text:
Rainbow Macrame Teether in Teal and Rose by Chewable Charm
$ 21.00
Modern + Boho Teether Collection
- Made with 100% organic cotton cord
- Organic beechwood teething ring
- Simply spot clean with soap and water and let it air dry. Do not soak wooden rings or place in the washer to clean. Do not submerge in water.
- Perfect for babies over 3 months+
Organic Beech Wood
- Wood is made from organic beech wood and is very, very smooth.
- Finished with organic Organic Coconut Oil. Re-apply as needed.
- Made with 100% organic cotton cord
Please Read:
*Adult supervision is required at all times. Discontinue use at first signs of wear. Buyer assumes all responsibility.*


text:
research question (seriously, it is)
One of my favorite people from the Fulbright program in India this summer is Dr. Michael Marcus, who teaches high school world history and anthropology. His project from this summer is on textiles and trade in Indian history. However, he has an increasing interest in Bollywood - and has even come up with the a bang-on description: "a strange combination of the kitsch and the socially and culturally meaningful" - and the two are beginning to overlap. (Bollywood overlaps with a lot of my life, I find, so I'm not at all surprised.)
Dr. Marcus has asked me the following question and wants readers' help.
Dr. Marcus has asked me the following question and wants readers' help.
I have had this strange fascination lately with Raj Kapoor, and on my "shemaroo" disc "showman of the millenium" (not too hyperbolic, eh?) there is a song from RK's old Barsaat called "Hawa Mein Udata Jayen," which is in the genre, I believe, of what is called a "Dupatta" or "Chunari" song. Now that means a piece of cloth imbued with lots of meaning, head covering, veil, married, unmarried, I don't know. I understand there is also the use of a song called "Chunari Chunari" in Monsoon Wedding which thanks to netflix I will be looking into soon. Anyway google searching the subject only turns up examples of the genre, no fuller description or explanation of what (I suspect) is the rich meaning lying underneath. So, could you possibly ask your readers to contribute info to me about this song type? and its appeal? its deeper meanings and how tie in to social customs, ritual and so on? are their issues of "unveiling" or removing taboos as well? Anyway, that's the idea.Can anyone help? Even if you don't want to post a comment, if you'd be willing to email me any ideas or leads, I will happily forward them on to him. Thank you!

subset: commoncrawl


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UK rollout of Moderna Covid-19 vaccine to start in Wales - what you need to know
The Moderna vaccine is the third vaccine to be approved for use in the UK, and it is set to be administered to patients in Wales from Wednesday (7 April).
The first doses will be given to patients at West Wales General Hospital in Carmarthen, according to the Welsh Government, adding that five thousand doses of the vaccine have been sent to vaccination centres in the Hywel Dda University Health Board area.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide AdThe UK's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency announced that the vaccine had been approved for use on 8 January.
'Another milestone in the fight against Covid-19'
Welsh Health Minister Vaughan Gething said: "This is another key milestone in our fight against the Covid-19 pandemic. A third vaccine for use in Wales significantly adds to our defences in the face of coronavirus and will help to protect our most vulnerable.
"Every vaccine given to someone in Wales is a small victory against the virus and we would encourage everyone to go for their vaccine when invited.
"If people cannot attend their appointment, we ask them to let the health board know via the contact details provided in their invitation as this vaccination slot can be offered to someone else rather than be wasted.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide Ad"Once you have been vaccinated, you should continue to follow guidance, staying two metres apart, washing your hands and wearing a face covering to protect those around you.
"I want to thank all those who have been working tirelessly to deliver the vaccine across Wales and will help us meet our second milestone of offering a vaccine to all phase one priority groups.
"I also want to thank the 1.5 million people in Wales that have already come forward for their vaccine and done their bit in this national effort."
'Incredibly lucky to have a third vaccine'
Ros Jervis, Director of Public Health for Hywel Dda University Health Board, added: "We're delighted to be able to use the Moderna vaccine for deployment across west Wales.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide Ad"We will be using this new vaccine, alongside Oxford AstraZeneca, to continue the vaccine roll out to our communities in Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire.
"We are incredibly lucky to have a third vaccine in Wales, with a long shelf life and the ability to be easily transported, to help deliver the vaccination programme to small clinics across our rural communities."
When will the Moderna vaccine be available across the rest of the UK?
A spokesperson for the Department of Health and Social Care said that the Moderna vaccine will be rolled out in England "as soon as possible this month".
Vaccines Minister Nadhim Zahawi said on Tuesday morning that it's set to be deployed "around the third week of April".
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide AdScottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said that the first batch of Moderna vaccines had arrived in Scotland on Monday.
Scotland is set to receive more than a million of the doses ordered by the UK, with the First Minister stating that they have already been factored into planning for the vaccination programme, which will be delivered over the coming months.
So far, there has not been any confirmation of when the Moderna rollout might begin in Northern Ireland.
How many doses of the Modern vaccine has the UK purchased?
The UK has bought 17 million doses of the Moderna jab, which is enough to fully vaccinate 8.5 million people as a full vaccination requires two jabs.
Hide AdAdvertisement
Hide AdPhase three results of the jab suggested that it held 94.1 per cent efficacy against Covid-19, and 100 per cent efficacy against severe Covid-19.
Health and Social Care Secretary Matt Hancock said that he was "delighted we can start the UK rollout of the Moderna vaccine in west Wales today".
He added: "The UK government has secured vaccines on behalf of the entire nation and the vaccination programme has shown our country working together at its best.
"Three out of every five people across the whole United Kingdom have received at least one dose, and today we start with the third approved vaccine. Where you live, when you get the call, get the jab."
A version of this article originally appeared on our sister site National World


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October 4, 2005
Day 6
It was a long day. I had to get up at 6:00 AM to meet up with the rest of the people for my trek. After being up late the last several nights, getting up at sunrise was really rough. There was good news, though. I thought I was going to have to take my big backpack for the trip because one of the shoulder straps on my daypack ripped apart on my flight to Peru. I took it to a tailor the night before, but I didn't think I'd be able to pick it up in time. However, not only was the tailor awake, but he had fixed my backpack, and he only charged me 1 Sol (30 cents) for the privilege.
After throwing a few items in my newly-fixed daypack and putting together a bag for the donkeys to carry, I headed out to the tour agency to meet everyone and get our gear together. The tour would consist of seven people besides me:
Morad, from France, who had been traveling with me to this point
Erik, from France, who is currently living in Australia, but thinks he is Bolivian
Mickey, from Israel, who despite not speaking Spanish has an uncanny ability to bargain for everything from this trip to a night's stay in a hostel
Benjamin, from Germany, who will be returning to Berlin soon to continue studying electrical engineering
Carolina, from Switzerland, who has been traveling around the Americas for over a year
Gregorio, our quiet 18 year old guide
Our donkey man
Everyone in the group was traveling independently, which made it easy to get to know each other. Also, everyone except me spoke at least three languages, so I'm pretty sure they were all talking about me in French or German behind my back the whole time.
To start our trip from Huaraz, we rode a typical Peruvian bus for an hour to a small town where we ate breakfast. No sooner than we had gotten there, Benjamin was nowhere to be found. It turned out that he had just gotten into Huaraz that morning and hadn't gotten a chance to do such essential things as go to the bathroom or use the Internet. Morad went looking for him, but then he didn't come back. One by one, people kept disappearing. It was like one of those cheesy horror movies from the '80s where the killer just sat back and waited for people to leave the main group. I decided to stay put. After finally getting everyone rounded up, we ate sandwiches with beef and onions at eight in the morning, and took off in another bus.
Most Peruvian buses aren't buses as we know them in the US. They are really just ten-passenger vans that are not made for people more than five feet tall. I counted thirteen people in our bus for the majority of our trip, but I was told that it would take twenty people to meet the Peruvian definition of "full."
We rode the bus for three hours. The majority of the trip was up a mountain. There were no guardrails on the narrow gravel road, so I got a little freaked out at times. Everyone else seemed calm, though, so it was probably a safe road, at least relatively speaking. The road kept twisting and turning up the mountain, slowly but surely. Along the way, we passed a majestic lagoon and some of the most beautiful scenery I had ever seen, but we never stopped. I was told that the bus driver was in a hurry. The way the road wound up the mountain, I kept seeing the same scenery over and over, smaller and smaller. Finally, we got to the top of the mountain and began our descent. We had to go back down the other side of the mountain for thirty minutes until we reached the start of our trek.
After the three hour bus ride, we arrived at Vaqueria, our starting point. The only problem was that our donkeys had not yet arrived. This tour already seemed very unorganized. I guess that's what you get for going the cheap route. We ended up waiting for over an hour before being able to depart. Why were we in such a hurry to get there that we couldn't even stop to take a few pictures?
The first few hours of the trek took us through several native villages. There were people doing laundry, farmers working in fields, local children following us, and of course lots of animals being herded. It was very interesting to see how the native farmers go about their daily lives.
After walking across rivers, through forests, around lagoons, and past mountains, we arrived at our camp. We walked for a total of four hours. The walk itself wasn't very difficult, but there was little daylight left when we got to camp. That's when I really noticed how disorganized the tour was.
With dark setting in and the temperature quickly dropping to below freezing, our guide and donkey guy worked quickly to get the tents set up and cook dinner. The only problem was that they didn't have a flashlight, a pocket knife, a scissors, or enough silverware for everyone. We had to stand around with our flashlights and give them enough light to cook. There also were no chairs, so we had to eat on the ground.
Despite the few problems I had with the lack or organization, I still enjoyed my day. I saw some of the most beautiful scenery I have ever seen, and I got to enjoy getting away from civilization for awhile. The group was still in good spirit going into day two, which would prove to be the toughest day of the trip.
The complete photo album for this entry is here.


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I tried to post this to Steam, but unfortunately it seems their system can't handle one more negative No Man's Sky review, so I'm posting it here instead.
I've liked the idea of No Man's Sky since I first saw the incredible teaser trailer. Unlike lots of other people though, I didn't get too hyped up after that. I came to the game ready to accept whatever it was, with no preconceptions based on whatever the developer may or may not have promised. I'd been told it was slow, and chilled out, with an emphasis on exploration... and that sounded fine to me. So I finally picked it up.
First impressions: WOW. What a beautiful game! I'm immediately in love. The first two hours I loved exploring the planet I'd been placed on. Yes, the drones that are constantly pestering you seem a bit annoying, and the resource collecting wasn't fun, but I was too enamoured with how cool it looked and felt to care. I felt like I was walking around in my own private Ralph McQuarrie painting.
I was excited to uncover mysterious things around the planet, from base camps to ancient relics that taught me the language of the aliens I encountered. I wanted to explore everything, unlock everything, learn everything.
The next day I eagerly booted up the game to get back to where I was, except now I found the initial sheen had faded. Yes, the game was still beautiful, but I found I needed more for it to be fun. For the next three hours I found myself, not just disliking, but actively hating the game.
I have no idea what people think they were promised in terms of features, and I really don't care about that. This game isn't fun because it's lacking in features, it's no fun because it's completely unbalanced. Imagine playing MineCraft except you're constantly running out of space to store the ore you mine. And there's annoying drones that follow you around everywhere and attack you. And there's randomly generated plants that attack you as you walk past them. And the interface gets in the way of everything you try to do.
None of this is fun, it's all irritating.
What pleasure there is in No Man's Sky comes from doing what it is clearly at its core: Exploring beautiful alien landscapes with progressively more advanced technology. That's it. The rest of the features of the game feels like an attempt at making it more interesting by inserting annoyances. Yes, annoyances.
Let's talk about each one in turn:
As you wander about exploring, every planet in the entire universe has these little drones that may attack you and pull in their friends until you're overwhelmed. The good part is that you can usually ignore them, or jetpack away from them, the bad part is that they actively get in the way of what's fun about NMS: Exploring beautiful alien landscapes.
These digital gnats are the present and the same on every planet. Who owns them? What do they do? Why are they present everywhere, even planets you're supposedly discovering for the first time? Aside from being annoying pests that are NO FUN to fight, they actively homogenise the galaxy. The beautiful alien planets are little less special, a little less alien, because wherever you go... there they are. The exact same annoying drones. ON EVERY SINGLE PLANET.
The same can be said for the tentacled plants that attack you as you walk past them. You discover a weird alien planet that, literally, no other player has ever seen before... and there's the same plants that are on every other planet. Why? Because the developers thought the player needed some sort of challenge? They're not challenging, they're annoying, and they damage your immersion in the atmosphere it's trying to create.
One of the best things about NMS is the beautiful imagery, the fact that each planet is a little bit different. You can wander over a hill and find a genuinely beautiful vista, or into a cave filled with glowing wonders. Make no mistake, this is a game where its beauty is a big selling point. Exploration of beautiful things is basically what this game excels at, and does better than any other game. Unfortunately it seems only half the dev team got this memo. The aliens and base camps that populate every planet are ugly, dull and almost entirely the same!
Again, the atmosphere this game is trying to create; the exploration of infinitely different planets, is damaged by this bland design choice. There's no diversity or anything interesting about what you discover.
On top of this, the camps themselves are ugly. I want to discover encampments that look as different and interesting as the rest of the alien planet. And I don't want to fly into a space station only to discover that internally it looks the same as every base camp on every planet. It's soul crushing, and it makes me hate this game.
If you want me to chill out and enjoy exploring things, dev team, then give me things that are worth exploring. Make me feel there's something new to discover. Not just a single alien sat in a room on their own who will give me an item when I talk to them.
Imagine a version of MineCraft where you're constantly having to return home to store TINY amount of the resources you need. Only to discover that, even at home, you can barely store enough. In NMS you're constantly having to keep topping up resources instead of being able to stockpile what you've taken the time to plunder.
By limiting the player so severely on what they can carry, the game actively pushes against you exploring. Once again it seem to be unsure of what it wants to be: Everything about the core experience of the game is exploration, and everything that's been tacked on that core is pushes against you being able to enjoy it.
Having the patience and temperament to explore a planet and mine it to oblivion is actually punished. Every trip around a planet consumes so much energy that you're constantly having top up fuel, leaving little time or space in your inventory, to do much else. This means that even taking the time to explore and mine feels unrewarding.
As the game is so heavy on trying to push you towards resource management, you'd think at least that aspect of the game could be enjoyable. Nope, the user interface makes EVERYTHING you have to do a chore. And a confusing and messy one at that.
Why can't the progress through this game be more clearly sign-posted? Why can't it clearly and succinctly explain what everything is? Why can't it make the chore of upgrading and resource management less of a chore? Upgrading technology is confusing and again, there's little sense of reward.
Other sections of the UI are just as bad. It literally gives me a headache just thinking about it. Consider how you earn credits for "uploading" the name of every planet, creature and outpost you discover. Instead of making this a pleasurable experience that feels rewarding for having collected so many items, the game forces you to manually upload each one INDIVIDUALLY.
This tedious task sums up everything that's wrong about the UI perfectly, and maybe even the game itself: Nothing, except the core exploration of planets, is pleasurable to do... and the game does everything it can to even make that unpleasurable.
The game is beautiful to look at... and it should be beautiful to play. Unfortunately it's almost like a bunch of extremely average developers were handed a piece of genius planet-building technology. If only the beauty of its core technology extended to the rest of the game experience.
The developers can add bases, space battles, online play, virtual poker, whatever other features the moany public insists this game is supposed to have, but it's never actually going to be fun to play until they fix the turgid, bland, unrewarding core experience.


text:
Item no.: 20-60222-21
Tabletop type C.
Size 120×60 cm.
Electric height adjustment 60-90 cm.
Tabletops with infinity tilting 0-71° have a integrated steel plate.
Standard colour is light grey.
Can be delivered in six different colours.
No 2D drawings available
No 3D drawings available
Technical data
Max. load capacity: 100 kg
Max. load capacity (tiltable tabletop): 30 kg
Height: 50-70 or 60-90 cm
Depth: 60 or 90 cm
Width: 90 or 120 cm
Inner width: 80 or 110 cm
Standard colour tabletop: light grey
(can be delivered in 6 different colours)
Frame colour: silver grey
Vision Table Electric is a height adjustable and elegant table designed for visually impaired and people with mobility difficulties. The table has a range of features that make it very disability friendly. It is a table suitable for both work, school, play, and training.
The tables are available in different shapes and sizes and in two different heights. This means you can almost always find a table that matches your needs.
Our tables are developed with state-of-the-art welfare technology. The reason is it makes the users more independent and improves their quality of life. It also gives the helpers get a better work environment with minimum physical strain.
Vision Table Electric is an ergonomic table that supports the body for a balanced sitting position. This makes it an optimum table for both user and helper.
For tabletop depth 60 cm
Easy-touch tactile switches to be placed on tabletop
Extra support - can easily be fitted and adjusted Incl. bag and hook Max. load capacity 25 kg per arm
Extra support - can easily be fitted and adjusted Incl. bag and hook Max. load capacity 25 kg per arm
Increase height by 8 cm - tabletop depth 60 cm
Magnestic - keeps the newspaper etc. in place
Without height increase - tabletop depth 60 cm
Magnestic - keeps the newspaper etc. in place
For tabletop depth 60 cm


text:
It's meant to be used with either LM3S3748 (USB device/host) or LM3S6938 (Ethernet), but it will probably work with other models as well, because most of them have similar pinouts.
The design is based on the schematics of evaluation boards for LM3S3748 and LM3S6965.
My board with LM3S6938 (left) and LM3S748. |
The boards were manufactured in 3 days, and shipping via airmail took less than two weeks.
There are some stories about how they mess up boards sometimes, but I don't see any problems with mine, even though I used thin 8 mil traces.
Here is a scan of both sides of the board.
Here is the board in Eagle CAD format:
The zip file also contains the schematics of an add-on board required for attaching an ethernet socket to the board.


text:
Stress at Work
Learn some helpful tips in this guide to help you lessen your stress on the job.
While stress is part of any work related issues, excessive stress is not part of it. When you are stressed, you are not only a magnet to all types of sicknesses; you are also invoking liability and inefficiency. This is because, when you are physically and emotionally imbalanced, your ability to deal with things is less effective and your resistance to sickness is also low.
The question is how are you going to eliminate stress at work? There are many ways to reduce stress and most of it uses a personal level of approach.
In This Book, You Will Learn:
- Stress At Work Basics
- What Causes Stress At Work
- Learn To Delegate
- Bring Some Nature Into The Office
- Make Sure To Take Breaks
And so much more!
There are no reviews yet.
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.


text:
Desktop Llano Motherboards: The ASRock A75 Extreme6 Preview
by Ian Cutress on June 14, 2011 12:00 AM EST- Posted in
- Motherboards
- ASRock
- Llano
It's been a while since we've discussed AMD motherboards at AnandTech—over the next few months, I am hoping to bring them back. To start, we have our first Desktop Llano product on the test bed—the ASRock A75 Extreme6. Unfortunately, what I've been testing is still 'a work in progress'—so there are issues with the BIOS and design still to be decided. For now I'll let you know what I've found, in terms of performance and design. But when the full board comes my way with release information, I'll post a full review.
The desktop Llano series is the mainstream jewel in the AMD calendar. As Anand has discussed, the Fusion APU architecture of AMDs plan is split between the Brazos platform (with Ontario and Zacate) of sub 18W processors with Bobcat cores, and the Lynx platform (with Llano) for 25-100W processors. The former has 1-2 Bobcat cores, whereas with Llano we're dealing with 2-4 K10 cores.
In terms of motherboard design, the Llano processors absorb any form of Northbridge, and the motherboard will use a series of 'Fusion Controller Hubs', codename Hudson. The desktop version will use the Hudson-D series Fusion Controller Hubs, with the A75 Desktop 'Lynx' models under the Hudson-D3 header. The main selling points will be the six native SATA 6 Gbps ports and the four native USB 3.0 ports.
The Lynx platform comes up with some interesting points: hybrid CrossfireX with any 6-series GPU and the APU, native USB 3.0 and SATA 6 Gbps, and dual channel DDR3-1866 native support. Here's some comparisons with P67:
Hudson-D3 | P67 | |
Codename | Lynx (Desktop) | Sandy Bridge |
SATA 6 Gbps + 3 Gbps | 6 + 0 | 2 + 4 |
Memory Support | DDR3-1866 | DDR3-1333 / 2133 OC |
PCIe | 16x or 8x/8x | 16x or 8x/8x |
Display Output |
VGA + 1 dedicated / 4 shared (HDMI/DVI/DP) from APU |
FIS-Based Switching | No | Yes |
Overclocking | Clock | Multiplier |
For displays, two four-lane interfaces are dedicated for Display Port 1.1, DVI and HDMI—but various combinations aren't possible:
AMD are keen to point out the power consumption curves generated by the gating of the processor and system, depending on various sleep states—citing a one second recovery from S3.
But alas, most of the hype regarding Fusion and Llano is CPU based. In terms of the motherboard, it's up to the designers to get creative, so let's take a look at the ASRock A75 Extreme6.
43 Comments
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marc1000 - Tuesday, June 14, 2011 - link
this is exactly what NEEDED to be done! now we will sum money & performance from APU + GPU, I guess this could be a very interesting thing for the consumer, if it shows proper scaling! -
JarredWalton - Tuesday, June 14, 2011 - link
Hopefully it works better than on the notebook I tested!
http://www.anandtech.com/show/4444/12 -
marc1000 - Tuesday, June 14, 2011 - link
well, I was just reading these articles, but after your results, I believe "hope" is the best word to use on the launch of anything amd-branded this year. it was AMD/Ati fierce competition that led the market to the performance race we all love (with the unsuspected launch of Athlon64 and R300 on the perfect time-frame, some years ago).
anyway, I hope AMD can deliver as much as possible (with Llano and Bulldozer), because this market needs competition. -
yyrkoon - Wednesday, June 15, 2011 - link
I wonder whats up with those USB3 times there Jarred. Nearly a minute to copy only 1.52GB worth of data ? Granted, it is a mix of large, and small files, but I think the ExpressCard USB3 adapter, and external USB3 enclosure I have here does better than that. That, and the setup I have I view as slow. At the very least, I am unhappy with it.
Seems to me though, that with USB3, and GbE performing the way they do. That something else is afoot, and perhaps this is the best we're going to see for a while. Whats up with that ? -
yyrkoon - Wednesday, June 15, 2011 - link
Well actually I shouldn't say I am completely unhappy with USB3. It is faster for single large files. Say in the size of around 700MB to around 1.2 GB in size. 10-15 second copies isn't too terrible. Also, I needed an external enclosure to put my desktop SATA drives into while not using my desktop. Pretty much a no brainer considering the enclosure cost was not more than the cost of a decent USB2 enclosure. Then, $24 for an ExpressCard adapter was no huge deal.
Still, while I did not expect 10x speed like advertisers are spouting everywhere. I did expect more.
So, what exactly is the bottleneck ? -
peterfares - Friday, June 17, 2011 - link
The hard drives are the bottleneck, not USB3. -
knedle - Tuesday, June 14, 2011 - link
Actually I had an AM3 motherboard that used hybrid crossfire, but it didn't work as you expect it to work (and lets be honest, I was also disappointed).
In my case I was hoping that I can crossfire my onboard GPU, with GPU I have in PCIE card, but in reality it just allowed me to switch dynamically from onboard GPU, to expansion card when needed. -
Galcobar - Tuesday, June 14, 2011 - link
Noticed in the comparison chart on the first page the Display Output line refers to "VGA + 1 dedicated/4 shared (HDMI/DVI/DP) from APU" under Sandy Bridge. I could have sworn APU was the preferred term for AMD's Fusion setup. -
IanCutress - Tuesday, June 14, 2011 - link
My apologies, I turned that part of the table the wrong way round compared to my original notes for some reason. Many thanks for spotting it.
Ian -
lamonf - Tuesday, June 14, 2011 - link
from your own test :
core i5 2500K = 100%
and because core i3 is a dual core :
core i3 = 50%
You (anand) lack something and you are a one legged biped, mostly the Intel's one ;)


text:
This summary of the book of Nahum provides information about the title, author(s), date of writing, chronology, theme, theology, outline, a brief overview, and the chapters of the Book of Nahum.
The book contains the "vision of Nahum" (1:1), whose name means "comfort" and is related to the name Nehemiah, meaning "The Lord comforts" or "comfort of the Lord." (Nineveh's fall, which is Nahum's theme, would bring comfort to Judah.) Nothing is known about him except his hometown (Elkosh), and even its general location is uncertain.
In 3:8-10 the author speaks of the fall of Thebes, which happened in 663 b.c., as already past. In all three chapters Nahum prophesied Nineveh's fall, which was fulfilled in 612. Nahum therefore uttered this oracle between 663 and 612, perhaps near the end of this period since he represents the fall of Nineveh as imminent (2:1; 3:14,19). This would place him during the reign of Josiah and make him a contemporary of Zephaniah and the young Jeremiah.
Assyria (represented by Nineveh, 1:1) had already destroyed Samaria (722-721 b.c.), resulting in the captivity of the northern kingdom of Israel, and posed a present threat to Judah. The Assyrians were brutally cruel, their kings often being depicted as gloating over the gruesome punishments inflicted on conquered peoples. They conducted their wars with shocking ferocity, uprooted whole populations as state policy and deported them to other parts of their empire. The leaders of conquered cities were tortured and horribly mutilated before being executed (see note on 3:3). No wonder the dread of Assyria fell on all her neighbors!
About 700 b.c. King Sennacherib made Nineveh the capital of the Assyrian empire, and it remained the capital until it was destroyed in 612. Jonah had announced its destruction earlier (Jnh 3:4), but the people put on at least a show of repentance and the destruction was temporarily averted (see Jnh 3:10 and note). Not long after that, however, Nineveh reverted to its extreme wickedness, cruelty and pride. The brutality reached its peak under Ashurbanipal (669-627), the last great ruler of the Assyrian empire. After his death, Assyria's influence and power waned rapidly until 612, when Nineveh was overthrown (see notes on 1:14; 2:1). (Further historical information is given in notes throughout the book.)
Some words are addressed to Judah (see 1:12-13,15), but most are addressed to Nineveh (see 1:11,14; 2:1,13; 3:5-17,19) or its king (3:18). The book, however, was meant for Israelite readers living in Judah.
The contents are primarily made up of judgment oracles, with appropriate descriptions and vocabulary, expressing intense moods, sights and sounds. The language is poetic, with frequent use of metaphors and similes, vivid word pictures, repetition and many short -- often staccato -- phrases (see, e.g., 3:1-3). Rhetorical questions punctuate the flow of thought, which has a marked stress on moral indignation toward injustice.
The focal point of the entire book is the Lord's judgment on Nineveh for her oppression, cruelty, idolatry and wickedness. The book ends with the destruction of the city.
According to Ro 11:22, God is not only kind but also stern. In Nahum, God is not only "slow to anger" (1:3) and "a refuge . . . for those who trust in him" (1:7), but also one who "will not leave the guilty unpunished" (1:3). God's righteous and just kingdom will ultimately triumph, for kingdoms built on wickedness and tyranny must eventually fall, as Assyria did.
In addition, Nahum declares the universal sovereignty of God. God is Lord of history and of all nations; as such, he controls their destinies.
From the NIV Study Bible, Introductions to the Books of the Bible, Nahum
Copyright 2002 © Zondervan. All rights reserved. Used with permission.


text: Picasso Marble is found in Beaver, Utah. The shells from small ancient sea creatures became limestone. Later lava flows would cover the limestone and the metamorphosis would create A very colorful marble, that looked somewhat like Pablo Picasso's paintings. Hens the name. This marble has great colors such as pink, yellow and tan. That contrast with other colors, such as black, brown, gray, and white. This material makes pictures that resemble twilight forest scenes. These scenes often lead people to call this material Jasper but it is marble. It is a relatively soft stone between 4-5 on the mohs scale of hardness. So it's not a good choice for rings. However it does polish easily with a buff wheel and Zam or Fabulustre. So rings are not totally off limits. This Pendant is 29x32mm (1.15"x 1.26") Chain not included.


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In a typical day, you often not only advise students, but serve as a parental voice when the going gets tough in school, much like a therapist does when students struggle socially and as a career counselor does for students who don't know which health profession they want to pursue. You work tirelessly to set up your advisees for success and mentor them through one of the toughest and most stressful parts of their lives so far: applying to health professions programs. You support them, motivate them and push them to be better students, and to become the professionals who will eventually serve the public as our health practitioners—including the next generation of dentists and allied dental professionals.
As a health professions advisor, you wear many hats. You are probably advising for multiple health professions, involved in mentoring student groups and have lots of different letters of evaluation to write.
The dental profession is growing, and the field is one that draws motivated, intelligent and creative students toward a stable service-oriented career. And with population growth, changes in health care law and the upcoming retirement of a large group of dentists educated during the 1960s and 1970s, the need for new dentists is rapidly increasing. Now more than ever, it is important to encourage a diverse group of students to apply to dental school in order to meet the evolving oral health needs of a diverse society.
We recognize how hard you work to help your students fulfill their dreams, and the role that you play in molding the future of oral health services. We want to provide you with information to help you advise your students interested in going to dental school. In this section you will find information about the application to dental school, the dental profession, and guides on how to best assist your students throughout the application process.
The ADEA AADSAS Health Professions Advisor Portal helps you to counsel and guide your students through the application process, by allowing you to track your students' progress within the application.
Additionally, you can create reports that demonstrate your institution's success in helping students get into dental school, and you can use the metrics the portal provides to inform your plans for advising students in subsequent application cycles.
Advisors for current applicants: log in to the Universal Advisor Portal. Read the Universal Advisor Portal User Guide for detailed instructions for creating a new account.
*If there are any additional topics you would like this section to cover, please contact the ADEA GoDental team.
The ADEA AADSAS® application opens in mid-May!
Why should you encourage your students to pursue dentistry?
Check out this ADEA AADSAS® snapshot for key application information.
The 2023-2024 ADEA Official Guide to Dental Schools is now available!
Check out these tips to help your students apply.
What should I do now to start preparing for dental school?


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Happy holidays! I've been to the Midwest for a week and back again, but the season's festivities are not over yet. Tomorrow a crew of friends and I are headed to a West Virginia cabin to x-country ski, hot tub, play music, make delicious food, and hold our annual micropong winter classic tournament! I'm packing my sweaters and tarot cards and fiddle and ski boots and praying for snow.
One celebration that's become a marker of winter for me is the annual party at my friend Bradley's house, "The Urban Homestead," in Brentwood, Maryland. There's always great food, a well-stocked bar, an outdoor bonfire, music jams, and a living room square dance. This year, Bradley and her housemate Pete bought the house (or the homestead) they'd been renting for years, so there was an additional reason to celebrate. I'd been battling a nasty cold, but pulled it together to make it to the party and bring along this Peanut Cocoa Banana Cream Pie to add to the dessert table.
You may recall the Pumpkin & Chai Spice Nut Butter Pie I made last month, using nut butter from Durham, North Carolina's Big Spoon Roasters. This recipe uses their Peanut Cocoa Butter as a base for the filling, and is topped with fresh bananas in a graham cracker crust. It's essentially the same recipe as this Peanut Butter Banana Cream Pie, but with an exceptional chocolate, honey, coconut oil, and sea salt infused peanut butter. If you really wanted to take it up another level, you could add this chocolate ganache, but I think it's already plenty rich. For further variations, try substituting a peanut, Oreo, or pretzel crust.
This Elvis pie spin-off was a fast mover at the Christmas party-- only a few graham cracker crumbs remained when I went to collect the pie dish at the end of the night. For more information on where to find Big Spoon Roasters fantastic handcrafted nut butters (all of which would be good in a pie), visit their website, where you can also place an order to have a jar or two delivered to your door.
Big Spoon Roasters Peanut Cocoa Banana Cream Pie
Adapted From Nancie McDermott's Southern Pies
For crust:
1 1/2 c. graham cracker crumbs
5 Tblsp. unsalted butter
1 Tblsp. sugar
1/4 tsp. salt
For filling:
12 oz. cream cheese, softened
3/4 c. confectioner's sugar
2 Tblsp. whole milk
2 c. heavy whipping cream
3 bananas, sliced into 1/4-1/2 in. slices
1. Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Pour graham cracker crumbs in a bowl and add melted butter, sugar, and salt until well mixed.
2. Pat the buttery crumbs into a 9-inch pie pan, pressing mixture into the bottom and sides to form a pie crust. Place in oven and bake until crust is lightly browned, about 10-12 minutes. Place on a cooling rack and let cool to room temperature before adding the filling.
For filling:
1. In the bowl of an electric mixer, combine cream cheese, confectioner's sugar, and peanut butter, beating until fluffy. Add the milk and the peanuts and mix well until incorporated.
2. In another bowl, using an electric mixer if desired, beat whipping cream until it becomes thick and holds medium-stiff peaks. Gently fold the whipped cream into the peanut butter mixture until well combined.
3. Add a layer of sliced bananas (about 1 1/2 bananas) to the bottom of the pie crust and pour the filling on top. Add the remaining bananas on top of the filling, around the edge of the pie. Cover pie and refrigerate at least 2 hours before serving.
Related recipes:


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The Truth About Buying a Home: You DON'T Need 20% Down
In a recent survey, How America Views Homeownership, it was revealed that 68% of Americans feel that now is a good time to buy a home and 95%said they want to own a home if they don't already.
Franklin Codel, head of Wells Fargo home mortgageproduction, explains:
"Although the home buying process has changed in many ways in recent years, our survey found Americans still view homeownership as an achievement to be proud of and many believe that now is a good time to buy a home."
Confusion Creates Paralysis
However, the survey also reported that many are afraid to purchase a home because of uncertainty about "qualifying for a mortgage or navigating the home buying process". Though 74% said they "know and understand" the financial process involved in buying a home, they also gave answers that suggest otherwise. For example:
- 30% of respondents believe that only individuals with high incomes can obtain a mortgage
- 64% of respondents believe they must have a "very good" credit score to buy a home
- 44% believe that a 20% down payment is required
In actuality many of these beliefs are unfounded. Let's look at the question of down payment:
Freddie Mac, in a recent blog post addressing the issue, confirmed that there is misinformation regarding the amount necessary when determining the down payment for a home purchase:
"Did you know 40 percent of today's homebuyers using mortgage financing are making down payments that are less than 10 percent? And how about this: since 2010, the number of people putting down less than 10 percent for conventional loans has grown three fold. So, not only are low down payment options real, they represent a significant portion of today's purchases."
In a separate Executive Perspectives, Christina Boyle, Freddie Mac's VP and Head of Single-Family Sales & Relationship Management explained further:
- A person "can get a conforming, conventional mortgage with a down payment of as little as 5 percent (sometimes with as little as 3 percent coming out of their own pockets)".
- Qualified borrowers can further reduce the down payment coming out of their own pockets to 3 percent by lining up gifts from family, grants or loans from non-profits or public agencies.
Education is the Key
Boyle talked about the importance of educating potential buyers:
"Letting more consumers know how down payments are determined could bring more qualified borrowers off the sidelines. Depending on their credit history and other factors, many borrowers can expect to make a down payment of about 5 or 10 percent."
Codel agreed:
"It is important for prospective homebuyers to feel empowered to ask lenders and real estate agents questions about available options, such as down payment assistance or FHA loan programs or VA loans for veterans."
Bottom Line
If you are saving for either your first home or that perfect move-up dream house, make sure you know all your options. You may be pleasantly surprised.
Members: Sign in now to set up your Personalized Posts & start sharing today!
Not a Member Yet? Click Here to learn more about KCM's newest feature, Personalized Posts. |


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As a substitute for the long-promised FAQ on names and as a supplement to the section "Names" in the general JewishGen FAQ by Warren Blatt, here are some of my earlier JewishGen messages on the subject. I hope that I will be able to write a proper FAQ.
The messages appear in chronological order. I have numbered them and have compiled a short index with links to the messages which deal with a particular issue. If your browser does not jump to the correct section, move the cursor past the index and then search for the section number (with the # sign).
Except for occasional cuts, I have not edited the messages. In particular, I have not tried to remove repetitions and redundancies. Most of the messages are replies to other postings and contain quotes from them. For practical reasons, I have not deleted the names of the authors, but I want to emphasize that my criticisms should in no way be taken as personal attacks.
Please note that the material in this file is copyright (and not ready for publication) and may therefore not be reproduced in any form without my permission.
(d) Animal names as family names (Dan Leeson, 30 Jan 1994 09:23:55 -0800) DL> Henno Zelis of the Netherlands reminds us that [... in 1811] DL> some Jews did take animal names. DL> This was also true in Germany (or at least in Baden) as name DL> changes became obligatory there. Such common Jewish names DL> include "bear," "eagle" (Adler), "wolf," etc. There are two major sources for such names, and there is nothing derogatory about them (cf. Gerhard Kessler, Die Familiennamen der Juden in Deutschland, Leipzig 1935; Benzion C. Kaganoff, A Dictionary of Jewish Names and their History, New York 1977): (1) Certain animals are traditionally associated with common Hebrew first names. (In part, these associations are based on Jacob's blessings for his sons, Bereshit 49.) The German words for these animals were used as secular first names (Hebrew "kinnui") and often became family names, e.g. Judah - Loew, Loeb, etc; Spanish Leon 'lion' Issachar - Baer, Beer, Berl, Perl, etc. 'bear' Naphtali - Hirsch, Herz(l), etc.; Slavic Jellin(ek) 'deer' Asher - Lamm, etc. 'lamb' Ephraim - Fisch(el), etc. 'fish' Joseph - Stier; Ochs 'bull; ox' Benjamin - Wolf, Wulf, etc.; Spanish Lopez 'wolf' Joshua - Falk, Falik, etc. 'falcon' Jona - Taube, Teuber, etc. 'dove' (2) In some old cities, notably Frankfurt/Main and Prague, houses were identified by signs which often depicted animals; the inhabitants later adopted these house names as family names (Rothschild 'red sign, shield' being the most famous). Examples: Adler 'eagle' Gans, Ganz 'goose' Hahn 'cock' Hecht 'pike' Lamm 'lamb' Rindskopf 'cow-head' Several of the "kinnui" names in (1) are also attested as house names, e.g. Falk, Lamm, Ochs. Fuchs 'fox' may be based either on a house name or on a nickname for red-haired (or perhaps sly) people; Kaganoff also mentions that "rabbis in Poland in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries wore a special garb with a fox-lined outer garment, and when names were given out this may have influenced the selection" (p. 153). DL> For those unable to purchase a fancy name (such as "Diamond" or DL> "Rosenberg" or "Rosenbloom"), the naming authorities might play DL> an awful trick by giving these people names such as gallows-rope DL> (Galgenstrich) or donkey-head (Eselkopf). This is something that seems to have happened in Galicia - but in liberal Baden?? (Kaganoff, p. 23, fails to differentiate here.) BTW, the correct spellings are "Galgenstrick" (with final k) and "Eselskopf". The latter might also be a house name (cf. "Rindskopf" above). The supposedly fancy name "Diamant" may have been given to someone involved in the diamond trade, and many of the family names with "Rosen-" could be derived from (or patterned on) place names; Rosenberg, Rosenfeld, Rosengarten, Rosent(h)al and others are quite common in German-speaking areas. Another source of the Jewish family names with "Rosen-" might be the female name "Rose" (the mother's name, presumably) to which something was added; the frequent occurrence of "Blum(en)-", "Gold(e)-" etc. may be explained similarly. Moreover, such names were common in non- Jewish circles, too (just remember Rosencrantz and Guildenstern). In other words, many Jewish family names can have a variety of origins so that we must be careful with generalizations.
There are quite a few books on Jewish family names; apart from Beider, Alexander: A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from the Russian Empire. Teaneck/NJ: Avotaynu 1993 there is a new dictionary I haven't seen yet (any opinions on it?): Guggenheimer, Heinrich W. & Eva: Jewish Family Names and their Origins: An Etymological Dictionary. Hoboken/NJ: Ktav 1992. Much less expensive is: Kaganoff, Benzion C.: A Dictionary of Jewish Names and their History. New York: Schocken 1977 (ISBN 0-8052-0643-4 pb) In 1992, CCAR Press, Dept. 3, 192 Lexington Ave., New York, NY 10016, Tel. (212) 684-4990, sold it at $2.95 (yes, two dollars and ninety-five cents) +15% s&h! (Prepayment by Visa, MasterCard, check or money order required. I don't know whether the offer is still valid; if it is, JGSs should consider bulk orders - s&h was free on orders over $50.) A comprehensive list of older books and articles can be found in: Singerman, Robert: Jewish and Hebrew Onomastics: A Bibliography. New York: Garland 1977
[Quoting David Chapin, message of 1 Feb 94 13:55:54 CST:] DC> A superb book about the subject is Rabbi Gorr's book on names. I can't DC> recall the title, but it was published in 1993 by AVOTAYNU. He discusses DC> the tribal linkage between the names and the reasons behind them, etc. The reference is: Gorr, R. Shmuel: Jewish Personal Names: Their Origin, Derivation and Diminutive Forms. Teaneck/NJ: Avotaynu 1992, xv+112 pp. The title is somewhat misleading: R. Gorr z"l lists first names (with lots of variants), but mentions family names only when they are derived from first names. R. Gorr creates the impression of being knowledgeable in matters of linguistics and phonetics, but unfortunately he is not. On p. xi, he gives a phonetic classification of consonants which is highly unsatisfactory - worst of all, he fails to distinguish between sounds and letters (a "capital crime" in the eyes of any linguist). The same applies to various other statements, e.g. "as there is no aspirant H in the Russian alphabet, the nearest is the G" (p. 38); cf. my "Re: Novogrudok (& Slavic Linguistics)" of 30 Jan 1994. His classification of names as "Teutonic", "German", "Old High German", "Yiddish" etc. is also somewhat strange, and so are many of his remarks on sound changes. R. Gorr doesn't give exact references (e.g. "there are some who claim ...", p. 63) nor does he adduce proofs for his etymologies, even where he disagrees with the widely accepted ones (e.g. for "Frumet"). His own derivations are not always correct either. To mention just one example I happened to notice, he says about the name "Bodhana" or "Bodana" (p. 56f): "The _Bod_ part of the name means _God_ in Ukrainian. The _Hana_ part is our well-known Hebrew _Hannah_ ...". One can easily check in a dictionary that the Ukrainian word is not _bod_ but _boh_ (Russian _bog_), and I should be very surprised if the name isn't simply the female variant of Ukrainian "Bohdan" (Russian "Bogdan"), in which the second part _dan_ means 'given'. "Bogdan" is an old Slavic name, modeled on a Greek one; in Hebrew, "Nathan" expresses a similar idea. The book may be quite useful for some purposes, but regrettably it is far from "superb". Of course, R. Gorr was an amateur and not a trained linguist, and so were most of the people who compiled dictionaries of Jewish names. The books which I mentioned as "recommended reading" are not necessarily more reliable!
TO: Arline Parnes RE: Msg of Thu, 19 May 1994 10:20:33 -0500 in JEWISHGEN > What is the BEST book to buy for meanings of personal names (a dictionary). > I have Rabbi Gorr's book for the Jewish personal names. Arline, you presumably mean a book about the etymology (origin) of names; names don't have a "meaning" in the true sense. I guess you're looking for something about English first names since you seem satisfied with R. Gorr for the Jewish ones. The standard source is: E. G. Withycombe: The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press (3rd ed. 1979) A book which lists lots and lots of first names - including Biblical and modern (Israeli) Jewish names - and gives very brief etymologies is: Alfred J. Kolatch, The Complete Dictionary of English and Hebrew First Names, Middle Village NY: Jonathan David 1984 (488 pages) (You can order straight from the publishers Jonathan David Publishers Inc. 68-22 Eliot Avenue Middle Village, NY 11379 Phone (718) 456-8611 Fax (718) 894-2818 Ask for their "Judaica Book Guide", which includes many special offers - if you're lucky, you can get the name dictionary at less than the regular price, which is $25.) As I pointed out in an earlier message, R. Gorr's book should be used with caution. What I like is that it lists many variants and diminutive forms of names, but the remarks about etymology and sound change are not based on an adequate knowledge of linguistics and phonetics. It's impossible to say which dictionary is the "best" - it all depends on what you need it for. Each book has specific advantages and short- comings, and NO dictionary is entirely reliable. This is especially true of etymology. In this field, even professional lexicographers sometimes make grotesque mistakes, as I showed a number of years ago in a detailed review of a new German dictionary (a general one, not one of names) - and most name dictionaries are compiled by amateurs ...
IN REPLY TO: Msg from Dan Leeson of Sun, 29 May 1994 05:57:50 -0700 ORIGINAL SUBJECT: Bob Wine's question about "Diamond" DL> The name only leads me to believe that one of your ancestors came from DL> Germany where, in the mid-1800s, mandatory name changes were instituted by DL> the government. Prior to that time, people were permitted to use last DL> names, but after that date, they were required to do so, both Jews and DL> non-Jews alike. As far as I know, the governments in the various German states (which at that time were entirely independent) did not require people to *change* their names. What is true is that family names became obligatory - those people who already had a surname registered it and those who didn't took one. Family names became obligatory first in Austria (1787), then in Frankfurt/ Main (1807), French-occupied Rhineland and Westphalia (1808), Baden (1809), Prussia (1812), Bavaria (1813) and other states. Prussian-occupied Posen (1833) and Saxonia (1834) were among the last, so that "in the mid-1800s" is not quite correct except for Oldenburg (1852). DL> Obviously, one wanted a last name that was not a public disgrace. If DL> you were unable to purchase a beautiful sounding name, the authorities DL> might (and occasionally did) give someone a name like "Galgenstrick" DL> which means "gallows rope" or "Eselkopf" which means "Donkey's Head." We've been through that before, but since this seems to be a widespread rumour, I have to repeat what I said in my message "Names, Names, Names ..." of 31 January (Digest 136) - sorry, Dan. While it is true that a few disgraceful names (not all that many, as far as I know) are attested in Galicia, which was part of Austria-Hungary, they were never imposed by the authorities in Germany. There, Jews and non-Jews chose their own names, although in some (not all) states certain names were inadmissible. In the West and North-West, which was under French rule in the early 1800s, names of cities and Biblical first names were not allowed as *new* Jewish family names; restrictions of a similar kind, which did not affect names that had been in use before, existed in Baden and in Austria. In keeping with the spirit of the times, which linked emancipation (equal rights for Jews and non-Jews) to assimilation, the purpose of such regulations was to *avoid* conspicous differences between the names of Jews and non-Jews. Moreover, names which may sound derogatory to us need not be derogatory in origin. Thus, as I said before, "Eselskopf" (with should have an _s_ in the middle) could well be a name based on a house sign (see below) - like "Rindskopf" ('cow's head'), which is attested in Frankfurt/Main. Family names which look derogatory also occur among non-Jewish Germans, and some of them have been in use for a long time so that they certainly can't be blamed on officials who didn't get a sufficiently bribe. Obviously, the etymology of each name must be examined very carefully. DL> The names thought to be most beautiful by many people were names of DL> jewels, such as diamond. And thus "Diamant" (English: Diamond) became DL> a popular name among Jews. As I said before, the name "Diamant" was not chosen for its supposed beauty but indicates that the bearer was in the diamond trade. "Wein" ('wine') can also be a name of this type. DL> Other popular names that were purchased (I presume from an approved DL> list) were "Rosenberg" (meaning rose mountain), "Goldberg" (or gold DL> mountain). These names (which Jews in Germany certainly didn't have to purchase) can derive from a variety of sources, including place names and female first names - for details see my earlier message. DL> Some people chose names [...] after the sign that was hung in front DL> of their place of business (Rothschild = red shield). A minor correction: These names are derived from signs on houses, which served the function of our house numbers. In Prague, for instance, one can still see lots of houses with stucco signs above the door showing a sun, an animal, a flower or the like. DL> Certain names are inherently Jewish, such as Cohen and Levy In Germany, even the names "Kohn" and "Lewin" can have a non-Jewish origin, as can "typically Jewish" names like "Salomon", "Wolf", "Gold- bach", "Landauer" etc. etc. In other words, it is *never* permissible to assume that a family is (or was) Jewish merely because of its name.
In a message of Fri, 12 Aug 94 17:21:21 +0200, Michel R. Futtersack wrote (Subject: Are some hungarian Jewish surnames nicknames?): > Someone told me that Austrian administration gave frequently sobriquets > (nicknames) to Jews in the 18th century. Do anyone have information about > this memorable usage ? This story is frequently repeated but has never been proved. In Austria, family names became obligatory in 1787, in Prussia in 1812; most other German states followed suit in the course of the first half of the 19th century. According to all the laws and regulations, Jews who already had a family name were allowed to keep it (they merely had to register it) and those who didn't have one had to *choose* one. In many states, these *new* family names could be chosen freely. In others, certain types of names were not allowed (but *old* family names were not affected by these restrictions). This usually applied to names from the Hebrew Bible and names based on place names, which shows that the purpose of such measures was to prevent Jews from taking *new* names that were "typically Jewish". In other words, the authorities wanted to reduce the differences between Jews and Gentiles to a minimum, making assimilation a prerequisite for "emancipation", i.e. equal rights. Note that in Prussia and elsewhere, Jews were given citizenhip *on condition* that they take a permanent family name. In Western Galicia, that part of Poland which was under Austrian rule from 1795 to 1815 (when it became part of the new Kingdom of Poland under Russian sovereignty), family names became obligatory in 1805. The wording of the regulations differed from those for Austria proper: In Austria, Jews had to "take" a family name, in Western Galicia they "received" one. It is possible (but by no means certain) that some officials in this region (but not anywhere else) imposed unpleasant names unless they received a bribe (cf. Dietz Bering, Der Name als Stigma 1987, Ch. 2.2, note 45). The ultimate source of all the stories that Jews had to "buy" names is an essay by the writer Karl Emil Franzos, "Namensstudien" (1880), in which he lists ugly and derogatory family names from Galicia. His claim that these names were assigned by a military commission has been refuted by Erwin Manuel Dreifuss in his book Die Familiennamen der Juden (1927, p. 16ff); other authors (e.g. Gerhard Kessler in Die Familiennamen der Juden in Deutschland 1935, p. 80) have pointed out that seemingly ugly names also occur among Gentiles and often aren't derogatory in origin - and some of the "disgusting" Galician names ("Ekelnamen") which Kessler found in the Berlin address book of 1926 don't strike me as "disgusting" at all. In fact, one of the names he assigns to this category, SONNENBLICK (lit. 'sun view'), occurs again under the "phantasy names" with positive connotations, and I also don't understand why MUSKATBLITT (lit. 'nutmeg flower', i.e. the spice mace) should be "disgusting" if MUSKAT is listed under the names derived from merchandise. Obviously, the number of "ugly" names among Jews has been vastly exaggerated - they occur more frequently in jokes and antisemitic remarks than in reality.
[Quoting Judith Mostyn, "Bavarian Census of Jews", 15 Aug 94 17:05:38 EDT:] > The entry for my ancestor in the 1826 Bavarian Census of Jews, > contains the following [...]: > > col 4: Befchneidungs und bisheriger Name [Circumcision and former Name]: > Isaac Laemmlein Marx [...] > col 5: Jekiger bleibender Familien Name [Present permanent Family Name]: > Heidenheimer [...] This should be *Beschneidungs-* and *jetziger*. What Judith mistook for an _f_ is a "long" _s_ (which lacks the cross-bar of an _f_). > QUESTIONS: Does this mean his family name was originally MARX and he > changed it to HEIDENHEIMER? In Bavaria (as in other German states), Jews had to take family names sometime in the early 1800s; as I said in my recent message "'Ridiculous' family names", this often was a prerequisite for citizenship. Subsequently, census lists with the new family names were compiled. When family names became obligatory, those Jews who already had a hereditary family name usually kept it, but some used the opportunity to adopt a new name. In Berlin, 458 of 1633 families that had to choose a family name in 1812 already had one (28%); this percentage is higher than average because the Jews in Berlin were more assimilated than those in the country. Of these 458, 63 (14%) decided to change the name - some perhaps because many other families had the same name, others because they wanted to avoid a name that sounded "too Jewish"; there were all sorts of reasons. (The figures are from: Dietz Bering, Der Name als Stigma, Stuttgart 1992, pp. 55/58; Bering's statements are a bit unclear and I hope I have interpreted them correctly.) Jews who didn't have a family name were known by their individual name ("first name") and by their father's name; some also had an additional epithet which was not passed on to the next generation (e.g. 'David the red-haired', 'Moshe the teacher', 'Shmuel from Heidenheim' in contradistinction to other Davids, Moshes, Shmuels). What may be confusing is that the father's name is not identified as such: Nathan's son Isaac was known simply as "Isaac Nathan" - no "ben", no "-sohn" etc. In many cases, the father's name was chosen as a family name. Here's an example from my own family: My 5g-gf Jekutiel ben Chaim was called "Kauffmann Heimann" in German records. Both of these names are individual names ("first names"): "Kauffmann" is his own (a *kinnui* or secular equivalent of his Hebrew name "Jekutiel") and "Heimann" is his father's (a *kinnui* of "Chaim"). Sometimes he was also called "Kauffmann Praeger", where "Praeger" is an epithet meaning 'the one from Prague'. Jekutiel's son Schalom was known as "Salomon Kauffmann". Originally, "Kauffmann" was simply the individual name of his father, but in 1812 Schalom/Salomon chose it as the family name: His son Meir was not called "Meyer Salomon" (individual name + father's name) but "Meyer Kauffmann" (individual name + family name). So, if a person has two names in older records, the second can be: (1) a family name ("Kauffmann" in "Meyer Kauffmann"), (2) the father's name ("Kauffmann" in "Salomon Kauffmann" before 1812), (3) an epithet ("Praeger" in "Kauffmann Praeger"). Since practically all individual names and epithets can become family names, one can't determine which type of name it is without looking at the sequence of generations. If a person has three names, there are even more possibilities. Here's another example from my family: My 3g-gf Joseph Lippmann Mugdan had a brother Samuel Herrmann Mugdan and a son Elieser Lippmann Mugdan. In all cases, "Mugdan" is the family name, but the role of the "middle name" differs: (1) In "Joseph Lippmann", "Lippmann" is the name of Joseph's father. (2) In "Elieser Lippmann", "Lippmann" is the *kinnui* of "Elieser", i.e. the two names are equivalent. (An interesting piece of evidence are the gravestones of two of Elieser Lippmann's sons: one says "ben Lippmann", the other "ben Elieser".) Such combinations were quite popular (cf. "Menachem Mendel", "Dov Ber", "Zvi Hirsch" etc.). (3) In "Samuel Herrmann", "Herrmann" is a second individual name. This is clear from the gravestone, which gives "Shmuel Chaim" as the Hebrew name. ("Hermann" is another, more modern *kinnui* of "Chaim".) Again, additional evidence is needed to decide which type of name it is. Now, what about "Isaac Laemmlein Marx"? "Laemmlein" is a diminutive of the German word "Lamm" ('lamb'); it can be a *kinnui* of "Asher" (for unknown reasons). "Marx" is a Germanized form of "Mordechai" (and so are "Mark", "Markus", "Marcuse" etc.) and could be either the father's name or a family name. > Is Loew a name? Woman's or Man's name? First name or family name? "Loew" (from the German word for 'lion') is a *kinnui* of "Yehuda" (based on Bereshit 49:9), i.e. a man's name. It is often used in combination with "Yehuda" (cf. R' Yehuda Loew ben Betzalel, the Maharal of Prague, who is said to have created the Golem) and, like most individual names ("first names"), also became a family name.
> Date: Wed, 09 Nov 1994 19:37:44 EST > First, I understand a kinnui to apply to a secular first name, and I > believe that this is consistent with your understanding. Yes. In the most typical case, a kinnui is a secular "equivalent" of someone's Jewish (Hebrew, more rarely Aramaic or Greek) given name. The kinnui can be a name in the vernacular language (German, Yiddish, Polish, Russian or whatever), but often it only sounds like a name in the vernacular language without being used as such by non-Jews. Thus, _Koppelmann_ *sounds* German but doesn't occur as a Gentile name. The relationship between a name and its kinnui can be of various kinds: (1) The words underlying the name and its kinnui have similar meanings. Examples: _Flora_ for _Blume_ (diminutive _Bluemchen_ or _Bluemel_, 'flower'); with the added element -mann: _Lichtmann_ for _Me'ir_. (2) The name and its kinnui sound similar. Examples: _Meyer_ (an exclusively Jewish given name) for _Me'ir_, _Moritz_ (a name also used by Gentiles) for _Moshe_; with the added elements -el and/or -mann: _Koppel_ or _Koppelmann_ for _Ya'akov_. (3) The kinnui alludes to a characteristic of the Biblical figure who was the first bearer of the name. I listed some examples in a message on JEWISHGEN of 31 Jan: > Certain animals are traditionally associated with common > Hebrew first names. (In part, these associations are based > on Jacob's blessings for his sons, Bereshit 49.) The German > words for these animals were used as secular first names > (Hebrew "kinnui") and often became family names, e.g. > Judah - Loew, Loeb, etc; Spanish Leon 'lion' [rest of quote deleted - see message 01] > A corrupted or diminutive form of the Hebrew or Yiddish first name > would do for a surname; i.e., Baruch Bendit, or Jacob Koppelman. _Bendit_ is a translation equivalent of _Baruch_ ('the blessed one'), not a "corrupted" form (an expression I would avoid anyway). It was common to use the Jewish name and the kinnui in combination; in this case, _Bendit_ wasn't a surname (in the sense of 'family name') but simply a second given name. > Now in none of this can I come out with Mordechai as a kinnui for > Marx. And that is the source of my confusion. All of the sources > I have looked at suggest that Marx has a Roman origin. Of course, _Marcus_ is a Latin name. But just as Latin _Benedict_ (French _Bendit_) can be a kinnui of _Baruch_, _Marcus_ or the shortened variant _Marx_ can be a kinnui (of type 2) for _Mordechai_ (not the other way round). In his book "Die Familiennamen der Juden in Deutschland", Gerhard Kessler lists the following German-sounding equivalents of _Mordechai_: Mark, Markus, Markuse, Markusy, Markmann, Marx In his "Dictionary of Jewish Names", Kaganoff says under MARKS: Jews with a Hebrew name of Moshe or Mordechai often selected Marcus or Mark as the non-Hebrew name. I'm sure that the Guggenheimers say the same thing (I was able to get their dictionary of Jewish family names by inter-library loan but had to return it; it's a very valuable source for kinnuim.) There is also documentary of this kinnui-equivalence, for example in Jacob Jacobson's index of Jewish marriages in Berlin (Juedische Trauungen in Berlin 1759-1813, Berlin: de Gruyter 1968). There, _Marcus_ occurs very frequently as a kinnui of _Mordechai_, and one Mordechai ben Zwi Mirels who died in 1654 in Vienna was also known as *Marx* Fraenkel.
In a message of Mon, 30 Jan 1995 17:06:01 LOCAL, Mimi Hiller <email@example.com> wrote "Re: Jews took names": MH> I believe it was around 1804 in Russia as part of the ukases (edicts) MH> concentrating on the cultural suffocation of the country's Jews. And in a message of Tue, 31 Jan 1995, Walter Ratajczyk wrote on the same topic, relying on Norman Davies in God's Playground: A History of Poland. Volume II: 1795 To The Present: WR> With the fall of Poland Prussia, Austria and Russia eliminated WR> jurisdiction of kahal and in order to exercise better control over Jews WR> began their registration. In Austria and Russia it started in 1791 WR> in Prussia it was conducted on the basis of Judenregelment 1797. WR> In Austria and Prussia bureaucrats were giving names to Jews at their WR> discretion, [...] Here we go again ;-) (1) Purpose of family names At least in the various German states (including Austria), the requirement for Jews to adopt hereditary family names didn't serve the purpose of "cultural suffocation" or of "better control", and the same is probably true of other European countries. In the late 18th / early 19th c., the ideals of freedom and equality led to a new attitude towards the Jews: They were no longer regarded as strangers living in their own segregated world, the ghetto, but as citizens with (more or less) the same rights as non-Jews. One prerequisite for citizenship ("naturalization", "emancipation") was the adoption of a family name. The non-Jews already had family names (in most of Europe, these developed in the course of the 11th-16th c.), and to include the Jews in the name system of the majority was a way of symbolizing their new status in society (cf. Dietz Bering, The Stigma of Names, Ch. 2.1). (2) Were family names given or taken? As I have already pointed out in several earlier messages, the claim that in Prussia and Austria "bureaucrats were giving names to Jews at their discretion" is false, no matter how often it may have been repeated. In all of the German states, the laws and regulations allowed the Jews to choose their own family names. (If they already had a family name, some states required them to keep it, others permitted them to change it if desired.) This was also true of the formerly Polish areas under Prussian and Austrian rule - with a single exception. It concerns Western Galicia, a part of Poland that came under Austrian rule in 1795. There, the Jews were to "receive" family names, but it is far from clear how this actually took place (cf. Dietz Bering, The Stigma of Names, Ch. 2.2, fn. 45). (3) When did family names become obligatory? The dates Walter gives for the former Polish areas could be a little misleading. Eastern Galicia (Austrian since 1772) was included in the "patent" of 1787 for the whole of Austria; the patent for Western Galicia (see above) dates from 1805. The Prussian legislation of 1812 may have included West Prussia (with Bromberg/Bydgoszcz, Polish until 1772) - but I'm not sure about that -, whereas the "Generaljudenreglement" of 1797 concerned New West Prussia (with Warsaw, Polish until 1793) and South Prussia (with Posen/Poznan, Polish until 1795). In most of these areas, Prussian and Austrian rule didn't last long: With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw in 1807, which became the Kingdom of Poland (under Russian sovereignty) in 1815, Prussia had to give up New West Prussia and most of South Prussia; Austria lost Western Galicia. In the part of South Prussia that remained Prussian, namely Posen, Jews had to take family names in 1833 (cf. my message "Re: Jews in Posen" of 31 Jan). This suggests that they hadn't done so after the "Generaljudenreglement" of 1797. Similarly, the fact that the Russian *ukaz* of 1804 was followed by a second one in 1835 indicates "that the law of 1804 had not been followed rigorously and that numerous Jews either had adopted no surnames or had changed them once adopted" (Alexander Beider, A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from the Russian Empire, Teaneck/NJ: Avotaynu: 1993, p. 10; cf. David Chapin's message of 31 Jan). It would be surprising if the Austrians had been more effective during their brief occupation of Western Galicia, so that we should be even more wary of the bobbe mayses about officials giving Jews "ugly" names or asking high prices for "nice" ones.
In a message of Sat, 13 May 1995 11:56:23 GMT, David Wihl wrote (Subject: Re: Tribal Membership--Cohen/Levi/Israelite), quoting email@example.com: DW> H> I am aware of men who took their wife's family name because hers DW> H> was the more "prominent" family. The name change is said to be DW> H> identified by the addition of an "s" (feminine ending). DW> BTW, this comes from Greek, where male names have an "s" appended to DW> the end. That is how English gets Moses out of Moshe Rabbaenu. Sorry, folks, but you seem to be confusing a number of different things. (1) It is true that many Greek male names end in -s, and that this accounts for _Moses_ as the Greek (and hence Latin, English, German etc.) equivalent of _Moshe_. (BTW, the example also illustrates that the Greeks regularly replaced Hebrew _sh_ by _s_.) But this Greek -s has nothing to do with the supposed "feminine ending" Howard was talking about. (2) In the Germanic languages (English, German, Yiddish, Swedish etc.), many family names are derived from given names by the addition of an -s, e.g. English Peters or Judeo-German/Yiddish Sanders (from Sander, a short form of Alexander). This -s is not a "feminine ending" but rather a possessive or genitive suffix. In such names, it is equivalent to the more complete construction "X's son", which has given rise to innumerable family names, such as English Johnson or Judeo-German/ Yiddish Lewinson (from Lewin, a variant of Leib, the kinnui of Yehuda). (3) In families in which continuity in the male line is highly valued (this includes rabbinical dynasties as well as - lehavdil - non-Jewish farmers in northern Germany, for instance), a son-in-law often takes on the role of a son. To emphasize that he is the legitimate successor, he may adopt the family name of his wife (or rather, his father-in-law). AFAIK, the name is not modified when this happens.
In a message of Mon, 28 Aug 1995 09:45:08 -0400, EDWARD L CHUMNEY <email@example.com> wrote EC> The answer that I got from several people was: Isaacs means "Son of EC> Isaac" and is a Jewish name. I have looked at books like "Finding our EC> Fathers" which shows that Isaacs is definately a Jewish name. He added a message from the UK/Ireland Genealogy list. There, someone else had asked whether the name ISAAC/ISAACS was > a. Welsh > b. Cornish > c. Norman > d. Jewish > e. all of the above and got the reply: > The answer is E. > The name is a patronomic [sp!, should be "patronymic", Joachim] and any > place that adopted patronomic surnames, and used the name Isaac as a > first name, could have this as a surname. It implies no particular > ethnicity, as at various times this name [is] used [in] Wales, Cornwall, > and England, all of which had their own patronomic tradition [...] Edward wanted an opinion on this, and since similar questions come up quite frequently, I'd like to reply publicly: The answer *is* E. With very few exceptions, there are no family names that are "definitely Jewish" in the sense that the original bearer must have been Jewish. This applies to names with all sorts of origins: - Patronymics derived from Hebrew given names (Abraham, Isaacs etc.), - place names with the suffix -er (Hamburger, Wiener etc.), - animal names (Hirsch, Baer etc.), - professions and titles (Richter, Herzog etc.), - artificial names that resemble place names (Rosenthal, Goldberg etc.). Lots of supposedly "typically Jewish" names are attested in purely Gentile families, and even the names KOHN and LEWIN can have totally non-Jewish origins (from the Germanic given names Kuno and Liebwein, respectively). Since all ethnic groups in Europe use essentially the same types of family names, this should not come as a surprise. In other words, you *cannot* conclude from a family name alone whether the family is/was Jewish or not. Generally, the origin of a family name doesn't tell you much about the origin of the family. For example, the name HAMBURGER suggests some connection with the city of Hamburg. It need not necessarily imply that the person who adopted the name actually used to live there. And if he did, it wouldn't help you much in tracing his ancestors - because he would normally not be known as HAMBURGER until after leaving Hamburg. So, please don't attach so much importance to names and focus on the real evidence, i.e. family traditions, documents etc.


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Kite Skating is an extreme sport using powerful, controllable kites to propel riders of in-line skates, off-road skates or mountain boards at speeds up to 60 mph across parking lots, desert dry lakes, grassy fields, and sandy beaches.
Kite Skating originated around 1990 when sport kite enthusiasts began Kite Skating (then called Rollerkiting) at festivals along the eastern coast USA. In large parking lots, skaters used Rollerblades and four-line controllable parafoil kites to provided a fast and exciting ride.
That was just before the kite buggy explosion. When buggies took to the kite field, Kite Skating was left at the side lines. There were few attempts of utilizing off-road treadmill skates to join kite buggies on multi-terrain surfaces, but they proved to be awkward and not well suited for speed.
Separated by terrain, skaters and buggiers would remain divided until 1992 when Kite Skating pioneer Bob Childs built a pair of off-road in-line skates using Rollerblade boots and scooter wheels irreverently named the Wheels Of Doom. Bob has been observed ripping across the deck at kite traction events ever since.
Kite Skates were an unusual sight amongst buggies, but soon became an accepted member of the kite traction family (perhaps an odd cousin). Now Kite Skaters are sailing along with all other forms of wind powered vehicles at events around the globe.
In recent years, Kite Skaters have been joined by ATB skateboard riders. Kite Skateboarding daredevils use mountainboards to zip around on multi-terrain surfaces perhaps at lesser speeds than Kite Skaters, but kite skateboards have a greater ability for jump tricks.
If you would like to learn more about Kite Skating, the links listed below provide information on building materials, professionally manufactured off-road skates and mountainboards, and personal Kite Skating web sites.
Learning to Kite Skate - Quick Reference.
While learning to kite skate, it is crucial to spend enough time learning to fly power kites so that you may comfortably focus your attention on the unexpected situations that occur while kite skating. This brief guide assumes the skater is already proficient at flying power kites.
Think First. Always wear safety gear, kite skate in open fields free of obstacles or wind blocks, and use care kite skating at high speeds or on bumpy terrain.
Step 1. Position the kite on the ground at 45 degrees from straight downwind. Point the kite skate wheels directly at the kite and launch. Tip for beginners: When the kite first launches, it climbs through the most powerful part of the wind window. When launching in high winds, it is best for beginners to have a friend launch the kite or sit while launching to avoid being overpowered. Launching while seated gives you leverage against the power of the kite without pulling you off balance. A slight dip of the kite into the power zone can lift you to a standing position. From there you are ready to skate away.
Step 2. As you start moving forward, fly the kite out to the edge of the wind window and concentrate on skating a line slightly upwind from the kite's position (10-20 degrees) thus increasing the power of the kite and your forward speed. If you start slowing and becoming overpowered, turn the skates slightly downwind toward the kite. If you become under powered and the kite begins to sink, turn the skates slightly upwind away from the kite. Focus on how much is enough and how much is too much.
Step 3. To turn around, fly the kite to the top of the wind window and turn the skates slightly upwind to slow down. Carve or "step turn" the skates in a downwind direction. As you complete the turn, lower the kite in the new direction and power up to speed.
Step 4. Stopping is the same as on a buggy... fly the kite to the overhead position and turn the skates upwind. The more aggressive the upwind angle, the faster you will stop. "Parachuting" the kite (flying the kite to the opposite side of the flying window) is a good way to control speed as long as you are very careful not to get the kite too far behind you. You don't want the kite to power-up while you are in this position. You will then need to bring the kite overhead and skate upwind to stop.
Step 5. Advanced tricks such as big air jumps and jump turns should only be attempted after a skater is extremely proficient with kite skating basics. Use great care in attempting high powered tricks.
For more information regarding Kite Skating, Kite Skateboarding and Kite Skiing, check out these sites...
Sport Information:
*Doomwheels Kite Skating - Official website of Doomwheels kite skater, Bob Childs and the original kite powered, off-road, in-line skates... the Wheels Of Doom! This site is filled with power kite movies, slide shows, photo albums, articles, discussion forum, kite skating, kite surfing, kite buggying, kite skiing.
*The Power Kite Forum - The most up-to-date and informative traction kiting peer to peer resource. Have a question regarding kite skating or kite traction sports? Something to brag about? Kiting stories or a new web site? Buying or selling kiting gear? Use this forum to get connected to the most extreme kiting personalities on the web.
Kiteskate.com - French kite skating enthusiasts introduce a patended new KiteSkate for sale. Site in French and English features photos and technical info.
Skiting.com - What do you get when you cross sand, skis, and a BIG kite? Skiting, of course! Lots of pictures, kite videos, and tips!
KiteScooting - Off-road kiteboarding - Free kite videos, photos and information about kiting with a 2-wheel board built especially for kiting on turf and sand.
Kiteskating Windskating Skatesailing - Lots of tricks, over 100 free movies, streetsurf chatline, full-control slideshow, lifestyle photo gallery, message board, location index, virtual postcards.
Skate-A-Round - Dutch kite skating site with pics.
Fat-tire kite skates- Fat-tire roller-skates for kite powered beach riding. WARNING! You WILL get injured on these. Don't blame me!
Kitesnowboard.com - Kite snowboarding web site with pics, movies, tips & tricks, lesson and gear contacts.
Kite ATB - Mountainboarding, Landboarding, Kiteboarding, KiteATB, whatever you call it, this website is devoted to standing on an oversized skateboard with big wheels and being pulled along by a huge kite.
Tsunami - Belgian kiteboarding team, with only landboarders. We do several festivals in europe, check our pics and movies.
WingSurf.co.uk - Information on using Kitewings with Dirtsurfers and ATBs. Site contains set up information, photos, videos and an up-to-date diary.
Kites and Accessories:
Into The Wind - The world's largest mail order kite store now carries a full line of power foils and tube kites for land traction.
Wind Power Sports - Land traction experts located in the midst of California and Nevada's most popular dry lakes. Store owner Corey Jensen will set you up with the perfect kite and tell some entertaining tales in the process.
Power Kiteplace - offers the complete line of quality HQ Power Kites and accessories, Peter Lynn Kite Buggys and parts, and Nasa Wings from HQ and Sieger Kites.
Flexifoil International - World class manufacturer of sport kites, power kites and buggies. Site includes event calendar, instruction and photo gallery.
Kitty Hawk Kites - Dealer of power kites, kiteboarding gear, landboards and landboarding gear.
Forever Flying High Performance - High Performance Windsports: kites, windsurfing, kite buggies, mountain boards, kite surfing, boomerangs, etc.
Skimbat Wingsurfing - Wingsurfing has become a natural sport to reach the young generation and enthusiasts of extreme sports. Wingsurfing with a Skimbat is an incredible feeling, it's something between flying, windsurfing and kitesurfing.
www.skatewing.com - Skatewing is the new way to "move with the wind", all you need is a pair of in-line skates and the Skatewing. Speeding along using the power of the wind is the ultimate thrill.
NPW5 Traction Kites - Sparless, chamberless, single deck power kites resembling the NASA controllable parachute design. Purchase directly from the BuyNPW store.
Off-road Skates and Building Supplies:
Rollerblade - Makers of the Coyote off-road in-line skate.
Crosskate - Professionally manufactured all-terrain skates.
Roces - Two models of off-road in-line skates.
Rockville ATS - This well Rounded series of off-road, in-line skates and all-terrain skateboards tame the outdoors.
Gateskate - TrailSkate all-terrain skates are designed to go over any type of surface including asphalt, dirt, gravel, grass and mountain trails. Hand-controlled hydraulic brakes located in the rear wheel of each skate allow skaters to easily control speed and stop quickly while maintaining a comfortable, balanced, upright body position.
Terrablades Off-Road Skate and Rollercycle - Off Road skates: 8 wheels, 4 brakes, ski boots.
Skorpion Quadline Multi Terrain Skates - Skorpion Skates combine contemporary automotive design with unsurpassed stability and functionality. Skorpion Skates are so stable and easy to balance on they can be used by just about anybody, anywhere.
McMaster-Carr Supply Co. - Everything you will need to make your own off-road in-line kite skates. Skate rails- part #8910K178, wheels and tires- pages #1198-1199. Direct sales online, no minimums.
Skyway Tuff Wheels - Take a look through this site for a long list of great all purpose wheels and accessories. Skyway's customer service department will assist in selecting the right wheel, but final purchase will need to involve your local bike dealer.
Plastic Wheels - All type of wheels for homemade kite skates etc.
Skate Away Scooter Wheels - 12-1/2" x 2-1/4" Pneumatic with inner tube and two bearings on lightweight polycarbonate rim. 1/2" axle, 2" hub width.
ATB Landboards and Accessories:
Mongoose Mountain Boards - Manufacturer and distributor of all-terrain, snowboard and mountainboard. Site includes pictures, bulletin board, events, races, contest and more.
Hyline All-Terrain Boards - In the days before all terrain boards, when the snow melted the ride ended. Today, all terrain boards make all season carving on any hill a reality. A core group of individuals currently works day and night to make this sport accessible to people all over. Hyline All Terrain Boards is dedicated to manufacturing quality all terrain boards at an affordable price.
Loko Freeboards - Using pneumatic barrel shaped wheels, this versatile mountainboard can traverse virtually any terrain from grass hills, concrete and tarmac slopes, forest trails and dirt tracks to windy playing fields and even indoor 3D balance boarding.
Dirtsurfer - Two-wheeled, in-line, all-terrain, skateboard / dirtboard / grassboard / mountainboard - all in one. A cross between snowboarding and surfing.
www.grassboard.com - Official Grassboard web site - Rollsurfing Funsprot GmbH
Kiteskate.nl - Shop in The Netherlands selling kite Boards.
Xtreme Wheelz - Boards, wheels, trucks, bearings and risers for all-terrain skateboards.


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Kérdése van? +36-30/653-8274
More detailed information on the origin, natural habitat and suggested uses of mustard seeds can be found here
Mustard seeds, yellow, ground
The markings and labels on the products always contain a wide range of information, while only a small amount of mandatory information is displayed here in the webshop. In the event of changes, we may not be able to indicate them in the product information here quickly enough, so please read the label in all cases. If you still have a question and need more information, please let our customer service know.


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One of my favorite destinations in the world is the Caribbean with its warm waters, sandy shores, and great cocktails. With so much destruction during Hurricane's Irma and Maria over a year ago, I am thrilled to report most of the best beaches and waterfront hotels are back in action with quite a few of them better than before. The perfect retreat for millions of tourists worldwide, the Caribbean not only offers up an amazing escape from cold winter climates but also creates memories to last for a lifetime.
Some of my finest memories include floating in the bathtub-warm waters of Aruba, sailing in the British Virgin Islands, deep sea fishing in Nicaragua and countless others. I have included several destinations like Bermuda, Turks & Caicos and the Bahamas that are not in the Caribbean but are an important part of the area, and also feature stunning beaches. I have become a bit of a beach aficionado having personally visited most of these beaches and am excited to present my favorites for 2019.
This two-mile sandy beach with soft, powdery white sand also offers up several great bars, restaurants and some amazing resorts. Busier than other beaches in the area but on Anguilla nothing feels crowded. Runners-up include; Maundays Bay, Meads Bay, Rendezvous Bay, Merrywing Bay, and Savannah Bay.
UNICEF Is Fighting To End Violence Against Women
What's great about Darkwood Beach is that there's not a single building on it. It feels like an escape from reality. It's undeveloped but still easily accessible. Runners-up include; Valley Church Beach, Dickenson Bay, Runaway Bay, Ffrye's Bay, Crab Hill Bay, and Half Moon Bay.
I have visited this beach for over 15 years, and while it can often be crowded with a mix of East Coast beach lovers and Venezuelans, the sand and water keep me coming back for more. This is a special place that has become the ultimate getaway for so many people. Come as yourself and never be judged.
While not in the Caribbean I had to include this stunning island, owned by a fabulous couple David Hew and his husband Michael King and features one of the most spectacular beaches in the Bahamas. Completely secluded for privacy, this is one of the best retreats in the world with a barrier reef for snorkeling. Runners-up include; Stocking Island, Exumas with the swimming pigs, Old Bight Beach, Cat Island, Old Fort Bay, Nassau, Treasure Cay Beach, Abaco, Sand Dollar Beach, Great Harbour Cay, and Cabbage Beach, Paradise Island.
This is the most famous beach in Barbados and is surrounded by cliffs and lots of soft sand. Runners-up include Bathsheba Beach, Dover Beach, Mullins Beach, and St Peter.
Enjoy the feeling of seclusion on your own patch of perfect beach, while being close to all the happenings of the local village. Take a kayak out to see the sunset over Victoria's Peak, one of the highest mountains in Belize.
Not in the Caribbean but a major destination for superyachts and wealthy Caribbean island hoppers, the calm water and hidden coves of this stunning beach can sometimes get crowded but you can venture further down the beach for a secluded experience.
I have visited this beach as a cruise ship passenger on multiple occasions, and there is nothing better than drinking from the Soggy Dollar Bar and relaxing with friends on this charming island paradise. Runners-up include Sandy Spit, Loblolly Bay, Devil's Bay in Virgin Gorda, Prickly Pear, Cane Garden Bay, Smugglers Cove, and Apple Bay in Tortola
The beach measures only 5.5 miles, but its gorgeous clear waters and coral sands have made it one of the top picks by magazines every year.
Located four hours from the capital city, San Jose this is a great beach for more laid back travelers where sloths are a regular part of the scenery. The nearby town gets lively after dark.
This beach is about 2 miles of white sand with turquoise colored water. Guardalavaca is known for its sporting activities such as snorkeling, scuba diving, deep-sea fishing, tennis, windsurfing, volleyball, catamaran sailing, and kayaking.
With its clear turquoise water, waving palm trees and white sandy beach, Cas Abao is a true paradise. Located at the northwest coast of Curaçao, the beach is ideal for swimmers with great reefs for snorkeling. Runners-up include Playa Knip, Westpunt, Playa Porto Mari, Klein Curacao, and Groot Knip.
The reward at the end of this hike down a steep cliff to the beach below is a large waterfall crashing on the beach. One of the most memorable beach experiences ever. Runner-up is Batibou Beach.
This spectacular secluded beach is one of the most beautiful in the Dominican Republic and has won many travel awards. The white sand beach stretches about five miles and remains very secluded, far away from any resorts or hotels. Best way to arrive is by ATV to this paradise. Runners-up include Saona Island and Playa Bavaro.