook over medium heat until thickened – about 6 – 8 minutes. Stir constantly. Remove from heat and stir in pecans. Set date mixture aside to cool. Combine brown sugar and butter. Cream until light and fluffy. Beat in eggs. Combine flour, soda, cream of tartar, salt and cinnamon. Stir into creamed mixture. Add 1 teaspoon vanilla and mix well. Divide dough into thirds. Roll each portion into a 12″ square on waxed paper. Spread with 1/3 of date mixture. Lifting up edge of waxed paper, gently peel off dough and roll jelly roll fashion. Wrap rolls in waxed paper and refrigerate overnight. Cut dough into 1/4″ slices and place two inches apart on greased cookie sheet. Bake at 350 degrees for 8 – 10 minutes. Cool cookies on wire rack.
Lemon Cream Cheese Cookies
3/4 cup butter, room temperature
1 (3 ounces) package cream cheese, softened
1 cup powdered sugar
1 teaspoon vanilla flavoring
1 Tablespoon lemon zest
2 teaspoons lemon juice
2 cups cake flour
1 cup chopped pecans (optional)
Cream together butter and cream cheese until light and fluffy. Gradually add sugar and beat hard. Stir in vanilla, lemon juice, and lemon zest. Add flour, mixing well. Stir in nuts. Push small amount from spoon onto a greased baking sheet. Bake at 300 degrees for 20-25 minutes or until delicate brown. While hot, roll in powdered sugar.
On the Date-Nut Pinwheels, I doubled the filling mixture, using half dates and half dried sweet cherries. This mixture took a lot longer than 6-8 minutes to thicken, likely from the extra bulk. Cook until it resembles a thick paste, almost jam-like, and allow it too cool completely. I also subbed in some wheat flour, and used a little extra cinnamon. The dough was tacky, I treated it somewhat like pie dough, tossing a little flour over it to keep the rolling pin from sticking. Chill the logs thoroughly and keep them chilled while baking. Any extra filling is wonderful spread on toast.
In our version of the Window cookies, we used Ghiradhelli dark chocolate pieces. If you're going to eat chocolate, why not make it dark?? Don't sub the fake stuff for butter; trust me, it tastes so much better to use the real thing. We keep these chilled for a better texture. Cool down the chocolate mix before pouring over the marshmallows or they will melt. Using plastic drink cups is super easy; make sure to press the mixture well into the cup for the best effect. When chilled, cut a slit in the side of the cup and break it apart, pushing the solids onto a cutting board. Use a serrated knife and just a little pressure to slice. *Hint* The bottom slice from the cup is the best part!
For the Cheesecake cookies, I added in about 3/4 of a teaspoon of pure lemon extract to give the cookies more pizazz. It's been my experience with using just zest and juice that it needs a little added something to really make that lemon flavor shine. Instead of adding in the nuts to the batter, I dipped the cookies into the nuts prior to baking, then finished them with a glaze made of lemon juice and powdered sugar.


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As a fuel-saving tire, the EP200 is revolutionary. Featuring industry-leading RRC, which means it rolls more efficiently than other tires, the EP200 can travel further on the same moult of gas.
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Like many philosophers, I am rather drawn to science-fiction movies. One of my colleagues, Stephen, deviates from this usual path-while he does not dislike science fiction, his experience with the genre was somewhat limited. After learning that I was "big into sci-fi" he asked me for some recommendations. While he did like some of the films I suggested, he regarded some as rather awful. As should come as no surprise, this got me thinking about the enjoyment (or lack thereof) of bad films.
As my colleague pointed out, one common approach to explaining the enjoyment of bad films is to appeal to the notion that something can be so bad that it is good. On the face of it, bad would seem to be, well, bad. As such, there is a need to sort out what it could mean for something to be so bad that it is good.
One possibility is what could be called accidental aesthetic success. This is when a work succeeds not at what it was intended to be, but rather in being an accidental parody or mockery of the genre. Using the example of science fiction, this commonly occurs when the work is so absurd that although it is horrible science-fiction, it succeeds as an unintentional comedy. Thus the work is a failure in one sense (to borrow from Aristotle, it fails to produce the intended effect on the audience). But it succeeds in another sense, by producing an unintended but valuable aesthetic experience for the audience.
While this view is certainly tempting, it can also be disputed by contending that the work does not actually succeed. To be specific, while it does produce an effect on the audience, this is a matter of accident rather than intent and hence to credit the work with success would be an error. To use an analogy, if someone intends to defend himself with a devastating martial arts attack, but slips on a banana to great comic effect, then he has not succeeded. Rather, his failure has caused the sort of mocking amusement reserved for failures.
That said, I am willing to extend a certain sort of aesthetic success to works that are so accidentally bad that they are good. There are, of course, works that endeavor to be good at being bad (such as the film "Black Dynamite"). These works can be assessed at how well they succeed at being good at what is attempted. Intentionally making a work that is good at being bad does open the possibility that the work could fail at being bad in such a way that makes it good in another way. But perhaps in that way lies madness.
Another approach to good badness can be used by drawing an analogy to junk food. Junk food is, by its nature, bad food. At least, it is bad food in terms of its nutritional value. However, people do rather like junk food and regard it as good in regards to how it tastes. The reverse holds for other types of food. For example, as a runner I have tried a wide variety of food products designed for athletes. While such food is often rather good in terms of its nutritional content, the taste is often rather bad (leading to my bad jokes about junk food and anti-junk food).
Going with the food analogy, some works that are so bad they are good could be rather like junk food. That is, they are deficient in what might be regarded as aesthetic nutritional value, yet have a certain tastiness-at least while they are being experienced. As with junk food, the after effects can be rather less pleasant. For example: for me, watching "True Blood" is like eating a mix of Cheetos and Oreo Cookies washed down with Mountain Dew. Somehow it is enjoyable while it is happening, but after it is done I wonder why the hell I did that...and I feel vaguely sick.
In such cases, I am willing to grant that such works have some sort of aesthetic value, much as I am willing to grant that junk food has some sort of value. However, the value does often seem rather dubious.
One counter to this is to contend that valuing "junk food" aesthetic value is just as big a mistake as valuing actual junk food. While a person might enjoy such experiences, she is making an error. In the case of food, she is making a poor nutritional choice that is masked by a pleasant taste. In the case of art, she is making a poor aesthetic choice, masked by a superficially pleasant experience.
It could be responded that a work might seem to be junk, but that it is actually better than it seems (or sounds, to steal from Twain). Going back to the food analogy, this could have some appeal. After all, food could be bad in one area (taste) but excel in another (nutrition). So, a food could actually be much better than it tastes. However, this sort of approach only works when the thing in question does actually have the capacity to be better than it seems.
In the case of aesthetic experiences it would certainly seem that a work cannot be better than it seems. After all, the aesthetic experience would be the seeming and it is exactly what it is. For example, consider a song that sounds awful. To claim it is better than it sounds would seem to be an error. After all, the song is what it sounds like and if it sounds bad, it is bad. There is nothing beyond the sound that could be appealed to in order to claim that it is better than it sounds. After all, it sounds what it sounds like. This is, of course, in contrast with many other things. For example, it makes sense to say of a wound that it looks worse than it is-the appearance (lots of blood, for example) is distinct from the seriousness of the wound. As another example, it makes sense to say that a car is better than it looks-it might look like a junker on the outside, but the engine might be brand new. Naturally, if it can be shown that art has these multiple aspects, then this matter could be properly addressed.
Before moving on, I must note that I am aware that a work of art can be good or bad in various aspects. For example, a song could have great lyrics, but be sung poorly. As another example, a film could have terrible special effects, but a brilliant story. This is, however, a different matter-in the above I am considering the aesthetic experience as a whole. To use an analogy, while a hamburger might have good cheese but a crappy burger, what would be considered is the overall experience of eating the hamburger.
Like other folks I know, I will sometimes indulge in watching a bad sci-fi/horror/fantasy movie that I recognize as being awful and hence prevents any appeal to the idea of good badness. As might be suspected, my colleague asked me why I would waste my time on bad movies that I actually admitted were bad.
My initial response was a somewhat practical one: there are only a limited number of good movies in those genres and when I get a craving for a genre, sometimes the only option is something bad. To use an analogy, this is like getting a craving for a certain food late at night and the only place that is open is rather bad. So, the only options are going without or going bad. In some cases, just as a bad burger is better than no burger, a bad film is better than no film. However, in other cases nothing is better than something bad.
My second response arose from conversations that my colleague and I had about running. While we are both runners, my colleague is the sort of runner who runs for himself and has no real interest in training for or competing in races. I am, however, very much into training and competition. In addition to enjoying the competition, I must admit that I enjoy the painful experience of hard training and running. That is, I obviously have some mild sort of masochism going on in this area which my colleague lacks.
This difference seems to extend beyond running and into aesthetics-I can actually enjoy suffering through a bad movie. Since I know other folks who are the same way, I believe that there is a certain aesthetic masochism that some people possess. I have not worked out a full theory of this, but given the volume of bad films and shows, this does seem like a promising area.
Test your aesthetic masochism on My Amazon Author Page.


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'Scent device' could help detect bladder cancer
- Date:
- July 8, 2013
- Source:
- University of Liverpool
- Summary:
- Researchers in the United Kingdom have built a device that can read odors in urine to help diagnose patients with early signs of bladder cancer.
- Share:
Researchers from the University of Liverpool and University of the West of England, (UWE Bristol), have built a device that can read odours in urine to help diagnose patients with early signs of bladder cancer.
There are currently no reliable biomarkers to screen patients for bladder cancer in the same way that there are for breast and cervical cancers. Previous research has suggested that a particular odour in the urine could be detected by dogs trained to recognise the scent, indicating that methods of diagnoses could be based on the smell of certain gases.
The team have now built a device, called ODOREADER ® that contains a sensor which responds to chemicals in gas emitted from urine. The device, constructed in the laboratories at UWE Bristol's Institute of Biosensor Technology, analyses this gas and produces a 'profile' of the chemicals in urine that can be read by scientists to diagnose the presence of cancer cells in the bladder.
Professor Chris Probert, from the University of Liverpool's Institute of Translational Medicine, explains: "Each year approximately 10,000 people in the UK are diagnosed with bladder cancer. It is a disease that, if caught early, can be treated effectively, but unfortunately we do not have any early screening methods other than diagnosis through urine tests at the stage when it starts to become a problem."
The device works by inserting a bottle containing the urine sample into the device. About 30 minutes later the ODOREADER® is capable of showing the diagnosis on the computer screen if the sample derives from a patient with bladder cancer.
Professor Norman Ratcliffe, from the Institute of Biosensor Technology at UWE Bristol, said: "It is thought that dogs can smell cancer, but this is obviously not a practical way for hospitals to diagnose the disease. Taking this principle, however, we have developed a device that can give us a profile of the odour in urine. It reads the gases that chemicals in the urine can give off when the sample is heated."
Professor Probert added: "We looked at 98 samples of urine to develop the device, and tested it on 24 patient samples known to have cancer and 74 samples that have urological symptoms, but no cancer. The device correctly assigned 100% of cancer patients.
"Bladder cancer is said to be the most expensive cancer to treat, due to repeated scopes to inspect the development of the cancer cells in the bladder. ODOREADER ® has the potential to dramatically cut these costs by preventing scopes.
"These results are very encouraging for the development of new diagnostic tools for bladder cancer, but we now need to look at larger samples of patients to test the device further before it can be used in hospitals."
The work, also in collaboration with Bristol Urological Institute, is published in the journal PLOS ONE.
Story Source:
Materials provided by University of Liverpool. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Journal Reference:
- Tanzeela Khalid, Paul White, Ben De Lacy Costello, Raj Persad, Richard Ewen, Emmanuel Johnson, Chris S. Probert, Norman Ratcliffe. A Pilot Study Combining a GC-Sensor Device with a Statistical Model for the Identification of Bladder Cancer from Urine Headspace. PLoS ONE, 2013; 8 (7): e69602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069602
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Soft Material - The artfully designed printed velour front makes this towel the perfect lounging companion.
Absorbent - These towels have a non-printed looped terry 460 GSM back that is made for optimal drying.
Functional - Features a drawcord loop for quick drying and is printed with a reactive dye that prevents fading over time.
Size - 34 x 64 in. | 86.36 x 162.56 cm.
Versatile - Perfect for the beach, pool, lake, hot springs or wherever your adventures take you.
Sustainable - Made from 100% sustainably sourced cotton.
Discover here our full Slowtide collection.


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Light Pink & White Polo Dress with buttons on the front.
GYMP - Light Pink & White Polo Dress
€49.95 Regular Price
€24.98Sale Price
Size Guide
The Anckaert family, have been active in textiles for more than fifty years. From Desselgem, grandma Anckaert's embroidery business grew into the GYMP brand, which has become a fixture in baby and children's clothing. Brothers and sister Geert, Jo (Yo!), Marianne and Pol, make high-quality children's clothing with West-Flemish ingenuity and passion.
With GYMP, it's party time every day.
With GYMP, your child stands out.
With GYMP, we turn your stars into Gorgeous Young Misters and Princesses.